Wikimedia Incubator incubatorwiki https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Incubator:Main_Page MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Incubator Incubator talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Translations Translations talk Event Event talk 0 21657 7386717 5606709 2026-11-10T08:56:12Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386717 wikitext text/x-wiki nikan urse oci dulimbai gurun i uksura. anggala jalan jecen de ujui labdu urse kai. == daljingga == * [[Wp/mnc/ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ|Dulimbai Gurun]] * [[Wp/mnc/nikan gisun|nikan gisun]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/uksura|*]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/dulimbai gurun -i uksura]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/deregi yasiya -i uksura]] <!--Other languages--> {{INTERWIKI|Q42740}} 1dj8px8tfhohj9dx402zgly1f1siptb 7386718 7386717 2026-11-10T08:56:27Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''nikan urse''' (汉族) oci dulimbai gurun i uksura. anggala jalan jecen de ujui labdu urse kai. == daljingga == * [[Wp/mnc/ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ|Dulimbai Gurun]] * [[Wp/mnc/nikan gisun|nikan gisun]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/uksura|*]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/dulimbai gurun -i uksura]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/deregi yasiya -i uksura]] <!--Other languages--> {{INTERWIKI|Q42740}} bljxvdxgjxh5p9tiv73f4n0h7ycroiq 0 79650 7386251 7361083 2026-11-09T15:50:09Z ChanSíinik 2721167 Ortografía y algunas palabras 7386251 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Xóot' Noj Lu'umil ''Campeche'''''<br>'''''Estado de Campeche'''''</big></big> |- | style="background:#ffffff;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Campeche.svg|125px]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Mexico map, MX-CAM.svg|300px]] |} [[File:Campeche ramparts.jpg|thumb|404x404px|X-ch'úupal ''Campeche'']] Xóot' Noj Lu'umil '''Campeche'''<ref>A'ALMAJ T'AAN TI' U LU'UMIL CAMPECHE [https://web.archive.org/web/20110103130538/http://ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Estatal/CAMPECHE/CONSTITUCION%20POLITICA/CAMCONS02.pdf http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx]</ref> (káastlan t'aan: ''Estado de Campeche''), jump'eel lu'umil [[Wp/yua/Meejiko|''México'']]. U xóot' lu'umil ''Campeche'' tia'an ichil tu láakal u múuch' lu'umil ''México''. U xóot'ol u meek'táan lu'umil ''Campeche'' le k'ajola'an ichil le noj a'almaj t'aan ti' u múuch' kaajil ''Méxic''o, ichil u jéets t'aanilo'ob, beyxan u ayik'alil u k'aanaabil yaan tu mek'táan lu'umil tu'ux ku ts'o'okol yoolal u noj kaajil ''México''. Méek'taan kaajile' u mootsil tia'a'al u tso'olol meek'táan lu'umil yéetel xan u tso'olol jéets' t'aanilo'ob, je'ebix u kananil ba'alo'ob tie' tu lu'umil ''Campeche'' yaan jatk'abil. == Méek'tankaajo'ob == [[File:Vaquería Infantil en Tenabo Campeche.jpg|thumb|''Vaquería Tenabo'']] [[File:Pelicanos, Calkini, Playas, Campeche (16511091530).jpg|thumb|Jáal ja’ Calkiní|left]] [[File:Ilha do Campeche (3443993674).jpg|thumb|''Campeche''|left]] [[File:Ciudad del Carmen Campeche.jpg|thumb|''Ciudad del'' ''Carmen'' ]] [[File:Campeche, Champotón (11967887144).jpg|thumb|Champotón|left]] [[File:Hecelchakán, Campeche 11.jpg|thumb|Hecelchakán]] [[File:Hopelchén, Campeche, Mexico Mayo 2021 - Letras Grandes.jpg|thumb|Hopelchén|left]] [[File:Palizada centro.jpg|thumb|''Palizada'']] [[File:Transporte en Tenabo.jpg|thumb|Tenabo|left]] [[File:Escárcega, Campeche, Mexico 14 May 2021 - Letras Grandes 01.jpg|thumb|Escárcega]] U lu'umil ''Campeche'' yaan ti' óoxlajump'éel méek'tankaajilo'ob. U k'aaba'obe': [[Wp/yua/Calkiní (méek'tankaaj)|Calkiní]], [[Wp/yua/Kampeech (méek'tankaaj)|''Campeche'']], [[Wp/yua/Carmen (Kampeech)|Carmen]], [[Wp/yua/Champotón (méek'tankaaj)|Champotón]], [[Wp/yua/Hecelchakán (méek'tankaaj)|Hecelchakán]], [[Wp/yua/Hopelchén (méek'tankaaj)|Hopelchén]], [[Wp/yua/Palizada (méek'tankaaj)|''Palizada'']], [[Wp/yua/Tenabo (méek'tankaaj)|Tenabo]], [[Wp/yua/Escárcega (méek'tankaaj)|''Escárcega'']], [[Wp/yua/Calakmul (méek'tankaaj)|Calakmul]], [[Wp/yua/Candelaria (méek'tankaaj|''Candelaria'']], [[Wp/yua/Seybaplaya (méek'tankaaj)|Seybaplaya]] yéetel [[Wp/yua/Dzitbalché (méek'tankaaj)|Dzitbalché]], beyxan chóoch' u k'áak'naabi' u k'aaba'obe' ''Del Real'', ''Herradura'', yéetel ''Desconocidas'', u bak'páachile' chéen ja'. == Miatsil ==<!--Cultura--> [[File:Calakmul2.jpg|248x248px|thumb|Calakmul|left]] [[File:MALECON DE CANDELARIA CAMPECHE - panoramio.jpg|thumb|''Candelaria'']] [[File:Seybaplaya campeche.jpg|thumb|''Seybaplaya''|left]] [[File:Dzitbalché Campeche - Escuela 2017.jpg|thumb|U najil xook Dzitbalché ]] ==Referencias== <references/> [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Meejiko]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Kaampech]] {{INTERWIKI|Q80908}} 6xp8p8vamzb9zsrjikga8e63s9t83pg 0 85990 7386297 7361231 2026-11-09T17:35:10Z ChanSíinik 2721167 Ortografía 7386297 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Canada'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Canada.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Royal Coat of Arms of Canada.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | Lakam | align="center" width="140px" | Chimal |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[image:Canada (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- ! style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Wíinik | style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | 33,311,389 |- ! style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Ich | style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | 9.984.670 [[Wp/yua/Km²|km²]] |- |} '''''Canada''''' jump'éel noj lu'umil [[Wp/yua/Norteamérica|''Norteamérica'']]. U noj kaajil [[Wp/yua/Ottawa|''Ottawa'']]. Jump’éel nojoch lu’um yaan tu xamanil ''América del Norte''. Leti’ le ka’ap’éel lu’um jach nojoch ti’ yóok’ol kaab tumen u nojláayil, yéetel ku yúuchul yéetel lajump'éel ''provincias'' yéetel óoxp’éel ''territorios''. Ku tséel ti’ le nojoch k’áak’náabo’ob ''Atlántico, Pacífico'' yéetel ''Ártico'', yéetel u noj kaajil leti’ ''Ottawa''. [[File:Ottawa skyline panorama.jpg|thumb|''Ottawa'']] ''Canadá'' k’ajóolta’an tumen u ya’ab k’áax, witsilo’ob, áalkab ja’ob yéetel ''lago''’ob. U t’aano’ob ''oficiales'' leti’ ''inglés'' yéetel ''francés'', yéetel yaan u ya’ab jejeláas miatsilo’ob. Yaan xan u nojoch kaajo’ob je’ex ''Toronto, Montreal'' yéetel ''Vancouver'', tu’ux ku yaantal nojoch ''desarrollo'' ti’ ''ciencia, educación'' yéetel ''tecnología''. == k’ajóolta’an tumen == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Canadá, bosques 1996 03.jpg|K'aax File:'Canadian Rockies 03.jpg|Witsilo’ob Rockies File:Mount-Yamnuska2-Szmurlo.jpg|Witsilo’ob Kananaskis File:Río Tutshi, Columbia Británica, Canadá, 2017-08-26, DD 78.jpg|Áalkab ja’ File:Lago Esmeralda, Yukón, Canadá, 2017-08-26, DD 129.jpg|''Lago Esmeralda'' File:Lago Laberge, Yukón, Canadá, 2017-08-26, DD 162.jpg|''Lago Laberge'' </gallery> == U nojoch kaajo’ob yéetel ciencia, educación, tecnología == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Toronto Skyline March 2023 14.jpg|Toronto, ja'ab 2023 File:Kondiaronk Belvedere, Montreal city, Canada.jpg|Montreal File:Skyline of Vancouver, BC.jpg|''Vancouver'' File:2014 AGM SCWIST (Society for Canadian Women in Science and Technology).jpg|Múuch’kabil x-ko’olelo’ob c''anadienses'' ichil u na’atikil yéetel u meyajil nu’ukulil ts’áak yéetel ''ciencia'' File:Canada Education Park 025 (6176531842).jpg|''Educación'' File:MINISTRO DE DEFENSA INAUGURÓ EL V SALÓN INTERNACIONAL DE TECNOLOGÍA PARA LA DEFENSA (17464288088).jpg|U V ''salón internacional'' ti’al u nu’ukulil kanáantba’al </gallery> == K’ajlay ==<!--Historia--> == U Xookil Lu'umil Kaab ==<!--Geografía--> == U Xookil Taak'inil Meyaj ==<!--Economía--> == Almejen ==<!--Política--> == Ka'ambes ==<!--Educación--> == Miats ==<!--Cultura--> == Báaxalo'ob ==<!--Deportes--> == Je'el u páajtal a wilik xan ==<!--Ver también--> == U Ts'íibil Ju'un ==<!--Bibliografía--> == Tu'ux ch'a'aba'an lela' == {{Wp/yua/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Ameerika]] {{INTERWIKI|Q16}} 7rglzh0uhigc1vxf56gk1duyafa3rh9 0 105176 7386345 7288112 2026-11-09T19:58:46Z ChanSíinik 2721167 Ortografía 7386345 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''U Lu'umil Albaniae''''<br>'''Republika e Shqipërisë'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Albania.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="100px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Albania.svg|90px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | Lakam | align="center" width="100px" | Chimal |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[image:Location Albania Europe.png|300px]] |} '''''Albania''''' (''griego'' t'aan: ''Republika e Shqipërisë'') u k'aaba' jump'éel lu'umil ich [[Wp/yua/Europa|''Europa'']]. Xook yéetel 2.743.807 utia'al wíinik. [[File:Albania-map.png|left|thumb|Tu'ux yaan]] Jump'éel nojoch lu'um yaan tu nojolak'iin ''Europa'', ichil u ''península Balcanes''. U noj kaajil leti' ''Tirana''. Yaan ti' u tsolxikin le ''maares Adriático'' yéetel ''Jónico'', yéetel k'ajóolta'an tumen u nojoch wits'o'ob, u ki'ichpan najlu'umil ti' táan kaab, u ts'íibta'an ''historia'' yéetel u ''patrimonio cultural''. '''''Albania''''' ts'ook u ts'aik u ''independencia'' tu ja'abil 1912, yéetel bejla'e' jump'éel ''República Parlamentaria''. U t'aan ''oficial'' leti' ''albanés'' yéetel u taak'in leti' ''Lek''. [[File:Albania-200lek.jpg|left|thumb|''Lek'' (u taak'in)]] == Tu'ux ch'a'aba'an lela' ==<!--Referencias--> {{Wp/yua/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Noj lu'umilo'ob]] {{INTERWIKI|Q222}} n143l8vwfox65497jp2q9m10561k0bv 0 106115 7386382 7296085 2026-11-09T20:54:03Z ChanSíinik 2721167 ortografía y actualización de dato de población 7386382 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Chak’an Putum'''</big> |- | style="background:#ffffff;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Campeche.svg|120px]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | |} '''''Chak’an Putum''''' yéetel ''Champotón'' (''káastlan t'aan'') u k'aaba' jump'éel lu'umil ich [[Wp/yua/Kampeech|Kampeech]]. Xook yéetel 78.170 utia'al wíiniko'ob. Leti’ u noj kaajil le méek’tánkaajil ''Champotón'' ti’ Káampech, yaan tu chi’ le nojoch k’áak’náab ''México''. Tu úuchben k’iino’ob k’aaba’an ''Chakán Putum'', jump’éel k’aaba’ maya ku ya’ala’al “lu’umil wa kúuchil ti’ chakán (''sabana'')”. Le kaajo’ jach ''importante'' tu úuchben tsikbalil, tumen tu ja’abil 1517 túumben u yúuchul le ''batalla'' k’aaba’an ''Mala Pelea'', tu’ux le maya wíiniko’ob tu jets’o’ob u p’íitil le ''españoles''o’ob. [[File:Campeche, Champotón (11967887144).jpg|thumb|''Champotón'']] [[File:Champoton - Plaza al Noche.jpg|thumb|''Champotón'' – K’íiwik tu ak’ab]] [[File:Baile Campeche Champoton.jpg|left|thumb|Óok’ot ''Campeche, Champotón'']] [[File:Batalla de Champotón.jpg|thumb|U ba’atelil ''Champotón'']] ''Champotón''o’ k’ajóolta’an tumen u jach utsil yuumil lu’um, u chi’ k’áak’náabo’ob, le Yuk Champotón yéetel u meyajilo’ob kaay (''pesca'') yéetel pa’akal (kool). Bey xan ku kanáantik u suukilo’ob, u janalil ichil kaay yéetel u nojoch maya miatsil. == Tu'ux ch'a'aba'an lela' == {{Wp/yua/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/yua]] {{INTERWIKI|Q584115}} tc0v7aovlzlj2roogx22tw3lpvgw49e 0 107416 7386343 7365748 2026-11-09T19:48:50Z ChanSíinik 2721167 Ortografía 7386343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/yua/Kaajil MEX |nombre = Akil |mapa = <mapframe frameless align=center width=250 height=250 zoom=13 latitude=20.2642 longitude=-89.3470 /> |población = 12,022 <small>(tu ja'abil 2020)</small><ref>Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. [https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/geo2/ahl/ «Archivo histórico de localidades»].</ref> }} '''Akil'''e' jump'éel sijnáal maaya kaaj, ba'ale' ma' ts'íibta'an je'el bix jets'a'anil ichil u nu'ukbesajil u ts'íibta'al maayat'aan, tumen uti'al u k'aaba' kaajo'obe' ma' tu chíimpolta'al.<ref>Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. «[https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225830/http://mapserver.inegi.gob.mx/geografia/espanol/estados/yuc/divismpal.cfm?c=1206&e=31&CFID=1993439&CFTOKEN=83113576 Aspectos geográficos de Yucatán. Divisón Municipal]». Káastlan t'aan.</ref> U méektankaajil Akile’ táakbesa'an ichil le 106 méek'tankaajo'ob yaan tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]'', ''México''. Ti’ yaan tu noojolil le lu’umila'. Ku p’áatal ichil 20° 14’ yéetel 20°22 ''latitud'' xamáan yéetel le ''meridianos'' 89° 18’ yéetel 89° 26’ ''longitud'' chik’in ku kaxpajaal ichil jump’éel kan k’aal naachil ti' u ''direccioni''’ lak’in tu kaajil [[Wp/yua/Jo', Yucatán|Jo’]]. == Tu'ux ch'a'abij == {{Wp/yua/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/U kaajilo'ob Yucatán]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8192621}} l1r14g7x97ouxcjhi3n18pai032paer 0 107425 7386299 7354402 2026-11-09T17:38:20Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386299 wikitext text/x-wiki Ich kastelan t'aane': ''Hamaca''. Le '''k'áan'''o' tu lu'umil ''Yucatan''e' jump'éel nu'ukulil uti'al u chital máak u je'elsubáaj béeyxan uti'al u yúuchul wenel. Le ''k’áan''o' jump'éel ichil le ba'alo'ob jach k’ajóolta’an yéetel ku k'a'abeetkúunsa'al tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]''. Kex ma' jump'éel ba'al síija'an tu lu'umil ''Yucatan''e' jump'éel ba’al jach k’a’ana’an ichil u kuxtal le máako’obo' Ka'ach úuche' suuk u wak'a'al yéetel ''hilo''’ob kij wa ''maguey'', bejla'e' yéetel ''algodón,'' ''nylon wáa kroxet'', jeejeláas u p'íisil ku beeta'al, boonil yéetel ts'íibil, yéetel ku meyaj ti’al u janal k’áax yéetel u wenel máak tumen ku ts’áaik ma’alob ik’ ichil le k’iin jach chak tu lu’umil. Le wak' k'áan (''urdido'') yéetel le meyaj k’áan’o’ leti’ xan juntúul nojoch meyaj ''artesanal'' ku ts’áaik u kuxtal ya’ab ''familia''o’ob máaya ti´le kúuchilo'ob bey [[Wp/yua/Tixkokob|Tixkokob]], [[Wp/yua/Teabo|Teabo]] yéetel [[Wp/yua/Chumayel|Chumayel]]. == K'ajlayil == Ka'ach úuchile' ku beeta'al le ''k'áan''o' yéetel u sóoskilil kij, bejla'e' yéetel ''hilo''. Le k'áano' jump'éel nu'ukulil suuk u meyajta'al tumen le maaya'ob yéetel uláak' kaajo'ob u tia'al u jóok'sa'al u t'aanil yéetel u k'aayil. Le sóoskilil kijo' ku meyajta'al tumen ku yaantal u muuk' yéetel ku béeytal u tsolik u juum le ''k'áan''o'. Bejla'e', ya'ab máak ku meyajtik hilo, tumen ku séeb kaxta'al yéetel ku yáantik u beetik k'áano'ob jejeláas u nojochil yéetel u juumil. Le ''k'áan''o' yaan u k'a'abetil ichil u kuxtal le ''maaya''<nowiki/>'ob, tumen ku meyajta'al ti' u k'a'ayil, u cha'anil yéetel ichil k'iino'ob noj k'a'ajsaj. U juum le k'áano' ku yáantik u ts'áabal óol yéetel u tsolik tsikbal, tumen ichil le kaajo'obo' le k'aayo'obo' yéetel le k'áano'obo' ku bisiko'ob u k'ajlayil yéetel u na'atikil u kuxtal. Ti' u meyajil le ''k'áan''o' jach k'a'abet u tsolik ma'alob le sóoskilil wa le ''hilo'', tumen u tsolik le k'aaxilo' ku beetik u juum ma'alob. Bey xan, ku chíikpajal bix le nu'ukulo'obo' ku k'exel yéetel u suut u yila'al ti' u k'iinilo'ob, ba'ale' u noj k'a'abetil ku p'áatal: u beetik u juum yéetel u kaláantik u kuxtal yéetel u k'ajlayil le kaajo'ob. == k’áano’ob == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Tejedora de hamaca.jpg File:Brightly Colored Hammocks with Indigenous Women on a Break - San Cristobal de las Casas - Chiapas - Mexico (15034355973).jpg File:Artesania Wayuú (Museo Lia Bermudez) - Edo. Zulia.jpg File:La señora de la hamaca -Yucatán.jpg File:Baby in a hammock with mother in a hut in Laos.jpg File:Isla Mujeres hammock 2003.jpg File:SVhammocks.jpg File:Hamacas en Los Llanos.jpeg File:Antigua Guatemala Aug 1980 Hammock Rest.jpg File:River Kwai Hammock (88467969).jpeg File:CrochetHammock.jpg File:Nena.jpg </gallery> == Suukila'an meyaj ba'alo'ob == Ti' le wak' ''k'áan'' (''urdido'') k'abet ya'ab suukila'an meyaj ba'alo'ob. Le ''máas'' ''importante''<nowiki/>' leti' le ''bastidor''il che', ts'áabal tumen ''postes'' yéetel ''largueros'' uti'al u meyajtal u nojchajil yéetel u paakatil le t'ub. Bey xan k'abet le púuts', ''aguja'' wa ''lanzadera'', tu'ux ku bóobal le k'áax ''hilo'' uti'al u wak' le k'áan, yéetel le ''hilo'' tu'ux ku meyajta'al le t'ub. Le meyaj ba'alo'ob jump'éel ''parte'' ti' le noj óolal ''artesanal'' ku k'a'ansikta'al tumen máako'ob ''maaya''o'ob tu láakal ''generaciono'ob.''<gallery mode="nolines"> File:Copia (2) de DSC08077.JPG File:Urdiendo historias.jpg File:Creando paz.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Ba'alo'ob]] {{INTERWIKI|Q193823}} nfqhicrkov7rryjvank4wropjy90g9s 7386301 7386299 2026-11-09T18:03:47Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386301 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tixkokob, Yucatán (15).jpg|thumb|Tixkokob]] Ich kastelan t'aane': ''Hamaca''. Le '''k'áan'''o' tu lu'umil ''Yucatan''e' jump'éel nu'ukulil uti'al u chital máak u je'elsubáaj béeyxan uti'al u yúuchul wenel. Le ''k’áan''o' jump'éel ichil le ba'alo'ob jach k’ajóolta’an yéetel ku k'a'abeetkúunsa'al tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]''. Kex ma' jump'éel ba'al síija'an tu lu'umil ''Yucatan''e' jump'éel ba’al jach k’a’ana’an ichil u kuxtal le máako’obo' [[File:Teabo, EL mercado.jpg|thumb|Teabo]] Ka'ach úuche' suuk u wak'a'al yéetel ''hilo''’ob kij wa ''maguey'', bejla'e' yéetel ''algodón,'' ''nylon wáa kroxet'', jeejeláas u p'íisil ku beeta'al, boonil yéetel ts'íibil, yéetel ku meyaj ti’al u janal k’áax yéetel u wenel máak tumen ku ts’áaik ma’alob ik’ ichil le k’iin jach chak tu lu’umil. [[File:Copia (2) de DSC08077.JPG|thumb|Chumayel]] Le wak' k'áan (''urdido'') yéetel le meyaj k’áan’o’ leti’ xan juntúul nojoch meyaj ''artesanal'' ku ts’áaik u kuxtal ya’ab ''familia''o’ob máaya ti´le kúuchilo'ob bey [[Wp/yua/Tixkokob|Tixkokob]], [[Wp/yua/Teabo|Teabo]] yéetel [[Wp/yua/Chumayel|Chumayel]]. == K'ajlayil == Ka'ach úuchile' ku beeta'al le ''k'áan''o' yéetel u sóoskilil kij, bejla'e' yéetel ''hilo''. Le ''k'áan''o' jump'éel nu'ukulil suuk u meyajta'al tumen le maaya'ob yéetel uláak' kaajo'ob u tia'al u jóok'sa'al u t'aanil yéetel u k'aayil. Le sóoskilil kijo' ku meyajta'al tumen ku yaantal u muuk' yéetel ku béeytal u tsolik u juum le ''k'áan''o'. Bejla'e', ya'ab máak ku meyajtik hilo, tumen ku séeb kaxta'al yéetel ku yáantik u beetik k'áano'ob jejeláas u nojochil yéetel u juumil. Le ''k'áan''o' yaan u k'a'abetil ichil u kuxtal le ''maaya''<nowiki/>'ob, tumen ku meyajta'al ti' u k'a'ayil, u cha'anil yéetel ichil k'iino'ob noj k'a'ajsaj. U juum le k'áano' ku yáantik u ts'áabal óol yéetel u tsolik tsikbal, tumen ichil le kaajo'obo' le k'aayo'obo' yéetel le k'áano'obo' ku bisiko'ob u k'ajlayil yéetel u na'atikil u kuxtal. Ti' u meyajil le ''k'áan''o' jach k'a'abet u tsolik ma'alob le sóoskilil wa le ''hilo'', tumen u tsolik le k'aaxilo' ku beetik u juum ma'alob. Bey xan, ku chíikpajal bix le nu'ukulo'obo' ku k'exel yéetel u suut u yila'al ti' u k'iinilo'ob, ba'ale' u noj k'a'abetil ku p'áatal: u beetik u juum yéetel u kaláantik u kuxtal yéetel u k'ajlayil le kaajo'ob. == k’áano’ob == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Brightly Colored Hammocks with Indigenous Women on a Break - San Cristobal de las Casas - Chiapas - Mexico (15034355973).jpg File:Hamacas guarayas en Artecampo - Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.jpg File:SVhammocks.jpg File:La señora de la hamaca -Yucatán.jpg File:Baby in a hammock with mother in a hut in Laos.jpg File:Isla Mujeres hammock 2003.jpg File:Artesania Wayuú (Museo Lia Bermudez) - Edo. Zulia.jpg File:Hamacas en Los Llanos.jpeg File:Antigua Guatemala Aug 1980 Hammock Rest.jpg File:River Kwai Hammock (88467969).jpeg File:Delux Hammock.jpg File:CrochetHammock.jpg File:Bacalar 2020 - Water Hammock in the Lagoon.jpg File:Nena.jpg </gallery> == Suukila'an meyaj ba'alo'ob == Ti' le wak' ''k'áan'' (''urdido'') k'abet ya'ab suukila'an meyaj ba'alo'ob. Le ''máas'' ''importante''<nowiki/>' leti' le ''bastidor''il che', ts'áabal tumen ''postes'' yéetel ''largueros'' uti'al u meyajtal u nojchajil yéetel u paakatil le t'ub. Bey xan k'abet le púuts', ''aguja'' wa ''lanzadera'', tu'ux ku bóobal le k'áax ''hilo'' uti'al u wak' le k'áan, yéetel le ''hilo'' tu'ux ku meyajta'al le t'ub. Le meyaj ba'alo'ob jump'éel ''parte'' ti' le noj óolal ''artesanal'' ku k'a'ansikta'al tumen máako'ob ''maaya''o'ob tu láakal ''generaciono'ob.''<gallery mode="nolines"> File:Hamaca en proceso - Tixméhuac Yucatán.jpg File:Tejedora de hamaca.jpg File:Urdiendo historias.jpg File:Creando paz.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Ba'alo'ob]] {{INTERWIKI|Q193823}} 6ln5nnm4s6l1grwpn7ct9jtr32f4bwv 0 107976 7386316 7295943 2026-11-09T18:39:40Z ChanSíinik 2721167 Cambios en ortografía y cambios en palabras en español por maayat'aan 7386316 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Caracas'''</big> |- | style="background:#ffffff;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Caracas.svg|125px]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Av Bolivar caracas2.jpg|300px]] |} '''''Caracas''''' u k'aaba' jump'éel lu'umil ich [[Wp/yua/Benesueela|''Benesueelae'']]'. Xook yéetel '''2,223,474''' utia'al wíiniko'ob. Leti’ u noj kaajil ''Venezuela'' yéetel jump’éel ti’ le kaajo’ob jach ''importantes'' tu ''nojol América''. Yaan ichil jump’éel jo’ol k’áax tu yáanal witsilo’ob yéetel najil ti’ le k’áak’náab ''Caribe''. Ts’aab u k’aaba’ tu ja’abil 1567 bey ''Santiago de León de Caracas'' tumen Diego de Losada. Bejla’e’, leti’ le noj kúuchil ti’ u meyajil ''política, economía'', miatsil yéetel xook ti’ ''Venezuela''. [[File:Caracas in Venezuela (1856).svg|thumb|Tu'ux yaan ''Caracas'']] [[File:Museo de Bellas Artes de Caracas.jpg|thumb|''Museo de Bellas Artes'' |left]] [[File:Teatro Municipal de Caracas 2010 este.JPG|thumb|''Teatro Municipal'' |left]] [[File:Panoramic view of Miranda Park, Caracas.JPG|thumb|''Parque'' Miranda]] [[File:Church in Caracas 1.jpg|left|thumb|U najil k'uj ''Caracas'']] '''''Caracas''''' yaan u ya’ab úuchben najilo’ob yéetel u noj miatsil. Ichil u k’ajóolta’an kúuchilo’ob yaan u naj tu síijil Simón Bolívar, le naj k’uj '''''Caracas''''' yéetel ya’ab ''museos, teatros'' yéetel ''parques''. Le kaajo’ jach k'a'ana'an tu tsikbalil ''Venezuela'' yéetel tu p’íitil u ''independencia''il ''América del Sur''. == Tu'ux ch'a'aba'an lela' == {{Wp/yua/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/yua]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1533}} b9yi8kkp28i1yuhqyaulca2nv59jtf0 0 114722 7386359 7296995 2026-11-09T20:16:31Z ChanSíinik 2721167 Ortografía 7386359 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Noj Molay Lu'umile' Chad'''<br>'''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Chad.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Chad.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | Lakam | align="center" width="140px" | Chimal |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[image:LocationChad.svg|300px]] |} '''''Chad''''' u '''Noj Molay Lu'umile' Chad''' (''árabe'' t'aan: ''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'') u k'aaba' jump'éel lu'umil ich [[Wp/yua/Áfrikaa|Áfrikaa]]. Xook yéetel '''21.560.380''' utia'al wíinik. Leti’ jump’éel noj lu’um yaan tu chúumuk yéetel tu xamanil ''África'', mina'an u chi’ k’áak’náab. U noj kaajil leti’ N'Djamena. U lu’umil yaan jejeláas u yich: le ''Sahara'' k’áaxo’ yaan tu xamanil, le ''Sahel'' yaan tu chúumuk yéetel le lu’umilo’ob más ki’ichpam yaan tu nojolil. U t’aano’ob ''oficiales'' leti’ ''francés'' yéetel ''árabe'', ba’ale’ yaan ya’ab u láak’ t’aano’ob ku t’aanil tumen u kajtalilo’ob. [[File:Chad political map 1991 (CIA).png|thumb|''Chad'']] [[File:Storm clouds over N'Djamena (15386229016).jpg|thumb|''N'Djamena''|left]] [[File:Camel caravan going through sand in the Sahara Desert.jpg|thumb|''Sahara''|left]] [[File:S66-38444 Lake Chad.jpg|thumb|''Lago Chad''|left]] [[File:Les chameaux et les chevaux mobilisés pour le campagne 10.jpg|thumb|Le ''camello''’ob yéetel le tsíimin táakpaja’ano’ob ti’al le ''campaña'']] ''Chade''’ yaan u noj miatsil yéetel ya’ab jejeláas máako’ob yéetel u suukilo’ob. U ''principales'' meyajilo’ob leti’ pa’akal, wakaxil yéetel u meyajil ''petróleo''. U k’aaba’ ku taal ti’ le ''Lago Chad'', jump’éel nojoch kúuchil ja’ jach ''importante'' ti’ le lu’umo’, yéetel tu káajal u ''independencia'' ti’ ''Francia'' tu ja’abil 1960. == Tu'ux ch'a'aba'an lela' ==<!--Referencias--> {{Wp/yua/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Noj lu'umilo'ob]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Áfrikaa]] {{INTERWIKI|Q657}} j3r5dpa8qrmrsi8eps65hybtzzxjbyf 0 114789 7386331 7288106 2026-11-09T19:02:04Z ChanSíinik 2721167 Ortografía 7386331 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Xóot Noj Lu'umil Alaska'''<br>'''State of Alaska'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Alaska.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Seal of the State of Alaska.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | Lakam | align="center" width="140px" | Chimal |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[image:Map of USA AK.svg|300px]] |- ! style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Wíinik | style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | 710.231 |- ! style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Ich | style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | 1.717.854 [[Wp/yua/km²|km²]] |- ! style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Aj Noj Kaaj | style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | [[Wp/yua/Jueneau|Juneau]] |- ! style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Aj Jala'ach Wíinik | style="border-top: solid 1px #f5f9f9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | |- |} [[File:Lago Plateado, Parque nacional y reserva Wrangell-San Elías, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-22, DD 122-127 PAN.jpg|thumb|''Lago'' ]] [[File:Glaciar Margerie, Parque Nacional Bahía del Glaciar, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-19, DD 36-40 PAN.jpg|left|thumb|''Glaciar'']] [[File:Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Surveys The Landscape (23484121868).jpg|thumb|left|Ch'omak]] '''''Alaska''''' (íinglese' t'aan: ''State of Alaska'') u k'aaba' jump'éel lu'umil ich [[Wp/yua/Nuupul Lu'umilo'ob Amérikaa|Nuupul Lu'umilo'ob Amérikaa]]. Xook yéetel '''738,003''' utia'al wíinik. [[File:Bald eagle in Alaska 2016-3.jpg|thumb|Koos]] [[File:Polar bear in Arctic Alaska.jpg|thumb|left|''Oso'']] [[File:Inupiat Family from Noatak, Alaska, 1929, Edward S. Curtis (restored).jpg|thumb|Inuit]] '''''Alaskae'''''' le ''estado'' maas nojocho' ti' ''Estados Unidos'', yaan tu xnojol-oeste ti' ''América del Norte''. U noj kaajilil (''capital'') leti' Juneau. K'ajóolta'an tumen u jach ki'ichpan lu'umilo'ob ''naturales'', yaan tu'ux nojoch wits'o'ob, ''glaciareso'ob'', k'áaxo'ob, ''lagunaso'ob'' yéetel ya'ab ba'alche'o'ob. Ti' u ''principales'' meyajo'ob ''económicos'' yaan ''pesca'', ''turismo'' yéetel ''producción'' ti' ''petróleo''. '''Alaska''' ts'ook u yokol bey le ''estado'' 49 ti' ''Estados Unidos'' tu ja'abil 1959. == Referencias == {{Wp/yua/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Nuupul Xóot' Noj Lu'umilo'obo']] {{INTERWIKI|Q797}} 2fbhz51zeg2j8yx691ncua8oykknb9j 0 117527 7386249 7349367 2026-11-09T15:02:50Z ChanSíinik 2721167 Cambios en ortografía y gramática para eliminar palabras en español y añadirlas en maayat'aan 7386249 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''U Lu'umil Burindi''''<br>'''République du Burundi'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Burundi.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | Lakam | align="center" width="140px" | Chimal |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[image:LocationBurundi.svg|300px]] |} [[File:La dance tradionel au burundi au niveau de la ceremonie de mariage.jpg|thumb|251x251px|U yóok'otil u miatsil]] [[File:Café Burundi 27.jpg|thumb|''Café Burundi'' |left]] '''''Burundi''''' (sotoo t'aan:''République du Burundi'') u k'aaba' jump'éel lu'umil ich [[Wp/yua/Áfrikaa|''Áfrikaa'']]. Xook yéetel 65.073.482 utia'al wíinik. Jump’éel nojoch lu’um yaan tu ''África oriental'', ma’ tu chi’ k’áak’náabi'. Ku tséel ti’ ''Ruanda, Tanzania yéetel República Democrática del Congo''. U noj kaajil leti’ ''Gitega''. [[File:Burundi - Lake Tanganyika fisheries.jpg|thumb|''Lago Tanganyika''|left]] [[File:Burundi Traditional Dance Performance by Ndere Troupe 12.jpg|thumb|Óok’oto’ob]] '''''Burundi''''' jump’éel lu’um jach witsil yéetel ya’ab jejeláas ''naturaleza'', yéetel ''colinas, valles'' yéetel u chi’ le ''lago Tanganyika'', jump’éel ti’ le ''lagos'' jach ''profundo’ob'' yóok’ol kaab. U ''economía'' ku p’áatal principalmente ti’ ''agricultura,'' ya'ab ku meyajtiko'ob ''café'' yéetel ''té''. Bey xan k’ajóolta’an tumen u miatsil, je’ex u paax yéetel u óok’oto’ob tumen ''tambor'', ku yantal u ''valor histórico'' yéetel ''ceremonial''. ---- == Tu'ux ch'a'aba'an lela' ==<!--Referencias--> {{Wp/yua/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Noj lu'umilo'ob]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Áfrikaa]] {{INTERWIKI|Q967}} 3vdkmtweikjquj7n41aitcf4hlp3szn 0 117800 7386250 7383057 2026-11-09T15:10:42Z ChanSíinik 2721167 Ortografía y algunas palabras 7386250 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Beeljika''''' (fráanses t'aan: ''Royaume de Belgique'') {{Wp/yua/Kaaj | nombre = Beeljika | unidad = Noj lu'umil | latitud = 50.5039 | longitud = 4.4699 | imagen = Grand-Place, Brussels - panorama, June 2018.jpg | bandera = Belgica 1789.png | escudo = Great coat of arms of Belgium.svg | artículo escudo = U escudoile' kantúul leono'ob | lema = "L'union fait la force" (ich fráances t'aan), "Eendracht maakt maacht" (ich nerláandes t'aan) wáa "Einigkeit macht stark" (ich aaleman t'aan) | zoom mapa = 5 | capital = Bruselas | superficie = • Total 30 528[1] km² • Ja' 6.20% | población = • Estimación (2023) 11 754 004 wíiniko'ob • Censo (2021) 11 522 000 wíiniko'ob | densidad = • Densidad (est.) 377 | nombre original = Koninkrijk België (nerláandes t'aan) Royaume de Belgique (fáances t'aan) Königreich Belgien (aaleman t'aan) }} u k'aaba' jump'éel lu'umil ich [[Wp/yua/Ewropa|''Ewropa'']]. Xook yéetel 65.073.482 utia'al wíinik. [[File:Catedral de San Miguel y Santa Gúdula de Bruselas, Bélgica, 2021-12-14, DD 10-12 HDR.jpg|thumb|U Noj K'ujil San Miguel yéetel Santa Gúdula ti' Bruselas]] [[File:Belgian Chocolate Village.jpg|thumb|U Kaajil ''Chocoláte Belga''|left]] [[File:Gaufre de Brussel.001 - Brussel.jpg|thumb|''Waffles'']] [[File:Antwerp Belgium Het-Steen-01.jpg|thumb|''Antwerp Belgium Het-Steen''|left]] [[File:AfricaMuseum - 2023-02-09 - 03.jpg|thumb|U ''múuseo''il ''África, Bélgica''|left]] Jump'éel nojoch lu'um yaan tu tséelil ''Europa''. U noj kaajil leti' ''Bruselas'', tu'ux yaan xan k'ananil u kuchiloob ''internacionales''. '''''Bélgica''''' k'ajóolta'an tumen u jejeláas ''culturas'' yéetel t'aano'ob, tumen yaan óoxp'éel t'aano'ob ''oficiales: neerlandés, francés'' yéetel ''alemán''. Le nojoch lu'umo' jach k'ajóolta'an tumen u ''arquitectura histórica'', u kaajo'ob ''medievales'' yéetel u janalo'ob ''tradicionales'' je'ex ''chocolate'' yéetel ''waffles''. Bey xan, '''''Bélgica''''' yaan u nojoch kúuchil ichil ''política'' yéetel ''economía europea''.[[File:Edificios en la Grand-Place, Bruselas, Bélgica, 2021-12-15, DD 184-186 HDR.jpg|thumb|252x252px|''Gran Palacio, Bruselas, Bélgica'']] == Tu'ux ch'a'aba'an lela' ==<!--Referencias--> {{Wp/yua/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Europa]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Noj lu'umilo'ob]] {{INTERWIKI|Q31}} ki9dq3onorngxnyu1pk6023r6nawcsk 0 117808 7386248 7290761 2026-11-09T14:47:50Z ChanSíinik 2721167 Cambios menores de ortografía y gramática 7386248 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''República de Bulgaria'''<br>'''''Republika Bǎlgariya'''''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Bulgaria.svg|125x125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | Lakam | align="center" width="140px" | Chimal |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Bulgaria in European Union.svg|300x300px]] |} '''''Bulgaria''''' u k'aaba' jump'éel lu'umil ich ''[[Wp/yua/Europa|Ewropa]]''. Xook yéetel 65.073.482 utia'al wíinik. Jump’éel nojoch lu’um yaan tu ''suresteil Europa'', ichil u ''regiónil Balcanes''. Ku tséel ti’ ''Rumania, Serbia, Macedonia del Norte, Grecia'' yéetel ''Turquía'', yéetel yaan u chi’ ti’ ''mar Negro''. U noj kaajil leti’ Sofía. [[File:First Bulgarian Empire (976-1018).png|thumb|''Primer Imperio Búlgaro'']] [[File:Panoramic view over central Sofia and the Vitosha Mountain 2017-10-08.jpg|thumb|Kaaj Sofía|left]] [[File:Cyrillic alternates.svg|left|thumb|U jejeláasil u ts’íibil ''cirílico'']] [[File:Rila Monastery, August 2013.jpg|thumb|''Monasterio'' Rila, ja'ab 2013]] ''Bulgaria'' jump’éel ti’ le lu’umo’ob jach ''antiguo’ob'' ti’ ''Europa'', yéetel u ''historia'' ku taal ''desde'' ''Primer Imperio Búlgaro''. U ''cultura'' ku p’áatal ti’ mezclail ''tradiciones eslavas'' yéetel ''tracias'', yéetel k’ajóolta’an tumen u ''alfabeto cirílico'', u ''monasterios ortodoxos'' yéetel u witsilo’ob. Bejla’e’, u ''economía'' ku p’áatal ti’ ''industria, agricultura'' yéetel ''servicios''. ----'''Vocabulario:''' == Tu'ux ch'a'aba'an lela' ==<!--Referencias--> {{Wp/yua/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Noj lu'umilo'ob]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Europa]] {{INTERWIKI|Q219}} h6cbfmhrwupfevb0ih3o7ugu5dd3c1z 0 120732 7386300 7363275 2026-11-09T17:59:14Z ChanSíinik 2721167 Cambios en ortografía y cambios en palabras en español por maayat'aan 7386300 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Cataluña'''<br></big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Catalonia.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of Arms of Catalonia.svg|100px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | Lakam | align="center" width="140px" | Chimal |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[image:Localización de Cataluña.svg|300px]] |} '''''Cataluña''''' (katalan t'aan: ''Cataluña'') u k'aaba' jump'éel lu'umil ich [[Wp/yua/Europa|''Europa'']]. Xook yéetel 40.914.000 utia'al wíinik. Jump'éel ''comunidad autónoma'' yaan tu xaman nojolil ''[[Wp/yua/España|España]]''. Ku láak'lu'umtak yéetel ''[[Wp/yua/Francia|Francia]]'' yéetel ''[[Wp/yua/Andorra|Andorra]]'' tu xaman, yéetel ''Aragón'', ''Comunidad Valenciana'' yéetel le Láak'naab ''Mediterráneo''. U noj kaajil leti' ''Barcelona'', jump'éel ti' le maas nojoch yéetel maas k'ajóolta'an kaajo'ob ichil ''Europa'' tumen u k'ajlayil, u meyajil tojol yéetel u ''turismo''. Ti' ''Cataluña'' ku t'aaniko'ob ''maas'' le katalan t'aan (''català'') yéetel ''español'' (''castellano''). Katalan t'aan leti' jump'éel t'aan ''romance'' ku meyajta'al ichil najil ka'ansaj, noj naajil xook'', gobierno'' yéetel u nu'ukulilo'ob t'aan. Bey xan, ku kanáanta'al tumen yaan u noj k'a'abetil ti' u k'ajlayil yéetel u yuumilil le máasewalo'ob. [[File:Barcelona 330DSC 0512 (49877417757).jpg|thumb|''Barcelona'']] Le lu'umilo' yaan u ya'ab k'ajlayil. Ti' yaan ya'ab najilo'ob úuchben, kúuchilo'ob ''arqueológicos, museos'' yéetel yotoch Yuum. Le máasewalo'ob ku kanáantiko'ob u jejeláas súukilo'ob, u paaxilo'ob yéetel u k'iino'ob. Ichil le jach k'ajóolta'an meyajo'ob yaan le pa’ob (''castillos''), ba'ax leti' u nojochkuunsik ''torres'' ku beeta'al tumen máako'ob, yéetel ''La Sardana'', jump'éel paax ku báaxalo'ob ichil múuch' meyaj. [[File:Monument a la Sardana (Montjuïc) 01.JPG|thumb|''K'ajlayil ti' le Sardana, Barcelona'']] Le ''economía'' ti' ''Cataluña'' jach muuk'. Yaan ya'ab meyajil ''industria,'' konol, kool, ''tecnología'' yéetel ''turismo''. Ku pak'iko'ob ''uvas, olivos, trig''o yéetel uláak' pak'alo'ob, bey xan ku beetiko'ob ''vino, aceite'' ti' ''oliva'' yéetel ya'ab ba'alo'ob ku kono'ob ti' ya'ab noj lu'umo'ob.<gallery mode="nolines"> File:Monastery, Montserrat.jpg|''Monasterio Monserrat'' File:Castillo de Can Jalpí 2020 (1).jpg|''Castillo de Can Jalpí'' File:Roman amphitheatre, Tarragona 57.JPG|Ju'ju'ut ti' ''anfiteatro romano'' ti' ''Tarragona'' File:ES - CT - Tossa de Mar.JPG|K’áaknáab File:Lightshow Museu Nacional D Art De Catalunya (187432239).jpeg|''Museóoj'' File:Aceites DOP Cataluña.svg|''Tu'ux ku meyajta'al u aceiteil oliva'' File:Viñas de Cabrera d'Anoia.jpg|''Viñedo de Cabrera'' File:Catalonia wheat cultivation.JPG|Tu'ux ku pak'alta'al ''trigo'' File:Marserati Gran Turismo.JPG|''Maserati'' ''Gran Turismo'' File:Diada Nacional de Catalunya (6139532197).jpg|U máank'iinal ''Cataluña'' File:Inici del No n'hi ha prou!.jpg|Cha'an kaaj File:Barcelona - Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña (UPC) - Campus Nord - Edificio Nexus I (1).jpg|Noj naajil xook ''Politécnica'' File:Cathedral of Girona (13).jpg|U kili'ich noj najil ''Girona'' File:Sagrada Familia (Diada Nacional de Catalunya de 2012).JPG|Kili'ich láak'tsilil File:Paella day cornudella de montsant 2003.jpg|''Paella'' (janal) </gallery> == U boono'ob == Le ''Cataluña'' yaan xan u noj ''patrimonio natural''. Ti' yaan wits'o'ob, k'áaxo'ob, ya'o'ob yéetel ''playa''s ku yilik ya'ab máako'ob ichil tuláakal ja'ab. Tumen lela', ''Cataluña'' jump'éel lu'um jach k'ajóolta'an tumen u k'ajlayil, u t'aan, u meyajil yéetel u yutsil u lu'umil.<gallery mode="nolines"> File:Desde las montañas de Nuria (Cataluña) - Guadalupe Cervilla.jpg|Wits' ti' ''Nuria'' File:Collet de Guirló (Montserrat).JPG|U kúuchil ''Collet de Guirló (Montserrat)'' File:Montserrat, Catalonia.jpg|''Montserrat'' File:Tossa de Mar - Girona - Catalunya - Spain - panoramio.jpg|''Tosa de Mar, Gerona'' File:Cala Santandria, Menorca - panoramio.jpg|''Cala Santandria, Menorca'' File:View of Sant Feliu de Guíxols beach and marina.jpg|k'áak'náab ja' ''Sant Feliu de Guíxols'' File:Cerbère 035.jpg|U k'áak'náabil le ''mineral''o' </gallery> == Referencias == {{Wp/yua/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Europa]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5705}} 67of9pcq0gqj2yner1izjua15kwuvtr 3 146006 7386252 7386184 2026-11-09T15:55:22Z MediaWiki message delivery 633333 /* Wikidata weekly summary #757 */ new section 7386252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[/Archive|archives]] == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:39, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #682 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-02. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#681]].<br> Help with [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Translations]].''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Wikidata_Translation_Bot|Wikidata Translation Bot]] - task/s: Automate translation of Item Labels and Descriptions across supported languages and submit them using the official Wikidata API. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy|Mass-editing policy]] * Closed request for comments: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Rename_PeakFinder_ID_(P3770)|Rename PeakFinder ID (P3770)]] - Property was renamed. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Domain_name_as_data|Domain name as data]] - property [[d:Property:P13337|domain name (P13337)]] was created. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group event series on the Wikidata Graph Split project. Our first event will include guests from the Wikidata Search team to discuss the recent graph split project. Join us Tuesday, June 3, 2025 at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST (Time zone converter). Please see our [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit project page] for more information and Zoom links. ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #77 June 9 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Q61752245|Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]] ** Revitalizing UK History #June 7 Time 16:00 UTC [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History Revitalizing UK History] * Just missed it? ** Wikidata and Sister Projects: [[d:Event:Wikidata_and_Sister_Projects#Sessions|full day videos and presentation slides are being made available on the program page]]. ** [https://wikimedia.es/evento/concurso-coordinate-me-2025-online/ Coordinate Me 2025], the contest to add [[d:Property:P625|geographic coordinates (P625)]] for countries with low representation has ended. Who will be declared winner? ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://osl.hypotheses.org/16774 Wikidata promotes Sister Projects through interwiki links] SLUB Open Science Lab writer Jens Bemme has put together a comprehensive article covering the recent online event and many examples of Wikidata being used. * Papers ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.21693 MAKIEVAL: A Multilingual Automatic Wikidata-based Framework for Cultural Awareness Evaluation for LLMs] By Zhao et al., (2025) - This paper presents MAKIEVAL, a framework for evaluating cultural awareness in LLMs across languages, showing that models exhibit stronger cultural awareness when prompted in English. ** [https://www.arxiv.org/pdf/2505.19971 Conversational Lexicography: Querying Lexicographic Data on Knowledge Graphs with SPARQL through Natural Language] By Sennrich & Ahmadi (2025) - This paper develops a natural language interface for retrieving lexicographic data from Wikidata, creating a taxonomy and dataset, and evaluating language models, with GPT-3.5-Turbo showing the best generalization despite scalability challenges. ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.23461 UAQFact: Evaluating Factual Knowledge Utilization of LLMs on Unanswerable Questions] By Tan et al., (2025) - This paper introduces UAQFact, a bilingual dataset for evaluating LLMs on unanswerable questions, showing that models struggle to fully utilize stored factual knowledge even with external support. * Videos ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NC6zkOznAeM Listful Thinking:Using Wikidata to support editing workflows] By Dr Thneed ** (French) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sdsPS8Af6YE Using Wikidata to gain visibility on the internet?] By Nelly Darbois ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=BY_2T6yB56Q How to create a SPARQL Query to search Wikidata Item Description] By vlogize ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1j6pHOBRqt0 Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata tutorial for the subject of Virreinal Art] By Luis Alvaz ** [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejPiMknpyQFM43rivJbn33Ff&si=F7kedfs1h48e-xQ7 Wikidata and Sister Projects (YouTube Playlist)] - full daily recordings from the Wikidata and Sister Projects event. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/brawer/wikidata-qrank Wikidata Qrank] is a ranking signal for Wikidata entities. It gets computed by aggregating page view statistics for Wikipedia, Wikitravel, Wikibooks, Wikispecies and other Wikimedia projects. For example, according to the QRank signal, the fictional character Pippi Longstocking ranks lower than Harry Potter, but still much higher than the obscure Äffle & Pferdle. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://www.should-i-watch-this.com Should I watch this?] - Enter a film title or IMDb ID to get a recommendation, uses data from Wikidata. * Job Openings - want to help shape the future of Wikidata or Wikibase? ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/56640059/Software-Engineer-Wikidata-all-genders-?jobDbPVId=220899039&l=en Software Engineer (Wikidata)] ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/55063868/Staff-Engineer-Wikidata-all-genders-?jobDbPVId=209936577&l=en Staff Engineer (Wikidata)] ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/56244967/UX-Designer-Wikibase-Cloud-all-genders-?jobDbPVId=216209752&l=en UX Designer (Wikibase Cloud)] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P13589|‎reason for no value]] (<nowiki>qualifier property to be used with statements having the object "no value", given to provide a reason for "no value"</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P13593|cosplay of]] (<nowiki>characters that are cosplayed in this image or video</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13590|espn.com soccer team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13591|‎Yale LUX ID]], [[:d:Property:P13592|Židovski biografski leksikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P13594|verkiezingsuitslagen database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13595|Norwegian soldier register 1940 ID]], [[:d:Property:P13596|Polish Music Library PBM ID]], [[:d:Property:P13597|‎MCW-PL article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UK Mutual Registration Number|UK Mutual Registration Number]] (<nowiki>identifier for an organisation in the UK's Mutuals Public Register</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scilit organization ID|Scilit organization ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/paleo.ru person ID|paleo.ru person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Assemblée nationale du Québec non-élu|identifiant Assemblée nationale du Québec non-élu]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ThinkyGames genre ID|ThinkyGames genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letopis of MSU person ID|Letopis of MSU person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MAI person ID|MAI person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/istina.msu.ru journal ID|istina.msu.ru journal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MultimediaWiki page ID|MultimediaWiki page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Submarine Cable Map ID|Submarine Cable Map ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nederlands Film Festival person ID|Nederlands Film Festival person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CTS URN|CTS URN]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scientific heritage of Russia person ID|Scientific heritage of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Virtual necropolis of Ukrainian emigration person ID|Virtual necropolis of Ukrainian emigration person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Russian Cycling Federation person ID|Russian Cycling Federation person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Memories of the Gulag and Their Authors person ID|The Memories of the Gulag and Their Authors person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yandex Books author ID|Yandex Books author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Theatre museums of Russia person ID|Theatre museums of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Reabilitovani istoriyeyu person ID|Reabilitovani istoriyeyu person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CARLA ID|CARLA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Boosty author ID|Boosty author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/ELXS All lexemes in Minangkabau (sorted chronologically by their entry time)] ** [https://w.wiki/EMbF Film Directors who are still alive] * Schema examples: ** * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Status_updates/Next WikiProject WordNet] * WikiProject Highlights: ** * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]:[[Wikidata:Database reports/Most linked category items|list of the most linked category page items]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]:[[d:Q18407657| Captain America: Civil War (Q18407657)]] - 22016 film by Anthony and Joe Russo * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1250690|(L1250690) spegnere (L1250690)]] - Italian verb "switch off" or "to die" ''' Development ''' * Vector 2022 skin: We enabled dark mode for Items, Properties and Lexemes on Wikidata ([[phab:T389330]]) * Mobile statement editing: We are continuing with the technical investigation. * Diffs: We merged a volunteer patch by Matěj Suchánek to format quantity diffs a bit more sensibly ([[phab:T394585]]) * Search in the UI: We enabled the new search on https://test.wikidata.org and https://wikidata.beta.wmflabs.org. It lets you easily search in other entity types as well now, not just Items. Please give it a try. * Wikibase REST API: We are continuing the work on integrating simple search, specifically phrase matching ([[phab:T389011]]) * Query Service: We are working on an experiment to add a small dialog to inform people about alternative access methods for very simple queries that don't require SPARQL ([[phab:T391261]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:16, 2 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28806202 --> == Tech News: 2025-23 == <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:51, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:33, 9 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-24 == <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:13, 10 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue V, May 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Enhancing the LGBTQ+ content in Albanian Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Video resource on Wikimedia Brasil and Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Partnership Released * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: SPRINGing back activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library of the CR events and important guests * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Europe report|Europe report]]: DARIAH DHwiki WG coming activity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM project starts with Nanda Talukdar Foundation at Jorhat, Assam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Wiki Month 2025 in Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From charts to concrete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Traditional Albanian Food Photography Competition 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update from Auckland Museum; Let the Wikifying Commence; Listful Thinking * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Architectural Folklore Campaign Series * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Celebrating Museums and strengthening #1Lib1Ref connections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Some news from Spain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Museum Day 2025; CoCreation PTT-Archive; Scoring Girls * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: The 18th language * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring GLAM news from Ukraine – first major survey for GLAM institutions & yet another successful #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: May meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Preparing the data upload * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:00, 10 June 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28809506 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #683 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-10. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#682]].<br> Help with [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Translations]].''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Coinhote|Coinhoe]] - RfP scheduled to end after 10 June 2025 23:49 (UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: New Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group event series on the Wikidata Graph Split project. Our second event will be a conversation with Daniel Mietchen and Lane Rasberry about [https://scholia.toolforge.org/ Scholia], the Wikidata frontend which generates and presents scholarly profiles based on WikiCite content. They'll speak to Scholia's current state and roadmap, with consideration for the recent Wikidata graph split. Tuesday, June 10, 2025 at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST. More info and Zoom links: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit|project page]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://github.com/trokhymovych/wikidata-vandalism-detection Graph-Linguistic Fusion: Using Language Models for Wikidata Vandalism Detection]: resources to reproduce training and evaluation procedure for the paper Graph-Linguistic Fusion: Using Language Models for Wikidata Vandalism Detection ** [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EyInxNXvz3rmmlTeYOKg6Sr5EKG--4mzBXlaz_HhYRY/edit?usp=sharing Cataloguing guidelines for representing the Memory of the World International Register on Wikidata] Google Doc to shape the process of a coming data upload: comments are open. ** [https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/GLAM/Newsletter/May_2025/Contents/Memory_of_the_World_report GLAM:Memory of the World Report:] Hannah Drummen at UNESCO, alongside data expert Martin, has completed a structured dataset of 496 International Register items, ready for bulk upload to Wikidata in June, with an aim to enhance accessibility and define best practices for future updates. ** [[d:outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May_2025/Contents/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library_report|Wikidata QID updates to BHL catalogue]]: The BHL Lead Developer, Mike Lichtenberg, is ensuring periodic Wikidata Qid refreshes in the BHL Catalogue, with the working group advising a downloadable post-refresh report for OpenRefine integration, to be sent to the BHL Metacat group for reconciliation by Siobhan or other Wikidata editors. ** [[d:outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May_2025/Contents/Indonesia_report GLAM Wiki|Wikidata training & Datathon in Indonesia]]: Wikimedia Indonesia hosts WikiLatih Wikidata training to enhance skills in editing Indonesian cultural heritage data on Wikidata, while Datathon challenges participants to make the most edits on museum-related topics in Indonesia. * Papers ** [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40481658/ Wikidata for Botanists: Benefits of collaborating and sharing Linked Open Data] By von Mering et al., (2025) - This paper explores Wikidata as a multilingual open knowledge base for botany, highlighting its role in connecting botanical information across sources, and calling on the botanical community to enhance its content. ** [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-05200-8 CS-KG 2.0: A Large-scale Knowledge Graph of Computer Science] By Dessí et al., (2025) - This paper introduces CS-KG 2.0, an advanced AI-powered knowledge graph built from 15 million research papers, designed to enhance scientific exploration by structuring and interconnecting vast amounts of computer science literature. * Videos ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHhvcvvFPsA Using the Wiki List tool] - GoogleSheet with formulae for retrieving Wikidata values and writing QuickStatements commands. ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0eGNxqvW89M Introduction to Wikidata] By Robin Isadora Brown and Lane Rasberry ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ijwiYthh6CY Wikidata Editing] By Kusaal Wikipedia Community ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=UWuRQstMm8E Federating academic SPARQL searches in Wikidata] By Tiago Lubiana ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://phonemes.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Phonemes] This is the web application developed specifically for Wikidata IOLab. In here you can add phonemes to a whole bunch of languages, basing your work on the work that the brazilian students of their national olympiad did while editing Wikipedia. * [https://www.should-i-watch-this.com/Mission%20Imposible/2018 Should I watch this?] is a tool that helps users decide whether a movie or show is worth watching. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * Newest General datatypes **[[:d:Property:P13598|Guizzi's classification of musical instruments]] (<nowiki>Guizzi's classification system of musical instruments</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13602|single taken from the album]] (<nowiki>indicates the album from which the item is taken</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13599|‎GameSpot platform ID]], [[:d:Property:P13600|‎OberpfalzWiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P13601|‎Private Enterprise Number]], [[:d:Property:P13603|TNT Sports soccer team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13604|‎Fondazione Ragghianti Fototeca image ID]], [[:d:Property:P13605|ROAR ID]], [[:d:Property:P13606|‎15min.lt theme ID]], [[:d:Property:P13607|FMJD person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13608|NAQ non-elected person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13609|paleo.ru person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13610|‎Sierra Wiki article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifier property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteca Pública|Biblioteca Pública]] (<nowiki><nowiki>{{TranslateThis</nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Libretexts ID|Libretexts ID]] (<nowiki>the world's largest collection of free OER textbooks online</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Évêques suisses|identifiant Évêques suisses]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia Galega Universal ID|Enciclopedia Galega Universal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database|Deaf Movie Database]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Affiliated Dissemination of Literacy among Georgians ID|Biographical Dictionary of Affiliated Dissemination of Literacy among Georgians ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Physicians of Georgia ID|Biographical Dictionary of Physicians of Georgia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Athletes of Georgia ID|Biographical Dictionary of Athletes of Georgia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Winemakers of Georgia ID|Biographical Dictionary of Winemakers of Georgia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/matricule number|matricule number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/inn|inn]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Debian Wiki article|Debian Wiki article]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Desura game ID (archived)|Desura game ID (archived)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diccionario de catedráticos españoles de derecho ID|Diccionario de catedráticos españoles de derecho ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/QUDT dimension ID|QUDT dimension ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/ERgB Wikisource transcriptions of texts on the Memory of the World International Register], ([[d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/memory_of_the_world#Wikisource_transcriptions_of_individual_texts|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/4cn2 Bills and coins of Brazilian Real (with pictures)] * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProject]] highlights: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Names/be-tarask Names/Belarusian] - This WikiProject aims to add structured and linguistic data to Wikidata to enable the study of people's names across all time periods, regions, and languages. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q5901134|Ant-Man (Q5901134)]] - 2015 film directed by Peyton Reed ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We are doing initial development focusing on technical investigations and basic UI elements ([[phab:T394292]], [[phab:T394886]]) * Lexemes: We are looking into a rare error when trying to do undo certain Lexeme edits ([[phab:T392372]]) * Watchlist/Recent changes on Wikipedia: We continued working on showing labels instead of IDs in the edit summaries of Wikidata changes that are shown in the watchlist and recent changes of Wikipedia and co ([[phab:T388685]]) * Wikibase REST API: Finishing touches on simple search ([[phab:T383126]]) * Query Service UI: Added experimental popup to point people running very simple queries to other available access methods ([[phab:T391264]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 10 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28846270 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #684 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-16. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#683]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/african-wikimedians@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7ZEIMLZEQXFLSXPT2N6FROB2TCMMKVVW/ GLAM Wiki Conference 2025] - Program Call-for-Proposals: Deadline 15 June. ** [[d:Q134950534|COSCUP 2025 (Q134950534)]] [[m:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikidata Taiwan/COSCUP 2025|Open Street Map x Wikidata Track]] - [[d:Q699543|National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Q699543)]] 9 August - 10 August. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://professional.wiki/en/news/wikibase-faceted-search-released Wikibase Faceted Search Released] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxKWpTQBrqk demo video]) ** [https://github.com/watmildon/DecomissionedAircraftMap DecomissionedAircraftMap] (see tool below) - The Decommissioned Aircraft Map project uses Wikidata to enhance its mapping of historic aircraft by pulling images from linked Wikidata entries. Users can contribute by adding or correcting Wikidata tags on OpenStreetMap, ensuring accurate representation of aircraft locations and visuals. By Watmildon. * Videos: [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aDVeeym9Dpg Querying Wikidata using tools such as QuickStatements and Petscan] - Wikimedia Community User Group Uganda ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://dataviz.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Visualization]: a visualization tool for Wikidata SPARQL queries * [https://overpass-ultra.us/#map&query=url:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/watmildon/DecomissionedAircraftMap/refs/heads/main/AircraftMap.ultra&m=0.87/0/0 DecomissionedAircraftMap] (as a demonstration of the power of OpenStreetMap into Wikidata): pulls geodata for displayed aircraft from OpenStreetMap and generates thumbnails from linked Wikidata entries. * [http://tiago.bio.br/query-split-tester Query split tester] (Beta): webtool to see the impact on the graph split on your SPARQL query. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Nominations for the [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tools Award]] 2025 are open. Nominate your favorite tool! Nominations are due by the 25th of this month already. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * Newest General datatypes **[[:d:Property:P13612|‎breed belongs to taxon]] (<nowiki>taxon to which members of this breed (or these breeds) belong</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13611|CARLA ID]], [[:d:Property:P13613|Enciclopedia Galega Universal ID]], [[:d:Property:P13614|ThinkyGames genre ID]] * New External identifier property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/worn on|worn on]] (<nowiki>part of the body where an item of clothing, equipment, or jewelry is worn</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/rewards this type of work|rewards this type of work]] (<nowiki>kind of work for which an award is given</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sign meaning|sign meaning]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/trailer of|trailer of]] (<nowiki>works that this trailer video represents</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Facebook image ID|Facebook image ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DE-BIAS ID|DE-BIAS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Author identifier in FragTrag|Author identifier in FragTrag]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Niedersächsische Personen-ID|Niedersächsische Personen-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FBref match ID|FBref match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FBref competition ID|FBref competition ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/EKb5 A visual representation of the birthplaces and death places of women medical doctors who qualified in the UK between 1877 and 1914.] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Place_of_birth_to_Place_of_Death_-_arrow_indicator?|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/6RiP Distinct languages of Wikidata Lexemes] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_PCC_EMCO_Wikidata_CoP|EMCO Wikidata CoP]] - EMCO promotes the discovery and use of the world’s knowledge by supporting metadata producers in library and other cultural heritage communities. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q50008|The Times (Q50008)]] - British daily national newspaper based in London * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3348|right (L3348)]] - English adjective (rīt) meaning "opposite of left", "correct/just", or "politically conservative" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing: ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GX3FR7E6ASLEOP7LLKXTYCJ6O34QX3QJ/ Share your feedback on the new prototype that brings statement editing on Items to mobile]. ** We continued base work for making editing statements on mobile possible. * Simple search is now available in the Wikibase REST API! You can find information and leave feedback [[d:Wikidata talk:REST API feedback round|here]]. * Lexemes: We’re working on a WikibaseLexeme error that happens when trying to revert the deletion of a form that was already undeleted ([[phab:T392372]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:28, 16 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28856554 --> == Tech News: 2025-25 == <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:35, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Growth News #34 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|frameless|class=skin-invert]] ''A quarterly update from the Growth team on our work to improve the new editor experience.'' === Mentoring new editors === In February, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Mentorship 2|Mentorship]] was successfully rolled out to 100% of newcomers on English Wikipedia. Following this milestone, we collaborated with Spanish Wikipedia to expand Mentorship coverage to 70% of new accounts, with plans to reach 85% soon unless concerns are raised by mentors. ([[phab:T394867|T394867]]) === “Add a Link” Task – Iteration and Experimentation === Our efforts to improve and scale the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link|“Add a Link” structured task]] continued across multiple fronts: * '''Community Feedback & Model Improvements''': We’ve responded to community concerns with targeted changes: ** Restricting access to newer accounts ([[phab:T393688|T393688]]) ** Some links types were removed to align with recommendations written in the English Wikipedia Manual of Style ([[phab:T390683|T390683]]) ** Allowing communities to limit “Add a Link” to newcomers ([[phab:T393771|T393771]]) ** The model used to suggest the links was improved to ease its training ([[phab:T388258|T388258]]) * '''English Wikipedia rollout and A/B test''': We increased the rollout to 20% of newcomers, with analysis underway. Preliminary data suggests this feature makes new account holders more likely to complete an unreverted edit. ([[phab:T386029|T386029]], [[phab:T382603|T382603]]) * '''Surfacing Structured Tasks''': An experiment where we show “add a link” suggestions to newly registered users while they are reading an article is running on pilot wikis (French, Persian, Indonesian, Portuguese, Egyptian Arabic). Initial results are under analysis. ([[phab:T386029|T386029]]) === Newcomer Engagement Features === * '''“Get Started” notification''': Engineering is in progress for a new notification (Echo/email) to encourage editing among newcomers with zero edits. Early research shows this type of nudge is effective. ([[phab:T392256|T392256]]) * '''Confirmation email:''' We are exploring ways to simplify and improve the initial account confirmation email newly registered users receive. ([[phab:T215665|T215665]]) === Community Configuration Enhancements === Communities can now manage which namespaces are eligible for Event Registration via [[mw:Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. ([[phab:T385341|T385341]]) === Annual Planning === The Wikimedia Foundation’s 2025–2026 Annual Plan is taking shape. The Growth and Editing teams will focus on the [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2025-2026/Product_&_Technology_OKRs#Contributor_Experiences_(WE1)|'''Contributor Experiences (WE1)''' objective]], with a focus on increasing '''constructive edits''' by editors with fewer than 100 cumulative contributions. === Get Involved === We value your insights and ideas! If you would like to participate in a discussion, share feedback, or pilot new features, please reach out on the relevant Phabricator tasks or [[mw:Talk:Growth|at our talk page]], in any language. ''<small>'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].</small>'' </div> 18:51, 17 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&oldid=28750629 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:18, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #685 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-23. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#684]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * Join us for the third [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] event on the Wikidata Graph Split project, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750780800 Tuesday, June 24 at 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST]. We’ll share updates on the Query Service, tools, and SPARQL learning resources. Stanford researchers Shicheng Liu and Sina Jandaghi Semnani will present their Spinach Wikidata Agent, which translates complex questions into SPARQL queries [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit|Project page]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Presentations ** [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15690771 Slides of the panel] ''MediaWiki-based tools and services in Digital Humanities workflows'', part of the DARIAH-EU Annual Event 2025 in Göttingen: (the panel was about Wikibase instances, including Wikidata) * Blogs ** [https://stefan.bloggt.es/2025/06/wer-war-wie-oft-bei-lanz-schoener-leben-mit-linked-data/ Who appeared how often on Lanz?] (in German) ** [https://techinformed.com/wikidata-leader-on-open-data-in-age-of-ai/ Wikidata’s Lydia Pintscher on importance of open data in the age of AI] * Papers ** [https://www.psypost.org/scientists-uncover-surprisingly-consistent-pattern-of-scholarly-curiosity-throughout-history/ Scientists uncover surprisingly consistent pattern of scholarly curiosity throughout history] ** [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 ''The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality''] by [[User:Ambrosia10|Ambrosia10]] and colleagues used Wikidata to publicly curate the information. * Videos ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=j8hxYuqCVm4 Holy wells and OpenData - a talk about Wikidata et al.] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ek629n_-2v4&pp=0gcJCfwAo7VqN5tD Wikidata Graph Split - Writing an FAQ] - By Tiago Lubiana ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=mI9KmLI_NNA Taller introducción a Wikidata - Erika Guetti Suca] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2177TktBLok Wikidata Lab XLV: Quick Statements 3.0 - Part II] By Wikimedia Brasil ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=W74pw00i4IQ ¿Qué es Wikidata y cómo se edita?] By Wikimedia Colombia ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://femiber.upf.edu/ FEMIber]: a digital humanities tool that uses structured data aligned with Wikidata principles to document and analyze how women are represented in medieval Iberian chronicles. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13615|The Memories of the Gulag and Their Authors person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13616|Debian Wiki article]], [[:d:Property:P13617|UK Parliament bill ID]], [[:d:Property:P13618|CPJ topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13619|Desura game ID (archived)]], [[:d:Property:P13620|Diccionario de catedráticos españoles de derecho ID]], [[:d:Property:P13621|Swiss Bishops ID]], [[:d:Property:P13622|KNDB person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13623|MAI person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13624|necropolis.uinp.gov.ua person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/état|état]] (<nowiki>state of the matrix while printing</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Russian Federal Tax Service ID|Russian Federal Tax Service ID]] (<nowiki>identifier of Russian Tax Service for people or organization</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/donation URL|donation URL]] (<nowiki>official URL for making donations to the subject</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ukrainian Memorial person ID|Ukrainian Memorial person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Memorial Platform person ID|Memorial Platform person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Klimadashboard.de region ID|Klimadashboard.de region ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Taiwan Central News Agency News topic id|Taiwan Central News Agency News topic id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant HAL d'une collection|identifiant HAL d'une collection]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CoreTennis.net player ID|CoreTennis.net player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant sujet du dictionnaire biographique du Canada|identifiant sujet du dictionnaire biographique du Canada]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AMNH entity ID|AMNH entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nasljerseys.com player ID|nasljerseys.com player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portal Decentralization hromada ID|Portal Decentralization hromada ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portal of united hromadas of Ukraine hromada ID|Portal of united hromadas of Ukraine hromada ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archive of Our Own story ID|Archive of Our Own story ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/rada.info council ID|rada.info council ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/International Tennis Federation player ID|International Tennis Federation player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Confederation of African Tennis player ID|Confederation of African Tennis player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artvee artwork ID|Artvee artwork ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/EKb5 Place of birth to Place of Death - arrow indicator] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Request_a_query source]) ** [https://w.wiki/tZJ Map with place of birth and years of cartographers] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Place_of_birth_to_Place_of_Death_-_arrow_indicator?|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Personal_Collections WikiProject Personal Collections] - The WikiProject Personal Collections aims to develop standardized terms, multilingual ontologies, and best practices for consistently describing personal collections and archives on Wikidata. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q484365|David Duchovny (Q484365)]] - American actor and writer * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L183915|газ (L183915)]] - Russian noun (ɡas) meaning "gas (physical state)", "natural gas", or "accelerator pedal" ''' Development ''' * Query Service: It is now possible to download query results in Wikidata Query Service that include coordinates as GeoJSON (KML & GPX should also be available soon). Thanks to Atom.oil.2 for the patch. ([[phab:T216601]]) * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: We are continuing the work on improving how Wikidata changes show up in watchlist and recent changes, specifically showing labels instead of IDs in the future. ([[phab:T388685]]) * Search: We enabled the new search box that makes it easier to search in Properties, Lexemes and EntitySchemas as well. We are working on minor fixes based on feedback. * Mobile statement editing: We are working on showing the first statements in the new way - mostly tech demo and nothing to see yet ([[phab:T394886]]) * Federation: We are looking into measuring and better understanding queries that use SPARQL federation. * REST API: We continued working on prefix search for Items in the API ([[phab:T388209]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Norway|Norway]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Current issue]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:11, 23 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28856554 --> == Tech News: 2025-26 == <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:17, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == ''The Signpost'': 24 June 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/News and notes|Happy 7 millionth!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/In the media|Playing professor pong with prosecutorial discretion]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Disinformation report|Pardon me, Mr. President, have you seen my socks?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Recent research|Wikipedia's political bias; "Ethical" LLMs accede to copyright owners' demands but ignore those of Wikipedians]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Traffic report|All Sinners, a future, all Saints, a past]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/News from Diff|Call for candidates is now open: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Opinion|Russian Wiki-fork flails, failing readers and editors]] * Debriefing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Debriefing|EggRoll97's RfA² debriefing]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Community view|A Deep Dive Into Wikimedia (part 3)]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Comix|Hamburgers]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 02:31, 24 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=28849846 --> == This Month in Education: June 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 6 • June 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague|Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program|Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota|Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT|Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children|PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College|Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June|Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival|Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 07:19, 27 June 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28903832 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #686 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-30. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#685]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** 8-11 September: [https://openrefine.org/blog/2025/06/10/OpenRefine-2025-Barcamp OpenRefine Barcamp] - fully virtual, registrations and call for sessions are open ** [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]] returns this year on the theme of Connecting People through Linked Open Data...on the links below you can *** [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|Register to the event]] to get updates and news *** Submit now, the [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp Call for Proposals is open!] ** [https://www.hsozkult.de/event/id/event-155988 Wikidata for Jewish Studies], a hands-on Wikidata workshop at the Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz from September 8-9, 2025. (Registration by July 18) ** [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Drop_in_and_Wikidata_-_June_2025 Drop in and Wikidata] - This regular online meeting has moved to the last Thursday of every month. [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/88415120219 Join via Zoom] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/28/visualizing-knowledge-how-indonesians-turn-wikidata-into-stories-that-matter/ Visualizing Knowledge] - how Indonesians turn Wikidata into stories that matter. This article details the efforts and winners of a WM Indonesia organised 30-day competition to create cool visualizations powered through Wikidata. ** [https://www.lpi.org/blog/2025/06/25/openrefine-data-workflow-via-open-source-collaboration/ OpenRefine: Data workflow via open source collaboration] - the Linux Professional Institute interview the project manager of OR, Martin Magdinier, on the journey developing this data manipulation tool. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Jon_Harald_S%C3%B8by/senseItemLabel.js User:Jon Harald Søby/senseItemLabel.js] What it does is that when you add a P5137 statement in a lexeme, it will let you add the lemma as a label to the item in one click, if the item doesn't have a label in that language yet, or if the label is different (very useful for case differences, for instance) ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course Wikidata Ontology Course] has finished its course sessions. The slides for all sessions of the course are available on the course page. Part of participating in the course was to set up a project related to the Wikidata Ontology. Current information on the projects, many of which are continuing after the end of the course is now [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course#Projects available]. If you are interested in one or more of the projects please follow the project, add something to its discussion page, or contribute to it. * [https://wissenschaftlichestellenangebote.com/phd-position-in-history,i18518.html PhD Position in Digital History] at the University of Luxembourg is seeking someone with experience in Wikibase and Linked Open Data. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: none <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/defining Prolog formula|defining Prolog formula]] (<nowiki>Prolog rule expressing the intended logical behavior of a property, for use in ontology formalization and rule-based reasoning.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China|Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China]] (<nowiki>identifier for administrative divisions of People's Republic of China, published by Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ENTSO-E resource type|ENTSO-E resource type]] (<nowiki>ENTSO-E code for type of Power System Resource. Alias: PSR type, electrical aset type</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Film Atlas ID|Film Atlas ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FLBB player ID|FLBB player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MarathonView person ID|MarathonView person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/EYkW UNESCO Memory of the World International Register (now complete up to 2023)] ([[d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/memory_of_the_world|source]]) **[https://w.wiki/EZ9o Largest collections on the MoW International Register] ** [https://w.wiki/EcAw Featured and Good Articles in Korean or Chinese Wikipedia, with no English version] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Articles_that_are_GA_or_FA_on_zh_or_ko_wiki_but_not_on_en|source]] ** [https://w.wiki/EcAy Ugandan Female Footballers] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Query_on_Ugandan_female_Footballers|source]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Personal_Collections WikiProject Personal Collections] - The WikiProject Personal Collections aims to develop structured, multilingual standards and best practices for describing personal collections and archives on Wikidata. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q170599|Arctic Monkeys (Q170599)]] - English rock band * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L713097|ਸਿਫ਼ਤ (L713097)]] - Punjabi noun (si-fat) meaning "praise/glorification", "virtue", or "attribute" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We continued working on Item prefix search ([[phab:T388209]]) and started working on stemming support ([[phab:T397605]]) * Integration in Wikipedia and co: The improved edit summaries are now live on the first wikis (ca, uk, he). We are now showing the labels for linked entities instead of just their IDs ([[phab:T388685]]) * Mobile statement editing: We are continuing working on the basics of showing statements in the new way - nothing useful to see yet ([[phab:T394886]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/New Zealand|New Zealand]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[:d:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:57, 30 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28906317 --> == Tech News: 2025-27 == <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:10, 7 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #687 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-067-07. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#686]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Bovlbbot|Bovlbbot]] - Task(s): this bot request asks for admin access (or access to deleted revisions if possible) so it can move the updater task for User:Bovlb/wd-deleted. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Andrebot_3|Andrebot 3]] - Task(s): Fill in historic countries for the settlements, communes, towns and cities of Romania. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! Mark your calendars for our final session of our event series on the Wikidata graph split project and SPARQL skills! We will be diving into the mechanics of federated SPARQL queries and look forward to a hands-on and interactive session exploring how to use the scholarly article query service. Join us Tuesday, July 8th at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST (Time zone converter https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1751990400). Please see our [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit project page] for more information and Zoom links. ** Hackathon announced for Wikimania 2025, Nairobi. Call for Projects is now open! Includes a ''newcomer track'' for first-time participants. Add yourself to the ''[https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2025:Hackathon/Participants_List participants list]'' or see the ''[https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2025:Hackathon/Resources resources page]'' for further event info. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Press ** [https://www.theregister.com/2025/07/04/wikidata_foss_democracy Wikidata: Attempting to bridge FOSS ideals and direct democracy] - by ''The Register'', this article highlights examples of Wikidata serving and powering a growing ecosystem of FOSS projects, outside of Wikipedia. ** (Italian) [https://en.pusc.it/article/wikilib-bibliotecari-romani-e-vaticani WikiLib: Roman+Vatican Librarians compared on Wikidata] - * Blogs ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/13/preserving-indonesian-galleries-libraries-archives-and-museums-glam-assets-through-wikidata-in-glam-wiki-month/ Preserving Indonesian GLAM Assets in Wikidata] - This article documents how Indonesian users collaborated in preserving Indonesian GLAM assets by adding its metadata to Wikidata during [[m:Wikimedia Indonesia/Bulan Wiki GLAM 2025|2025 GLAM Wiki Month]] organized by Wikimedia Indonesia. * Papers ** [[:d:Q135216852|''Linking Challenges for Pseudonyms: The Studies of VIAF, ISNI, Wikidata, Meridian, and Beyond'']] by Charlene Chou * Thesis ** [[:d:Q135208119|The ''Dictionary of Italian contemporary pseudonym writers'' in Wikidata. Methodology and results]]: MA thesis (discussed on 29 May) regarding the systematic addition in Wikidata of all the nearly 500 Italian writers described in a [[:d:Q130597718|biographical dictionary]], with a first introductory part, a second part describing the editing methodology, including the [[:d:Q118455746|authority work]] done both in Wikidata and in some major authority files ([[:d:Property:P396|SBN]], [[:d:Property:P227|GND]], [[:d:Property:P269|IDREF]]) to disambiguate the main homonyms, and a third part analysing through SPARQL queries the data about these writers *** full thesis (in Italian) published in the [https://etd.adm.unipi.it/theses/available/etd-05132025-160428/ University of Pisa thesis repository]; work materials available in the [[:d:User:SaraDeMonaco/Tesi magistrale|Wikidata usersubpage]] of [[:d:User:SaraDeMonaco|Sara De Monaco]]; slides (in Italian) used in the discussion available in [[:commons:File:Presentazione Tesi Magistrale - De Monaco.pdf|Wikimedia Commons]]; related datasets available in [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15474928 Zenodo] * Videos ** (mostly Italian, with some parts in English) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QdTYnBPEn4 ''Wikidata & Research'' International Conference] (video of 5 June session) - held at the University of Florence 5-6 June 2025, the conference touched on role of Wikidata in academic research (cf. [[m:Wikidata_and_research|Wikidata and research]]]), building on past initiatives such as [[:d:Wikidata:Events/Wikidata Days Bologna 2024|Wikidata Days Bologna 2024]]. ** (Portuguese) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2f3jg8LiFs How to add Wikidata-powered Infoboxes to Wikipedia] - a short tutorial video from the University of São Paolo Institute of Mathematics and Statistics. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[d:User:Kod_B/ArchiveExternaLinks.js|User:Kod B - ArchiveExternaLinks.js]] This script automatically archives external links found in the statements of Wikidata items, in order to improve source durability and reduce the risk of broken links (link rot), similar to what already exists on Wikipedia. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * What belongs where in the Wikibase Ecosystem? There is ongoing research to better understand what people are currently thinking about this and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/BUMGCMKFFNMJQVZXD4K6Z23LLBHAHCCT/ you can take part by sorting some scenarios]. * How to properly cite a Newspaper article? [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#What's_the_right_way_to_cite_a_newspaper_article?|Project Chat discussion]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13625|QUDT dimension ID]], [[:d:Property:P13626|istina.msu.ru journal ID]], [[:d:Property:P13627|Niedersächsische Personen ID]], [[:d:Property:P13628|Submarine Cable Map ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MediaWiki page revision ID|MediaWiki page revision ID]] (<nowiki>ID for a MediaWiki wiki revision, Wikimedia projects should use {{P|7569}}</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applies if VIN matches regular expression|applies if VIN matches regular expression]] (<nowiki>this statement is only true if the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) of a vehicle matches this regular expression</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cadastral areas|Cadastral areas]] (<nowiki>List of cadastral areas of municipality</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/settlement classification|settlement classification]] (<nowiki>settlement classification</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Modern Shrine Ranking|Modern Shrine Ranking]] (<nowiki>Rank in the [[Q712534|Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines]]</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Divine Rank|Divine Rank]] (<nowiki>The [[Q11591025|Shinkai (divine rank)]] of a Shrine</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Engishiki celebration category|Engishiki celebration category]] (<nowiki>Celebration category mentioned in the engishiki</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Engishiki Rank|Engishiki Rank]] (<nowiki>Rank of a shrine in the Engishiki Jinmyocho.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Honji Buddha|Honji Buddha]] (<nowiki>Buddha that this kami is identified with</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Suijaku Kami|Suijaku Kami]] (<nowiki>Kami that this Buddha is believed to have manifested as</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Generation MSX d'une société ou d'un groupe de démo|identifiant Generation MSX d'une société ou d'un groupe de démo]] (<nowiki>company or demo group identifier in the Generation MSX database of MSX videogames</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Knowledge Graph for Irish History ID|Knowledge Graph for Irish History ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Library of Uruguay book ID|National Library of Uruguay book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kokugakuin University Shrine Database ID|Kokugakuin University Shrine Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Observer tag|Observer tag]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Observer contributor ID|Observer contributor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Geoguessr ID|Geoguessr ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/EcBz Uganda's hydropower plants] ([https://x.com/kateregga1/status/1939789382099071298 source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]] [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Postcards|Postcards]] was created, including a list of project-specific [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Postcards/Queries|Queries]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Type_watchlist|GovDirectory]] added a Type watchlist. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Taiwan/GLAM/Library_List|WikiProject Taiwan]] added a Library List. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Abuse_filter_effectiveness|Abuse Filter effectiveness]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q2740012|Stefan Löfven (Q2740012)]] - Swedish politician, Prime Minister of Sweden between 2014–2021 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L453737|sterk (L453737)]] - Norwegian Bokmål adjective (stæʁk) meaning "strong", "intense", or "durable" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We finished the Item prefix search ([[phab:T388209]]). It'll go live later when we are also done with the Property prefix search. * Search: We are fixing a bug when pasting into the new search box ([[phab:T397608]]) * Mobile statement editing: We are working on basic viewing of statements ([[phab:T394886]]) - nothing useful to see yet * Dumps: There was an issue with the last dumps not being generated. The Data Platform SRE team is looking into it ([[phab:T398756]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Austria|Austria]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[:d:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:43, 7 July 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28906317 --> == Tech News: 2025-28 == <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:01, 8 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VI, June 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating Communication History and Women Artists through Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day in Europe 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Data on Maranhão's Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: First call of Science Month at Wikipedia in the Czech Republic wrapped-up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/France report|France report]]: WiR and science&GLAM tour in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Another publication from Grant for GLAM Indonesia program & Minangkabau Wikisource Competition upadates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Isoseismals & Icons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Celebrating Albanian Cuisine Through Photography: Winners of the 2025 Contest Announced! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open Cultural Data Hackathon in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikifying the International Congress of History of Science and Technology; Librarians and Wikipedia; NZ species edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Mapping Heritage Buildings on Wikidata and Wiki Heritage Fellowship * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Strengthens Ties with Academic Institutions: A Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Institute of Macedonian Literature * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Registration is now open for GLAM WikiCon 2025! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: June highlights from Wikimedia Serbia and beginning of new accredited seminar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Archives Week 2025; SAPA Performing Arts; GLAM Meeting Biel/Bienne * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New Featured Pictures * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: June meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL Transition update, LivingData2025 and Women Genera paper * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Data upload achieved * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Wiki Knowledge Park report|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 report]]: Celebrating Heritage and Faith: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:35, 12 July 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28966332 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> ---[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:44, 14 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28945528 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #688 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-07-14. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#687]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for Oversight permissions: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Oversight/Jianhui67|Jianhui67]] (RfP scheduled to end at 27 July 2025 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753623000 13:28 UTC]) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1752681600 16:00 UTC], 16th July 2025 (18:00 Berlin time) in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[m:WikiIndaba_conference_2025/Submissions|Submit Your Program Proposal for WikiIndaba 2025 by 20th July]]. Apply for a scholarship to attend the event [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform here]. ** Wikimania 2025 Hackathon kicks off on Tuesday, 5 August and a dedicated workspace will be available throughout the conference until Saturday, 9 August. Have a technical idea, tool, or project you want to build during the hackathon? Submit it now and start connecting with collaborators! Add your project [[m:https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2025:Hackathon/Project_Submissions|here]]. ** WikiCite 2025 will take place from Friday 29th to Sunday 31st of August! in Bern (Switzerland) and online! See the draft program [[m:WikiCite 2025/Programme|here]]. ** [[:d:Q134520038|2025 LD4 Conference: Linked Data in the Real World]] ([https://sites.google.com/view/2025-ld4-conference/home website]; [https://2025ld4.sched.com/list/simple schedule and registration]; [https://www.youtube.com/@LD-gy6jv streaming on Youtube]), 28th-30th July 2025, virtually on Zoom; many Wikidata-related sessions: *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753723800 July 28, 2025 1:30pm - 2:30pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOA/has-this-been-done-before-exploring-wikidata-projects-through-diff-and-tmig-archives ''Has This Been Done Before? Exploring Wikidata Projects Through Diff and TMIG Archives''] by Silvia Gutierrez (workshop) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753808400 July 29, 2025 1:00pm - 2:00pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOk/wikidata-affinity-group-introduction-to-wikidata-for-entity-management ''Wikidata Affinity Group: Introduction to Wikidata for Entity Management''] by Alex Jung, Kyla Jemison, Susan Radovsky (cf. [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]]) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753816500 July 29, 2025 3:15pm - 3:45pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOt/scholarly-profiling-in-wikidata-creating-a-knowledge-graph-for-the-seekcommons-open-science-research-network ''Scholarly profiling in Wikidata: Creating a knowledge graph for the SEEKCommons open science research network''] by Dorothy Howard *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753818300 July 29, 2025 3:45pm - 3:55pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOw/from-biographical-dictionary-to-linked-data ''From Biographical Dictionary to Linked Data''] by Sara De Monaco (cf. [[:d:User:SaraDeMonaco/Tesi magistrale]] and [[:d:Q135208119]]) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753818950 July 29, 2025 3:55pm - 4:05pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOz/lccnbot-one-year-on-an-update ''LCCNbot one year on: an update''] by Mary Muratsubaki Campany (cf. [[:d:User:LccnBot]]) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753819500 July 29, 2025 4:05pm - 4:15pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eP2/supporting-access-to-cd-roms-while-using-and-contributing-to-wikidata ''Supporting access to CD-ROMs while using and contributing to Wikidata''] by Claire Fox *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753820100 July 29, 2025 4:15pm - 4:25pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eP5/surfacing-sociotechnical-research-with-wikidata ''Surfacing Sociotechnical Research with Wikidata''] by Kathleen Burlingame *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753820700 July 29, 2025 4:25pm - 4:35pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eP8/wikidata-workflows-with-orcid-and-openrefine-a-binghamton-university-case-study ''Wikidata Workflows with ORCID and OpenRefine: A Binghamton University Case Study''] by Sasha Frizzell *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753901100 July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 4:45pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26ePc/wiles-wikidata-lexicographical-event-semantics-modeling-for-natural-languages ''WiLES: Wikidata Lexicographical Event Semantics modeling for natural languages''] by Humza Yaqoob, Mahir Morshed (workshop) ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://www.bigdatawire.com/2025/07/10/scaling-the-knowledge-graph-behind-wikipedia/ Scaling the Knowledge Graph Behind Wikipedia] By Alex Woodie ** [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (see paper below) By Heidi Meudt * Papers ** [https://academic.oup.com/aob/advance-article/doi/10.1093/aob/mcaf062/8158086?login=false Wikidata for botanists: benefits of collaborating and sharing Linked Open Data] By Sabine et al., (2025). This study explores Wikidata as an open, multilingual knowledge base that connects botanical data across sources, and urges botanists to collaboratively enrich its content to support a broad spectrum of plant science. * Videos ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ib-8YsJChmw Wikidata labels and descriptions] By Moore Wikimedia Community ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=z6gNKxqhyxY Wikidata Lablar Description Stockholm Archipelago trail] By Magnus Sälgö * Presentations ** [https://zenodo.org/records/15828659 How To...Wikibase?] - Senior Partner Manager, [[m:User:Christos_Varvantakis_(WMDE)|Christos Varvantakis]] has produced this set of training and educational material to get you started with Wikibase. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://toolsadmin.wikimedia.org/tools/id/depictions Commons Depictions] is a tool that display depictions of Wikidata items on Wikimedia Commons ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * New General datatypes **[[:d:Property:P13631|official donation page URL]] (<nowiki>official URL for making donations to the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13632|image of cosplay]] (<nowiki>cosplay that depicts this character or person</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13633|‎worn on]] (<nowiki>part of the body where an item of clothing, equipment, or jewelry is worn</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13635|warranty period]] (<nowiki>warranty period of this product as covered by the original manufacturer or creator</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13637|‎matricule number]] (<nowiki>identifier for a football club affiliated with the Royal Belgian Football Association</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13629|CABR-identifier]], [[:d:Property:P13630|Nederlands Film Festival person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13634|The Sun topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13636|IMDb interest ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cyclocross24 rider ID|Cyclocross24 rider ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a cyclo-cross cyclist in the Cyclocross24 database</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polyhedron net|Polyhedron net]] (<nowiki>A net of attached 2D polygon created for each polyhedron</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kanpei or Kokuhei|Kanpei or Kokuhei]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/file name|file name]] (<nowiki>name used for this entity in a computer file system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anthologia Graeca author|Anthologia Graeca author]] (<nowiki>Author number in the Anthologia Graeca Project, an online annotated edition of the [[w:Greek Anthology]]</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/langue locale dominante|langue locale dominante]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/accomplice|accomplice]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CCCA ID|CCCA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cover Art Archive image|Cover Art Archive image]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Athletics Podium person ID|Athletics Podium person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CESAR title ID|CESAR title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GaultMillau-idenficatiecode Nederland|GaultMillau-idenficatiecode Nederland]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/eFloraMEX ID|eFloraMEX ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BORIS Unibe author ID|BORIS Unibe author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EDBO institution code|EDBO institution code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OSHWA Identifier|OSHWA Identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale depuis 1945|identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale depuis 1945]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale au 19e siècle|identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale au 19e siècle]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Traditional Ballad Index file name|The Traditional Ballad Index file name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID edizioni CoBiS LOD|ID edizioni CoBiS LOD]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA person ID|SIK-ISEA person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA group ID|SIK-ISEA group ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA institution ID|SIK-ISEA institution ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA work ID|SIK-ISEA work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA document ID|SIK-ISEA document ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/speedrun.com level ID|speedrun.com level ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version)|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Russian version)|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Russian version)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mizuumi Wiki article ID|Mizuumi Wiki article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/6TNS Top album languages found on Wikidata right now] [https://wikis.world/@moebeus@mastodon.online/112302638644990711 source] ** [https://w.wiki/Ej6F The names of the characters from Asterix & Obélix, in French, English, German, Latin and some other languages] ([https://wikis.world/@sukkoria@piaille.fr/114829167969170573 source]) ** [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/uAOfzguDGgAA6Ma2yseCsOOmGOOmaq8Go6sQQ6YEMWh Map the global distribution of periodicals in publication languages from the Eastern Mediterranean] (Arabic, Ottoman, Greek, Ladino, Coptic etc) ([https://wikis.world/@tillgrallert@digitalcourage.social/114819637083502934 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q49727|Das Erste (Q49727)]] - German public-service television channel * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L5785|reference (L5785)]] - English noun/verb (ˈɹɛf.ɹəns) meaning "source citation", "supporting document", or "relationship" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We started work on the simple Property prefix search [[phab:(T397838]]) * Mobile statement editing: We continued the work on the basics with viewing of statements ([[phab:T394886]]]) * Search: Fixed a bug when pasting into the search box ([[phab:T397608]]) * Integration in Wikipedia and co: ** We began research into current limits for collapsing entity usage. (Basically when an article uses more data from an Item than the configured limit then we consider all data on that Item to be used. This is done for infrastructure reasons.) We’d like to improve this to further reduce unnecessary Wikidata changes showing up on watchlist and recent changes on Wikipedia and co. ** We will roll out showing labels instead of IDs in Wikidata edits in watchlist and recent changes to more wikis later this week. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Chile|Chile]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:09, 14 July 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28983341 --> == Tech News: 2025-29 == <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 14 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == ''The Signpost'': 18 July 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/News and notes|Is no WikiNews good WikiNews? — Election season returns!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/In the media|How bad (or good) is Wikipedia?]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/WikiProject report|WikiProject Medicine reaches milestone of zero unreferenced articles]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/In focus|Wikimania 2025: Connecting Wikimedians across the world for 20 years]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Recent research|Knowledge manipulation on Russia's Wikipedia fork; Marxist critique of Wikidata license; call to analyze power relations of Wikipedia]] * News from the WMF: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/News from the WMF|Form 990 released for the Wikimedia Foundation’s fiscal year 2023-2024]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Discussion report|Six thousand noticeboard discussions in 2025 electrically winnowed down to a hundred]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Comix|Divorce]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Opinion|Women are somewhat under-represented on the English-language Wikipedia, and other observations from analysis]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Community view|A Deep Dive Into Wikimedia (part 4): The Future Of Wikimedia and Conclusion]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Obituary|Pvmoutside, Atomicjohn, Rdmoore6, Jaknouse, Morven, Martin of Sheffield, MarnetteD, Herewhy, BabelStone]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Traffic report|God only knows]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Humour|New forum created for people who don't care about Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 07:53, 18 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=28903822 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:28, 21 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28984647 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #689 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-07-21. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#688]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming]]: ** [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeSyLv6rBOgxzPR8DmZ0QZNPr-wQJLs0uI8t2MyuBuTj4HTpA/viewform Wikimedia and Open Knowledge Conference (survey)] is being planned for 2026 in Poland. This event is to focus on research carried out on or with Wikidata and Wikipedia. Your opinion is wanted! Please fill out the Google Forms survey to help the organisation committee plan. Also available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc83qVh7W5QWzNUW8Cg9fL549RNS-s7Qut-UCE84N1OpoQwqw/viewform?usp=sharing&ouid=116673720641417865807 Polish] and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScMdwZ-aPhckKBoT6LNlS5ukVUCqdq8pI0o3nQNjjJR5798GA/viewform?usp=header Ukrainian]. ** Wikimania [[wikimania:2025:Program|2025 Program]] is Live! This is also the time to add your Wikidata meetups. Please start marking your preferred Wikimania sessions (⭐/like) and mark to your mobile apps or calendars. If you are joining online to watch live stream and use the interactive features, please register on eventyay through wikimania.org ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/6HQZ6BJ6SESOOBRWHYVHCNJX4LXXZP24/ source]) * Past: Missed the Q3 Wikidata+Wikibase office hour? You can catch up by reading the session log here: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events/Telegram office hour 2025-07-16|2025-07-15 (Q3 2025)]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Papers: [https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/41/Supplement_1/i12/8199389 An educator framework for organizing Wikipedia editathons for computational biology] (uses Wikidata to power the [https://compbio-on-wiki.toolforge.org/ compbio-on-wiki.toolforge.org/] tool) ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikinity.toolforge.org/ Wikinity] A tool allowing you to find (un)photographed objects, so you can take a picture of them and send it to Wikidata. The tool was created By Martin Urbanec ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The Call for Papers is now open for the Journal of Open Humanities Data special collection: "Wikidata across the Humanities: datasets, methodologies, reuse." This editorial will explore how Wikidata is transforming research and collaboration in the humanities. If you're working on a relevant project, submit your proposal [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities here] * What belongs where in the Wikibase Ecosystem? There is ongoing research to better understand what people are currently thinking about this and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/BUMGCMKFFNMJQVZXD4K6Z23LLBHAHCCT/ you can take part by sorting some scenarios]. *Wikimedia Deutschland is inviting further feedback on the Mobile Editing Experience [https://www.figma.com/proto/IdZ6rdm8FqDuLYIfQTvEer/ALICE-meets-MEX?page-id=0%3A1&node-id=3-9092&viewport=-14617%2C-894%2C0.76&t=jFYlzZdmBq4NcDU2-1&scaling=min-zoom&content-scaling=fixed prototype] (currently just a design file so not everything is clickable). Please follow the instructions below and share your thoughts at [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements]]: ** Add "business woman" as an occupation ** Add a start date to the relationship with A$AP Rocky and provide a reference ** Find the place of birth (Saint Michael) and open that page ** Add the coordinate location for Saint Michael ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13637|‎matricule number]] (<nowiki>identifier for a football club affiliated with the Royal Belgian Football Association</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13638|‎settlement classification]] (<nowiki>type of settlement according to a topographical classification</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13642|Polyhedron net]] (<nowiki>a net of attached 2D polygon created for each polyhedron</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13639|National Library of Uruguay book ID]], [[:d:Property:P13640|The Jerusalem Post topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13641|Physicians of Georgia Biographical Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P13643|eFloraMEX ID]], [[:d:Property:P13644|Theatre museums of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13645|Georgian Athletes Biographical Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P13646|Georgian Winemakers ID]], [[:d:Property:P13647|Ukrainian Book of Remembrance person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13648|BORIS Portal Unibe ID]], [[:d:Property:P13649|Society for the Promotion of Literacy among Georgians Members ID]], [[:d:Property:P13650|Deaf Movie Database title ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Generation MSX d'un matériel|identifiant Generation MSX d'un matériel]] (<nowiki>hardware identifier in the Generation MSX database of MSX videogames</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polish Taxpayer Identification Number|Polish Taxpayer Identification Number]] (<nowiki>an identifier for an entity paying taxes in Poland</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/official roster page|official roster page]] (<nowiki>URL of a team's official page about this player</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/transistor density|transistor density]] (<nowiki>density of transistors for classifying the complexity of discrete circuits</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Historische Bildpostkarten Universität Osnabrück - Entities|Historische Bildpostkarten Universität Osnabrück - Entities]] (<nowiki>Identificator for persons and publishers of historical picture postcards</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/grave|grave]] (<nowiki>grave of a person</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/fanlore article id|fanlore article id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Afrikaregisteret ID|Afrikaregisteret ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hong Kong company ID|Hong Kong company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/California Entity Number|California Entity Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Macanese company ID|Macanese company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Corporation Number in Canada|Corporation Number in Canada]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/QCC Code|QCC Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cyprus company ID|Cyprus company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Malta company ID|Malta company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GEMI Number|GEMI Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CUIT|CUIT]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jamaica company ID|Jamaica company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SEC Number|SEC Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mã số doanh nghiệp|Mã số doanh nghiệp]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/movieID|movieID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Thailand company ID|Thailand company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PCPartPicker chipset ID|PCPartPicker chipset ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/gosfilmofond.ru ID|gosfilmofond.ru ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Directorio de museos del Sistema de Información Cultural|Directorio de museos del Sistema de Información Cultural]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Burmese company ID|Burmese company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cambodian company ID|Cambodian company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Encyclopedia ID|Georgian Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vintagepostcards-Archive-ID|Vintagepostcards-Archive-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MacPorts port|MacPorts port]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Berardi Arte artist ID|Berardi Arte artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adult Film Database director ID|Adult Film Database director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Elonet company ID|Elonet company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dvdcompare.net film id|dvdcompare.net film id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SpaceReference.org celestial object ID|SpaceReference.org celestial object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/English solicitors ID|English solicitors ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database person ID|Deaf Movie Database person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** Mathematical formulae containing HTML escapes https://w.wiki/EoeL] ** [https://w.wiki/9Ygr Most frequent objects depicted on coats of arms] ([https://wikis.world/@kvistgaard@vivaldi.net/112162949851779659 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1140439|Finding Forrester (Q1140439)]] - 2000 film directed by Gus Van Sant * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1372236|Września (L1372236)]] - Polish proper noun (ˈvʐɛɕ.ɲa) meaning "September (month)", "town in Greater Poland", or "village in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We have enabled the new Item Prefix Search endpoint on wikidata. You can try it out now with a call like this: https://www.wikidata.org/w/rest.php/wikibase/v0/suggest/items?language=en&q=potat If you have feedback please leave it at [[d:Wikidata talk:REST API feedback round|Wikidata talk:REST API feedback round]] * Additional APIs: We are looking a bit more into GraphQL and what it could offer to make programmatic access to Wikidata's data better. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We enabled showing the labels of entities in edit summaries in recent changes and watchlist. Now you no longer have to click to get to Wikidata and check what is behind a mystery ID in an edit summary coming from Wikidata. * Mobile statement editing: We are working on formatting references, qualifiers, various data types and multiple statements for one property. We are planning to enable the new mobile UI on Beta Wikidata soon. Important: For now it is a read-only UI, as we have not started to implement editing yet, and some data types won’t have the correct appearance yet. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Vietnam|Vietnam]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Current issue]]· [[:d:User:JosefAnthony|JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] .[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:01, 21 July 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29005317 --> == Tech News: 2025-30 == <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 21 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:40, 28 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29047614 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #690 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-07-28. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#689]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Aqurs1|Aqurs1]] (RfP scheduled to end after 31 July 2025 16:35 UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/THEbotIT 3|THEbotIT 3]] - New functional aspect to automatic creation of items describing the articles of [[:w:de:Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft|Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]] (RE). We want to model now the articles, which amends the main articles, as those information where suppressed so far. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Wikidata's 13th birthday decentralized events will take place in October and November 2025. Feel free to browse [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday|the documentation pages]] to learn how to organize an event in your area, get funding, and get in touch with other organizers. Help translate the documentation pages into your language. ** [[d:Q134950534|COSCUP 2025 (Q134950534)]] OpenStreetMap x Wikidata Track will be held at [[d:Q699543|National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Q699543)]] on August 9-10. ** [[wikimania:2025|Wikimania]] starts next week August 6 through August 9. Check out the Wikidata related session in the [[wikimania:2025:Wikimania/Program|program]] and start marking your preferred Wikimania sessions (⭐/like) on your mobile apps or calendars. If you are joining online to watch live stream and use the interactive features, please register on eventyay through wikimania.org. Note also the Wikidata meetups organised outside the official conference hours. * Past: WikiCon Brasil 2025 happened in person in [[d:Q36947|Salvador (Q36947)]] including a [[wmbr:WikiCon_Brasil_2025/Programa/Tecnologia|technical session with two Wikidata-focused presentations]] (in Portuguese) ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/making-question-answering-systems-smarter-with-knowledge-graphs-using-frog-a-wikidata-research-fund-2024-highlight/ Making Question-Answering Systems Smarter with Knowledge Graphs Using FrOG: A Wikidata Research Fund 2024 Highlight] - How can large language models become more accurate using structured knowledge? A research team from Universitas Indonesia and WU Vienna explored this through FrOG, a framework that integrates Wikidata into question-answering language model. This research is supported by Wikimedia Indonesia through the [[m:Wikimedia Indonesia/Hibah Riset Wikidata 2024|Wikidata Research Fund 2024]] program. ** [https://www.techradar.com/pro/wikidatas-next-leap-the-open-database-powering-tomorrows-ai-and-wikipedia Wikidata’s next leap: the open database powering tomorrow’s AI and Wikipedia] By Lydia Pintscher * Presentations: [https://zenodo.org/records/15609570 O herbário da Universidade de Coimbra na Wikidata] (Using Wikidata in Natural History Collection Management, in Portuguese) * Papers: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40695850/ Wiki-Quantities and Wiki-Measurements: Datasets of quantities and their measurement context from Wikipedia] - Researchers developed two large, validated datasets; Wiki-Quantities and Wiki-Measurements, from Wikipedia and Wikidata to improve automated extraction of quantitative data and its context using natural language processing techniques. By Göpfert et al., (2025) * Videos: [https://m.youtube.com/shorts/MXQBNG4Wjgk Wikidata:The shadow power behind Wikipedia and AI] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://flashbackfiesta.app/ Flashback Fiesta] - is a trivia game that challenges players to guess the year of historical events using data from Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Personal Pronouns|Wikidata:WikiProject Personal Pronouns]] drafted a new [[:d:Wikidata:Personal pronouns|Wikidata Personal Pronouns Policy]], using [[:d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Pronouns P6553|this recent RFC]] as a basis. It's the first time a policy on this topic has been proposed, and the [[:d:Wikidata:Living people|Wikidata Living People Policy]] served as a reference. Feedback is encouraged and appreciated. * The modeling of [[:d:Q397610|agrégation]] ("the most competitive and prestigious examination for civil service in the French public education system" according to [[:w:en:Agrégation]]) has been reviewed in various aspects: a summary is available in [[:d:Talk:Q397610#Modeling agrégation]]. Suggestions are welcome. *Wikimedia Deutschland is inviting further feedback on the Mobile Editing Experience [https://www.figma.com/proto/IdZ6rdm8FqDuLYIfQTvEer/ALICE-meets-MEX?page-id=0%3A1&node-id=3-9092&viewport=-14617%2C-894%2C0.76&t=jFYlzZdmBq4NcDU2-1&scaling=min-zoom&content-scaling=fixed prototype] (currently just a design file so not everything is clickable). Please follow the instructions below and share your thoughts at [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements]]: ** Add "business woman" as an occupation ** Add a start date to the relationship with A$AP Rocky and provide a reference ** Find the place of birth (Saint Michael) and open that page ** Add the coordinate location for Saint Michael ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13668|‎operating cost]] (<nowiki>estimated or average ongoing recurring cost for operating or using an object</nowiki>) *New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13651|Ukrainian Memorial person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13652|Portal of united hromadas of Ukraine ID]], [[:d:Property:P13653|Portal Decentralization hromada ID]], [[:d:Property:P13654|Facebook image ID]], [[:d:Property:P13655|archieven.nl creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P13656|‎Elonet company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13657|Embryo Project Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13658|‎Film Atlas ID]], [[:d:Property:P13659|Klimadashboard.de region ID]], [[:d:Property:P13660|‎Knowledge Graph for Irish History person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13661|myCast person or character ID]], [[:d:Property:P13662|‎nasljerseys.com player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13663|‎speedrun.com level ID]], [[:d:Property:P13664|‎FBref competition ID]], [[:d:Property:P13665|‎FBref match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13666|‎parlament.fyi person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13667|Swimcloud swimmer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/organizational chart|organizational chart]] (<nowiki>image that displays the structure of this organization or government agency and the relationships and relative ranks of it's parts and positions/jobs</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Source Shrine|Source Shrine]] (<nowiki>The shrine that the gods of this shinto shrine came from through Bunrei and Kanjo</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/botanical photographs|botanical photographs]] (<nowiki>a distinctive image of a flower, inflorescence, or a similar reproductive structure for this taxon</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database language ID|Deaf Movie Database language ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database genre ID|Deaf Movie Database genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database country ID|Deaf Movie Database country ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss Films person ID|Swiss Films person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/My Abandonware company|My Abandonware company]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Indianapolis ID|Encyclopedia of Indianapolis ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Database dei fondi musicali toscani ID|Database dei fondi musicali toscani ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NeoDB Movie ID|NeoDB Movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Serbian settlement ID|Serbian settlement ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/c64.cz game ID|c64.cz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NuGet package|NuGet package]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss Films company ID|Swiss Films company ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/wikidata/Bc3bpD?exec=true Church buildings in Sweden on OpenStreetMap with links to Wikidata, but without the inverse link]. ** [https://w.wiki/EsMN Tennis tournament titles won by specific player] ([[Wikidata:Request_a_query#Tennis tournament titles won by specific player|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/EsMS BarChart of chemical compound identifiers in Wikidata] ([https://wikis.world/@egonw@social.edu.nl/114918734141640378 source]) * WikiProject Highlights: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Sweden WikiProject Sweden] - A project to centralize, expand, and translate Sweden-related data on Wikidata while supporting the Swedish contributor community. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q43361|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Q43361)]] - 1997 novel by J. K. Rowling * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L9436|ножницы (L9436)]] - Russian noun (nɐˈʐnʲitsɨ) meaning "cutting tool", "window hardware mechanism", or "ski position with split tips" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We finished a first version of formatting references ([[phab:T396098]]); qualifiers ([[phab:T396099]]); various data types ([[phab:T394888]], [[phab:T394890]], [[phab:T394904]], [[phab:T394907]]); and multiple statements for one property ([[phab:T396637]]) ** We enabled the new mobile editing experience on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org beta Wikidata] so you can now try the very rough version there and follow along with development * Wikibase REST API: We finished the simple Property prefix search endpoint and it will go live in the next days ([[phab:T397838]]) * Additional APIs: We are working on a prototype for GraphQL to see if that is a going to be helpful for accessing Wikidata's data ([[phab:T399452]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kenya|Kenya]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony|JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·''' [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:55, 28 July 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29051444 --> == Tech News: 2025-31 == <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:22, 29 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == This Month in Education: July 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 7 • July 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025|Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania|Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025|Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs|Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning|The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025 |When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD|Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia|Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague|Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 03:00, 1 August 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29005310 --> == Wikimedia CEE Newsletter – August 2025 == Dear CEE Community, We’re happy to share with you the '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/August_2025 August edition of the CEE Newsletter]'''! In this issue: * Read how the CEE Hub is supporting the region and preparing for the next meetings * Celebrate 22 years of Romanian Wikipedia and 10 years of the Albanian Language User Group * Discover the winning photos from the Albanian cuisine contest * Learn how CEE Spring 2025 gathered over 10,000 articles * Find out how communities marked World Refugee Day and Francophonie Month * And much more – from Thessaloniki to Kırklareli! Read the full newsletter '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/August_2025 here]'''. Happy reading! On behalf of the CEE Newsletter team, --[[user:janbery|janbery]] ([[user talk:janbery|talk]]) 14:06, 1 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Janbery@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=29008937 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:21, 4 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29077280 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #691 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-04. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#690]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Aqurs1|Aqurs1]] - closed as successful. Welcome onbaord \o/ * Other: [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Suggestion_for_splitting_out_the_WikiCite_graph_to_another_wikibase|Suggestion for splitting out the WikiCite graph to another wikibase]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Wikimania begins this week (August 6-9). Check out the Wikidata sessions and meetups in the [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ event schedule] and mark them in your calander. ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series: Join the second session in our Intro to Wikidata/EMCO series. It will be focused on gadgets and user scripts that enhance Wikidata editing. We'll demo useful tools and invite you to share your favorites too! 🗓️ Tuesday, August 5 🕘 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1754409600 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST] ℹ️ More info & Zoom link: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO|Project page]] ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #79 August 9 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs **[https://addshore.com/2025/07/wikimedia-commons-depicts-statements-over-time/ Wikimedia Commons Depicts statements over time] - Looking at the user of Wikidata Items to show that Wikimedia commons images depict, since the structured data on commons feature was originally turned on. Roads currently come out on top! By Adshore ** [https://blog.johl.io/mimi-sisema-kiswahili-lakini-ninapenda-data/ Mimi sisema Kiswahili, lakini ninapenda data] (I don’t speak Swahili, but I love data). By Jens Ohlig ** [https://itbrief.asia/story/wikimedia-project-boosts-software-for-endangered-languages-worldwide Wikimedia project boosts software for endangered languages worldwide] * Videos: Ongoing Wikidata sessions at the LD4 2025 events. ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVmjHDhS-Fc&list=PLx2ZluWEZtIDTHevbzOScn1mz8-9ITTLL playlist]) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://whopaintedthis.toolforge.org/ Who Painted this] - is a tool developed by Francesco Negri. The tool is a game that let's you guess who created a painting, using data from Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * If you are using Wikidata's APIs please be aware that the existing user agent policy will be enforced more strictly going forward. Please make sure your application sets a proper user agent. More details are in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/APW6FQBGIVLCEN7WZ65D4NVZ6XQIWGCW/ this announcement]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13668|‎operating cost]] (<nowiki>estimated or average ongoing recurring cost for operating or using an object</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13669|‎UK Mutual Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P13670|Scientific heritage of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13671|Reabilitovani istoriyeyu person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13672|L'Expression topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13673|Memorial Platform person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13674|‎SIK-ISEA institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P13675|‎SIK-ISEA person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13676|‎SIK-ISEA work ID]], [[:d:Property:P13677|Kokugakuin University Digital Museum entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13678|‎FLBB player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13679|Russian Cycling Federation person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13680|Geoguessr ID]], [[:d:Property:P13681|R-Sport team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13682|‎OSHWA identifier]], [[:d:Property:P13683|Personnel de l'administration préfectorale au 19e siècle ID]], [[:d:Property:P13685|Generation MSX hardware ID]], [[:d:Property:P13686|Generation MSX company or demo group ID]], [[:d:Property:P13687|‎Fanlore article ID]], [[:d:Property:P13688|MarathonView person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13689|‎Anthologia Graeca author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13690|Museum ID from Mexico SIC directory of museums]], [[:d:Property:P13691|Georgian Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13692|CoBiS LOD book ID]], [[:d:Property:P13693|‎c64.cz game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DuckDuckGo bang|DuckDuckGo bang]] (<nowiki>Identifier for use of DuckDuckGo bang shortcut, do not prefix with "!"</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/algebraic closure|algebraic closure]] (<nowiki>abgebraic closure of this field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/value of this characteristic|value of this characteristic]] (<nowiki>non-numeric value of this characteristic applied to this mathematical object</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Library of Nigeria ID|National Library of Nigeria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) auteur(ice) dans le catalogue de la médiathèque de Sceaux|Identifiant d'un(e) auteur(ice) dans le catalogue de la médiathèque de Sceaux]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parabra pal Dicionariu Extremeñu de Juan Kam|Parabra pal Dicionariu Extremeñu de Juan Kam]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EASIN ID|EASIN ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Genetics entry ID|A Dictionary of Genetics entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TEQSA Provider ID|TEQSA Provider ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TEQSA Course ID|TEQSA Course ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Registered Training Organisation code|Registered Training Organisation code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un mémoire dans XIXe siècle en mémoires|Identifiant d'un mémoire dans XIXe siècle en mémoires]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Episodes.fm ID|Episodes.fm ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ A Dictionary of Sports Studies entry ID| A Dictionary of Sports Studies entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Open Science Thesaurus ID|Open Science Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dictionary of American Family Names ID|Dictionary of American Family Names ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/osm-planet/J9BO8v?exec=true Railway crossing waterways in Norway with associated bridges]. ** [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/8d9jpdjE3Mcsc66SIS8GQqYK2YYgYOsm2myy2Oma00R Chart of the nominal outputs of Uganda's hydro-power plants] ([https://x.com/kateregga1/status/1939789382099071298 source]) ** [https://w.wiki/Eoya You have a Wikidata item with few sources? Check the references of all other items linking to that Item] ([https://bsky.app/profile/magnusmanske.wikis.world.ap.brid.gy/post/3lujyuegowp32 source]) * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject sum of all paintings|Sum of all paintings]] - goal is to have a Wikidata Item for every notable painting. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q104454|Mario Götze (Q104454)]] - German association football player * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1216630|Śrem (L1216630)]] - Polish proper noun (ɕrɛm) meaning "town in Greater Poland", "rural-urban municipality", or "village in Lower Silesia" ''' Development ''' * We made progress on figuring out how to make maps on mobile work well with Kartographer ([[phab:T394906]]) * Lydia and Mohammed are attending Wikimania. We are looking forward to seeing some of you there. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kenya|Kenya]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:02, 4 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29074255 --> == Tech News: 2025-32 == <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 5 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == ''The Signpost'': 9 August 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/News and notes|Court order snips out part of Wikipedia article, editors debate whether to frame shreds or pulp them]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Discussion report|News from ANI, AN, RSN, BLPN, ELN, FTN, and NPOVN]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Disinformation report|The article in the most languages]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Community view|News from the Villages Pump]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/In the media|Disgrace, dive bars, deceased despots, and diverse dispatches]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Crossword|Accidental typography]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Comix|best-laid schemes o' wikis an' men]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Traffic report|I'm not the antichrist or the Superman]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 02:27, 9 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29085669 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:20, 11 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29085671 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VII, July 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: 10 years of Wikimedians of Albanian Language User Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba – From Island to Archive: Aruba’s Journey on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: De Standaard Solidarity Prize and How to Upload Artwork * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Expanding Access to Heritage Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Program Highlights & Volunteer Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: July in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Poster Exhibition, Screening Public Viewing, Women Memorials * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese art in Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikinics & Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL blog by Tiago Lubiana, BHL Wikimedian in Residence, and news on the BHL transition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Introducing Oulu Löyly – we want to hear your thoughts! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Getting the message out * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Culture & Heritage team transitioning to broader Content Enablement team * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:59, 11 August 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29083949 --> == Tech News: 2025-33 == <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:24, 11 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #692 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-11. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#691]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Dolabbot|Dolabbot]] - Mass import of module subpages from other wikis (mainly English wiktionary) to Korean wiktionary and addition of corresponding Wikidata sitelinks. ''' Events ''' * Past: Wikimania 2025 took place last week! Day-by-day playlists are available on the Wikimedia Foundation [https://www.youtube.com/@TheWikimediaFoundation/playlists YouTube channel]. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[d:User:Midleading|Midleading]] created a a UserScript called [[d:User:Midleading/RemoveRedundantLabels.js|RemoveRedundantLabels.js]]. This user script adds a new tool Item, that can be used to remove all labels that are the same as mul label, in one click. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' *New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13696|taxon aspect image]] (<nowiki>an exemplary image of a particular aspect for this taxon. Relevant for taxonomic identification</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13694|Mizuumi Wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P13695|My Abandonware company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13697|Vintagepostcards-Archive-ID]], [[:d:Property:P13698|Historical picture postcards University of Osnabrück ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/awarded for type of work|awarded for type of work]] (<nowiki>type of work for which an award or type of award is conferred</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/display size (diagonal)|display size (diagonal)]] (<nowiki>diagonal length of a rectangular electronic display</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/non-free official cover art URL|non-free official cover art URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a copyrighted cover image for a creative work at an authorized distributor's website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IUPAC name|IUPAC name]] (<nowiki>Name of a chemical compound following the IUPAC nomenclature of (in)organic chemistry.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Creed|Creed]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artfacts artist ID|Artfacts artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nextroom building ID|nextroom building ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/USB device ID|USB device ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Caixin company ID|Caixin company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIBFRAME Work ID|BIBFRAME Work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Primary Vessel Number|Primary Vessel Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Songsofy artist ID|Songsofy artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PCI vendor hexadecimal ID|PCI vendor hexadecimal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms entry ID|The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/T10 vendor ID string|T10 vendor ID string]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military entry ID|The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SPoT skater ID (new scheme)|SPoT skater ID (new scheme)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une pièce musicale dans le répertoire de la SACEM|Identifiant d'une pièce musicale dans le répertoire de la SACEM]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/9twM Mothers on Wikidata] - explore the mother and child relationships of Wikidata items. ** [https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/wikidata/tYjsyi Human with article in simple and no english article] (QLever) ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Articles_on_simple_Wikipedia_but_not_en.Wikipedia|source]]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q20683626|2016 Taiwanese presidential election (Q20683626)]] - election in Taiwan * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1334366|illing (L1334366)]] - English adjective/noun (ˈɪlɪŋ) meaning "annoyed/unhappy", "acting aggressively", or "in a difficult situation" ''' Development ''' * We attended [[Wikimania:2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 205]] in Nairobi * We continued efforts to get our new mobile statement UI for Items with the Kartographer extension, and merged a first version that mostly works ([[Phab:T394906]]) * We began work on including accessibility testing for the new mobile statement editing UI for Items ([[Phab:T400678]]) * The entity types for the new search dropdown has been updated to have Items at the top ([[Phab:T398817]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29104433 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 18 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #693 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-18. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#692]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! Mark your calendars for our third session of our event series, an Introduction to Wikidata/EMCO, which is meant to introduce EMCO participants and anyone interested to Wikidata and to develop frameworks and skills for entity management in the Wikidata environment. We will review searching in Wikidata and have a practical, hands-on exercise where everyone can create a new person item and add some statements. Join us Tuesday, August 19th at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1755619200 Time zone converter]. Please see our [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO project page] for more information and Zoom links. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rTKWoZY8I8Y What Is Wikidata? - Be App Savvy] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=IYlzoFT3Wi4&pp=0gcJCf8Ao7VqN5tD OpenStreetMap x Wikidata] - Wikidata Taiwan ''' Tool of the week ''' * Magnus Manske’s developed a [https://como.toolforge.org/#/game/autodesc Como Wikidata Game] using Autodesc, this game suggests short descriptions for Wikidata items that don't have any. Review each suggestion, improve it if needed, and submit a concise, accurate description. Additioanlly the andriod application for the game is available for download at [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.toolforge.como Google Play Store] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Are you a developer using Wikidata's data in your application with the action API or Query Service? The Wikidata development would love to talk to you to help improve how you can get to Wikidata's data. More details [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/x2sslsjb/apply here (Great Question)]. User interview is 60-mins and you’ll receive compensation as a thank-you for your time. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13699|National Library of Nigeria ID]], [[:d:Property:P13700|Artfacts artist ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Código INE (Bolivia)|Código INE (Bolivia)]] (<nowiki>Official hierarchical identifier of the National Institute of Statistics of Bolivia for administrative entities such as departments, provinces and municipalities.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/quality for|quality for]] (<nowiki>quality that is described by this sense of adjective/grammatical modifier</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/type of quality|type of quality]] (<nowiki>qualifier of "item for this modifier" that specifies the type of quality</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has wireless capabilities|has wireless capabilities]] (<nowiki>type of wireless connectivity this device has/supports</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/designed for handedness|designed for handedness]] (<nowiki>hand(s) that this object is intended to be used with</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Valais cantonal parliament ID|Valais cantonal parliament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arcanes ID|Arcanes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism entry ID|A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IGDB tag ID|IGDB tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechnoMusicWorld artist ID|TechnoMusicWorld artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechnoMusicWorld release ID|TechnoMusicWorld release ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechnoMusicWorld track ID|TechnoMusicWorld track ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Dentistry entry ID|A Dictionary of Dentistry entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CELL ID|CELL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Flemish Community Masterpieces List item ID|Flemish Community Masterpieces List item ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation entry ID|A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hamburger Frauenbiografien ID|Hamburger Frauenbiografien ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GamesIndustry.biz topic ID|GamesIndustry.biz topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ophardt Team Sportevent person ID|Ophardt Team Sportevent person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LINDAS ID|LINDAS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital ROC people ID|Digital ROC people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Fine Arts, Lyon object ID|Museum of Fine Arts, Lyon object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nebraska Authors author ID|Nebraska Authors author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/InfoconDB series ID|InfoconDB series ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/InfoconDB conference ID|InfoconDB conference ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/setlist.fm festival ID|setlist.fm festival ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital ROC event ID|Digital ROC event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS scholar ID|ScholarGPS scholar ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS institution ID|ScholarGPS institution ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS field and discipline ID|ScholarGPS field and discipline ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS specialty ID|ScholarGPS specialty ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Digital Ark person ID|The Digital Ark person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS country profile ID|ScholarGPS country profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MHOBT ID|MHOBT ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd person ID|Letterboxd person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/F4Fv Wikidata entities shaped like businesses] ([https://w.wiki/F4Mf Sparql source]) ** [https://w.wiki/6DJd Map of sub-categories of a Commons category] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Irish_Traditional_Music WikiProject Irish Traditional Music] - This project aims to enhance the representation of Irish traditional music on Wikidata * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q737062|Olympia (Q737062)]] - painting by Édouard Manet * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1250690|spegnere (L1250690)]] - Italian verb (ˈspeɲ.ɲe.re) meaning "to extinguish (a fire)", "to turn off (a device)", or "to die (euphemistic)" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We are continuing the work - so far on the read-only mobile version. We will start looking into editing soon. You can follow along with the development on [https://wikidata.beta.wmflabs.org beta Wikidata]. * GraphQL: We are continuing some experiments with GraphQL to see if it is useful for specific types of access to Wikidata's data. * Dumps: We are starting to experiment with subset dumps to see if we can get meaningful smaller dumps for reusers. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are working on scalability issues around the number of changes from Wikidata that get sent to Wikipedia and co. As part of this we are continuing to look into how to decrease the number of changes in recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co that don't actually affect an article there. ** We are investigating how the upcoming larger rollout of Parsoid affects the tracking of Wikidata usage in articles. ** We are looking into improving the Databox Lua module that is used especially in smaller Wikipedias to get Wikidata-powered infoboxes. * Federation: We are looking at the previous prototype for Federated Properties that allowed to use Wikidata's Properties on another Wikibase instance. We are checking what if anything of it can be revived for our current work to allow other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata's Items and Properties seamlessly. * Data governance: We are concluding research around the current undestanding of people about which data should go where in the Wikibase Ecosystem. * Constraint reports: We limited Special:ConstraintReport to logged-in users to avoid AI scrapers hitting the systems too hard ([[phab:T401789])) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Cyprus|Cyprus]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] . [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> == Tech News: 2025-34 == <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:33, 19 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 25 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #694 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-18. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#693]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Rubah_Hitam_Vukova|Rubah Hitam Vukova]] - RfP scheduled to end after 31 August 2025 14:16 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DifoolBot_7|DifoolBot 7]] - task(s): Adding a Wikipedia reference to unsourced day-precision [[d:Property:P569|date of birth (P569)]] and [[d:Property:P570|date of death (P570)]] claims. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Dolabbot|Dolabbot]] - task(s): Import module subpages from other wikis (mainly English wiktionary) to Korean wiktionary and addition of corresponding Wikidata sitelinks. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Pilot_Project_for_AI-Assisted_Wikidata_Onboarding_%26_Quality_Control|Pilot project for AI-Assisted Wikidata onboarding and Quality control]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The call for proposals deadline for [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]] is very close (end of the August). Submit your session proposals at this [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp Call for Proposals] page. ** Wikidata's 13th birthday decentralized events will take place in October and November 2025. Feel free to browse [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Run an event|the documentation pages]] to learn how to organize an event in your area and get in touch with other organizers. If you need funding support, make sure to apply for the micro-grants before the deadline of September 1st. Please help translate the documentation pages into your language. ** [[m:WikiCite_2025|WikiCite 2025]]: a 3-day (25 - 31 August 2025) conference, summit and hackathon for creating an ecosystem of bibliographical data. To attend online, please sign-up on the [[m:WikiCite_2025/Participants|Participants]] page. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://www.stephenharrison.com/p/how-wikidata-is-coding-for-humanity How Wikidata is coding for humanity] - In this interview, Lydia Pintscher of Wikimedia Deutschland speaks with Stephen Harrison on how Wikidata connects human and machine-readable knowledge and why contributing to it is having a global impact. * Papers: [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5396411#:~:text=Abstract,and%20automated%20decision%2Dmaking%20systems. Wikidata's Worldview: A Semantic Network Analysis of an AI Knowledge Pipeline] - The paper examines Wikidata as a key AI knowledge source, showing how its structures and classifications influence machine decision-making, and calls for greater transparency in AI data systems. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=OeiXnbpRC2A What Wikidata Reveals About the Good Side of the Internet] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nuzw-qehCT8 Resolving the Empty Result Issue in the Wikidata Query Service] * Podcast: [https://www.iheart.com/podcast/263-tech-talks-daily-28475628/episode/3391-what-wikidata-reveals-about-the-290000631/ Tech Talks Daily - What Wikidata reveals about the good side of the internet?] - This episode features Lydia Pintscher who reveals how this massive, collaborative dataset empowers communities worldwide to build tools for the public good, and what a truly “good internet” can look like... * Presentations: [[d:File:Wikimania 2025 - Wikidata a whirlwind tour through the land of Wikidata-powered apps.pdf|Wikimania 2025 - Wikidata a whirlwind tour through the land of Wikidata-powered apps]] (slides for a talk showcasing Wikidata powered apps at Wikimania 2025) By Lydia Pintscher ''' Tool of the week ''' * The [[m:Como|Como GWAP]]<small> (''[[d:Q125832524|Q125832524]]'')</small> (games with a purpose) app has just released to the [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/como-a-crowdsourcing-game/id6686407794 iOS App Store]. Also playable in your [https://como.toolforge.org/ Web Browser] and Android ([https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.toolforge.como Google Play Store]), the latest release includes Stats tracking and Leaderboards. * A new tool [[Wikidata:Tools/SPARQL Recent Changes 2|SPARQL Recent Changes 2]] has been released and enables mass-validation of entities in Wikidata based on their recent changes. This tool enables users to ensure that whole subgraphs are valid according to any given EntitySchema! * [https://wikicrowd.toolforge.org/groups WikiCrowd] A tool for crowdsourced micro-edits on Wikimedia projects, letting users make quick contributions—like labeling images or answering simple questions—to improve data on Commons and Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[m:Wikisource reader app|Wikisource reader app]] was released. It utilizes the power of Wikidata. * [https://paulina.toolforge.org/ Paulina] won one of this year's [[m:Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Awards]] = Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review = <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Property:P13713|rewards this type of work]] (<nowiki>kind of work for which an award is given</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13715|‎watercraft prefix]] (<nowiki>prefix applied to watercraft operated by different organisations</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13718|‎proposed entity type]] (<nowiki>what a proposed entity would be</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13723|‎Modern Shrine Ranking]] (<nowiki>Rank in the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13724|‎Cyclocross24 rider ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a cyclo-cross cyclist in the Cyclocross24 database</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13732|‎DuckDuckGo bang]] (<nowiki>Identifier for use of DuckDuckGo bang shortcut</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Property:P13701|Database dei fondi musicali toscani ID]], [[:d:Property:P13702|‎Deaf Movie Database person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13703|‎Deaf Movie Database genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P13704|‎Deaf Movie Database language ID]], [[:d:Property:P13705|‎Deaf Movie Database country ID]], [[:d:Property:P13706|‎MacPorts port]], [[:d:Property:P13707|‎dvdcompare.net film ID]], [[:d:Property:P13708|‎Encyclopedia of Indianapolis ID]], [[:d:Property:P13709|Mobility Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13712|PCPartPicker product type ID]], [[:d:Property:P13714|Library of Congress BIBFRAME Work ID]], [[:d:Property:P13716|USB device ID]], [[:d:Property:P13717|Rekhta Gujarati author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13719|A Dictionary of Public Health entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13720|Yandex Books author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13721|CoreTennis.net player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13722|rada.info council ID]], [[:d:Property:P13725|Athletics Podium person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13726|‎CESAR title ID]], [[:d:Property:P13727|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Russian version)]], [[:d:Property:P13728|Polish Taxpayer Identification Number]], [[:d:Property:P13729|‎Berardi Arte artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P13730|Swiss Films person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13731|Swiss Films company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13733|médiathèque de Sceaux catalog author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13734|EASIN ID]], [[:d:Property:P13735|A Dictionary of Genetics entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13736|A Dictionary of Sports Studies entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13737|Open Science Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P13738|PCI vendor hexadecimal ID]], [[:d:Property:P13739|NuGet package]], [[:d:Property:P13740|LINDAS ID]], [[:d:Property:P13741|‎Archaeological Cadastre (Greece) ID]], [[:d:Property:P13742|Dictionary of American Family Names ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/museociclismo|museociclismo]] (<nowiki>id for museociclismo.it</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificativo Viario di Roma|identificativo Viario di Roma]] (<nowiki>identifier for a street in Rome</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/form factor|form factor]] (<nowiki>physical design paradigm this object is aligned with</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/implies (2)|implies (2)]] (<nowiki>axiom or conjecture that this axiom or conjecture implies</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/comes with|comes with]] (<nowiki>object which is included with this item, but is not part of it</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd person ID|Letterboxd person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EU-ID|EU-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Viario di Roma ID|Viario di Roma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kick username|Kick username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ene dilim ID|Ene dilim ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LTT Labs product ID|LTT Labs product ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Concept ID in Arab Encyclopedia|Concept ID in Arab Encyclopedia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/La Fayette ID|La Fayette ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archivio Storico Ricordi partiture ID|Archivio Storico Ricordi partiture ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/United Methodist Church church ID|United Methodist Church church ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Record Group Number of National Archives Administration, Taiwan|Record Group Number of National Archives Administration, Taiwan]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Autostraddle topic ID|Autostraddle topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LGBTQ Nation tag ID|LGBTQ Nation tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Advocate tag ID|The Advocate tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Xtra Magazine topic ID|Xtra Magazine topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Out tag ID|Out tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Queerty tag ID|Queerty tag ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/F6NR Cool beaches in Antartica] ** [https://w.wiki/F8At Airports with IATA and/or ICAO airport codes, their wikidata Item id's and the English label of the Item] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Airport_query|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_They_not_were_witches_they_were_women WikiProject They Were Not Witches, They Were Women] - A Wikidata project preserving the stories of women accused as witches in Catalonia and Andorra (1419–1796). * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q9321426|Le Monde de Dory (Q9321426)]] - 2016 American animated film directed by Andrew Stanton * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L8031|消す (L8031)]] - Japanese verb (けす, kesu) meaning "to erase", "to turn off", or "to delete" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: After focusing on the initial read-only version, we are now starting the work on the actual editing mode. You can follow along with the development on [https://wikidata.beta.wmflabs.org beta Wikidata]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are continuing to work on scalability issues around the number of changes from Wikidata that get sent to Wikipedia and co. As part of this we are continuing to look into how to decrease the number of changes in recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co that don't actually affect an article there. * GraphQL: We now have a prototype for GraphQL for Wikidata. We'd love to have your feedback about it, especially if you are a developer building applications with Wikidata's data. More details at [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL prototype|GraphQL prototype]] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] . [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:32, 25 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> == Tech News: 2025-35 == <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:07, 26 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:40, 1 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #695 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-25. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#694]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[d:wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Rubah Hitam Vukova|Rubah Hitam Vukova]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Last chance to submit a session for [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the proposals deadline is imminent: head to this '''[https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp Call for Proposals page]''' to submit an idea'' (drafts are welcome, they can be edited for a week after the deadline).'' ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series: fourth session, ''Introduction to Wikidata/EMCO'', with a hands-on exercise creating a corporate body item and adding statements. Tuesday, September 2 – 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST ('''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Time zone converter]'''). [[Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO|More info and Zoom links]]. ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #80 September 15 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61752245 Mozilla Community Space Taipei]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Press: [https://www.fastcompany.com/91391335/big-tech-locks-data-away-wikidata-gives-it-back-to-the-internet Big Tech locks data away. Wikidata gives it back to the internet] * Blogs: [https://addshore.com/2025/08/wikidata-instance-of-and-subclass-of-through-time-p31-p279/ Wikidata, instance of and subclass of through time (P31 & P279)] * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=M0Bk83ZLTyw&pp=0gcJCRsBo7VqN5tD LD4 2025 - Wikidata Affinity Group Session - Introduction to Wikidata for Entity Management] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dviYC912yQs&pp=0gcJCRsBo7VqN5tD How to create a work and edition in Wikidata] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://toolsadmin.wikimedia.org/tools/id/enet DerDieDas for Danish] is a Wikidata-based game to practice Danish. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is hiring a [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/58843265?l=en Senior Software Engineer (all genders) for the Wikibase Suite], starting October 1, 2025. The role is full-time or part-time, hybrid, and based in Berlin, focused on building open-source tools for linked open data. * The [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/Tech|Rapid Fund/Tech]] program, launched on July 24, 2025, provides up to $5,000 per project for coding tools that improve contributions to Wikimedia projects. Applications are reviewed every two months, with priority for impactful projects with clear, critical, and well-planned milestones. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13745|parts per area]] (<nowiki>average number of parts per unit of area</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13749|‎display size (diagonal)]] (<nowiki>diagonal length of a rectangular electronic display</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13743|Digital ROC people ID]], [[:d:Property:P13744|Digital ROC event ID]], [[:d:Property:P13746|T10 vendor ID string]], [[:d:Property:P13747|Confederation of African Tennis player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13748|‎Nextroom building ID]], [[:d:Property:P13750|Concept ID in Arab Encyclopedia]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/game stat|game stat]] (<nowiki>metric to what extent a character in a role-playing game (or game with role-playing elements) possesses a specific natural, in-born characteristic common to all characters in the game</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/open meeting page URL|open meeting page URL]] (<nowiki>Information page describing open meetings, public meetings or town hall meetings</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Islamic calligraphy|Islamic calligraphy]] (<nowiki>property that shows the Islamic calligraphy for a person</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Minfin company ID|Minfin company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss Performing Arts vocabularies ID|Swiss Performing Arts vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Doha Dictionary root id|Doha Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sharjah Dictionary root id|Sharjah Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fantacalcio ID|Fantacalcio ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GayCities ID|GayCities ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Washington Blade tag ID|Washington Blade tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IN Magazine tag ID|IN Magazine tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Teen Vogue tag ID|Teen Vogue tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diva tag ID|Diva tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Attitude tag ID|Attitude tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Metro Source tag ID|Metro Source tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PLUS tag ID|PLUS tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wussy Magazine tag ID|Wussy Magazine tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Plant Ontology ID|Plant Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dimensions.com element ID|Dimensions.com element ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISU-Skating.com-Identifikator|ISU-Skating.com-Identifikator]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/AhtV Species of birds and their sounds] ([https://x.com/espejolento/status/1814353851253735846 source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Art_UK WikiProject Art UK] is an effort to document the various properties and volunteer (art-related) work on Wikidata. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q82069695|SARS-CoV-2 (Q82069695)]] - virus that causes COVID-19 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L303896|øye (L303896)]] - Norwegian noun (ˈœʏə) meaning "organ of sight", "gaze or look", or "point of view" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We developed the first pieces of the edit mode as well as the ability to add statements. You can always follow along on [https://m.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Q424242 beta Wikidata] and find more information on the [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|project page]]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to look into reducing the number of changes that show up on Wikipedia and co's Recent changes and Watchlist ([[phab:T401284]]) * Federation: We looked at previous requests to add new endpoints to the list of SPARQL endpoints you can federate with and are cleaning up the process for getting new ones added. If you have one you'd like to write federated SPARQL queries to now is a good time to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VYCK46OQWF5IZERU5LFMHDLENI62NQJP/ request them]. * Lexicographical data: You can now limit searches to Lexemes with a Lemma in a specific spelling variant with the '''haslemma''' keywords and to Lexemes with a specific language with the '''in language''' keyword. Examples: [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=lexeme%3Ahaslemma%3Aen-au%2Cen-ca&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1&searchToken=9no6tq1pxsndwkxnvs7p8av0e 1] [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=inlanguage%3Aoc&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns146=1&searchToken=4zxweq7wlit9q2rhcljfk1zp5 2] ([[phab:T271776]]) * GraphQL: We are evaluating feedback we received so far. If you are developing applications with Wikidata's data it'd be great if you could [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL prototype|have a look at the current prototype and provide feedback]]. * Dumps: We are experimenting to see how we can provide smaller subset dumps for Wikidata ([[phab:T400870]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] . [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:30, 1 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29207107 --> == Tech News: 2025-36 == <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 1 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == This Month in Education: August 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 8 • August 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom|Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki|Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins|Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI|Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader|From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators|From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain|Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal|Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network|Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/The brains behind Wikipedia|The brains behind Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers|Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point|Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers|Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University|Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers|St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna|Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education|In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer|Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:16, 2 September 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29205629 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ja:トンスル]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee. Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:28, 8 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #696 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-08. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#695]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot:[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/IndExsBot| IndExsBot]] - Task(s): Add Subject external identifier [[d:Property:P12371|IndExs Exsiccata editor ID (P12371)]] to existing persons which are stated in the indexes of [[d:Q125246464|Exsiccatae]] database. ''' Events ''' * Past events: ** The [[:m:WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] conference took place in Berne, Switzerland. It showcased WikiCite-related efforts across multiple wikis, disciplines, languages and countries. Most of it was both streamed and recorded, and the videos are currently being processed. ** The [[:toolforge:scholia/event/Q131386723|SEMANTICS 2025]] conference took place in Vienna, Austria. Wikidata was mentioned in several keynotes and multiple other talks, posters and demos. The poster [[:commons:File:The Wikidata Query Service split and its impact on the scholarly graph - poster at the SEMANTICS 2025 conference.pdf|The Wikidata Query Service split and its impact on the scholarly graph]] zoomed in on the [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS graph split]]. * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday|Wikidata's 13th Birthday]] update: Funding applications are now closed, and the review process is underway. Applicants will be notified about the status of their submissions shortly. Are you planning to organize an event for the birthday but haven’t added it to the calendar yet? You can do so here: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Calendar|Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Calendar]] 🎉 ** The deadline for the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/EPB4LTXZA2FFUINWUC3LAGHYWG6ZED6Y/ Fall 2025 MediaWiki Users & Developers Conference] CfP is extended until September 15th. The conference will be held on October 28 - 30th, and hosted by the TIB Leibniz Centre in Hanover, Germany. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: Past, Present and Future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library: TiagoLubiana reflects on their tenure at the [[d:Q172266|BHL (Q172266)]], integrating the biodiversity collections into the Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Read on Diff Blog] * Papers: Revealing hidden figures within natural history collections by empowering students with data sleuthing skills - Mabry et al.,(2025) [https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nse2.70025 Read here] * Videos: ** WiLES Wikidata Lexicographical Event Semantics modeling for natural languages (LD4 2025) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JAi0p1aJzM YouTube] ** Wikidata presentations and lightning talks (LD4 2025) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Kj_QNklPbs YouTube] ** On Wikiskills 1st Wikidata Training (Africa Wiki Women) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=xnCOBqResik YouTube] ** (French) Lors de la 1ère formation Wikidata de Wikiskills [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=E92TkPJvomY YouTube] ** Plugging into the WikiVerse: A Plug for a Wikidata Plug-in for ArchivesSpace [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2Jwlu_AXcV4 YouTube] * Presentations: ** [[m:WikiCite_2025|WikiCite 2025]] presentation slidedecks can be found linked individually from the [[m:m:WikiCite_2025/Programme|programme page]] or collectively on the [[c:Category:WikiCite_2025_presentation_slides|Commons category]]. ** [https://slides.com/wragge/wikifest-slv-2025 Wikidata / GLAM a few experiments]... by Tim Sherratt showcasing reuse of Wikidata ''' Tool of the week ''' * Dacit is a listening-training app for cochlear implant users, built as part of a Master's Thesis for LMU Munich, it is powered by Wikidata-lexicographical data. Practice with 3 different excercises; identify (German-language) speakers, words and minimal pairs in your [https://dacit.kristbaum.org/ browser] or as an [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kristbaum.dacit&hl=en android app] * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:TomT0m/LexToWiktionary.js LexToWiktonary]is a userscript that adds a Wiktionary links button on Wikidata Lexeme pages. It checks the lemmas of a lexeme, finds matching entries across different Wiktionary language editions, and shows them in a popup for quick access, with an option to expand to all Wiktionaries. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The submission deadline for [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon]] proposals has passed. Proposals that were submitted in time can still be edited until Sep 9. Proposals are hidden by default, but [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025/Submissions|a page for sharing submissions]] is available and can facilitate coordination. * [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Help panel|Help Panel]] has been deployed on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Wikidata Beta].🎉 This is a feature designed to guide contributors with quick links to relevant help pages. It currently appears in read mode across most pages and can be configured by admins. You can enable it in your Beta preferences under "Newcomer features". To help shape its future on Wikidata, we're inviting you to test it and share feedback on [[mw:Help_talk:Growth/Tools/Help_panel|this talk]] page. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13768|form factor]] (<nowiki>physical design paradigm this object is aligned with</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13751|The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13752|The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13753|Valais cantonal parliament ID]], [[:d:Property:P13754|Arcanes ID]], [[:d:Property:P13755|A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13756|IGDB keyword ID]], [[:d:Property:P13757|A Dictionary of Dentistry entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13758|Record Group Number of the National Archives Administration, National Development Council, Taiwan (R.O.C.)]], [[:d:Property:P13760|A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13761|Doha Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Property:P13762|Sharjah Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Property:P13763|Saulchoir library ID]], [[:d:Property:P13764|Observer tag]], [[:d:Property:P13765|‎Hamburger Frauenbiografien ID]], [[:d:Property:P13766|Ophardt Team Sportevent person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13767|Museum of Fine Arts, Lyon object ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Release date of film|Release date of film]] (<nowiki>The date when a film was first released to the public</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/part number 2|part number 2]] (<nowiki>identifier for a product or part designated by its manufacturer for inventory and ordering purposes</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/backwards compatible with|backwards compatible with]] (<nowiki>backwards compatible with the identified platform, software, or system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/level or map of|level or map of]] (<nowiki>video games that this video game level or map belongs to</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/resistance|resistance]] (<nowiki>Resistance of organisms (systems) to common adverserial influences like pests, pathogens, drugs, attack vectors, ...</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GBFS feed URL|GBFS feed URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a GBFS feed for the bicycle-sharing system</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GENC 3-character code|GENC 3-character code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/L'Équipe athlete ID|L'Équipe athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sancho el Sabio Foundation ID|Sancho el Sabio Foundation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/British Authors author ID|British Authors author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gamepadla ID|Gamepadla ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VGA Legacy MKIII ID|VGA Legacy MKIII ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Noormags ID|Noormags ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/qamus.inoor.ir entry ID|qamus.inoor.ir entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RSQV ID|RSQV ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Naturalis authority ID|Naturalis authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital Library of the Community of Madrid ID|Digital Library of the Community of Madrid ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Trainspo model ID|Trainspo model ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/FG$r Number of hospital beds] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Request_a_query Source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_ASBS_2025 WikiProject ASBS 2025] - Aims to Engage the botanical community at the 2025 ASBS Conference to promote and enhance contributions to Wikidata, Wikipedia, and Wikimedia Commons. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L739282|PC (L739282)]] - English noun (ˌpiːˈsiː) meaning "Personal Computer", "Printed Circuit", or "Peace Corps" ''' Development ''' * We're investigate options for improving information saved while publishing ([[phab:T403149]]) * Mobile Editing Experience: we added multi-language support ([[phab:T402630|T402630]]) * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to look into reducing the number of changes that show up on Wikipedia and co's Recent changes and Watchlist from edits to aliases ([[phab:T401288]]), [[m:m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Reduce_change_propagation_noise#More_granular_Alias_tracking|more info]] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:41, 8 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29224612 --> == ''The Signpost'': 9 September 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/News and notes|Wikimedia Foundation loses a round in court]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/In the media|Congress probes, mayor whitewashed, AI stinks]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Disinformation report|A guide for Congress]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Recent research|Minority-language Wikipedias, and Wikidata for botanists]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Technology report|A new way to read Wikisource]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Traffic report|Check out some new ''Weapons'', weapon of choice]] * Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Essay|The one question]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 01:08, 9 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29233676 --> == Tech News: 2025-37 == <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:09, 9 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VIII, August 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025 in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Cultural Heritage in Brazil: School communities, Wikisource course, GLAM-Wiki Impact and Wiki Takes Alcântara * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization starts at two more libraries in West Bengal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Grant for GLAM Indonesia is open! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From food festivals to PhD courses: Wikimedia in Italian academia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: NZ species edit-a-thons, a scholarly article, a course, and Auckland Museum editors at Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Highlights from Wiki Heritage Fellowship and Policy Advocacy in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wiki Loves Film – Collaboration with MakeDox Film Festival * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: When Wikipedia Becomes a Guide in the Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: BAM Hackathon, 3D for Cultural Heritage, Wiki Cite * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Working towards more image sharing * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiknics * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: News on BHL transition and updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Steps towards a sustainable cultural commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: A pivotal month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Wikisource Reader app released on Google Play Store * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:25, 11 September 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29253474 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the "Kapsan faction". This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 15 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29249252 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #697 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-15. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#696]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Project Chat: [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Multiple_items_linked_to_single_categories,_redux|Multiple items linked to single categories, redux]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series introduces participants to Wikidata/EMCO. The session guides attendees through creating a project and project page, followed by an open working hour for creating and editing in Wikidata and asking questions. Join on Tuesday, September 16th at 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST. More details and Zoom links are on the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO|project page]]. **[[w:pt:Wikipédia:Edit-a-thon/Atividades em português/Wikidata Lab XLVI|Wikidata Lab XLVI: Wikidata and semantic memory]] (in English). On September 18th, at 17UTC. Live [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1blwYH68xI on Youtube]. ** '''Virtual course: Wikidata and public domain (in Spanish)'''. On September 25th start this online course until March 26, 2026. [https://www.articaonline.com/curso-en-linea-wikidata-y-dominio-publico/ Registration open on this form]. ** [[d:Event:Govdirectory US office hour September 2025|Govdirectory US office hour]], 25 September ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/GM6ODGJLVISTTXGSPPGS6W2TVAPI3QQA/ Apply now: Scholarships for Wikimania 2026 in Paris!] Deadline is October 31, 2025 (anywhere in the world). Notification of decisions will be sent in January 2026. ** Notifications for [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday|Wikidata Thirteenth Birthday]] microgrant applications are currently being sent out in batches. If you are planning to run an event but have not yet added your event to the calendar, please do so here: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar|Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar]] ** [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]] proposal reviews are about to end. We are currently building an initial programme and will soon inform Speakers before publishing a first Schedule! ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: GLAM Newsletter: Biodiversity Heritage Library update, harvesting Wikidata identifiers and improving the [https://bhl2wiki.herokuapp.com/ BHL2Wiki Tool] - ''[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August_2025/Contents/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library_report|Read the article]]'' * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kArK6yf4jGA EduWiki Conference - Using AI on Wikipedia and Wikidata Editing for Health Education] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6gjBPOXm-ak Using Duplicity: Link Wikipedia articles to Wikidata Items] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7kNjuXnsa6c How to Get the Used Language in WIKIDATA/SPARQL with [AUTO_LANGUAGE Parameter] ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=JmGNeehrnUc Let's improve information about Carnival on Wikidata] ** Wikidata Lab XLVI: Wikidata and Semantic Memory, don't miss the workshop! (scheduled: 18.09.25, 1700 UTC) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1blwYH68xI&pp=ygUIV2lraWRhdGE%3D YouTube] * WikiCite 2025 Presentations: ** Extracting citation relations from legacy publications, by David Lindeman - [[c:File:Extracting_citation_relations_from_legacy_publications.webm|watch on Commons]] ** A proposal for managing personal collections in Wikidata, by Tania Maio - [[c:File:Maio_Wikicite_2025.webm|watch on Commons]] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://paulina.toolforge.org/ Paulina] is a Wikidata-based tool for the GLAM community that facilitates searching for authors and works, helps identify their copyright status in different countries, and provides access to works when available. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Help us test the new [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Help_panel|Help Panel]] feature, now enabled on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Wikidata Beta] * The Wikimedia Foundation launched a new team, the [[mw:Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform Team]], to lead development and maintenance of query services, aiming for stable, scalable data access in collaboration with WMDE and the community. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13769|open meeting page URL]] (<nowiki>information page describing open meetings, public meetings or town hall meetings</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13773|‎LSF rating]] (<nowiki>Indonesia film classification administered by the Film Censorship Board</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13783|‎designed for handedness]] (<nowiki>hand(s) that this object is intended to be used with</nowiki>) *New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13770|Personnel de l'administration préfectorale depuis 1945 ID]], [[:d:Property:P13771|La Fayette ID]], [[:d:Property:P13772|Harper's tag]], [[:d:Property:P13774|‎TechnoMusicWorld artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P13775|‎TechnoMusicWorld track ID]], [[:d:Property:P13776|‎Serbian settlement ID]], [[:d:Property:P13777|‎setlist.fm festival ID]], [[:d:Property:P13778|ScholarGPS scholar ID]], [[:d:Property:P13779|ScholarGPS institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P13780|ScholarGPS field and discipline ID]], [[:d:Property:P13781|ScholarGPS specialty ID]], [[:d:Property:P13782|The Digital Ark person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13784|MHOBT ID]], [[:d:Property:P13785|Gamepadla ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NRK topic ID|NRK topic ID]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/result of addition|result of addition]] (<nowiki>mathematical result obtained by adding two or more numbers or quantities together</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenStreetMap key|OpenStreetMap key]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Meetup.com Event ID|Meetup.com Event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biological Imaging Methods Ontology ID|Biological Imaging Methods Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anne Frank House persond ID|Anne Frank House persond ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PortableApps ID|PortableApps ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Maitron d'une commune|Identifiant Maitron d'une commune]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Library Board Singapore ID (new scheme)|National Library Board Singapore ID (new scheme)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NWO Project ID|NWO Project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenITI Author URI|OpenITI Author URI]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DisplaySpecifications.com model ID|DisplaySpecifications.com model ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/网易云音乐专辑编号|网易云音乐专辑编号]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PnP vendor ID|PnP vendor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PnP device ID|PnP device ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mellopedia|Mellopedia]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/FLRz Artworks owned by Perls Dynasty] - see it visualised on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GPlcOvCVMo&list=PLkHbiY2yRD8rlWkuKf-Utl7GTuW37grZQ&index=5 YouTube] ** [https://w.wiki/tBr BubbleChart of Wikidata Lexeme forms by language] ** [https://w.wiki/FLUM Institutions that host the most UNESCO Memory of the World International Register inscriptions] ([[:d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/memory_of_the_world|Source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:Wikiproject_University_of_Toronto_Libraries_EMCO|University of Toronto Libraries EMCO]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Jewish_Studies_and_Jewish_Heritage|Jewish Studies and Heritage]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q6911|Diary of Anne Frank (Q6911)]] - famous diary of a 13-year old Dutch Jewish girl hiding from the Nazis to escape the Holocaust * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L4476|blow (L4476)]] - English verb (bloʊ) meaning "to push air", "to explode", or "to perform fellatio" ''' Development ''' * Scalability/sustainability: We have rolled out changes to minimize the number of entries stored in the recent changes tables of Wikipedia and co that are edits coming from Wikidata. This also reduces the number of changes from Wikidata you will see showing up in Recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co further. * [https://modelcontextprotocol.io MCP] for Wikidata: We are getting it ready for first testing. * Dumps: We are continuing to investigate how to provide smaller/subset dumps. * [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile statement editing]]: We are continuing the work on making statements editable, especially qualifiers and multiple references. * [[d:Q134301689|Anubis (Q134301689)]] anti-bot software was deployed on Wikibase Cloud and XTools to prevent site outages caused by bot traffic. ([[Phab:T399851|T399851]], [[Phab:T400229|T400229]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Japan|Japan]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:51, 15 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29224612 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29241745 --> == Tech News: 2025-38 == <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:02, 15 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:45, 22 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29311347 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #698 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-22. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#697]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[Event:Exploring Seediq: A Journey through Translation and Linked Data Documentation|Exploring Seediq: A Journey through Translation and Linked Data Documentation]] 25 October .This event will showcase the Seediq communities’ translation of the OCLC white paper on Wikibase, followed by an overview of the full paper. It will conclude with an open discussion on the lessons learned during the translation project and broader reflections on linked data. ** [[d:Event:Govdirectory US office hour September 2025|Govdirectory US office hour]], 25 September ** FREE virtual 1hr Wiki webinar focusing on plant biodiversity. Open to anyone wanting to improve their digital outreach skills by enriching Wikidata. Tuesday 14th of October at 3pm NZST. [https://tepapa.zoom.us/meeting/register/_g4sKy2KTYGMIhtNIAxGeA#/registration Register to get link]. ** [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday|Wikidata’s 13th Birthday]] is just around the corner! Are you planning to host a celebration but haven’t added it to the calendar yet? Join the party! Thirty-nine (39) events are already scheduled, and yours can be too: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Calendar|Birthday Calendar]]. It’s also the perfect time to contribute a birthday present or message to [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages|this list]]. Gifts can be anything that celebrates Wikidata and its amazing community like a script you’ve written, a tool improvement, a visual, a poem... 🎉 ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: (French) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=RbxuPd7eprk Formation Wikidata 2 de WikiSkills] By Africa Wiki Women ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-todo.toolforge.org/duplicity/#/ Duplicity] This tool can pick a random article on a wiki without associated Wikidata item, and offer some possible matches on Wikidata, so you can add it to an existing item, or create a new one. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[phab:T403210|Call for Projects and Mentors for Outreachy Round 31]]! If you have some ideas for coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, outreach, research) projects, share them by Sept. 26, 2025, at 4 pm UTC ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13787|number of ray tracing cores]] (<nowiki>number of ray tracing cores in a graphics processing unit</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13788|VRAM capacity]] (<nowiki>amount of dual-ported video RAM (VRAM) modules used by this device</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13789|‎has wireless capabilities]] (<nowiki>type of wireless connectivity this device has/supports</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13794|date filed]] (<nowiki>filing date for a document, e.g. a patent or court case</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13785|Gamepadla ID]], [[:d:Property:P13786|OpenStreetMap key]], [[:d:Property:P13790|EU-ID]], [[:d:Property:P13791|Roma road ID]], [[:d:Property:P13792|‎LTT Labs product ID]], [[:d:Property:P13793|Swiss Performing Arts Vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Property:P13795|wikiHow article ID]], [[:d:Property:P13796|‎GamesIndustry.biz tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13797|‎Dimensions.com element ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/image+display resolution|image+display resolution]] (<nowiki>pixel resolution of images generated or captured by this item (camera, software, etc)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/firmware|firmware]] (<nowiki>firmware installed on this hardware</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/excluding work|excluding work]] (<nowiki>work or narration for or in which this statement is <em>false</em></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has grammatical number|has grammatical number]] (<nowiki>grammatical number used in this language</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Day of Reisai|Day of Reisai]] (<nowiki>Annual Festival done by a Shinto Shrine</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/https://football.aek.com/|https://football.aek.com/]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Météo-France place ID|Météo-France place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hex package|Hex package]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Maptons ID|Maptons ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BVPB catalog ID|BVPB catalog ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dati.lnb.lv ID|dati.lnb.lv ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Needle Drop tag ID|The Needle Drop tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AfterEllen tag ID|AfterEllen tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenStreetMap relation type|OpenStreetMap relation type]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Them.us tag ID|Them.us tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DOAB book ID|DOAB book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Liste unique des décorés|identifiant Liste unique des décorés]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deník tag ID|Deník tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture entry ID|The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/qamus.inoor.ir root ID|qamus.inoor.ir root ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmarks ID|Filmarks ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/FLJ7 A map of IEC 60320 power connectors] - a cool SPARQL visualisation, by [[d:User:IagoQnsi|User:IagoQnsi]] ** [https://w.wiki/FN5J 350 people who were married, then married the sibling of their previous spouse] ([https://bsky.app/profile/magnusmanske.wikis.world.ap.brid.gy/post/3lz4kuxvpcn62 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q33947|Northern Sami (Q33947)]] - famoumost widely spoken of all Sámi languages * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L37547|Waage (L37547)]] – German noun (‘ˈvaːɡə’) meaning "scale (device for measuring mass)", "Libra constellation", or "equilibrium" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We are working more on the editing state of statements, especially qualifiers and progress indicators during saving ([[phab:T402620]]) * Dumps: We fixed an issue with some of the dumps ([[phab:T403882]]) and are improving the monitoring * GraphQL: We are working on making it easier to get labels of linked entities in an API response, starting with Items ([[phab:T404692]]) * Sustainability: We have now rolled out improvements to the tracking of Wikidata changes on the other Wikimedia projects on all projects in order to decrease the size of the database table that tracks these changes ([[phab:T401288]]) * Bug fixes: Tacsipacsi submitted fixes for two issues in error messages on Special:SetSiteLink. Thank you! ([[phab:T404499]], [[phab:T404500]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/United_States_of_America|United States of America]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:17, 22 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> [[Category:Wikidata status updates| ]] <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29288740 --> == Tech News: 2025-39 == <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 22 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == Users unable to create new pages on [[Wy/ff]] == Hello sir, can you help check this [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Error_in_Wikivoyage_Fulfulde_Incubator_(Wy/ff) this complain] please. Many of our community members are having this issue. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|talk]]) 09:38, 27 September 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] Probably you need to as this problem at [[I:AN]]? [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 21:32, 27 September 2025 (UTC) ::The complain was posted there already by another user. I followed-up here thinking it might help in attending to the issue as quickly as possible. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|talk]]) 08:51, 28 September 2025 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori. Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:58, 29 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #699 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-29. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#698]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Empat_Tilda|Empat Tilda]]: RfP scheduled to end after 3 October 2025 18:30 (UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! Mark your calendars for our first session of our WikiProject Personal Pronouns event series, which will provide a high-level overview of WikiProject Personal Pronouns' goals, past work, and implementation plans. The session will also serve as a practical orientation to the implementation work for this project, ending with a demonstration of the workflow to be used in subsequent sessions. No previous Wikidata experience is needed to participate. This session will be recorded. Slides and recordings will be found on the project page after the session. Join us Tuesday, September 30th at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=LD4+Wikidata+Affinity+Group+Project+Series+Call&iso=20250930T09&p1=234&ah=1 Time zone converter]). Please see our [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/PersonalPronouns|project page]] for more information and Zoom links. ** Wikidata are hosting a [[d:Event:Embedding_Project_Webinar|webinar on the Embedding Project]]: AI/ML Project Manager Philippe Saadé (WMDE) will introduce the project, including early experiences, wins and pitfalls, and open up the floor to your questions. *** Takes place 1600 - 1700 UTC, October 9, 2025. *** Embedding Project? [[d:Wikidata:Embedding_Project|Read about it here]] *** Want to join the Webinar? [[d:Special:EventDetails/2196|Please register here with your Wiki account]] ** 🎁 Countdown to 13!🎁 Wikidata's 13th Birthday is fast approaching and this week marks the start of the first Birthday Events! For a full rundown of all Birthday Events, please see the [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar|Birthday Calendar]].<br> Starting the month of celebrations this week include: Wali Wikimedians Community, Latin America in Wikidata 2025, Hausa Wikipedians User Group and the language communities of Zambia, Twi and Kinyarwanda and regional celebrations from the Northern Nigerian, Dagbani and Ghanaians Wikimedian communities! ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://tech-news.wikimedia.de/2025/09/19/enhanced-search-for-wikibase/ Enhanced Search for Wikibase] ** [https://cthoyt.com/2025/09/25/enriching-ror-with-wikidata.html Suggesting new relations in ROR from Wikidata] By Charles Tapley Hoyt * Papers: ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.15501 Protoknowledge Shapes Behaviour of LLMs: Text-to-SPARQL] ** [https://orb.binghamton.edu/librarian_fac/117/ Wikidata Workflows: with ORCiD and OpenRefine - a Binghamton University Case Study] By Sasha Frizzell - This lightning talk outlines Binghamton University Libraries’ pilot project to convert ORCID faculty data into Wikidata entries, showcasing linked data integration, data cleaning workflows, and strategies for enhancing institutional research visibility. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PJSWWGuPzJE Wikidata tutorial: how to merge duplicate items] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=DeHIq3wX7GE Wikidata Wikishootme SAT] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gEVKAoQc0jM How to Fetch Subclasses and Parent Classes in Wikidata SPARQL Queries] ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=41FtK-tbrK4 Black women in history through Wikidata] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkUjnDEZuYU Provenance and Restitution: Shared knowledge graphs as a tool in recovering looted cultural heritage] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Jon_Harald_S%C3%B8by/senseItemLabel.js senseItemLabel] is a UserScript by [[User:Jon Harald Søby]] The Script Lets you add the lemma for the current lexeme as a label to items added to the lexeme's senses as [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P5137 item for this sense (P5137)] in one click. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * If you've noticed a performance issue with Magnus Manske's MixMatch gagdet, [[d:User:IagoQnsi|User:IagoQnsi]] has suggested a fix, the comment and code is available from [[d:User_talk:Magnus_Manske/mixnmatch_gadget.js#Performance_fix|Talk:Magnus Manske#MixMatch performance]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13801|‎Lemmy instance URL]] (<nowiki>the Lemmy instance of or about the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13802|‎part number]] (<nowiki>identifier for a product or part designated by its manufacturer for inventory and ordering purposes</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13798|Noormags ID]], [[:d:Property:P13799|PnP device ID]], [[:d:Property:P13800|PnP vendor ID]], [[:d:Property:P13803|‎GENC 3-character code]], [[:d:Property:P13804|‎Sancho el Sabio Foundation ID]], [[:d:Property:P13805|‎British Authors author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13806|VGA Legacy MKIII graphics card ID]], [[:d:Property:P13807|‎qamus.inoor.ir entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13808|PortableApps ID]], [[:d:Property:P13809|Chinese Engineers Relational Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13810|‎DisplaySpecifications.com model ID]], [[:d:Property:P13811|Vix Vocal work id]], [[:d:Property:P13812|Naturalis author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum supported display resolution|maximum supported display resolution]] (<nowiki>maximum pixel resolution that this computing hardware or technological standard supports</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cookie policy|cookie policy]] (<nowiki>cookie policy of this website, software or digital product</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/yayasan ID|yayasan ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for Indonesian foundation on vervalyayasan.data.kemdikbud.go.id</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/luminance|luminance]] (<nowiki>measured quantity of photometric brightness (luminous intensity per area)</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmarks ID|Filmarks ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Medicin.dk disorder ID|Medicin.dk disorder ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Interaktionsdatabasen ID|Interaktionsdatabasen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition entry ID|A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenStreetMap role|OpenStreetMap role]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechPowerUp CPU Specs Database ID|TechPowerUp CPU Specs Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GPUZoo ID|GPUZoo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CPU-World ID|CPU-World ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adebiportal author|Adebiportal author]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RIA Novosti person ID|RIA Novosti person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion entry ID|The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qalamger.kz author ID|Qalamger.kz author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Does the Dog Die? media ID|Does the Dog Die? media ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sultanlar Ligi player ID|Sultanlar Ligi player ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/FRz9 maps of running and closed railway stations in Denmark] ** [https://w.wiki/FUDK Formula One Teams by employee count] - source: Discord * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Piano_Rolls|Piano Rolls]] - has bee greatly expanded and subpages added. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Open_Topstukken_Maastricht_University_and_Radboud_University/Manual|Open Topstukken Maastricht University and Radboud University]] - A user manual for contributing. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1059888|Because You Left (Q1059888)]] - episode of Lost (S5 E1) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L298686|Knoten (L298686)]] - German noun (ˈknoːtn̩) meaning "tied fastening of ropes/strings", "speed unit in aviation/shipping", or "tangled clump of hair" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We continue to make good progress, which you can check out on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Q593112&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile beta Wikidata]. Specifically it is now possible to ** save changes to edits made to string Properties on statements (without losing qualifier / reference information) ([[phab:T401405]]) ** change the rank of statements ([[phab:T402436]]) * Query Service UI: jhsoby submitted patches for two issues related to the example dialog. Thank you! ([[phab:T405747]], [[phab:T405720]]) * Lexicographical data: 1F616EMO submitted a patch to fix a localization issue on the Lexeme page. Thank you! ([[phab:T322526]]) * Dumps: We fixed issues with the n-triples and truthy dumps generation and set up a [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/6c666ea5-01de-4325-9c32-41ee09882368/wikidata-data-dumps-monitoring?orgId=1&from=now-90d&to=now&timezone=utc dashboard for monitoring] ([[phab:T403882]]) * GraphQL: We are continuing to make labels of linked entities accessible in the GraphQL endpoint ([[phab:T404692]]) * Wikidata in Wikipedia and co: We are continuing to work on improvements to how we technically track the use of Wikidata in the other Wikimedia projects in order to reduce the amount of changes from Wikidata in the watchlist and recent changes on Wikipedia and co. * Wikidata Query Service GUI: We deployed two fixes by [[:d:User:Jon Harald Søby|User:Jon Harald Søby]], thank you! ([[phab:T405720]], [[phab:T405747]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:55, 29 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29355234 --> == Tech News: 2025-40 == <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:47, 29 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == ''The Signpost'': 2 October 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/News and notes|Larry Sanger returns with "Nine Theses on Wikipedia"; WMF publishes transparency report]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/In the media|Extraordinary eruption of "EVIL" explained]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Disinformation report|Emails from a paid editing client]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Discussion report|Sourcing, conduct, policy and LLMs: another 1,339 threads analyzed]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Community view|The pressing questions of the modern WWW, as seen from the Village Pump]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Recent research|Is Wikipedia a merchant of (non-)doubt for glyphosate?; eight projects awarded Wikimedia Research Fund grants]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Opinion|Some disputes aren't worth it]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Obituary|Michael Q. Schmidt]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Traffic report|Death, hear me call your name]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Comix|A grand spectacle]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 06:54, 2 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29367448 --> == This Month in Education: September 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 9 • September 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination|Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners|CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025|2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište|Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters|Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach |Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan|Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia|Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Monográfico sobre Wikipedia en el aula, Revista Docere|Monograph on Wikipedia in the classroom, Docere Magazine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan|The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025|The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes|Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cultura libre en las aulas|Free culture in the classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs|Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:10, 2 October 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29344785 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:48, 6 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #700 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-06. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#699]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]] - The first version of the conference schedule has been released! See the Event page for links to the schedule (and to register if you haven't already). ** [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar|13th Birthday Events]] - check the calendar to see which Birthday events are happening this week! ** [[d:Event:Embedding_Project_Webinar|Webinar: Embedding Project]] - join us this week, October 9 1600 ~ 1700 UTC, to hear a presentation and then pose your questions regarding the [[d:Wikidata:Embedding_Project|Embedding Project]] ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1760544000 18:00 CEST], 15th October 2025 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. * Past events: ** Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 - Learning Day (September 25, at the Goethe Institut in Thessaloniki): the main topic was Wikidata and libraries; the program and the materials of the hands-on session are available in the [[:meta:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025/Learning Day|Meta page]], the slides of the presentations are available in the [[:commons:Category:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 Learning Day presentations|Commons category]] ** Convegno NILDE (October 2-3, University of Genoa; [https://convegnonilde2025.unige.it/ website]): in the first session, regarding ''Il futuro dei cataloghi'' [The future of the catalogs], many presentations (in Italian) have mentioned the use of Wikidata in collective library catalogs; the proceedings of the conference (in Italian) will be published in open access in early 2026: *** [[User:LiaFla|Lianna D'Amato]] and Emanuela Secinaro, ''Cobis LOD: integrare e aumentare i cataloghi eterogenei delle biblioteche specialistiche'' [Cobis LOD: Integrating and Enhancing the Heterogeneous Catalogs of Specialized Libraries] ([[:commons:File:Convegno NILDE 2 10 2025 CoBiSLOD Integrare e aumentare i cataloghi eterogenei delle biblioteche specialistiche.pptx.pdf|slides]]) *** [[User:Bargioni|Stefano Bargioni]], ''La catalogazione per entità, esperienze pratiche della rete URBE con Parsifal'' [Entity cataloging: practical experiences of the URBE network with Parsifal] ([[:commons:File:La catalogazione per entità - esperienze pratiche della rete URBE con Parsifal.pdf|slides]]; [[:d:Wikidata:Gruppo Wikidata per Musei, Archivi e Biblioteche/Parsifal|Wikidata project page]]) *** Elena Ravelli e [[User:Epìdosis|Camillo Pellizzari]], ''Authority file di SBN e Wikidata: un esempio di interoperabilità e riutilizzo dei dati'' [SBN Authority File and Wikidata: An Example of Data Interoperability and Reuse] ([[:commons:File:Authority file di SBN e Wikidata - un esempio di interoperabilità e riutilizzo dei dati.pdf|slides]]; [[:d:Wikidata:Gruppo Wikidata per Musei, Archivi e Biblioteche/SBN|Wikidata project page]]) ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [[:diffblog:2025/09/29/building-wikidata-capacity-in-east-africa-insights-from-wikimedia-deutschlands-outreach|Diff: Building Wikidatacapacity in East Africa]] - Wikimedia Deutschland’s 2025 outreach initiative expanded Wikidata capacity in East Africa by training nearly 100 local Wikimedians across 13 countries, and fostering a new network of regional Wikidata champions * Press: [[d:Wikidata:Embedding_Project/October_1_2025_Release|A milestone for open AI: The Wikidata Embedding Project goes live]], read also in [https://blog.wikimedia.de/2025/10/01/wikidata-embedding-projekt-geht-live/ Deutsch] / [https://www.theverge.com/news/789288/wikidata-ai-friendly-database?trk=feed_main-feed-card_feed-article-content TheVerge] and [https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/01/new-project-makes-wikipedia-data-more-accessible-to-ai/ TechCrunch] blogs. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=tHsW99zKt3s Africa Wiki Women - Wikidata Birthday Launch Celebration 2025] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_nbI8hkRAvA SAT - Wikidata - OSM - länkade data] By Magnus Sälgö ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=jdiqm8VqFQM Roman Provinces Project (RPP) WikiDataTraining (add WMC image)] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ztx208Nhtco Wikidata and public domain - Clase 1] (Spanish) By Wikimedistas de Uruguay ** [https://www.youtube.com/live/kJ6DyZes_rU Open Tool Registries:] Resolving the Directory Paradox with Wikidata - Livestream (today!) Oct 6, 16:00 - 17:00 CEST. (Maybe in German but description is English) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:GZWDer/newentity.js Script newentity.js] is a UserScript by [[User:GZWDer|GZWDer]] it helps to generates new items (including lexemes) from the given JSON object. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The Wikidata Team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to talk to developers who use Wikidata’s data dumps, or have tried using them but ran into challenges. Your feedback will help us make data dumps easier and more reliable to use. If you’re open to chatting, we’ll schedule a 60-minute user interview. As a thank-you for your time, you’ll be eligible for compensation. Sign up [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/datadumpsinterviews here]. * For anyone interested in open and interoperable data, the DCMI 2025 Conference might be interesting. More information and registration [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/ here]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13814|calligraphy]] (<nowiki>calligraphy of this person</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13826|cookie policy URL]] (<nowiki>cookie policy of this website, software or digital product</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13815|‎TechnoMusicWorld release ID]], [[:d:Property:P13816|Biblioteca Digital de la Comunidad de Madrid ID]], [[:d:Property:P13817|‎Trainspo model ID]], [[:d:Property:P13818|AGORHA UUID]], [[:d:Property:P13819|‎Biological Imaging Methods Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P13820|‎Anne Frank House person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13821|Maitron municipality ID]], [[:d:Property:P13822|National Library Board Singapore ID]], [[:d:Property:P13823|Euploos Project ID]], [[:d:Property:P13824|SpaceReference.org celestial object ID]], [[:d:Property:P13825|Hex package]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/formally denounced by|formally denounced by]] (<nowiki>person or organization which has publicly issued or enacted a denunciation of this item</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/code of conduct|code of conduct]] (<nowiki>URL of a resource that contains the Code of Conduct of a project or organization</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/award judge|award judge]] (<nowiki>judges for an award</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/start and end work|start and end work]] (<nowiki>work in which this statement begins to be valid</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Organ Index ID|Organ Index ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BLGBL ID|BLGBL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/American Kennel Club ID|American Kennel Club ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CRT Database model ID|CRT Database model ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jeune Afrique country ID|Jeune Afrique country ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vocabulary.com word ID|Vocabulary.com word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Newegg item ID|Newegg item ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catalogue of sundials ID|Catalogue of sundials ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BeWeb historical or artistic asset ID|BeWeb historical or artistic asset ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PriceRunner product ID|PriceRunner product ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SofaScore sports team ID|SofaScore sports team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FootballFakts.ru football match ID|FootballFakts.ru football match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kicker sports match ID|Kicker sports match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BDFutbol match ID|BDFutbol match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foot Mercato players ID|Foot Mercato players ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Meetup.com Event ID|Meetup.com Event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mapillary username|Mapillary username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccerway player ID 2025|Soccerway player ID 2025]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/FZVe Lexemes in sign languages] ([https://t.me/c/1325756915/37121 source]) ** [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/CobTPdZHuKiwo8KyYsEqCSiqiSasg84AikQ8wsqE2qp List of films available for free on YouTube] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#List_of_films_available_for_free_on_YouTube|source]]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q8620|Kwame Nkrumah (Q8620)]] - Ghanaian pan-Africanist and the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana (1909-1972) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L22859|delve (L22859)]] – English verb (/dɛlv/) meaning "to investigate thoroughly", "to dig physically", or "to discuss in detail ''' Development ''' * The <code><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> [[:mw:Help:Magic words|magic word]] is now enabled on Wikidata and Test Wikidata. It can be used to display templates in the user interface language, replacing the previous <code><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code> hack. ([[phab:T405830]]) GraphQL: We have continued working on the functionality that provides labels of linked entities * Wikidata vector embedding and MCP: We have released the [[d:Wikidata:Embedding Project|vector embedding]] and [[d:Wikidata:MCP|MCP]] * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: ** We are continuing the rollout of improvements to ow we track Wikidata changes in Wikipedia's watchlist and recent changes in order to reduce the size of the database table and reduce the noise on editors' watchlists. ([[phab:T401288]], [[phab:T401290]]) ** We are working on some improvements to the Databox module and template ([[phab:T400322]]) * Mobile statement editing: ** We improved the display of qualifiers and made it possible to add qualifiers (editing will still come) as well as the value type (value/some value/no value) ([[phab:T404991]], [[phab:T404956]], [[phab:T402431]], [[phab:T403246]]) ** We are working on adding editing support for more datatypes (tabular data and geoshape) ([[phab:T403973]]) ** We are working on making it possible to edit references ([[phab:T402433]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/United States of America/North Carolina|North Carolina]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:10, 6 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29377585 --> == Tech News: 2025-41 == <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue IX, September 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia edit-a-thon at the Skampa Theater in Elbasan, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba Initiative: Building Knowledge and Visibility * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: State Library Victoria WikiFest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Make cultural heritage freely accessible, Hasselt's collections shine online & Let's give women a voice on Wikipedia! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Hidden heritage unveiled: science, history and nature on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikimedia Commons birthday content donation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at the Bioeconomy Science Institute & Wikiproject NZ Women in Architecture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Expanding Access to Culture and Knowledge through Key Partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: the Special Guided Tour at the National Museum in Krakow * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Join the Conference Online and Explore Lisbon’s Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: LibreABC, Feminist Voices, Grade Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: September edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: The Memory of the World wiki challenge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:46, 9 October 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29409147 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:06, 13 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #701 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-13. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#700]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DifoolBot_7|DifoolBot 7]] - closed as approved. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session: Tuesday 14 Oct, 2025 from 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1760457600 click for your Time zone]) WikiProject Personal Pronouns members will lead three implementation sessions to improve the data modeling and ethics of personal pronoun representation in Wikidata based on newly-established best practices and Wikidata policy by remediating legacy statements with participants. No prior Wikidata experience required. More info on the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/PersonalPronouns|Personal Pronouns]] event page. ** Upcoming LD4 Affinity Group sessions: Oct 14, Nov 25, Dec 9, at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 4pm UTC / 6pm CEST. ** Wikidata + Wikibase Office Hour, join us in the [https://t.me/joinchat/AZriqUj5UajwQxn1aZ9WOg Wikidata Telegram] channel for our Quarterly roundup of what's been happening with Wikidata and Wikibase. If you can't make it, [[d:Wikidata:Events/Telegram_office_hour_2025-10-15|read the transcript later]]. Oct 15, 18:00 - 19:00 CEST (UTC 16:00 - 17:00). ** The Next Wikimedia Research Showcase is [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1760545800 Wednesday, October 15, at 9:30 AM PT / 16:30 UTC]. The theme is "Celebrating 13 Years: Wikidata’s Role in Learning and Culture". Watch via the [https://www.youtube.com/live/3NMOvOUCd8Q YouTube stream]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/blogs/research-projects/developing-an-enhanced-dataset-for-the-history-of-photography/ Developing an enhanced dataset for the history of Photography] - National Archives researchers used Wikidata during a hackathon to link people and places from 19th-century photographic copyright records, enriching the archive’s metadata through linked open data. ** [https://mpjuhasz.com/posts/influenced_by/ Viusalisations of Philosophers Influence in history] - Take a look if you're interested in the history of philosophy, temporal graphs, or Wikidata! * Videos: ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1EIdotXpus How to identify and fill information gaps in Wikidata Tabernacle and Integrality] - In preparation for Latin America month on Wikidata, this tutorial will introduce the Tabernacle and Intergraality tools. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmCbUfx_FAg Curationist: 2024 Metadata Learning and Unlearning Summit] - Curationist researches and debates on transitioning to a Wikidata/Wikibase style of schema for its images of digital open-access collections. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BwXe_D_GTw Data Ethics and Open Science] - At 19:00 of the video, Lambert Heller discusses using Wikidata, and later Wikibase for the NFDI4 Culture Proposal. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sdbHqeZpbY Linked Open Data Location Identifiers for Pacific Archaeology] - Hardy & Leclerc at the CAA Australia conference show how Wikidata identifiers enrich Kuden and Pacific island databses. * Presentations: [[c:File:Webinar_Oct_2025_-_Wikidata_Embedding_Project.pdf|Slides for the Wikidata: Embedding Project Webinar presentation]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Magnus_Manske/wikidata_useful.js Wikidata Useful] is a UserScript by [[User:Magnus_Manske|Magnus Manske]] that adds a box of quick "add statement" links to the right side of the page. Entity and phylogeny types, countries (location and citizenship). Also, tries to load and display a blurb from en or de Wikipedia. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The 2024 Wikidata Community Survey results are out! Read the full report on Commons: [[commons:File:Wikidata Community Survey 2024 Report.pdf|Wikidata Community Survey 2024 Report]]. If you have any thoughts or questions feel free to write on this discussion page: [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/2024-Community-Survey|Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/2024-Community-Survey]] * Wikimedia Deutschland is seeking feedback on the [[d:Wikidata:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements#How_you_can_help|Mobile Editing Experience prototype]], especially from contributors who edit right-to-left (RTL) languages like Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Urdu, etc. We’ve already received helpful input from various editors, but feedback from RTL language communities is still missing. Your perspective is important to ensure the design works well for everyone. Please go to [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Beta Wikidata] (in mobile view) to test the prototype with the instructions below and share your feedback on [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|this talk page]]. ** Add "businessperson" as an occupation ** Add a start date to the relationship with A$AP Rocky and provide a reference ** Find the place of birth (Saint Michael) and open that page ** Add the coordinate location for Saint Michael ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13828|luminance]] (<nowiki>measured quantity of photometric brightness (luminous intensity per area)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13829|excluding work]] (<nowiki>work or narration for or in which this statement is false</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13838|intervener]] (<nowiki>name of a third-party group or person allowed to participate in a legal case</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13827|NWO project ID]], [[:d:Property:P13830|Vocabulary.com word ID]], [[:d:Property:P13831|Fnac person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13832|African Music Library band ID]], [[:d:Property:P13833|‎Spanish-German Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P13834|‎Encyclopedia of Marxism ID]], [[:d:Property:P13835|Kulturenvanteri place ID]], [[:d:Property:P13836|Encyclopædia Universalis index ID]], [[:d:Property:P13837|ISFDB award category ID]], [[:d:Property:P13839|‎CCCA Canadian Art Database work ID]], [[:d:Property:P13840|‎CCCA Canadian Art Database creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P13841|CPU-World ID]], [[:d:Property:P13842|AMNH entity ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NZ Charities Register Number|NZ Charities Register Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Memorial Book of Social Democracy-ID|Memorial Book of Social Democracy-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Almería identifier|Biographical Dictionary of Almería identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Operabase (additional) ID|Operabase (additional) ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NLAI ID|NLAI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA group ID|SIK-ISEA group ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikimini article ID|Wikimini article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain entry ID|Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts ID|The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Antique Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Dictionary and Glossary of Terms entry|Antique Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Dictionary and Glossary of Terms entry]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmfriend Movie ID|Filmfriend Movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Hessen|Schulnummer Hessen]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ The Oxford Dictionary of Dance entry ID| The Oxford Dictionary of Dance entry ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/6TNS What Wikidata album languages grew the most this week?] ([https://wikis.world/@moebeus@mastodon.online/113057841265159018 source]) ** [https://edu.nl/y38rg Example query to show why papers cite each other] ([https://wikis.world/@egonw@social.edu.nl/112943938308855780 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q15625490|Biodiversity Assessment of the Fishes of Saba Bank Atoll, Netherlands Antilles (Q15625490)]] - scholarly article by Williams, Jeffrey et al., 2010 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Lexeme:L339628| pukka (L339628)]] - English adjective (puh-kuh) that can mean "genuine", "highest class", or "complete" ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration on Wikipedia and co: ** We finished work on adding an icon to changes coming from Wikidata in recent changes and watchlist ([[phab:T397258]]) ** We are finishing work on a new usage aspect for qualifiers and references so their use can be tracked separately. This will lead to less Wikidata changes showing up in recent changes and watchlist that don't actually affect the article ([[phab:T397258]]) ** We are continuing the work on improving Databox ([[phab:T400322]]) * GraphQL: We are continuing to work on making labels of linked entities in the values of statements accessible ([[phab:T404692]]) * Mobile statement editing: We have been working on showing the different value types ([[phab:T404684]]) and making references editable ([[phab:T405236]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] .[[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:20, 13 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29437158 --> == Tech News: 2025-42 == <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:55, 13 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:04, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29452019 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #702 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-20. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#701]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Ternera|Ternera]] - RfP scheduled to end after 23 October 2025 16:10 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot|Rebot]] - Task: Make changes in [https://w.wiki/Fed9 w.wiki/Fed9], such as changing [[d:Property:P180|depicts (P180)]] = [[d:Q181916|herbarium (Q181916)]] to [[d:Q61726742|herbarium specimen (Q61726742)]]. ''' Events ''' * Upcoming: ** WikidataCon 2025: [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/schedule/ Have you seen the Program yet?]<br>Available now on Pretalx, check now and plan your schedule. ** 🎉 Wikidata's 13th Birthday! Join us online, October 29 17:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1761757200 in your timezone]) for presents, birthday messages, games...and a 📣'''surprise announcement''' (don't miss it!). 🎁 Add your own gifts to the list - anything that celebrates Wikidata and its amazing community... a script you’ve written, tool improvement, visual, poem...the sky's the limit.<br>Get the call link here: [[d:Event:Wikidata Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages call|13th Birthday Presents & Messages call]]. ** The Dublin Core [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/ DCMI 2025] conference will take place in Barcelona, Oct 22-25. *** [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/sessions/papers-metadata-quality-bibframe/#reczeEWTeASPr4XmW Presentation]: ''Derivative Relationships and Bibliographic Families Among Creative Works: A Systematic Study of Their Application by the Wikidata Community from the FRBR and BIBFRAME Perspective'' *** [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/sessions/workshop-web-app-to-static-site/#session-information Workshop] by [[d:User:Jneubert|Jneubert]] on converting a complex web application into a large static site integrated with Wikidata *** [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/sessions/tutorial-shaping-linked-data-knowledge-graphs/#session-information Tutorial] from [[d:User:Jelabra|Jelabra]] on shaping linked data and knowledge graphs. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJQ7JxQ0XBg Wikidata Lab XLVII: Wiki Infographics], about a [[toolforge:infographics|tool]] for data visualization. On October 21, 17 UTC. ** [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2026:Scholarships Wikimania 2026 Scholarships are open]! Deadline is Friday, October 31st, 2025. ** [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Event:Wikidata_13th_Birthday_Celebration_in_Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group Wikidata 13th birthday celebration in the Igbo Wikimedians User Group] on October 24 and 25, 2025 *Past: ** Missed the Q4 Wikidata+Wikibase office hour? You can catch up by reading the session log here: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events/Telegram office hour 2025-10-15|2025-10-15 (Q4 2025)]] ** [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Event:Wikidata_13th_birthday_celebration_in_the_WUGN_Abuja_Network Wikidata 13th birthday celebration in the WUGN Abuja Network] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: (Finnish) [https://piilotettuaarre.blogspot.com/2025/10/wikidatasta-vauhtia-geo-eli.html From Wikidata to GEO (AI) optimization?] by Johanna Janhonen * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=E6cYJ9kfFBE Genealogical tree creation with Wikidata] - by Thimira Sahan ** (Chinese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=35Z1IoXA7t8 Wikidata 13 週年聚會暨 OpenRefine 工作坊] - by Wikidata Taiwan ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=pFWfJIEs6Bw Taller en línea: Introducción a Wikidata y Wikibase] by bibliotecasUNAM ** Wikimedia Research Showcase: [https://www.youtube.com/live/3NMOvOUCd8Q Celebrating 13 Years: Wikidata’s Role in Learning and Culture] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://affandymurad.github.io/wikilokal/ WikiLokal] - The tool uses your device location to find Wikidata Items and Wikipedia articles within a 3 kilometre radius of your location. Created by [[m:User:Affandy_Murad|User:Affandy Murad]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Project Chat: ** [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Help_us_decide_the_name_of_the_new_Abstract_Wikipedia_project|Help choose a name for the Abstract Wikipedia Project]] - combining WikiFunctions and Wikidata, a voting contest will run from Oct 20 - Nov 17, 2025. ** [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#How_can_Wikidata_be_useful_IRL_if_it_has_less_data_than_Wikipedia?|How can Wikidata be useful IRL if it has less data than Wikipedia?]] - an ongoing discussion touching on data scraping tools such as [https://github.com/Pascalco/harvesttemplates Harvest templates (github)] and data consistency between Wikipedia and Wikidata in places such as Infoboxes. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13847|organizational chart]] (<nowiki>image that displays the structure of this organization or government agency and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13843|The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13844|TechPowerUp CPU Specs Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13845|Catalogue of sundials ID]], [[:d:Property:P13846|A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13848|GPUZoo ID]], [[:d:Property:P13849|NetEase Music album ID]], [[:d:Property:P13850|Corporation Number in Canada]], [[:d:Property:P13851|Biographical Dictionary of Almería identifier]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/image of outdoor seating|image of outdoor seating]] (<nowiki>an image of the outdoor seating</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Elo rating (rapid)|Elo rating (rapid)]] (<nowiki>Current or historical Elo rating of a player in rapid time control chess games</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ECHL profile ID|ECHL profile ID]] (<nowiki>Id (number) used by ECHL on their website ehcl.com. URL takes a slug.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/award category or rank|award category or rank]] (<nowiki>(qualifier of P166) specific category or rank of an award received, for awards with more than one category or rank</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/public key|public key]] (<nowiki>cryptographic public key (some ASCII encoding of it)</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Sachsen|Schulnummer Sachsen]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Team Austria ID|Team Austria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFES Election Guide ID|IFES Election Guide ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BNB agent ID|BNB agent ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arte de la Argentina ID|Arte de la Argentina ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Democratic Memory Bank ID|Democratic Memory Bank ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kicker competition ID|Kicker competition ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccer365.net team ID|Soccer365.net team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LUDAP|LUDAP]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Genbu.net ID|Genbu.net ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ztgd.com|ztgd.com]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISTAMPIE entity|ISTAMPIE entity]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MIT Press edition id|MIT Press edition id]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/FkPH List of Airports/Airstrips in Florida, USA] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IDEA/Translation_Work|WikiProject IDEA (translation tasks)]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/South_Korea|Govdirectory South Korea]] was created. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q24101|Jagiellonian Library (Q24101)]] - library of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L762994|led (L762994)]] - Norwegian Nynorsk noun (leː) meaning "a joint between bones", "a movable body part", or "a generation" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We made progress on support for more datatypes for editing. * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: ** We are investigating an issue with infoboxes using data from Wikidata after some recent changes to usage tracking ([[phab:T407684]]) ** We are working on more improvements to the Databox module * Ontology federation: We are starting to work on making it possible for other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata's Items as values in their statements. This expands on previous work around federated properties. * Dumps: We have worked on fixing issues with the dumps that were failing recently. They should now be generated again and we continue to look into the cause. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Bahamas|Bahamas]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:29, 20 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29437158 --> == Tech News: 2025-43 == <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == ''The Signpost'': 20 October 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/News and notes|Board shuffles, LLM blocks increase, IPs are going away]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Special report|The election that isn't]] * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Interview|The BoT bump]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/In the media|An incident at WikiConference North America; WMF reports AI-related traffic drop and explains Wikipedia to US conservatives]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Traffic report|One click after another]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Humour|Wikipedia pay rates]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 22:45, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29377595 --> == Growth News #35 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|frameless|class=skin-invert]] ''A quarterly update from the Growth team on our work to improve the new editor experience.'' === New releases === ==== English Wikipedia gets "Add a Link" Structured Task ==== We [[w:Wikipedia_talk:Growth_Team_features#"Add_a_link"_experiment_and_next_steps|released]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link|"Add a Link" Structured Task]] to 100% of accounts at English Wikipedia on Tuesday, September 2nd (before then it was available to 20% of accounts). ==== Growth features for Wikidata ==== After examining if the Growth features and Mentorship could be adapted to Wikidata, we activated the Growth features on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Beta Wikidata] to allow for testing and discussion ([[phab:T400937|T400937]]). Although some features, like Suggested Edits, are Wikipedia-specific, the Growth team designed most features to be more wiki-agnostic. === Work in progress === ==== Revise Tone Structured Task ==== The Growth team is making progress on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone|the technical architecture, onboarding design, and early user testing]]. We are targeting an A/B test before the end of this year, with constructive edits by newcomers as the primary success metric. ==== Add a link to more wikis ==== The machine learning team has been working on a new model that can suggest links to more languages, including Urdu, Chinese, and Japanese Wikipedias. [[phab:T404460|We are starting to release]] the “Add a Link” feature to Wikipedias that weren’t supported by the previous model. [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]], which can be [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link#Configuration|configured by the community locally]], increases the chance that a new contributor will make their first edit and then continue to participate in Wikipedia. === Research === The Growth team is involved in several research initiatives to help guide our future work: [[mw:Growth/Progression System|Progression System]] – We have [[mw:Growth/Progression_System#Design_Research|published]] initial findings from interviews with 10 English and French Wikipedia newcomers. The research examined motivations, challenges, and feedback on a prototype system intended to help editors build confidence, develop skills, and contribute more constructively over time. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Mobile Web Editing Research|Mobile Web Editing Research]] – This project combines quantitative and qualitative data, community feedback, and user journey analysis to identify possible ways to enhance the mobile editing experience. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Successful Newcomers Survey 2025|Newcomers Survey]] – This project surveys successful newcomers on English Wikipedia to understand their early editing experiences, tool use, and community interactions. === Community events === The Growth team participated in several community events to listen, share, and collaborate on improving newcomer experiences across Wikimedia projects. '''Wikimania - [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/RPBSEF/ Organizers as key partners to support newcomers' growth in our movement]''' This session invited organizers to share how they introduce newcomers to Growth features and the challenges they encounter. The discussion focused on common newcomer questions and opportunities to strengthen collaboration in supporting new editors. '''Wikimania - [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/review/VCSCUVJCGFRNY89TTKXRVFMGYMWPMSXT Lightning Talk: Structured Tasks]''' This talk demonstrated how Structured Tasks help newcomers take their first successful steps on Wikipedia. It shared impact data, community configurations, and a demo of “Add a Link,” illustrating how these tasks make editing more accessible and sustainable, particularly for mobile contributors. '''Wikimania - [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors]''' With active editor numbers declining, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Strategy|Contributors Strategy]] aims to create a clearer, more engaging path for participation. This session, led by the WMF Contributors group with involvement from the Editing, Growth, Moderator Tools, and Connection (formerly Campaigns) teams, highlighted efforts to streamline contributor experiences, offer structured and mobile-friendly workflows, and foster meaningful engagement. Participants learned about ongoing initiatives and shared feedback to help shape a more inclusive and sustainable future for Wikimedia contributors. '''CEE Meeting - [[metawiki:Wikimedia_CEE_Meeting_2025/Submissions/Retaining_beginners_and_improving_content_moderation:_an_inclusive_and_sustainable_future_for_Wikipedia_contributors|Retaining beginners and improving content moderation: an inclusive and sustainable future for Wikipedia contributors]]''' Many communities face a decline in volunteer engagement. Newcomers often leave soon after joining, while experienced editors struggle to manage increasingly complex workflows and overwhelming backlogs. We presented the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Strategy|Contributors Strategy]] and the different features and workflows that can help communities to address these challenges. We listened to the specific needs of the CEE communities to help guide the Contributors teams' work. ''<small>'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].</small>'' </div> 10:23, 22 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&oldid=29457883 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:51, 27 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29487357 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #703 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-27. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#702]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Samoasambia|Samoasambia]] - RfP scheduled to end after 27 October 2025 15:10 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Ternera|Ternera]] - Closed as successful by [[User:Ymblanter|Ymblanter]] ([[User talk:Ymblanter|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 19:24, 23 October 2025 (UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** 🎉 Wikidata's 13th Birthday! Join us online, October 29 17:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1761757200 in your timezone]) for presents, birthday messages, games...and a 📣'''surprise announcement''' (don't miss it!). 🎁 Add your own gifts to the list - anything that celebrates Wikidata and its amazing community... a script you’ve written, tool improvement, visual, poem...the sky's the limit. Get the call link here: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages|13th Birthday Presents & Messages call]]. ** WikidataCon 2025, October 31 - November 2, make sure to register at [[Event:WikidataCon_2025|the event page]]. ** SPARQL workshop (in German): "From Zero to SPARQL. Eine Einführung in die Abfrage von Wissensgraphen (Schwerpunkt Wikidata)", 4 Nov 2025, 10-13, free and open to all, online via Zoom. [https://www.digis-berlin.de/workshop-am-04-11-25-from-zero-to-sparql-eine-einfuehrung-in-die-abfrage-von-wissensgraphen/ more information and registration] ** The scholarship deadline for [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2026:Wikimania Wikimania 2026] is approaching fast: 31st of October. Apply today if you want to attend on a scholarship. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/live/BuBEJYNnK2M?si=ZYo_bi9JbHCj1VWT Visualizaciones con el Servicio de Consultas de Wikidata] ** (Spanish)[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=s1EIdotXpus ¿Cómo identificar y completar vacíos de información en Wikidata? Tabernacle e integraality] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dMc8itXt7i0 I Have 1000s of Items in Commons – What Do I Do Now?: Utilization Opportunities on Wikimedia Commons] ** (Chinese [Trad]) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=v7XdRqpEU0Q&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD 鏈結資料文獻翻譯賽德克語成果發表會 Exploring Seediq: A Journey through Translation and Linked Data Documentation] *Presentations: Will AI Erase Us Again? The Role of Wikimedia Communities. Talk by [[User:Jsamwrites|John Samuel]], Queering Wikipedia 2025 ([[commons:File:Queering_Wikipedia_2025-JohnSamuel.pdf|Slides]]) ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://tools.iccl.inf.tu-dresden.de/nemo/ Nemo] is a new Wikidata query tool by [[User:Markus Krötzsch|User:Markus Krötzsch]] the tool can answer queries, extracts subsets, and perform analyses in ways that SPARQL alone can't. It also lets you combine Wikidata with other data sources. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13883|start work]] (<nowiki>work in which this statement about a fictional entity begins to be valid</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13884|end work]] (<nowiki>work in which this statement about a fictional entity ceases to be valid</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13885|image resolution]] (<nowiki>pixel resolution of images generated or captured by this item (camera, software, etc)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13886|display device resolution]] (<nowiki>physical pixel resolution of an electronic display</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13887|‎firmware]] (<nowiki>firmware installed on this hardware</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13852|MultimediaWiki page ID]], [[:d:Property:P13853|Letopis of MSU person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13854|QCC Code]], [[:d:Property:P13855|Jamaica company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13856|SEC Number]], [[:d:Property:P13857|Thailand company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13858|gosfilmofond.ru ID]], [[:d:Property:P13859|Cambodian company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13860|English solicitors ID]], [[:d:Property:P13861|Caixin company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13862|‎Nebraska Authors author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13863|‎Kick username]], [[:d:Property:P13864|‎Archivio Storico Ricordi partiture ID]], [[:d:Property:P13865|Fantacalcio ID]], [[:d:Property:P13866|‎Plant Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P13867|L'Équipe athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P13868|‎RSQV ID]], [[:d:Property:P13869|NRK topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13870|‎OpenITI author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13871|‎Mellopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13872|Liste unique des décorés ID]], [[:d:Property:P13873|‎Deník tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13874|Interaktionsdatabasen ID]], [[:d:Property:P13875|‎Adebiportal author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13876|Biographische Lexikon zur Geschichte der böhmischen Länder ID]], [[:d:Property:P13877|ISLRN]], [[:d:Property:P13878|‎Danskefilmstemmer.dk character ID]], [[:d:Property:P13879|Audiovisual Identity Database page]], [[:d:Property:P13880|RIA Novosti person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13881|The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13882|‎Qalamger.kz author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13888|‎Does the Dog Die? media ID]], [[:d:Property:P13889|‎Organ Index ID]], [[:d:Property:P13890|American Kennel Club ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Responsable de departamento|Responsable de departamento]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lämningsnummer|Lämningsnummer]] (<nowiki>{{Q|Q10498015}} is a database of archaeological monuments in Sweden, maintained by {{Q|Q631844}}. Each item in the database has an identifier containing the year of registration and a number, e.g. ''L1970:5203''.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of comments per day|number of comments per day]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Commonwealth Sport country code|Commonwealth Sport country code]] (<nowiki>Commonwealth Sport country code</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/operating humidity|operating humidity]] (<nowiki>humidity at which a device operates</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NCL Taiwan Periodical Literature Periodical ID|NCL Taiwan Periodical Literature Periodical ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HarmonyOS NEXT APP ID|HarmonyOS NEXT APP ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rechtsinformationen des Bundes-ID|Rechtsinformationen des Bundes-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UNESCO Virtual Museum inventory ID|UNESCO Virtual Museum inventory ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/South Korean Business Registration Number|South Korean Business Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SetesdalWiki ID|SetesdalWiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biography.com ID|Biography.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mackolik football manager ID|Mackolik football manager ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/S1 No.1 Style actress ID|S1 No.1 Style actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/biserici.org church ID|biserici.org church ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RFC|RFC]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hudobné centrum IDs|Hudobné centrum IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies ID|FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NVLI ID|NVLI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SerBenfiquista.com players ID|SerBenfiquista.com players ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/E4T9 Map of pubs in Scotland] ([https://wikis.world/@AllyD@mastodon.online/114482324831243753 source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Kazakhstan|WikiProject Kazakhstan]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]:[[d:Q22530539|Lake Zanzibar (Q22530539)]] - lake in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Canada ''' Development ''' * Wikidata in Wikipedia and co: ** We worked on making Wikidata change summaries in recent changes and watchlist on the other Wikimedia projects more understandable by adding icons. This will be rolled out soon ([[phab:T397258]]) ** We continued the improvements to the Databox module ([[phab:T400322]], [[phab:T400318]]) * Mobile statement editing: We continued working on editing references ([[phab:T405236]]) and did clean-ups for the beta release ([[phab:T405743]]) * GraphQL: We continued work on including labels of linked entities in responses * Dumps: We are looking into why dump generation is slower than it should be recently [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/South_Korea|South Korea]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:50, 27 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29487314 --> == Tech News: 2025-44 == <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:27, 27 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == This Month in Education: October 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 10 • October 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025|"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer|A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil|Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta|Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025|India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/JDACA & Amman Arab University|JDACA & Amman Arab University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September|New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset|Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October|Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp|Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania|Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 06:05, 2 November 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29511272 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:52, 3 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29558323 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #704 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-03. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#703]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Samoasambia|Samoasambia]] * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/langCodesBot|langCodesBot]] - Task(s): Python script to automate the cleanup of deprecated language codes (e.g., kr) from Wikidata items. Delete or move labels, descriptions, and aliases based on comparisons with fallback and related languages. The script uses the Pywikibot framework to process each item and logs cases it skips due to data inconsistencies or ambiguity to a CSV file for manual review. * New request for comments: [[Wikidata:Requests for comment/Exhibition models|Exhibition models]] by [[User:Hexatekin|Hexatekin]] - This proposal focuses on standardizing models for art exhibitions. There is not a consistent data model used for art exhibitions that factors in parent-child relationships for traveling exhibitions, show series, or biennials, despite these being important and common types of events in international art history. ''' Events ''' * Past: ** Happy Birthday, Wikidata 🎉! We celebrated Wikidata’s 13th birthday with a community call to unveil presents and play games. Check out the replay of the event and the cool gifts people made: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages|Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages]] ** WikidataCon: You can catch up on the recordings and slides in [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025/Program|the program]] ** [https://wikidataworkshop.github.io/2025/ Wikidata Workshop at ISWC]: You can catch up on the published papers on the website. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/29/building-an-internet-for-everyone-wikidata-recognized-as-a-digital-public-good/ Building an Internet for Everyone: Wikidata Recognized as a Digital Public Good] ** [https://tech-news.wikimedia.de/2025/10/28/enriching-wikidata-with-authoritybox/ ''Enriching Wikidata with AuthorityBox. An interview with Stefano Bargioni''] *** examples of AuthorityBox can be seen in [https://catalogo.pusc.it/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=136541 PUSC catalogue], [http://koha-urbs.reteurbs.org/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=316885 URBE catalogue] ([http://koha-urbs.reteurbs.org/opac-tmpl/lib/AuthorityBox_URBS.js code]), [https://opac.keratsini-drapetsona.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=7268 Keratsini-Drapetsona catalogue]; cf. also Stefano Bargioni, [[:d:Q84951093|''From Authority Enrichment to AuthorityBox. Applying RDA in a Koha environment'']] (2020) ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/02/exploring-nairobi-and-building-a-global-network-the-inspiring-wikimania20-experience Exploring Nairobi and Building a Global Network: The Inspiring Wikimania@20 Experience] ** [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/10/31/supercharging-cultural-institution-collections-with-wikidata/ Supercharging Cultural Institution Collections with Wikidata] * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6SkqxD9n1eY Por qué el conocimiento libre importa más que nunca | Gustavo Candela | Jornadas Anuales 2025] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=FbaII87_M84 Wikidata Ontology Course | A NotebookLM Deep Dive] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ss6_wbK1gck Odia Wikimedians User Group Celebration of the 13th Wikidata Birthday] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=bzIknKpmIYw Como utilizar o OpenRefine para cadastrar artigos científicos na Wikidata? - WikiTutoriais #05] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iZWKcwXNhPI Supercharging Cultural Institution Collections with Wikidata [October 2025]] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=LL93wMSFkKs&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD ¿Cómo es la ontología de Wikidata?] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ZT0pvzfFeug Wikidata @13 celebration by the Tyap Wikimedians] ''' Tool of the week ''' [https://wikidata-reference-validator.toolforge.org/ The Wikidata Reference Validator] by [[User:JosefAnthony]] helps check and replace broken or outdated references — keeping Wikidata’s knowledge verifiable and trustworthy. It checks whether external references are still accessible or offline, so we can ensure that every statement on Wikidata shows how we know what we know. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/29/building-an-internet-for-everyone-wikidata-recognized-as-a-digital-public-good/ Wikidata has been recognized as a digital public good by the Digital Public Goods Alliance] * Wikimedia chapters are providing scholarships for Wikimania 2026. Apply here if you're interested: [[:de:Wikipedia:Förderung/Wikimania/English|Wikipedia:Förderung/Wikimania/English]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13891|‎Newegg item ID]], [[:d:Property:P13892|‎Hardcore Gaming 101 game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Luminous flux|Luminous flux]] (<nowiki>Numerical value of the luminous flux emitted by a lighting device or light source, measured in lumens</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/anatomical structure in view|anatomical structure in view]] (<nowiki>the anatomical structure in view in the photo, e.g. head, wing, habitus (body)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/anatomical view|anatomical view]] (<nowiki>view of an anatomical structure, e.g. ventral, dorsal, frontal</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/collector|collector]] (<nowiki>person or group who physically collected a specimen or object in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Serbo-Croatian preferred project code|Serbo-Croatian preferred project code]] (<nowiki>For an interwiki article, the property points to the Serbo-Croatian project (sh, bs, hr, sr) that either has a special connection to the topic or the highest quality article.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BG IISDA org ID|BG IISDA org ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BG NACID person ID|BG NACID person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GCatholic former diocese ID|GCatholic former diocese ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Grokipedia ID|Grokipedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland ID|The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present entry ID| Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Davis Cup player ID 2025|Davis Cup player ID 2025]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Eiga.com drama ID|Eiga.com drama ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AntCat ID|AntCat ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Last Address ID|Last Address ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Disney+ browse ID|Disney+ browse ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Japanese Film Database ID|Japanese Film Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Japan Location Database ID|Japan Location Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fight.ru fighters ID|Fight.ru fighters ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IMI person id|IMI person id]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/Fqji Map of ~12.000 western European tram stops among their respective networks] **[https://w.wiki/FvKQ Count of Wikipedia articles about UNESCO Memory of the World inscriptions] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q167634|perestroïka (Q167634)]] - political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s, widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost policy reform * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L46097|baseline (L46097)]] - English noun (ˈbeɪslaɪn) meaning "a starting point for comparison", "a benchmark in budgeting", or "a reference line in typography or surveying" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We are continuing the work on qualifiers and reference editing * GraphQL: We are continuing the work on making labels of linked entities available in GraphQL ([[phab:T404692]]) * Dumps: We are continuing to look into improvements for the dump process [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:44, 3 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29562339 --> == Tech News: 2025-45 == <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 3 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:54, 10 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29584005 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue X, October 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: From a small language to Wikipedia's Biggest, Share Your Story with the Industry Museum and War Diaries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Autumn activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: WikiCommon community meet-ups, Wikisource trainings, and the announcement of Grant for GLAM Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open culture on stage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How Wikimedia México is training cultural and government institutions as wikimedians. * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Open Topstukken project concludes; Network Archives Design and Digital Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Granny's Wonderful Chair, Preparing for Auckland Museum Wiki Summer Students and an the ASBS Introductory Wiki Webinar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Report on Participation at the 12th International Youth Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Promoting Open Data and Digital Commons in Culture and Research * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki Conference 2025 Wrap-Up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: October in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: DaSCHcon, 3D, Wiki GLAM conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A look at Grokipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: October edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: LivingData 2025, GLAMWiki and a "collector" Wikidata property proposal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: International outreach * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Sustainable CultureConnect Project report|Sustainable CultureConnect Project report]]: Sustainable CultureConnect: Empowering Youth and Preserving Heritage through Open Knowledge and Leadership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:29, 10 November 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29516862 --> == ''The Signpost'': 10 November 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/News and notes|Temporary accounts go live and WMF board member self-suspends]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Community view|Six Wikipedians' thoughts on Grokipedia, and the humanity of it all]] * Wikicup report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Wikicup report|BeanieFan11, WikiCup victor of 2025, covers the results]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/In the media|Jimbo's book, an argument about genocide, and a train of shame]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Recent research|Taking stock of the 2024–2025 research grants]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Opinion|With Grokipedia, top-down control of knowledge is new again]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Obituary|Struway]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Traffic report|The documentaried, the disowned, the deceased, Diwali and the Dodgers]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Comix|Head of steam]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 12:56, 10 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29568932 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #705 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-10. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#704]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Other: Draft policy for [[d:Wikidata:Temporary account IP viewer|temporary account IP viewers]]. What requirements should be set for this user right? ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://blog.unicode.org/2025/11/introducing-unicode-inflection-library.html Introducing the Unicode Inflection Library Technical Preview Release] : The Unicode Inflection Library leverages comprehensive lexicons from Wikidata to support standardized, multilingual grammatical transformations for global software applications. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vwiCHKogS_8 Art+Feminism Celebrates Wikidata!] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=P0TnhpU1U9U&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD Day 5_Using WikiData with Spyral Notebook and Project Presentation] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ng89cq6ZH-o Wikidata and Wikipedia training for Art+Feminism 2025 in Uganda] ** What are Wikidata WikiProjects, and why should you join one? Watch [[c:File:What can I do on Wikidata? Examples of projects and workflows (Wikidata Leveling Up Days 2024).webm|this great explainer]] from the #LevelingUpDays2024 to see how these communities work together! Then, find your project: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProjects|Wikidata:WikiProjects]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[:d:User:Difool/WikidataCleanup.js|User:Difool/WikidataCleanup.js]]: gadget allowing to do, in one click, a wide series of cleanups in an item: normalize labels, descriptions, and aliases (double spaces, certain Unicode characters), remove weak references, remove weakly referenced dates when they have lower precision than a strongly referenced date and downgrade unnecessary preferred ranks; about the general issue of redundancies in Wikidata, you can check [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Redundancy|WikiProject Redundancy]] *[https://ghanasupremecases.toolforge.org/ Ghanasupremecases] is a webapp that dynamically pulls and displays over 2,000 Supreme Court of Ghana cases from Wikidata, allowing users to access case details linked directly to Wikidata items. The goal is to make African legal data more open, structured, and discoverable, and to demonstrate how Wikidata can serve as a foundation for national-level legal archive ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Temporary accounts rollout: Starting November 12, the community will see logged‑out edits handled through temporary accounts instead of IPs, prompting tool and bot checks. * Help shape the future WikidatCon! If you attended [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], please take 10 minutes to share your feedback in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/WikidataCon-2025-Feedback this] anonymous GDPR-compliant survey (sslsurvey) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13903|operating humidity]] (<nowiki>humidity at which a device operates</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13914|collector]] (<nowiki>person or group who physically collected a specimen or object in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13922|Serbo-Croatian preferred project code]] (<nowiki>For an interwiki article, the property points to the Serbo-Croatian project (sh, bs, hr, sr) that either has a special connection to the topic or the highest quality article.</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13893|CACI company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13894|AEK Football player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13895|Sultanlar Ligi player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13896|BeWeb historical or artistic asset ID]], [[:d:Property:P13897|SofaScore sports team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13898|FootballFakts.ru football match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13899|Kicker sports match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13900|BDFutbol match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13901|Foot Mercato / Fichajes / Fussball Transfers player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13902|‎Disney+ browse ID]], [[:d:Property:P13904|‎Filmarks ID]], [[:d:Property:P13905|Memorial Book of Social Democracy-ID]], [[:d:Property:P13906|NLAI ID]], [[:d:Property:P13907|Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain ID]], [[:d:Property:P13908|The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts ID]], [[:d:Property:P13909|Antique Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Dictionary and Glossary of Terms entry]], [[:d:Property:P13910|Filmfriend movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P13911|Hesse School ID]], [[:d:Property:P13912|The Oxford Dictionary of Dance entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13913|Saxony School ID]], [[:d:Property:P13915|NCL Taiwan Periodical Literature periodical identifier]], [[:d:Property:P13916|NZ Charities Register Number]], [[:d:Property:P13917|IFES Election Guide ID]], [[:d:Property:P13918|Arte de la Argentina ID]], [[:d:Property:P13919|Democratic Memory Bank ID]], [[:d:Property:P13920|Kicker competition ID]], [[:d:Property:P13921|Soccer365.net team ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/time of deposition|time of deposition]] (<nowiki>date or point in time when an archaeological object or assemblage was buried, hidden, lost, or otherwise deposited.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/readiness|readiness]] (<nowiki>readiness</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/greenhouse gases emissions|greenhouse gases emissions]] (<nowiki>amount of greenhouse effect emited by a given company or industry sector</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/neuter form of label|neuter form of label]] (<nowiki>neuter form of name or title</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/current season|current season]] (<nowiki>{{TranslateThis | an identifier for the team's current season <!-- | xx = descriptions in other languages --> }}</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/flag carrier of|flag carrier of]] (<nowiki>country of which the airline is the flag carrier</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BFXC authority ID|BFXC authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BWB-nummer|BWB-nummer]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Brandenburg|Schulnummer Brandenburg]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Shinto ID|Encyclopedia of Shinto ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Power Thesaurus ID|Power Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WDSF person ID|WDSF person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Blu-Ray.com film ID|Blu-Ray.com film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Japanese Law Translation ID|Japanese Law Translation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/USGS Publication ID|USGS Publication ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Afrikaregisteret ID|Afrikaregisteret ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National cultural monument of Czechia ID|National cultural monument of Czechia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Admirable Façades styles ID|Admirable Façades styles ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage buildings ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage buildings ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage streets ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage streets ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dicionário Biográfico de Cientistas, Engenheiros e Médicos em Portugal ID|Dicionário Biográfico de Cientistas, Engenheiros e Médicos em Portugal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TikTok User ID|TikTok User ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/9hdp Map of all places related to persons with layers by property of the place] ([[Wikidata:Request_a_query#Map of all places related to persons with layers by property of the place|source]]) * WikiProject Highlights: Passionate about highlighting women's achievements? [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Women|WikiProject Women]] is dedicated to creating and improving data about women worldwide. Help close the gender gap in knowledge! [https://wikis.world/tags/WikidataWikiProjects #WikidataWikiProjects] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1136251|Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape (Q1136251)]] - cultural landscape in South Africa * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L4479|fold (L4479)]] - English verb (foʊld) meaning "to bend over on itself", "to mix ingredients gently", or "to fail or give in" ''' Development ''' The development team were involved in roadmap planning meetings so not much happened in the past week. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Paraguay|Paraguay]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:44, 10 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29605325 --> == Tech News: 2025-46 == <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:35, 10 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 17 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #706 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-17. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#705]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Che-W-bot|Che-W-bot]] - Task(s): Possible duplicate of the bot below. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/CheWikibot|CheWikibot]] - Task(s): Import new articles created on Chechen Wikipedia (ce.wiki) to Wikidata. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DDResearchBot|DDResearchBot]] - Task(s): This bot will facilitate adding structured, cited data from trusted integrity sources to Wikidata for [[d:User:Deweydigital|Dewey Digital]]. * Closed request for comments: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Adapt_blocking_policy_to_IPv6_networks|Adapt blocking policy to IPv6 networks]] - While there is a general agreement for admins to block /64, no consensus to add to the blocking Policy was reached. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Documented_and_featured_SPARQL_queries|Proposal to better document featured SPARQL queries]] - Consensus was reached and a vote is planned. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Gender_neutral_labels_for_occupations_and_positions_in_French|Gender neutral Labels for occupations/positions in French]] - Majority support for using male and female forms in French labels and aliases, gender-neutral descriptions, and completing male/female label properties. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Creating_items_for_videos_at_online_video_platforms_that_are_representation_of_notable_items|Items for videos of online platforms that represent notable Items]] - No consensus could be reached. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Is_it_worth_to_import_labels_from_interlanguage_links_of_other_wikipedia_projects_to_wikidata|Should Labels of interlanguage links from other Wikipedia Projects?]] - There is general support to import labels, however there are concerns about the import as an Alias. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Signed_Statements_(T138708)|Signed Statements]] - No consensus could be reached. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Use_of_dates_in_the_descriptions_of_items_regarding_humans|Use of dates in descriptions of items regarding humans]] - Dates on Wikidata are community-specific; add only to disambiguate, don’t remove, and format per language conventions. * Project chat: [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Proposal:_Prohibiting_LLM-generated_content|Proposal:Prohibiting LLM-generated content]] *Other: ** [[d:Wikidata:Temporary account IP viewer|Wikidata:Temporary account IP viewer]] - users who may view IP addresses associated with temporary accounts. ** [[d:Wikidata:Self-promotion|Wikidata:Self-promotion]] - an essay on creating an Item about yourself, your organisation, or your work is a form of self-promotion and is strongly discouraged. Feel free to update this page. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[m:Event:Wikidata_Days_IWUG_and_WAFTAI_2025|Wikidata Days: IWUG and WAFTAI]] - A 4 day edit-a-thon beginning November 26, 2025, for Cameroonian and Nigerian educational institutions. ** [https://wikimedia.or.id/acara/wikilatih-wikidata-fakultas-sains-dan-teknologi-universitas-airlangga/ WikiLatih Wikidata ] - November 21, 08:50am (WIB), learning around Wikidata: how to reuse data and edit Items. Organised by the Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga. * Just missed it: [[m:Event:First_steps_in_Wikidata_for_the_Wikimedia_LGBT_Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] - two introductory workshops for English, French and Spanish Wikipedians with an interest in learning Wikidata. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/GLAM/Newsletter/October_2025/Contents/Netherlands_report GLAM Netherlands report] The joint Radboud–Maastricht project Open Topstukken concluded at the Dutch National Library, showcasing 30 digitized collection highlights enriched with Linked Open Data via Wikidata and supported by new tools, documentation, and visualizations to enhance digital accessibility and interoperability. ** * Videos: ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rNlREPqT9f8 Mujeres que Inspiran: Layla Michán - Wikidata e investigación] (Women who inspire. Wikidata & research) ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CIVEYu4_C5E Wikidata Workshop: Improving African Authors and Books Items] ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-CBvDSjnjM Enriquecer, reutilizar y modelar datos y metadatos usando Wikidata. Tomás Saorín Pérez] (Enrich, reuse, and model data and metadata using Wikidata.) ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=EAXd0rIl3kU Guide to the Wikidata Notability Policy] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NnZan0XUpAc Wikidata: Wikimedia's knowledge graph in a world of generative AI] ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zvIJUb4Z4r0 O que saber antes de editar no Wikidata] (What to know before editing on Wikidata) ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=SZRaZMkwoWc Para além da Wikipédia: como os dados estruturados conectam saberes] (Beyond Wikipedia: how structured data connect knowledge) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Poro26/ArchiveExternaLinks.js/Documentation ArchiveExternaLinks] is a UserScript by [[User:Poro26|Poro26]]. The UserScript automates the archiving of all external links present in an item, whether they appear in statements, references or identifiers. For each external link, the script automatically adds an archive link [archive], similar to what is done on Wikipedia for web sources cited in references ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13923|data collection method]] (<nowiki>scientific data collection procedure used in/by the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13926|time of deposition]] (<nowiki>point in time when an archaeological object or assemblage was buried, hidden, lost, or otherwise deposited</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13939|Commonwealth Sport country code]] (<nowiki>code for countries participating in Commonwealth Sport events</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13924|Japanese Film Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13925|GCatholic former diocese ID]], [[:d:Property:P13927|Myanmar Company Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P13928|Team Austria athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P13929|‎ECHL.com player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13930|‎Genbu.net ID]], [[:d:Property:P13931|ISTAMPIE ID]], [[:d:Property:P13932|HarmonyOS NEXT APP ID]], [[:d:Property:P13933|Federal Legal Information ID]], [[:d:Property:P13934|UNESCO Virtual Museum inventory ID]], [[:d:Property:P13935|South Korean Business Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P13936|‎Lämningsnummer]], [[:d:Property:P13937|‎Mackolik football manager ID]], [[:d:Property:P13938|Biserici.org church ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/role in naming|role in naming]] (<nowiki>the role the namesake played in relation to this item, i.e. why the item is named after the namesake</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Korea Heritage Service Heritage Portal ID|Korea Heritage Service Heritage Portal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lubimyczytać version/edition ID|Lubimyczytać version/edition ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UEA catalogue ID|UEA catalogue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CRA program account number|CRA program account number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PL-AED|PL-AED]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yandex Object Answer ID|Yandex Object Answer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/G2bz Towns named after Alexander the great] **[https://w.wiki/G8T$ Heritage added to the Memory of the World International Register in 2025] (newly added data) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LGBTQ History|WikiProject LGBTQ History]] - aims to improve and organize data related to the history, people, places, events, and organizations that have contributed to LGBTQ+ experiences across time and geography. * WikiProject Highlights: ** 👩🔬Passionate about highlighting women's achievements? WikiProject Women is dedicated to creating and improving data about women worldwide. Help close the gender gap in knowledge! [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Women|WikiProject Women]] ** 🗳️ Interested in democracy and political data? Join WikiProject Elections to model data about elections, candidates, and results from around the globe. Make electoral data open and accessible! [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Elections|WikiProject Elections]] ** 🏛️ How do you find info on government institutions? WikiProject Govdirectory has a structured data model for that! Help improve data about public agencies on Wikidata. [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory|WikiProject Govdirectory]] ** 🎵 Into music? From classical to K-pop, WikiProject Music needs your expertise to harmonize data on songs, artists, and releases. Join the band! [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Music|WikiProject Music]] ** 🧬 Your skills can help model lifesaving data. WikiProject Medicine works on structured data for diseases, drugs, clinical trials, and anatomy. Join a project that matters. [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Medicine|WikiProject Medicine]] ** 🔍 Interested in how knowledge itself is structured? WikiProject Ontology delves into the fundamental classes and properties of Wikidata. Shape the backbone of the knowledge graph! [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology|WikiProject Ontology]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q12060728|Aboriginal Australians (Q12060728)]] - First Nations people of Australia * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1078947|ਦਿਮਾਗ਼ (L1078947)]] - Punjabi noun (dɪ.mäːɣ) meaning "brain (organ)", "intellect/mind", or "understanding/consciousness" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We are working on editing statements that link to other entities in their value ([[phab:T403974]], [[phab:T409149]]) ** We enabled mobile statement editing as a beta feature on test.wikidata.org ([[phab:T407737]]) * GraphQL prototype: We finished the work on making labels of linked entities available ([[phab:T404692]]) * Dumps: We are continuing to work on making the dump process more robust [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:18, 17 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29651461 --> == Tech News: 2025-47 == <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:23, 17 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement. There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:13, 24 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #707 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-24. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#706]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/News2DataBot|News2DataBot]] - Task(s): Check for new, unlinked articles on [[n:pl:|Polish Wikinews]] and create relevant Items. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/WikidataLiteraryWorksMetaDataUpload|WikidataLiteraryWorksMetaDataUpload]] - Task(s): Upload metadata for literary works from research project. * New request for comments: The [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Exhibition_models|Exhibition Models]] RfC was split into 2 Schema proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Schema_proposals/exhibition_concept|Exhibition Concept]] and [[d:Wikidata:Schema_proposals/exhibition_manifestation|Exhibition Manifestation]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Upcoming LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group session on 25 November 2025: Join the community-driven effort led by WikiProject Personal Pronouns to improve pronoun data modeling and ethics in Wikidata. This is part of a three-session series (Oct 14, Nov 25, Dec 9) focused on implementing new best practices. No prior Wikidata experience required. Join at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1764090000 17:00 UTC]. [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/PersonalPronouns|Event page]]. ** [[mw:Wikimedia_Hackathon_2026|Wikimedia Hackathon 2026]] - Hosted in Milan, Italy, scholarships are now open, [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ apply on Pretix]. ** [https://www.instagram.com/p/DRNg5ldkSi6/ Art+Feminism & Whose Knowledge?] - A conversation on building a feminist data future, Dec 5, 2025, 13:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1764939600 Time zone converter]). ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.allmo.ai/articles/what-we-know-about-the-impact-of-wikipedia-on-chatgpt-search-results Impact of Wikipedia and Wikidata on ChatGPT search results] ** [https://christianmahnke.de/en/post/authority-data-for-private-collectors/ Wikidata as an authority data source for private collectors] ** (German) [https://www.wikimeisterei.info/umwelt-und-klimabezug-in-grossen-wissensdatenbanken-wikipedia-wikidata-und-umweltportale-im-vergleich/ Environmental and climate reference in large knowledge databases. Wikipedia, Wikidata and environmental portals in comparison] * Presentations: Wikidata as a challenge for rule systems (Declarative AI 2025 Conf.) - [[c:File:Slideshow,_Wikidata_as_a_Challenge_for_Rule_Systems_-_Declarative_AI_2025_Conference_-_24_September_2025.pdf|Slides]] / [[c:File:Wikidata_as_a_Challenge_for_Rule_Systems_-_Declarative_AI_2025_Conference_-_24_September_2025.webm|Recording]] * Papers: [https://zenodo.org/records/17658826 Snapshot of bibliographic metadata from Wikidata for all Arabic periodicals published worldwide before 1930] - Project Jarāʾid, by T. Grallert, (2025). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iiL9WFx2JY An introduction to Wikidata and its use for librarians and researchers]; slides available [[:commons:File:An introduction to Wikidata and its use for librarians and researchers.pdf|on Commons]] ** WikidataCon 2025 Session Playlists (YouTube):<br> [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejPTAZXQTHlAElm-DZ5dohph&si=5IJr95Jrh_AyIT43 Day 1 (31.10)] / [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejM0BKzQWaw_WKIBamH4DevT&si=U-sw7JMx3xsiGu-d Day 2 (01.11)] / [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejNQdOCF9ztkrUktwi_UMRD5&si=0xXL60KWrhXff98F Day 3 (02.11)] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1S4ujNG8w5M Wikidata in library catalogues: Introduction to the Primo VE linked data feature] - By Dr Thneed ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=mHXIZBfft7A Wikidata Live Editing: Stolpersteine and the Holocaust victims they commemorate] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5MKIlVJyeCw&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD Towards Linked Data Fluency: Takeaways from a Wikidata Workflow Pilot Program] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOoNMI7o_G4 Enhancing authority files through SPARQL federated queries] - Thomas Kerboul and the Bibliothèque de Genève improved person data by comparing Wikidata and IdRef, with manual checks preventing ID mix-ups. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNlREPqT9f8 Inspiring Women: Layla Michán - Wikidata and research] - Dr. Aguirre (UNAM) discusses Wikidata as a collaborative research tool and shared experiences in the “Women Who Inspire” series. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-timetrail.toolforge.org/ Timetrail] is a website that visualizes the movement of Wikidata items over time by mapping their associated events and locations. * The redesigned WikiProvenance is now live, featuring a new front end and backend for exploring and comparing Wikidata provenance information. Try examples like [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/provenance.html?item=Q1339 Johann Sebastian Bach] or [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/compare.html?compare=Q5,Q515 Human vs. City] and [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/compare.html?compare=Q90,Q84 Paris vs. London]. Explore it here: [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/ https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Data_access#Linked_Data_Fragments_endpoint|LDF endpoint retirement considered]]: The unstable and low-traffic LDF endpoint may be retired to reduce maintenance effort and unnecessary load on WDQS. If your workflow depends on it and you would hate to see it go, please let the Wikidata development team know at [[d:Wikidata talk:Data access|Wikidata talk:Data access]]. * [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Reminder:_WDQS_legacy_endpoint_decommissioning|WDQS Legacy endpoint deprecation]]: The legacy endpoint (<code>query-legacy-full.wikidata.org</code>) will be fully decommissioned on 7 January 2026. Please migrate tools and workflows to the supported endpoints: <code>query.wikidata.org</code> (Main) or <code>query-scholarly.wikidata.org</code> (Scholarly). Assistance is available on the [[d:Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages. * [[c:File:Community report Data Governance Research (Q2 2025).pdf|Insights from Data Governance Research Process 2025]]: Results of the research to better understand how the communities currently think about which data and communities are best served by Wikidata, Wikibase Cloud or Wikibase Suite respectively. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Abstract_Wikipedia_naming_contest|Abstract Wikipedia naming contest]]: Help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project which is provisionally known as Abstract Wikipedia. The second phase of voting is now open until December 1. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13940|CUIT]], [[:d:Property:P13941|REGAFI id]], [[:d:Property:P13942|Hong Kong company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13943|California Entity Number]], [[:d:Property:P13944|Mã số doanh nghiệp]], [[:d:Property:P13945|‎InfoconDB series ID]], [[:d:Property:P13946|‎InfoconDB conference ID]], [[:d:Property:P13947|‎Biography.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P13948|Hudobné centrum person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13949|Hudobné centrum group ID]], [[:d:Property:P13950|FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Property:P13951|NVLI ID]], [[:d:Property:P13952|SerBenfiquista.com players ID]], [[:d:Property:P13953|‎BG IISDA org ID]], [[:d:Property:P13954|‎BG NACID person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13955|The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland ID]], [[:d:Property:P13956|Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13957|National cultural monument of Czechia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13958|‎Davis Cup player ID since 2025]], [[:d:Property:P13959|‎Eiga.com drama ID]], [[:d:Property:P13960|Last Address ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/parliamentary group leader|parliamentary group leader]] (<nowiki>the identity of the leader of a parliamentary group</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SignWriting transcription|SignWriting transcription]] (<nowiki>representation in SignWriting</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/free height|free height]] (<nowiki>vertical distance from the floor level to the lowest obstruction in the ceiling of an indoor or outdoor space</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/thumbtime|thumbtime]] (<nowiki>Time for video thumbnail in seconds</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Credibly accused of|Credibly accused of]] (<nowiki>entity (person or organization) that has been credibly accused of a crime or serious misconduct, but is not (yet) convicted</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review:: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CHZZK streamer ID|CHZZK streamer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FC Barcelona players ID|FC Barcelona players ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qalamos person ID|Qalamos person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KISTI conference ID|KISTI conference ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KaraokeTexty.cz artist ID|KaraokeTexty.cz artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KaraokeTexty.cz song ID|KaraokeTexty.cz song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DLSite dōjin circle ID|DLSite dōjin circle ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DLSite person ID|DLSite person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DLSite work ID|DLSite work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Showlabs ID|Showlabs ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DEUMM Online ID|DEUMM Online ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kvinnehistorie.no persons ID|Kvinnehistorie.no persons ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foot Résultats player ID|Foot Résultats player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Manga-DB person ID|Manga-DB person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Manga-DB publisher ID|Manga-DB publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Manga-DB magazine ID|Manga-DB magazine ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Slekt og Data cemetery ID|Slekt og Data cemetery ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/GGLu Videogames in the wrong genre] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Video_games_with_the_wrong_genre|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/GGM2 People buried in Italian (or subregion) cemeteries] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#People_buried_in_Italian_(or_a_subregion)_cemeteries|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Bookbindings|Bookbindings]] - share metadata and images from the currently offline Database of Bookbindings at the British Library ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Irish_Traditional_Music/Projects|Irish Traditional Music:Projects]] - aims to systematically create and enhance Wikidata items for people profiled in the 2024 edition of Fintan Vallely's The Companion to Irish Traditional Music. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Basketball/Teams/Western_Illinois_Leathernecks_women's_basketball|Basketball: Western Illinois Leathernecks Women's]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Lost_Media#Subpages|Lost Media/Subpages]] - aim to list all media lost to time in Wikidata * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q118398|arXiv (Q118398)]] - online digital archive for electronic preprints of scientific papers * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1405411|Bogucin (L1405411)]] - Polish proper noun (bɔˈɡu.t͡ɕin) meaning "village in Greater Poland", "village in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship", or "village in Lublin Voivodeship" ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:28, 24 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29702952 --> == Tech News: 2025-48 == <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:53, 24 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == This Month in Education: November 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 11 • November 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026|Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia|Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras|Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day|190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI|2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States|Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th|November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025|EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia|Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka|Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe|Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course|Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training|United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM|Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge|Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo|Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo|Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community|Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 13:46, 30 November 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29716809 --> == ''The Signpost'': 1 December 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/News and notes|Election cycles come and go, and Wikimedia Foundation achieves record revenue in 2024–2025!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/In the media|Wales walk-off, antisemitism, supernatural powers, feminism turmoil, saints, and sex]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Recent research|At least 80 million inconsistent facts on Wikipedia – can AI help find them?]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Disinformation report|Epstein email exchanges planned strategy, edits and reported progress]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Traffic report|It's a family affair]] * Book review: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Book review|''The Seven Rules of Trust'']] * From the archives: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/From the archives|"I have been asked by Jeffrey Epstein ..."]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Humour|An interview with Wikipe-tan]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Opinion|AI finds errors in 90% of Wikipedia's best articles]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Serendipity|Highlights from the itWikiCon 2025]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Comix|Madness]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 00:16, 1 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29700455 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The term "'''halachic state'''" (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:01, 1 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #708 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-01. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#707]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * A Project Chat discussion ([[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#default_for_all_languages_(mul)|here]]) on mul / fallback language for Labels, Descriptions and Aliases has continued on [[d:Help_talk:Default_values_for_labels_and_aliases#In_the_long_run,_we_should_have_separate_mul_properties_for_different_scripts|Help Talk: Default values for labels and aliases]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Mark your calendars *** [https://vsa-aas.ch/event/workshop-die-schweizer-archivlandschaft-wikidata-und-interaktive-karte/ Workshop: The Swiss archival landscape – Wikidata and interactive map]<br>February 2 & April 20 (German) / June 2 (French), 2026. Workshops are on-site and online, registration mandatory (closes January 20). *** [https://g0v.hackmd.io/@jothon/20251207 Citizen Technology Community Gathering and Taiwan Translation Launch of Linked Open Data Documents] December 7 Time: 13:30-16:50 UTC+8 at {{Q|707524}} Xi Project *** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #83 December 8 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/27/new-tools-new-contributors-new-energy-wikidata-13-celebration-in-the-philippines|Wikidata 13th celebration in the Philippines]] ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/26/wikidata-13th-birthday-taiwan-special-event-recap-part-3|Wikidata 13th Birthday: Taiwan special event recap (part 3)]] ** [[wmbe:Newsletter/2025-11/en#WikidataCon_2025:_a_conversation_with_organizer_Danny_Benjafield|WikidataCon 2025: A conversation with Danny Benjafield]] ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/28/wikidata-13th-birthday-celebration-in-the-igbo-wikimedians-user-group/|Wikidata 13th Birthday Celebration in the Igbo Wikimedians User Group]] ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/28/africa-wiki-women-celebrates-wikidatas-13th-birthday/|Africa Wiki Women Celebrates Wikidata’s 13th Birthday]] * Papers: [https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-4108/paper3.pdf Benchmarking SPARQL Engines on Wikidata Queries] - Four open-source SPARQL engines were benchmarked on Wikidata, with QLever fastest, Blazegraph slower, and all showing SPARQL standard deviations. By Peter F. Patel-Schneider (2025). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Hda2mRjJ3Q Records in Contexts (RiC) Wikibase Working Session] - Regine Heberlein of the (SAA) Description Section Steering Committee hosts a workshop on Wikibase implementation of the Records in Context Conceptual Model (RiC-CM). ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHXIZBfft7A Wikidata Live Editing: Stolpersteine and the Holocaust victims they commemorate] - Follow along as WMDE's Lukas Werkmeister expands Items of Berlin Stoelpersteine. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1S4ujNG8w5M Wikidata in library catalogues: Introduction to the Primo VE linked data feature] - by Dr Thneed ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://www.prixlitteraires.fr Prix Littéraires] lists French-speaking literary prizes and their recipients, also computing [https://www.prixlitteraires.fr/graph/Q3113738 statistics] (see also [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject French-speaking literary prizes|WikiProject]]) ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Nov 27: The Wikibase Community User Group met for a Wikibase Live Session and to discuss the Federated Values demonstration. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13961|Federal Taxpayer Registry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13962|WDSF athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P13963|TikTok numeric user ID]], [[:d:Property:P13964|USGS Publication ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/concurring opinion by|concurring opinion by]] (<nowiki>judicial opinion agreed to by less than half of the members of a court agreeing with the majority's final decision but providing different or additional reasons</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/audio version of text|audio version of text]] (<nowiki>The audio version of a text (e.g. book). Not the audio version of the Wikipedia article about the text (e.g. book).</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hong Kong fire alarm level|Hong Kong fire alarm level]] (<nowiki>Hong Kong fire alarm levels classification system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/overnight stays|overnight stays]] (<nowiki>number of tourists that stay overnight at a place</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/specimen determiner|specimen determiner]] (<nowiki>person who assigned the identification to a specimen</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/collection date|collection date]] (<nowiki>the date-time or interval during which a specimen or object was collected in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/position holder name string|position holder name string]] (<nowiki>name of person holding a position</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crowdfunding target|Crowdfunding target]] (<nowiki>target goal of this Crowdfunding campaign</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/image sensor format|image sensor format]] (<nowiki>shape and size of a digital camera's image sensor</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/random page URL|random page URL]] (<nowiki>link to random page on website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/translates from|translates from]] (<nowiki>language(s) that this person, company or organization translates works texts from</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Twitter broadcast ID|Twitter broadcast ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Petal Maps Place ID|Petal Maps Place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MJ character glyph name|MJ character glyph name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mastercaller player ID|Mastercaller player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dartn.de player ID|dartn.de player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/darts1.de player ID|darts1.de player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/pdpa.co.uk player ID|pdpa.co.uk player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Antiquitatum Thesaurus ID|Antiquitatum Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Theaterencyclopedie-identificatiecode|Theaterencyclopedie-identificatiecode]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Buy Me a Coffee username|Buy Me a Coffee username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GoFundMe ID|GoFundMe ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Maitron d'une biographie (nouvelle version)|Identifiant Maitron d'une biographie (nouvelle version)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Michaelis Portuguese-English properties|Michaelis Portuguese-English properties]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/U.S. Copyright Office Public Records System name slug|U.S. Copyright Office Public Records System name slug]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FCC ID Database company ID|FCC ID Database company ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/GMoW Objects bearing the handwriting of Moses Maimonides] [[d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/genizah|(Source)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Natural_History_Specimen_Data_Model|Natural History Specimen Data Model]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Popular_items_without_claims|Popular Items without Claims]] - these are the most-connected or linked Items that do not have any Statements. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q7414|The Walt Disney Company (Q7414)]] - American multinational mass media company * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L103836|девочка (L103836)]] - Russian noun (dʲɪˈvot͡ɕkə) meaning "female child", "affectionate address to a woman", or "female organism" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: ** We have added editing support for more data types (entity IDs, geographical shapes and tabular data). ** It is now available as a beta feature on test.wikidata.org. You can enable it [https://test.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures here]. * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: We are rolling out improvements to the Databox Lua module to a number of Wikipedias to make it easier to have out-of-the-box Wikidata-powered infoboxes * Ontology federation: We are making progress with making it possible to use Wikidata Item's as statement values in other Wikibase instances * GraphQL: We are continuing the work on the prototype, focusing on getting data from a batch of Items * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team is working on benchmarking of different replacement options for Blazegraph, the software powering the Wikidata Query Service [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Togo|Togo]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:57, 1 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29714910 --> == Tech News: 2025-49 == <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:54, 1 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:29, 8 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #709 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-08. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#708]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Well,_Well,_Bot!|Well, Well, Bot!]] - Task/s: Database imports, maintenance. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/RijksBot|RijksBot]] - Task/s: Adding [[Property:P13234|Rijksmuseum IDs]] (P13234) to Wikidata items based on a CSV mapping of [[Q43649390|QIDs]] to [[Q25861166|Rijksmuseum]] [[Q61694|URIs]]. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/CostamiriBot|CostamiriBot]] - Task/s: [[Q718|Chess]] related tasks such as monthly updates to the [[Q105955|elo]] [[Q105955|rating]] of [[Q10873124|chess players]]. * New draft: [[Wikidata:External identifiers/Obsolescence]] (opinions are welcome in its talk page) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://us06web.zoom.us/meeting/register/dikm7CrXSZ27EuPJA3r56w#/registration How to view #25N with Wikidata?] - a community hour with Wikimedia Chile, 21:00 UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1765224000 Time zone converter]) ** [https://luma.com/7fs5v7os Fact-Checking with Wikidata Workshop] - January 20, 2026, 16:30 ~ 18:00 UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1768930200 Time zone converter]) - WMDE's Philippe Saadé will show hands-on methods using the Wikidata MCP to retrieve, filter and classify Wikidata statements with semantic search, reranker LLM and NLI models, registration required. ** (Portuguese) [https://pt.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ponto_de_Encontro_Wikimedia/II Meeting Point Editatona II - Warm your hands modeling festival on Wikidata]: December 10, 2025, 15:00 - 19:00 UTC+1, Porto, Portugal. ** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 9 December, 2025: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, 9 December, 2025 at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1765299600 Time zone converter]). WikiProject Personal Pronouns members will lead three implementation sessions to improve the data modeling and ethics of personal pronoun representation in Wikidata based on newly-established best practices and Wikidata policy by remediating legacy statements with participants. No previous Wikidata experience is needed to participate. Sessions will be held on October 14, November 25, and December 9, 2025 at our regular time of 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET. Event page: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/PersonalPronouns|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/PersonalPronouns]] * Past Events: [https://www.sas.ac.uk/digital-humanities-research-hub/events/documenting-epigraphic-data-wikidata-ontology-practice Digital Humanities Hub: Documenting epigraphic data, Wikidata ontology practice] - December 2 & 3, 2025, both 14:00 ~ 15:30 UTC. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/03/celebrating-wikidatas-13th-birthday-in-lafia-a-day-of-learning-community-and-open-knowledge-🎉/ Wikidata 13th Birthday Celebration in Lafia] * Papers: ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.00590 Wikontic: Constructing Wikidata-Aligned, Ontology-Aware Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models] - Chepurova ''et al''., (2025) ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.399 Victims of Posterity. Identifying Gaps on 19th-Century French Art History with Wikidata] - first paper in the [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities ''Wikidata Across the Humanities: Datasets, Methodologies, Reuse''] collection by the Journal of Open Humanities Data. Authored by Claire Dupin de Beyssat. * Videos: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6T6_l2aEKXM GB Claude Code AI Agent: Fully Autonomous Wikidata Query & Visualization (Zero Human Intervention)] ** (Taiwanese Mandarin) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iadJst1IN8 Wikidata Taiwan translation project on "Creating Library Linked Data with Wikibase: Lessons Learned from Project Passage"] (as published by the OCLC) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://ranjithsiji.github.io/wikiguessr/ Wikiguessr Game] Is a Wikidata game it guess the location from Image from anywhere around the world by [[User: Ranjithsiji]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Remembering Amos Bairoch, co-contributor to [https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/52/D1/D44/7329473 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Semantic Web of data] and consulted often for TiagoLubiana's [[d:User:CellosaurusBot|CellosaurusBot]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> *Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13975|‎GBFS feed URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a GBFS feed for the bicycle-sharing system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13977|code of conduct URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a resource that contains the Code of Conduct of a project or organization</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13965|BFXC authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P13967|Out tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13968|GayCities ID]], [[:d:Property:P13969|Fight.ru fighters ID]], [[:d:Property:P13970|Personality Database group ID]], [[:d:Property:P13971|‎Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China]], [[:d:Property:P13972|Macanese company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13973|‎MovieID film ID]], [[:d:Property:P13974|Teen Vogue tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13976|‎CRT Database model ID]], [[:d:Property:P13978|PriceRunner product ID]], [[:d:Property:P13979|BWB number]], [[:d:Property:P13980|Brandenburg School ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/fragrance gender|fragrance gender]] (<nowiki>category for which a fragrance is marketed</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/perfumer|perfumer]] (<nowiki>person who created a perfume</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Discharge regime|Discharge regime]] (<nowiki>The '''[[:en:Discharge regime|discharge regime]]''' can be Glacial, Nival or Pluvial. It can be a combination of 2 : Nivo-pluvial, Pluvio-nival, Nivo-glacial, etc. Be specific (e.g. pluvial tropical, meridional, etc.). Or be complex</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/minimal pair of|minimal pair of]] (<nowiki>lexeme that differ from this one in only one phonological element</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cookpad Recipe ID|Cookpad Recipe ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sector.sk game ID|Sector.sk game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Card Player ID|Card Player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfume ID|Fragrantica perfume ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfume brand ID|Fragrantica perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/My Abandonware theme ID|My Abandonware theme ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identificador Banrep Cultural|Identificador Banrep Cultural]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/izoh.uz word ID|izoh.uz word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VGChartz game ID|VGChartz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Metacritic video game genre ID|Metacritic video game genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Place Names and Places of Nova Scotia ID|Place Names and Places of Nova Scotia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Taking Stock ID|Taking Stock ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Game Font Library ID|Game Font Library ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfume notes ID|Fragrantica perfume notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EAGER game ID|EAGER game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/AA7J Birthplace of French Heads of State] ** [https://w.wiki/ACWE Films starring Cary Grant, directed by Howard Hughes, available on YouTube] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Turkmenistan|WikiProject Turkmenistan]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q16994327|Goosebumps]] - 2015 film directed by Rob Letterman * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3958|course (L3958)]] - English noun (kɔːrs) meaning "direction of movement", "program of study", or "part of a meal" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** It's now possible to edit existing references ([[phab:T405236]]) ** We fixed a number of issues such as a problem when adding the first statements to an item ([[phab:T409069]]) ** We started work on showing constraint violation indicators ([[phab:T400676]]) ** We're working on showing errors in the edit form ([[phab:T408928]]) ** We're improving the edit summaries ([[phab:T411247]]) * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We continued working on improvements to the Databox Lua module and template * GraphQL: We continued working on the first version of GraphQL support [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Togo|Togo]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 8 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29714910 --> == Tech News: 2025-50 == <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:41, 8 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XI, November 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Call for volunteers, Computer's Day and upcoming events * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Czech Radio and Wikimedia CZ launched cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Our Activities in November * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wrap up of the 2025 GLAM call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference, a NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence update & Auckland Museum Summer Students * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD and Cultural Institutions: A Year of Growth, Content, and Collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025 conference, WiR Meeting and the First National Institute of Museums Training on GLAM–Wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: IT Wikicon, Faces and Masks, Matrimoine @ Genève * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season- again! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: November edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Here to Help: The Next Stage of the Content Partnerships Hub * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Enriching the data set * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:21, 11 December 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29692345 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:56, 15 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29779168 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #710 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-15. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#709]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * [[d:Wikidata talk:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy|The mass editing policy Request for Comments]] has a number of open questions looking for votes and comments to shape the mass-editing policy. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: * A [[:d:Wikidata:Scholia/Events/2025 12|Scholia hackathon]] is ongoing this week, focused on completing the transition of Scholia to [[:d:WD:QLever|QLever]] as the SPARQL backend for its Wikidata queries. * [[:meta:Wikimedia Indonesia/Pekan Data dan Teknologi 2025|Data and Technology Week 2025]] from 19th of December 2025 to 22 of December 2025, organized by {{Q|13098516}}. Consisted of a Wikidata Workshop, a Wikifunction Introductory Seminar and [[Wikidata:WikiProject Indonesia/Kegiatan/Datathon|Geodatathon]]. This event is in Indonesian. ** (English) [[d:Event:2025_SEA_Games_Datathon|WM Malaysia / 2025 SEA Games Datathon]] - 20.12.2025, 1200 ~ 1400 UTC. [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/2677|Register]] to contribute to items about athletes competing in [[d:Q25041680|South East Asian Games 2025 ]]<small> ([[d:Q25041680|Q25041680]])</small> ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: (French) [https://www.facebook.com/reel/2155010721972790/ Facebook post: ArkéoTopia]: Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques (CTHS) to begin integrating Wikidata * Papers: ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.438 Open Data Practices of Art Museums in Wikidata: A Compliance Assessment] - second paper of the [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities ''Wikidata Across the Humanities: Datasets, Methodologies, Reuse''] collection. By Dişli et al., (2025). ** [https://ital.corejournals.org/index.php/ital/article/view/17384 VIAF Governance Concerns about the Refurbished VIAF Web and API Interfaces] by Stefano Bargioni (2025): a detailed account of the technical and governance issues experienced by [[:d:Q54919|VIAF]] in 2025 and its impact on its many external reusers, including Wikidata * Videos: ** (Italian) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=k3VZpTDOJTQ Wikidata and Wikibase for research]: Camillo Pellizzari gives an overview of Wikidata, the data model, potential as scientific research subject and tool, then a Wikibase intro and its uses beyond Wikidata, with example instance: [https://hypotheseis.wikibase.cloud/ Hypotheseis]; slides [[:commons:File:Wikidata e Wikibase per la ricerca (Seminario di cultura digitale).pdf|on Commons]] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TM4SJeJhcvg Feminist Structured data: A Conversation with Art+Feminism and Whose Knowledge?]: How feminist values can reshape structured data on Wikidata to address gaps, representation, and opportunities for collaboration across communities. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwxdyWHEhpw Community Hours: Art+Feminism community in Armenia]: Former regional A+F ambassador, Arminé Aghayan-Flisch, tells us of her experiences growing the A+F Armenian community through GLAM, Wikidata and Wikipedia. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1sD0G2Obfw PADEP 2025: Using Wikidata in Sociocultural Research]: Dr. Luis Álvarez Azcárraga teaches the course: ''Using Wikidata in Sociocultural Research: Open Databases for Social, Artistic, and Cultural Studies'' ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3hM9hc2tyM See something, change something Webinar]: @[https://www.youtube.com/?si=1fp2tMPLBvkNmrPJ 58:10], a presentation on the Wikidata agent plug-in for ArchivesSpace is given. ** [[c:File:Wikibase_Live_Session_November_2025_-_Federated_Values_Demo.webm|Wikibase Live Session / November 27]]: First demo presented of federation of values from Wikidata to Wikibases. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://broomstick.toolforge.org/ Broomstick] - Broomstick is a tool to uncover Lexemes that can be improved on Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Congratulations to [https://www.govdirectory.org Govdirectory], the [https://www.fsf.org/news/2024-free-software-awards-winners winner of the FSF's Award for Projects of Social Benefit]. * [[d:Wikidata:Tools/WikibaseJS-cli|wikibase-cli]] got [https://github.com/maxlath/wikibase-cli/blob/main/docs/write_operations.md#add-claim-unless-it-already-exists|improved support for claim reconciliation]. This is typically useful to add a claim unless it already exists. * [[m:Grants:Programs/Wikimedia Research & Technology Fund/Wikimedia Research Fund|The Wikimedia Research Fund]] is open for funding applications for research projects around the Wikimedia Projects, including Wikidata. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13986|has grammatical number]] (<nowiki>grammatical number used in this language</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13982|‎NLI Newspaper Collection ID]], [[:d:Property:P13983|Cabinet minutes of the German Government ID]], [[:d:Property:P13984|neodb.social ID]], [[:d:Property:P13985|Flemish Community Masterpieces List item ID]], [[:d:Property:P13987|Medicin.dk medical condition ID]], [[:d:Property:P13988|‎Mapillary username]], [[:d:Property:P13989|‎Sector.sk game ID]], [[:d:Property:P13990|‎My Abandonware theme ID]], [[:d:Property:P13991|‎Encyclopedia of Shinto ID]], [[:d:Property:P13992|‎Blu-Ray.com film ID]], [[:d:Property:P13993|‎Japanese Law Translation ID]], [[:d:Property:P13994|‎Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage streets ID]], [[:d:Property:P13995|‎Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage buildings ID]], [[:d:Property:P13996|Getty Collections Archival Component ID]], [[:d:Property:P13997|CRA program account number]], [[:d:Property:P13998|FC Barcelona player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13999|Qalamos person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14000|‎KISTI conference ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/survivalhorrors.com ID|survivalhorrors.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diccionari de la llengua catalana entry ID|Diccionari de la llengua catalana entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GamesIndustry.biz game ID|GamesIndustry.biz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WhatsOnStage Stage Names ID|WhatsOnStage Stage Names ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adventure Game Hotspot game ID|Adventure Game Hotspot game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Netflix titre|identifiant Netflix titre]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/4gamer.net game ID|4gamer.net game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfumer ID|Fragrantica perfumer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PC Guru game ID|PC Guru game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/British Newspaper Archive publication ID|British Newspaper Archive publication ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GOG tag ID|GOG tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Open Food Facts brand ID|Open Food Facts brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Games for Change directory ID|Games for Change directory ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/GbVa All ports in Wikidata, sorted by the total number of statements] ** [https://w.wiki/Ghiv Queer and LGBT Literature that have won Literary Awards] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Improving_a_query|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/GiaY Bubble chart with numbers shown in the bubbles: Memory of the World inscriptions from Arab states] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_P244_maintenance|WikiProject P244 maintenance]] - For coordination and improvement of Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAP) via [[d:Property:P244|Library of Congress authority ID]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Museum_of_Glass|WikiProject Museum of Glass]] <small>([[d:Q2894440|Q2894440]])</small> - improving the visibility of visiting artists to the [[d:Q7896574|University of Washington Information School]] * WikiProject Highlights: Egezort's efforts in [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Mereology_Task_Force/Effort_0001:_Removing_or_migrating_part_of_statements_in_recipe_relationships|Mereology: removing/migrating part of statements in Recipe relationships]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Unauthorized_bots|34 Bots operating without a Bot flag]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1426707|Fort George (Q1426707)]] - 18th-century fortress built in the Scottish Highlands in the aftermath of the Jacobite Rising of 1745 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L31222|mesa (L31222)]] - Spanish noun (ˈme.sa) meaning "table (furniture)", "mesa (flat-topped hill)", or "served table for dining" ''' Development ''' * Edit summaries: We made changes that will improve the automatic edit summaries of edits made using the wbeditentity API endpoint. Tools that use this endpoint to edit statements will, in some cases, now have more accurate edit summaries; this also affects how such edits are summarized in [[d:Wikidata:Edit groups|edit groups]]. ([[phab:T411247]]) * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are collecting feedback from the first wikis who got the new and improved Databox module. * Mobile statement editing: ** We are making remaining changes for the first roll-out as a beta-feature. ** We are working on showing constraint violations. ([[phab:T411602]], [[phab:T400676]]) * GraphQL: We are working on making it possible to query for Items by Property/value pair ([[phab:T403576]]) * REST API: We are improving error messages for requests that failed due to an IP block ([[phab:T404727]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Germany|Germany]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:32, 15 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29770611 --> == Tech News: 2025-51 == <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:59, 15 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == Request for Wp/kai logo review == Hello sir @[[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]], we completed the settings in the request page for [[Wp/kai]] here ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Karai-Karai Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Karai-Karai]) and we need your help to review the logo we uploaded and confirm whether it is okay or needs some improvements. Help us please if there is any other thing missing on the page or any required settings we might have missed. Thank you in advance for your help. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|talk]]) 19:38, 15 December 2025 (UTC) == This Month in Education: December 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 12 • December 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages|WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context|What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge|WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina|Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University |WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição|Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025|Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania|New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania|New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025|Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop|Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 14:22, 17 December 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29814101 --> == ''The Signpost'': 17 December 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Interview|Part 1: Bernadette Meehan]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/News and notes|We're gonna have a party!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/In the media|The "bigg" bosses: Robertsky and the Pope]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Traffic report|Death and stranger things]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Gallery|A feast of holidays and carols]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Obituary|Michal Lewi (Iwelam) and Alan R. King (A R King)]] * Concept: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Concept|List of xxtreme sports (redirected from Electrojousting)]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Comix|display: flex-inline;]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 20:05, 17 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29700455 --> == A barnstar for you! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Original Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Hey! I just wanted to give you this barnstar as a token of appreciation for your help around here, especially when it comes to updating [[Incubator:Featured wikis]]. Keep up the good work! [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) 21:44, 19 December 2025 (UTC) |} == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:26, 22 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #711 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-22. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#710]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Vitaly Zdanevich|Vitaly Zdanevich]] * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Title markup bot|Title markup bot]] - Task(s): There is a variety of HTML markup found in , violating various constraints on the property. The following task description is for a bot that can start the required cleanup process. I would like to request permission to implement the functionality outlined here as a first iteration, on the understanding that it will be extended and refined to cover more cases. It will operate within the limitation that it will only modify values, add qualifiers and update labels to keep them in-line with altered titles. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=g-8yjmnEBUs Wikidata 13th Anniversary in the Tyap Wikimedians User Group] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PifGSfnVGtw Remapping the Down Survey] - By OSM for History Buffs ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=DxEux41PqC0 Open Data DEx Demo #1 - This week's topic: Astronomy in WikiData!] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-timetrail.toolforge.org Timetrail] - is a website that visualizes the movement of Wikidata items over time by mapping their associated events and locations. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland jobs: ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.career.softgarden.de/jobs/61646562/Director-of-Engineering-all-genders-/ Director of Engineering] (all genders) ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.career.softgarden.de/jobs/60133850/Senior-Data-Analyst-all-genders-/ Senior Data Analyst] (all genders) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14005|Japanese court rank]] (<nowiki>Japanese court rank of a person or a shrine</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14006|‎value of this mathematical characteristic]] (<nowiki>non-numeric value of this characteristic applied to this mathematical object</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14001|Taking Stock ID]], [[:d:Property:P14002|Antiquitatum Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14003|The Advocate tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P14004|‎Game Font Library ID]], [[:d:Property:P14007|IMI person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14008|‎Metacritic video game genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P14009|Banrep Cultural ID]], [[:d:Property:P14013|FCC ID Database company slug]], [[:d:Property:P14016|EDBO institution code]], [[:d:Property:P14017|‎GamesIndustry.biz game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14018|‎PC Guru game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/common organism|common organism]] (<nowiki>organisms known by a common name of a biological taxon</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/part|part]] (<nowiki>exact number denoting the part of a creative work or edition</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/heir apparent|heir apparent]] (<nowiki>person designated to take on royal position after death of subject</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo perfume ID|Parfumo perfume ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo perfumer ID|Parfumo perfumer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo perfumes ID|Parfumo perfumes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo fragrance notes ID|Parfumo fragrance notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BoomerShooterDB game ID|BoomerShooterDB game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Rappels d'une production théâtrale|identifiant Rappels d'une production théâtrale]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfinity notes ID|Parfinity notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vandal game ID|Vandal game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Google Ads Transparency Center advertiser ID|Google Ads Transparency Center advertiser ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GBIF ID|GBIF ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MetroidvaniaDB game ID|MetroidvaniaDB game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Games.cz game ID|Games.cz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Basenotes perfume brand ID|Basenotes perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Basenotes perfume people ID|Basenotes perfume people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Basenotes perfume ID|Basenotes perfume ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CICAP Encyclopedia ID|CICAP Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Zelda Wiki ID|Zelda Wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yaba Sanshiro ID|Yaba Sanshiro ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificador Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia|identificador Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Finnish railway station code|Finnish railway station code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fight-A-Base game ID|Fight-A-Base game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sketchfab model ID|Sketchfab model ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sketchfab channel ID|Sketchfab channel ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sketchfab user ID|Sketchfab user ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DVIDS Video ID|DVIDS Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DeVuego game ID|DeVuego game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/4N9 Number of riots per country] ([https://twitter.com/mrlogix/status/1131050728594632706 source]) ** [https://w.wiki/4NB Country having the most female politicians] ([https://twitter.com/abiatus/status/1130963180199579649 source]) * WikiProject Highlights: Niryhpr's efforts in organising the page [[d:User:Niryhpr/WikiProject_Ports|User:Niryhpr/WikiProject_Ports]] (part of [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Indonesia/Kegiatan/Datathon|WikiProject Indonesia/Geodatathon]]) ** * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:User:Mr. Ibrahem/Language statistics for items|Language statistics for Items]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q309333|Mansa Musa]] - 14th-century ruler of the Mali Empire * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L689064|ਮਰਨ (L689064)]] - Punjabi verb (mərəɳ) meaning "to die (cease living)", "to wither or spoil", or "to give up (lose hope/energy)" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We added an indicator showing which Properties are not yet supported when creating new statements in mobile editing ([[phab:T412719|T412719]]) ** We continued working on showing constraint violations on mobile ([[phab:T411602|T411602]], [[phab:T411608|T411608]]) ** We are working on musical notation statements on mobile ([[phab:T407247|T407247]]) ** We are improving error handling for incorrectly filled and unfilled fields in mobile editing ([[phab:T408928|T408928]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:37, 22 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29806064 --> == Tech News: 2025-52 == <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:42, 22 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:20, 29 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #712 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-29. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#711]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Ppolar bear|Ppolar bear]] - RfP scheduled to end after 3 January 2026 13:40 (UTC) **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/QubeCubeBot|QubeCubeBot]] - Task/s: Continue import of [[Q272930|Swedish Parliament]] documents inline with the modeling work in [[Wikidata:WikiProject Sweden/Swedish Riksdag documents]]. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AinaliBot 3|AinaliBot 3]] - Task/s: Continue import of [[Q272930|Swedish Parliament]] documents inline with the modeling work in [[Wikidata:WikiProject Sweden/Swedish Riksdag documents]]. ''' Events ''' * This month's [[d:Wikidata:Scholia/Events/2025 12|Scholia hackathon]] has moved Scholia closer to its planned switch to a QLever backend. Beta testers can assist by exploring the [https://qlever.scholia.wiki/ interim QLever-backed Scholia instance] and [https://github.com/WDscholia/scholia/issues reporting any issues]. * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://www.swat4ls.org/workshops/amsterdam-2026/call-for-papers/ SWAT4HCLS 2026]. Amsterdam, March 23-26, with a "Wikidata in healthcare and life sciences" session and [https://www.swat4ls.org/workshops/amsterdam-2026/programme/keynotes/ Prof. Hannah Bast] as one of the keynotes ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** (Indonesian) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl27YhKEjV0 Introduction to Wikifunctions] presented by [[:m:User:NikolasKHF|NikolasKHF]] (Niko). In this session, Niko introduced Wikifunctions project, how to edit a function, how to add an implementation and test, and demonstrated them. This is the first Wikifunctions training in Indonesian. Slides are available on [[:c:File:(Datatek) WikiLatih Wikifungsi 2025.pdf|Commons]]. ** (Indonesian) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emWKbM_-V08 Wikidata for Academician] presented by Wikimedia Indonesia's Data and Technology team. They introduced Wikimedia Indonesia, and then explained Wikidata, its underlying concepts and a glance to its history, how to add statements and references, how to query with Wikidata Query Services, Wikidata and its potential in research fields, Wikiprojects and Wikidata:For development resources. Slides are available on [[:c:File:(Datatek) WikiLatih Wikidata untuk Wikimedian dan Akademisi 2025.pdf|Commons]]. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/altilunium/wd-nearbyitems WD-NearbyItems] : browse Wikidata Items nearby * [https://quizicledaily.com Quizicle] is a daily quiz/puzzle game that's not really a quiz and not really a puzzle. Deduce the answer from crossword-style clues with hot/cold feedback. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14025|random page URL]] (<nowiki>link to random page or item on website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14026|specimen classifier]] (<nowiki>person who assigned the identification to a specimen</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14027|collection date]] (<nowiki>date-time or interval during which a specimen or object was collected in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14028|land degradation]] (<nowiki>amount of land that is degraded by an object, mainly for infrastructure projects</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14029|Hong Kong fire alarm level]] (<nowiki>Hong Kong fire alarm levels classification system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14035|page offset]] (<nowiki>difference between external page number printed on the work (P304) and the actual page in digital file (P7668)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14039|logical implication]] (<nowiki>axiom or conjecture that this axiom or conjecture implies</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14019|‎survivalhorrors.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P14020|‎VGChartz ID]], [[:d:Property:P14021|‎Adventure Game Hotspot game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14022|‎BoomerShooterDB game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14023|‎Vandal game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14024|GoFundMe fundraising ID]], [[:d:Property:P14030|Adult Film Database director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14031|S1 No.1 Style actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14032|‎MetroidvaniaDB game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14033|EAGER game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14034|EAGER developer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14036|‎Games.cz game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14037|‎4gamer.net game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14038|‎GOG tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P14040|‎Yaba Sanshiro ID]], [[:d:Property:P14041|‎Games for Change directory ID]], [[:d:Property:P14042|DLSite work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14043|‎DLSite person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14044|‎DLSite doujin circle ID]], [[:d:Property:P14045|‎Fight-A-Base game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14046|‎DeVuego game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Erdős Problem number|Erdős Problem number]] (<nowiki>Erdős Problem number</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PixelatedArcade genre ID|PixelatedArcade genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BRAHMS identifier|BRAHMS identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LegiStorm person ID|LegiStorm person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Game Boy Database game ID|Game Boy Database game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NHK Archives Program ID|NHK Archives Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wendingen object ID|Wendingen object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wendingen person ID|Wendingen person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RetroCollect games ID|RetroCollect games ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FIP.IT basketball player ID|FIP.IT basketball player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lenta.ru person ID|Lenta.ru person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version).|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version).]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Télérama film ID.|Télérama film ID.]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bercail ID|Bercail ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Panoramax picture ID|Panoramax picture ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/InterSportStats athlete ID|InterSportStats athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Before I Play game ID|Before I Play game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3568|turn (L3568)]] - English verb (tɜːrn) meaning "to rotate", "to change direction", or "to transform" ''' Development ''' * No development happened in the past week as the team are on holidays. Happy new year everyone! [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Czech Republic|Czech Republic]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:12, 29 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29858034 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:00, 5 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29871911 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #713 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-05. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#712]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Morneo06|Morne06]] - RfP scheduled to end after 8 January 2026 20:35 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Ppolar_bear|Ppolar bear]] - general consensus is to reapply after gaining more experience. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|Notability policy reform]]: first drafted in 2013, Wikidata has grown vastly since the original Notability policy was created. This first-round discussion is intended to collect ideas, comments, and reflections on how to improve the Notability Policy for what Wikidata currently is and will become. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #84 January 12 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ** [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]]: a two-day event that will take place from 13 to 14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdYOnOg1iq-8M4xWw8foHUw_7fReWTKtVH_GHzGI2_ozWww9Q/viewform?pli=1 Apply] for a grant and join the event. ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1768410000 18:00 CEST], 14th January 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://doi.org/10.59350/6t2qh-2f839 Rescuing Scholia #2: getting closer] ** [https://almedaresearch.org/about-almeda/ African Literary Metadata (ALMEDA)] ** [https://www.emergentmind.com/topics/wikontic-framework Wikontic: Ontology-Aware KG Pipeline] - this article introduces Wikontic, a pipeline that builds knowledge graphs from text by enforcing Wikidata's ontological rules and merging duplicate entities. * Papers: ** [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399200580_Using_Wikidata's_Ontology_in_Practice_A_Neuro-Symbolic_Community-Centred_Workflow_for_Integrating_and_Reusing_Humanities_Datasets Using Wikidata’s Ontology in Practice: A Neuro-Symbolic, Community-Centred Workflow for Integrating and Reusing Humanities Datasets] - This article introduces an ontology-first, community-driven workflow that aligns humanities datasets with Wikidata to address data silos and gender inequities, offering reusable modelling patterns, SPARQL-based analysis, and a neuro-symbolic AI framework that reduces bias and supports reproducible, ontology-backed knowledge graph practices. By Velilla & Ferran-Ferrer (2025). ** [https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=148575 A Semantic Wiki for Language Learning: The Case of the Baoulé Language] - The BAOULE-WIKI project introduces a semantic wiki and homograph-detection model to preserve and teach the endangered Baoulé language, achieving high accuracy while paving the way for broader digital preservation of African languages through community collaboration and integration with knowledge bases like Wikidata and DBpedia. By Kra et al., (2026). ** [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/738255 Transforming the Digital Landscape: Towards a Medieval Knowledge Graph] - Digitization has transformed medieval studies by expanding access and enabling new research methods, with future progress hinging on Linked Open Data, shareable identifiers, and collaborative knowledge graphs to truly democratize and enrich scholarship. By Burrows, (2026). ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.426 Towards a Linked Open Index: Reconciling Museum Records to Wikidata for Index of American Design Constituents] - The Index of American Design project’s reconciliation of thousands of records with Wikidata reveals both challenges and strategies for improving data alignment, while a linked Power BI tool supports ongoing monitoring of quality, access, and representation in humanities research. By Foster et al., (2026). ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.441 The “Dizionario Degli Scrittori Italiani Contemporanei Pseudonimi” in Wikidata. Pseudonymous Authors in Wikidata: Dataset and Queries] - The dataset from the MA thesis structures biographical data on 19th–20th century pseudonymous Italian authors in Wikidata, including corpus items, SPARQL queries, and analysis documents, and is reusable for further research or case studies. By De Monaco, (2025). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://broomstick.toolforge.org/ Broomstick] is a tool by Wikicollabs it uncover Lexemes that can be improved on Wikidata. * Explore your Wikimedia activity year in review with [https://affandymurad.github.io/wiki/ Wiki Year in Review] * Wikilokal (Android version): explore the world within a 3 km radius by [[User:Affandy Murad|Affandy Murad]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * New project: [https://iupac.org/project/2025-016-3-400/ Dissemination of polymer science through Wikipedia and Wikidata] ({{Q|33438}}) * ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14047|crowdfunding target]] (<nowiki>target goal of this crowdfunding campaign</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14052|free height]] (<nowiki>vertical distance from the floor level to the lowest obstruction in the ceiling of an indoor or outdoor space</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14048|‎PixelatedArcade genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P14049|‎Game Boy Database game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14050|‎RetroCollect games ID]], [[:d:Property:P14051|MyWaifuList work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14053|Nonbinary Wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P14054|Diccionari de la llengua catalana entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P14055|DVIDS video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14056|FIP.IT basketball player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14057|Card Player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14058|Télérama film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14059|Boosty author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14060|‎Before I Play game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fungal Names taxon ID|Fungal Names taxon ID]] (<nowiki>ID number in the [[:w:Fungal Names]] database.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Braille transcription|Braille transcription]] (<nowiki>transcription in Braille</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Braille represents|Braille represents]] (<nowiki>graphene or phone that the Braille cell represents</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CNVD-ID|CNVD-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Trismegistos editor ID|Trismegistos editor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/woordenlijst lemma ID|woordenlijst lemma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European Vehicle Number|European Vehicle Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CourtListener person ID|CourtListener person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Norwegian railway station code|Norwegian railway station code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Australian National Kennel Council ID|Australian National Kennel Council ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museo del Marchio Italiano ID|Museo del Marchio Italiano ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E498|(E498) district electoral division]]: Schema to describe an electoral division (small political division of Ireland). * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IrishForges|Project IrishForges]]: Describing forges and forge buildings of Ireland using Wikidata, Wikimedia and other sources. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ireland|Project Ireland]]: A hub for all Ireland-related Wikidata activities including cross-Wikiproject tasks. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_HistoricIrishPlacenames|Project Historic Irish Placenames]]: focusing on County Kilkenny, connect historic placenames with their modern counterparts or create new items for ''"lost places"''. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Sweden/Svenska_psalmodikon|Svenska psalmodikon]]: A sub-project for the [[d:Q3354977|psalmodikon <small>(Q3354977)</small>]], a stringed-instrument popular in Sweden. * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Limits_of_Wikidata/WikiProjects_as_decentralized_governance|WikiPojects as decentralized governance]] - this sub-page of the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Limits_of_Wikidata|Limits of Wikidata project]] proposes WikiProjects become caretakers of collections or subgraphs of relevant items. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q717|Venezuela (Q717)]] - country in South America * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L155644|размах (L155644)]] - Russian noun (rɐzˈmax) meaning "amplitude (of a swing)", "physical span or width", or "scale/scope (of an activity)" ''' Development ''' * No development happened in the past week as the team are just returning from the holidays. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:21, 5 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29884794 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso. Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:45, 12 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29894468 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar & Auckland Museum student update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:58, 12 January 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29895284 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #714 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-12. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#713]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AmeisenBot 3|AmeisenBot 3]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding descriptions (and possibly labels and aliases as well) to items based on their statements. * New CheckUser requests: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/CheckUser/Saroj|Saroj]] (RfP scheduled to end at 25 January 2026 09:31 UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1768410000 18:00 CEST], 14th January 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] is launching a new office hours series starting [[:Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_January_2026|'''January 27th''']], 2026 and continuing on the first Tuesday of each month. The scope of this series is be limited to [[:Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update|Blazegraph migration]] support for the entirety of 2026. Participants are encouraged to register in advance for each session and may optionally add a brief description of their migration-related questions to [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours the shared Etherpad] to help guide preparation. ''See [[:Wikidata:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours|Blazegraph Migration office hour page]] for more details'' ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/05/wikidata-at-13-fante-wikimedians-joins-the-celebration/ Wikidata at 13: Fante Wikimedians Joins the Celebration] * Papers: [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003584155-3/structuring-sights-stories-pausanias-wikidata-john-brady-kiesling-anna-foka-kyriaki-konstantinidou-linda-talatas-elton-barker Structuring the Sights and Stories of Pausanias with Wikidata] - The Digital Periegesis project leverages Wikidata and linked open data tools to annotate, disambiguate, and connect Pausanias’s complex 2nd‑century text, enhancing accessibility, interoperability, and scholarly engagement with Greece’s historical and mythological landscape. By Kiesling et al., (2025) * Videos: (Papiamento) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PukvB8Viw_0 Wikipedia on Aruba | Episode 8: How to add a new topic (item) to Wikidata] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://knowledgetrain.toolforge.org/ Knowledge Train] A game to create a train of knowledge with the power of Wikidata - User:Athulvis ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/MAKNPEWKTYJAJTIIDM6MWU3YMA5KHSXB/ Mobile statement editing is now available as a beta feature on Wikidata]. Enable the Beta feature in your preferences settings, head to [[d:Q4115189|Wikidata Sandbox (Q4115189)]] (in mobile view) to test it and share your feedback here: [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]]. * The [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. To have new issues of the WDP '''monthly''' newsletter delivered to your user talk page, {{#tag:span| [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|Subscribe to WDP newsletter!]] | style=background-color:#E7F527; border-radius:3px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold;}} ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14067|common organism]] (<nowiki>organisms known by this common name</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14059|Boosty author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14060|‎Before I Play game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14061|‎Korea Heritage Service Heritage Portal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14062|‎KaraokeTexty.cz artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14063|‎KaraokeTexty.cz song ID]], [[:d:Property:P14064|‎Showlabs ID]], [[:d:Property:P14065|DEUMM Online ID]], [[:d:Property:P14066|Slekt og Data cemetery ID]], [[:d:Property:P14068|Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14069|EZB library ID]], [[:d:Property:P14070|topic of Dictionary of Canadian biography identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14071|Cover Art Archive image]], [[:d:Property:P14072|‎X broadcast ID]], [[:d:Property:P14073|Theaterencyclopedie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14074|Maitron biography ID (new version)]], [[:d:Property:P14075|‎Scilit organization ID]], [[:d:Property:P14076|Fragrantica perfume ID]], [[:d:Property:P14077|Fragrantica perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14078|izoh.uz word ID]], [[:d:Property:P14079|‎Place Names and Places of Nova Scotia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14080|Fragrantica perfume notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14081|Fragrantica perfumer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14082|Parfumo perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14083|Parfumo perfumer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14084|Parfumo perfume ID]], [[:d:Property:P14085|Parfumo fragrance notes ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artistagraph ID|Artistagraph ID]] (<nowiki>Identifies the Artistagraph for an artistIdentifier for creative works on Artistagraph, a platform for documenting and discovering artist information and creative work connections</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of tunnel tubes|number of tunnel tubes]] (<nowiki>Number of parallel tubes in a tunnel.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review:: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mapillary sequence ID|Mapillary sequence ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/People's Graphic Design Archive creator ID|People's Graphic Design Archive creator ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Uni24k indentifier|Uni24k indentifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels BeStAddress municipality ID|Brussels BeStAddress municipality ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels BeStAddress street name ID|Brussels BeStAddress street name ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels BeStAddress address ID|Brussels BeStAddress address ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikifunctions object|Wikifunctions object]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MAX username|MAX username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ID|Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Retro Web company ID|The Retro Web company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Berlin|Schulnummer Berlin]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCI article ID|KCI article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/HKna Timeline of coup d'états] **[https://w.wiki/HMYd All towns named Versailles] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q487338|mojito]] - traditional Cuban highball cocktail ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We have released the first version of mobile statement editing as a beta feature (see details above). In addition we are improving it further and are adding missing functionality to get it ready for a full release. This includes adding editing support for additional data types such as date and musical notation. * Blazegraph replacement: The Wikidata platform team is continuing their evaluation of alternative backends for the Wikidata Query Service. * Graph QL: We are continuing to work on the prototype to get it ready for wider testing and are waiting on a security review. * Dumps: We fixed an issue where the "latest" symlinks to data dumps weren't working correctly. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are investigating how to further reduce the number of unnecessary changes showing up in watchlist and recent changes coming from Wikidata. The work on this is also helping reduce the size of the recent changes database table, which is especially important on larger Wikipedias. In addition we are continuing to improve the Databox module to make it easier for smaller Wikipedias to get Wikidata-powered infoboxes. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:59, 12 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29895747 --> == Tech News: 2026-03 == <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 12 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == ''The Signpost'': 15 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/News and notes|Wikipedia's 25th anniversary is here!]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Special report|Wikipedia at 25: A Wake-Up Call]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Serendipity|The WMF wants to buy you books!]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/WikiProject report|Time for a health check: the Vital Signs 2026 campaign]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/In the media|Fake Acting President Trump and a Wikipedia infobox]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Community view|The inbox behind Wikipedia]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Recent research|Art museums on Wikidata; comparing three comparisons of Grokipedia and Wikipedia]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Traffic report|Tonight I'm gonna rock you]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Comix|Oh come on man.]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 15:18, 15 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29899914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze. Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:14, 19 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #715 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-19. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#714]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Deprecate_P642|Deprecate P642?]] - Consensus to deprecate was reached. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://www.wikimedia.nz/wikifying-te-tiriti-based-futures/ Wikifying Te Tiriti] 10-workshop series, attendees will learn how to contribute to Wikipedia and create Wikidata items, to increase the visibility of people and their projects working in Te Tiriti and anti-racism areas. Further information can be found on the [[w:WikiProject:_Wikifying_Te_Tiriti-based_Futures|WikiProject page]] / [[w:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Pakoire/WikiProject:_Wikifying_Te_Tiriti-based_Futures#Timetable|Workshop timetable]]. [https://learn-to-wikify-ttbf.lilregie.com/booking/attendees/new Register to attend]. ** [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Uganda|Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Uganda]] - contribute to the project by expanding or creating Wikidata Items connected to the project categories, such as Ugandan folklore, food, music, dances, traditional clothing, and more. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2026/01/new-wikimedian-in-residence-at-lse/ The London School of Economics and Political Science have employed a Wikimedian in Residence] ** Wikimedia Indonesia held [[:m:Wikimedia Indonesia/Pekan Data dan Teknologi 2025|Data and Technology Week 2025]] in last December 2025, organized introductory workshops on Wikidata and Wikifunctions. Read key takeaways and participants' discussion at [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/16/introducing-data-and-functions-reflections-from-indonesian-data-and-technology-week-2025/ Diff]. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/14/wikidata-days-2025-journey-in-africa-building-knowledge-languages-and-communities/ Wikidata Days 2025 Journey in Africa: Building Knowledge, Languages and Communities] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/18/wikidata-botswana-2025-celebrating-13-years-and-we-really-showed-up-%F0%9F%8E%89/ Wikidata Botswana 2025: Celebrating 13 Years (And We Really Showed Up!)] * Papers: ** A new monographic number of [[:d:Q3805294|JLIS.it]] has been published regarding the [[:d:Q105086090|OPAC SBN]] (the biggest collective library catalogue in Italy, with more than 7 thousands of libraries participating; about its collaboration with Wikidata, see [[:d:Wikidata:Gruppo Wikidata per Musei, Archivi e Biblioteche/SBN|the Wikidata coordination page]]); it contains 3 papers focusing on the use of Wikidata for authority control (all in Italian, with abstract in English): *** [[:d:Q137786824|''Wikidata and SBN: An Assessment of Two Years of Work (2023–2025)'']]: an overview Wikidata-SBN of the collaboration in 2023-2025, focusing on the methods of reconciliation *** [[:d:Q137787153|''Wikidata-Enhanced Authority Records: A Project for Personal Names in SBN'']]: a description of the procedure to extract data from Wikidata items matches with SBN authority records and adapt these data to be copied into non-individualised SBN authority records *** [[:d:Q137787159|''NaMo, utility for populating missing date fields in authority records'']]: a description of an utility to keep an authority file up-to-date finding missing death dates through Wikidata ** [https://jlis.fupress.net/index.php/jlis/article/view/677 Wikidata-Enhanced Authority Records: A Project for Personal Names in SBN] - A collaboration between Wikimedia Italy and ICCU is enriching incomplete SBN authority records using Wikidata identifiers, enhancing catalogue accuracy and accessibility as entries continue to grow. By Ravelli, (2026). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://puzzles.madebynathan.com/chains Puzzles By Nathan] is a game that arrange words so each connects to the next ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editing for RTL languages: The Wikimedia Deutschland team is seeking users of right-to-left (RTL) scripts, including Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, and Urdu, to help test and improve the mobile statement editing experience. If you edit in an RTL language and would like to join user interviews or deeper testing, [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/direct sign up here]. * (French) [https://observablehq.com/@workspace2138/odonymes-femmes Gendered place names in the public space of French-speaking Switzerland] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14086|Parfinity notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14087|‎Google Ads Transparency Center advertiser ID]], [[:d:Property:P14088|Basenotes perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14089|Basenotes perfume people ID]], [[:d:Property:P14090|Basenotes perfume ID]], [[:d:Property:P14091|Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ID]], [[:d:Property:P14092|MAX username]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/location collected|location collected]] (<nowiki>geographic location where a specimen or sample was collected in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Category for music in this language|Category for music in this language]] (<nowiki>link to category item that contains music in this language</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Thyssen-Bornemisza work ID|Thyssen-Bornemisza work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CriticDB IDs|CriticDB IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MPA certificate number|MPA certificate number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WorldFootball.net person ID (new)|WorldFootball.net person ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Session tune ID|The Session tune ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo fragrance note ID|Parfumo fragrance note ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/HVed Timeline of elected germanic Roman emperors] ** [https://w.wiki/HXVa Universities without a P625 (coordinate location)] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#query_to_show_university_without_coordinate_location|Source]] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E24|film director (E24)]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Rijksmonumenten/Maintenance/Unmerge|Rijksmonumenten Unmerge list]] - list of items with more than one [[d:Property:P359|P359 (Rijksmonumenten ID)]]. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Stanford_Libraries|Stanford Libraries]] added an event: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Stanford_Libraries/Events/LDW2026|Love Data Week 2026]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Special:EntitiesWithoutLabel|Entities without a Label]] - this list is dynamically created, search by language code and entity type: Item or Property. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q253414|FIFA (Q253414)]] - international governing body of association football * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3922|charge (L3922)]] - English verb (tʃɑːrdʒ) meaning "to supply with energy", "to rush forward", or "to have responsibility for" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We continued work on supporting more datatypes for editing, specifically date, musical notation and monolingual text. ** We worked on displaying constraint violation indicators. ** You can try out the current state by enabling it in the beta features section of your preferences. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to investigate options for further reducing the amount of Wikidata changes in recent changes and watchlist on the other wikis to reduce the size of the database tables. * Dumps: We finished our research on dumps, especially looking into different ways to define subsets. We will publish the report with results by end of February. * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team is continuing the evaluation of potential replacements for Blazegraph. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:25, 19 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29942616 --> == Tech News: 2026-04 == <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:26, 19 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese. Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome. Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:05, 26 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #716 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-26. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#715]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: :* Reminder: Blazegraph Migration Office Hours: The [[mw:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] is kicking off its monthly Blazegraph migeration office hours tomorrow, {{zonestamp|2026-01-27 16:00|27th January, 16:00 UTC}}. These sessions focus exclusively on supporting the migration away from Blazegraph as the backend of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS). ''[[Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_January_2026|See the office hours page for details and future sessions.]]'' :* Art+Feminism online hands-on training session: Intro to Wikidata + Archives. January 29, 15:00 UTC (16:00 CET). [[d:User:Alan_Ang_(WMDE)|Alan Ang (WMDE)]] and [[d:User:Epìdosis]] host this workshop on collective editing and how Wikidata connects with archives. More info and Zoom registration @ [https://artandfeminism.org/edit_a_thon/intro-to-wikidata-archives Art+Feminism.org] :* OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #85 February 9 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. :* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czndc9Ekzb8 Mapping Africa: Visualizing Knowledge and Communities] - 28.01.2026, 16:00 UTC. Episode #54 of the WikiAfrica Hour explores the power of maps and geospatial data. * General Registration is Open! [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/OG6M6XHHTMO7G4VVB27C4ZUJDX4VLDLE/ 2026 Wikimedia Hackathon] - May 1-3, 2026 ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://forum.clarin.eu/t/wikidata-replaces-the-clarin-concept-registry-in-the-component-registry/1205 Wikidata replaces the CLARIN Concept Registry in the Component Registry] * Papers: ** [https://odr.chalmers.se/items/4b2db132-b688-4bb1-a84c-4e614b9f1916 Analysis and Generation of Wikidata Descriptions Focusing on Bangla Language] - A rule-based Grammatical Framework resource grammar for Bangla generates accurate, consistent Wikidata descriptions across diverse entities, achieving over 99% coverage and enhancing low-resource language content in multilingual knowledge bases. By Mohammad, (2025). * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eT_VTTeaig4&pp=0gcJCTMBo7VqN5tD Fact-Checking with Wikidata by Philippe Saadé] - a recording of the workshop hosted by DataTalks.Club in collaboration with [[d:User:Philippe_Saade_(WMDE)|User:Philippe Saadé]] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wXaHJ85g88A Wikimedia and Biodiversity Data: A Mutualistic Relationship in the Open Knowledge Ecosystem] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHxq0YJU-OM Collaborative Cultural Heritage Geodata], session 2 of SunoikisisDC's ''Digital Approaches to Cultural Heritage''. Discusses how Wikidata is used and contributes data to the field of spatial and geographic technologies. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGK0qQ3hRkA Wikimedia projects & smell-related content: WMUK Sandbox Session] - [[d:User:Lajmmoore|User:Lajmmoore]] describes how to add and model sensory experiences such as smell, to Wikidata. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://property-helper.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Property Creation Helper] is a tool by [[User:ArthurPSmith|ArthurPSmith]]. The tool takes a property proposal page and translates it into a QuickStatements batch (and then a second one for the examples) that a property creator can use to quickly create a new property. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland 2026 first quarter development plan has been published: [[d:Wikidata:Linked Open Data development plan|Wikidata:Linked Open Data development plan]]. * '''Job opening:''' The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring a Wikidata Platform Backend Migration Specialist (contract position) to support backend migration work on the Wikidata Query Service. This role focuses on technical work related to the migration away from Blazegraph. If you're interested in the role or want to learn more, see the [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/7545685 full job description and application details]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14094|translates from]] (<nowiki>language(s) that this person, company or organization translates works texts from</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14095|translates into]] (<nowiki>language(s) that this person, company or organization translates works and texts into</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14092|MAX username]], [[:d:Property:P14093|CriticDB game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14096|‎Finnish railway station code]], [[:d:Property:P14097|Sketchfab model ID]], [[:d:Property:P14098|Sketchfab channel ID]], [[:d:Property:P14099|Sketchfab user ID]], [[:d:Property:P14100|BRAHMS identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14101|LegiStorm person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14102|NHK Archives program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14103|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version)]], [[:d:Property:P14104|Bercail ID]], [[:d:Property:P14105|‎InterSportStats athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P14106|‎Erdős Problem number]], [[:d:Property:P14107|Trismegistos editor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14108|‎woordenlijst lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P14109|‎European Vehicle Number]], [[:d:Property:P14110|CourtListener person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14111|Australian National Kennel Council ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/incompatible type|incompatible type]] (<nowiki>instances of this type or of its subclasses cannot be instances of that type nor of its subclasses</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KaraokeTexty.cz album ID|KaraokeTexty.cz album ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical encyclopedia of Maros County-ID|Biographical encyclopedia of Maros County-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ShotOnWhat film ID|ShotOnWhat film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 ID|Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CardCow.com publisher ID|CardCow.com publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stockholms SL Realtidsinformation identificator|Stockholms SL Realtidsinformation identificator]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lost Pubs Project ID|Lost Pubs Project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Handball Base ID|Handball Base ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Handballnews.pl person ID|Handballnews.pl person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SFDb förlaga-ID|SFDb förlaga-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RITVA company ID|RITVA company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RITVA corporate body ID|RITVA corporate body ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TC Infos network identifier|TC Infos network identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/French Trade Mark Number|French Trade Mark Number]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/Hbge Wikidata Items with a frequency (hertz) within human-hearing range] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#List_only_items_that_have_a_frequency_in_hertz_and_in_our_hearing_range|source]]) * Schema examples: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Schemas/Tutorial|WikiProject Schemas: A tutorial]] - to create a simple ShEx schema and apply it to a set of Wikidata items. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_No_Longer_at_the_Margins/Hackathon_2026|No Longer at the Margins - 2026 Hackathon]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Bahamas/buildings_in_Nassau|WikiProject Bahamas - list of buildings in Nassau]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Special:EntitiesWithoutDescription|Entities missing a description]] - choose a language and entity type (Item or Property) and generate a list of entities that have no description. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q7296|Mount Kilimanjaro]] - mountain massif in Kilimanjaro National Park in Tanzania * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L130056|мундштук (L130056)]] - Russian noun (mʊnʂˈtuk) meaning "mouthpiece (of a musical instrument)", "mouthpiece (of a pipe/cigar holder)", or "a horse's bit" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We started working on supporting editing of monolingual text statements ** We continued working on supporting editing of geocoordinate and quantity statements ** We are fixing display issues with date statements ** We continued work on showing constraint violations * GraphQL: ** The security review was finished, removing a blocker to deploying GraphQL support to Wikidata ** We added pagination to querying items by statement properties or values ** We are extending the labels of linked entities functionality to also let you get the descriptions of the Items linked in a statement * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to investigate options for further reducing the amount of Wikidata changes in recent changes and watchlist on the other wikis to reduce the size of the database tables. * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team is continuing the evaluation of potential replacements for Blazegraph. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus countries: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Albania|Albania]] and [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kosovo|Kosovo]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:28, 26 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29942616 --> == Tech News: 2026-05 == <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:14, 26 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == This Month in Education: January 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto "25x25" llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 18:26, 28 January 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29951116 --> == ''The Signpost'': 29 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Traffic report|The most viewed articles of 2025]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News and notes|Good news... but also bad news for the Public Domain]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News from Diff|Solving puzzles together]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/In the media|Every view on the 25th anniversary of everything]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Comix|Perspectives]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 06:31, 29 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29988053 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:32, 2 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #717 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-02. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#716]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Sapper-bot_2|Sapper-bot 2]] - Task: Monthly updates of the [[d:Q23883|Dead Sea]] level and the "lowest point" property for [[d:Q801|Israel]], [[d:Q810|Jordan]], and [[d:Q48|Asia]]. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/LiteraryWorksMetaDataUploadBot|LiteraryWorksMetaDataUploadBot]] - Task: Upload metadata for literary works from research project. (Approved) * Other: [[d:Wikidata:Administrators'_noticeboard#Proposal_to_configure_the_Newcomer_Dashboard_for_Wikidata|Proposal to configure the Newcomer Dashboard for Wikidata]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/27/call-for-sessions-wikimania-2026-is-coming-to-paris/ Call for Sessions: Wikimania 2026 is Coming to Paris]! The submission form will remain open until March 1. Results will be published in May. ** Who's hiding behind museum collections? - A Wikidata Edit-a-thon by [https://winoda.de/en/english/ WiNoDa Knowledge Lab] (February 24th, 1:00pm-4:30pm CET). This online Edit-a-thon will focus on the many collectors that contributed to the [[q:Q136406087|Arachnida and Miryapoda collection of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin]]. Join us to uncover the unspoken human networks that shaped the history of science! Register here: http://winoda.de/en/event/wikidata-edit-a-thon/ ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/01/celebrating-latin-american-public-domain-in-2026/ Strengthening the Latin American public domain with Wikidata] * Thesis: Hebeis, Maximilian (2026): [https://doi.org/10.20378/irb-112660 ''Entity Matching for Person Records in Authority Files''], Bamberg: Otto-Friedrich-Universität (Master thesis in computer science: "a case study into applying learningbased entity matching to person records from two large authority databases, namely the [[:d:Q36578|German national Integrated Authority File (GND)]] and the crowd-sourced open knowledge base Wikidata") * Papers: Special Collection of the Journal of Open Humanities Data (JOHD): ''Wikidata across the humanities: datasets, methodologies, reuse'', https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities (new papers have been published during the last week; see a list at [[:d:Q136325279#P527]]) * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUtvW94US_M Africa Wiki Women 1st Newbies Community Meetup] - held an orientation for new members on editing Wikidata, Wikipedia, and Commons, to help bridge knowledge gaps of African women on Wiki platforms. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czndc9Ekzb8 Mapping Africa: Visualizing Knowledge and Communities] - explores how African communities use maps and geospatial data to enhance Wikidata, improve Wikimedia articles, and make local knowledge more visible globally. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/altilunium/wdlist Wdlist : Create and manage a personal list of Wikidata items.] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland Job vacancy - [https://wikimedia-deutschland.career.softgarden.de/jobs/62397164/Architect-of-Storage-Solutions-all-genders---6-weeks-Freelance-contract/ Architect of Storage Solutions] - (freelance contract / 4-6 weeks) * You can now nominate your favorite Wikidata research award for 2025. [https://research.wikimedia.org/awards.html Call for Nominations] now open until February 15, 2026. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14112|U.S. Copyright Office Public Records System name ID]], [[:d:Property:P14113|Lenta.ru person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/value type of this mathematical property|value type of this mathematical property]] (<nowiki>type of the value of this mathematical property when applied to this object or this type of objects</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gifu Prefectural Shrine Association ranking|Gifu Prefectural Shrine Association ranking]] (<nowiki>One of the three rankings given by the Gifu Prefectural Shrine Association</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/instances must not have|instances must not have]] (<nowiki>instances of this class or of its subclasses must not have given property or statement</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/African Scientists Directory ID|African Scientists Directory ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a scientist in the African Scientists Directory</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Center for Jewish History person ID|Center for Jewish History person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LINCS ID|LINCS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artdoc.Media film ID|Artdoc.Media film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 practice ID|Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 practice ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Walloon-French dictionary ID|Walloon-French dictionary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Russian Register of Film Distribution Certificates ID|Russian Register of Film Distribution Certificates ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID|Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant inventaire Nouvelle-Aquitaine|Identifiant inventaire Nouvelle-Aquitaine]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek ID|Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Woordenboek van Nieuwe Woorden ID|Woordenboek van Nieuwe Woorden ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal ID|Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Woordcombinaties ID|Woordcombinaties ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands ID|Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Database of the Southern Dutch Dialects concept ID|Database of the Southern Dutch Dialects concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GiveSendGo ID|GiveSendGo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CrowdRepublic project ID|CrowdRepublic project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European Dictionary Portal ID|European Dictionary Portal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gravestone Project Cemetery ID|Gravestone Project Cemetery ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Uzbek-Russian dictionary ID|Uzbek-Russian dictionary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ruwiki ID|Ruwiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swedish National Archives ID|Swedish National Archives ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GDUNO ID|GDUNO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JMRC person id|JMRC person id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catalunya Romànica ID|Catalunya Romànica ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mercantile Navy List ID|Mercantile Navy List ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Igromania author ID|Igromania author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Danmarks Kirker|Danmarks Kirker]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Medvik ID|Medvik ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Obálky knih ID|Obálky knih ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Theatre in Prague artist ID|National Theatre in Prague artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Theatre in Prague performance ID|National Theatre in Prague performance ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Alpine Linux Wiki article|Alpine Linux Wiki article]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Microsoft Store developer ID|Microsoft Store developer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/Hg$g Item with a Wikipedia page in lang. X but not Y] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Wikidata_instance_with_page_on_language_wikis|source]]) - modify the wd: QID and the schema:isPartOf for your own purposes. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Chess/Lists/Rubinstein-Memorial|WikiProject Chess - Rubinstein-Memorial list]] ** [[d:Wikidata:Wikiproject_Units_of_Measurement|WikiProject Units of Measurement]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Medicine/List_of_Italian_doctors|Wikiproject Medicine - List of Italian Doctors]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Evanion_Collection|WikiProject Evanion Collection]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_every_politician/Canada|WikiProject every Politician / Canada]] - all Commons lists were updated. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/to_delete|Variety of reports for deletion candidates]] ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are making progress with identifying additional ways in which we can reduce the number of irrelevant changes from Wikidata showing up in recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co. ** We are discussing with pilot Wikipedias about turning on showing Wikidata changes by default in watchlist and recent changes (moving it from opt-in to opt-out) * GraphQL: We are putting the last touches on a GraphQL endpoint for Wikidata. We are planning to get it live later this month for feedback. * LDF endpoint: We are planning to decommission the endpoint in preparation for the migration away from Blazegraph on the 18th of February ([[phab:T415696]]) * Mobile statement editing: ** We are almost done with adding support for editing statements with quantity and monolingual text datatype and finished support for mathematical expression statements. We started support for editing coordinate statements. ** We are continuing the work on showing constraint violations. * Wikibase Ecosystem: We are in the process of setting up a demo system for ontology federation (i.e. using Wikidata Items as values in statements on another Wikibase instance) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 2 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29942616 --> == Tech News: 2026-06 == <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 2 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #718 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-09. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#717]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://numishare.blogspot.com/2026/01/improving-searchability-using-natural.html Numishare Blog: Improving searchability using Natural language Processing + Wikidata] - How NLP-based search improvements for [[d:Q631286|numismatic]] collections for the [[d:Q1256518|American Numismatic Society]]. Python NLP tools and Wikidata add a semantic layer that links equivalent terms (e.g. “serpent” and “snake”) to improve discovery across coin databases such as OCRE and MANTIS. Author: [[d:Q57432992|Ethan Gruber]]. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vRrasGCifE Art+Feminism Conversations / Intro to Wikidata + Archives]: Led by [[d:User:Ep%C3%ACdosis|User:Epìdosis]] and [[d:User:Alan_Ang_(WMDE)|User:Alan Ang (WMDE)]], this recording covers tools that support collaborative Wikidata editing, and includes with brief updates on mobile editing, Wikibase software, and work at the intersection of AI and Wikidata. Find more info and tools covered on [[m:Art%2BFeminism:_Intro_to_Wikidata_and_Archives|Meta:Art+Feminism]] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8S1Ay5UWvo Custom Upload Funnel Creation on Wikimedia Commons: Wiki Loves Africa 2026] - [[d:User:Kambai_Akau|User:Kambai Akau]] and the [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Africa_2026_in_the_Tyap_Community|Tyap User Group]] demonstrate how to contribute to the Wiki Loves Africa 2026 contest, incl. how to add a Wikidata Infobox to your contributions, and how to create Wikidata Items if they are missing. ** (Papiamento) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiZAvrop_yU Add a different language Label to a Wikidata Item] Wikipedia Above Aruba|Ep. 9 - it's not always obvious how to add labels, descriptions and aliases of different languages to Wikidata items, this short video demonstrates how. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9tbLc5czbU Hands-on Exercise: Data Cleaning & Preparation with OpenRefine] - Daniel Garjio guides through exercises to cluster and merge duplicate values, standardise formats, reconcile data with external authority sources such as Wikidata. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srLq6dXjGc4 Mapeo colaborativo, plataformas libres y autonomía local], part of the [[m:Conferencia_Justicia_climática_Perú_2024|Conference on Climate Justice, Indigenous Voices, and Wikimedia Platforms (2024)]] - speaker: Túllio Morais Franca shows how to integrate mapping tools suchas OpenStreetMap and Mapillary with Wikidata, Commons and Wikipedia. ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://clarity-tool.toolforge.org/ Wiki Clarity Tool]: Clarity Tool is a lightweight web application built to empower editors across Wikipedia, Wikidata, and Wikimedia Commons. It helps contributors identify missing information in articles and suggests structured data from Wikidata to fill those gaps. * [https://ga-kevin-codes.github.io/Suggest-A-Brand/ Name Suggestion Index : Submit a Brand] - A tool that links Wikidata brand items to the [https://github.com/osmlab/name-suggestion-index Name Suggestion Index project on OpenStreetMap]. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editors can now edit String and External ID datatypes directly in the mobile view. To help improve this new interface, Wikimedia Deutschland is looking for volunteers for UX testing sessions. Participants will be compensated for their time. Sign up [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here] (greatquestion) and learn more on the project page: [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14115|‎braille transcription]] (<nowiki>transcription in Braille</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14117|location collected]] (<nowiki>geographic location where a specimen or sample was collected in the field</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14114|Rappels theatrical production ID]], [[:d:Property:P14116|Berlin School ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Siège occupé|Siège occupé]] (<nowiki>{{TranslateThis | fr = siège occupé par une personne au sein d'une académie ou autre société à ''numerus clausus'' }}</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Standard Number|Standard Number]] (<nowiki>A standard serial number</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MusicaPopular.cl ID|MusicaPopular.cl ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JMRC person id (en)|JMRC person id (en)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography ID|Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CAMEO page ID|CAMEO page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TeamNL athlete ID (new)|TeamNL athlete ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/World Flora Online Plant List|World Flora Online Plant List]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/radeberger-stadtgeschichte.de Objekt Identifikator|radeberger-stadtgeschichte.de Objekt Identifikator]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Master Ideographs Seeker Character ID|Master Ideographs Seeker Character ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Flohic ID|Flohic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oricon News person ID|Oricon News person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/radiko person ID|radiko person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Xcity actress ID|Xcity actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TV Drama Database Program ID|TV Drama Database Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek sentences ID|Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek sentences ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek word ID|Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BISMaL taxon ID|BISMaL taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vlaams Woordenboek ID|Vlaams Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kotobank Japanese ID|Kotobank Japanese ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nişanyan Adlar ID|Nişanyan Adlar ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/HkTZ Items with two or more Olympedia people ID] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Wikidata_entries_with_multiple_Olympedia_IDs|source]]) - find duplicate external identifier. ** [https://w.wiki/Hndn Music roll releases with recordings of works performed by composer] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Piano_Rolls/Queries|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Progressive_Metal|WikiProject progressive Metal]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Basque_Cultural_Heritage_and_GLAM|Wikiproject Basque Cultural heritage and GLAM]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/single_sitelink_template_items|'Template' items with only one sitelink]] - per [[d:Wikidata:Notability|Wikidata:Notability]], "''If a link is a template, the item must contain at least two such sitelinks...''" * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|133866932}} - a 2025 thriller film, winner of the Palme d’Or at the 2025 Cannes Film Festival * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: ''' Development ''' * Dumps: We published the [[:File:Wikidata Dumps Discovery Research Report.pdf|report from our research into the user experience with Wikidata's dumps]]. * Mobile editing: We are finalizing the support for quantity, monolingual text, mathematical expression and musical notation statements as well as a first version for coordinate statements. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We have continued our investigation into existing Lua modules in order to find more ways in which we can reduce unwanted entries from Wikidata in Recent changes and watchlists on Wikipedia and co. We found a number of options that we are looking into now. ([[phab:T416822]], [[phab:T416825]], [[phab:T416826]], [[phab:T416827]]) * Wikidata Vector embedding: We added German to the embedding (next to English, French and Arabic) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30044779 --> == Tech News: 2026-07 == <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:27, 9 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:34, 11 February 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30055818 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #719 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-16. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#718]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator#Sjö|Sjö]] - RfP scheduled to end after 17 February 2026 10:02 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/SEEKCommonsBot|SEEKCommonsBot]] - Task: Synchronize Wikidata records created by the [https://seekcommons.org/ SEEKCommons] project with [https://openalex.org/ OpenAlex] * Closed request for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/AmeisenBot_3|AmeisenBot 3]] - Task: Adding descriptions (and possibly labels and aliases as well) to items based on their statements. Request closed as approved. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Che-W-bot|Che-W-bot]] - Request withdrawn. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 17 February, 2026: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, February 17 9am PT / 12pm ET / 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET (Time zone converter). Wikiproject P244 maintenance uses SPARQL queries to identify and resolve two types of constraint violations in Wikidata: instances of Wikidata items with more than one LCNAF identifier and instances of the same LCNAF identifier existing on more than one Wikidata item. The February 17th session will walk participants through how to resolve the former issue, while the March 3rd session will focus on the latter. Event page: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/LCNAF Duplicate Detection P244 Maintenance|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/LCNAF_Duplicate_Detection_P244_Maintenance]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists, why thematic engagement matters]: WMNZ/Aotearoa on how sustained outreach with botanists via Wikidata workshops, edit-a-thons, and conferences is improving plant-related knowledge on the Wikimedia projects and building strong collaborative relationships with scientific communities. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/09/tech-news-2026-week-07/ Tech News Week 7 / Global Watchlists extension]: now supports multiple Wikibase instance (i.e. Wikidata + Test Wikidata) and fixes right-to-left (RTL) text directionality issues. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/13/the-spark-of-linked-data-and-libraries-oclc-passage-project-white-paper-translation-report/ The Spark of Linked Data and Libraries: OCLC Passage Project White Paper Translation Report] * Papers: [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400579586_Federating_Open_Knowledge_through_Wikibase_The_Case_of_The_Finno-Ugric_Data_Sharing_Space Federating Open Knowledge through Wikibase: the case of the Finno-Ugric data sharing space]: Antal et al. (2026) present a community-driven, federated prototype to link multilingual cultural heritage data, open ontologies and preserve local epistemologies. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtoM-0IhKnY How to Unlock Knowledge Graph Data for LLMs with AI Retrieval] - [[d:User:Philippe_Saade_(WMDE)|User:Philippe Saade (WMDE)]], AI/ML Project Manager talks to Chad Jennings of ''Beyond the Blueprints'' (IBM Product Hub) on making Wikidata more accessible for AI developers, replacing SPARQL-heavy workflows with vector search and hybrid retrieval. ** (French) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Nn7w6Vi3M8 Créer une carte uMap à partir de données géolocalisées extraites de Wikidata] - video presentation of 2026 Digital Encounters ''"Mapping territorial data in uMap"'' ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wf6TFcnvGno Africa Wiki Women 2026 On Wiki Skills Mentorship Program - Introduction to Wikidata] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PIVVpJh1seA Africa Wiki Women 2026 On Wiki Skills Mentorship Program - Major and Minor edits on Wikidata] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9TVFPpSNRYI EMCO Wikidata CoP meeting (2026-01-28)] - participants discuss progress on the ''early adopter'' phase, incl. how to categorise and track contributions, what statistics to measure and progress on MCO application profiles (persons + corporate bodies) ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://queer-memory.toolforge.org/ Queer Memory] multilingual web app that explores '''global queer history''' through live Wikidata timelines, places, rights, culture, and activism. Currently available in English, French, and Spanish. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CMYID3FRNL7OKUNEH3O3OTGT6UQSQN3X/ Etherpad cleanup, save your pads now]. All pads after 1st March 2026 willbe deleted so if you need any of your pads, please make a local backup. * [https://doc.wikimedia.org/Wikibase/master/js/rest-api/ The Wikibase REST API] '''search''' endpoints are now available on '''v1''' and considered stable! It's important to note that the older v0, which has been live on Wikidata since July 2025, will remain available for a '''two month transition period''' until mid-April 2026. We encourage all users to migrate to the new v1 endpoints during this time to ensure that their applications can continue to work seamlessly. * The [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|February 2026 newsletter]]. It includes result of an initial evaluation of open-source triple store candidates as part of the migration away from Blazegraph, the next Blazegraph migration office hour, and more. To have new issues of the WDP '''monthly''' newsletter delivered to your user talk page, {{#tag:span| [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|Subscribe to WDP newsletter!]] | style=background-color:#E7F527; border-radius:3px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold;}} ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14122|category for music in this language]] (<nowiki>link to category item that contains music in this language</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14118|‎DOAB book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14119|‎qamus.inoor.ir root ID]], [[:d:Property:P14120|‎The Session tune ID]], [[:d:Property:P14121|Parfumo fragrance note ID]], [[:d:Property:P14123|‎KaraokeTexty.cz album ID]], [[:d:Property:P14124|Biographical encyclopedia of Maros County]], [[:d:Property:P14125|Alpine Linux Wiki article]], [[:d:Property:P14126|‎Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14127|Igromania author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14128|French Trade Mark Number]], [[:d:Property:P14129|‎Bane NOR location code]], [[:d:Property:P14130|‎CardCow.com publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14131|‎Lost Pubs Project ID]], [[:d:Property:P14132|Handball Base ID]], [[:d:Property:P14133|Handballnews.pl person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14134|Center for Jewish History person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14135|African Scientists Directory ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Number of translations|Number of translations]] (<nowiki>Number of translations</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Panoramax instance URL|Panoramax instance URL]] (<nowiki>the Panoramax instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID|Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bach digital person ID|Bach digital person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bach digital work ID|Bach digital work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/YList ID|YList ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificativo Antenati|identificativo Antenati]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pesistulokset.fi player ID|Pesistulokset.fi player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Liiga.fi player ID|Liiga.fi player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd producer ID|Letterboxd producer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Topplista artist ID|Topplista artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple Music Classical work ID|Apple Music Classical work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace brands ID|Fragplace brands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace fragrances ID|Fragplace fragrances ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace notes ID|Fragplace notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace perfumers ID|Fragplace perfumers ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sport Express person ID|Sport Express person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ciss.org sportsperson ID (deaf sport)|ciss.org sportsperson ID (deaf sport)]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Learned Societies|Learned Societies]] * WikiProject Highlights: a discussion regarding [[d:Wikidata talk:WikiProject Learned Societies#Members of learned societies: too many conflicting data models|how to standardise the data model of the membership of learned societies]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|3324704}} - French radio program and audio podcast * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3941|collection (L3941)]] - English noun (kəˈlɛkʃən) meaning "a group of gathered items", "money gathered for charity/church", or "the act of acquiring" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We are putting finishing touches on editing support for external ID, URL, monolingual text, quantities and coordinate statements. ** We worked on visually highlighting preferred and deprecated statements on the mobile site similar to how it is done on desktop. ** We worked on showing more than one constraint violation when a statement violates multiple constraints. * Ontology Federation: We continued working allowing other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata Items in their statements (and later from other Wikibase instances). You can see a demo video of the current development state at [[:File:Federation Demo.webm|ontology federation demo]]. * GraphQL: We worked on documentation to get get the GraphQL endpoint ready for a first release. * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team published their report of the evaluation of Blazegraph alternatives. You can read it at [[:File:WDQS Triple Store Evaluation - Benchmark Results Report.pdf]]. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:27, 16 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30053912 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:45, 16 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Tech News: 2026-08 == <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:14, 16 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == ''The Signpost'': 17 February 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/In the media|Global powers see Wikipedia as fundamental target for manipulation]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/News and notes|Discussions open for the next WMF Annual Plan]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Serendipity|Maintenance crews continue to slog through Wikipedia's oldest Featured Articles]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Disinformation report|Epstein's obsessions]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Technology report|Wikidata Graph Split and how we address major challenges]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Traffic report|Deaths, killings, films, and the Olympics]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Opinion|Incoming Incurables]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Crossword|Pop quiz]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Comix|herculean]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 08:03, 17 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30039447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:43, 23 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #720 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-23. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#719]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Jan Myšák|Jan Myšák]] - RfP scheduled to end after 28 February 2026 11:11 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator#Sjö|Sjö]] - Closed as successful, congratulations [[d:User:Sjö|User:Sjö]]. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|Notability policy reform]]: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform#Round_2:_Context|Round 2]], where policy is suggested based on round 1 discussions. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[DiffBlog:https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/17/apply-now-scholarships-for-the-language-diversity-conference-2026-deadline-13-march-2026/|Apply Now: Scholarships for the Language Diversity Conference 2026]] - scholarship application deadline: 13 March 2026 / Conference dates: 2 - 4 October 2026 in Accra, Ghana. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform#Round_2:_Context|Office Hour: Notability Policy]] - February 26th 2026 at 5PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1772125200 your timezone]). ** (Catalan) [[m:Event:No_eren_bruixes,_eren_dones_d'Andorra|They were not witches, they were women from Andorra]] - a Wikimarathon for Witches edit-a-thon to make biographies of Andorran women accused of witchcraft more visible on Wikidata and Wikipedia. Sign-up on [[m:Event:No_eren_bruixes,_eren_dones_d'Andorra|Meta]]: 09:30 – 12:30 UTC, 7 March 2026. *Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject India/Events/International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] - February 21, 2026 – March 3, 2026 ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://stackoverflow.blog/2026/02/20/even-genai-uses-wikipedia-as-a-source/ Stack Overflow: Even GenAI uses Wikipedia (+Wikidata) as a source] - transcript of the podcast audio between Ryan Donovan and Philippe Saade, on the Wikidata Embedding Project and vectorizing 30 million entities for semantic search. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/21/revitalizing-uk-history-series-2-expanding-multilingual-access-on-wikidata/ Diff Blog: Revitalizing UK History, Series 2: Expanding Multilingual Access on Wikidata] - [[d:User:JosefAnthony|Josef Anthony]] describes the projects efforts in documenting underrepresented UK historical figures in multiple languages. ** [[diffblog:https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/20/into-the-spotlight-sharing-archival-objects-through-wikimedia-commons/|Diff blog: Into the Spotlight: Sharing Archival Objects through Wikimedia Commons]] by [[c:User:LadyRabbit|User:LadyRabbit]]. Experience documenting Ellen Winstone, a historical figure, non-notability on Wikipedia doesn't mean they are not worth documenting. Wikidata and Commons can help. * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/html/2602.14594v1 The Wikidata Query Logs Dataset (WDQL)] - presenting a dataset of 200,000 question-query pairs intended to help train Natural Language questions into SPARQL. By S. Walter, H. Bast (2026). * Videos: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dY-Vz-TS1X0 3rd Wikidata Training] of the On Wiki Skill Mentorship Program by Africa Wiki Women. Dives deeper into the core data modelling concepts, Wikidata-speciifc terminology and practical editing tips for beginners. Led by [[d:User:King_ChristLike|User:King ChristLike]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://dagbanli.info/ Dagbanli dictionary] - a monolingual Dagbanli dictionary built using Wikidata lexemes, with 20000 native audio recordings as usage examples pulled from Mozilla Common Voice. This means when you look up a word, you can hear it spoken in example sentences. See this in action here: [https://dagbanli.info/?word=L722895 suɣulo] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[wikimania:2026:Program|Wikimania:2026]] - The call for submissions for the program is open until March 1, 2026. * [https://www.opensanctions.org/articles/2026-02-18-every-politician/ OpenSanctions: As the CIA closes The World Factbook, we’re opening our global map of political power] - introduces [https://everypolitician.org/ EveryPolitician.org], a global database of 690,000+ political office-holders across the globe. PoliLoom, GovDirectory, a dedicated [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_every_politician|WikiProject]] and the Wikidata community are helping make structured data on politicians transparent. Learn how you can [https://everypolitician.org/about/contribute/ contribute]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14143|annual greenhouse gas emissions]] (<nowiki>carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by this entity in a year</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14136|RFI topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14137|‎Delfi.lv theme ID]], [[:d:Property:P14138|SFDb original ID]], [[:d:Property:P14139|Artdoc.Media film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14140|‎Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 practice ID]], [[:d:Property:P14141|‎Walloon-French dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14142|Bolivia INE code]], [[:d:Property:P14144|Russian Register of Film Distribution Certificates ID]], [[:d:Property:P14145|‎Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Property:P14146|‎Woordenboek van Nieuwe Woorden ID]], [[:d:Property:P14147|‎Woordcombinaties ID]], [[:d:Property:P14148|‎Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14149|Uzbek-Russian dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14150|‎JMRC person id (he)]], [[:d:Property:P14151|Catalunya Romànica ID]], [[:d:Property:P14152|‎IEC 61355 identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14153|Yandex Object Answer id]], [[:d:Property:P14154|Michaelis Portuguese-English Modern Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14155|Michaelis English-Portuguese Modern Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14156|Uni24k indentifier]], [[:d:Property:P14157|The Retro Web company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14158|Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID]], [[:d:Property:P14159|‎Gravestone Project Cemetery ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CWSAC classification|CWSAC classification]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IBAN countries|IBAN countries]] (<nowiki>The country which the bank with this property may create accounts in. For example "MyBank" can create bank accounts in "France" with the prefix "FR". Some banks have a single country they may create accounts in and other have many.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kloekecode|Kloekecode]] (<nowiki>identifier for locations in the Netherlands, Flanders, French Flanders, and north-western Germany</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ICAO 24-bit aircraft address|ICAO 24-bit aircraft address]] (<nowiki>Unique 24-bit ICAO aircraft address assigned to an individual aircraft’s Mode S transponder, expressed as a six-character hexadecimal code and used in ADS-B and air traffic surveillance systems.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Faulhaber-Edition ID|Faulhaber-Edition ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OldRacingCars.com drivers ID|OldRacingCars.com drivers ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID Prix de Lausanne|ID Prix de Lausanne]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Spellingwijzer Onze Taal ID|Spellingwijzer Onze Taal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Uitleenwoordenbank ID|Uitleenwoordenbank ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EpiMedDat ID|EpiMedDat ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/REVENCYT code|REVENCYT code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/X Games athlete ID (new)|X Games athlete ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pinkhof ID|Pinkhof ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scheikunde ID|Scheikunde ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JWS II ID|JWS II ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Buitenlandse aardrijkskundige namen in het Nederlands ID|Buitenlandse aardrijkskundige namen in het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeeringDB Facility ID|PeeringDB Facility ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBNL place ID|DBNL place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBNL country ID|DBNL country ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBNL titel ID|DBNL titel ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Movist person ID|Movist person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/HvHp Property table for a set of Wikidata items] (the Memory of the World International Register) ** [https://w.wiki/Hxec People with PolSys ID<small> (P1980)</small>, and with or without Norwegian historical register of persons ID <small>(P4574)</small>] - ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Request_a_query&oldid=2465925132#A_list_of_person_having_Pol-sys_ID_and_HistReg_ID source]) * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E502|federally recognized tribe (E502)]]: required and optional properties for items representing federally recognized Native American tribes in the United States. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ski|Ski]] - The goal of WikiProject Ski is to improve items about athletes, events and results from the different skiiing and snowboarding disciplines. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Nonprofit_Organizations/South_Africa|Nonprofit Orgs: South Africa]] - aims to add financial data to the biggest nonprofits * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Pages|Ontology: List of Ontology Pages]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Sociotechnology/Resources|Sociotechnology: Resources]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Chantiers_MNBAQ|Chantiers MNBAQ]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|India: International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L179567|чурка (L179567)]] - Russian noun (ˈtɕurkə) meaning "a wooden block or stump", "a short piece of wood used in games", or "an offensive term for a person"[[d:Lexeme:L179567|чурка (L179567)]] - Russian noun (ˈtɕurkə) meaning "a wooden block or stump", "a short piece of wood used in games", or "an offensive term for a person" ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are preparing to reach out to editors about improving specific templates that are written in a way that creates a lot of unnecessary entries in Recent Changes and Watchlists. * Mobile statement editing: We are getting close to having editing support for all datatypes. We are currently still working on the support for globe coordinates. We also added support for showing constraint violations on qualifiers and references. * Data quality: We are doing technical investigations about how to make constraint violations available for querying again. * GraphQL: We are getting ready to make GraphQL available on Wikidata later this week. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Spain|Spain]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:51, 23 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30119106 --> == Tech News: 2026-09 == <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 23 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would "not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland". It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 2 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #721 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-02. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#720]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Jan_My%C5%A1%C3%A1k|Jan Myšák]]: Closed as successful, congratulations to Wikidata's newest admin! * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform|Notability Policy - Round 2]]: we are still requesting your input on the new Notablity policy. Including whether to elevate the [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform#Round_2:_Make_Wikidata:Self-promotion_a_policy|self-promotion essay]] to a policy. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 3 March, 2026: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, March 3 9am PT / 12pm ET / 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET (Time zone converter). Wikiproject P244 maintenance uses SPARQL queries to identify and resolve two types of constraint violations in Wikidata: instances of Wikidata items with more than one LCNAF identifier and instances of the same LCNAF identifier existing on more than one Wikidata item. The February 17th session walked participants through how to resolve the former issue, while the March 3rd session will focus on the latter. This session will be more discussion-focused, since instances where two LCNAF identifier have the same Wikidata item can be difficult to resolve because of Wikidata’s innate quirks. Maybe your ideas will become the official best practice! Event page: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/LCNAF Duplicate Detection P244 Maintenance|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/LCNAF_Duplicate_Detection_P244_Maintenance]] ** [https://hermes-hub.de/aktuelles/news/save-the-date-byodl-2026-04-24.html Bring-Your-Own-Data-Lab], on 24.04.2026, the HERMES Data Competence centre hosts an online BYODL. Dr. Katrin Moeller and Dr. Olaf Simons will share how to enrich your own personal data with standard data and the Wikibase FactGrid. Click the link for registration and more information. ** Wikidata Workshop w/ Wikipedia Riba Aruba + University of Aruba Research Center (UARC), March 2, 12 - 2pm GMT-4. [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScQMobUMNF7TzQIS0yQAaODqIAlQ-5PMoESx_VAq_MIgYtUGQ/viewform Click here to register.] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.museodelprado.es/actualidad/noticia/el-museo-del-prado-y-wikimedia-espaa-consolidan-a/bb297f99-9445-68c8-250f-f2aa2765792a The Museo del Prado and Wikimedia Spain consolidate Wikidata as the connector axis of digital cultural heritage] - gathering of the second edition of ''Connected Heritage: Wikidata in the GLAM Ecosystem'' ** (Dutch) [https://www.wikimedia.nl/actueel/blog/wikipielen-informele-wiki-hackathon-voor-de-glam-sector/ Wikipielen: an informal mini-hackathon for the GLAM sector], Olaf Janssen (WM coordinator at National Library of Netherlands) on the 10th edition of this micro-hackathon for people in cultural and heritage sector interested in Wikidata, Wikibase, SPARQL, OpenRefine and other technical skills. ** [https://medium.com/@michalmigurski/weeknotes-2026w04-boundary-issues-f037407a7f45 Boundary Issues]—Michal Migurski on representing disputed boundaries using Wikidata and OpenStreetMap. * Papers: ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.471 From Websites to Wikidata: Digitising Scotland’s Stories] by Ross ''et al.'' (2026) ** [https://doi.org/10.1145/3795134 ''Entity Linking with Wikidata: A Systematic Literature Review''] ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2602.19133v1 ''A Dataset for Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extraction from Art-historical Image Descriptions''] by Schneider ''et al.'' (2026)., introduces FRAME for extracting art-historical entities and relationships from texts, enabling automatic linking of artworks, artists, and related metadata via Wikidata. ** [https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1247&context=jcas Review of Ethics in Linked Data] by Rebecca Fried. * Videos: ** (Swedish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjJHbF2aDCc Fotbollsspelare Wikipedia / Wikidata] - using QuickStatements to add P54 (member of sports team) to football players ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-hYIdzJLeg Jukun Wikipedia Outreach], day 2 took attendees through adding interwiki links, Wikidata essentials and adding {{Databox}} to Jukun Wiki articles. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgRWBAvoea0 Set-up Tutorial: Language Preferences and Gadgets on Wikidata], the International [Digital] Dura-Europos Archive (IDEA) takes us through enabling gadgets and setting your preferred languages (Babel). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://mapsofthe.world/stadiums Maps Of the World / Stadiums] - explore the stadiums of the world (at least the ones with Wikidata Items), mapped by SPARQL. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14164|SignWriting transcription]] (<nowiki>representation in SignWriting</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14160|Microsoft Store developer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14161|Apple Music Classical work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14162|‎SIK-ISEA group ID]], [[:d:Property:P14163|‎CHZZK streamer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review:: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Objectif plumes|Objectif plumes]] (<nowiki>Database managed by the General Service for Literature and Books, a department of the Cultural Administration of the Wallonia-Brussels Federation (basically the Ministry of Culture for the French-speaking part of Belgium). The database currently includes entries on books by more than 8.000 Belgian writers.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/usual forename|usual forename]] (<nowiki>A name usually derived from a given name used to address a person in everyday life.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/apportionment diagram|apportionment diagram]] (<nowiki>image that displays the representation of seats won by party in an election to an assembly</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LibriVox reader ID|LibriVox reader ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/All Skies Encyclopaedia ID|All Skies Encyclopaedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCUE academy ID|KCUE academy ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catálogo de autoridades da BUSC|Catálogo de autoridades da BUSC]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISSN-H|ISSN-H]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hong Kong Cinema title ID|Hong Kong Cinema title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NPPM ID|NPPM ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parlement.com ID|Parlement.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kokugakuin University god name database ID|Kokugakuin University god name database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Czech National Register of Health Service Providers ID|Czech National Register of Health Service Providers ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Génération Nintendo game ID developer ID|Génération Nintendo game ID developer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Génération Nintendo game ID publisher ID|Génération Nintendo game ID publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/wikiru.jp wiki ID|wikiru.jp wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tribuna.com football players ID|Tribuna.com football players ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SnokaDB|SnokaDB]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/abadis.ir Persian word ID|abadis.ir Persian word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AIK soccer player ID|AIK soccer player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BOIShistory|BOIShistory]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/HygX Works in Scottish museums by female artists, lacking an English Wikipedia article] ([[:d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/collections|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/J5hv Graph of Moominworld] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q1774}} - semi-autonomous part of Tanzania * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L14515|snap (L14515)]] - English verb (snæp) meaning "to break suddenly", "to lose control emotionally", or "to take a photograph" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We worked on removing the constraint violations indicator from a statement after an edit that fixed it. ** We are fixing bugs uncovered in testing, such as [[phab:T218477]], [[phab:T418104]], [[phab:T417861]] and [[phab:T417647]]. * GraphQL: We are getting ready to launch the first version later this week, including preparing the documentation for how to use it. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 2 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30129341 --> == Tech News: 2026-10 == <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:48, 2 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == This Month in Education: February 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 11:55, 3 March 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30155806 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:31, 9 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikidata weekly summary 722 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-09. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#721]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/DifoolBot 8|DifoolBot 8]] - Task: Remove Wikipedia import references from statements where the referenced article has since been deleted. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://wikidataworkshop.github.io/2026/ The 6th Wikidata Workshop] has been announced for ISWC 2026. If you are interested in joining the wWorkshop for the scientific Wikidata community, contact: 6th-wikidata-workshop@googlegroups.com ** [https://events.ucf.edu/event/4071752/open-scholarly-profiles-with-wikidata/ Open Scholarly Profiles with Wikidata] - April 22, 2026, 13:00 - 14:30, at the University of Central Florida. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/08/becoming-a-trainer-assistant-at-wikilatih-wikidata-brin-a-journey-of-sharing-knowledge Diff blog: Becoming a Trainer Assistant at Wikilatih Wikidata BRIN: A Journey of Sharing Knowledge] by Affandy Murad ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/06/why-dagbanli-needs-a-dictionary-and-how-we-built-one-with-wikidata/ Diff blog: Why Dagbanli Needs a Dictionary (And How We Built One with Wikidata)] - by [[User:Masssly]] * Papers: [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Scholia_2026_Compliance_with_SPARQL_1.1.pdf Scholia 2026: Compliance with SPARQL 1.1], to be presented at [https://www.swat4ls.org/ SWAT4HCLS 2026] * Videos: ** (Swedish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvaPqzO2cWQ Mix'n'Match IFKDB] / [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7b9LR79y5U Mix'n'Match DIF Historia] - Magnus Sälgö ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpA19w3jM40 Introducción a Wikidata], Dinah M. W.Fraites and Dr. Claudia De Souza give a comprehensive tour and introduciotn of Wikidata for the ''Centro para la Excelencia Académica'' ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuYkCUiP1wk Accessibility and Gen AI - Ep 15 w/ Denny Vrandečić (Head of Special Projects at Wikimedia Foundation)] - a conversation about Abstract Wikipedia, the relationship between Wikimedia, Wikipedia and other Projects and how the Foundation will adopt and adapt to emergent technologies such as LLM's. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGZqljvsoow Epigraphic Object Encoding] - Session 7 of the SunoikisisDC ''Digital Approaches to Cultural Heritage''. Experiences encoding epigraphic data into Wikidata starts at 58:27. ** (Arabic) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4F_n4xgUgKg Arabic Wikidata Days 2025: Adding Wikidata to include Arabic Content (example: Hijri Calendar)], Saeed Hubaishan presents a practical example of adapting Wikibase to enable adding new data types that haven't previously been modelled, such as dates in the Hijri Calendar. ** Wikimania 2025 - Unpopular Opinions: Bold Lightning Talks to Shake Up Wikimedia: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cB76LpwRYYI&t=2080s Moving Categories to Wikidata ((Ad Huikeshoven))] / [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cB76LpwRYYI&t=2080s Introducing Wiki AI (Sam Klein)] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fELZCm-plHo Unlocking Government Data for Wikidata: Stories, Impacts & Open Dialogue] from Wikimania 2025. Panelists: Butch Bustria, James M. Heilman (Doc James), Jan Ainali, Vanj Padilla, Wisdom Ferrer, Seddon explore how the reuse of public domain & government datasets enriches Wikidata & bolsters public engagement with Wikimedia projects.[[c:File:Unlocking_Government_Data_for_Wikidata._Stories,_Impacts,_and_Open_Dialogue_-_Wikimania_2025_Nairobi.pdf|Slides]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://codeberg.org/2Go/Data2Go Data2Go] : An iOS app for browsing and editing Wikidata with a mobile-first UI. It combines fast search, rich item detail views, statement editing, map previews, media galleries, and account-based write access to Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikidata now has a GraphQL API! [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL|Read more about it and try it out]] or sign up for the [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply usability tests]. * The WMF is in the process of rolling out new global API rate limits. This will also affect Wikidata. For more details see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14165|ICAO 24-bit aircraft address]], [[:d:Property:P14166|BISMaL taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14167|Xcity actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14168|All Skies Encyclopaedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14169|Power Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14170|Kvinnehistorie.no persons ID]], [[:d:Property:P14171|Mastercaller player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14172|dartn.de player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14173|darts1.de player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14174|pdpa.co.uk player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14175|‎People's Graphic Design Archive creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P14176|HKCinema film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14177|Medvik ID]], [[:d:Property:P14178|Obálky knih ID]], [[:d:Property:P14179|MusicaPopular.cl ID]], [[:d:Property:P14180|CAMEO page ID]], [[:d:Property:P14181|ciss.org sportsperson ID (deaf sport)]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle length|maximum vehicle length]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized length for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Peer-review propertiy for journals or publications|Peer-review propertiy for journals or publications]] (<nowiki>{{TranslateThis | de = <!-- Beschreibung auf Deutsch --> <!-- | xx = Beschreibungen in anderen Sprachen --> }}Scholarly journals or publications should have a property "peer review process" indicating which peer review process (if any) is applied for the publication.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle width|maximum vehicle width]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized width for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle weight|maximum vehicle weight]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized weight (tonnage / gross vehicle weight) for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (load limit)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regional conservation status|regional conservation status]] (<nowiki>conservation status of species in national or regional Red List publications that follow the IUCN red list criteria</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LINE official account ID|LINE official account ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kulturbase.no ID|Kulturbase.no ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CROWCASS file number|CROWCASS file number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Integbio Database Catalog ID|Integbio Database Catalog ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/norsk fangeregister historie ID|norsk fangeregister historie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Census of Italian Architecture since 1945|Census of Italian Architecture since 1945]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TMDB award ID|TMDB award ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SocioMap ID|SocioMap ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AVefi ID|AVefi ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NSK new ID|NSK new ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Atlas of Endangered Alphabets ID|Atlas of Endangered Alphabets ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/J7cr Property count of characters in Tolkien's Universe] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Query_to_list_properties_and_their_counts|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/JFy7 Data about Norwegians in captivity during WWII (using ''Norwegian prisoner register person ID'' (P8269) + others] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#A_list_of_persons_in_Fanger.no|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Beer|WikiProject Beer]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q733738}} - international airport serving Melbourne, Australia * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1154759|sampaa (L1154759)]] - Dagbanli noun that translates to a hut within a compound to provide shelter for people during the warm season. ''' Development ''' * GraphQL: We have released the first version of this new API. [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL|You can read more about it and try it out]]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We have worked with editors to improve some highly-used modules that access Wikidata in a suboptimal way. They have been adjusted to lead to less unneeded change notification in people's watchlists and recent changes on Wikipedia and co. * Mobile statement editing: We fixed an issue where certain Properties were not accessible in the new mobile UI. We are also working on fixing a bug with saving musical notation statements. We are continuing the work on supporting editing of geocoordinates. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory|agencies for the environment and nature conservation]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:51, 9 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30163237 --> == Tech News: 2026-11 == <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:50, 9 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == ''The Signpost'': 10 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Interview|Bernadette Meehan, new Wikimedia Foundation CEO]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/News and notes|Security testing unleashes computer worm on Meta-wiki]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Special report|What actually happened during the Wikimedia security incident?]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In the media|Indonesian government blocks Wikimedia logins; archive site scoured from Wikipedia after owner runs malware]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Recent research|To wiki, perchance to groki]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Obituary|Madhav Gadgil, Fredrick Brennan, Mark Miller, Chip Berlet]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Opinion|Interface administrators and trusting trust]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Technology report|English Wikipedia deprecates archive.today after DDoS against blog, altered content]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Op-ed|Why is "Trypsin-sensitive photosynthetic activities in chloroplast membranes" cited in "List of tallest buildings in Chicago"?]] * Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Essay|The pursuit of a button click]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In focus|Short descriptions: One year later]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/WikiProject report|Unreferenced articles backlog drive]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Community view|Speaking of planning ...]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Traffic report|Over the mountain, kissing silver inlaid clouds]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Crossword|"It will never happen"]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Comix|BRIEn't]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 04:14, 10 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30121359 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion & a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:52, 12 March 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30232291 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #723 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-16. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#722]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://almedaresearch.org/ The African Literary Metadata (ALMEDA) project] - The ALMEDA project’s key outcome is a linked, open, and searchable metadata repository—built from extensive cataloguing of previously uncatalogued materials and enriched through a user-friendly interface launching in 2025, designed to support ongoing growth beyond the project’s initial five-year funding. ** https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/13/structuring-dagbanli-on-wikidata-lexemes-senses-and-the-digraph-challenge/ * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11767 Understanding Wikidata Qualifiers: An Analysis and Taxonomy] - This study develops a refined taxonomy of Wikidata qualifiers—based on their semantics, frequency, and diversity—to help contributors select appropriate qualifiers, improve querying and inference, and enhance knowledge graph design, ultimately offering a structured framework that covers the most important qualifiers and supports better recommendation systems. By Falquet & Aljalbout (2026). * Videos: [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZQ67TzUJdM&pp=iggCQAE%3D LIVE Wikidata editing #118 at the Open Data Day] - Wikipedia Weekly Network: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=KI936x_IBT0&pp=iggCQAE%3D Introduction to editing Wikidata on mobile] - Art + Feminism in Wikimedia Botswana ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=f1XtOtLzYDM&pp=iggCQAE%3D Queer women in the Arts (English): A panel discussion and Wikidata workshop] * Podcasts: [https://wikipediapodden.se/wikidata-notability-reform-356/ Wikipediapodden interviews Lydia Pintscher about the ongoing Wikidata notability reform] (also available on [[c:File:WP356 - Wikidata notability reform.mp3|Commons]]) * Notebooks: [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/who-gets-a-biography-on-french-language-wikipedia Who gets a biography on French-language Wikipedia?] A country-by-country portrait of biographical coverage for people born between 1950 and 2000. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/altilunium/wdquery Wdquery] : [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Wikibase_GraphQL GraphQL-powered] Wikidata item advanced search. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * https://casier-politique.fr * [https://www.fornland.com Fornland]—aggregates over a million cultural heritage sites from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland into one interface, combining Wikidata and other sources . * [[m:Coolest Tool Award]] *The [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|March 2026 newsletter]]. To have new issues of the WDP '''monthly''' newsletter delivered to your user talk page, {{#tag:span| [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|Subscribe to WDP newsletter!]] | style=background-color:#E7F527; border-radius:3px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold;}} * Reminder that the 4 week grace period for switching to the v1 route for the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/Wikibase/master/js/rest-api/#/item%20search Wikibase REST API search endpoints] will end this week. The v0 route will be turned off and hence will no longer function. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14182|river regime]] (<nowiki>predominant pattern of annual changes to a stream's discharge at a particular period</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14186|seat occupied]] (<nowiki>seat held by a person within an academy or other society</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14183|Génération Nintendo publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14184|KCI article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14185|‎LINCS ID]], [[:d:Property:P14187|radeberger-stadtgeschichte.de Object Identificator]], [[:d:Property:P14188|Flohic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14189|‎Vlaams Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Property:P14191|‎Bach digital person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14192|‎Bach digital work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14193|Identificativo Antenati]], [[:d:Property:P14194|‎Liiga.fi player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14195|‎Pesistulokset.fi player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14196|‎Letterboxd producer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14197|Fragplace brands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14198|Fragplace fragrances ID]], [[:d:Property:P14199|Fragplace notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14200|Fragplace perfumers ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/population pyramid|population pyramid]] (<nowiki>Age pyramid image for demography articles</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/StatsF1 ID|StatsF1 ID]] (<nowiki>Link to a Formula 1 specific database</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle height|maximum vehicle height]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized height for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (regulatory limit from signage)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bibliografi.dk|Bibliografi.dk]] (<nowiki>Bibliografi.dk</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeerTube instance URL|PeerTube instance URL]] (<nowiki>the PeerTube instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Central Registration Number (Indonesia)|Central Registration Number (Indonesia)]] (<nowiki>primary service registration number assigned to a member of the Indonesian Armed Forces or Indonesian National Police</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital Public Good|Digital Public Good]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LUBW-RIPS-Wasserkraftanlage-ID|LUBW-RIPS-Wasserkraftanlage-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant QueenBallers.com d'une joueuse|Identifiant QueenBallers.com d'une joueuse]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foto Atlas taxonomy ID|Foto Atlas taxonomy ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brewver beer ID|Brewver beer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Göteborgsalliansen|Göteborgsalliansen]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Consumer Rights Wiki article ID|Consumer Rights Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Royal Air Force service number|Royal Air Force service number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une personne dans le Bianco|Identifiant d'une personne dans le Bianco]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tajik-Russian Dictionary word ID|Tajik-Russian Dictionary word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AmericanAristocracy person ID|AmericanAristocracy person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AmericanAristocracy house ID|AmericanAristocracy house ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Shinmei database ID|Shinmei database ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q161672}} - Congolese politician and independence leader (1925–1961) ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** If you have not tried it yet, now is an excellent time to turn it on in the beta features section of your preferences, test it and give feedback. ** We have added support for editing globe coordinate statements * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to work on the issue of too many Wikidata in recent changes and watchlists on Wikipedia and co. We are currently prototyping a way to only consider changes that actually have an impact on the article ([[phab:T419823]]). We also finished the work on an emergency switch to turn off sending changes for qualifiers and references to Wikipedia and co in case of major database disruptions ([[phab:T412956]]). * Ontology federation: We are working towards getting the code for ontology federation (in its first version of using Wikidata Items as values on other Wikibase instances) ready for wider testing. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:35, 16 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30228490 --> == Tech News: 2026-12 == <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:33, 16 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:07, 23 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #724 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-23. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#723]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/AraBot|AraBot]] - Tasks: Adding Aragonese sitelinks and updating articles on [[w:an:|Aragonese Wikipedia]] with Wikidata's data. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/InventaireBot|InventaireBot]] - Task: Make automated edits generated by the inventaire.io (Q32193244) server and manual edits on behalf of users without a Wikidata account. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DelintBot|DelintBot]] - Task: Fix [[mw:Help:Lint_errors|lint errors]] on pages across all namespaces where Wikitext can be written (namespaces not managed by Wikibase). * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/archive.today|archive.today]] - due to a [[w:Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5|RfC and policy on enwiki]], this discussion needs your input on whether Wikidata will continue listing archive.today links. * Ongoing request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|Notability policy reform]] is looking for input about remaining questions around marginalized knowledge and external identifiers ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: (German) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thXJ1XAbWJ0 Art History Loves Wiki im Museum Schnütgen, YouTube livestream] – 28 March 2026 (UTC+1): presentations by Lisa Dieckmann at 12.30 - 12.50 (“Bilder verknüpfen – prometheus, Normdaten und Wikidata”), Lucy Patterson & Lukas Fuchsgruber at 16.30 - 16.45 (“Kritische Arbeit mit Sammlungsdaten auf Wikidata”), and Max Kristen at 17.30 - 17.45 (“usefulQueries: Unkompliziert Kunstgeschichte in Wikidata erkunden”). ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[DiffBlog:2026/03/13/structuring-dagbanli-on-wikidata-lexemes-senses-and-the-digraph-challenge|Structuring Dagbanli on Wikidata: Lexemes, Senses, and the Digraph Challenge]] by Masssly and Mohammed Awal Alhassan ** [https://stevehedden.medium.com/open-knowledge-graphs-a-search-engine-for-ontologies-controlled-vocabularies-and-semantic-web-cfcf32a5babe Open Knowledge Graphs: A Search Engine for Ontologies, Controlled Vocabularies, and Semantic Web Tools], by Steve Hedden ** (German) [https://blog.tib.eu/2026/03/16/erinnerungskultur-zum-mitmachen-eine-digitale-landkarte-zum-gestapoterror-in-niedersachsen/ Erinnerungskultur zum Mitmachen: eine digitale Landkarte zum Gestapoterror in Niedersachsen] by Gabriele Fahrenkrog * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11767 Understanding Wikidata Qualifiers: An Analysis and Taxonomy] presents an analysis of Wikidata qualifiers, focusing on semantics and usage, in order to develop a taxonomy to help in selecting appropriate qualifiers, querying the knowledge graph, and making logical inferences. By Gilles Falquet and Sahar Aljalbout (2026). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwzBfV2bg_g Creating a Wikidata item for a Historic Building] - OpenStreetMap for History Buffs gives a practical example of creating a Wikidata Item for a historic Irish building, but you can adapt it for other historical or archeological sites. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XT27D-1JIUo&pp=ygUIV2lraWRhdGE%3D Introduction to Wikidata (Creating items, Statements & References)] - Africa Wiki Women continue their introductory series with trainer, Blessing Timothy. ** (French) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eu0C1gWIgFQ Introduction à Wikidata] is also provided by Africa Wiki Women. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xw5mfJRgFXk Simple steps to edit Wikidata Episode 1(WAMP)] - [[d:User:Dsp13|User:Dsp13]] of the Wiki Afrodemics Project covers a variety of topics to help new editors make meaningful contributions to Wikidata. ** (French) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZxnAI-PrK0 Introduction à la modification de Wikidata sur mobile] - Art+Feminism in partnership with WM Botswana provide a training session for mobile editing (with a focus on women artists, feminist movements and underrepresented cultural contributions). ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1XtOtLzYDM Queer Women in the Arts]: Art+Feminism teamed up with WikiLGBT+ ([[m:Event:Queer_Women_in_Arts|Event page]]) for a panel discussion and Wikidata training centering on Queer Women in the Arts, in honour of International Women's Day. Also available in [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcBCJzH9OUI Spanish] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag5GyE7OtKI Portuguese]. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TXqT2ohfwE Wikidata tools: Pet Scan] - [[d:User:Epìdosis|User:Epìdosis]] introduces this handy tool that allows you to query and generate lists of Wikipedia pages or Wikidata items based on defined criteria such as Categories, Properties, Templates, and others. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hTQF3Mde30 Introduction to Wikidata & Property Dashboard] - ''Essential Wikidata Tools: Automating Your Workflow'' workshop given 13 March 2026. Hosted by Alan Ang, Camillo Pellizari, Pru Mitchell, and Taufik Rosman for the ESEAP community. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://property-helper.toolforge.org Wikidata Property Creation Helper] takes a property proposal page and translates it into a QuickStatements batch (and then a second one for the examples) that a property creator can use to quickly create a new property. By [[User:ArthurPSmith|ArthurPSmith]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * GraphQL API ongoing feedback: If you haven’t tried it yet, you can still explore it as a developer-friendly alternative to select WDQS features. Please Share your feedback on the [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase_GraphQL|project page]], or [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up] for deeper usability testing. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/mass number|mass number]] (<nowiki>total number of baryons in an atomic nucleus</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/soil acidity preference|soil acidity preference]] (<nowiki>soil acidity preference of a plant species or lichen</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diepkloof|Diepkloof]] (<nowiki>Place in Johannesburg, South Africa</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/paid-up capital|paid-up capital]] (<nowiki>portion of a company’s issued share capital that has been paid by shareholders</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review:: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Shinmei database ID|Shinmei database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kulturdenkmal-ID Baden-Württemberg|Kulturdenkmal-ID Baden-Württemberg]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Central Registration Number (Police)|Central Registration Number (Police)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NIP 9-digit|NIP 9-digit]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MeetStadium ID|MeetStadium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/indexxx.com performer ID|indexxx.com performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BGAFD actress ID|BGAFD actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Shellers From the Past ID|Shellers From the Past ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/معرف منشور في قاعدة بيانات معرفة|معرف منشور في قاعدة بيانات معرفة]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/London Book Trades ID|London Book Trades ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCI journal ID|KCI journal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCI publisher ID|KCI publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeerJ person ID|PeerJ person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIORAB–FRANKFURT ID|BIORAB–FRANKFURT ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIORAB–WEIMAR|BIORAB–WEIMAR]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIORAB-KAISERREICH|BIORAB-KAISERREICH]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum perfume ingredient ID|Wikiparfum perfume ingredient ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum perfumer ID|Wikiparfum perfumer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LAGL|WikiProject LAGL]] (Linked Ancient and Greek Latin) has been established to develop guidelines for adding statements for ancient authors. * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IDEA/Oral_Histories|WikiProject IDEA: Oral Histories]] - <small>''International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (IDEA)''</small> added a subpage for resources, guidelines and progress for adding oral history Items and Statements. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q3339328}} - worship of water oracles and associated cultural traditions among the Sawa ''' Development ''' * Infrastructure sustainability: We started working with a contractor to look at Wikidata's data storage to find opportunities for improving it. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing the work on a prototype to compare a wiki page before and after it has been parsed to see if this is a feasible way to reduce the number of Wikidata changes in recent changes and watchlist that do not affect the article ([[phab:T419823]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:59, 23 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30228490 --> == Tech News: 2026-13 == <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:48, 23 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:37, 30 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #725 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-30. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#724]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Thetalentone|Thetalentone]] - Tasks: Adding and updating references, qualifiers, publication dates, and provenance on my own personal and company items ([[Q138324775]] and [[Q138324581]]) to improve entity confidence for Google Knowledge Graph. Small batches only, no edits to unrelated items. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Dušan Kreheľ (bot)|Dušan Kreheľ]] - Task: Sitelinks existing and newly created municipality pages on hrwiki and Wikidata. * New request for comments: [[Wikidata:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy]] has a new proposal incorporating feedback and is awaiting votes. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1775664000 18:00 CEST], 08th April 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[m:Event:Wiki_Mentor_Africa_-_Women_Tech_Summit_(WMA-WTS)/en|Wiki Mentor Africa - Women Tech Summit]] takes place until 20:00 CET, 30 May 2026. ** "Wikidata in der Sammlungserschließung" (free online event in German on how GLAM institutions can use Wikidata, 20 April 2026, 10-11:30 CET, organized by [[d:Q51845259| Research and Competence Centre Digitalisation Berlin (Q51845259)]]. More info and registration [https://www.digis-berlin.de/workshop-wikidata-fuer-die-sammlungserschliessung-am-20-04/ here]. ** '''Wikidata Ontology Course''': The second offering of the Wikidata ontology course will be given in May and June 2026, with sessions 1-3 pm EDT (UTC-4) on Thursdays. The Wikidata ontology provides structure and organization for the rest of Wikidata and is thus fundamental to Wikidata. The course starts with the basic notions underlying the Wikidata ontology and goes on to cover querying using SPARQL, inference, constraints, advanced ontology notions, problems with the ontology, and other ontology-related aspects of Wikidata. Participants in the course are expected to complete weekly exercise sets and a project. More information on the course can be found at [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course|WikiProject Ontology/Ontology Course]]. To register for this offering fill in and submit the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdlZ0r69Mkkfa_SWSdQPMNdVMKnae7-sIOyPuANVjFI4FRq0w/viewform Google form]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.opensanctions.org/articles/2026-03-24-poliloom/ Wikidata contains many gaps in its political data. We’ve built a tool to change that (PoliLoom)] ** [https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/from-summer-school-idea-eswc-paper-teaching-ai-repair-wikidata-zxxaf/ From a summer school idea to an ESWC paper: Teaching AI to “repair” Wikidata] * Papers: **[https://rubensworks.github.io/article-did-llms-kill-sparql-federation/ Did AI Crawlers Kill SPARQL Federation?], including Wikidata examples ** [https://www.emerald.com/dlp/article/doi/10.1108/DLP-11-2025-0265/1352756/Gender-and-intersectional-bias-in-featured Gender and intersectional bias in featured biographies on the front page of the Italian edition of Wikipedia, 2014–2024 Open Access] - Wikidata featured heavily in the design and methodology. By Rovira et al., (2026). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KydQwvBelQ Adding architectural data to a Wikidata item for a Historic Building] from OpenStreetMap for History Buffs. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0h1KxXnaJrk Live Wikidata Editing #119] - Ainali and Abbe98 are back to edit Wikidata and explain their thinking along the way. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W37StgITf0Y Wikidata and the public domain] - Tools for bulk editing in Wikidata: Mix n Match and QuickStatements, last class of a [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmjmrXGUFVlJOyYM3S6CBdNFszYI4FwcM 9-part series] provided by Jorge Gemetto. ** (German) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thXJ1XAbWJ0 Art History Loves Wiki im Museum Schnütgen], day 2, digital/local collection loves wiki. ** (German) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rN19MWWtif8 Von OpenStreetMap zu semantisch vernetzten Wissensgraphen] FOSSGIS 2026 Conference. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76wkepRUZLg Using Wikibase as an Integration Platform] with Matthew Ong. Originally given at the Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin, 19 November 2024. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikivisage.toolforge.org/ WikiVisage] - Train a machine learning model to detect depicted subjects in Wikimedia Commons images and assist with adding the P180 (depicts) property. * [https://yesterdays.maprva.org/subjects/ Yesterdays] - A web platform for cataloging and georeferencing historical images of Richmond, Virginia. It uses Wikidata items to help organize the georeferenced images. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editing user testing: join the participant panel: Wikimedia Deutschland is planning new user tests for the mobile editing experience (including more data types as a beta feature) in late April–early May. Participants of all experience levels are welcome, and users of right‑to‑left scripts are especially encouraged to sign up. Register [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here]. Participants will be compensated for their time. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14223|Digital Public Good ID]] (<nowiki>identifier of a digital public good in the Digital Public Goods Registry</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14226|apportionment diagram]] (<nowiki>image that displays the representation of seats won by party in an election to an assembly</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14251|peer-review process for scholarly journals or publications]] (<nowiki>''(without English description)''</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14201|‎X Games athlete ID (new)]], [[:d:Property:P14202|AIK soccer player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14203|‎Uitleenwoordenbank ID]], [[:d:Property:P14205|abadis.ir word ID]], [[:d:Property:P14206|‎AmericanAristocracy house ID]], [[:d:Property:P14207|‎AmericanAristocracy person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14208|British Newspaper Archive publication ID]], [[:d:Property:P14209|‎Buitenlandse aardrijkskundige namen in het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14210|Landskrona BoIS player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14211|Library of the University of Santiago de Compostela authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P14212|‎DBNL place ID]], [[:d:Property:P14213|Faulhaber edition ID]], [[:d:Property:P14214|Foto Atlas taxonomy ID]], [[:d:Property:P14215|‎Integbio Database Catalog ID]], [[:d:Property:P14216|‎KCUE academy ID]], [[:d:Property:P14217|‎LibriVox reader ID]], [[:d:Property:P14220|‎Manga-DB person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14221|‎Manga-DB magazine ID]], [[:d:Property:P14222|‎Manga-DB publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14224|Digital Public Goods Registry]], [[:d:Property:P14225|NSK ID]], [[:d:Property:P14227|Tribuna.com football players ID]], [[:d:Property:P14228|Sport Express person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14229|‎Open Food Facts brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14230|‎RITVA company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14231|OldRacingCars.com drivers ID]], [[:d:Property:P14232|‎Spellingwijzer Onze Taal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14233|‎EpiMedDat ID]], [[:d:Property:P14234|‎Pinkhof ID]], [[:d:Property:P14235|‎Scheikunde ID]], [[:d:Property:P14236|‎Movist person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14237|‎ISSN-H]], [[:d:Property:P14238|Names, Persons, and Groups of People of the Middle Ages ID]], [[:d:Property:P14239|‎Parlement.com object ID]], [[:d:Property:P14240|wikiru.jp wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P14241|BGAFD actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14243|IFK Norrköping player]], [[:d:Property:P14244|‎LINE official account ID]], [[:d:Property:P14245|Norwegian war prisoner histories ID]], [[:d:Property:P14246|‎indexxx.com performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14247|SetesdalWiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P14248|‎Shellers From the Past ID]], [[:d:Property:P14249|‎SocioMap ID]], [[:d:Property:P14250|Publication ID in e-Marefa database]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/civil service position level|civil service position level]] (<nowiki>classification level of a civilian public service position within a government administrative hierarchy</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Usenet newsgroup|Usenet newsgroup]] (<nowiki>Usenet newsgroup associated with the item</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/predicted winning party|predicted winning party]] (<nowiki>the party predicted to win an election, according to some source</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Numen ID|Numen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/member of the Azorean assembly ID|member of the Azorean assembly ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Rappels d'une personne|identifiant Rappels d'une personne]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans la base de noms France Archives|Identifiant dans la base de noms France Archives]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anarâš aavis topic ID|Anarâš aavis topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Perfumery Glossary ingredient ID|Perfumery Glossary ingredient ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MangaBaka manga ID|MangaBaka manga ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JVID performer ID|JVID performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PlayStation Trophies achievement ID|PlayStation Trophies achievement ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BERON lexeme ID|BERON lexeme ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Hogback|WikiProject Hogback]] - Hogbacks are a type of gravestone marker used in 10th - 12th Century Northern England. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_University_of_Otago_WMIR/WikiProject_Books_of_Mana|University of Otago/Books of Mana]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_sum_of_all_paintings/Collection/Schnütgen_Museum|Schnütgen Museum Collection/Sum of all paintings]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/United_Nations|Govdirectory/United Nations]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Nonprofit_Organizations|Nonprofit Organisations]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/items_with_P569%3DP570|Humans with the same date of birth year (P569) and date of death year (P570)]]. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q275180|Australia (Q275180)]] - 2008 film by Baz Luhrmann * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L737913|viɛla]] - Dagbanli adjective (of quality that is pleasing to human senses). ''' Development ''' * Wikibase GraphQL: We added support for a number of additional datatypes and started working on the functionality for querying Items by the external ID statement values or site links. * Mobile editing of statements: We spent time testing the current state and fixing remaining issues we found. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Mongolia|Mongolia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:31, 30 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30329875 --> == Tech News: 2026-14 == <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 30 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == ''The Signpost'': 31 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/In the media|AI ban, newspapers disrupt archiving; and antisemitism complaints]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Community view|Videos from WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Disinformation report|Cleaning up after Jeffrey Epstein, Peter Nygard, and Mohamed Al-Fayed]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/WikiConference report|WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC review]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Obituary|Dr. Subas Chandra Rout]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Traffic report|Call in the dogs of war, soldier of fortune]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Gallery|Canadian Rangers participate in Operation ''Enduring Encyclopedia'']] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Comix|n00bsitting]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 10:08, 31 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30329870 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 10:21, 1 April 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == CEE Newsletter is out now! == Dear all, The first CEE Newsletter issue of 2026 is now live, and we are happy to share it with you. The past few months have been anything but quiet across our region. From Wikimedia CEE Spring and the CEE Women Campaign, to cross-border collaborations, youth initiatives, and new ideas taking shape, there is a lot happening -- and this issue brings together many of those stories in one place. You will find highlights from community activities, updates from the CEE Hub, international news, and a wide range of contributions from across the region. It is a good snapshot of what we have been working on together at the start of the year. As always, thank you to everyone who contributed -- by writing, sharing updates, or supporting behind the scenes. Take a moment to explore the issue and see what is going on across the region: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/March_2026 As always, we have prepared a Russian version of the same issue: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/March_2026/ru Happy reading! On behalf of the CEE Newsletter team, Karo <!-- Message sent by User:KGruszczyk-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=30270755 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:27, 6 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Tech News: 2026-15 == <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:16, 6 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #726 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-07. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#725]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Oversight: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Oversight/EPIC (2)|EPIC (2)]] (RfP scheduled to end at 9 April 2026 12:35 UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/ChooseLocal|ChooseLocal]] - '''Task/s:''' Read-only harvest of Wikidata entities (businesses, banks, etc.) by country, for use in a Canadia-centric local business directory. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/JigildikBot|JigildikBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Sitelink Management: Connecting newly created articles on kaa.wiki to their corresponding Wikidata items using Pywikibot. Label and Description Updates: Adding or updating Karakalpak (kaa) labels and descriptions for various items (especially geographical and biographical items) using OpenRefine. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/JJPMaster (bot)|JJPMaster (bot)]] - '''Task/s:''' Automatically add sitelinks for Abstract Wikipedia articles **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/TracklisterBot|TracklisterBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding missing external identifiers to Wikidata items for music artists, sourced from Tracklister ([[Q138905706]]), a music database that aggregates data from 20+ platforms. Properties: Discogs artist ID ([[Property:P1953|P1953]]), Spotify artist ID ([[Property:P1902|P1902]]), SoundCloud ID ([[Property:P3040|P3040]]), Bandcamp ID ([[Property:P3283|P3283]]), Beatport artist ID ([[Property:P5765|P5765]]), Deezer artist ID ([[Property:P2722|P2722]]), Last.fm ID ([[Property:P3192|P3192]]), AllMusic artist ID ([[Property:P1728|P1728]]), Apple Music artist ID ([[Property:P2850|P2850]]), Tidal artist ID ([[Property:P11853|P11853]]). Each claim includes a reference with stated in: Tracklister + reference URL pointing to the artist's page on tracklist.live. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Dušan_Kreheľ_(bot)|Dušan Kreheľ (bot)]] (approved) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1775664000 18:00 CEST], 08th April 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_April_2026| Blazegraph Migration Office Hours]]: Blazegraph migeration office hours April edition is today, 7th January, {{zonestamp|2026-03-27 16:00|16:00 UTC}}. These sessions focus exclusively on supporting the migration away from Blazegraph as the backend of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS). [[Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_April_2026|See the office hour page for details and future sessions]]. ** [https://wissenschaftliche-sammlungen.de/de/termine/digis-workshop-wikidata-fuer-die-sammlungserschliessung digiS Workshop: Wikidata für die Sammlungserschließung] - 20 April 2026, 10.00 CEST (08:00 UTC), this online workshop (held in German) will practice Wikidata skills across SPARQL, OpenRefine and QuickStatements with a focus on using Wikidata for GLAM Institutions. To register, visit the link. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/04/wikidata-graphs-for-data-visualisation-of-endangered-horse-breeds-in-wikipedia/ Wikidata graphs for data visualisation of endangered horse breeds in Wikipedia] By Tsaag Valren ** [[:w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:RAW/2026-04-05#L'Atelier|Does country of birth have an effect on the probability to have a biography in French-language Wikipedia?]] (Le pays de naissance a-t-il un effet sur les chances d'avoir une biographie sur Wikipédia ?), published in RAW-Regards sur l'actualité de Wikimedia in Wikipedia in French. ** (German) [[WMDEblog:2026/04/01/wikidata-ist-teil-von-wikimedia-enterprise|Wikidata ist ein teil von Wikimedia Enterprise]] - an update from Wikimedia Germany on Wikidata's inclusion with Wikimedia Enterprise. ** (German) [https://nearby.hypotheses.org/5479 How to edit nearby: Notizen für regionale Open GLAM-Labore und offene Daten] by Jens Bemme. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/17/building-the-dagbanli-dictionarys-audio-pipeline-ogg-ios-and-transcoding/ Building the Dagbanli Dictionary’s Audio Pipeline: OGG, iOS, and Transcoding], by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan * Papers: ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2604.02618v1 OntoKG: Ontology-Oriented Knowledge Graph Construction with Intrinsic-Relational Routing] by Li ''et al.,'' (2026), includes a case study of cleaning and resolving entity labels and descriptions from a 100 million entity dump. ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2603.29801v1 ENEIDE: A High Quality Silver Standard Dataset for Named Entity Recognition and Linking in Historical Italian] by Santinia ''et al.,'' (2026), the ENEIDE dataset links over 2000 historical documents to 8,000+ Wikidata entities. ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2603.29336v1#S6 CADEL: A Corpus of Administrative Web Documents for Japanese Entity Linking] by Higashiyama ''et al.,'' (2026) * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDdGRXSOP24 Using content from Wikidata in your apps], lightning talk by Jan Ainali ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7cJNk2cZzBg&pp=0gcJCcQBo7VqN5tDiggCQAE%3D 2025: OpenStreetMap x Wikidata Collaboration: Taiwan Case] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZaBKr5pCLc&pp=iggCQAE%3D 2025: The Ugandan Geo Quests: Mapping Libraries and Museums into the Knowledge Commons] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=GomBxbkXZ00&pp=0gcJCcQBo7VqN5tDiggCQAE%3D Using Wikidata for data enrichment in museums] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sOCYi3IJN3s&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 1: What is Wikidata & Why Does It Matter?] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=UPea-60l3tA&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 2: Wikidata Building Blocks] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=lZdxNb-5Slw&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 3: Create an Account & Your First Edits] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=HsuydHCnpAE&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 4: First Edits: Adding References] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5L7Htxi3Vs&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 5: Creating a New Item] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wq42.toolforge.org/ An AI chat interface to Wikidata] by Santhosh Thottingal is a tool that gives answers to almost everything on Wikidata ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editing user testing: Wikimedia Deutschland is planning new user tests for the mobile editing experience (including more data types as a beta feature) in late April–early May. Participants of all experience levels are welcome, and users of right‑to‑left scripts are especially encouraged to sign up. Register [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here]. Participants will be compensated for their time. * Wikidata's data is now also available via Wikimedia Enterprise APIs. ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/wikidata-api-endpoints-wikimedia-enterprise/ Wikimedia Enterprise blog post], [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Wikidata’s data will be available through Wikimedia Enterprise|WMDE announcement]]) * [[d:Wikidata:Vector_Database|Wikidata embedding]]: The vectors of the embedding are now also published. * (Job vacancy) [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/7543775?gh_src=94cfded01us&utm_source=MyJobMag: Engineering Manager, Wikidata Platform] (WMF) * (Job vacancy in Indonesian) [https://wikimedia.or.id/karier/lowongan-pemagang-data-dan-teknologi-wikimedia-indonesia-2026/ Wikimedia Indonesia: Data and Technology Apprenticeship Vacancy, April-June 2026] - apply by April 10. Duties include recording Wikidata editing tutorial videos, prepare datathons and training materials and events. * Research workshop on content verifiability in Wikidata: Researchers from King's College London (in partnership with the Wikimedia Foundation) invite Wikidata contributors of all experience levels to a 2‑hour online workshop. Participants receive £90 compensation. [[m:Research:Participatory Auditing AI Tools for Information Verifiability|Research details and registration]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14254|regional conservation status]] (<nowiki>conservation status of species in national or regional Red List publications that follow the IUCN red list criteria</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14256|‎PeerTube instance URL]] (<nowiki>the PeerTube instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14252|PeerJ person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14253|‎RITVA corporate body ID]], [[:d:Property:P14255|‎Royal Air Force service number]], [[:d:Property:P14257|LUBW-RIPS hydroelectric power station-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14258|Biorab-Frankfurt ID]], [[:d:Property:P14259|‎Minfin company ID for banks]], [[:d:Property:P14260|Wikiparfum perfumer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14261|Cultural heritage ID in Baden-Württemberg]], [[:d:Property:P14262|MangaBaka manga ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikimedia Commons content descriptor|Wikimedia Commons content descriptor]] (<nowiki>Wikimedia Commons content descriptor which applies to this media file</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/energy density|energy density]] (<nowiki>amount of energy extractable from a substance (e.g. in a combustion engine) per unit of volume or of mass</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/main page URL|main page URL]] (<nowiki>link to main page or item on website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bayerische Naturdenkmal-ID|Bayerische Naturdenkmal-ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for natural monuments in Bavaria (Germany), issued by the Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/election result|election result]] (<nowiki>map that displays the result of this election</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/meta-category for|meta-category for]] (<nowiki>topic or class of items covered by the lowest categories in this meta-category's hierarchy</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cast|Cast]] (<nowiki>Cast</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mainline Station Heritage Artefacts Collection ID|Mainline Station Heritage Artefacts Collection ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/lit.link ID|lit.link ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WikiKids page ID|WikiKids page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KuLaDig ID|KuLaDig ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum brand ID|Wikiparfum brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Turkey district ID|Turkey district ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Turkey province ID|Turkey province ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OSDev|OSDev]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Giant Bomb Wiki ID|Giant Bomb Wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Myrotvorets ID|Myrotvorets ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fraktionsprotokolle.de-ID|Fraktionsprotokolle.de-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KISTI article ID|KISTI article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Irish State Administration Database Unit ID|Irish State Administration Database Unit ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hessische Parlamentarismusgeschichte Abgeordneten-ID|Hessische Parlamentarismusgeschichte Abgeordneten-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ocremix.org game ID|ocremix.org game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tube8 ID|Tube8 ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/YourPorn ID|YourPorn ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/KssE Wikispecies pages linked to Wikidata items via a specific property] (example given: Family Name <small>''(Q101352)''</small>) - ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Wikispecies_page_linked_to_a_items_with_a_specific_property|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Salon_de_Paris|Salon de Paris]] - a list of annual temporary exhibitions usually held in the Salon Carré of the Louvre Palace. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Mesocosms|Mesocosms]] - about modelling research infrastructure, processes and outcomes involving use of [[d:Q138857216|mesocosm (Q138857216)]] ''(experimental system to examine the natural environment under controlled conditions).'' ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Indonesia/Kegiatan/Datathon/Arsip/2025|Archive WikiProject for Wikimedia Indonesia February 2025 Datahon]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Eswatini|Govdirectory: Eswatini]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/badged_items_without_claims|Badged Items without Claims]] - this report lists items that have received a badge (such as Good / Featured Article) but have 0 statements. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q337480|Académie Julian (Q337480)]] - former art school in Paris, France * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L724819|kurugu (L724819)]] - Dagbanli noun that translate to English as metal, harem trousers, hour or coin. ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to investigate how to reduce the number of irrelevant changes showing up in Recent changes and Watchlist by seeing if we can compare the articles before and after the Wikidata change and detect a change in the article ([[phab:T419823]]) * GraphQL: You can now do lookups using itemByExternalId and itemBySitelink * Mobile statement editing: We worked on fixing remaining bugs ([[phab:T420585 ]], [[phab:T420028]], [[phab:T419586]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Eswatini|Eswatini]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:56, 7 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30329875 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature & Architecture + Women NZ * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore & more #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:20, 9 April 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30344683 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:56, 13 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #727 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-13. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#726]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/ZI_Jony_2|ZI Jony (2)]] - RfP scheduled to end after 17 April 2026 13:09 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/NirmosBot_3|Nirmos Bot 3]] - Task(s): Turn one or more consecutive hard (non-breaking) spaces into one regular space in Swedish descriptions. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Alex_NB_OT|Alex NB OT]] - Task(s): Correction of incorrectly specified links to population data sources containing wikitext artifacts with categories, which leads to incorrect categorization of articles. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Alex_NB_OT_2|Alex NB OT 2]] - Task(s): Extract KCI article ID from [[d:Property:P953|P953]] and add it to [[d:Property:P14184|P14184]]. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/ReNeuralAgent|ReNeuralAgent]] - Task(s): (1) add descriptions, (2) Latvian labels/descriptions, (3) 'retrieved from' and 'source URL' to unreferenced Statements, (4) missing aliases from external Identifier sources, (5) Geo coordinates, (6) external identifiers, (7) Population numbers, (8) remove 'dead sitelinks', (9) constraint violations. * Open request for comment: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Mass-editing_policy|Mass-editing policy]] is still open and requires your input. ''' Events ''' * Past: Missed the second quarter Wikidata+Wikibase office hour? You can catch up by reading the session transcript here: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events/Telegram office hour 2026-04-08|2026-04-08 (Q2 2026)]] * Current: (Spanish) [[d:Event:Dominio_Público_en_América_Latina_2026|Public Domain in Latin America 2026]] - 1st edition of the campaign to improve public domain data for Latin America is running until 15 June. * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 14 April, 2026: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, April 14, 2026 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST (Time zone converter). QuickStatements is one of the most widely used tools in Wikidata, enabling users to upload and edit large volumes of structured data efficiently. Originally developed by Magnus Manske, the tool has become essential for institutions, researchers, and volunteers working with open data. The new QuickStatements 3.0, developed by Wikimedia Brasil with support from Wikimedia Deutschland, introduces a modernized interface, improved performance, and new features shaped by community input, making it easier than ever to contribute high-quality data to the Wikimedia ecosystem. Event page: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/QuickStatements3|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/QuickStatements3]] **[https://artandfeminism.org/panel/community-hours-af-wikidata-modules/ Art+Feminism is hosting a Community Hours session on April 17 to introduce their new Wikidata modules — don’t miss it!] ** [https://www.digis-berlin.de/workshop-wikidata-fuer-die-sammlungserschliessung-am-20-04/ digiS Workshop „Wikidata für die Sammlungserschließung“ am 20.04.] - (German), registration closes 16.04, takes place online (10:00 – 11:30 CEST), room link after registration. ** [https://events.ucf.edu/event/4102698/open-scholarly-profiles-with-wikidata Open Scholarly Profiles with Wikidata] - Wednesday, April 22, 2026 1300 - 1430 EDT (1700 - 1830 UTC). This is an onsite event at University of Central Florida. ** [[w:ig:Event:Visibility_of_Communities_in_Nigeria_2.0|Visibility of Communities in Nigeria 2.0]]: 17.04 - 25.04, (please register on the link). Help enrich Wikidata with cultural preservation, tourism and inclusive development data for items on South Nigerian communities. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: (Spanish) [[wmes:conectando-a-los-autores-y-autoras-del-patrimonio-documental-vasco-en-wikipedia-y-wikidata|Connecting: Basque documentary heritage on Wikipedia and Wikidata]] - a program to make Basque heritage data more visible, with events scheduled through April - June. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TiyhYerswVU Live Wikidata Editing #120] with Jan Ainali and Abbe98 ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVUDn1E-yJU Can AI Replace Wikipedia? Jonathan Fraine & Raja Amelung Explain Why It Cannot] - Wikimedia Deutschland's Jonathan and Raja discuss why human knowledge and contribution to Wikipedia and Wikidata will always be important. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEzUqaorHtg Interfacing with Wikidata for fun and profit] - Yaron Koren ** [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qwwpxtdGAG7oYKwlp2ykhyZIgrMYvUgt/view Introduction to Lexicographical data] - By Chinonso Chidi ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=TmMC8L89hOs&pp=iggCQAE%3D WMUK Wikidata Training (1/2) - Why & how to add data to Wikidata] - a beginner-friendly introduction to Wikidata editing hosted by Dr. Martin Poulter. ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=acjchSUjq48&pp=iggCQAE%3D WMUK Wikidata training (2/2) - Make your first Wikidata query using SPARQL] - How to query Wikidata's vast store of knowledge using SPARQL. ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5WTkl4dXCKA&pp=iggCQAE%3D Wikidata and personal pronouns (P6553) by Clair Kronk and Crystal Yragui] - part of the [[m:Event:Queering_Wikipedia_Conference_2025|Queering Wikipedia Conference (2025)]] ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoSszuyG8tI Queering the public domain using Wikidata and Wikipedia] - with [[m:User:Hiperterminal|User:Hiperterminal]]. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRj3cXRn1uk Taller de OpenRefine por David Ramírez-Ordóñez] ([[m:User:Hiperterminal|User:Hiperterminal]]) - a workshop on OpenRefine with a geder perspective. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31VQumm49yM Introducing lgbtDB: A Collaborative Queer Resource and Pilot Data Area] by Clair Kronk. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://humansmap.com/ HumansMap] - a connection-visualiser and explorer app for 3 million notable humans, all data sourced from Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Call for tool builders: EntitySchemas listening tour: The Wikidata team wants your feedback on EntitySchemas to improve data quality and discoverability. Share your experiences, pain points, and needs via the [[d:Wikidata_talk:Schemas#EntitySchemas_listening_tour_(feedback_round_2)|project talk page]] or this short [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeF1snQbKid7WaurWtEyrYPJ31M9vN8cKl4EocOnwNCvMsZqw/viewform?usp=header Google form] (including option for a 30-min video call). ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14272|ConLang Code Registry code]] (<nowiki>3-letter identifier for language defined in the ConLang Code Registry, using codes reserved for private use in ISO 639-3</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14280|‎official roster page]] (<nowiki>URL of a team's official page about this player</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14299|‎value type of this mathematical property]] (<nowiki>type of the value of this mathematical property when applied to this object or this type of objects</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14300|‎Usenet newsgroup]] (<nowiki>Usenet newsgroup associated with the item</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14317|hardware is incompatible with]] (<nowiki>significant elements with which a computer hardware or electronic device is incompatible and which indicates a significant property of this hardware.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14319|Peh-oe-ji]] (<nowiki>writing system for Taiwanese Hokkien (Q36778) or other Southern Min (Q36495) language varieties in Fujian and South East Asia.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14332|‎heir apparent]] (<nowiki>person designated to take on royal position after death of subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14341|thumbtime]] (<nowiki>time for video thumbnail in seconds</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14263|Algeria Press Service tag ID (English)]], [[:d:Property:P14264|Algeria Press Service tag ID (French)]], [[:d:Property:P14265|‎BERON lexeme ID]], [[:d:Property:P14266|‎Brussels BeStAddress street ID]], [[:d:Property:P14267|‎Brussels BeStAddress address ID]], [[:d:Property:P14268|‎Atlas of Endangered Alphabets ID]], [[:d:Property:P14269|Anarâš aavis topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14270|Wikiparfum perfume ingredient ID]], [[:d:Property:P14271|TMDB award ID]], [[:d:Property:P14273|Open Library Collection]], [[:d:Property:P14274|‎Ohio University ArchiveSpace subject ID]], [[:d:Property:P14275|VAi Archiefhub agent ID]], [[:d:Property:P14276|‎PBA.com player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14277|‎IRIS UNIL author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14278|IPRESS ID]], [[:d:Property:P14279|GEMI Number]], [[:d:Property:P14281|‎StandardsMap ID]], [[:d:Property:P14282|‎Japanese Location Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14283|‎IRDI]], [[:d:Property:P14284|‎Wendingen object ID]], [[:d:Property:P14285|‎Wendingen person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14286|Oricon News ID]], [[:d:Property:P14287|‎JMRC person id (en)]], [[:d:Property:P14288|Rappels person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14289|KCI journal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14290|KCI publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14291|BIORAB-Kaiserreich ID]], [[:d:Property:P14292|BIORAB–WEIMAR ID]], [[:d:Property:P14293|‎Mainline Station Heritage Artefacts Collection ID]], [[:d:Property:P14294|Göteborgsalliansen player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14295|‎Fungal Names taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14296|‎Dicionário Biográfico de Cientistas, Engenheiros e Médicos em Portugal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14297|‎Brewver beer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14298|Central Registration Number (Indonesian police)]], [[:d:Property:P14301|‎UEA catalogue ID]], [[:d:Property:P14302|‎lit.link ID]], [[:d:Property:P14303|kulturbase.no ID]], [[:d:Property:P14304|KuLaDig-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14310|Topplista artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14311|TV Drama Database program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14315|‎Thyssen-Bornemisza work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14316|‎Swedish National Archives ID]], [[:d:Property:P14318|Perfumery Glossary ingredient ID]], [[:d:Property:P14320|‎PeeringDB facility ID]], [[:d:Property:P14321|‎Nişanyan Adlar ID]], [[:d:Property:P14322|National Theatre in Prague performance ID]], [[:d:Property:P14323|National Theatre in Prague artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14324|‎JVID performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14325|CICAP Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14326|‎MJ character glyph name]], [[:d:Property:P14327|member of the Azorean parliament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14328|Master Ideographs Seeker character ID]], [[:d:Property:P14329|‎London Book Trades ID]], [[:d:Property:P14330|‎Kloekecode]], [[:d:Property:P14331|ID Prix de Lausanne]], [[:d:Property:P14333|‎GDUNO ID]], [[:d:Property:P14334|‎fotbolltransfers.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P14335|Foot Résultats player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14336|‎Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography ID]], [[:d:Property:P14337|‎DBNL country ID]], [[:d:Property:P14338|‎CROWCASS file number]], [[:d:Property:P14339|‎European Dictionary Portal ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenType script tag|OpenType script tag]] (<nowiki>identifier for a script in OpenType</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenType language system tag|OpenType language system tag]] (<nowiki>identifier for a language (system) in OpenType</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/tattoos|tattoos]] (<nowiki>anatomical location of a tattoo that this person or character have</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/organization in cooperation with ISO ID|organization in cooperation with ISO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EDAM Ontology ID|EDAM Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FISH Evidence Thesaurus Identifier|FISH Evidence Thesaurus Identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FISH Thesaurus of Monument Types ID|FISH Thesaurus of Monument Types ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScriptSource script ID|ScriptSource script ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScriptSource language code|ScriptSource language code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Extended Defence of Britain Database ID|Extended Defence of Britain Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Max username|Max username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BE-monumen ID|BE-monumen ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/LAbm List of sitelinked small items to a single Wiki] ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Request_a_query&oldid=2480451843 source]) - example wiki: Maori Wikipedia ** [https://w.wiki/FYno People who have herbarium specimens in Herbarium Dresdense (on a timeline)] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Collectors_affiliated_with_the_Herbarium_Dresdense_(DR)|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Collectors_affiliated_with_the_Herbarium_Dresdense_(DR)|Collectors affiliated with the Herbarium Dresdense (DR)]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/QuickStatements3|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/QuickStatements3]] - don't forget to add yourself to the participants section if you plan to attend the 14.04 Zoom call. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Temples_in_Roman_Britain/Data_Model|Temples in Roman Britain/Data Model]] subpage was added. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Library_and_Information_Science|Library and Information Science]] added subpages: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Library_and_Information_Science/dashboard_of_librarians|Librarians dashboard]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Library_and_Information_Science/dashboard_of_indexers|Indexers dashboard]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Special:ShortPages|Short Pages]] - A list of pages (mostly Items) that are very small, often appear completely blank. A review to judge whether they are suitable for deletion, victims of vandalism or require merging or expanding may be appropriate. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q804859|Baldur's gate II: Shadows of Amn]] - an isometric CRPG created with the Infinity engine, adapting the Advanced Dungeons and Dragons 2nd edition ruleset. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1250690|spegnere]] (Italian verb) to turn off, switch off, extinguish. ''' Development ''' * The Wikibase Reuse Team is working on ensuring [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413655 language fallback works on the GraphQL] labels of linked entities functionality and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421994 improving the technical infrastructure behind wbsearchentities]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: is working on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422564 introducing metrics] that help observe the impact of Recent Change related work. Work continues on improving the Diff ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419244 T419244], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419823 T419823]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/United Nations|United Nations]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:40, 13 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30379279 --> == Tech News: 2026-16 == <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:16, 13 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == [[Incubator:Requests for deletions#Wikinews test projects]] == For record, I guess that this section affects some test projects you previous contributed, at least [[Wn/af]] and [[Wn/vi]], so your inputs are welcome on the future of those Wikinews tests which are currently frozen. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 00:29, 19 April 2026 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:34, 20 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30430366 --> == Tech News: 2026-17 == <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:57, 20 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #728 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-20. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#727]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Yamato Shiya|Yamato Shiya]] - RfP scheduled to end after 26 April 2026 11:10 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/ZI Jony 2|ZI Jony 2]] - Closed as successful ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #88 May 11 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ** Wikidata turns 14 this October, and it’s time to start thinking about birthday celebrations🥳. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/O6V5RI7VMZCQGFTJZNNFOYZPJ6OPPK2R/ See the various ways in which you can participate]. ** [https://events.ucf.edu/event/4102698/open-scholarly-profiles-with-wikidata Open Scholarly Profiles with Wikidata] - April 22, 2026 1300 - 1430 EDT (1700 - 1830 UTC). This is an onsite event at University of Central Florida and requires registration (see link). ** [https://www.instagram.com/p/DXNPK8jkl7p University of Central Illinois - How does data power Wikipedia and Wikidata?] Discover how your data skills can make an impact. Join the two onsite sessions (April 21, follow the link for registration details). '''Module 1''' - GLAM Wiki and the Wikimedia Ecosystem: Commons and Structured Data: 0930 - 1130 CDT - An overview of GLAM-Wiki (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums). '''Module 2''' - Wikidata: Editing, Querying, Citations and GIS Applications, 1300 - 1500 CDT ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[DiffBlog:2026/04/14/women-in-photography-wikidata-workshop-with-lightbox-library|Women in Photography – Wikidata Workshop with LightBox Photo Library]] - to address the underrepresentation of women photographers in the Wikimedia Projects, this workshop brought tech reporters, librarians, researchers and photography enthusiasts to understand how Wikidata can unlock data silos and connect different projects (in the Wikiverse and external) to make data on women photographers more searchable. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/14/her-heritage-wiki-challenge-artfeminism-in-ghana-month/ Her Heritage Wiki Challenge: Art+Feminism in Ghana Month] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/18/no-signal-no-problem-building-the-dagbanli-dictionary-for-offline-use/ No Signal? No Problem: Building the Dagbanli Dictionary for Offline Use], by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan * Papers: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-026-05621-1 Optimising university web visibility: strategies using Wikidata identifiers and statements in Webometrics rankings] By Backory et al., (2026), this study analyses Webometrics rankings of universities, applying clustering algorithms (K-means, hierarchical clustering, fuzzy C-means, GMM, and DBSCAN) to identify which identifiers and statements the top-ranked institutions have in common on their Wikidata entities. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8qG2QxqsQE OKI Internship 2026 - Wikidata & Screening Test Preparation] - Part of the Open Knowledge Initiative, hosted by Ankit V & Kasyap P. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnOHrG_nVvY Charted Roots - Genealogy and worldbuilding in Obsidian] - includes an example of linking to Wikidata to quickly add location data to your visualised family history. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://hay.toolforge.org/depictor/index.php Depictor] by Hay Kranen is a tool that add structured data statements to Wikimedia Commons using a game-like interface ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://librarycarpentry.github.io/lc-wikidata/01-introduction.html What is Wikidata? - Library Carpentry] is part of ''The Carpentries'', a registered non-profit teaching foundational coding and data science skills. They recently updated their introductory course to Wikidata and knowledge graph concepts. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14344|‎ocremix.org game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/especially|especially]] (<nowiki>qualifier for statements to refine a value that applies more generally, but applies especially to a more specific value; a more specific qualifier than "including" (P1012)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/independent of theory|independent of theory]] (<nowiki>theory that proves neither this proposition nor its negation</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EPBC conservation status|EPBC conservation status]] (<nowiki>the conservation status from the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 assigned by the Australian Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/part of discography|part of discography]] (<nowiki>discography that this musical release is a part of</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Thai Government Agency GFMIS Code|Thai Government Agency GFMIS Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Conlang Database ID|Conlang Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Plataforma Acácia|Plataforma Acácia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Observatório Terras Quilombolas|Observatório Terras Quilombolas]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LMTA folkloro archyvo ID|LMTA folkloro archyvo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kulturdenkmal-ID Rheinland-Pfalz|Kulturdenkmal-ID Rheinland-Pfalz]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profile ID|UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Код Вестра|Код Вестра]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/19star performer ID|19star performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EM-DAT disaster number|EM-DAT disaster number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ColBase ID|ColBase ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIOSOP ID|BIOSOP ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIOKAND ID|BIOKAND ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002BJC71J4LUqy0w0MAAygQUkoMc46KQ2QeA28GuQ6saU Depthness of subway stations in meters] (by [[User:Bouzinac|Bouzinac]]) * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/children_of_unborn_parents|Children of unborn parents]], this list shows the child entity's birth date predates the parent entity's birth date: good candidates to check if the birth and relationship statements need correcting. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q41178|Haïlé Sélassié Ier]] - Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L9704|slide (L9704)]] - English noun (slaɪd) meaning "a photographic transparency", "a playground or gym apparatus", or "a mass movement of earth or snow" ''' Development ''' * The Wikibase Reuse team continued their work on ensuring [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413655 language fallback works for labels of linked entities in GraphQL] and on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421994 refactoring wbsearchentities] * The Wikidata team worked on explored how to reduce load for low data users [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400325 T400325], fixed some bugs on the new mobile editing on Items [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418110 T418110], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414454 T414454] and improved some error messages [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T417797 T417797], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412145 T412145] * In the WIT team, engineering continued working on the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419823 LilDiffCheck prototype] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/South_Korea|South Korea]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:04, 20 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30424079 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 April 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/News and notes|Six Serbian Wikipedia editors banned following controversy about political bias]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/In the media|Could Wikipedia be involved in Massachusetts' proposed social media ban for minors?]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Gallery|March equinox]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Traffic report|Time to change my galaxy in case, we outta space!]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Comix|Of skirts and articles]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 06:50, 21 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30434643 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:04, 27 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30449041 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #729 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-27. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#728]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: '''[[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Yamato_Shiya|Yamato Shiya]]''' - Congratulations to our newest Admin! * New requests for permissions/Bot: '''[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Chamiln17@FineWiki|Chamiln17@FineWiki]]''' - '''Task/s:''' Read-only Wikidata entity cache build for an academic temporal language model dataset. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: Next [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session — 28 April 2026 at 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST. This session covers QuickStatements 3.0, the updated batch-editing tool for Wikidata, redeveloped by Wikimedia Brasil with support from Wikimedia Deutschland, featuring a modern interface and improved performance. Watch the previous session recording: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkd_W_K2CEQ on youtube]. More details: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/QuickStatements3 | QuickStatements3]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/10/the-gballi-browser-designing-for-the-dagbanli-alphabet/ The Gballi Browser: Designing for the Dagbanli Alphabet], by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan ** [[DiffBlog:2026/04/21/building-visibility-for-african-women-on-wikimedia-the-empowerher-fellowship|Building Visibility for African Women on Wikimedia: The EmpowerHer Fellowship]] by Andikan Efiok Eduok. * Papers: ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.430 Call for Edits Nearby: Open Archives Metadata from Saxony] by J. Bemme & M. Munke (2026), latest paper in the Journal of Open Humanities Data series. ** (Deutsch) [PDF] [https://arthist.net/reviews/52225/view=pdf Art History Loves Wiki 2026 | digital/local.collection loves wiki] - report from ArtHist.net on the recent 3rd edition of the conference, held at the Museum Schnütgen, Köln, from 27 – 29 March. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GAI0MXlYBE Live Wikidata Editing, #121] with Jan Ainali and Abbe98. ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ci-TFUyvnAU Build with Wikimedia open data: APIs, SPARQL and visualization] with Carla Toro Fernández, Director Technology WM Chile. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mehivb26qI Every Airport Ever Built (1909-2024)] - an animated map showing where and when airports were built. Powered by Wikidata and OurAirports. ** (Catalan) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xFbsSRMncs Barcelona Free Software: How to use Wikidata to make public domain digital works visible?], [[d:User:Hiperterminal|User:Hiperterminal]] presents Paulina, discusses the work done in digitising collections and how to make public domain works visible. * Notebooks: [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/does-the-country-of-birth-affect-the-likelihood-of Does the country of birth affect the likelihood of having a Wikipedia biography?] by [[User:PAC2]] ''' Tools of the week ''' * [https://app.wikitime.live/ The Human History Atlas (WikiTime)], a browser-based atlas that uses Wikidata and Wikipedia-sourced data to construct timelines and allows exploration of significant historical events. * [https://olympians.toolforge.org/athletes Wikilympians], a real-time list of all 153,412 known Olympic competitors with Wikidata and Wikipedia coverage statistics ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikibase Suite 7.0 and Wikibase Suite Deploy 7.0.0 have been launched! It brings Wikibase closer to feature parity with Wikidata. Here's what's in the latest release: ** [[mw:Extension:Echo|Echo Extension]]: User activity alerts and notifications. ** [[mw:Extension:DiscussionTools|Discussion Tools Extension]]: Set of tools to enhance discussion pages. ** [[mw:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts|Temporary Accounts]]: The support for temporary accounts without IP address exposure has been added. It will, however, remain disabled by default, in line with Wikibase Cloud. ** Grouped External Identifiers (https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310898): External identifiers are now grouped on entity pages for better readability. ** “Mul” (multi-language) support: Adds support for multi-language values. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14345|perspective]] (<nowiki>point of view for an image of an object, for example an anatomical structure (ventral, dorsal, frontal)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14347|Bavarian natural monuments ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for natural monuments in Bavaria (Germany), issued by the Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14351|‎audio version of text]] (<nowiki>The audio version of a text (e.g. book). Not the audio version of the Wikipedia article about the text (e.g. book).</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14359|‎motive]] (<nowiki>verified reasoning behind an action</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14360|‎award category or rank]] (<nowiki>(qualifier of P166) specific category or rank of an award received, for awards with more than one category or rank</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14346|‎BE-monumen ID]], [[:d:Property:P14348|Team Norway athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P14349|‎Kantonsspital St.Gallen author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14350|‎Consumer Rights Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14353|Central Registration Number (Indonesia Military)]], [[:d:Property:P14354|‎Conlang Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14355|EM-DAT disaster number]], [[:d:Property:P14356|UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profile ID]], [[:d:Property:P14357|‎EDAM Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P14358|‎Turkey province ID]], [[:d:Property:P14361|Kvinnehistorie.no topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14362|CNVD-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14363|GiveSendGo fundraising ID]], [[:d:Property:P14364|radiko person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14365|Wikiparfum brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14366|‎Turkey district ID]], [[:d:Property:P14367|OSDev article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/different from property|different from property]] (<nowiki>This property is to be distinguished from the other property</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SELL rating|SELL rating]] (<nowiki>classification in the Syndicat des éditeurs de logiciels de loisirs rating system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/time expansion|time expansion]] (<nowiki>factor by which a recording's duration has been extended or compressed relative to the original real-time event, without pitch correction; values greater than 1 indicate time expansion (e.g. 10 = ten times longer than real life, pitch lowered tenfold); values less than 1 indicate time compression (e.g. 0.1 = ten times shorter, pitch raised tenfold); 1 = real-time</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parental Advisory System rating|Parental Advisory System rating]] (<nowiki>content rating for coin-operated video games</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINEFOX film ID (reproposal)|CINEFOX film ID (reproposal)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINEFOX parson ID (reproposal)|CINEFOX parson ID (reproposal)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VK video ID|VK video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brew TV|Brew TV]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CycleBase cyclist ID (new)|CycleBase cyclist ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Royal Australian Air Force service number|Royal Australian Air Force service number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Files of the Reich Chancellery ID|Files of the Reich Chancellery ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/MDpD List of treaties/truces in the time] by [[:d:User:Bouzinac | Bouzinac ]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Occupations|WikiProject Occupations]] for enriching items [[d:Property:P106|occupation ''<small>(P106)</small>'']], [[d:Q12737077|occupation ''<small>(Q12737077)</small>'']] with data verified from official national occupation classification systems. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/without_claims_by_site|Without Claims by Site]] - this report will list how many Wikidata Items have 0 Statements, with a linked Wiki Article/page. Click ''reports/all items'' for a per wiki list, and consider expanding. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q845661|Okazaki fragments]] - short DNA sequences synthesized discontinuously during DNA replication * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L29733|transfer (L29733)]] - English noun/verb (ˈtræns.fɜːr) meaning "to move from one place to another", "a sports team member moving to another team", or "a ticket allowing continuation of a journey" ''' Development ''' * Query Service: It is now possible to download query results in Wikidata Query Service that include coordinates as KML & GPX (GeoJSON has been available since last year). Text from the first column in the results is used as the value for naming POIs. Thanks again to Atom.oil.2 for the patch. ([[phab:T414376]]) * The Wikidata team continued working on a prototype to make WikiProjects more visible ([[phab:T420907]]) and made the new Wikidata mobile UI use auto-resizing text areas instead of single-line text inputs, in order to make longer values easier to edit ([[phab:T414420]]) * The Wikidata Integrations team now has a working prototype of LilDiffCheck, injecting wikidata changes into recent changes only if there was a change on the wikipedia html ([[phab:T421390]]) * Language fallback will be available this week on the labels of linked entities functionality in GraphQL ([[phab:T413655]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Main dashboard|field of work]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:28, 27 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30424079 --> == This Month in Education: April 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 16:01, 27 April 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30406002 --> == Tech News: 2026-18 == <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:03, 27 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:16, 4 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30464799 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #730 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-04. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#729]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Chamiln17@FineWiki|Chamiln17@FineWiki]] - Task: This bot performs a read-only cache build for an academic temporal language model dataset. * Other: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Ontology/Status of Ontology Classes and Properties|better tools to support constraints implied by properties like disjoint union of]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects Days 2026|WikiProjects Days 2026]] (online, June 19 to 21). A community gathering focused on making WikiProjects more useful, visible, and alive. [[d:Event talk:WikiProjects Days 2026|Propose a session]] (deadline for proposals: May 26, 2026) or register now. ** [[m:Language_Diversity_Conference/Submissions|Language Diversity Conference]] - Call for Submissions ends 15 May 2026. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/29/wikidata-community-summit-2026-coscup-call-for-proposals/ Wikidata Community Summit 2026 @ COSCUP] - Call for Proposals ends May 9, 2026. ** [https://www.laguardia.edu/event/lic-photo-walking-tourwikipedia-workshop/ LIC Photo Walking Tour + Wikipedia & Wikidata Workshop] - May 16, 12:30 - 16:00 EDT (UTC-4). A historical walking tour of Long Island City, New York, concluding with a Wiki-skills workshop at LaGuardia. Registration on the event link. * Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Coordinate_Me_2026|COORDINATE ME 2026]] - a Wikidata competition for geolocatable content has just started and ends 31 May 2026. Visit the link for details on how to participate. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://christianmahnke.de/en/post/blog-visualisation/ Visualised Blog metadata through SPARQL queries] - ChristianMahnke blog. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/22/mozilla-common-voice-meets-wikidata-how-the-dagbanli-dictionary-got-audio-usage-examples/ Mozilla Common Voice Meets Wikidata (How the Dagbanli Dictionary Got Audio Usage Examples)] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/03/wiki-loves-mother-tongue-2026-in-the-igbo-community/ Wiki Loves Mother Tongue 2026 in the Igbo Community] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/04/eduwiki-workshop-highlights-practical-uses-of-wikimedia-commons-in-education/ EduWiki Workshop Highlights Practical Uses of Wikimedia Commons in Education] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/02/recap-wiki-for-human-rights-lgbtiq-nigeria-february-and-march-training/ Recap: Wiki for Human Rights, LGBTIQ+ Nigeria, February and March Training] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/01/the-new-artfeminisms-wikidata-modules-are-here/ The new Art+Feminism’s Wikidata Modules are here!] * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lEyzX98BFE Panel on Wikidata and public domain in Colombia] (Spanish): on April 24th, the National Library of Colombia, The Cultural Network of the Bank of the Republic of Colombia, Wikimedia Colombia and Fundación Conector discussed about digital heritage and Wikidata, its challenges and opportunities for collaboration. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAnnn-Bk7Tk Wikibase - an introduction by Jason Evans] (Open Data Manager, National Library of Wales). Produced by the Wikimedian in Residence channel, University of Edinburgh. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OV4aL2PdjIc A uMap based on Wikidata] - a use-case of Holy Wells located in Ireland, associated with female Saints, powered by Wikidata and OpenStreetMap. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViOkEYQLggM Wikifunctions in practice: Reusable Logic for Wikimedia] - Presentation given by Toby Hudson ([[d:User:99of9|User:99of9]]) at the Wikiconference Australia 2026. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qYi3xPtB8I Mentor Me! Session 3A] - This in-person and hands-on session is provided by the Wikimedia Tyap User Group, and continues in the following sessions: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4b6Y3w4_ME Mentor Me! Session 3B] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2QM5RdJhl0 Mentor Me! Session 3C]. Led by Gwakhap D. Anthony, it will cover how to document languages with Wikidata lexemes. * Africa Wiki Women: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mrF98BA1SM Linking images from Commons to Wikidata and Wikipedia] - how images are used across the Projects with examples documenting African Women. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fANX6mDde5A Newbies Monthly Meetup for Africa Wiki Women] - further training and introductory skills for Wikidata and how it interacts with the other Wikimedia Projects. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvatmrH1uhQ EditHer Africa Contest (April)] - a beginner-friendly hands-on Wikidata item creation guide and launch of the monthly contest, with a focus on African Women in Works and Leadership. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://openhistory.app OpenHistory] – interactive historical atlas of 21k+ Wikidata-sourced historical events, polities, and territories on a timeline+map. SPARQL-driven pipeline, MIT/CC BY-SA. ([https://github.com/kdhillon/openhistory GitHub]) ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://wikitrivia.tomjwatson.com/ WikiTrivia] - the webgame about putting historical events in the correct order recently got a huge update, thanks to creator Tom Watson. * [[mw:Wikimedia_APIs/Rate_limits|Wikimedia API's / Rate limits]] - new rate limits are being added for all Wikimedia projects, to ensure sustainable use to the REST an ACTION API's. If you operate a bot and it has recently started producing an error message for producing too many API requests, please consult the linked MediaWiki page and amend your bot as needed. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14387|‎meta-category for]] (<nowiki>topic or class of items covered by the lowest categories in this meta-category's hierarchy</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14368|KISTI article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14369|FISH Monument Types Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14370|FISH Evidence Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14371|Organization in cooperation with ISO ID]], [[:d:Property:P14372|ScriptSource script code]], [[:d:Property:P14373|‎ScriptSource language code]], [[:d:Property:P14374|Tube8 performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14375|Bundestag Group Minutes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14376|Westra code]], [[:d:Property:P14377|Myrotvorets ID]], [[:d:Property:P14378|‎Irish State Administration Database Unit ID]], [[:d:Property:P14379|Hessische Parlamentarismusgeschichte Abgeordneten-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14380|YouPorn performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14381|‎GFMIS Agency Code]], [[:d:Property:P14382|‎Royal Australian Air Force service number]], [[:d:Property:P14383|‎Plataforma Acácia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14384|‎Observatório Terras Quilombolas ID]], [[:d:Property:P14385|BIOSOP ID]], [[:d:Property:P14386|BIOKAND ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/(found) liable of|(found) liable of]] (<nowiki>tort or civil wrong a person or organization was found liable of</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DMCA takedown policy URL|DMCA takedown policy URL]] (<nowiki>DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) takedown policy or submitting page of this hosting site or UGC (User Generated Content) distributor</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/18 U.S.C. § 2257 policy URL|18 U.S.C. § 2257 policy URL]] (<nowiki>age requirement documentation URL statement of this website or company</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/monolingual text name properties|monolingual text name properties]] (<nowiki>(with an associated language code) name by which a subject is recorded in a database, mentioned as a contributor of a work, or is referred to in a particular context</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gidrologicheskaya Izuchennost Code|Gidrologicheskaya Izuchennost Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/QBWiki article ID|QBWiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dijital İstanbul ID|Dijital İstanbul ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NaPTAN stop area code|NaPTAN stop area code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Cairn d'un éditeur|Identifiant Cairn d'un éditeur]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Darwin Correspondence person ID|Darwin Correspondence person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ACM Digital Library institution ID|ACM Digital Library institution ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SensCritique person ID|SensCritique person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ National Archives of Japan Digital Archive ID| National Archives of Japan Digital Archive ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VGs drapsoversikt ID|VGs drapsoversikt ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Semanticscience Integrated Ontology ID|Semanticscience Integrated Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Senkyo.com|Senkyo.com]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Objectif plumes author pages|Objectif plumes author pages]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Maoyan personage ID|Maoyan personage ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/critify.de publication ID|critify.de publication ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BookNotification author ID|BookNotification author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/MR9w Script style of manuscript Qur'ans] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Early_Modern_Silesia|Early Modern Silesia]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Tango|Tango]] * WikiProject Highlights: WikiProject Ontology has gathered a [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course/Projects_Offering_2|list of potential projects]] for the second offering of the Wikidata Ontology course, and has published a subpage to discuss the future of [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Status_of_Ontology_Classes_and_Properties|Ontology Classes and Properties]]. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/unmarked_supercentenarians|Unmarked Supercentenarians]] - this list displays humans who do not have a claim ''supercentenarian (Q1200828)'' (or ''alleged supercentenarian (Q106991708)''), but the difference between their Date of Birth and Date of Death is greater than 110 years. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q174284|Raiders of the Lost Ark]] - a 1981 film directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Harrison Ford, Karen Allen, and John Rhys-Davies. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L2205|gje (L2205)]] - Norwegian verb (jeː) meaning "to give", "to perform/hold", or "to diminish in strength" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We continued fixing issues uncovered in testing * WikiProjects: We are working on adding links to the sidebar of Items to lead people to the respective WikiProjects for that Item. This way we hope to help people more easily find data modelling documentation as well as other editors interested in the same topic. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:51, 4 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30424079 --> == Tech News: 2026-19 == <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:40, 4 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:53, 11 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30513945 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IV, April 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: How the GLAM Community Can Shine in the 2026–27 Annual Plan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: WikiConf Argentina and GLAM projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Documenting and citing oral knowledge in audio and video * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiCon Australia, ICIP, Orphan works and Trans-Tasman partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia Brasil publishes book on the power and challenges of free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We celebrate Public Domain Day with an expert panel / Celebramos el día del dominio público con un Panel de expertas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ongoing and New GLAM-Wiki Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime event at Auckland Museum & an update for WiR NZBSI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD in Action: Digitization, Wikisource and Educational Workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Developments: Residencies, Partnerships and Audiovisual Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: April in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Le Donne di Villa Massimo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A tenth-century Quran and Islamic Art in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki MIT launches and US meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Update on the BHL Annual Meeting 27 April - 1 May & BHL Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Eight new articles on MoW inscriptions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:51, 11 May 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30513880 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #731 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-11. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#730]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/AAU_Research_NLP_Bot,_1|AAU Research NLP Bot 1]] - Task(s): Querying Wikidata for entities and relations and paths between them. From 1-hop until 3-hops. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:User:MarisDreshmanisBot|MarisDreshmanisBot]] (formerly ''ReNeuralAgent Bot'') has been approved after a community intervention, see the discussion [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot#Maris_Dreshmanis_—_ReNeuralAgent|here]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** '''[[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProjects Days 2026]]''' will take place between '''19 - 21 June'''.<br>WikiProjects are crucial to improving data quality and onboarding newcomers to specific areas of Wikidata. This event is the place for all editors to discover WikiProjects, find ones to join, learn about their modelling practices and how to improve the content and tools of your favourite WikiProjects. '''[[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|Register here]]''' to get any news or updates about this new Wikidata X Days event. The '''Call for Proposals''' is open! If you have an idea for a session, please '''[[d:Event_talk:WikiProjects_Days_2026|submit it here]]''' by '''26 May'''. ** [[d:Event:Wikidata Live Editing 122|Wikidata Live Editing]], 11 May ** [https://ai-bridges.org/2026/02/13/symposium/ AI Bridges Symposium] is taking place at ''Senate House, University of London'' across 28 and 29 May. (Free) Registration for this on-site event closes 21 May. The event will begin with introductions to Wikidata, Wikibase, connecting AI with Wikidata and follow on day 2 bringing the full ecosystem together for dialogue, debate, and collaborative action. * Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Coordinate_Me_2026|Coordinate Me 2026]] - edit items with a [[d:Property:P625|P625 ''(coordinate location)'']] from the focus countries and be in the running for a prize. Ends 31 May 2026. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/08/building-wikimedia-tools-in-northern-nigeria-the-arewa-techcom-hackathon/ Building Wikimedia tools in Northern Nigeria: launch of Arewa TechCom through the Arewa Wikimedia Hackathon 2026] ** [https://addshore.com/tag/wikibase-world/ Editing wikibase.world (a MediaWiki site), with Jules (an AI agent)] by Addshore. ** [https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/libraries-ai-infrastructure-african-edition-stuart-michael-edelenbos-bsage/ Libraries as AI Infrastructure: The African Edition] - reflections on overlooked African contributions to linked data and AI infrastructure, highlighting Wikibase-powered projects African Literary Metadata (ALMEDA) and Nigeria’s Semantic Name Authority Recognition (SNAR). By Stuart Michael Edelenbos ** [https://www.tabakalera.eus/en/tabakalera-has-promoted-open-access-cultural-knowledge-linking-medialab-catalogue-wikidata Tabakalera promotes open access to cultural knowledge by linking their medialab catalogue to Wikidata] ** [https://blog.stoa.org/archives/4398 The Stoa: a Review for Digital Classics - report on Linked Pasts 11 - Epigraphic Data in Wikidata, from Ontology to Practice] ** [[Diffblog:technical-tinkering-for-commonsdb-at-the-wikimedia-hackathon/|Technical tinkering for CommonsDB at the WM Hackathon]] by Ainali. ** [https://www.ezrabrand.com/p/introducing-index-historical-jewish-figures Ezra Brand - Introducing a New Index of Biblical, Talmudic, and Medieval Jewish Figures] - Wikidata helps index and categorise Jewish figures into distinct periods. ** (Deutsch) [https://arthist.net/archive/52383 ArtHist: New Art-Historical Resource on the Web] and [https://blog.tib.eu/2026/05/11/eingepraegte-geschichte-das-meistersiegel-wiki-ist-online/ TIB Blog: Embossed story – the Meistersiegel-Wiki is online] are both articles about the new ''Meistersiegel'' Wikibase instance. * Papers: [https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/dco/issue/view/7602 Volume 12,2] of [[:d:Q130266048|Digital Classics Online]] contains many papers regarding the use Wikidata and Wikibase in the field of Classics: ** [https://doi.org/10.11588/dco.2026.12.112296 ''Hypotheseis, a Database of Named Entities Surrounding Greek Rhetorical Exercises''] by [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]] ** [https://doi.org/10.11588/dco.2026.12.112294 ''Altinum: a Wikidata Project for Digital Epigraphy and Prosopography''] by [[:d:User:Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini|Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini]] ** [https://doi.org/10.11588/dco.2026.12.112287 ''The NIKAW Project: An Infrastructure of Texts, Entities and Language Models to Study the Circulation of Knowledge in the Ancient World''] by [[:d:User:Ake1990|Margherita Fantoli]] * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGcTriZO6dA OpenDataDEx - Exploring Supreme Court Rulings in Wikidata], for The Knowledge Commons project. Try it out for yourself: [https://opendatadex.com/ Open Data Explorer] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGsdryuQwTI Wikidata: Introduction and Basics] - an introductory session provided by WMUG Uganda. ** (Arabic) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i67lJQfGPFg Introduction to Wikidata] hosted by Michel Bakhni for the channel: ''Wikimedia group for those interested in Islamic civilization'' * Presentations: ** (Deutsch) [[c:File:Wikidata_in_Museen,_Archiven_und_Bibliotheken.pdf|Wikidata in Museums, Archives and Libraries]] ** [[c:File:Wikicite_2025_white_paper_summary.pdf|White Paper (PDF) - Wikidata Days and Wikicite (2025)]] - Open bibliographic metadata in practice, what was learned in Bern and what libraries and the community can do next. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://opendatadex.com/ Open Data DEx Explorer] - ''"an interactive graph visualizer of semantic Open Data. Relationships are discovered heuristically and a graph structure created in real time, allowing navigation and insight into raw data without building formal ontologies."''Read more on [https://theknowledgecommons.org/ The Knowledge Commons blog], by Michelle Tomlyn. * [https://gapmap.wiki GapMap.Wiki] - explore knowledge gaps between different language Wikipedia's. GapMap identifies Wikipedia articles that exist in many languages but missing from the target, helping editors prioritize which articles to translate or create. No AI is used, just comparing publicly available databases. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editors can now edit all datatypes directly in the mobile view. To help improve this new interface, Wikimedia Deutschland is looking for volunteers (especially editors from Right-to-left languages) for UX testing sessions. Participants will be compensated for their time. Sign up [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here] (greatquestion) and learn more on the project page: [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14392|‎energy density]] (<nowiki>amount of energy extractable from a substance (e.g. in a combustion engine) per unit of volume or of mass</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14401|‎Parental Advisory System rating]] (<nowiki>content rating for coin-operated video games</nowiki>) * Newest External identifierss: [[:d:Property:P14388|Cyprus company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14389|‎DBNL title ID]], [[:d:Property:P14390|ShotOnWhat film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14391|‎Shinmei database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14394|‎ColBase ID]], [[:d:Property:P14395|Lubimyczytać version/edition ID]], [[:d:Property:P14396|Files of the Reich Chancellery ID]], [[:d:Property:P14397|‎Darwin Correspondence person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14399|‎Gidrologicheskaya Izuchennost Code]], [[:d:Property:P14403|‎Brew TV movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14404|National Archives of Japan Digital Archive ID]], [[:d:Property:P14405|PlayStation Trophies trophy ID]], [[:d:Property:P14406|Tax Identification Number (Spain)]], [[:d:Property:P14407|‎19star actor ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/concentration camp prisoner number|concentration camp prisoner number]] (<nowiki>registration or prisoner number assigned to a person in camps operated under Nazi persecution between 1933 and 1945</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck|ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Datenbank-ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck|Datenbank-ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Prime Video URL ID|Prime Video URL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Prime Video GTI|Prime Video GTI]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portable Antiquities Scheme record ID|Portable Antiquities Scheme record ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) éditeurice dans le DEF19 2.0|Identifiant d'un(e) éditeurice dans le DEF19 2.0]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple TV parson ID|Apple TV parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINEMATODAY film ID|CINEMATODAY film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Verfassungsblog author ID|Verfassungsblog author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Blätter author ID|Blätter author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EGAFD film ID|EGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Canadian Music artist ID|Museum of Canadian Music artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Canadian Music work ID|Museum of Canadian Music work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BGAFD film ID|BGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Movielens ID|Movielens ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Instrumentalistinnen-Lexikon ID|Instrumentalistinnen-Lexikon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/parliament.scot member ID|parliament.scot member ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Space/Queries#Astronauts_members_of_space_missions|Astronauts members of Space Missions]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Horse_racing/Queries#All_horses|All Horses in Wikidata]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Horse racing|Project Horse Racing]] : On topics relating to horse racing. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_William_%26_Mary_Law_School_EMCO|Project William & May Law School EMCO]] - to create and enhance entities for persons and corporate bodies related to the law school, for use in the library's metadata and archival work. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Part_2:_How_to_use_QuickStatements_3.0_to_upload_data_to_Wikidata_for_Govdirectory|Project GovDirectory: How to use QuickStatements 3.0 to add data to GovDir]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course/Projects_Offering_2/Modelling_Dictionary_Usage_Labels_in_Wikidata|Ontology Course: Projects Offering 2]] - Modelling Dictionary Usage Labels in Wikidata, Roots and Rhythms: Modelling music as cultural heritage. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q208108|Catch Me If You Can]] - a 2002 film by Steven Spielberg starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks. A dramatic re-telling of the life and exploits of serial confidence man Frank Abegnale Jr., ironically the events of the film were later found to be mostly fabricated. ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We are continuing to improve the UX and fix issues uncovered in testing * Making WikiProjects more visible: We are working on adding links to the sidebar menu of Items to make it easier for people to find the WikiProject(s) associated with an Item, find like-minded people and learn about data modelling conventions etc in that particular area * Query Service: The service is being hit quite heavily and the Wikidata Platform team is working on blocking scrapers and misbehaving tools * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing our experiment to further reduce the amount of Wikidata changes that show up on Recent changes and Watchlist but don't actually change the article. Specifically we are looking at checking if there is any difference in the rendered article before and after the change coming from Wikidata [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory|public universities]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:21, 11 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30513889 --> == Tech News: 2026-20 == <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:18, 11 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026 == [[File:Wiki Loves Eurovision edit-a-thon logo 2026.svg|right|250px]] Hello everyone! You are invited to participate in the "[[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|Wiki Loves Eurovision]]" article writing contest, where our goal is to create new Eurovision-related articles in the CEE-language Wikipedia editions and improve existing ones. The contest will take place from May 10 to June 10, 2026, and prizes are available: * 1st prize: a voucher worth €60 * 2nd prize: a voucher worth €50 * 3rd prize: a voucher worth €40 * 4th–10th prize: a voucher worth €30 To participate in the contest and learn more, please visit [[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|this link]]. --[[User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub]] ([[User talk:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|talk]]) 14:00, 16 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=30513878 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #732 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-18. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#731]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/PatsaBot 1|PatsaBot 1]] - '''Task/s:''' Add sitelink from [[Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Taxonomy/|Template:Taxonomy/*]] on thwiki to same entry from enwiki and update Thai description from generic template format to "แม่แบบอนุกรมวิธาน" (taxonomy template). **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/MarisDreshmanisBot 2|MarisDreshmanisBot 2]] - '''Task/s:''' Create occupation Q-items and add native-language labels on existing occupation Q-items from 33 state-issued national occupation classifiers (165 national registries, 154 countries, ~30,000 new Q-items, ~120,000 native labels across 53 languages). **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/ias-kbase|ias-kbase]] - '''Task/s:''' Read-only bulk entity lookups for an internal knowledge graph project. Fetches labels, claims, and sitelinks from Wikidata and intro-paragraph extracts from English Wikipedia. No writes. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Reminder: Propose a session for [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProject Days 2026]]. Your proposal can be just one or two sentences. Suggestions include topics on how to use WikiProjects to connect with others and improve data modelling, how to revive a neglected WikiProject, and what makes a good WikiProject. [[d:Event talk:WikiProjects Days 2026|Propose a session now]]. Deadline Sunday May 24. ** Wikimedia Indonesia is hosting the [[:c:Commons:Kompetisi Penyajian Data|2026 Data Visualization Competition]] from 10th to 31st May 2026. We welcome visualization and essay submissions from Indonesian participants on various topics ranging from Indonesian history to biological diversity. ** [[d:Event:Swedish online editathon 300|The three-hundred online Wikidata meetup in Swedish]], May 24 ** [https://www.gw.uni-hamburg.de/ueber-die-fakultaet/digital-humanities/dh-lab/veranstaltungen/26-05-27-hands-on-wiki.html Wikidata: An Open Knowledge Graph for Research and Beyond], a workshop on-site at the Digital Humanities Lab (C2003), University Hamburg, 27 May, 14:15 – 15:45 CEST. Registration (via link). ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://forum.mapillary.com/t/easy-way-to-add-imagery-to-wikipedia-and-wikidata-items-with-wikishootme-and-mapillary/10375 Easy way to add images to Wikipedia & Wikidata items, with WikiShootMe and Mapillary] * Papers: ** [https://www.jlis.it/index.php/jlis/article/view/698 ''Wikidata and authority files: reconciliation and cooperation procedures''] by [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]]: an overview of the interactions between Wikidata and library authority files and of the usage of Wikibase by library authority files up to July 2025 ** [https://www.jlis.it/index.php/jlis/article/view/675 ''Institutional practices in gender recording: an analysis of National Libraries''] by Novaes de Mendonça, and Ana Carolina Simionato Arakaki: contains references to Wikidata and its interconnection with library authority files ** [https://www.aidainformazioni.it/index.php/aidainformazioni/article/view/350 ''Modellizzazione delle conoscenze: Thesaurus Nuovo soggettario e Wikidata, due strumenti a confronto''] by [[:d:User:Elena Cencetti|Elena Cencetti]], Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo and [[:d:User:Elisabetta Viti2|Elisabetta Viti]] (in Italian): a detailed comparison of Wikidata and the [[:d:Q16583225|Nuovo soggettario Thesaurus]] as knowledge organization systems, with a case study regarding the reconciliation with Wikidata of a group of terms of the Nuovo soggettario Thesaurus regarding photography * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fubhBJGz6YQ Curating shared knowledge about artifacts on Wikidata] with Till Grallert, it explores how the Jarāʾid project used Wikidata to build a multilingual, open knowledge graph of pre-1930 Arabic periodicals. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_oAlLw5CHs LIVE Wikidata editing #122] with User:Ainali and User:Abbe98 do some live editing on Wikidata (in English), and discuss the thought process of what they are doing and why they do it. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIoQFWGDb90 Every Major Oil and Gas Pipeline in History Mapped] - a visualisation utilising Wikidata, OpenStreetmap, Wikipedia and Global Energy Monitor. *Presentations **[[c:File:Reseau_LGBTQI_2026_-_John_SAMUEL.pdf|La fabrique collective des histoires queer dans les communs numériques]]. Presentation by [[User:Jsamwrites|John Samuel]] and panel, 2e Rencontres du Reseau Jeune Recherche LGBTQI+, Université Lyon 1, 12 May 2026 ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://prop-explorer.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Property Explorer] is a tool by user Steven Liu. The tool is used for exploring Wikidata properties * [https://securitybaseline.eu securitybaseline] use Wikidata to get the domain names for institutions ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://maproulette.org/browse/challenges/55009 MapRoulette Challenge (Chile)]: Improve heritage-related items around Santiago, Chile, linking them to Wikidata and OpenStreetMap. * The Wikidata Platform team has published its [[D:Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/Backend_Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata_Query_Service/WDQS_Architecture_re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[D:Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/High-Impact_Use_Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[D:Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[D:Wikidata:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[D:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14408|contains cadastral area]] (<nowiki>cadastral area that is wholly or partly contained by a municipality</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14413|algebraic closure]] (<nowiki>‎algebraic closure of the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14414|real closure]] (<nowiki>real closure of the formally real field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14415|eusocial caste]] (<nowiki>specialized type of an eusocial animal</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14416|Wikimedia Commons content descriptor]] (<nowiki>Wikimedia Commons content descriptor which applies to this media file</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14424|‎time expansion]] (<nowiki>factor by which a recording's duration has been extended or compressed relative to the original real-time event, without pitch correction.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14425|‎SELL rating]] (<nowiki>French video game content rating (1999–2003)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14427|age requirement documentation URL]] (<nowiki>URL for a website's statement of compliance with U.S. legal record-keeping requirements related to visual depictions of actual sexually explicit conduct</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14430|maximum vehicle length]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized length for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14431|maximum vehicle width]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized width for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14432|maximum vehicle weight]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized weight (tonnage / gross vehicle weight) for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (load limit)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14433|maximum vehicle height]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized height for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (regulatory limit from signage)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14434|‎independent of theory]] (<nowiki>theory that proves neither this proposition nor its negation</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14453|‎gender-neutral form of label]] (<nowiki>form of name or title with no assumption of gender</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14457|subject named as (monolingual text)]] (<nowiki>with an associated language code) name by which a subject is recorded in a database, mentioned as a contributor of a work, or is referred to in a particular context</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14458|alternative name (monolingual text)]] (<nowiki>with an associated language code) qualifier for alternative name(s), given for a subject in a database entry, or preserved in references (even these are no longer the preferred name</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14460|‎CWSAC classification]] (<nowiki>Level of military significance for American Civil War battles as defined by the 1993 Civil War Sites Advisory Commission (CWSAC) report.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14465|DMCA takedown policy URL]] (<nowiki>DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) takedown policy or submitting page of this hosting site or UGC (User Generated Content) distributor</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14469|election result map]] (<nowiki>map that displays the result of this election</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14471|‎paid-up capital]] (<nowiki>portion of a company’s issued share capital that has been paid by shareholders</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14407|‎19star actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14409|ACM Digital Library institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P14410|Stockholm public transport stop ID]], [[:d:Property:P14411|Go2Senkyo.com politician ID]], [[:d:Property:P14412|SensCritique person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14417|Census of Italian Architecture since 1945]], [[:d:Property:P14418|CINEFOX film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14419|‎CINEFOX person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14420|Cultural heritage Database-ID in Lübeck]], [[:d:Property:P14422|Dijital İstanbul cultural property ID]], [[:d:Property:P14423|VG homicide ID]], [[:d:Property:P14426|Portable Antiquities Scheme record ID]], [[:d:Property:P14428|‎EGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14429|Cairn.info publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14435|‎BGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14436|‎Apple TV person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14437|Blätter author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14438|‎critify.de publication ID]], [[:d:Property:P14439|Semanticscience Integrated Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P14440|Prime Video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14442|Objectif plumes author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14443|‎Museum of Canadian Music artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14444|‎Museum of Canadian Music work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14445|Lübeck Culturul heritage ID]], [[:d:Property:P14446|Rhineland-Palatinate Cultural heritage ID]], [[:d:Property:P14447|DEF19 2.0 publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14449|MovieLens movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14450|Verfassungsblog author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14451|QueenBallers player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14452|NaPTAN stop area code]], [[:d:Property:P14459|CycleBase cyclist ID (new)]], [[:d:Property:P14461|‎Book Notification author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14462|‎Prime Video GTI]], [[:d:Property:P14463|‎parliament.scot member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14464|Instrumentalistinnen-Lexikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14468|Goodreads genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P14470|‎Giant Bomb Wiki ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to reviews: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/contributed to narrative universe|contributed to narrative universe]] (<nowiki>''(no English description proposed yet)''</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Grokipedia page title|Grokipedia page title]] (<nowiki>page title used in a Grokipedia article URL</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/especially|especially]] (<nowiki>qualifier for statements to refine a value that applies more generally, but applies especially to a more specific value; a more specific qualifier than "including" (P1012)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Common Vulnerability Scoring System score|Common Vulnerability Scoring System score]] (<nowiki>Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Depicts taxon|Depicts taxon]] (<nowiki>depicts taxon</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Still taken from the film|Still taken from the film]] (<nowiki>Still taken from the film</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/StaphBase ID|StaphBase ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Geohashing wiki page|Geohashing wiki page]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant d'un fonds au catalogue collectif de France|identifiant d'un fonds au catalogue collectif de France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oireachtas bill ID|Oireachtas bill ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Defense Technical Information Center Accession Number|Defense Technical Information Center Accession Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European System of Accounts ID (Germany)|European System of Accounts ID (Germany)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un éditeur sur OpenEdition|Identifiant d'un éditeur sur OpenEdition]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Natalie ID|Natalie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AV CHANNEL actress ID|AV CHANNEL actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mineral Resources Data System deposit ID|Mineral Resources Data System deposit ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikimedia Phabricator project|Wikimedia Phabricator project]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AWA artist ID|AWA artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten Music artist|Rakuten Music artist]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/recochoku artist ID|recochoku artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant AnnuSéries d'une série télévisée|identifiant AnnuSéries d'une série télévisée]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/NadJ Library of Congress occupations by Label and Lccn no.] ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Request_a_query&oldid=2492426393#Getting_'Subject_named_as'_qualifier source]) * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Malaysia/Activity/Datathon/Wiki_x_K-pop_2026:_Datathon|Project Malaysia / Wiki x K-pop 2026 Datathon]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Occupations/Roadmap|Project Occupations / Roadmap]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/SummerCoworking|Project LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group / SummerCoworking]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/children_of_dead_mothers|Children born after Mothers death date]] ''' Development ''' * Tighter connection of the Wikibase Ecosystem: We've been working on making it possible to use Wikidata Items (and later from other Wikibase instances) as values in statements on other Wikibase instances. You can now try it out on a demo system or set up your own test instance to give it a try. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikibaseug@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4RA5JQAJ5MUUDIVHGELWWE7OSSWXV5B/ More details in the announcement]. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are continuing the work on showing less irrelevant changes on recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co by trying to determine if an edit from Wikidata actually changed the rendered article or not * Mobile statement editing: ** We worked on reducing the load for users with limited data ** We are continuing to fix issues uncovered in testing * Making Wikiprojects more visible: We are getting ready for testing of the prototype. We'll be adding links to the respective Wikirojects on Item pages in the tools menu to make it easier for people to find the corresponding Wikiprojects. This is based on statements already on the Item such as specific external IDs. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:03, 18 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30539411 --> == Tech News: 2026-21 == <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:18, 18 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:05, 21 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == ''The Signpost'': 22 May 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/News and notes|Offline: Osama Khalid still in prison]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In the media|Indonesian editors, you shall return!]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Disinformation report|Who is a typical paid editor? Who are their typical clients?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Recent research|WikiLambda the Ultimate]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Traffic report|This is where I'll be, so heavenly, so come and dance with me Michael!]] * Forum: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Forum|WikiAnnotate: help us build a dataset of article quality evaluations]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In focus|Demystifying the 2026-27 Annual Plan]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Opinion|Wikipedia isn't a battleground. So why does it feel like one?]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Serendipity|Wikinews: Into the Wikiverse]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Special report|Wikimedia Foundation closes Wikinews after 21 years]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Community view|Wikipedia's traffic drop: more on languages and freshness]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Gallery|Earth Day and Mother's Day]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Comix|Brother, can you spare a page?]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 05:19, 22 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30513885 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as "The Forbidden Fruit"). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a "scientific fraud". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:32, 25 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #733 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-25. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#732]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Skolkoll-bot 1|Skolkoll-bot 1]] - '''Task(s)''': Adding Skolverket identifiers and source URLs to Swedish school items ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: Wikicafé May Edition: ''De Wikidata à Wikipédia abstraite : promesses et illusions du savoir structuré (From Wikidata to Abstract Wikipedia: Promises and Illusions of Structured Knowledge)'', Presentation by [[User:Jsamwrites|Jsamwrites]], [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1779793200 May 26, 2026 at 13:00] [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projet:Wikifier_la_science/WikiCaf%C3%A9s video link], organized by [[User:DMontagne en résidence|DMontagne en résidence]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Papers: [[:d:User:Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini|Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini]], [[:d:User:Pietro Ortimini|Pietro Ortimini]], and [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]], [https://www.saeg-papers.it/ultimo-fascicolo#h.6zzzvpg7mcw2 ''Wikibase and Wikidata for Greek and Latin Epigraphy: Modelling, Analysing, and Making Reusable Linked Open Data''] * Videos: [[:d:User:Digitalphilologist|Monica Berti]] and Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo, [https://github.com/SunoikisisDC/SunoikisisDC-2025-2026/wiki/Summer-2026-Session-5 ''Wikidata Queries for Greek and Latin Philology''] (SunoikisisDC, Summer 2026); [[:commons:File:SunoikisisDC Summer 2026 - Wikidata Queries for Greek and Latin Philology.pdf|slides on Commons]] + [https://www.youtube.com/live/HuFZNZ7E9pw video on Youtube]; for more information, cf. the WikiProjects [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Antiquity/Pauly-Wissowa|Antiquity/Pauly-Wissowa]] and [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject LAGL|LAGL]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://lexemap.toolforge.org/ LexeMap] - is a lexeme coverage mapper that audits Wikidata lexeme data across languages. It runs live SPARQL queries against Wikidata and cross-references against Wiktionary to identify gaps in lexicographical data. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Starting May 28, 2026, the <code>Special:EntityData</code> page will no longer support the PHP‑serialized format (e.g <code>.php</code> URLs). Affected requests will return HTTP errors. Please switch to a stable format like JSON (example: <code>Q42.json</code>). The change is already active on test and beta wikis. ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4SBS3PREJYEAVZU2JSV47ZJWOJJ7YM6/ full announcement]) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14475|‎SIK-ISEA document ID]], [[:d:Property:P14476|identifiant d'un fonds au catalogue collectif de France]], [[:d:Property:P14477|‎StaphBase ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PCBS Locality code|PCBS Locality code]] (<nowiki>Locality Code of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nameplate image|nameplate image]] (<nowiki>image of a name-plate or similar identifying plate of the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/photographer|photographer]] (<nowiki>photographer</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Bibliothèques patrimoniales de Paris|Identifiant Bibliothèques patrimoniales de Paris]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CUEAnexo|CUEAnexo]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia Católica Wikitólica ID|Enciclopedia Católica Wikitólica ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adult Film Database film series ID|Adult Film Database film series ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adult Film Database studio ID|Adult Film Database studio ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Satker ID|Satker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inaproc Instance ID|Inaproc Instance ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/British Libray catalogue ID|British Libray catalogue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swedish-Danish Dictionary ID|Swedish-Danish Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Roller-results.com skater ID|Roller-results.com skater ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://query.wikidata.org/#%23%20people%20born%20at%20sea%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fperson%20%3FpersonLabel%20%3FplaceLabel%20%3Fdob%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%3Fperson%20wdt%3AP19%20%3Fplace.%0A%20%7B%20%3Fplace%20wdt%3AP31%2Fwdt%3AP279*%20wd%3AQ165.%20%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fplace%20wdt%3AP31%2Fwdt%3AP279*%20wd%3AQ1229765.%20%7D%0A%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fperson%20wdt%3AP569%20%3Fdob.%20%7D%0A%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20%3Fdob%20%3FplaceLabel People born at the sea] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/832620159118385154 source]) * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Database_reports/Sitelinks_to_Wiktionary List of items with links to Wiktionary main space.] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66 Boeing(Q66)] ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We continued working on reducing the page size to make it easier on mobile data plans ** We are improving how error messages are shown * Making WikiProjects more visible: We are continuing the work on getting it ready for a first rollout. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:30, 25 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30560068 --> == Tech News: 2026-22 == <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:49, 25 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Umuganda"Rwandan community work".jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine. The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:55, 1 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #734 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-01. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#733]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/William Avery Bot 13|William Avery Bot 13]] - '''Task/s:''' ** Per [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-Limotecariu-20260524073600-Request_to_replace_Asturian_term_"*estauxunidense"_with_"d'Estaos_Xuníos"|Project Chat]], replace "''estauxunidense''" in Asturian descriptions with "''d'Estaos Xuníos''". Example manual edits [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q60842075&diff=prev&oldid=2496674720 here] and [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q20821183&diff=prev&oldid=2496674345 here]. ** Also adds a default label, per [[d:Help:Default values for labels and aliases#When should I use default values for labels and aliases?]] and remove redundant labels in the simplest cases. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://temporaerhaus.de/termine-und-oeffnungszeiten/ Temporaer Haus: OpenDataMonday], today, 1 June, 19:30 - 22:00 CEST, Augsburger Str. 23-25, 89231 Neu-Ulm. ** [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiKult_Netzwerktreffen_2026 WikiKult Netzwerktreffen 2026: “Wikidata in Kulturerbeinstitutionen”], 11-12th June, Wikimedia Deutschland. German-speaking event for people working with Wikidata in the cultural heritage sector. Open to experienced contributors and newcomers alike. ** [https://www.wikimedia.de/veranstaltungen/wikimedia-und-linked-open-data-im-glam-bereich-verankern/ Making Wikimedia and Linked Open Data Mainstream in GLAMs – The National Library of Wales Journey], 11 June 17:00 - 18:00 CEST, online (English with German translation) – Keynote by Jason Evans. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.zikg.eu/aktuelles/veranstaltungen/2026/podiumsdiskussion-wikibases-knowledge-graphs-und-wikidata Workshop // Wikibases, Knowledge Graphs und Wikidata], Tue 14 July, 10:00 - 13:00 CEST. Participation is for project members, Zentral Institut staff, and interested guests, on-site at Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte. See link for registration details. ** [https://mwsmigration.hypotheses.org/1115 Doing Migration History with Digital Methods: Beyond a Database - Wikibase as Research Infrastructure for Migration Prosopography] Summer University at the German Historical Institute Paris, 8, rue du Parc-Royal, 75003 Paris, 23 June 16:00 CEST. ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProjects Days 2026 - preparing the Program]] - watch this space next week for the first edition of the Event Program or [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|register]] to be notified of updates. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** ''[[d:User:Niryhpr/Behind_the_QIDs|Behind the QIDs]]'' by User:Niryhpr ** [https://cerlblog.wordpress.com/2026/06/01/improving-the-interconnection-between-wikidata-and-the-cerl-thesaurus/ ''Improving the interconnection between Wikidata and the CERL Thesaurus''] by [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]], also presented (in Italian) in Videos. ** [https://technology.inquirer.net/147036/digitally-mapping-the-philippines-historical-markers Digitally mapping the Philippines’ historical markers] by Eugene Alvin Villar. * Papers: ** [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32521446 A data-driven analysis of automotive model evolution and technological lineage using Wikidata and Python network visualization] by P. Trunova (2026). ** (Italiano) [https://journals.openedition.org/jtei/6987 De Catulo a Wikidata] by Nusch et al. (2026). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCoOIan3G9Y Adding lifting stones to Wikidata] - OSM for History Buffs ** (O'zbekcha) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AloZrt8HA2Q Participate in the Interlingual Relations Marathon and win!] - Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi (ukwiki) has over 12,000 articles missing a sitelink...time to change that. ** (Italiano) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bb_WYaz9eYw&t=12665s Wikidata and Library Catalogs: Building and Enabling a Digital Resources Network] by Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo * Presentations: ** ''[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikicafe-JohnSAMUEL.pdf De Wikidata à Wikipédia abstraite : promesses et illusions du savoir structuré] (From Wikidata to Abstract Wikipedia: Promises and Illusions of Structured Knowledge)'', Presentation by [[User:Jsamwrites|Jsamwrites]], May 26, 2026, [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projet:Wikifier_la_science/WikiCaf%C3%A9s Wikicafé May Edition], organized by [[User:DMontagne en résidence|DMontagne en résidence]]. ([https://www.canal-u.tv/chaines/callisto/de-wikidata-a-wikipedia-abstraite-promesses-et-illusions-du-savoir-structure video]) ** [https://zenodo.org/records/20409899 DARIAH-EU WG DHwiki - A first year of activity] by D. Lindemann and G. Candela (2026). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wdrc.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Recent Changes API]: This API lets you query Wikidata edits by either properties, or labels/aliases/descriptions/sitelinks. You can retrieve any changes, or specify added/changed/removed. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * On 31 May, item '''[[Q140000000]]''' ("Maxx", about a cinema in Delmenhorst, Germany) was created. * Feedback wanted: To support improving Wikidata integration on the Programs & Events Dashboard, the EduWiki Hub invites Wikidata organizers, trainers, and contributors to share suggestions on metrics, tracking features, and workflows you would like to see in the dashboard. In addition, try out the new Advanced Search share your thoughts on the Dashboard talk page. ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/BK5OBZPHZ7WDGTDPV6LNSLSEJRQLJMKT/ full announcement]) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: ** [[:d:Property:P14478|found liable for]] (<nowiki>tort or civil wrong a person or organization was found liable of</nowiki>) ** [[:d:Property:P14489|‎PCBS Locality code]] (<nowiki>Locality Code of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14479|AV CHANNEL actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14480|AWA artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14481|CUE/Anexo]], [[:d:Property:P14482|‎Defense Technical Information Center Accession Number]], [[:d:Property:P14483|Catholic Encyclopedia Wikitólica ID]], [[:d:Property:P14484|European System of Accounts ID (Germany)]], [[:d:Property:P14485|OpenEdition Publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14486|‎Mineral Resources Data System deposit ID]], [[:d:Property:P14487|‎Natalie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14488|‎Oireachtas bill ID]], [[:d:Property:P14490|Rakuten Music artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14491|recochoku artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14492|‎Adult Film Database film series ID]], [[:d:Property:P14493|‎Adult Film Database studio ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: ** [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/category's topic is member of the class|category's topic is member of the class]] (<nowiki>qualifier for use with {{p|14387}} and {{P|4224}} to describe certain sets of categories</nowiki>) ** [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons|applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons]] (<nowiki>the dataset associated with this external id usually contains data applicable to this other wikidata property</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/School ID of the Department of Education, Philippines|School ID of the Department of Education, Philippines]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Beeld en Geluid series identifier|Beeld en Geluid series identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DAM artist ID|DAM artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DAM song ID|DAM song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Joysound artist ID|Joysound artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Joysound song ID|Joysound song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/K-MIB performer ID|K-MIB performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DUGA actress ID|DUGA actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Chilean Museums Registry ID|Chilean Museums Registry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sokmil actress ID|Sokmil actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmmakers Person ID|Filmmakers Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Model Mayhem ID|Model Mayhem ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OCHA Place Code|OCHA Place Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lanka NGO Secretariat Registration Number|Sri Lanka NGO Secretariat Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lanka Company Registration Number|Sri Lanka Company Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AV CHANNEL director ID|AV CHANNEL director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DUGA director ID|DUGA director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AllMyLinks ID|AllMyLinks ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AV CHANNEL maker ID|AV CHANNEL maker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/thegamerdex.com game ID|thegamerdex.com game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MyDirtyHobby ID|MyDirtyHobby ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fontaines de Belgique ID|Fontaines de Belgique ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum fragrance ID|Wikiparfum fragrance ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Canadian Trademark Registration Number|Canadian Trademark Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DMM director ID|DMM director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pantheon.World ID|Pantheon.World ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/Pra Map of countries receiving the Nobel peace prize] ** * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Sri_Lanka|Project Sri Lanka]] for editors who would like to focus on adding materials for [[d:Q854|Sri Lanka <small>''(Q854)''</small>]]. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Cape_Verde|Project Govdirectory added Cape Verde subpage]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_P244_maintenance/Progress_tracker|Project P244 maintenance progress]] - a manually-updated progress tracker, is there a way to automate it? * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Identified_duplicates|Identified duplicates]] - this list shows items that most likely need merging but cannot due to conflicting sitelinks. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q140000000|Q140000000: Wikidata's 140 Millionth Item]] ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: ** We fixed how we handle statements with deleted Properties ([[phab:T402619]]) ** We improved the behaviour when using the browser's back button ([[phab:T414454]]) ** We continued working on improving the way error responses are shown ([[phab:T423613]]) ** We addressed issues found in testing * Improving the visibility of WikiProjects: We added support for finding the associated WikiProject of an Item based on statements on the Item * GraphQL: ** We are working on expanding the data available through search. Specifically we are including all Item data in search result nodes ([[phab:T427389]]) and extending the query by Item and Property value to return all Item data ([[phab:T416885]]) ** We are improving the documentation. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Nigeria|Nigeria]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:45, 1 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30605449 --> == This Month in Education: May 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 5 • May 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities|Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania|Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Debating free license in Brazil|Debating free license in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India|Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects|Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges|Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem|Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria|Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities|Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year|Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 16:53, 1 June 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30604297 --> == Tech News: 2026-23 == <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:05, 1 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:kr:주령구]])&#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata. L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 8 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30622359 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #735 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-08. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#734]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Mass-editing_policy|RfC: Mass editing policy]]: The community is currently voting on a proposed policy to regulate mass edits on Wikidata. More input is needed to reach a broad consensus. Please review the proposal and join the discussion/vote on the RFC page. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Sessions|'''WikiProjects Days 2026''' - see the first version of the program!]] The online event takes place during the weekend of June 19 - 21. [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|Register]] for updates and access links. ** [[d:Wikidata:Mezi bajty/Mezi bajty 0|Mezi bajty 0]] - meetup of the Czech Wikidata community in Prague and online, 10th June 17:00 - 19:00 CEST (in Czech, Slovak, English) ** [[m:Event:GND_(Gemeinsame_Normdatei)_SPARQL_Workshop|GND (Gemeinsame Normdatei) SPARQL Workshop|]], 17th July 17:00 - 19:30 CEST (in German) - workshop from the German National Library on use of their SPARQL-endpoint for the GND (Gemeinsamer Normdatei) national authority file for wikidata users and wikipedians. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.nfdi4objects.net/events/n4o_activity_20260818-CM26-RS_Wikidata/ Workshop: Make Research Software Findable using the Software Marketplace Wikidata] - August 18, 14:00 – 16:00 Uhr (CEST), Zoom-link on registration. ** '''[[D:Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_June_2026|Blazegraph Migration Office Hour (June session)]]''' will take place on Tuesday, 9 June 2026 (Tomorrow) at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781020800 16:00 UTC]. This office hour is focused on supporting the migration away from Blazegraph as the backend of WDQS. Whether you have questions, need clarification, or want to discuss how your use case may be affected. You can register for the session via [[D:Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_June_2026|the event page]]. In preparation, add questions, feedback, or migration-related support needs to [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours this etherpad]. * Ongoing: [[m:Event:Wiki_Loves_Pride/2026|Wiki Loves Pride 2026 (Meta)]] is ongoing and now has a dedicated Wikidata subpage: [[d:Event:Wiki_Loves_Pride_2026|Event: Wiki Loves Pride 2026]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** (日本語/Japanese) [https://note.com/shoku_pan_65/n/nc6a788a55c91 [Practice drill: SPARQL basics to make and learn - Let's master Wikidata Query Service] by Shoku_pan_65. Page offers AI translations. ** [https://rtnf.substack.com/p/behind-the-p812-academic-major-property Behind the &lt;P812: academic major&gt; Property] by rtnf. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/27/adding-visual-context-to-the-dagbanli-dictionary-how-the-university-of-ghana-hci-lab-dataset-powered-our-sentence-matching-system/ Adding Visual Context to the Dagbanli Dictionary: How the University of Ghana HCI Lab Dataset Powered our Sentence Matching System]. Diff post by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan. * Papers: ** [[m:Research:Newsletter/2026/May|Volume 16, Issue 5 of the Wikimedia Research Newsletter is out!]] - includes 7 papers on Wikidata topics. ** [https://academic.oup.com/database/article/doi/10.1093/database/baag030/8699725 Rosetta Statements: simplifying FAIR knowledge graph construction with a user-centred approach] - Vogt et al., (2026) ** (Русский/Russian) [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32579178 Automated Analysis and Visualization of Geographic Data on Global Volcanoes Based on the Wikidata Semantic Graph] - by Мария Паландер (2026). ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.02905 Speaker Mining: FAIR Data on Public Broadcasts for Question Answering] by Wittenborg et al., (2026) * Videos: ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9n8FH3dQ6o Wikidata for Climate Change, Wikipedia for Sustainable Futures] by Daniel Canedo, a workshop on using Wikidata to record linked open data from extreme weather events. ** (Svenska) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMKm7csn7SE Merge Wikidata samma som] by Magnus Sälgö. What to do when you find duplicate Wikidata Items pointing at the same location on OpenStreetMap. ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoKYp0o5ar4 EntreWikis - Hacerwiki: Progress of Free Knowledge Projects in Colombia] - Colombian Art in Open Data: training and infrastructure on Wikidata ** (Français) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhe3wJ46xo4 Wikidata for research and teaching] by Pascal Martinolli. Introduces Wikidata basics, SPARQL, practical examples of data visualisation, enriching research data and exploring the opportunities and limitations of linked open personal data. ** (Français) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4NQb0-pb_k Literature review: FAIR data sharing | FAIR Data Spring 2026] - [https://zenodo.org/records/20510911 Presentation slides], given by Adélie Ranville on their experiences organizing and sharing data using Zenodo, DOI, Zotero, Wikidata, and OpenRefine. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OR8_cD-p4ek Building a shared knowledge infrastructure: a federated wikibase for video and podcasts] hosted by Tim @BorgNetzWerk. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[m:AutosuggestSitelink|AutoSuggestSitelink]]: New features available. See the update post on [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-M2k~dewiki-20260528122200-AutosuggestSitelink:_New_features_available|Project Chat]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The WMF [[D:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|Wikidata pltaform team monthly newsletter (June edition)]] is out * [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/gender-diversity-in-french-wikipedias-occupation-a Gender diversity in French Wikipedia's occupation articles] * [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/gender-diversity-in-french-wikipedias-articles-abo Gender diversity in French Wikipedia's articles about fields of knowledge] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes:: **[[:d:Property:P14511|trailer of]] (<nowiki>works that this trailer video represents</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14516|‎EPBC conservation status]] (<nowiki>the conservation status from the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 assigned by the Australian Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14494|‎Joysound artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14495|‎Joysound song ID]], [[:d:Property:P14496|DUGA performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14497|Sri Lanka Company Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P14498|Wikimedia Phabricator project PHID]], [[:d:Property:P14499|‎Indonesian government work unit ID (satker ID)]], [[:d:Property:P14501|‎DAM artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14502|‎British Library catalogue ID]], [[:d:Property:P14503|‎OCHA Place Code]], [[:d:Property:P14504|Philippines ‎School ID]], [[:d:Property:P14505|‎Swedish-Danish Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14506|Filmmakers actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14507|Chilean Museums Registry ID]], [[:d:Property:P14508|Sri Lanka NGO Secretariat Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P14509|Beeld & Geluid series ID]], [[:d:Property:P14510|‎INAPROC instance ID (Indonesia)]], [[:d:Property:P14512|DUGA director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14513|AV CHANNEL maker ID]], [[:d:Property:P14514|AV CHANNEL director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14515|AllMyLinks ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons|applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons]] (<nowiki>the dataset associated with this external id usually contains data applicable to this other wikidata property</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IAU member ID (new)|IAU member ID (new)]] (<nowiki>ID of members in the [https://www.iau.org/IAU/Default.aspx International Astronomical Union (IAU)].</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/height above ground level|height above ground level]] (<nowiki>a property intended to indicate the height of any objects from the ground</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Storm intensity classification|Storm intensity classification]] (<nowiki>category assigned to a meteorological system according to an intensity or classification scale; the scale should be indicated with a qualifier (P1013 and P585)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/service status|service status]] (<nowiki>the operational status of something like ship or building</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PTS News Network topic ID|PTS News Network topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OTOTOY ID|OTOTOY ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant EU sanctions tracker|identifiant EU sanctions tracker]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenParlData ID|OpenParlData ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catholica.cz ID|Catholica.cz ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KSW person ID|KSW person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KSW organization ID|KSW organization ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KSW place ID|KSW place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Myludo ID|Myludo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans La Basa|Identifiant dans La Basa]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PurplePort ID|PurplePort ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sokmil idol ID|Sokmil idol ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hancinema company ID|Hancinema company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LinkMe ID|LinkMe ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Netmath Glossary ID|Netmath Glossary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sokmil director ID|Sokmil director ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/QjCT Table of civic tech organizations with details] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Civic_Tech/Query|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/QjCZ Timeline of legalisation of same-sex marriage] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LGBT/Queries#Timeline_of_legalization_of_same-sex_marriages|source]]) * Schema examples: [[d:Q139959656|Nazareth Padilla Montero <small>''(Q139959656)''</small>]] has been added as a showcase example of [[d:EntitySchema:E10|human (E10)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Civic_Tech|Project Civic Tech]] - for anyone developing datasets about civic resources in cities, and discuss best practices for Wikidata collaboration in civic tech. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_AI_Cleanup|Project AI Cleanup]] - for reporting, monitoring and combatting edits and contributions from LLM and AI sources. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Who_is_who_in_marine_taxonomy%3F|Project: Whos who in marine taxonomy?]] - inititated by the World Register of Marine Species ([https://www.marinespecies.org%7C WoRMS]), this project will document and enrich entities of the persons who have described marine species. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LGBT/Abstract_Wikipedia|Project LGBT]] added an Abstract Wikipedia subpage. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Roads/Greece/National_roads|Project Roads]] added a subpage for Greece National roads with highly-visual tables. ** [[d:Event:Wiki_x_K-pop_2026:_Datathon_2.0|Wiki x K-Pop datathon 2.0]] - there is still some work to do to reach the goal on modelling the album: BABYMONSTER. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Deleted_Wikidata_entities_used_in_SDC|Deleted Wikidata entities that are connected to Commons files structured data (SDC)]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L652968|kafuni]] - Dagbanli noun that translate to "fan" in English ''' Development ''' * The team was involved in workshops last week so there are no updates. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:54, 8 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30646984 --> == Tech News: 2026-24 == <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:27, 8 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue V, May 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: May Global GLAM Call Recording and June Call Announcement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating #1Lib1Ref Australasia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM Connection: Fashion, History, and Biodiversity in May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: New Wikimedian in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Connecting the Arctic and Sicily through Wikimedia Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How the cultural, governmental, educational, and museum sectors contributed in unison to Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Setting up your own platform (part 1): from wish to the creation of a wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ESEAP Conference 2026 and the NZBSI WiR update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Shares GLAM Experience at International Conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Partnerships, Participation, and Open Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: May in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: El Prado en femenino III * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum for Communication, Panel IMD, Wikipedia Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Early Qurans on the front page of Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: New tools for multilingual audio, video and metadata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:22, 12 June 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30636889 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 15 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30662919 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #736 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-15. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#735]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Request for comments: The discussion about reforming Wikidata's notability policy is ongoing. There is now a [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|new proposal waiting for your feedback]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[:wmau:WikiLoves_Pride_Australia_2026|WikiLoves Pride 2026]] - six fortnightly editing sessions to add, expand and translate LGBTQ+ content on the Wikimedia projects. ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProjects Days 2026]] is taking place this coming weekend, 19-21 June. Check out the daily program...<small>(click UTC for your local timezone)</small> *** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Friday,_June_19th|Day 1]] / Friday, 19.06, 17:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781888400 UTC] - 20:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781899200 UTC] *** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Saturday,_June_20th|Day 2]] / Saturday, 20.06, 10:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781949600 UTC] - 18:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781978400 UTC] *** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Sunday,_June_21st|Day 3]] / Sunday, 21.06, 14:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1782050400 UTC] - 18:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1782064800 UTC] ** Click here -> [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|Register]] <- for access links to the event. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: **[https://jsamwrites.substack.com/p/preserving-pride-across-languages Preserving Pride, Across Languages] : From Wikidata to Abstract Wikipedia: A New Way to Think About Knowledge ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/13/visibility-of-communities-in-nigeria-on-wikidata-2-0-expanding-digital-representation-for-nigerian-communities/ Visibility of Communities in Nigeria on Wikidata 2.0: Expanding Digital Representation for Nigerian Communities] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/14/the-years-first-quarter-with-the-igbo-wikimedians-user-group/ The Year’s First Quarter with the Igbo Wikimedians User Group] - Expanding partnerships and contributions to Wikidata, Wikipedia and other sister projects. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/13/introducing-the-wiki-afrodemics-mentorship-project-cohort-1/ Introducing the Wiki Afrodemics Mentorship Project Cohort 1] - A pan-african and guided multilingual training on Wikipedia editing, Wikidata contribution, and resource mobilisation. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/ Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community] - Improving the representation of women and cultural heritage in Igbo language on Wikidata, Wikipedia and Wikiquote. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/ A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration] - Celebrating and documenting women activists and politicians on Wikipedia and Wikidata. ** [https://www.botany.one/three-tools-that-bring-digital-botany-within-reach/ Three Tools that bring digital botany within reach] (spoiler: One of them is Wikidata) - article available in DE, ES, FR, JA, PT and ZH-CN. * Papers: [https://dhq.digitalhumanities.org/vol/20/1/000838/000838.html Open Tool Registries! Resolving the Directory Paradox with Wikidata] by Grallert et al., (2026). As digital humanities tools proliferate, this paper argues that Wikidata can help connect the research landscape by documenting, citing and connecting tool registries. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCoOIan3G9Y OSM / Lifting Stones in Wikidata] - a video tutorial on mapping lifting stones on OpenStreetMap, using two examples from County Kilkenny, Ireland. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LANzP0OUoZs Mapping Every Wonder on Earth] - animated visualisation of UNESCO World Heritage Sites recorded in Wikidata. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AY_gst9R3I4 2025: Tales of Discovery] - Museums and Heritage channel mentions how Wikidata is being used as a bridge between several sites and projects for 3D modelling ships, wrecks and other artifacts from maritime history. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncPqSIvDm-Q Mentor Me! Session 6] with Jinoy Tom Jacob, who will show us how to use OpenRefine to batch edit Wikidata and the Commons. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://bisikbekasi.rf.gd/index.php?page=item&id=L2 BisikBekasi] : Community-curated knowledge base where local data items [https://teletype.in/@hyloxira/qdyLFSX-1Px are integrated] with Wikidata items. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The [[mw:Growth/Feature_summary#NH|Newcomer Dashboard]] will be deployed to Wikidata pending on-wiki configuration by Admins. The dashboard aims to provide guidance, helpful links, and mentorship opportunities for new editors. * [https://viaacode.github.io/documentation-visualisations-guido-gezelle/ Guido Gezelle on Wikidata: networking in map] - this project created 5 visualisations produced from Wikidata on the poet Guido Gezelle. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14517|print matrix state]] (<nowiki>in printmaking, a stage of development of the relief matrix after a permanent modification</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14519|body modification]] (<nowiki>deliberate altering of the human anatomy for non-medical reasons that this person or fictional character has undergone</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14518|Roller-results.com skater ID]], [[:d:Property:P14520|Wikiparfum fragrance ID]], [[:d:Property:P14521|EU sanctions tracker subject ID]], [[:d:Property:P14522|Maoyan celebrity ID]], [[:d:Property:P14523|CINEMATODAY film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14524|DMM director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14525|Model Mayhem ID]], [[:d:Property:P14526|‎DAM song ID]], [[:d:Property:P14527|OpenParlData ID]], [[:d:Property:P14528|‎IAU member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14529|PurplePort ID]], [[:d:Property:P14530|LinkMe ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vistonline|Vistonline]] (<nowiki>Agenzia italiana di visti consolari e legalizzazione documenti, con sede a Roma</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Natural science/Taxon footprint|Natural science/Taxon footprint]] (<nowiki>Taxon footprint</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lanka Ministry of Education school census number|Sri Lanka Ministry of Education school census number]] (<nowiki>Unique identification number assigned to a school by the Ministry of Education of Sri Lanka, used in the annual school census and official examinations (G.C.E. O/L, A/L)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sport title|sport title]] (<nowiki>link to sport title (like master of sports or yokodzuna), besides chess and martial arts titles</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dual notion in category theory|dual notion in category theory]] (<nowiki>dual notion in category theory</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/penalty shootout kicked by|penalty shootout kicked by]] (<nowiki>Indicates the person who took an individual penalty kick during a penalty shoot-out.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Finnish educational institution ID|Finnish educational institution ID]] (<nowiki>Five-digit identification number for Finnish educational institutes assigned by Statistics Finland.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une personne sur ZicTrad|Identifiant d'une personne sur ZicTrad]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Skeivopedia ID|Skeivopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artistas Visuales Chilenos ID|Artistas Visuales Chilenos ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mathlib declaration ID|Mathlib declaration ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FES digital collections person ID|FES digital collections person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BBC Bitesize topic ID|BBC Bitesize topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026)|Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sceneweb artwork ID|Sceneweb artwork ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sceneweb production ID|Sceneweb production ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regjeringen.no government ID|regjeringen.no government ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regjeringen.no ministry ID|regjeringen.no ministry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regjeringen.no politician ID|regjeringen.no politician ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Maoyan film ID|Maoyan film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant livres-cinema.info d'un auteur|Identifiant livres-cinema.info d'un auteur]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Operator Code (UK)|National Operator Code (UK)]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Event:Wiki_x_K-pop_2026:_Datathon_3.0|Wiki x K-pop 2026: Datathon 3.0]] a.k.a the ICONIC BY MISTAKE EDITING party. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course/Projects_Offering_2/GLAM_Authority_Entity_Ontology_in_Wikidata|Ontology Course 2 / GLAM Authority Entity Ontology in Wikidata]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=thanks&user=&page=&excludetempacct=1&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B%5D=thanks&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist Thanks Log] - who's thanking who and on what. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q5020214|2026 FIFA World Cup (Q5020214)]] - in the United States, Mexico and Canada in 2026 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L720932|alikaali (L720932)]] - Dagbanli noun (derived from ha <--ar) which can mean soothsayer, judge or Muslim scholar ''' Development ''' * Ontology federation: The development team is looking for people to give feedback on the new feature that allows editors on other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata's Items as statement values. ([https://wikibase-federation.com more details]) * GraphQL: ** We extended the searchItems field so that developers can now get all Item data immediately from the search results ([[phab:T416885]]) ** We are working on the ability to get only best ranked statements ([[phab:T428138]]) * MCP: The Wikidata MCP has been extended. You can now also use an MCP for other Wikibase instances. ([[d:Wikidata:MCP#Wikibase MCP|more details]]) * Wikibase Cloud: We are looking into making it possible to log into Wikibase Cloud instances with your Wikidata account to make it easier for Wikimedians to contribute on Cloud instances. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are planning the migration of the entity usage table to a new database cluster to handle increased usage of Wikidata's data across the Wikimedia projects. ** We are continuing our work to decrease the number of irrelevant changes coming from Wikidata that show up in Wikipedia's recent changes and watchlist. Specifically we are evaluating a prototype that looks at the rendered article before and after the change and determines if anything actually changed in the article before adding an entry to recent changes and watchlist. * Mobile editing of statements: ** We are improving support for RTL languages.([[phab:T360854]], [[phab:T427655]], [[phab:T427658]], [[phab:T427661]], [[phab:T428246]]) ** We started fixing multiple UI layout and spacing issues, including mandatory fields, value fields, snak types, references, and add-statement button usability ([[phab:T428766]], [[phab:T428761]], [[phab:T428759]], [[phab:T428450]]) ** We are improving the server-side rendering ([[phab:T409827]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 15 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30669932 --> == Tech News: 2026-25 == <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 15 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 June 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * From the editors: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/From the editors|Ways for beginners to support ''The Signpost'' community journalism]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/News and notes|Community Tech development team disbanded]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Disinformation report|PR for the people?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Recent research|Proposed tagging system for AI involvement; successful and unsuccessful AI tools for contributors]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In the media|Who won a 14th century battle and who won the 2026 Iran war?]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Community view|Putting the Wish into the Wishlist]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In focus|A global standard for Neutral Point of View]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/On the bright side|Flowers, blue helmets, reefs, pride, and Juneteenth]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Op-ed|Breathe, Don’t Panic, there is a different story about Wikimedia + AI futures]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Opinion|Wikimedia Foundation staff develop union and Wikimedia user community reacts]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Technology report|Community Tech team is disbanded, controversy erupts]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Traffic report|'Cause this is thriller, thriller night]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/WikiConference report|Report of Volunteer Supporters Network Annual Meeting 2026]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Comix|Take your turn]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Humour|Group of banned T-shirt makers comes out of hiding to sell new Wikipedia-themed merchandise]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 03:21, 21 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30604303 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:52, 22 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #736 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-22. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#736]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Ziv|Ziv]] - RfP scheduled to end after 24 June 2026 19:26 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Nabbot_1|Nabbot 1]] - Task: Adding Turkish descriptions for scientific articles ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ Wikimania 2026 program] has been revealed, go bookmark your favourite sessions. ** [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdneBEtREhStI9VLsTJ9xKKt9L4NEU_BSr297jdOjNTkQJ64A/viewform?pli=1 Physical Training; Improving Health Articles in Africa] - 21 June, 10:00, University of Ibadan. ** The [[m:WikiIndaba_conference_2026|WikiIndaba Call for Proposals ends June 30th]] - don't forget to submit your Wikidata-sessions. ** Sessions of the WikiProjects Days 2026 event will shortly be available on Commons: [[c:Category:Wikidata_WikiProjects_Days_2026_presentations|Presentations]] / [[c:Category:Wikidata_WikiProjects_Days_2026_videos|Videos]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://talk.tiddlywiki.org/t/wikitiddler-tiddlywiki-as-a-live-wikidata-frontend-zero-hosting-auto-updating/15419 WikiTiddler; Tiddlywiki as a live Wikidata frontend] - if you run a TiddlyWiki instance, you can now run queries to the Wikidata Query Service and convert the results to Tiddlers. ** [https://blog.tib.eu/2026/06/19/what-do-we-mean-when-we-talk-about-ai-and-open-knowledge/ TIB: What do we mean when we talk about AI and open knowledge?] - Lozana Rossenova details their experiences at the AI+Bridges Symposium. * Papers: ** [https://www.elgaronline.com/monobook/book/9781035353750/9781035353750.xml How to use Wikibase for Mixed-Methods Research], a book published by F. Bailo, E. Booth, and J. Williams ** [https://zenodo.org/records/20693572 Wikimedia as a Platform for Evidence Synthesis: Quantifying Bias and Literature Coverage in Crowd-Sourced Knowledge Graphs] by D. Mietchen, and J. Dearborn, (2026). ** [https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/14/12/2227 From Wikidata to Smart Tourism: A Reproducible Pipeline Based on AI and Fuzzy Logic for Interpretable Multi-Category Classification of Points of Interest] - This paper develops a reproducible pipeline that converts Wikidata POIs into an interpretable tourism taxonomy, enabling multi-category classification and personalized smart tourism applications. By Kontogianni et al., (2026) * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKIVrRgLQ6w Name Suggestion Index Explained: How OpenStreetMap Standardizes Brands] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_MbZtO2Q2U0 EMCO Wikidata CoP meeting (2026-06-04)] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsBMBpc05sQ Using the Duplicity and WD Fist Tools to edit Wikidata] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkFuyX605nU Unlocking Data through Semantic Linking], presented at ENDORSE 2025 by Thora Hagen. Experiences using 19th-century German encyclopedias, demonstrating how semantic enrichment via Wikidata can reveal fascinating patterns. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9M4mIP0mZg From your pocket to the knowledge graph: SquirrelBase] is a Wikibase instance that functions as a semantic metadata and reference platform. Make 3D smartphone captures of cultural assets, artworks, and ephemeral structures FAIR. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://multilingualprogramming.github.io/MotusArtium/ MotusArtium] : Wikidata GraphQL showcase application for exploring and understanding art movements (alpha version). [https://github.com/multilingualprogramming/MotusArtium/tree/main/graphql GraphQL queries used] * As seen during WikiProjects Days 2026 - [[d:Wikidata:Tools/Enhance_user_interface#Userscripts_for_improving_data_quality|Classification.js]], visualise parent classes and identify incorrections, detect superclass tree loops. To use, click ''Activate'' and copy the two lines into your Common.js page. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Reminder: Try Ontology Federation to import Items from Wikidata to your Wikibase instance. Share your feedback in the linked survey. ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikibaseug@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LOTFJGPF7V6SQ7KVE6P6RF5MDDBZBV5Q/ full announcement]) * A session at WikiProjects Days 2026 was devoted to general-purpose tools for WikiProjects. A new page under the main Wikidata tools page was created with a list and description of these tools. Take a look at [[d:Wikidata:Tools/WikiProjects|Wikidata:Tools/WikiProjects]] and add any missing tools. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14531|meteorological intensity classification]] (<nowiki>category assigned to a meteorological system according to an intensity or classification scale; the scale should be indicated with a qualifier (P1013 and P585)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14539|perfumer]] (<nowiki>person who created a perfume</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14540|‎dual notion (category theory)]] (<nowiki>dual of the concept in category theory</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14532|catholica.cz ID]], [[:d:Property:P14533|‎Skeivopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14534|Mathlib Declaration ID]], [[:d:Property:P14535|Annuséries series ID]], [[:d:Property:P14536|FES digital collections person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14537|‎BBC Bitesize topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14538|Sri Lanka Ministry of Education school census number]], [[:d:Property:P14541|Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026)]], [[:d:Property:P14542|OTOTOY artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14543|livres-cinema.info author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Visual style|Visual style]] (<nowiki>the visual style used in a video game (or other creative work)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gmedia rating (video games)|Gmedia rating (video games)]] (<nowiki>Video game ratings of the Saudi Arabian rating system ({{Q|Q28717438}})</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/altinget.se person ID|altinget.se person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Il cinema ritrovato film ID|Il cinema ritrovato film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stockholm Archipelago Trail ID|Stockholm Archipelago Trail ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/some properties for category theory|some properties for category theory]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Farzonagon ID|Farzonagon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TV Guide film ID|TV Guide film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd Writer ID|Letterboxd Writer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/d Hits artist ID|d Hits artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/1SCREEN Person ID|1SCREEN Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/1SCREEN movie ID|1SCREEN movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fantia ID|Fantia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/17LIVE ID|17LIVE ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CFLapedia player ID|CFLapedia player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Model-Kartei.de ID|Model-Kartei.de ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/U-NEXT Parson ID|U-NEXT Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/U-NEXT Video ID|U-NEXT Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/H-NEXT Parson ID|H-NEXT Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ABEMA Video ID|ABEMA Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FOD Parson ID|FOD Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LRT topic ID|LRT topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FOD Video ID|FOD Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jiji Press Member of Parliament ID|Jiji Press Member of Parliament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wildenstein Plattner Institute ID|Wildenstein Plattner Institute ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/belarusenc.by ID|belarusenc.by ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Huellas Digitales de la Memoria ID|Huellas Digitales de la Memoria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/socrealizm.com.ua person ID|socrealizm.com.ua person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pacelli edition person ID|Pacelli edition person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument number|Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Writing Systems Technical Resources script code|Writing Systems Technical Resources script code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Répertoire des films classés film ID|Répertoire des films classés film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Fine Arts, Houston person ID|Museum of Fine Arts, Houston person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lankan Parliament member ID|Sri Lankan Parliament member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kanal Architecture entry ID|Kanal Architecture entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Web The Television Parson ID|Web The Television Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Web The Television Work ID|Web The Television Work ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q11446|ship (Q11446)]] - large buoyant watercraft ''' Development ''' * We enabled links to WikiProjects in the sidebar and added links to WikiProjects Music, Medicine, Datasets, sum of all paintings, and elections ([[phab:T422935|T422935]], [[phab:T422935|T422935]]) * We added a floating “add statement” button that makes it easier to add statements without looking through the existing statements ([[phab:T417641|T417641]], [[phab:T428450|T428450]]). * We’re working on making sure that users can tell when statements exist before they add new ones ([[phab:T424009|T424009]]). * We made some layout fixes to wbui2025 / MEX ([[phab:T428766|T428766]], [[phab:T428761|T428761]], [[phab:T428759|T428759]], [[phab:T427658|T427658]], [[phab:T428853|T428853]]). * We refactored error handling ([[phab:T423613|T423613]]). * We’re refactoring the server-side rendering so we don’t need separate .less style files ([[phab:T409827|T409827]]). * We’re working on the interaction between scrollable values and indicator icons ([[phab:T425974|T425974]]). [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:32, 22 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30669932 --> == Tech News: 2026-26 == <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:02, 23 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == June 2026 CEE Newsletter is out == Dear all, The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/June_2026 June 2026 issue] of the CEE Newsletter has been published. After a three years of being an editor of the Newsletter, this will be my last issue. Over the years, I've been putting on multiple hats and now is time to take one off. I would like to share many thanks to everyone I had the honor of collaborating with. Many of you are not only readers, but also authors. It was always a great joy to read all the amazing stories from all around the region, you are the ones making this newsletter special. '''Read the full newsletter [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/June_2026 here].''' As always, we have prepared a [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/June_2026/ru Russian version] of the same issue. Happy reading! Take care, Jan --[[User:Janbery|janbery]] ([[User talk:Janbery|talk]]) 14:03, 26 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Janbery@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=30548854 --> == This Month in Education: June 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 6 • June 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement|Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026|Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries|Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education|Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite|Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo|Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives|Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana|Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina|"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities|Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026|Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program|From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter|EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography|Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes|Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda|Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 04:15, 28 June 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30725833 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div>--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:44, 29 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Tech News: 2026-27 == <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:45, 29 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #738 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-29. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#737]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/TopDevsBot|TopDevsBot]] - Task/s: Create new items for software-development, design, and consulting companies from source data: topdevs.ai ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/SonalBot|SonalBot]] - Task/s: Reference Gardener (archive dead reference links) + Welcome Bot (welcome new users) * New request for comments: [[c:Commons:Requests_for_comment/Policy_update_for_AI_content|WM Commons: Policy update for AI content]] - this RfC will seek opinions on the use and allowance of AI-generated and modified content. This can have downstream impacts on Wikidata. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[:meta:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikidata Taiwan/2026年7月嘉義維基媒體街景踏查團暨工作坊|2026 Chiayi Streetview Workshop]] July 13 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at Tâi-uân tôo-su-sik, Chiayi, Taiwan. ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #90 July 13 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://blog.lobid.org/2026/06/23/nwbib-wikipedia-bot.html Lobid Blog: NWBibBot – Making a regional bibliography visible in Wikipedia with help from Wikidata] ** [https://tech-news.wikimedia.de/2026/06/24/knowledge-wants-to-be-found/ Tech News (WMDE) Knowledge wants to be found] - We interview Tim Wittenborg about the [https://en.borgnetzwerk.org/ WissKomm Wiki], from the Leibniz Information Center for Science and Technology in TIB Hannover. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/29/bridging-open-knowledge-and-digital-rights-reflections-from-drif-2026-and-the-wikimedia-community/ Bridging Open Knowledge And Digital Rights: Reflections From DRIF 2026 And The Wikimedia Community] * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.27933v1 MathModDB: A Database for Mathematical Models] - The Mathematical Models Database (MathModDB), deployed on the MaRDI Portal within Germany’s National Research Data Infrastructure, provides researchers with a curated knowledge graph that organizes scattered mathematical models, formulas, and assumptions, connects to related tools like MathAlgoDB and MaRDMO, and demonstrates practical use through cases such as plasma physics modeling. By Fiedler et al., (2026) * Videos: ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Sessions|WikiProjects Days 2026 - recordings now on Commons]], if you missed the event or want to recap what was discussed, individual session recordings are now available from the Event program. ** [[commons:File:Jason Evans, "Making Wikimedia and Linked Open Data Mainstream in GLAMs – The National Library of Wales Journey".webm|Jason Evans: Making Wikimedia and Linked Open Data Mainstream in GLAMs – The National Library of Wales Journey]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://cyllchuesnconii.rf.gd/panoply/?id=8 Altilunium Panoply] : A lightweight Wikibase alternative for creating collaborative knowledge bases, written as [https://github.com/altilunium/panoply a single PHP file] with no dependencies. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2027/Call for expressions of interest to host|Call for local partners: WikidataCon 2027]]: Planning is underway for the next hybrid WikidataCon, and Wikimedia Deutschland is seeking a local affiliate to co-organize the on-site event. Expressions of Interest are due by 13 July. A Q&A clinic will be held on 1 July at 15:00 UTC ([https://bbb.wikipedia.de/rooms/plp-qml-xrj-9ib/ join here]). * [[mw:Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are now available at Wikidata. This update enables access to Mentorship, Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14544|‎Taiwan Central News Agency news topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14545|‎Stockholm Archipelago Trail ID]], [[:d:Property:P14546|‎Sceneweb artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P14547|‎Sceneweb production ID]], [[:d:Property:P14548|Fantia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14549|Finnish educational institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P14550|‎altinget.se person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14551|Il cinema ritrovato film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14552|TV Guide film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14553|FOD person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14554|LRT topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14555|Jiji Press Member of Parliament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14556|Huellas Digitales de la Memoria ID]], [[:d:Property:P14557|Museum of Fine Arts, Houston person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/subdiscipline of|subdiscipline of]] (<nowiki>less specific academic discipline</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has garden|has garden]] (<nowiki>Object is a {{Q|1107656}} related to this {{Q|16222597}}</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ranking by|ranking by]] (<nowiki>issuer of a ranking</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/linguistic group|linguistic group]] (<nowiki>group of people who share the same language, regardless of their ancestry or ethnicity</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pure Adult actress ID|Pure Adult actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Taiwan Central News Agency News tag id|Taiwan Central News Agency News tag id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pure Adult studio ID|Pure Adult studio ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Natural science/GBIF taxon ID|Natural science/GBIF taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digitaler Portraitindex person ID|Digitaler Portraitindex person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/torial ID|torial ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa ID|Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pontifical Urbaniana University ID|Pontifical Urbaniana University ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Samtrafiken-vehicle-id|Samtrafiken-vehicle-id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sundsvall Municipality opendata ID|Sundsvall Municipality opendata ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nakamura Kikaku ID|Nakamura Kikaku ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KBS News topic ID|KBS News topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GIGA actress ID|GIGA actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Zen Pictures actress ID|Zen Pictures actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une personne sur Autoroc|Identifiant d'une personne sur Autoroc]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/La Grange ID|La Grange ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten Books author ID|Rakuten Books author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/RtYx Roles and contributions of ? in Fictional Universes and Media franchises] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Jheald-20260627104200-Fantastoria-20260627091900|source]]) * Schema examples: it's World Cup time so here's 2 soccer/football-related EntitySchemas. ** [[d:EntitySchema:E404|E404:Swedish Soccer Player]] and [[d:EntitySchema:E183|E183:Chilean Women's Football Players]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Logic|WikiProject Logic]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Roots_and_Rhythms|WikiProject Roots and Rhythms]] * WikiProject Highlights: GovDirectory has opened a [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Madagascar|Madagascar]] page. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q615|Lionel Messi]] - 6 World Cups, scoring in the last 7 consecutive matches. ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are continuing to evaluate the prototype for reducing the number of unnecessary edits from Wikidata that show up in watchlist and recent changes of Wikipedia and co. The approach is to look at the diff of the rendered article before and after the change from Wikidata is made. If there is no difference then the change is probably not relevant for that article. We are collecting a sample to further understand how it performs. ** To continue to address Wikidata's scaling issues, we are planning the migration of entity usage tables to the X1 cluster. * Mobile editing of statements: ** We implemented more feedback from testing of the new mobile front-end. Specifically we worked on making it clearer when a statements already exist that the editor is trying to add to the Item. ** Additionally, we made minor improvements to the look and feel of the mobile front-end. * REST API: ** REST search routes now take apihighlimits right into account ([[phab:T428032]]) ** We are starting to work on Lexeme support ([[phab:T429572]], [[phab:T429332]]) * GraphQL: ** We added support for requesting “best statements” for a given Property ([[phab:T428138]]) ** We are working on adding support for negation in Property value pair filters ([[phab:T429580]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Poland|Poland]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:51, 29 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30720282 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:35, 6 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Tech News: 2026-28 == <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:54, 6 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #739 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-07-06. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#738]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Interface administrator/1Veertje|1Veertje]] - '''Closed as Successful''' **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Ziv|Ziv]] - '''Closed as Successful''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/gov-wikidata-match 1|gov-wikidata-match 1]] - '''Task/s:''' Link existing GOV (historical gazetteer) building-like objects to existing Wikidata building-like objects. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AgenticCommonsBot 1|AgenticCommonsBot 1]] - '''Task/s:''' Add [[Property:P648|Open Library ID <small>(P648)</small>]] (OpenLibrary author ID) to Wikidata items about people, only where the OpenLibrary author and the Wikidata person have been confirmed to be the same individual, with a source on every statement. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/JigildikBot|JigildikBot]] - '''Approved''' **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/SonalBot|SonalBot]] - '''Approved''' **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/ias-kbase|ias-kbase]] - '''Approved''' ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The Wikidata Platform (WDP) [[D:Event:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours - July 2026|monthly office hour]] takes place '''tomorrow''', {{zonestamp|2026-07-07 16:00|7th July at 16:00 UTC}}. These office hours are focus on the Blazegraph migration work, and the team is inviting all community members to join the discussion. ''Register via [[D:Event:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours - July 2026|the event page]]'' ** The next Wikidata+Wikibase office hours will take place on Wednesday, 18:00 CEST (in your [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1783526400/1783530000?zdl=fU_LqsJADP2a6SZwqXMf9C66UEHQpSiu4zR2otNMnUkX_r2jG8GFEEjCeXDOlELrVcdsvufGrsro10BlnSOL86jlXNNyG-vz7x772XX7s7s0K819JThQe-ALd6gIxv7B4zliJoinEzsCH6dUdZRd4lE5SrsfXRxY-ifzowyiwIE6odzhzdglNOphM4Ub2LpIjG1mTYlc17CgFFiM_QcWUE8v7x0F6hMOUHqIUKhCdPjM8Y7cAQ timezone]), 08th July 2026 in the Wikidata Telegram group. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[m:Event:WMUK_Sandbox_Sessions/Improving_Wikidata_References:_The_Reference_Validator_Tool|Sandbox sessions: Wikidata Reference Validator Tool - improving Wikidata references]] - Aug 15, 17:00 - 18:00 UTC. ** [https://wikiedu.org/courses/documenting-america-wikidata/ Wiki Education + AASLH: Documenting America with Wikidata], a collaboration between Wiki Education and the American Association for State and Local History is offering six hour-long meetings held weekly to introduce attendees to Wikidata and improve content for Wikidata and Wikipedia on American history. Registration ends: July 17, 23:59 Pacific Time (PT) ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: (fr) [[:w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:RAW/2026-07-05#Le_point_sur_la_diversit%C3%A9_de_genre_dans_les_articles|Le point sur la diversité de genre dans les articles]] in *Regards sur l'actualité du mouvement Wikimedia* * Papers: ** Spatiotemporal-Heuristic A* Search for Pruning - Historical Influence and Succession Paths in Wikidata - [https://informatika.stei.itb.ac.id/~rinaldi.munir/Stmik/2025-2026/Makalah2026/13524106_Michael%20James%20Liman_Makalah%20Stima.pdf Paper], by Michael James Liman (2026). ** Wikontic: Constructing Wikidata-Aligned, Ontology-Aware Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models - [https://aclanthology.org/2026.eacl-long.388/ Paper] by Chepurova et al., (2026). * Videos: (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AL_pyY2PIOE Introduction to Wikidata] - Dr. Claudia De Souza and Prof. Dinah Wilson Fraites introduce Wikidata with Spanish-slides. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://zelph.org/ Zelph]: Offers powerful analysis capabilities for the complete Wikidata knowledge graph while remaining adaptable for any semantic domain. * [https://viz.luarai.com/worldcup-heights World Cup Heights]: An interactive data‑viz app that shows the heights of FIFA World Cup players, arranged so you can quickly compare teams, positions, and overall height distributions. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2027/Call for expressions of interest to host|Call for local partners: WikidataCon 2027]]: Planning is underway for the next hybrid WikidataCon, and Wikimedia Deutschland is seeking a local affiliate to co-organize the on-site event. Expressions of Interest are due by 13 July. * The Wikidata Platform team has published the [[D:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|8th issue of its monthly newsletter]]. This edition includes updates on the migration of WDQS backend away from Blazegraph, including a transition into the next phase '''Initial Implementation (pilot) phase''' following completion of the '''installation phase'''. This update also include some Documentation on Query Rewrites the team will like the Wikidata community and all WDQS users to help review and leave feedbacks. ''see [[D:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|WDP monthly newsletter]] for more details'' ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14559|prisoner number]] (<nowiki>number or identifier assigned to a prisoner, to be used as a qualifier for P2632 (place of detention)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14574|photographer]] (<nowiki>person who took this photograph</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14595|‎Gmedia rating (video games)]] (<nowiki>video game ratings of the Saudi Arabian rating system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14603|visual style]] (<nowiki>the visual style used in a video game (or other creative work)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14610|garden]] (<nowiki>garden of this subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14613|objects (category theory)]] (<nowiki>the precise objects of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14614|morphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise morphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14615|terminal object]] (<nowiki>the precise terminal object of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14616|initial object]] (<nowiki>the precise initial object of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14617|products (category theory)]] (<nowiki>the precise products of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14618|coproducts (category theory)]] (<nowiki>the precise coproducts of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14619|isomorphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise isomorphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14620|monomorphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise monomorphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14621|epimorphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise epimorphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14622|regular monomorphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise regular monomorphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14623|regular epimorphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise isomorphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14624|left adjoint]] (<nowiki>the left adjoint of the functor</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14625|enriched over]] (<nowiki>the base monoidal category, bicategory, etc. of the enriched category</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14626|monoidal category operation]] (<nowiki>the “tensor product” bifunctor of the monoidal category</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14627|2-morphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise 2-morphisms of the 2-category</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14635|taxon footprint]] (<nowiki>image of a footprint of this taxon</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14558|Sri Lankan Parliament member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14560|‎Taiwan Central News Agency news tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P14561|Model-Kartei.de ID]], [[:d:Property:P14562|Wildenstein Plattner Institute ID]], [[:d:Property:P14564|Web The Television work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14565|Web The Television person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14566|U-NEXT person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14567|U-NEXT video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14568|Sokmil director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14569|Sokmil idol ID]], [[:d:Property:P14570|socrealizm.com.ua person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14571|Répertoire des films classés film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14572|‎regjeringen.no ministry ID]], [[:d:Property:P14573|‎regjeringen.no politician ID]], [[:d:Property:P14575|Objectif plumes work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14576|National Operator Code (UK)]], [[:d:Property:P14577|‎Extended Defence of Britain Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14578|Pacelli edition person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14579|Myludo game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14580|MyDirtyHobby ID]], [[:d:Property:P14581|Maoyan film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14582|‎Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument number]], [[:d:Property:P14583|Letterboxd writer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14584|KSW organization ID]], [[:d:Property:P14585|KSW person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14586|KSW place ID]], [[:d:Property:P14587|1SCREEN movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14588|1SCREEN Person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14589|‎Artistas Visuales Chilenos propertyvalue ID]], [[:d:Property:P14590|‎Canadian Trademark Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P14591|occitanica.eu ID]], [[:d:Property:P14592|Hancinema company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14593|ZicTrad person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14594|H-NEXT Person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14596|FOD video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14597|Farzonagon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14598|d Hits artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14599|ABEMA video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14600|17LIVE ID]], [[:d:Property:P14604|‎regjeringen.no government ID]], [[:d:Property:P14605|Pure Adult actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14606|Pure Adult studio ID]], [[:d:Property:P14607|‎GBIF taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14608|Digital portrait index person (GND) ID]], [[:d:Property:P14609|torial username]], [[:d:Property:P14611|Pontifical Urbaniana University ID]], [[:d:Property:P14628|CatDat category ID]], [[:d:Property:P14629|CatDat functor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14630|CatDat category property ID]], [[:d:Property:P14631|CatDat functor property ID]], [[:d:Property:P14632|‎Samtrafiken-vehicle ID]], [[:d:Property:P14633|GIGA actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14634|Zen Pictures actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14636|Olyrix artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14637|AutorÒc 16-18 author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review:: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dielectric strenght|dielectric strenght]] (<nowiki>maximum electric field a material can withstand before electrical breakdown occurs</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/about page URL|about page URL]] (<nowiki>URL to the official about page</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten Books author ID|Rakuten Books author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten TV adult Person ID|Rakuten TV adult Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant sur le Western Orthodox Wiki|Identifiant sur le Western Orthodox Wiki]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Le GRoG ID|Le GRoG ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NHK On Demand Program ID|NHK On Demand Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Centre for Computing History exhibit reference ID|Centre for Computing History exhibit reference ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GCD character ID|GCD character ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identificador de agente econômico na ANCINE|Identificador de agente econômico na ANCINE]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/1SCREEN Program ID|1SCREEN Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Architectenregister-id|Architectenregister-id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LUDAP ID|LUDAP ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TakaWiki ID|TakaWiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Terceiro Tempo Que Fim Levou ID|Terceiro Tempo Que Fim Levou ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BiDünyaFilm film ID|BiDünyaFilm film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CNUC code|CNUC code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Steady username|Steady username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NHK ONE Program ID|NHK ONE Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SongLyrics.com song ID|SongLyrics.com song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Braunschweiger ProfKat ID|Braunschweiger ProfKat ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ClayArena shooter profile ID|ClayArena shooter profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Open Collective ID|Open Collective ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anobii author ID|Anobii author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Development ''' * The development team are at an offsite retreat this week. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/France|France]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:05, 6 July 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30773585 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VI, June 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Tools, tech, and Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: New digitization partner * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Bangladesh report|Bangladesh report]]: International Museum Day Edit-a-thon and Workshop held in Dinajpur, Bangladesh * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Postal Mission on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Empowering Institutions through Wikisource Education and GLAM Capacity Building * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Bridging the gap between labs and Wikipedia: continuing cooperation with FZU * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Museum Celebrations to Archival Documentation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Northern Wikimedist meetup in Oulu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: #1lib1ref Recap and International Archives Week * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Heritage and Community Action * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open GLAM in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Interview with Olaf Janssen, Wikimedia coordinator of the KB, National library of the Netherlands * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: BAU at Auckland Museum, Otago Uni Library Life and the NZBSI WiR is complete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Collaboration with the Botanical garden at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Skopje * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Poland Report: New Partnerships, Conferences, and Wikimedians in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Opening the Doors of Serbian Heritage: Wikimedia Serbia’s Recent GLAM and Wikidata Successes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: GLAM Labs Futures 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Finnish-Swedish cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Exhibition, International Archives Week Panel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Ninth Good Article from Khalili partnership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Philadelphia WikiSalon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Is the sauna still hot? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:35, 11 July 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30773577 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Caledonian MacBrayne]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cal-Mac HQ2005.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Caledonian MacBrayne''', in short form CalMac, is the trade name of CalMac Ferries Ltd, the major operator of passenger and vehicle ferries to the west coast of Scotland, serving ports on the mainland and 22 of the major islands. It is a subsidiary of holding company David MacBrayne, which is owned by the Scottish Government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 13 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == ''The Signpost'': 13 July 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News and notes|An exclusive club]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/In the media|Battle for a soul - who won?]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Opinion|We need to innovate with Wikimedia decision-making]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Recent research|LLMs and NPOV, 20 years of user blocks, Esperanto and Volapük Wikipedias]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News from Diff|How to host Wikicurious in your own community]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Community view|CUNY Newmark Wikimedian-in-Residence Quarterly Brief – April to June 2026]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Special report|Wikipedia escapes Category 1 designation under the UK Online Safety Act - for now]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/On the bright side|Fatherhood, weather, and diplomacy]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Op-ed|A Layup Easy Proposal for Wikimedia at 25: Spend 25% of Donations on the Community]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Traffic report|The grass was greener, the light was brighter]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Comix|schnozzed]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 07:27, 13 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == Tech News: 2026-29 == <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:08, 13 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #740 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-07-13. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#739]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> '''Discussions''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/GA_Kevin|GA Kevin]] - <small>RfP scheduled to end after 14 July 2026 18:40 (UTC)</small> * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Nabbot_2|Nabbot 2]] - '''Task:''' Translating English descriptions to Turkish using a predefined dictionary mapping. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/AgenticCommonsBot_1|AgenticCommonsBot 1]] - '''Task:''' Add [[d:Property:P648|Open Library ID (P648)]] (OpenLibrary author ID) to items about people, where the OpenLibrary author and Wikidata person are the same individual, when every statement is sourced. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/EquipboardBot|EquipboardBot]] - '''Task''': Add [[d:Property:P6912|Equipboard artist ID (P6912)]] to Wikidata items for musicians, sourced from Equipboard's own database of public artist identifiers. * Call for Participation in Improving Constraints ** Just about any aspect of constraints is in scope, from rewriting existing bots to expanding the power of property constraints to adding new kinds of constraint. If you are interested, sign up in [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_property_constraints/improving|WikiProject Property Constraints/improving]]. '''Events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[wmania:2026:Wikimania|Wikimania 2026]] is fast approaching. Taking place 21 - 25 July in Paris, France. Can't attend? Register for a ticket to the [[wmania:2026:Registration|virtual event]] and watch sessions online. ** Interested in [[mw:Wikibase/Ontology-Federation|Wikibase Ontology Federation]]? Join the July 14 call, see the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Cleaning_Task_Force#Tuesday,_14_July_2026,_11:30_EDT_(UTC-4)|Cleaning Task Force]] page for more details. * Previous events: ** The 3rd Quarter Wikidata + Wikibase office hour was held. The transcript is available to read:<br>[[d:Wikidata:Events/Telegram_office_hour_2026-07-08|Wikidata:Events/Telegram office hour 2026 07 08]] '''Press, articles, blog posts, videos''' * Blogs ** [[Diffblog:2026/07/10/behind-better-data-inside-wikidatas-first-wikiprojects-days|Behind Better Data: Inside Wikidata’s First WikiProjects Days]] ** [[Diffblog:2026/07/12/africa-wiki-challenge-2026-in-the-ghanaian-pidgin-community-documenting-water-for-life-through-wikimedia-projects|Africa Wiki Challenge 2026 in the Ghanaian Pidgin Community: Documenting “Water for Life” Through Wikimedia Projects]] ** [[Diffblog:2026/07/09/reflecting-on-progress-and-planning-ahead-dagbani-wikimedians-user-group-holds-its-last-quarter-team-meeting|Reflecting on progress and planning ahead: Dagbani Wikimedians User Group holds its last quarter team meeting]] ** [[Diffblog:2026/07/08/eduwiki-workshop-combining-petscan-and-generative-ai-for-smarter-wikipedia-editing|EduWiki Workshop: Combining PETScan and Generative AI for Smarter Wikipedia Editing]] ** [https://computationalhistory.substack.com/p/why-computational-historians-need Why Computational Historians need Wikidata] - a substack article by Jim Clifford * Papers ** [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3805712.3808389 A Demonstration of WikiRAG: An Evidence-based Link Prediction for Wikidata with Retrieval Augmented Generation] - WikiRAG is an interactive framework that combines automated link prediction with retrieval‑augmented generation and human validation to reliably complete knowledge graphs like Wikidata by generating candidate links, retrieving supporting evidence, and enabling users to confirm and export validated triples. By Sabu, et al., (2026) * Videos ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=GRS-0nMsb1Q&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Using Open Refine] by Wikimedia Australia, Paul Duchesne presents "Using OpenRefine" during WikiCon Australia 2026, (National Film and Sound Archive, Canberra). ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=oq2fjfAhsgc&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Let’s Get Mappy - making maps on Wikimedia platforms] by Wikimedia Australia, Alex Lum presents how location (pushpin) maps, locator maps, and interactive "slippy" local maps end up on Wikipedia, and how infoboxes, Wikidata and OpenStreetMap works together to generate them ** (繁體中文/zh-TW) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaOjh92PPuI Tutorial on Editing Temple Data for Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons] - recording of a workshop (July 5) on Tutorial on Editing Temple Data for Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons, held by Wikimedia Taiwan Community and OSM Taiwan. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxCTNRqnOKw Open data tools for cultural heritage] 2nd session in the workshop series “Open Data to Strengthen Online Cultural Heritage,” held March 24, 2026, and organized by the National Library of Uruguay (BNU), Wikimedians of Uruguay, Datysoc, and Data Uruguay. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrzycFNeVyI GLAMs and Citizen Science Encouraging and Enabling Participation] - Siobhan Leachman presents "citizen science workflows" (BHL, iNaturalist, Bionomia, Wikidata) to show how GLAM's can empower citizen scientists to reuse their collections. '''Tool of the week''' *[https://rudof-project.github.io/ rudof] can be used as a command line tool or can be embedded as a library using cargo. It can be used to validate RDF data represented with different syntaxes like Turtle, NTriples, to name a few. As well as RDF data available through SPARQL endpoints like Wikidata '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' * A [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-Ainali-20260623132900-Need_of_a_process_to_become_a_mentor|Project Chat discussion]] on the new [[mw:Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship features]]. Self-enrollment has been enabled with the following requirements - account age: 365 days, edits: 500. * There is also a [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-Bovlb-20260709235700-Discussion|proposal]] to add an advisory message to new accounts that create multiple items. '''Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14638|Rakuten TV adult person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14639|KBS News topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14640|Rakuten Books author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14641|PTS News Network topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14642|Nakamura Kikaku ID]], [[:d:Property:P14643|‎La Grange person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14644|‎Fontaines de Belgique ID]], [[:d:Property:P14645|NHK On Demand program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14646|1SCREEN program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14647|LUDAP ID]], [[:d:Property:P14648|Bianco keyword ID]], [[:d:Property:P14649|Architectenregister ID]], [[:d:Property:P14650|‎ClayArena shooter profile ID]], [[:d:Property:P14651|‎Sundsvall Municipality opendata beach ID]], [[:d:Property:P14652|Terceiro Tempo Que Fim Levou ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/relocated from|relocated from]] (<nowiki>Object is the original or former {{Q|17334923}} of the permanently relocated {{Q|16222597}}</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenType script tag|OpenType script tag]] (<nowiki>identifier for a script in OpenType</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/transforms from|transforms from]] (<nowiki>this fictional or mythical entity transforms from that form</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Korean Classification of Administrative Districts|Korean Classification of Administrative Districts]] (<nowiki>code assigned to an administrative district of South Korea in the Korean Classification of Administrative Districts</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anobii book ID|Anobii book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Google Maps Place ID|Google Maps Place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Viberate Artist ID|Viberate Artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage style ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage style ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage designer ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage designer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TuneCore Japan artist ID|TuneCore Japan artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deltarune Wiki article ID|Deltarune Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/INAPP OA author ID|INAPP OA author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CNR-IRIS ID|CNR-IRIS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AnimeOshi anime ID|AnimeOshi anime ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Guide Japan Person ID|Guide Japan Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CD Journal Artist ID|CD Journal Artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CIDIM Artist ID|CIDIM Artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Operabook Artist ID|Operabook Artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mizan al-Arab poet ID|Mizan al-Arab poet ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Norton Simon Museum object ID|Norton Simon Museum object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenStreetMap data item ID|OpenStreetMap data item ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant sur le Western Orthodox Wiki|Identifiant sur le Western Orthodox Wiki]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A World Made by Travel person ID|A World Made by Travel person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scent Base notes ID|Scent Base notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/radio.net IDs|radio.net IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scent Base perfumer ID|Scent Base perfumer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! '''Did you know?''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/SJfA Items only connected to Telugu Wikipedia] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Ainali-20260712084300-Stefan_Kühn-20260712083900|source]]) - change the language code 'te' to make it work with any other Wikipedia * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E269|French historic monument (E269)]] - With Wikimania taking place in the French Capital, you can use this entity schema if you feel inspired to or expand items on French monuments. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Pleasant_Goat_and_Big_Big_Wolf|Project Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf]] - a Chinese-animated television franchise. ** (Français) [[d:Wikidata:Wikiproject_Orthodox_Christianity|Project Orthodox Christianity]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_SUNY_Libraries_EMCO|Project SUNY Libraries EMCO]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Poland|Project Govdirectory Poland]] added several new subpages detailing coverage and progress on State, Local Agencies and Marshall's Offices. **[[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_property_constraints|Project Property Constraints]] added a subpage: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_property_constraints/improving|Improving]] - a call for participation, as a result of discussions during WikiProjects Days 2026. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Most_sitelinked_items/with_statements|Most sitelinked Items (with statements)]] '''Development''' * Blazegraph migration: We are continuing to prepare the Query UI, Query Builder, constraint checks, etc for the migration to QLever ([[phab:T425618]]) * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are investigating some Lua modules to find ones responsible for a lot of unnecessary entries in Watchlist and Recent changes on Wikipedia and co ([[phab:T429366]]) * GraphQL: Added support for negation in property value pair filters ([[phab:T429580]]) * REST API: We are working on the first pieces of support for Lexemes: retrieving a full Lexeme ([[phab:T429332]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. '''Weekly Tasks''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2026 07 06|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current| Help translate]] · [[:d:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]] ·''' [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:01, 13 July 2026 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30773585 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immigration to Switzerland]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In 2023, resident foreigners made up 26.3% of Switzerland's population. Most of these (83%) were from European countries. Italy provided the largest single group of foreigners, accounting for 14.7% of total foreign population, followed closely by Germany (14.0%), Portugal (11.7%), France (6.6%), Kosovo (5.1%), Spain (3.9%), Turkey (3.1%), North Macedonia (3.1%), Serbia (2.8%), Austria (2.0%), United Kingdom (1.9%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.3%) and Croatia (1.3%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka (1.3%), most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group of Asian origin (7.9%). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 20 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikidata weekly summary 741 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-07-20. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#740]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/RupumpedBot|RupumpedBot]] - '''Task/s:''' When an Item on a Kenyan river has a Swahili label but no English version, this bot will derive an English label and description. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/William_Avery_Bot_14|William Avery Bot 14]] - '''Task/s:''' Change values of url properties in mainspace that link to http://web.archive.org/ to use the https protocol (requested at [[d:Wikidata:Bot_requests#Request_to_make_HTTPS_for_Wayback_Machine_recurrent_(2026-07-17)|Bot requests#Make HTTPS for Wayback Machine recurrent]]) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Wikimania is about to begin. Whether you're attending on-site or virtually, plan your sessions so you don't miss any. *** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ Full program] / [[wmania:2026:Program/Wikidata|Wikidata-only program]] *** Get your [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/ virtual ticket] ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #91 Aug 10 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ** [https://force11.org/post/webinar-metadata-for-all-with-wikidata Force11 webinar: Metadata for all with Wikidata] will look at three novel applications, WikiCite, the Trans Music Achive and the Pratt Institute. Held online August 26, 13-14:00 UTC. Please register for the access link. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://blog.johl.io/calling-wikifunctions-for-der-die-das/ Calling Wikifunctions for der, die, das] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/07/18/how-to-strengthen-the-public-domain-with-wikidata/ How to strengthen the public domain with Wikidata] ** [https://rtnf.substack.com/p/altilunium-panoply-v26719 Altilunium Panoply v26.7.19] : In this latest release, the external Wikidata connection logic has undergone a major architectural overhaul to improve internal trace mapping. * Videos: ** (Svenska) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiYEdXCA3z4 Strategic inclusion of library data on Wikidata] - first recorded at Digikult 2019, with Alicia Fagerving. ** (Français) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FA5i80xTXpU I’ll explain how Wikidata works! (Livestream recording)], [[d:User:Lyoko%C3%AF|User:Lyokoï]] will introduce Wikidata and its concepts and the fundamentals of editing. ** (繁體中文/zh-TW) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCswknRt7wg Wikivoyage Guidelines for editing Temple information] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGtGZhE7e-E How to use Wikibase for Mixed Methods Research], with Francesco Bailo. Recorded at SICSS Melbourne 2026 (Summer Institute in Computational Social Science). * Games: [https://www.webwoven.org/ Webwoven] - a new game has surfaced, powered by Wikidata. Race from start to finish in as few connections as possible. Already includes Leaderboards, daily challenges and multiplayer. Sure to be a hit at future Wikidata events. ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://wikivibes.toolforge.org/#/ wikivibes] is a tool by [[User:Magnus Manske|Magnus Magnus]] that play public domain music from Commons, tracked by Wikidata ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Jobs: ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/65367316/Interim-Engineering-Manager-Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Projects-all-genders-?jobDbPVId=279178738&l=en (Interim) Engineering Manager - Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects] - Hybrid ** [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/8060307?gh_src=uginyj6n1us Senior Software Engineer, Wikidata Platform] - Remote ** [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/8060261?gh_src=4n8hpqkx1us Software Engineer, Wikidata Platform] - Remote ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ***[[:d:Property:P14659|‎about page URL]] (<nowiki>URL to the official about page</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14653|Western Orthodox Wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P14654|Steady publication ID]], [[:d:Property:P14655|‎Open Collective ID]], [[:d:Property:P14656|‎Guide du Rôliste Galactique ID]], [[:d:Property:P14657|CNUC code]], [[:d:Property:P14658|Centre for Computing History exhibit reference ID]], [[:d:Property:P14660|Braunschweiger ProfKat ID]], [[:d:Property:P14661|CNR-IRIS author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14662|Anobii Book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14663|Anobii author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14664|TuneCore Japan artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14665|TakaWiki numeric page ID]], [[:d:Property:P14666|Norton Simon Museum object ID]], [[:d:Property:P14667|Guide Japan Person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14668|CD Journal artist ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/autoptic examination|autoptic examination]] (<nowiki>time of last direct examination of the inscribed object</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tabular data series|Tabular data series]] (<nowiki>A tabular data series in Commons that models the given concept</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/data series|data series]] (<nowiki>A data series about the given topic.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/incumbent before dissolution|incumbent before dissolution]] (<nowiki>entity incumbent in a position before its dissolution for an election</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/former operator|former operator]] (<nowiki>entity, company, military service, or organisation which is notable for previously operated the item, aircraft, vehicle, or other equipment</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/número de la plaza|número de la plaza]] (<nowiki>square number</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PISAI ID|PISAI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ko-fi page ID|Ko-fi page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scent Base brand ID|Scent Base brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Etsy shop name|Etsy shop name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overcast podcast ID|Overcast podcast ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Grillplatser.nu ID|Grillplatser.nu ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Criticker Film ID|Criticker Film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HAND ID|HAND ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Open Language Archives Community language code|Open Language Archives Community language code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Ciel d'oc d'une publication|identifiant Ciel d'oc d'une publication]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ODiD ID|ODiD ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Generic/Numero de Registre Tributari|Generic/Numero de Registre Tributari]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UntitledDb People ID|UntitledDb People ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MissEvan drama ID|MissEvan drama ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MissEvan sound ID|MissEvan sound ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MissEvan ID|MissEvan ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MissEvan voice actor ID|MissEvan voice actor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fmfenxiang FM ID|Fmfenxiang FM ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fmfenxiang sound ID|Fmfenxiang sound ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fmfenxiang seiyuu ID|Fmfenxiang seiyuu ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Development ''' * Wikidata Query Service: We are working on adapting the Query Service UI to get it ready for the move to QLever * Mobile editing of statements: We are continuing to fix small issues found in testing * Lexemes: We are continuing the work on adding support for Lexemes to the REST API * Sustainability: ** We are preparing the migration of some database tables on the client wikis that track the usage of Wikidata's data in articles on Wikipedia and co ** We are further investigating how many changes from Wikidata that currently get sent to Wikipedia and co don't actually lead to a change in the article to be able to reduce these cases further [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:56, 20 July 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30773585 --> == Tech News: 2026-30 == <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:44, 21 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Study of Man's Impact on Climate]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> La '''Study of Man's Impact on Climate''' (traduisible en français par « Étude de l'impact de l'homme sur le climat ») est une conférence scientifique internationale consacrée à l'influence humaine sur le climat qui s'est tenue à Stockholm, en Suède, du 28 juin au 16 juillet 1971. Elle aborde diverses hypothèses parmi lesquelles la destruction de la couche d'ozone et le réchauffement (ou refroidissement) climatique, établit l'état du savoir à leur sujet et, soulignant les nombreuses inconnues qui demeurent, appelle à consacrer davantage de fonds à la recherche scientifique sur le climat. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:00, 27 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30849684 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #742 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-07-27. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#741]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AuntuBot|AuntuBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Per the approved bot request at commons:Commons:Bots/Requests/AuntuBot, I am in the process of uploading approximately 50,000 issues of the Bangladesh Gazette to Wikimedia Commons. We need to a parent Wikidata item for each specific issue/volume to import and organize these files on Bengali Wikisource. Note that AuntuBot has already been granted a bot flag on Wikimedia Commons for the file uploads. **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 2|Rebot 2]] - '''Task/s:''' We recently created the new property perspective (P14345) (Wikidata:Property proposal/anatomical view). With Rebot, I plan to move: *About 570 statements from depicts (P180) to perspective (P14345) as a property *About 1400 statements from depicts (P180) to perspective (P14345) as a qualifier of image (P18) **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 3|Rebot 3]] - '''Task/s:''' Import 1389 instances of taxon author citation (P6507) from this Catalan Wikipedia list, compiled by bot from the articles. **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 4|Rebot 4]] - '''Task/s:''' The task consists in changing these 1072 items. It has to change creator (P170) to the new property photographer (P14574). Also there are 1000+ items in which the property should be used as a qualifier. **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Openpep|Openpep]] - '''Task/s:''' Maintenance of Politically Exposed Person (PEP) data on Wikidata for Thai government officials. Specifically: *Creating new Wikidata items for Thai politicians not yet in the database *Adding P39 (position held) claims with proper qualifiers (P580 start time, P582 end time, P2937 legislative term for legislators, P1365/P1366 replaces/replaced by, P1545 series ordinal) *Adding P102 (member of political party) with date qualifiers *Adding P569 (date of birth), P106 (occupation), P21 (sex or gender), P19 (place of birth), P1559 (name in native language) *Setting and correcting labels, descriptions, and aliases *Removing incorrect claims and deduplicating *Adding social media profiles (P2003 Instagram, P2013 Facebook, P11705 Facebook numeric ID) **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/DutchFixer|DutchFixer]] - '''Task/s:''' Reformat Dutch verb forms that are listed as [[Q1994301|past tense <small>(Q1994301)</small>]], [[Q814722|participle <small>(Q814722)</small>]] to simply use [[Q12717679|past participle <small>(Q12717679)</small>]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** Vladimir Terentyev used the set of names for [https://vova.today/en/works/plofornot/ every dish from Wikidata] -- labels and aliases in every language -- along with restaurant data from OpenStreetMap to develop a world map of dish names, attempting to answer the research question: "Where does plov end and biryani begin, and who really draws these borders?" ** [https://oshwa.org/announcements/giving-open-source-hardware-a-place-on-wikidata/ Giving Open Source Hardware a Place on Wikidata] ** [https://blog.tib.eu/2026/07/27/simplified-entry-of-complex-data-into-wikibase/ Simplified entry of complex data into Wikibase] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/07/24/grateful-and-growing-reflecting-on-my-wiki-afrodemics-fellowship-pilot-cohort/ Grateful and Growing: Reflecting on My Wiki Afrodemics Fellowship, Pilot Cohort] * Papers: [https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/42790 DivinWD: Exploring the Diversity of Scientific Publications in Wikidata] - DivinWD is a large open-source dataset of over 23 million triples and 1.2 million scholarly articles (2010–2024), integrating Wikidata with five bibliographic sources and gender data to enable transparent diversity analyses in science while documenting biases and infrastructural limitations. By Saletti et. al., (2026) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://osm.wikidata.link/ OWL Places], the Wikidata-OpenStreetMap matching tool, can now add OpenStreetMap IDs to Wikidata ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikibaseug@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4ODLBGNPJVVMLFCRJUMODQ3SQEPPOXCE/ Wikibase Suite Deploy 7.1.0 and other upgrades] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14669|dielectric strength]] (<nowiki>electric field strength that causes electrical breakdown of an insulating material under specified test conditions</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14672|still taken from the audiovisual work]] (<nowiki>image comes from the given audiovisual work</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14670|Operabook artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14671|‎MPA certificate number]], [[:d:Property:P14673|‎Deltarune Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14674|A World Made by Travel person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14675|UntitledDb person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fediverse app|Fediverse app]] (<nowiki>Fediverse platform of the instance or address</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fediverse instance URL|Fediverse instance URL]] (<nowiki>Ferdiverse instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/reference amount|reference amount]] (<nowiki>Amount of the food that contains a particular quantity of a nutrient.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qidian Book ID|Qidian Book ID]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Garance item ID|Garance item ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kinorating|Kinorating]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IGN producer|IGN producer]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fediverse address|Fediverse address]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Music & Opera artist ID|Music & Opera artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LFL player ID|LFL player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccer365.net tournament ID|Soccer365.net tournament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/kicker.de coach ID|kicker.de coach ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BeSoccer team ID|BeSoccer team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FootballFakts.ru stadium ID|FootballFakts.ru stadium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SofaScore tournament ID|SofaScore tournament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foot Mercato club ID|Foot Mercato club ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lithuanian movie register ID|Lithuanian movie register ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foot Mercato referee ID|Foot Mercato referee ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BeSoccer referee ID|BeSoccer referee ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kicker.de referee ID|Kicker.de referee ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccer365.net referee ID|Soccer365.net referee ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UNESCO Observatory of Killed Journalists ID|UNESCO Observatory of Killed Journalists ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccer365.net stadium ID|Soccer365.net stadium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MFL player ID|MFL player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Okko movie ID|Okko movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RIA Novosti organization ID|RIA Novosti organization ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenParliamentTV person ID|OpenParliamentTV person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenParliamentTV organization ID|OpenParliamentTV organization ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenParliamentTV term ID|OpenParliamentTV term ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Camping.se ID|Camping.se ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/classicalive artist ID|classicalive artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Chess Games tournament ID|Chess Games tournament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Chess.com tournament ID|Chess.com tournament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MusiciansPage artist ID|MusiciansPage artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Flemish educational institution number|Flemish educational institution number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Giovani Artisti italiani ID|Giovani Artisti italiani ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/365chess.com tournament ID|365chess.com tournament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Norwegian Athletics athlete ID|Norwegian Athletics athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LinkedIn numeric company ID|LinkedIn numeric company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lulu spotlight ID|Lulu spotlight ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RPGnet Index ID|RPGnet Index ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EU Treaties and Agreements database ID|EU Treaties and Agreements database ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Development ''' * The team were at Wikimania this past week so not much development happened. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:32, 27 July 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30846852 --> == Tech News: 2026-31 == <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:46, 27 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == This Month in Education: July 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 7 • July 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia|Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival|Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor|Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026|PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community|Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge|Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere|Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil|Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects|Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026|1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM|We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 19:48, 30 July 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30838310 --> == ''The Signpost'': 2 August 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In the media|Union drive, most prolific editor make headlines]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News and notes|Foundation rejects voluntary recognition of union, proposed board eligibility rules sharply restrict candidates]] * WikiConference: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/WikiConference|"Kurier, Signpost, wikipress: You can be a Wikimedia journalist" - Wikimania presentation by User:Noé Recap]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In focus|Is Larry Sanger the co-founder of Wikipedia?]] * Arbitration report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Arbitration report|Think, and not just about content]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News from Diff|Meet the Wikimedians of the Year 2026!]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/On the bright side|The beautiful game]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Traffic report|Odyssey and Oyarzabal]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Comix|Well-spotted]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 10:17, 2 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Plot of Prats de Molló]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ca:Fets de Prats de Molló]])&#32;([[:es:Complot de Prats de Molló]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''plot of Prats de Molló''' was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:11, 3 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30879613 --> == Tech News: 2026-32 == <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:43, 3 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #743 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-08-04. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#742]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' *[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/INAPerson 1|INAPerson 1]] - Task/s: Create Wikidata pages entries for mostly French journalists, using INA (French National Audiovisual Institute) catalogue as reference. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[Diffblog:wikimedia-research-conference-in-the-cee-region-programme-coming-in-august-registration-open|Wikimedia & Research conference in the CEE region: programme coming in August, registration open]] - follow link for registration instructions, (onsite) open until August 26, (online) open until at least October 5. Event takes place Katowice, Poland, October 9-10, 2026. ** [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2026/sessions/workshop-wikidata-open-innovation/ Workshop: Wikidata for Open Innovation] - DCMI 226. Held on August 3 by Kalliopi Mathios, participants will get hands-on experience of Wikidata for use in Libraries, Industry and Communities. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Papers: ** the [[:d:Q140818826|proceedings]] of the conference [[:d:Q131418010|Wikidata and Research]] (cf. [[:meta:Wikidata and research|Meta page]]), held in Florence (Italy) on June 5-6, 2025, have been published on July 2026 and are available in CC-BY 4.0 license: ''[https://books.fupress.com/isbn/9791221510102 Wikidata e la ricerca. Condividere esperienze / Wikidata and Research. Sharing Experiences]''; 32 papers, 25 in English and 7 in Italian, deal with the usage of Wikidata and other Wikibase instances in different fields of academic research ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2607.25959 Detecting Knowledge Inconsistencies Across Text, Tables, and Knowledge Graphs] by Wei et al., (2026). This paper introduces ''Kontrast'': a tool for comparing Wikidata's statements against Wikipedia tables (and text) to find conflicting information or inconsistencies and missing data. * Videos: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA8pp1Qsh4M LIVE Wikidata Editing #123] with hosts [[d:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]] and [[d:User:Abbe98|User:Abbe98]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://leximap.toolforge.org/ Leximap]: Create a colour-coded map of Lexemes from a Wikisource page's text, roll-over individual words to discover more about the lemma * [https://thefilmmap.com/ Filmmap]: a free interactive map of filming locations built from Wikidata. Search the title to see where it’s shot or a place to see what was made there *[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Danielyepezgarces/Cradle-gadget Cradle-gadget] – A new user script embeds the Cradle form editor into Wikidata item pages, enabling schema-based editing with ShEx. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Job vacancy: [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/8060261 (Remote) Software Engineer for the Wikidata Platform team]. * [https://www.wikibase.cloud/hosting-policy/pilot Wikibase Cloud has a new hosting policy (pilot version)] * [https://f-droid.org/en/packages/app.subster/ Subster] - a timeline-based Wikidata-powered game that plays songs from your own music collection and asks you to rank it against other songs in your hand. Like a digital, cardless version of Hitster. Requires a subsonic-compatible music server to connect to. * Uyen developed a tool in which you can visualize and inspect content gaps and shared content between different Wikipedia editions, as well as topic distributions: https://wiki-gap-finder.toolforge.org/ Check it out and give them [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc-ff0w-oUCEQXoQsCRxuiz5aOiOSes6kfWti5-KsKGgOgezg/viewform feedback]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14687|tabular data series]] (<nowiki>A tabular data series in Commons that models the given concept</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14701|infobox chronology]] (<nowiki>indicate the place of an item in an Infobox chronology, as seen on the Wikipedias.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14726|‎OpenType script tag]] (<nowiki>identifier for a script in OpenType, without trailing spaces</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14733|‎Fediverse app]] (<nowiki>Fediverse platform of the instance or address</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14734|‎Fediverse instance URL]] (<nowiki>Ferdiverse instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14676|Viberate artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14677|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage style ID]], [[:d:Property:P14678|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage designer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14679|radio.net station ID]], [[:d:Property:P14680|radio.net podcast ID]], [[:d:Property:P14681|Sokmil AV performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14682|Scent Base brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14683|Scent Base notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14684|Scent Base perfumers ID]], [[:d:Property:P14688|PISAI ID]], [[:d:Property:P14689|CIDIM Artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14690|Etsy shop name]], [[:d:Property:P14691|‎Open Language Archives Community language code]], [[:d:Property:P14692|‎OpenStreetMap Wiki item ID]], [[:d:Property:P14695|Ko-fi page ID]], [[:d:Property:P14696|KinoRating ID]], [[:d:Property:P14697|‎Korean Classification of Administrative Districts]], [[:d:Property:P14698|UNESCO Observatory of Killed Journalists ID]], [[:d:Property:P14699|SofaScore tournament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14700|RIA Novosti organization ID]], [[:d:Property:P14702|MFL player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14703|‎MissEvan username]], [[:d:Property:P14704|Soccer365.net referee ID]], [[:d:Property:P14705|Soccer365.net stadium ID]], [[:d:Property:P14706|Soccer365.net tournament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14707|‎IGN producer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14708|kicker.de coach ID]], [[:d:Property:P14709|Kicker.de referee ID]], [[:d:Property:P14710|Lithuanian movie register ID]], [[:d:Property:P14712|LFL player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14713|BeSoccer referee ID]], [[:d:Property:P14714|BeSoccer team ID]], [[:d:Property:P14715|OpenParliamentTV organization ID]], [[:d:Property:P14716|OpenParliamentTV person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14717|OpenParliamentTV term ID]], [[:d:Property:P14718|Foot Mercato referee ID]], [[:d:Property:P14719|Foot Mercato club ID]], [[:d:Property:P14720|FootballFakts.ru stadium ID]], [[:d:Property:P14721|Chess Games tournament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14722|Chess.com tournament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14723|‎Camping.se ID]], [[:d:Property:P14724|Garance item ID]], [[:d:Property:P14725|‎OpenType language system tag]], [[:d:Property:P14727|Okko movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14728|‎Grillplatser.nu ID]], [[:d:Property:P14729|Número de Registre Tributari]], [[:d:Property:P14730|‎MissEvan sound ID]], [[:d:Property:P14731|‎MissEvan drama ID]], [[:d:Property:P14732|‎Flemish educational institution number]], [[:d:Property:P14735|Norwegian Athletics athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P14736|RPGnet Index ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ENS name|ENS name]] (<nowiki>Ethereum Name Service (ENS) domain associated with a person or entity</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inventaire régional du patrimoine en Wallonie ID|Inventaire régional du patrimoine en Wallonie ID]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/member of musical group|member of musical group]] (<nowiki>member of musical group</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/name type|name type]] (<nowiki>type of noun or name the sense is</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINE21 Program ID|CINE21 Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten TV adult maker ID|Rakuten TV adult maker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DMM maker ID|DMM maker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sukumizu.tv actress ID|sukumizu.tv actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GAS actress ID|GAS actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Paradise TV Parson ID|Paradise TV Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/syukou-club(X-DIABLO) actress ID|syukou-club(X-DIABLO) actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brazilian Fauna Taxonomic Catalogue ID|Brazilian Fauna Taxonomic Catalogue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINE21 company ID|CINE21 company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/STAPI Book ID|STAPI Book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/STAPI Comics ID|STAPI Comics ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/STAPI Episode ID|STAPI Episode ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/STAPI Performer ID|STAPI Performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qidian Author ID|Qidian Author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Medieval Unicode Font Initiative ID|Medieval Unicode Font Initiative ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple Maps place id|Apple Maps place id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmycast person ID|Filmycast person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EORI|EORI]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GBIF Specimen (occurrence)|GBIF Specimen (occurrence)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/d anime store Parson ID|d anime store Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/d anime store work ID|d anime store work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crank-in! Parson ID|Crank-in! Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crank-in! drama ID|Crank-in! drama ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crank-in! animation ID|Crank-in! animation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crank-in! movie ID|Crank-in! movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Elite Prospects team ID|Elite Prospects team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/r-hockey.ru team ID|r-hockey.ru team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Elite Prospects stadium ID|Elite Prospects stadium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/izohli.uz word ID|izohli.uz word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dubbinfo ID|Dubbinfo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBNL chamber of rhetoric ID|DBNL chamber of rhetoric ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BLS Code|BLS Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JoJo's Bizarre Encyclopedia article ID|JoJo's Bizarre Encyclopedia article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/T5E4 Retrieve all Belgian writers without an article on French Wikipedia] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-ScriptaBelgica-20260723083200-ScriptaBelgica-20260719201400|source]]) * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E408|Swedish barbecue areas (E408)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Occitan|Project Occitan]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Broadcasting|Project Broadcasting]] - after 10 years of inactivity, the project has been revived with a flurry of activity . Of particular interest is the change in broadcasting scope from primarily airwave to internet transmission. ** [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Malaysia/Activity/Datathon/Japan_Week_Datathon/Data_Item_List/UNIS|Wiki x K-pop 2026 • Editing Party - Japan Week Datathon]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [https://wikidata-terminator.toolforge.org/?list&mode=tx#/ Wikidata Terminator] - find items that lack Label, description or sitelink. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q842|Oman (Q842)]] - state in western Asia * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L648863|cheche (L648863)]] ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We reviewed samples of Wikidata-related entries in Recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co in order to see which additional changes we can remove because they don't change the article. ** We are preparing for the migration of the entity usage table to the extension database cluster to address database scalability issues ([[phab:T424133]]) * Wikidata Query Service: We are continuing to adapt the Query Service UI and the Quality Constraints extension for the upcoming move from Blazegraph to QLever. * REST API: We are continuing to add support for Lexemes, specifically retrieving a full Lexeme (GET) ([[phab:T429332]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Seychelles|Seychelles]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:55, 4 August 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30872537 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Composizione VII]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, GAC.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Composizione VII''' (Композиция VII o Zu Komposition 7) è un olio su tela del 1913, realizzato dal pittore russo Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij e conservato nella Galleria Tret'jakov di Mosca. Prodotto centrale del pittore russo nel periodo 1910-1915, essa è considerata l'opera che certificò la raggiunta maturità creativa da parte di Kandinskij, rappresentando anche l'apice della sua energia creativa. È considerato il più rappresentativo tra i lavori completati durante l'anno del successo internazionale dell'artista, simboleggiando il punto di emancipazione definitivo dell'Astrattismo. Opera più grande mai realizzata dall'artista per dimensione, facente parte della serie denominata Composizioni, rappresenta un'allegoria dell'Apocalisse, di cui riprende il tema e lo propone in una versione astratta, trasfigurata dalla realtà in una forma composta da sole linee e colori. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 10 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30889664 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #744 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-08-10. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#743]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * The order of properties on Wikidata is governed by [[mw:Manual:Interface/Wikibase-SortedProperties|MediaWiki/Wikibase-SortedProperties]]. We propose moving [[d:Property:P2559|(P2559) Wikidata usage instructions]] to the top, so important guidance is more visible and less likely to be overlooked. To comment on this change, please visit [[mw:MediaWiki_talk#prominently displaying Wikidata usage instructions (P2559)|MediaWiki_talk#prominently displaying (P2559)]]. * Closed request for comments: '''19''' RfC's were closed recently, too many to list here. Please see the [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment#Closed_requests|RfC page]] for more information. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** (Deutsch) [https://www.nfdi4objects.net/events/n4o_activity_20260818-CM26-RS_Wikidata/ nfdi4 / Workshop: Make Research Software Findable using the Software Marketplace Wikidata], 18.08.2026, 14:00–16:00 CEST ([https://terminplaner6.dfn.de/b/1439bb751afd1e9fc42ebc30069eb685-1762199 register for Zoom-link]) ** [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:WMUK_Sandbox_Sessions/Improving_Wikidata_References:_The_Reference_Validator_Tool Improving Wikidata References: The hands-on session will explore how to identify and improve broken references on Wikidata] , 15.08.2026, 17:00–18:00 WAT (UTC+1). * Looking ahead: (Deutsch) [https://www.fu-berlin.de/kalender/2026/10/20261022-tidy-data-versionskontrolle-wikidata-in-der-forschungspraxis.html Freie Universitat / Tidy data version control - Wikidata in research]: 22.10.2026, 09:00 - 16:00 CEST. * Previous events: August 04 - [[d:Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_Aug_2026|Blazegraph Migration office hour]] - see the [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours Etherpad notes] for questions and answers. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://gdotv.com/blog/the-weekly-edge-fraud-graphs-graphtalk-gfql-wikidata-graphrag/#edge-item-4 gdottv / The Weekly Edge article: demonstrating the Wikidata Query Logs (WDQL) Dataset] talks about a paper released in February this year, ([https://arxiv.org/html/2602.14594v1 Wikidata Query Logs Dataset]) ** [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/brian-hatten-434b7457_orthopedicsurgery-kneereplacement-knowledgegraph-activity-7465395166682583040-v0qH?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAAAUVbMUB9qSIcEDloiodU_ZoBrIi4-bJtT8 LinkedIn] - [[d:User:Orthodoc10|User:Orthodoc10]] describes their experience mapping and modelling knee replacement surgical practices into Wikidata ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/08/07/wikisignals-org-helping-editors-evaluate-reference-reliability/ Wikisignals.org: Helping Editors Evaluate Reference Reliability] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/08/07/zero-budget-programs-you-could-start-tommorrow/ Zero-budget programs you could start tommorrow - Lessons from Wikimania Paris]] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/08/07/openspeaks-tools-update-subtitler-tome-and-bento-go-stable-meet-media-dashboard/ OpenSpeaks Tools Update: Subtitler, Tome, and Bento Go Stable — Meet Media Dashboard] ** [[Diffblog:a-look-at-a-2026-wikimania-hackathon-project-wikidata-bias-detector|A look at a 2026 Wikimania Hackathon Project – Wikidata Bias Detector] ** [https://nlnet.nl/project/Inventaire-Split/ nlnet Foundation / Inventaire Split] - a short article on this standalone Wikidata-federated Bibliographic database. ** [https://ktieb.org.mt/news-en/nbc-and-wikimedia-malta-renew-collaboration-on-national-book-prize/ Maltese national Book Council and WM Malta renew partnerhship]: Wikidata to support and feed Maltese Wikipedia. ** [Diffblog:wikisignals-org-helping-editors-evaluate-reference-reliability|Wikisignals.org: Helping Editors Evaluate Reference Reliability] - the project aims to add to news-related organisation entities to help feed Wikipedia infoboxes with structured data. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/live/saeV6bZ7cIk?t=25105s India's Software Stories: A Hands-on Workshop with Software Heritage, Commons and Wikidata] - a Wikimania Lightning talk with Mathilde Fichen and Pavan Santhosh. ([https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/talk/review/EYFQXB9WHFAR9WATXTEUFSKADEVWMCP9 Session page]) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJq1926Jz5Q The Art of Editing Wikidata (Africa Wiki Women)] - Guest host David Palfrey will share valuable insights and help newcomers uncover the mysteries of editing Wikidata, this session is in collaboration with Art+Feminism. ** (no audio) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJbPTX18I4Q Tutorial: Add Geoshape to Wikimedia Commons and connect it to its Wikidata Item] - Anne Chen gives a visual demonstration of the steps provided in this [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1A1FNy9NztkmxE2MhBds2caHGcxMNSNvgXnLfeJsAosw/edit?tab=t.0 google doc], found on the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IDEA/Resources_for_Participants#Links_to_useful_tutorials|WikiProject IDEA]] page. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9infd-TJ6z8 LIVE Wikidata Editing #124] is streaming today, 20:00 CEST (18:00 UTC)! ** (Bahasa Indonesian) [https://www.youtube.com/@WikimediaIndonesia/videos Wikimedia Indonesia] have released 4 short videos on editing practices, querying, basic structure and data quality of Wikidata. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLH0W0coIw8 ZB MED LAB | The Carpentries] - aimed at researchers and professionals who work with data, a series of tutorials and workshops to teach you Wikidata, Python, R, OpenRefine and more. ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://toolhub.wikimedia.org/tools/cradle-gadget Cradle-gadget] is a tool by [[User:Danielyepezgarces]]This is an interactive, schema-based form editor that works directly within Wikidata item pages. It allows users to check, view, add, modify, or delete claims in a modern sidebar drawer or a dedicated special page, aligned with the Wikimedia design guidelines. This is the easiest way to exploit the benefits of Wikidata entity schemas, powered by ShEx. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScv4BEQqn-sSsJNvIFCRgMDpr_K59Y0UjdXx5rO8MzAs4CRjw/viewform 2026 OpenRefine User Survey] is now open. (Note that a link to a feature-prioritization survey is provided at the end of the Google Form so don't miss that if you want to influence what should get more focus.) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14755|particularly]] (<nowiki>qualifier for statements to refine a value that applies more generally, when the statement applies especially to a more specific value; a more specific qualifier than "including" (P1012)</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14766|‎incumbent before dissolution]] (<nowiki>entity incumbent in a position before its dissolution for an election</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14737|CINE21 TV program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14738|GCD character ID]], [[:d:Property:P14739|ODiD ID]], [[:d:Property:P14740|365chess.com tournament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14741|NHK ONE program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14742|CINE21 company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14743|‎Fmfenxiang seiyuu ID]], [[:d:Property:P14744|‎Fmfenxiang sound ID]], [[:d:Property:P14745|Elite Prospects team ID]], [[:d:Property:P14746|Elite Prospects stadium ID]], [[:d:Property:P14747|r-hockey.ru team ID]], [[:d:Property:P14748|Classicalive artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14749|Apple Maps place id]], [[:d:Property:P14750|‎HAND ID]], [[:d:Property:P14751|Brazilian Fauna Taxonomic Catalogue ID]], [[:d:Property:P14752|‎Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa ID]], [[:d:Property:P14753|Giovani Artisti italiani ID]], [[:d:Property:P14754|MusiciansPage artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14756|LinkedIn numeric company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14757|‎MissEvan voice actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14758|Music & Opera artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14759|Dubbinfo ID]], [[:d:Property:P14760|GAS actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14761|‎EU Treaties and Agreements database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14762|syukou-club(X-DIABLO) actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14763|sukumizu.tv model ID]], [[:d:Property:P14764|Paradise TV Person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14765|Regional heritage of Wallonia ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/filing unit code|filing unit code]] ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has Member|has Member]] (<nowiki>has member</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/introduced to|introduced to]] (<nowiki>region outside the natural range of a taxon into which it was introduced through direct or indirect human activity</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lift-World lift ID|Lift-World lift ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schiffsdatenliste ID|Schiffsdatenliste ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/marketswiki|marketswiki]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Palace Museum Digital Archive ID|National Palace Museum Digital Archive ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Information Commissioner's Office registration reference|Information Commissioner's Office registration reference]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Registry of Type Design ID|Registry of Type Design ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ariana Museum ID|Ariana Museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Emulation General Wiki article ID|Emulation General Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal immovable object ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal immovable object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sofia monuments register ID|Sofia monuments register ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal museum ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal movable object ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal movable object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal stone carving ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal stone carving ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal protection zone ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal protection zone ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal wall painting ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal wall painting ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal documentation record ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal documentation record ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage Portal movable object ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage Portal movable object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RIdIM ID|RIdIM ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Weibo ID|Weibo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Weibo username|Weibo username]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/TGHU Ten longest State of the Union adress in the USA] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E519|object with inscription]] - schema for objects with inscriptions [[d:Q1640824|(Q1640824)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Brigham_Young_University_Library|Project Brigham Young University Library]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Perth_Women_on_Wikipedia|Project Perth Women on Wikipedia]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_UC_Riverside_Library_Jay_Kay_Klein_Photographs|Project UC Riverside Library Jay Kay Klein Photographs]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Metaclasses|Project Ontology]] added a Metaclasses page * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:User:Pasleim/Sitelink_statistics|Sitelink statistics]] by User:Pasleim. ''' Development ''' * Sustainability: We continued the work on migrating usage tracking on Wikipedia and co to the extension database cluster ([[phab:T424185]]) * Watchlist and recent changes on Wikipedia and co: We finished our review of a sample of Wikidata edits sent to Wikidata and co in order to better understand which remaining ones are not useful. It will soon be published on Commons. * Query Service: We continued the work on preparing the Query Service UI for the migration from Blazegraph to QLever and will move to Query Builder and Quality Constraints next [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Seychelles|Seychelles]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:54, 10 August 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30889662 --> == Tech News: 2026-33 == <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting "{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}" in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:42, 10 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VII, July 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: July and Wikimania Have Come and Gone * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Strategic Workshops, Academic Publications, and Bidding Farewell to NeuroMat * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Colombia at Wikimania 2026: panel on how the far-right affects open knowledge institutions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Al-Ahram to Zamalek: Exploring Archives and Art Galleries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: GLAM Presentations at Wikimania 2026 + Wiki Fashion Show * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Launch of Wikifying a Conference handbook; Wikipedia Workshop at Te Toi Uku * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki partnerships continue opening collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: At Wikimania and copyright process * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Faces and Masks - the interwoven relation, Wikimania Paris * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wikimania report + New articles in Hindi * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM USA Report (Past & Upcoming) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Academic paper in preparation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Wiki Knowledge Park report|Wiki Knowledge Park report]]: Preserving Islamic Cultural Heritage: The GLAM and Metadata Impact of Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:04, 12 August 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30901934 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Divorce in Poland]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Divorce in Poland''' occurs at a rate slightly below that of the average for Europe. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court; there is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. Divorce requests are assessed by the court, in accordance with the positive and negative prerequisites set in the relevant law. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 17 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #745 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-08-17. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#744]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[wmau:WikiLoves_Pride_Australia_-_15_August_2026|WikiLoves Pride / Australia]], 15 August, drop-in online for a collaborative editing session on LGBT+ representation on Wikidata, Wikipedia and Commons. ** [[wmau:Drop_in_and_Wikidata_-_August_2026|Drop-in and Wikidata]], 27 August, WM Australia also hold a drop-in Wikidata ediitng sesison. ** [[m:Event:Open_Heritage-Wikidata_Contest|Open Heritage - Wikidata Islamic Civilization Contest]] from September 1 - 30, 2026. [[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/4303|Register for news]]. *** A Wikidata training webinar will be held August 25. * Looking ahead: [https://www.gw.uni-hamburg.de/ueber-die-fakultaet/digital-humanities/dh-lab/veranstaltungen/26-11-12-hands-on-wikidata.html Hands-on workshop: Wikidata: An Open Knowledge Graph for Research and Beyond] - Digital Humanities Lab, 12.11.2026, 14:15-15:45 CEST. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://programminghistorian.org/en/lessons/wikidata-for-historical-research Introductory lesson on Wikidata at the Programming Historian] ** [https://www.ibm.com/case-studies/wikimedia-deutschland Making open knowledge Gen-AI-ready] by IBM ** [https://noeflandre.com/posts/describe-place-on-earth-part1-wikidata How to describe a place on Earth using text? Part 1: Wikidata] by Noé Flandre * Papers: [https://www.ebsco.com/articles/arts-and-entertainment/7162dc3c-7d03-51bb-a950-30de681bb95e/cultural-information-bubbles-a-new-approach-for-automatic-ethical-evaluation-of-digital-artwork-collections-based-on-wikidata Cultural information bubbles: A new approach for automatic ethical evaluation of digital artwork collections based on Wikidata] by M. Zhitomirsky-Geffet and S. Minster, (2026). ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://ranker.toolforge.org This tool lets you edit the rank of multiple statements at once.] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[wmau:Partner_Projects_2026-2027|WM Australia is funding partner projects for 2026 - 2027]], for Australian organisations or individuals who want to build projects for open and free knowledge, including Wikidata. * Job Vacancies: [https://wikimedia-deutschland.career.softgarden.de/jobs/65367316/Interim-Engineering-Manager-Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Projects-all-genders- (Interim) Engineering Manager / Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects] * [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdnOtvIKyp5fGlAkqz8pYMdFxhtvaH9exlxmrQ8O3HtDIHM3A/viewform Survey: What content would you like to see on the Wikidata Social media channels?] - only want to hear about Wikidata events or news, would like to see more use-cases of Wikidata, or perhaps you'd like more beginner or advanced Wikidata tutorials? Let us know in this short survey. * We are setting up to apply for recognition of a new Wikimedia user group, '''Wikimedians for Data Organization and Quality'''. The group's goal will be to improve the organization and quality of data, particularly structured data, in Wikimedia projects. You can see more details in [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_Organization_and_Quality the group's home page] and, if you wish, you can contribute to the discussion in its talk page. We invite you to be a part of this proposed user group by adding your Wikimedia signature to the Interested Parties section of the group's page. <br />Ege Atacan Doğan and Peter Patel-Schneider ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14788|located at a height]] (<nowiki>a property intended to indicate the height of any objects from the ground</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14789|contributed to narrative universe]] (<nowiki>narrative universe that a person contributed to</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14792|‎name type]] (<nowiki>type of noun or name the sense is</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14796|introduced to]] (<nowiki>region outside the natural range of a taxon into which it was introduced through direct or indirect human activity</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14767|d anime store Work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14768|d anime store Person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14769|Crank-in! drama ID]], [[:d:Property:P14770|Crank-in! animation ID]], [[:d:Property:P14771|Crank-in! person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14772|‎STAPI Book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14773|‎STAPI Episode ID]], [[:d:Property:P14774|‎STAPI Performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14775|‎Qidian Author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14776|Crank-in! movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14777|‎DBNL chamber of rhetoric ID]], [[:d:Property:P14778|‎Criticker Film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14779|Lulu spotlight ID]], [[:d:Property:P14780|German Maritime Museum Ship ID]], [[:d:Property:P14781|Rakuten TV adult maker ID]], [[:d:Property:P14782|izohli.uz word ID]], [[:d:Property:P14783|Ciel d'oc publication ID]], [[:d:Property:P14784|Lift-World lift ID]], [[:d:Property:P14785|‎STAPI Comics ID]], [[:d:Property:P14786|Qidian Book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14787|National Palace Museum Digital Archive ID]], [[:d:Property:P14790|DMM maker ID]], [[:d:Property:P14791|Registry of Type Design ID]], [[:d:Property:P14793|‎Fediverse address]], [[:d:Property:P14794|Information Commissioner's Office registration reference]], [[:d:Property:P14795|‎WorldFootball.net ID (new)]], [[:d:Property:P14797|Sofia monuments register ID]], [[:d:Property:P14798|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal immovable object ID]], [[:d:Property:P14799|Ariana Museum ID]], [[:d:Property:P14800|RIdIM ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/school of martial arts|school of martial arts]] (<nowiki>school or style of martial arts this person studied</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has official Italian government website|has official Italian government website]] (<nowiki>tems that the item has an official website operated by or belonging to the Government of Italy</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Infraestructuras de Portugal ID|Infraestructuras de Portugal ID]] (<nowiki>station code Infraestruturas de Portugal</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Silloria perfumer ID|Silloria perfumer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Silloria notes ID|Silloria notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Beer Advocate beer style ID|Beer Advocate beer style ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BBFC release ID|BBFC release ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifier for a person in norwegian polar history|Identifier for a person in norwegian polar history]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmová databáze seriál ID|Filmová databáze seriál ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Serbo-Croatian Literary Language entry ID|Serbo-Croatian Literary Language entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dbv member slug|dbv member slug]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/idw member ID|idw member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sky programme ID|Sky programme ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/immaterieelerfgoed.be ID|immaterieelerfgoed.be ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Geoshape Repository ID|Geoshape Repository ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FIBA.basketball event ID|FIBA.basketball event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SEASLUG.WORLD species ID|SEASLUG.WORLD species ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Silloria brands ID|Silloria brands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du COMDT|Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du COMDT]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) ou plusieurs musicien(ne)s sur Paraulas en òc|Identifiant d'un(e) ou plusieurs musicien(ne)s sur Paraulas en òc]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) ou plusieurs musicien(ne)s sur Trobasons|Identifiant d'un(e) ou plusieurs musicien(ne)s sur Trobasons]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kinolights Parson ID|Kinolights Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kinolights Work ID|Kinolights Work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un ouvrage dans le catalogue du CREDD'O|Identifiant d'un ouvrage dans le catalogue du CREDD'O]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/parliament.uk constituency ID|parliament.uk constituency ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Europeans In East Africa ID|Europeans In East Africa ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke ID|Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Judoresults judoka ID|Judoresults judoka ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Silloria perfumes ID|Silloria perfumes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scent Base perfumes ID|Scent Base perfumes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IMCDB work ID|IMCDB work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificador de sardana de somarxiu.cat|identificador de sardana de somarxiu.cat]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Xcity maker ID|Xcity maker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CrashPad Series performer ID|CrashPad Series performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PinkLabel.TV performer ID|PinkLabel.TV performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Seiyu Grand Prix Person ID|Seiyu Grand Prix Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/animehack Person ID|animehack Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/animehack Program ID|animehack Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/animehack movie ID|animehack movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/XBIZ.com topic ID|XBIZ.com topic ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/TYra roughly ~4.000 massacres reported in Wikidata] **[https://w.wiki/TXBP Passports cover that have at least 4 languages] ** [https://w.wiki/TZjc Landkreis Reutlingen Items missing a picture, displayed on a map] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Stefan_Kühn-20260815083000-Windharp-20260812063800|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/TZjt Radio stations in Virginia, USA, plotted on a map] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Stefan_Kühn-20260809204600-Bluerasberry-20260803150500|source]]) * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E528|(E528) Space Telescope, instrument in outer space for observing distant space objects]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Côte_d'Ivoire/Tabs|Project Côte d'Ivoire]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Indonesia/Kegiatan/Datathon/Arsip/2026|Project Indonesia: Hari Domain Public International Datathon 2026]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Immigration_and_Visas|Project Immigration and Visas]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill_EMCO|Project University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill EMC0]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Recent_deaths|Recent deaths (this report can help for updating Wikipedia articles]] ''' Development ''' * Query Service: We started preparing the constraint checks for the migration from Blazegraph to QLever. * Page load times: We looked into unnecessarily loaded modules related to the Wikidata Bridge to see if we can remove them and speed up page load times. * Wikipedia and co: ** We worked with English Wikipedia to optimize the CiteQ module code to generate less usage tracking for "Anonymous". ** We checked a variety of Mediawiki areas where Parsoid deprecation may lead to breakages.* * Sustainability: We are planning to migrate the usage tracking data to the X1 extension cluster. We are checking which queries involving entity usage will need re-writing or updating. * REST API: We finished adding support for getting a full Lexeme and started work on creating Lexemes. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Seychelles|Seychelles]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:40, 17 August 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30921730 --> == Tech News: 2026-34 == <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC. '''Updates for editors''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:00, 17 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == Growth/Newsletters/36 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|180px|frameless|class=skin-invert]] ''Updates from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth]] team on our work to improve the new editor experience.'' === Recent releases === ====Account creation experiments==== Several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|experiments to increase successful account creation]] have delivered significant results. * An updated message shown to logged-out mobile users who try to edit produced a 27% relative increase in account creation and is being scaled to all wikis. ([[phab:T424595|T424595]]) * A new account menu button in the mobile web header, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Experiment Results: Mobile Web Account Menu|A/B tested across five Wikipedias with nearly 8 million participants]], made logged-out mobile users 25% more likely to create an account, with no significant difference in constructive editing behavior. ([[phab:T428220|T428220]]) *A simpler post-edit dialog for temporary account holders increased permanent account creation by 87% (relative), converting more temp editors into registered ones. ([[phab:T416418|T416418]])[[File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|thumb|The redesigned account creation form increases registration by a relative 24.4%]] *We also redesigned the account creation form itself ([[phab:T409236|T409236]]): adding real-time username validation, a concise summary of the username policy, a "reveal password" option, and a simplified design aligned with [[wmdoc:codex/latest|Codex]] guidelines. In an A/B test on English Wikipedia mobile, users who saw the redesigned form created permanent accounts at a rate of 20.4%, compared to 16.4% for the control group (a 24.4% relative increase). ====Revise Tone structured task==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages that may contain non-encyclopedic language and guides them through revising the tone. In A/B testing on Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, newcomer task completion rates were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone#Experiment Results|38.7% higher]] than the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended July 9, and the feature is now available to everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|We plan]] to release Revise Tone to more wikis. ====Automated mentor list cleanup==== Communities can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatically mark inactive mentors as ''away'' or remove them from mentorship entirely]] (which automatically reassigns their mentees). Inactivity is based on edits, and talk page responses count, so mentors answering mentee questions remain active. We recommend enabling both options together; administrators can enable them via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration]] and review the mentor list at [[Special:ManageMentors]]. ====Growth features for Wikidata==== Growth features are [[phab:T400937|now available at Wikidata]], including a simplified Newcomer Homepage, Mentorship, the Impact module, Community Updates and the Help Panel. === Work in progress === [[File:Home designs labeled.png|thumb|Early concepts for evolving the Newcomer Homepage into a personalized 'Home' that grows with contributors.]] ====Home==== The Growth and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]] teams are developing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Home|Home]] ([[phabricator:T419358|T419358]]): a unified, personalized landing page intended to replace the Newcomer Homepage. Rather than remaining a newcomer-only feature, Home will evolve with users as they gain experience, surfacing Suggested Edits, edits to review, and moderation workflows at the right moment. === Research === The [https://research.wikimedia.org/ Wikimedia Research team], in partnership with the Growth Team, published findings from two projects on how new editors learn and integrate into the community: * [[m:Research:Understanding_newcomer_mentorship_on_Wikipedia|Understanding newcomer mentorship on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Research:Successful_Newcomers_Survey_2025#Results|Successful Newcomers Survey]] ''<small>'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].</small>'' </div> 13:17, 18 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&oldid=30870183 --> == ''The Signpost'': 24 August 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/News and notes|Union process progresses, unanswered questions about Littler Mendelson remain]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/In the media|Wikipedia editors save Sam Altman's life]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Recent research|Women in blue? Wikipedia's gender gap reverses in some areas]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Discussion report|Again and Again]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Traffic report|Look out, here comes the Spider-Man!]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Humour|Her tastes, her Wikimania, her upcoming tour... Baby Globe reveals everything]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/On the bright side|The great outdoors]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Opinion|Are we embarrassed yet?]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Special report|Paris Syndrome: Labor Strife, AI Anxiety, and a Leadership Test at Wikimania 2026]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Comix|WP:FAOWN]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 01:24, 24 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30889666 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mk:Ден на македонската револуционерна борба]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle''' (Macedonian: Ден на македонската револуционерна борба),[1] also known as Day of VMRO, is a national holiday which is celebrated on October 23 in North Macedonia. In 2007, the holiday was voted into law as a new national holiday. It is a non-working day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:15, 24 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #746 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-08-24. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#745]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: [[m:Event:Wikidata Lab XLVIII|Wikidata Lab XLVIII: Outreach Dashboard]], August 27, at 15:30 UTC. Come see and discuss new Wikidata functionalities of the Outreach Dashboard! ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/08/20/finishing-outreachy-with-wikidata-support-for-wikiscore/ Finishing Outreachy with Wikidata support for Wikiscore] by ACorrea WMB and AnaMRRuiz * Papers: [https://zenodo.org/records/21032521 Climate Knowledge Graph (ClimateKG)] - A partnership project to make a knowledge graph of the 10,000 page Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report. ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://lex-olympia.toolforge.org Lex-Olympia] — A new tool for improving Wikidata Lexemes. Try it out and share your feedback with the developer and community. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Research study: AI tools for content verifiability on Wikidata. Researchers from King's College London are inviting Wikidata editors (especially those working on health or GLAM/cultural heritage content) to participate in a two-stage study (1-hour interview + 2-hour workshop) exploring how AI tools can support content verifiability. Participants receive compensation via Love2Shop vouchers. Sign up [https://qualtrics.kcl.ac.uk/jfe/form/SV_brAn2DKOrDz0fum here] (Qualtrics form). ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14801|‎BBFC release ID]], [[:d:Property:P14802|Silloria brands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14804|Silloria notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14805|Silloria perfumer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14806|Kinolights person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14808|Kinolights work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14809|‎BeerAdvocate beer style ID]], [[:d:Property:P14810|‎immaterieelerfgoed.be ID]], [[:d:Property:P14811|idw member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14812|Geoshape Repository municipality ID]], [[:d:Property:P14813|Filmová databáze seriál ID]], [[:d:Property:P14814|FIBA.basketball event ID]], [[:d:Property:P14815|dbv member slug]], [[:d:Property:P14816|Silloria perfumes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14817|SEASLUG.WORLD species ID]], [[:d:Property:P14818|parliament.uk constituency ID]], [[:d:Property:P14819|‎Judoresults judoka ID]], [[:d:Property:P14820|‎Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke ID]], [[:d:Property:P14821|IMCDB work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14822|Norwegian polarhistory ID]], [[:d:Property:P14824|CREDD'O catalog ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/substance control status|substance control status]] (<nowiki>control regime a substance is placed under in a jurisdiction or by an international treaty — schedule, class, or explicitly uncontrolled; qualify with "applies to jurisdiction" (P1001) and start/end time</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bibcode access status|Bibcode access status]] (<nowiki>Indicator of the access statement for a document on Bibcode</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/wowKorea Parson ID|wowKorea Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/wowKorea Work ID|wowKorea Work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TOWER RECORDS ONLINE artist ID|TOWER RECORDS ONLINE artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Antarctic Protected Areas database ID|Antarctic Protected Areas database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WikiPepper pepper ID|WikiPepper pepper ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inventory Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Netherlands ID|Inventory Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Netherlands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NAKED(X-DIABLO) actress ID|NAKED(X-DIABLO) actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Weibo ID|Weibo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Umamusume Wiki article ID|Umamusume Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du CREDD'O|Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du CREDD'O]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian NAPR identification number|Georgian NAPR identification number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Companyinfo.ge corporation ID|Companyinfo.ge corporation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/T&F NCAAdb athlete ID|T&F NCAAdb athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UkrBIN ID|UkrBIN ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Platform for Taiwan Religion and Folk Culture record identifier|Platform for Taiwan Religion and Folk Culture record identifier]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples:[https://w.wiki/Tc4r Railway stations map in the two Koreas] ''' Development ''' * REST API: We are continuing the work on making it possible to create a Lexeme and will then move on to adding statements to Lexemes. * GraphQL: We are working on moving the Item search from cirrussearch to mariadb to be able to add more functionality. * Newcomer homepage: We are updating the text to move it away from some Wikipedia-specific phrases (e.g. articles) * Mobile editing: We worked on not showing edit links on old revisions and diffs since those can not be edited. * Page load times: We continued looking into unnecessarily loaded modules related to the Wikidata Bridge to see if we can remove them and speed up page load times. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:32, 24 August 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30932448 --> == Tech News: 2026-35 == <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:42, 24 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wimmen's Comix]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Wimmen's Comix''''', later retitled (respelled) as Wimmin's Comix, is an influential all-female underground comics anthology published from 1972 to 1992. Though it covered a wide range of genres and subject matters, Wimmen's Comix focused more than other anthologies of the time on feminist concerns, homosexuality, sex and politics in general, and autobiographical comics. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:54, 31 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30988228 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #747 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-08-31. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#746]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/INAPerson 1|INAPerson 1]] - '''Task/s:''' Create Wikidata pages entries for mostly French journalists, using INA (French National Audiovisual Institute) catalogue as reference. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/DifoolBot 9|DifoolBot 9]] - '''Task/s:''' (1) Fix [[Property:P214|VIAF cluster ID <small>(P214)</small>]] statements deprecated for [[Q14946528|conflation <small>(Q14946528)</small>]] once VIAF has split the cluster. (2) Deprecate VIAF ID values that VIAF has since redirected or abandoned, and add the redirect target if it is not already on another Wikidata item. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Openpep|Openpep]] - '''Task/s:''' Maintenance of Politically Exposed Person (PEP) data on Wikidata for Thai government officials. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/DutchFixer|DutchFixer]] - '''Task/s:''' Reformat Dutch verb forms that are listed as [[Q1994301|past tense <small>(Q1994301)</small>]], [[Q814722|participle <small>(Q814722)</small>]] to simply use [[Q12717679|past participle <small>(Q12717679)</small>]] * Closed request for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/DL2204bot 4|DL2204bot 4]] - Closed as ''Approved'' **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Yirbot|Yirbot]] - Closed as ''Approved'' **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/RupumpedBot|RupumpedBot]] - Closed as ''Approved'' * Survey: The [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScv4BEQqn-sSsJNvIFCRgMDpr_K59Y0UjdXx5rO8MzAs4CRjw/viewform OpenRefine 2026 User Survey] is open. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** WikidataCon 2027 will be hosted in Istanbul, Türkiye from 29 to 31 October 2027, in partnership with the Wikimedians of Turkic Languages User Group. The dates mark Wikidata's 15th birthday. More details to follow. ** Wikidata Query Service Days, October 17-23: The next online event by Wikimedia Deutschland will be about the migration from Blazegraph to QLever. Learn what's changing, try the new system, and get help rewriting your queries. [[Event:Query Service Days 2026|Register now]]! ** Next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group session – 1 September 2026: Adélie Ranville will present how Wikidata can support literature reviews. [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/Wikidata_for_literature_review|Event page]] — 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST. ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #92 Sep. 7 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. * Looking ahead: [[w:Event:Wikidata_Day_NYC_2026|Wikidata Day in New York City 2026]] - hosted by the [[w:Pratt_Institute_School_of_Information|Pratt Institute School of Information]] on October 30, 19:00 - 23:00 CEST. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[Diffblog:beyond-wikipedia-a-technical-workshop-introducing-moroccan-teachers-to-wikidata-and-the-wikimedia-technical-ecosystem|Beyond Wikipedia: A Technical Workshop Introducing Moroccan Teachers to Wikidata and the Wikimedia Technical Ecosystem]] ** [[Diffblog:wiki-oto-2026-a-new-collaboration-to-make-african-women-more-visible|Wiki OTO 2026: A new collaboration to make African women more visible]] ** [[Diffblog:six-months-of-building-leaders-bridging-knowledge-gaps-and-strengthening-community-by-africa-wiki-women|Six Months of Building Leaders, Bridging Knowledge Gaps, and Strengthening Community by Africa Wiki Women]] ** [https://casrai.org/guides/wikidata-qid-pid-hub-research-entities Wikidata as a PID Hub for Research Entities: QIDs Alongside ORCID, ROR, and ISNI] - by CASRAI, a community-maintained open vocabulary for research administration project. * Videos: ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=a2qV2wHPE_s&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Wikidata Lab XLVIII: Outreach Dashboard], WM Brasil and EduWiki present Wikidata functionalities on the dashboard, including some new things coming. ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=D3Gb1079BB4&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m WikiTree How-To: BEE Extension for Wikidata] - WikiTree is a family-tree generator and now includes a Wikidata-powered extension that will help surface notables for inclusion. ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=Gz2-R-eBedk&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m LIVE Wikidata editing #125] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aK2bTdHhV8s Wikidata plug-in for ArchivesSpace] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-timetrail.toolforge.org/Wikidata Timetrail] is a tool by Nahom Araya it visualizes the movement of Wikidata items over time by mapping their associated events and locations. Enter an Item ID/Name and select a supported property from the dropdown list to fetch a timetrail. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The Wikimedia Deutschland software [[d:Wikidata:Linked Open Data development plan|development plan]] has been updated to include activity estimates for the third quarter (Q3). * The Wikidata development team is proposing a redesign of [[d:Special:NewItem|Special:NewItem]] with a warning banner and conflict-of-interest checkbox to reduce the increase in promotional editing. We need your feedback on the wording and designs. Head over to [[d:Wikidata:Reducing promotional editing|Wikidata:Reducing promotional editing]] and share your thoughts on the talk page by 15 September. * Due to an increase of non-notable item creation, and their subsequent request for deletion (and undeletion), a new page has been created. [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_new_items|Requests for new items]] exists for those who are unsure if their item idea is notable enough, or have a conflict of interest. The Wikidata Community can help by reviewing requests and offering advice. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14834|substance control status]] (<nowiki>control regime a substance is placed under in a jurisdiction or by an international treaty — schedule, class, or explicitly uncontrolled; qualify with "applies to jurisdiction" (P1001) and start/end time</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14825|animehack program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14826|animehack movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14827|animehack person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14828|Xcity maker ID]], [[:d:Property:P14829|XBIZ.com topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14830|WikiPepper pepper ID]], [[:d:Property:P14831|Seiyu Grand Prix person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14832|PinkLabel.TV performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14833|‎Antarctic Protected Areas database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14835|Infraestructuras de Portugal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14836|‎Umamusume Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14837|Tower Records Online artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14838|‎Inventory Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Netherlands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14839|SOMARXIU.CAT sardana ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Texas Legislators: Past & Present ID|Texas Legislators: Past & Present ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a legislator on the Legislative Reference Library of Texas website</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/file page start and file page end|file page start and file page end]] (<nowiki>indicate a page number of a pdf file, if multiple pages is involved</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Clubhouse|Clubhouse]] (<nowiki>A proposal to denote the buildings occupied by members clubs. This can be useful when the clubs change clubhouse or merge or cease to exist.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LPF rating|LPF rating]] (<nowiki>film and media rating in Malaysia by the Film Censorship Board</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/phonetic synthesis method|phonetic synthesis method]] (<nowiki>phonetic synthesis method used to process the recorded voice from a human source to build a voice bank</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans le Mémorial du clergé (1914-1918)|Identifiant dans le Mémorial du clergé (1914-1918)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sgpbusiness.com ID|sgpbusiness.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Redalyc author ID|Redalyc author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage glossary ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage glossary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Natural Heritage taxon ID|Brussels Inventory of Natural Heritage taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inventory of Movable Heritage designer ID|Inventory of Movable Heritage designer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage object type ID|Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage object type ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage material ID|Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage material ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage technique ID|Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage technique ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lunarstorm person ID|Lunarstorm person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/World Athletics competition ID|World Athletics competition ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archive in Baden-Württemberg ID|Archive in Baden-Württemberg ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arcinsys Niedersachsen/Bremen ID|Arcinsys Niedersachsen/Bremen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arcinsys Hessen ID|Arcinsys Hessen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sharjah Dictionary word ID|Sharjah Dictionary word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GenWiki|GenWiki]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stereo Ve Mono release ID|Stereo Ve Mono release ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kudos author ID|Kudos author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stiftungsarchive ID|Stiftungsarchive ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archivportal Thüringen ID|Archivportal Thüringen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/findbuch.net subdomain|findbuch.net subdomain]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Onderwijstermen Taalunie ID|Onderwijstermen Taalunie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Allotrope Foundation Ontology function ID|Allotrope Foundation Ontology function ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Allotrope Foundation Ontology process ID|Allotrope Foundation Ontology process ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Allotrope Foundation Ontology quality ID|Allotrope Foundation Ontology quality ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Allotrope Foundation Ontology role ID|Allotrope Foundation Ontology role ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Allotrope Foundation Ontology result ID|Allotrope Foundation Ontology result ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant de l'annuaire Drag France|Identifiant de l'annuaire Drag France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Statistics Finland Concept Database ID|Statistics Finland Concept Database ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/T$Ys Items with a P275 value (''copyright licence'')] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Stefan_K%C3%BChn-20260825102100-Janhrach-20260825093200|(source)]] ** [https://w.wiki/TfC$ English adverbs missing a P5238 (''combines lexemes'') value] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Piecesofuk-20260820075100-English_adverbs_missing_P5238|(source)]] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E311|English adverb (E311)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Organized_Labour|Project Organized Labour]], a companion Project to [[w:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Organized_Labour|Wikipedia's WikiProject]], it is established to expand articles and items, properties and ontologies for collective bargaining/organised labour and trade union practices. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_chublets-software|Project Chublets Software]] * WikiProject Highlights: Project Ontology added subpages for [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/CCO|CC0]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/DOLCE|DOLCE]] and [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/BFO/Class_Order|BFO Class order]]. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Deaths_at_Wikipedia|Deaths at Wikipedia]] - This report collects items missing a [[d:Property:P570|P570 ''(date of death)'']] but they do feature in a Wikipedia 'Recent Deaths' article. ''' Development ''' * Query Service: We have continued adapting the Constraints system for the migration from Blazegraph to QLever. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: ** We are investigating how to treat watchlist and recent changes entries from Wikidata that are about adding, changing or removing a sitelink. These seem to be category of Wikidata changes not everyone is interested in and a candidate for filtering. ** We looked into how to make the process of adding Wikidata support for a newly created Wikimedia projects less manual for the team and did a proof of concept for automating some of the database operations. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Tunisia|Tunisia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:22, 31 August 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30932448 --> == Tech News: 2026-36 == <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 31 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == This Month in Education: August 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 8 • August 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Coordinating Wikimedia's Presence in Iraqi Universities|Coordinating Wikimedia's Presence in Iraqi Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/The EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Is Now Available in Spanish|The EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Is Now Available in Spanish]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wiki and democracy campaign launches in Brazil|Wiki and democracy campaign launches in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wiki Clubs strengthen youth participation in open knowledge in the Philippines|Wiki Clubs strengthen youth participation in open knowledge in the Philippines]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wikidata for research in the UI1|Wikidata for research in the UI1]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Nupe Wikipedia Hits 1,000 Articles: The Next Chapter in Our Knowledge Journey |Nupe Wikipedia Hits 1,000 Articles: The Next Chapter in Our Knowledge Journey]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Recruiting newcomers to preserve Yiddish using Wiktionary as a tool|Recruiting newcomers to preserve Yiddish using Wiktionary as a tool]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Voices in Our Hands: How Nigerian Kids are Documenting Nigerian Sign Language for the World|Voices in Our Hands: How Nigerian Kids are Documenting Nigerian Sign Language for the World]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wiki in Schools, Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in Schools, Architecture and Open Heritage]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/More than 200 registrations, 22 speakers, and seven hours of shared experience: Wikimedia Ukraine’s Education Community Conference 2026|More than 200 registrations, 22 speakers, and seven hours of shared experience: Wikimedia Ukraine’s Education Community Conference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Launch of Wikifying a Conference handbook|Launch of Wikifying a Conference handbook]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/EduWiki Hub Updates: Working Groups Feedback Session and a New Roundtable for Program Officers|EduWiki Hub Updates: Working Groups Feedback Session and a New Roundtable for Program Officers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Curiosity through academic inquiry - learning by writing Wikipedia articles in Serbia|Curiosity through academic inquiry - learning by writing Wikipedia articles in Serbia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 17:54, 1 September 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30917014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulet affair]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulet affair''', also known as British Hawaii, was the insubordinate five-month occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1843 by British naval officer Captain Lord George Paulet, of HMS Carysfort. It was ended by the arrival of American warships sent to defend Hawaii's independence. The British government in London did not authorise the move and it had no official status. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 7 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30993988 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #748 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-09-07. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#747]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/HsfBot|HsfBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Mostly add missing Indonesian Wikipedia sitelinks to Wikidata items for taxonomy templates created by HsfBot on idwiki. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/CrossrefIDsBot|CrossrefIDsBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding Crossref ID, DOI, Print ISSN, and Online ISSN from Crossref dataset where they are missing in Wikidata. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/CatmapperBot|CatmapperBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add [[Property:P14249|SocioMap ID]] statements for reviewed SocioMap category mappings, and provisionally add [[Property:P2888|exact match]] URLs for reviewed ArchaMap category mappings until Wikidata approves an ArchaMap-specific identifier property. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/BenchfolkBot|BenchfolkBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add or correct sourced statements on existing items after explicit human approval. * New request for comments: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Request for comments: in country of citizenship (P27), to remove class political territorial entity (Q1048835) as a valid value-type constraint (Q21510865)|Class Q1048835 as a not valid value-type constraint]] - To remove an incorrect value for {{Q|Q21510865}} for [[d:Property:P27|P27 <small>''(country of citizenship)''</small>]] ** [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-Qbli2mHd-20260906142300-Anything_goes_for_P18?|Project chat: What images are appropriate for P18?]] - a lengthy discussion about quality control and what is acceptable for a [[d:Property:P18|P18 <small>''(image)''</small>]] value. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: [https://www.sanchoelsabio.eus/en/actividades/taller-abierto-documentando-las-biografias-del-patrimonio-cultural-vasco-en-wikipedia-y-wikidata-22092026/ac-57/ Open Workshop: Connecting Basque heritage authors (Persons and entities) in Wikipedia and Wikidata] - 22 September - 09:00 - 11:30 CEST. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: What Does a Wikidata-Powered Abstract Wikipedia Article Look Like? (Links: [https://jsamwrites.substack.com/p/what-does-a-wikidata-powered-abstract Substack] and [https://jsamwrites.medium.com/what-does-a-wikidata-powered-abstract-wikipedia-article-look-like-91c071859780 Medium]) * Papers: Bemme, J., & Winkler, A. (2026). Mehr Edits wagen? Virtuelle Ausstellungen erschließen mit Wikidata und Commons. LIBREAS. Library Ideas, (48). https://doi.org/10.18452/37905 / https://libreas.eu/ausgabe48/bemme/ ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://tabernacle.toolforge.org/#/tab Tabernacle] is a tool by [[User: Magnus Manske]] it generates a table of Wikidata items and statements. Allows for quick addition of some types via WiDaR. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The 10th issue of the [[Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|Wikidata Platform Newsletter]] is out. Also remember to join the [[Event:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours - Sept 2026|next Blazegraph Migration Office Hour]], that will take place [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788883200 Tuesday, 8th September 2026 at 16:00 UTC] * [https://thecastlemap.com/ The Castle Map] - every Castle, Fortress and Palace recorded on Wikidata, on a map. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14840|CREDDO author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14841|‎World Athletics competition ID]], [[:d:Property:P14842|Platform for Taiwan Religion and Folk Culture record identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14843|T&F NCAAdb athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P14844|COMDT author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14845|Clergy Memorial (1914-1918) ID]], [[:d:Property:P14846|‎Texas Legislators: Past & Present ID]], [[:d:Property:P14847|Stiftungsarchive ID]], [[:d:Property:P14848|Redalyc author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14849|Kudos author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pokémon Ability|Pokémon Ability]] (<nowiki>Pokémon Ability assigned to this Pokémon species or form in games of the Pokémon series</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Collective bargaining coverage|Collective bargaining coverage]] (<nowiki>Percentage of workers covered by collective agreement coverage. This is distinct from union membership rate, because non-union members can also be covered, for example France has 7% union density but 98% collective bargaining coverage.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/encompasses|encompasses]] (<nowiki>specific entity this placeholder item may represent when the exact one is unknown</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/marionetteist|marionetteist]] (<nowiki>Person who manipulates a marionette in real time to create the illusion of life.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has expression of concern|has expression of concern]] (<nowiki>(article) has an expression of concern (expression of concern notice)</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Common Core Ontologies concept ID|Common Core Ontologies concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AbeBooks author ID|AbeBooks author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DEHIO digital Deutschland Bauwerk ID|DEHIO digital Deutschland Bauwerk ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VocaDB tag ID|VocaDB tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CCLI song ID|CCLI song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LIDO concept ID|LIDO concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Telegraph topic ID|The Telegraph topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BLL-Ontology concept ID|BLL-Ontology concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GOLD linguistic concept ID|GOLD linguistic concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISBNdb author ID|ISBNdb author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BookWyrm author ID|BookWyrm author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BookWyrm book ID|BookWyrm book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/China Railway station telegraph code|China Railway station telegraph code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Darija.io ID|Darija.io ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vietnamese Administrative Unit Codes|Vietnamese Administrative Unit Codes]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Officials of Nazi Reich Ministries ID|Officials of Nazi Reich Ministries ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fandom.com universe page|Fandom.com universe page]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KennisWest ID|KennisWest ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du Centre Delavouët|identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du Centre Delavouët]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Phenotype and Trait Ontology ID|Phenotype and Trait Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Governors’ Association ID|National Governors’ Association ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Numista engraver or designer ID|Numista engraver or designer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Alabama ID (new schema)|Encyclopedia of Alabama ID (new schema)]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/UGCJ UNESCO Heritage sites 100km or less from the centre of the Meditrranean Sea] [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Stefan_K%C3%BChn-20260907113600-Ecritures-20260906215500|(source)]] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E213|spaceport]] (E213): schema for [[d:Q194188|spaceport ''<small>(Q194188)</small>'']] locations, used to launch and receive spacecraft. * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Medicine/Knee_Arthroplasty|Project Medicine / Knee Arthroplasty]] - a comprehensive subpage to model the techniques and procedures for knee-related surgery. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Same_humans/Occupations_(1–50)|Same Humans/List by Occupations]] - this report presents possible human duplicates by comparing name and birth/death dates. They can be reviewed and flagged for merging and/or deletion. ''' Development ''' * Sustainability: ** We are looking into improvements to caching for Property labels ([[phab:T434204]]) ** We are continuing to prepare the move of the entity_usage table to the extension database cluster. Moving the tables is tentatively scheduled to begin after 24. September. ([[phab:T427472]]) * Newcomer homepage: We are working on making the [[d:Special:Homepage|Newcomer Homepage]] show labels for Items instead of just the ID ([[phab:T429345]]) * Wikidata changes in Watchlist and Recent changes of Wikipedia and co: We are deciding how filtering will look for hiding language link changes on wikis where the sitelink has not changed ([[phab:T435904]]) * REST API: We are continuing to expand the support for Lexemes in the API, specifically creating a Lexeme, adding a statement to a Lexeme and adding a Form to a Lexeme [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Tunisia|Tunisia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:03, 7 September 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30932448 --> == Tech News: 2026-37 == <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback. * The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi> instead of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi> option, as gadgets are always loaded through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:41, 7 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VIII, August 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Hot August/Cold August * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Love Monuments and new phase of Museu Paulista collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Catalan areas report|Catalan areas report]]: The Catalan public domain: An application to identify Catalan works in public domain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Explore the Colombian public domain app: Browse works an authors in the public domain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Wikimedia CR introduces new members of GLAM/partnership team * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: Egypt’s GLAM Team Brings Egyptian Postal History and Public Libraries to Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: The Musical Heritage of the Santa Cecilia Conservatory * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Thesis Project Update and the upcoming TDWG 2026 conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Connecting Culture and Free Knowledge - Wikimedia MKD’s GLAM Partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: August in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Summer, Follow-up in Aarau, CoCreation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wikimedia gets Gazetted + Islamic Calligraphy on English Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: OpenGLAM Summer 2026 in Ukraine * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM USA Report (Past & Upcoming) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Ghana national register * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Wikimedia Commons report|Wikimedia Commons report]]: Media loading change affects Commons Impact Metrics and GLAM analytics * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:37, 11 September 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=31028447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:No-AI label]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:No AI Sign.svg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''no-AI label''' is a label used on a product to signify that it was not made using generative AI. Phrases on the labels include but are not limited to "human-made", "proudly human" and "AI-free". Some organisations that provide the labels allow product creators to download and use their no-AI labels for free, while others charge creators for analysing the content and allowing the use of the labels if the organisation believes that no AI was used. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 14 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31028050 --> == Tech News: 2026-38 == <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]]. * The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a "read more" button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks. * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:28, 14 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #749 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-09-14. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#748]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Chrisahn|Chrisahn]] **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Amitie 10g|Amitie 10g]] :<small>Both RfPs are scheduled to end after 17 September 2026 21:56 (UTC)</small> * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/William Avery Bot 15|William Avery Bot 15]] - '''Task/s:''' Automatically update [[Wikidata:Administrators by language]], as requested at [[Wikidata:Bot requests#Request to automatically update Wikidata:Administrators by language (2026-08-04)]] * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/CrossrefIDsBot|CrossrefIDsBot]] - Closed as Approved * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Request_for_comments:_in_country_of_citizenship_(P27),_to_remove_class_political_territorial_entity_(Q1048835)_as_a_valid_value-type_constraint_(Q21510865)|Should class ''political territorial entity <small>(Q1048835)</small>'' as a valid ''value-type constraint <small>(Q21510865)</small>'' be removed from ''country of citizenship <small>(P27)</small>'' ?]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #93 Oct. 5 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ** Next Linked Data for Libraries [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group] session: Tuesday, September 15, 2026 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1789488000 Time zone converter]). Adélie Ranville demonstrates useful tools around bibliographic data and citations in Wikidata, Wikipedia and Wikiversity, including Zotero, Cita, and Tabernacle.::Event page: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/Wikidata_for_literature_review|WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/'''Wikidata for literature review''']] * '''[[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday|Wikidata's 14th Birthday]] is approaching!''' Join us October 29 for a Birthday call. ** [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3536|Register]] to receive updates and news ** [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday/Run_an_event|Run a local event]] or [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday/Calendar|find events]] to join near you. ** Join the [[d:Event:Wikidata_Fourteenth_Birthday/Presents_%26_messages_call|Birthday Call]] and see what Presents and Messages will be shared. * WikiCon (Regensburg) 2026 - the conference dedicated to the German-speaking Wikipedia and sister projects communities, is taking place from 18 - 20 September. The sessions involving Wikidata: [[:de:Wikipedia:WikiCon_2026/Programm/Wikidata_–_9_Jahre_danach|Wikidata - 9 Years later]], [[:de:Wikipedia:WikiCon_2026/Programm/Quellen_in_Wikidata_eingeben|Enter sources in Wikidata]], [[:de:Wikipedia:WikiCon_2026/Programm/Unkompliziert_Wikidata_erkunden_(usefulQueries)|Easily explore Wikidata (UsefulQueries)]], and [[:de:Wikipedia:WikiCon_2026/Programm/WikiProjekt_Stolpersteine_goes_Wikidata|WikiProject Stolpersteine goes Wikidata]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://medium.com/@javierzomeo/how-i-inferred-the-family-relationships-of-nearly-one-million-people-from-wikidata-99724fd966fb Medium: How I inferred the family relationships of nearly 1 million people, from Wikidata] ** (Deutsch) [https://www.wikimedia.de/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Wikidata_in_Museen_Archiven_und_Bibliotheken.pdf Wikidata in Museen, Archiven und Bibliotheken (PDF)] * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=in3M5o_CMKM Live Wikidata Editing #126] ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4eS1tcQzYE Workshop: Digital Humanities Methodologies Applied to Research] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9-MDvkO2Ow Sep 2026 Community Call: International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) & Wikimedia] - can IIIF be integrated with Wikimedia platforms, or as a Wikibase instance? ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5lxvetWlGqQ&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence Campaign Launch 2026 using Wikidata] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://lex-olympia.toolforge.org/ Lex-Olympia] is a tool by [[User: Luca.favorido]] it is an open, gamified challenge platform for exploring Wikidata lexemes, born as a successor to the now-unmaintained Lexeme Challenge tool. Players test their language knowledge by matching audio, hyphenations, and concepts to lexemes, competing via scores and a weekly leaderboard. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * WM Turkic languages user group ([https://www.instagram.com/p/Dc__Z8OxISH/ instagram post]): official co-hosts of WikidataCon 2027; Istanbul, Türkiye, in collaboration with Üsküdar University. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14867|phonetic synthesis method]] (<nowiki>phonetic synthesis method used to process the recorded voice from a human source to build a voice bank</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14869|‎LPF rating]] (<nowiki>film and media rating in Malaysia by the Film Censorship Board</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14875|‎Collective bargaining coverage]] (<nowiki>Percentage of workers covered by collective agreement coverage. This is distinct from union membership rate, because non-union members can also be covered, for example France has 7% union density but 98% collective bargaining coverage.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14881|has Pokémon Ability]] (<nowiki>Pokémon Ability assigned to this Pokémon species or form in games of the Pokémon series</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14850|‎Allotrope Foundation Ontology function ID]], [[:d:Property:P14851|‎Allotrope Foundation Ontology process ID]], [[:d:Property:P14852|‎Allotrope Foundation Ontology quality ID]], [[:d:Property:P14853|‎Allotrope Foundation Ontology result ID]], [[:d:Property:P14854|‎Allotrope Foundation Ontology role ID]], [[:d:Property:P14855|Arcinsys Hessen ID]], [[:d:Property:P14856|Arcinsys Niedersachsen/Bremen ID]], [[:d:Property:P14858|Archivportal Thüringen ID]], [[:d:Property:P14860|Baden-Württemberg archives ID]], [[:d:Property:P14861|BookWyrm author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14862|BookWyrm book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14863|VocaDB tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P14864|Statistics Finland Concept Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14866|sgpbusiness.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P14868|‎LIDO concept ID]], [[:d:Property:P14870|‎Common Core Ontologies concept ID]], [[:d:Property:P14871|GenWiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14872|findbuch ID]], [[:d:Property:P14873|Darija.io ID]], [[:d:Property:P14874|‎China Railway telegraph code]], [[:d:Property:P14876|‎Sharjah Dictionary word ID]], [[:d:Property:P14877|CCLI song ID]], [[:d:Property:P14878|‎DEHIO digital Deutschland Bauwerk ID]], [[:d:Property:P14879|Vietnamese administrative unit code]], [[:d:Property:P14880|UkrBIN ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/stylized representation|stylized representation]] (<nowiki>stylized visual representation of the subject</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Former country|Former country]] (<nowiki>Historical country that was in force at the time of this event/object or in the past</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/North Dakota Legislative Assembly biography ID|North Dakota Legislative Assembly biography ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a biography at the North Dakota Legislative Assembly</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wyoming Legislator Database ID|Wyoming Legislator Database ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a biography in the Wyoming Legislator Database</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European Legislation Identifier|European Legislation Identifier]] (<nowiki>EU legislation identifier for documents published by the EU, its member states and other (non-EU) countries</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Visa requirement|Visa requirement]] (<nowiki>Requirement for a non-citizen to enter a country</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FilmBaze people ID|FilmBaze people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EHRI Institution ID|EHRI Institution ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar Topics|Climate Policy Radar Topics]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SEASLUG.WORLD taxon ID|SEASLUG.WORLD taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Verenigingsloket vCode|Verenigingsloket vCode]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/StoryGraph book ID|StoryGraph book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/China Railway Pinyin code|China Railway Pinyin code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ZFIN person ID|ZFIN person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BallotReady person ID|BallotReady person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Film Archive of Japan ID|National Film Archive of Japan ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Baza osób polskich ID|Baza osób polskich ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mycelium entity ID|Mycelium entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant DDH|identifiant DDH]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Alberta Legislative Assembly member ID|Alberta Legislative Assembly member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Homeostasis imbalance process ontology|Homeostasis imbalance process ontology]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga (DBBL) Spieler ID|Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga (DBBL) Spieler ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital Momijiyama Bunko ID|Digital Momijiyama Bunko ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kunaicho Shoryobu Shuzo Kanseki Shuran ID|Kunaicho Shoryobu Shuzo Kanseki Shuran ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Union Catalogue Database of Japanese Texts ID|Union Catalogue Database of Japanese Texts ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Siwar entry ID|Siwar entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISDCF studio identifier|ISDCF studio identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISDCF facility identifier|ISDCF facility identifier]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/UGb4 Tram stops per network map] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E133|adminstrative district in Turkey (E133)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Medicine/Knee Arthroplasty|WikiProject Medicine/Knee Arthroplasty]] maintains structured data for knee replacement on Wikidata, covering the procedure tree and the taxonomy of surgical techniques, with a literature layer of referenced scholarly articles. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LGBT/Duga|WikiProject LGBT / Duga]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Victims_of_National_Socialism/Data_Model|Project Victims of National Socialism / Data model]] ''' Development ''' * Query Service migration: We are adapting more of the example queries for QLever * Mobile editing: We are making minor adjustments in preparation for the rollout for everyone * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: ** We are continuing to automate the connection of Wikidata to newly-created wikis, and replace the sites table with a Sitematrix lookup, which is more efficient ([[phab:T431093]]) ** We are continuing the research into how best to handle changes for language link updates in Recent changes and Watchlist, which are mostly considered not relevant for editors [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Tunisia|Tunisia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:59, 14 September 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30932448 --> == ''The Signpost'': 16 September 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/News and notes|The Balance of Power]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/In the media|Shocking photos may be changed on Wikipedia]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Disinformation report|Have UN Secretary-General candidates manipulated Wikipedia?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Recent research|Google's AI overviews may have reduced search engine referrals to English Wikipedia by 5%]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/WikiConference report|The backwater symbiosis – reflections from Wiki Conference India 2026]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Traffic report|Heaven let your light shine down]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Serendipity|Wikipedia Family Mosh Pit]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Obituary|Passing of Gobonobo, community leader advocating for women and minorities]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/On the bright side|Fantasy video games, hopeful science fiction, and the change of seasons]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Comix|The Adventure of the Unknown Corpse]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 02:11, 16 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=31028446 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Scotty (dinosaur)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Scotty Tyrannosaurus.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Scotty''' is the nickname for the Tyrannosaurus rex fossil, catalogued as RSM P2523.8, that was discovered in Saskatchewan, Canada in 1991.[3] The fossilised remains were painstakingly removed, almost completely by hand, over two decades from the rock in which they were embedded. When the preparation was complete in 2011, an around 65% complete T. rex skeleton was revealed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:02, 21 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31045260 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #750 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-09-21. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#749]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Kvazimodo|Kvazimodo]] :<small>RfP is scheduled to end after 26 September 2026 08:42 (UTC)</small> * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator#Chrisahn|Chrisahn]] - voting has been closed. * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/BenchfolkBot|BenchfolkBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add or correct sourced statements on existing items after explicit human approval. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/CatmapperBot|CatmapperBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add [[Property:P14249|SocioMap ID]] statements for reviewed SocioMap category mappings, and provisionally add [[Property:P2888|exact match]] URLs for reviewed ArchaMap category mappings until Wikidata approves an ArchaMap-specific identifier property. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/HsfBot|HsfBot]] - Closed as Approved * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Add properties to the Deletion policy|Add properties to the Deletion policy]] - following a [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-Amitie_10g-20260902214200-Should_identifier_properties_be_deleted_when_the_external_website_goes_offline?|Project Chat]] discussion, suggestions for an amendment to the policy are being discussed and your feedback is welcome. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[m:Open_Knowledge:_Wikimedia_%26_Research_in_the_CEE_Region/Registration_%26_scholarships|Open Knowledge Wikimedia Research in the CEE Region]], online participation to the Conference is still open, [[m:Open_Knowledge:_Wikimedia_%26_Research_in_the_CEE_Region/Registration_%26_scholarships|register here]]: 09 - 10 October. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Papers: ** [https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20057 WiCleanData: Guaranteeing the Type Consistency of Wikidata by Taxonomy Refinement and Constraint Enforcement] by Peng et al., (2026). ** [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/414343459_The_Wikibase_Ecosystem_in_DH_and_GLAM The Wikibase Ecosystem in Digital Humanities and GLAM] by Lindemann et al., (2026). * Videos: (Swedish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8clrj_3MG4 The SAT trail in OSM and Wikidata] by Magnus Sälgö. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-todo.toolforge.org/cloudy_concept.php Concept cloud] - Shows language labels for Wikipedia links from a Wikidata item, and allows label editing. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Job vacancy: [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/8060261?gh_src=4n8hpqkx1us Software Engineer, Wikidata Platform] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14885|Wyoming Legislator Database ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a biography in the Wyoming Legislator Database</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14891|‎has expression of concern]] (<nowiki>(article) has an expression of concern (expression of concern notice)</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14882|National Governors’ Association ID]], [[:d:Property:P14883|Numista engraver or designer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14884|‎Phenotype and Trait Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P14886|‎ZFIN person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14887|Association Service Desk vCode]], [[:d:Property:P14888|Nazi Reich Ministries ID]], [[:d:Property:P14889|‎North Dakota Legislative Assembly biography ID]], [[:d:Property:P14890|KennisWest ID]], [[:d:Property:P14892|‎GOLD linguistic concept ID]], [[:d:Property:P14897|‎Alberta Legislative Assembly member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14900|EHRI Institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P14901|‎Encyclopedia of Alabama ID (new schema)]], [[:d:Property:P14902|National Film Archive of Japan ID]], [[:d:Property:P14903|‎Homeostasis imbalance process ontology]], [[:d:Property:P14904|DDH ID]], [[:d:Property:P14905|Economic Operators Registration and Identification number]], [[:d:Property:P14907|wowKorea work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14908|wowKorea Person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/illustrator (character)|illustrator (character)]] (<nowiki>artist who illustrated the character</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/contribution URL|contribution URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a page explaining how to participate in or contribute to a project or organization</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Holy See cardinal biography ID|Holy See cardinal biography ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a cardinal's biography at the website of the Holy See</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Atomic radius, covalent radius and van der Waals radius|Atomic radius, covalent radius and van der Waals radius]] (<nowiki>measured or calculated radius of an atom of a chemical element</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Register of British Slave Traders person ID|Register of British Slave Traders person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tric Trac|Tric Trac]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PsychonautWiki article ID|PsychonautWiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hitchwiki article ID|Hitchwiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Raras disease ID|Raras disease ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Heritage Overlay Number|Heritage Overlay Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Techniques de l'Ingénieur author ID|Techniques de l'Ingénieur author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nbsearch|nbsearch]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Indian Film History film ID|Indian Film History film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Indian Film History person ID|Indian Film History person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VideoGamesCritic game ID|VideoGamesCritic game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificador Eldoblatge d'actor original|identificador Eldoblatge d'actor original]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificador Eldoblatge d'actor de doblatge|identificador Eldoblatge d'actor de doblatge]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E206|(E206) ''Stolperstein'']]: Stumbling blocks, commemorative plaques set into the ground for victims of Nazism. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Taiwan/Wikidata_Cross-Domain_Forum|(Traditional Chinese) Project Taiwan: Wikidata Cross-Domain Forum]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course/Projects_Offering_3|Project Ontology: Course Offering 3]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:User:Ivan_A._Krestinin/To_merge/Categories|Categories (to merge)]] - this list generated by User:Ivan A. Krestinin suggests potential duplicate categories. ''' Development ''' * [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Tunisia|Tunisia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:09, 21 September 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31043091 --> == Tech News: 2026-39 == <section begin="technews-2026-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 23 September 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1790172000 14:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team tested a new post-edit notice designed to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#4. Encourage Temporary Accounts to Register|encourage Temporary Account holders to register for a permanent account]]. The new notice replaced multiple dialogs and a simultaneous welcome notification with a single message highlighting the benefits of creating an account. The experiment increased permanent account creation from 1.94% to 3.66%, an 87% relative increase. The change will now be released to all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433551] * For Wikipedia editors using the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|"Suggestion mode" Beta Feature]], there is a [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-editcheck-experimental|new opt-in user preference]] for showing "experimental" edit checks and suggestions. These types are listed at [[Special:EditChecks#experimental-checks|Special:EditChecks]], and are intended for early developer-testing and for gathering feedback from experienced users. Administrators can change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|configuration details]] for each suggestion as usual. Administrators can also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Experimental Suggestions|use this feature]] to help test their community's ideas for locally created checks and suggestions. Experimental types will have a more distinct visual style later this week. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * The [[m:CEE Technical Village Pump|CEE Technical Village Pump]] has been launched as a space for technical discussions and collaboration among Wikimedia communities in Central and Eastern Europe. * A new tool, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|Starter Kit]], is now available for new and small language Wikipedia communities. It brings together guided tasks, tools, and resources to help communities get started, monitor their progress, and collaborate with the broader Wikimedia community. Starter Kit is hosted on Wikimedia Toolforge and is designed for Wikipedias with fewer than 50,000 articles. Learn more about how Starter Kit works and how communities have been using it in [[diffblog:2026/09/18/introducing-starter-kit-for-new-and-small-language-wikipedias/|this Diff blog post]]. * The Reader Growth team is launching a retest of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|image carousel experiment]]. The retest will use three new versions of the design, updated based on community feedback. The team will assess results and determine with communities whether or not to proceed with the feature. The experiment will begin the week of September 28 and will run on Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, Farsi, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * After successful rollouts to Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]] from the Reader Experience team will be available to all logged-in users on all Wikipedia wikis starting September 28. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the mentor status script repeatedly updated mentors’ status even when nothing had changed, creating unnecessary Recent Changes entries, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436659] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, used to retrieve specific details about active or historical abuse filters configured on a wiki, has been updated to support the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>formatversion=2</nowiki></code></bdi> configuration parameter, thereby leading to breaking changes to the API response. All users who maintain user-scripts or other code need to check if they use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, and respond to any breaking changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435828] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:53, 27 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31085309 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Descartes Highlands]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Apollo 16 landingsite.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Descartes Highlands''' is an area of lunar highlands located on the near side that served as the landing site of the American Apollo 16 mission in early 1972. The Descartes Highlands is located in the area surrounding Descartes crater, after which the feature received its name <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:27, 28 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31087748 --> == Tech News: 2026-40 == <section begin="technews-2026-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of default skins on desktop and mobile web (Vector 2022 and Minerva respectively) will now be informed if the search suggestions displayed as they type into Search come from page redirects. Previously, users could get confused when the top search suggestions did not match exactly what they had typed. The new redirect notice clarifies that these suggestions are not random, but related to the search. The suggested pages may be redirects to the most relevant destination articles being searched for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303013] * Logged-out Wikipedia users on mobile web will begin to see a bookmark button for saving articles to their [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] instead of the current Watchstar button. When clicked, the bookmark button prompts users to log in or create an account to save an article for later. An earlier experiment found that the bookmark icon was four times more likely than the Watchstar button to encourage logged-out users to create an account. This change is part of efforts to encourage more readers to become account holders and use features that help them save and return to content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T438769] * An experiment will begin on September 29 on Spanish, Arabic, English, and French Wikipedias to simplify the experience users encounter immediately after account creation. The test will explore whether removing friction from the current Welcome Survey helps new users understand what to do next more easily. The experiment will run through the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430058] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has put out a call for the community to suggest topics that it should consider and discuss with the Wikimedia Foundation. Editors and technical contributors are invited to add topics to [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council|the council's talk page]]. * Later this week, it will be possible for communities to configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit Checks and Suggestions]] so that they are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#extraNamespaces|shown within additional namespaces]], such as a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Draft:</nowiki></code></bdi> namespace. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * A bug in the [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] is causing the page to fail to load for users that have unseen changes on Wikimedia Commons. Developers are working on a fix. Until then, affected users can follow the workarounds described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist#GlobalWatchlist temporarily broken for users with Wikimedia Commons|relevant]] help section. * New magic words <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:TIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:RTIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> are now available for use. They are able to change the default sorting of categories to be based on timestamp of categorization. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was not reachable has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The datacenter switchover, scheduled on September 23, has been postponed. [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|The equinox exercise]] revealed capacity issues, preventing the switch of all services to the other datacenter. The process has been paused, prioritizing investigating that issue, to ensure that we continue to be able to serve our users reliably. A new exercise will be scheduled. Meanwhile, all traffic and edits continue to work as usual. * On September 23, a power loss briefly affected all wikis, creating intermittent issues on both reading and editing modes. This also affected Gerrit. This is unrelated to the datacenter switchover postponement. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/9fm19t8qykk8] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Produnto|Produnto]] has been deployed to mediawiki.org and [[phab:T421436|some Indic language wikis]]. We want to hear your feedback on this experimental product. Produnto allows users to use Lua modules hosted in [[gitlab:repos/lua|Wikimedia's GitLab]]. It simplifies the sharing of Lua code between wikis. Instead of copying each individual Lua module from one wiki to another, users will be able to easily share packages across all wikis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[m:Event:Cross-wiki Code Collaboration Workshop|Cross-wiki code collaboration workshop]] will be held online on October 2 at 12:30 UTC, bringing together South Asian technical contributors to learn about Produnto and begin piloting it on Hindi, Punjabi, Odia, Telugu, and Malayalam Wikipedias. Produnto is a package manager for deploying Lua modules hosted on GitLab to Wikimedia wikis, and was recently deployed on some pilot wikis. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:46, 28 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31092225 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #751 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-09-28. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#750]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/MamouriBot|MamouriBot]], '''Task/s:''' Add census demographics — population, male population, female population, and no. of households — to existing Iranian settlement items identified by ''[[d:Property:P1010|Iran statistics ID (P1010)]]'', from the Statistical Center of Iran censuses of 1385 (2006) and 1395 (2016). ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The program for the Wikidata Query Service Days (October 17-23) is now published, covering the migration from Blazegraph to QLever with sessions for editors, reusers, and tool builders; see the event page for details and [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026#Sessions|schedule]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[Diffblog:from-university-research-to-free-knowledge-academics-discover-wikimedia/|From University Research to Free Knowledge: Academics Discover Wikimedia]] by [[m:User:Osps7|User:Osps7]] ** [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/wikidata-bulk-snapshots-batches/ WM Enterprise: Wikidata Bulk snapshots] ** [https://www.wikiloveswomen.org/2026/08/31/wiki-oto-2026-wiki-loves-women-and-africa-wiki-women-join-forces Wiki OTO 2026: Wiki Loves Women and Africa Wiki Women join forces!] ** [https://freeknowledgeafrica.org/making-african-restitution-efforts-more-visible/ Making African Restitution Efforts More Visible] * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/html/2609.29474v1 CodeGraph: Open-Taxonomy Knowledge Graph for Source Code with Wikidata Grounding] by Pennino et al., (2026). * Videos: **When the Old Constraints Disappear: Work and Creativity in the Age of AI (Wikipedia->Wikidata->Wikifunctions->Abstract Wikipedia), John Samuel, Mindstone AI Meetup, September 22, 2026, Lyon, France ([https://community.mindstone.com/annotate/article_BAlTTMiMLlNJjjRpAn Video], [https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/When_the_Old_Constraints_Disappear_Work_and_Creativity_in_the_Age_of_AI_Mindstone_AI_Meetup_Lyon_-_John_Samuel/33968791 Slides]) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BS0BZF5WhRg&pp=ygUIV2lraWRhdGE%3D AI BRIDGES Open Forum meeting - September 2026] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://humansmap.com/gallery/gallery.html#power HumansMap Gallery] - The site offers various type of visualizations, and offers the possibility to navigate through connections between people and organizations, based on your interests, powered by Wikidata. * [https://bookitemizer.toolforge.org/ 📚 Wikidata Book Itemizer] It is a simple tool to catalog books on Wikidata! Creating work and edition items manually on Wikidata with proper metadata and multilingual labels can often be tedious and error-prone. Wikidata Book Itemizer automates this entire process with a simple form! ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is researching how to improve interoperability between Wikidata, Wikibase Cloud, and Wikibase Suite. If you've worked with data imports or staging, or even if you haven't, your input would be valuable. The [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/LOD-Interoperability-Migration survey] takes 5 to 10 minutes and is anonymous. More information on the background of the questions: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy#Context|Wikidata:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy#Context]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14909|Union Catalogue Database of Japanese Texts ID]], [[:d:Property:P14910|‎Siwar entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P14911|Kunaicho Shoryobu Shuzo Kanseki Shuran ID]], [[:d:Property:P14912|‎Emulation General Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14913|Digital Momijiyama Bunko ID]], [[:d:Property:P14914|Raras disease ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Writers at Risk database ID|Writers at Risk database ID]] (<nowiki>Identifier in the PEN America Writers at Risk database, cataloging writers threatened, imprisoned, and jailed worldwide</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ohio Entity Number|Ohio Entity Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NZPCN legacy ID|NZPCN legacy ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Žmonės.lt topic ID|Žmonės.lt topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jersey HER Reference|Jersey HER Reference]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le Maitron|Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le Maitron]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Google Search profile handle|Google Search profile handle]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Leipziger Biographie ID|Leipziger Biographie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LEO-BW person ID|LEO-BW person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biopsa ID|Biopsa ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Isle of Man Registered Building No.|Isle of Man Registered Building No.]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Waymark code|Waymark code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans OrthodoxWiki en français|Identifiant dans OrthodoxWiki en français]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WE League player ID|WE League player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WE League manager ID|WE League manager ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Delfi.lt topic ID|Delfi.lt topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lrytas.lt topic ID|Lrytas.lt topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Baidu Baike article|Baidu Baike article]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [[Wikidata:Request a query#c-YoshiRulz-20260927103700-Paula_(WDU)-20260925145700|Latin American Cinema / Films with an English or Portuguese Wikipedia page, but not Spanish]] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E422|(E422) 'Golden age of illustration']] book from the Maastricht University Library collection. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Schlaraffia|Project Schlaraffia]] - for enriching items about the German-language fraternity [[d:Q1305789|Schlaraffia ''<small>(Q1305789)</small>'']] and its international and local associations. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Tamil_Nadu|Project Tamil Nadu]] dedicated to creating and improving Wikidata content related to [[d:Q1445|Tamil Nadu ''<small>(Q1445)</small>'']] and [[d:Q5885|Tamil ''<small>(Q5885)</small>'']]. * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_PCC_EMCO_Wikidata_CoP/List_of_corporate_body_properties|Project PCC EMCO Wikidata CoP]] added a subpage for listing Properties normally associated with Corporate bodies. ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We are continuing with UX fixes. This is primarily visual polish and consistency as well as fixing bugs related to RTL display. * Wikibase REST API: ** We are finishing the support for creating Lexemes and the statements on them. ** We are continuing working on support for adding Forms to a Lexeme. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are going to stop sending language link changes to the first few wikis. An initial deployment to group1 wikis is now planned for Monday, 05.10.2026. (Click group1 on [https://versions.toolforge.org this Toolforge page] to see which Wikis are included.) This will help reduce noise in Watchlists and Recent changes and help reduce the size of the database table holding recent changes on these wikis. ** Connecting a newly created Wiki to Wikidata is a manual task, we are automating that and optimising the SitesTable at the same time, making a 'single source of truth' that all wikis point to, rather than a table per Wiki that are all clones of each other. ** We are experimenting with raising the entity usage limit on wikis. If this is feasible, we can reduce the amount of bundled changes. This would reduce the quantity of Wikidata-triggered Recent Changes rows being created. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/The Gambia|The Gambia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:38, 29 September 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31072096 --> == September 2026 CEE Newsletter is out == Hi everyone, The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/September_2026 September 2026 issue] of the CEE Newsletter has been published. This issue highlights diverse efforts to create, protect, and share open knowledge, featuring activities in education, GLAM, photography, and community engagement. It also explores new recognition and funding proposal, resources for smaller Wikipedia language editions, and peer-learning experiences. '''Read the full newsletter [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/September%202026 here].''' Enjoy the read!<br/> Caner (User:Kurmanbek) --[[User:Kurmanbek|Kurmanbek]] ([[User talk:Kurmanbek|talk]]) 14:05, 30 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Kurmanbek@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=31073719 --> == This Month in Education: September 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 9 • September 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Wikipedia Writing Training at Universitas Terbuka. WikiRempah Welcomes Wikimedians in Ternate|Wikipedia Writing Training at Universitas Terbuka. WikiRempah Welcomes Wikimedians in Ternate]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Wikimedia MKD’s Wiki Camp & Team Building 2026|Wikimedia MKD’s Wiki Camp & Team Building 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Wikimedia Commons Training for Students at Universitas Nurul Hasan Bacan: Mobilizing Bacan's Youth with WikiRempah|Wikimedia Commons Training for Students at Universitas Nurul Hasan Bacan: Mobilizing Bacan's Youth with WikiRempah]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Wikidata integration in the Library & Information Science course|Wikidata integration in the Library & Information Science course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Translating the EduWiki Newcomer's Starter Kit in Albanian language|Translating the EduWiki Newcomer's Starter Kit in Albanian language]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Training Wikimedia Commons WikiRempah in Bacan, Bringing Digital Education to an Island Without Electricity|Training Wikimedia Commons WikiRempah in Bacan, Bringing Digital Education to an Island Without Electricity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Synergy Between WikiRempah, the West Halmahera Regency Education and Culture Office, and the Sultanate of Jailolo in Documenting Spice Route Cultural Sites|Synergy Between WikiRempah, the West Halmahera Regency Education and Culture Office, and the Sultanate of Jailolo in Documenting Spice Route Cultural Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/St Aloysius Wiki Club Celebrates 10th Anniversary of Tulu Wikipedia|St Aloysius Wiki Club Celebrates 10th Anniversary of Tulu Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Road to Open Source: bringing open source contribution into Indian engineering classrooms|Road to Open Source: bringing open source contribution into Indian engineering classrooms]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Photography and education: initiatives in Brazil|Photography and education: initiatives in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Open Knowledge Initiatives Summer Internship 2026 – Project Workflow & Learnings|Open Knowledge Initiatives Summer Internship 2026 – Project Workflow & Learnings]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Media Literacy Teacher Training with Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful|Media Literacy Teacher Training with Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Heritage Across Borders: St Aloysius Wiki Club Students Celebrate Cultural Heritage Through Wikipedia|Heritage Across Borders: St Aloysius Wiki Club Students Celebrate Cultural Heritage Through Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/From Bandung's Street Signs to Wikipedia: Rediscovering Sundanese Script|From Bandung's Street Signs to Wikipedia: Rediscovering Sundanese Script]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/CSPC Wiki Club launches student community for open knowledge and youth leadership|CSPC Wiki Club launches student community for open knowledge and youth leadership]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Amplifying Underrepresented Voices: Lessons from the Language Diversity Hub 2026|Amplifying Underrepresented Voices: Lessons from the Language Diversity Hub 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Education activity: Can I trust Wikipedia?|Education activity: Can I trust Wikipedia?]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 18:36, 30 September 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=31092240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Battaglia del pastificio]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Battle of Checkpoint Pasta]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:OTO Melara Somalia 1993.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> La '''battaglia del pastificio''', talvolta chiamata anche battaglia del checkpoint Pasta, fu uno scontro a fuoco verificatosi a Mogadiscio tra le truppe italiane e le milizie Mooryaan somale del generale Aidid ed è ricordata per essere stata la prima battaglia che vide impiegati i militari dell'Esercito Italiano dalla fine della seconda guerra mondiale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:39, 5 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31108366 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #752 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-10-05. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#751]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/SaadBot|SaadBot]] - '''Task/s:''' A read-only (no edits) entity lookups for an academic research project building a relation triplet extraction (RTE) dataset from web text. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/OKA bot|OKA bot]] - '''Tasks:''' Improve Wikidata items using authoritative open datasets, e.g., national mapping data and reference works: add sources, fill gaps, create missing items and report conflicts from the ''Swisstopo'' dataset and its subsets. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/FoxfindingBot|FoxfindingBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Passively enrich existing Wikidata games with gog.com metadata **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Wahl.de Bot|Wahl.de Bot]] - '''Task/s:''' Keep mandate data of German parliamentary members current. Edits to ''end date (P582)'', ''successor/replaced by (P1366)'', ''start time (P580)'', ''parliamentary term (P2937)''retrieved and sourced from official sources. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Split needed from Q4167836|Wikidata:Requests for comment/Split needed from Q4167836]]: Split [[d:Q4167836|Wikimedia category <small>''(Q4167836)''</small>]] into two items, because one is for [[d:Q35252665|MediaWiki non-main namespace <small>''(Q35252665)''</small>]] and the other is for [[d:Q14204246|Wikimedia project page <small>''(Q14204246)''</small>]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** On October 9 ends up the early-bird registration with its reduced fees for [https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki_Users_and_Developers_Conference_Fall_2026 MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2026], November 11-13, at {{Q|5918873}}. The program is already set up! ** [[d:Q139103554|Wikidata's 14th birthday <small>''(Q139103554)''</small>]] in Taiwan: [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth Birthday/Taiwan|Wikidata Cross-Domain Forum 2026]], 24 Oct 2026. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.aarauinfo.ch/event/eP0MjgtY Wikidata Writing Workshop], takes place Saturday, 31 October, 10:00 to 13:00 CEST at the Aargauer Kantonsbibliothek, Obere Vorstadt 6, 5000 Aarau. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** (Deutsch) [https://www.compgen.de/2026/10/video-meeting-domus-projekt-zur-haeusergeschichte/ Domus – an open data project on the history of houses] - Wikidata and FactGrid Wikibase combine to help build a map visualiser. ** [[diffblog:2026/10/04/wikinusantara-2026-a-second-chance-in-makassar|WikiNusantara 2026: a second chance in Makassar]] ** [https://www.nationalcollection.org.uk/events/news/launching-n-rich-wikimedia-project N-RICH: a new Wikimedia Project to explore Wikidata as a connective layer for UK cultural heritage infrastructure] * Videos: ** (Short) [https://www.instagram.com/reels/DeAfcHjRYBb/ Schomburg Center’s 2026 Wikidata Edit-a-thon during the New York Black and African Literature Festival] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqBKhxP_QoU RLUK DSF | Linked data and the research library] - explores how libraries are engaging with linked data (including Wikidata) and what this means for metadata creation, management, and discovery. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xmELa8KZkU Wikidata 14th Birthday Celebration stream] with Africa Wiki Women. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BS0BZF5WhRg AI BRIDGES Open Forum meeting], the September 2026 meeting, showcasing updates from the DARIAH’s DHWiki working group on Wikibase. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUJPT8w6NHk Exploring networks of artists and scientists] with the Wikidata Query Service. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZ5hWv7xW9s What does Wikidata contribute to open library data?] with Elena Sánchez Nogales. * LD4 Conference streams: ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=8tJ5E4i7rgw&t=490 Sessions 1 / Building more complete and linked GLAM datasets: The Smithsonian’s (In)Visible Women’s Project] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeKkEd3OCEs Sessions 2], incl. *** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=LeKkEd3OCEs?t=4715 EMCO: Entity management for everyone] *** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=LeKkEd3OCEs?t=6476 Using Wikidata to identify duplicates in the Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAF)] *** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=LeKkEd3OCEs?t=7052 From Wikidata to Our Collection Management System: Automating GIS Import for Cultural Heritage Data] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CkLue6pZys Sessions 4] including Finding where to contribute on Wikidata with Dustpan and Broomstick. Wikidata is mentioned throughout the stream. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1S2VDS5F4k Sessions 5 / Reduced Fuzziness in Semantic Kompakkt 3D Object Viewer through Extensive Data Modelling in Wikibase] ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=7x_K8nf1BpY?t=5029 Sessions 9 / Using Wikidata to Improve the Visibility of African Women in Open Knowledge] ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=9VjMwwUM89c?t=1705 Sessions 10 / From Sounds to Solidarity: Jazz, Student Protests, and Wikidata] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duTs2dQtl98 Wikidata Affinity Group: Working with Corporate Bodies for EMCO] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://mna.toolforge.org/ Mergers & Acquisitions: A Wikidata Merge Assistant], a new web app that surfaces possible duplicate items from Wikidata and provides a simple interface for evaluating the candidate pairs and merging them together or marking them as different. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14924|disjoint with]] (<nowiki>instances of this type cannot be simultaneously instances of that type</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14934|‎contribution URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a page explaining how to participate in or contribute to a project or organization</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14936|atomic radius]] (<nowiki>measured or calculated radius of an atom of a chemical element</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14937|covalent radius]] (<nowiki>radius of an atom of a chemical element when covalently bonded</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14938|Van der Waals radius]] (<nowiki>radius of an imaginary hard sphere representing the distance of closest approach for a non-bonded atom</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14915|Tric Trac game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14916|Techniques de l'Ingénieur author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14917|Stereo Ve Mono release ID]], [[:d:Property:P14918|‎Sky programme ID]], [[:d:Property:P14919|‎Sky series ID]], [[:d:Property:P14920|Scent Base perfumes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14921|‎Register of British Slave Traders person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14922|‎Onderwijstermen Taalunie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14923|‎NZPCN legacy ID]], [[:d:Property:P14925|Biopsa ID]], [[:d:Property:P14926|‎Writers at Risk database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14927|LEO-BW person (GND) ID]], [[:d:Property:P14928|Leipziger Biographie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14929|Jersey HER Reference]], [[:d:Property:P14930|Isle of Man Registered Building No.]], [[:d:Property:P14931|‎Holy See cardinal biography ID]], [[:d:Property:P14932|‎Google Search profile handle]], [[:d:Property:P14933|Filmbaze people ID]], [[:d:Property:P14935|‎China Railway Pinyin code]], [[:d:Property:P14939|belarusenc.by ID]], [[:d:Property:P14940|‎BLL-Ontology concept ID]], [[:d:Property:P14941|‎IFWiki article]], [[:d:Property:P14942|Brussels ‎Inventory of Movable Heritage designer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14943|Eldoblatge original actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14944|Eldoblatge original dub actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14945|Drag France directory ID]], [[:d:Property:P14946|OrthodoxWiki ID (French)]], [[:d:Property:P14948|Le Maitron author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14949|‎Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage glossary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14950|‎Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage material ID]], [[:d:Property:P14951|‎Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage object type ID]], [[:d:Property:P14952|‎Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage technique ID]], [[:d:Property:P14953|‎Brussels Inventory of Natural Heritage taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14954|‎WE League manager ID]], [[:d:Property:P14955|‎WE League player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14956|‎ArchaMap ID]], [[:d:Property:P14957|Womens German Basketball Bundesliga Player ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has language or spelling variant|has language or spelling variant]] (<nowiki>the (multilingual) label of the linked item is a a language, spelling or etymological variation of the label of this item</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/school of martial arts|school of martial arts]] (<nowiki>school or style of martial arts this person studied</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/YouSaid person ID|YouSaid person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Demko ID|Demko ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Niconico Pedia article ID|Niconico Pedia article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scholastica scholar ID|Scholastica scholar ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hannah Arendt edition person ID|Hannah Arendt edition person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AbeBooks author ID (2)|AbeBooks author ID (2)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans Calames|Identifiant dans Calames]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du Centre Delavouët|identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du Centre Delavouët]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E379|ICH item(E379)]] - schema for a Unesco Intangible Cultural Heritage item in the international lists or national inventories. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_EastEnders|EastEnders (TV series)]] - a project for the BBC soap opera. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/EntitySchema_directory|The EntitySchema Directory]] ''' Development ''' * REST API: Continuing the work on adding support for lexicographical data, specifically creating a statement, Form and Sense on a Lexeme * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to look into raising the entity usage limit. We are setting up monitoring to see how much it can reduce the amount of Recent Changes entries triggered from Wikidata. * Mobile editing of statements: We continued addressing the remaining UX issues, including RTL and Kartographer issues * hCaptcha: We are planning the support for it to Wikibase-specific pages like Special:New Item [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Tanzania|Tanzania]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:58, 5 October 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31072096 --> == Tech News: 2026-41 == <section begin="technews-2026-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The process for this year’s Community Wishlist [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027#Updated Community Wishlist Process 2027/2028|has been published]], incorporating community feedback. The wish submission process will [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is the deadline for submitting wishes?|end on November 8]]. This year, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027/Working group|a working group (open for volunteering)]] that includes community members familiar with the technical aspect of our wikis alongside Wikimedia Foundation staff, will take care of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is triage?|triage process]]. The triage is expected to be completed by late November. Votes for wishes will start in January. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] will now see a warning when they paste text that is likely to have initially been copied from one of five external generative AI chatbots into Wikipedia. This feature is known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check|LLM Paste Check]]. It is a type of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] that is community configurable. The check looks for markers in the copied HTML and is not using content watermark detection. Edits will also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Edit tags|be tagged]] so that patrollers can review them more closely. The feature helps newcomers add content that respects Wikipedia’s policies and makes it easier for experienced editors to identify problematic edits. Communities with local policies about LLM usage can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Configuration|adjust the wording and policy that is linked]]. The team [[listarchive:list/translators-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/EVHKWJ4IERZELMPIWNH3XUVUSQV5KOO4/|apologizes]] that this was rolled out without a delay for translations. * Editors can now easily [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|access the web visual editor directly from the iOS and Android apps]]. When opening the editor, users will be given a choice between visual editing and source editing. If they choose visual editing, they will be sent to a mobile web window in their phone's browser. After completing their edit, a banner will give them the option to return to the app. This enables readers to make quick contributions while casually reading. * Users of the Wikipedia Android and iOS apps will now see a one-time account creation prompt after they have used the app for two consecutive weeks. This prompt explains the benefits of having an account. It is intended to help more casual readers become logged-in users who return to the apps regularly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434847] * Editors on [[wmnoc:conf/dblists/group1.dblist|group1 wikis]], including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Recent changes|Recent Changes]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help: Watching pages|Watchlist]] when a link to another language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on October 5 at 07:00 UTC as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make important changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T439415] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where mentors who removed themselves from the mentorship program could still have mentees assigned to them and receive questions, has now been fixed. Mentees will now be reassigned when a mentor leaves the program. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418194] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikimedia Brasil has published its [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Brasil/Arcabouço de Boas Práticas de Desenvolvimento|Development Best Practices Framework]] (ABPD). It is a guide for staff, contractors and volunteers building technical tools and projects. It covers the project lifecycle, security, accessibility, personal data protection and responsible AI use, and explains how movement-wide guidelines were adapted to a local context. They encourage other affiliates to reuse it and adapt it. Read more in the [[wmfblog:2026/09/26/wikimedia-brasils-development-best-practices-framework-technical-sustainability-as-an-organizational-responsibility|Diff post]]. * A new, canonical base URL for Wikimedia APIs will soon be introduced. The new canonical route follows a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/api/</nowiki></code></bdi> pattern and will act as an alternative path for current REST APIs (for example: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/w/rest.php/</nowiki></code></bdi>). Both versions will be callable for all existing APIs, but the new structure will be the preferred path for newly created API modules. This change will be non-breaking for most users. The existing pathways will remain available for all existing endpoint requests. However, some endpoints may return URLs following the new pattern in response bodies. Changes will be available on test wiki first, with the rollout expected to cover all wikis by the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433535] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W41"/> 18:48, 5 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31098825 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IX, September 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: What a great month again in the GLAM community! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Wikifying the ALIA West Conference 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Thousands of eyes on Brazilian heritage through Wiki Loves Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: The Long Strides of Egypt’s GLAM Team in September * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Organized Labour Month in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Note condivise opens up Italy’s musical heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Can I trust Wikipedia?, Books of Mana, an Auckland War Memorial Museum update and a report on TDWG2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wiki Loves Film – Collaboration with Manaki Film Festival * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Opening Collections, Growing Networks: Polish GLAM-Wiki in September * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Wiki Ambassadors, Wiki Partners, Raduni Wikigita * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Tunisia report|Tunisia report]]: Wikipedian in Residence: National Archives of Tunisia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese art in Korean + UK Honours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM USA Report (Past & Upcoming) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Content Partnerships Hub: Some news from the first half of the year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Peruvian heritage in Thai * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:57, 11 October 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=31124240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lineup.5.JPG|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft''' is a transport museum which specialises in the preservation of trolleybuses. It is located by the village of Sandtoft, near Belton on the Isle of Axholme in the English county of Lincolnshire. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:09, 12 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #753 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-10-12. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#752]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/DERDAKI ILIAS|DERDAKI ILIAS]] - {{Requests for permissions/Closetime|13 October 2026 11:19}} **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Aue Nai|Aue Nai]] - {{Requests for permissions/Closetime|15 October 2026 02:58}} * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/OKA bot 2|OKA bot 2]] - '''Tasks:''' Two additional datasets for the ([[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/OKA bot|already approved task of OKA bot]]). For each entry, the bot finds the matching item, adds the identifier if it is missing, and adds the facts the entry states, each referenced to the entry. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/MisovalkoProfileBot|MisovalkoProfileBot]] - '''Task:''' A narrowly scoped source-verification and, only if approved, existing-item update process for [[Q97454550]]. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/RegularBot 4|RegularBot 4]] - '''Task/s:''' Create new items from Wikipedias. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/GZWDer (flood) 7|GZWDer (flood) 7]] - '''Task/s:''' Import data from external sources in comply with the recently approved [[Wikidata:Mass-editing policy]]. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/GZWDer (flood) 8|GZWDer (flood) 8]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding mul labels and aliases; cleanup existing labels in certain cases. No edits to other people's biographies, invented conference items, undocumented private engagements, unsupported future appearances, or promotional link dumps. * Closed request for permissions/Bot, ''all closed as successful'': [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/MamouriBot|MamouriBot]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/OKA bot|OKA bot]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot|Rebot]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 2|Rebot 2]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 3|Rebot 3]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 4|Rebot 4]] * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/has part (P527) for european political alliances (Q127603408)|Requests for comment/has part (P527) for european political alliances (Q127603408)]] - [[d:Q127603408|Q127603408]] (European political alliance) was created as a subclass of [[d:Q60170135|Q60170135]] (political alliance) for european parties. While [[d:Q60170135|Q60170135]] allows using has part(s) ([[d:Property:P527|Property:P527]]), they were reverted, with "Members are not "parts". * Closed request for comments: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Mass-editing_policy|Mass-editing Policy]] - Consensus reached, the policy will be implemented. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/External_identifier_sorting|External Identifier sorting]] - No consensus ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: * Wikidata [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026|Query Service Days]] commences '''17 October, until 23 October''', make sure to [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/4448|register for access]]. ** See the [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026#Sessions|full program]], sessions will repeat for different timezones * Wikidata's 14th Birthday is coming, '''29 October'''. Join the [[d:Event:Wikidata_Fourteenth_Birthday/Presents_%26_messages_call|Birthday call]] and see what presents have been prepared, and see what community events [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday#Events_calendar|are happening near you]]. * [[d:Event:WikiData_Days_in_Africa/2026|Wikidata Days in Africa 2026]] * Dates, location and scholarships are open for: [[wmania:2027:Scholarships|Wikimania 2027]] * Dates and location for next Wikimedia Hackathon has been announced and scholarship applications are open: [[mw:Wikimedia_Hackathon_2027|Wikimedia Hackathon 2027]] * Previous event: ** If you missed the quarterly Wikidata + Wikibase Office Hour, you can [[d:Wikidata:Events/Telegram_office_hour_2026-10-07|find the transcript here]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ''[https://rtnf.substack.com/p/p101-field-of-work P101 - field of work]'' by rtnF * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S884qd1kcD0 Access to Memory (AtoM)] with Wikidata links. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5X3k6jzzA7w Lightning Talk Wikilokal Exploring Wikimedia Around You] with Affandy Murad, it combines information from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Wikivoyage, Wiktionary, and Nominatim within a 3-kilometer radius. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8w6Onlr26s RDA Wikibase Cloud Sandbox Demonstration: Creating an Account and Logging In] - demonstrates account creation and login process for Crystal Yragui's Wikibase cloud instance: A sandbox for students at University of Washington information school as they learn Official RDA cataloging. ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://wikidata-reference-validator.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Reference Validator] - A tool which helps validate external references of Wikidata items to check if their links are still accessible or now offline. This matters because we want to ensure that we have solid references for statements in Wikidata, so we can demonstrate how we know what we know ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Mass-editing policy|Wikidata talk:Mass-editing policy]] has been accepted and is now in effect. * [[f:Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2026-09-25#The_mayor_of_Paris|Wikifunctions Status Update 2026-09-25 (The Mayor of Paris)]] and Wikidata's spread across Wikipedias. * [[d:Wikidata:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|Editing Wikidata statements on mobile devices is officially launching soon!]]<br/>The beta is ending, from '''October 14''', all editors will be able to edit all datatypes from mobile devices. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/disambiguated by|disambiguated by]] (<nowiki>Links a Wikibase Lexeme to a general disambiguation page, such as a [[Q4167410|Wikipedia disambiguation page]].</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/biome|biome]] (<nowiki>biome in which a geographical area is wholly or partly located, according to a documented ecological classification</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bibliothèque nationale de Tunisie ID|Bibliothèque nationale de Tunisie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mappola ID|Mappola ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/On Think Tanks ID|On Think Tanks ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Beeld & Geluid program ID|Beeld & Geluid program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Le Random subject ID|Le Random subject ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RETE ID|RETE ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificativo Corago di un evento|identificativo Corago di un evento]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AVN company ID|AVN company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AVN person ID 2|AVN person ID 2]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/swissNAMES3D ID|swissNAMES3D ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/THB Wiki ID|THB Wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nederlands Fotomuseum-id|Nederlands Fotomuseum-id]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/YvAY Current collections of Astrolabes by the Lahore astrolabists] ([[:w:en:Lahore family of astrolabists|relevant English Wikipedia article]]) ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We fixed a few remaining issues before the full roll-out to everyone later this week. * hCaptcha support: We planned how to integrate support for hCaptcha in the Wikibase-related pages. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are collecting feedback from the first wikis about removing the language link change entries from Recent changes and watchlists. ** We are collecting data to determine how much we can increase the entity usage limit. * REST API: We are continuing to add support for Lexeme editing to the REST API. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:49, 12 October 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31072096 --> == Tech News: 2026-42 == <section begin="technews-2026-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Starting October 13, wikis can change the default pattern for [[:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]] (currently <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name=":1" /></syntaxhighlight>). They will be able to use human-readable, content-based reference names that are more helpful to contributors using the source editor (e.g. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name="Miller2026-1" /></syntaxhighlight>). VisualEditor reference name patterns can be defined using MediaWiki system messages, JSON, templates and modules ([[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite/VisualEditor reference names|more information]]). Admins can enable these changes via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/Cite-VisualEditor-Autonames|community configuration]]. This is a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/W17|community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436255] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to English Wikipedia on October 14 and to remaining Wikimedia Foundation wikis by end of October (likely October 21). The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. This is a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/History|long-standing community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440243][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440304] '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]] will be removing the list view of the Watchlist and defaulting everyone to the changelog view. Previously, there were two versions of how the Watchlist is shown to mobile web users: the list view, where editors could see watched articles in a list format, and the changelog view, where editors could see changes to watched articles in a log format, controlled by a user's Advanced Mobile Control settings. This has created issues for code-base maintenance: two different displays means two sets of code to manage. By defaulting to the changelog view, we are simplifying the codebase and avoiding the likelihood of missing bugs. * The Wikipedia Android app is testing a way to listen to article introductions in the “For you” feed. A text-to-speech model reads the existing article text aloud without rewriting it or adding any content. The 30-day experiment will begin in the Wikipedia Beta app during the third week of September, then move to the regular Wikipedia Android app in October for a limited group of eligible users. A small portion of app users (those with English feeds and at least one topic interest) will have access to the feature. This experiment is part of broader efforts to give app readers options in how they consume content in order to deepen engagement and user retention. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Listening to Wikipedia/Phase 1|Learn more]] and [[mw:Talk:Readers/Listening to Wikipedia|share feedback]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighting]] was [[phab:T288161|enabled]] by default for all logged out and newly registered users on the English Wikipedia on September 14. With no signs of adverse effects, the same change is being proposed to be made globally across all wikis in a few weeks. If you have concerns or feedback, or if your wiki would like to opt out, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror#Enabling CodeMirror by default on all WMF wikis for newbies|please see the help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440077] * [[d:Wikidata:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|Wikidata mobile statement editing]] of all datatypes will be officially launched on October 13, when it will be removed from Wikidata [[d:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] and become available to all editors. Users can [[d:Wikidata_talk:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|report bugs and share feedback]]. * Last week, language link changes were removed from [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] feeds on Wikivoyage, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikiquote and Wiktionary. As no adverse effects have been observed, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] plans to roll out this change globally to all Wikipedias. This is scheduled for October 13 at 07:00 UTC, after which editors will no longer see when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or ask to opt out their wiki on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440698] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where accidentally touching the graph while scrolling on the Pageviews tool on mobile could unintentionally zoom in has now been fixed. Click-and-drag zoom is now disabled on touch devices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440075] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There are three major changes coming to dumps: the legacy content dumps [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/E6D5EU4PMSTSOI2J7A46HJ3YW2W554CS/ deprecated in January 2026] will now be sunset, the replacement [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_Content_File_Exports MediaWiki Content File Exports] will be delayed to implement a “safety buffer”, and they are now also available as 7zip-compressed files. Users will need to switch the URL they download their dump from. For more information, timeline and migration instructions, see [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legacy_content_dumps_sunset Legacy content dumps sunset]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation discovered unauthorized activity by OpenAI agents on Wikimedia projects, including edits to wikis, attempts to exploit a public note-taking tool, and heavy automated traffic. [[diffblog:2026/10/05/openai-rogue-agent-activities-found-on-wikimedia-projects/|Read the blog post on Diff]] for more details about the activity and the Foundation’s response. '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon! We’ll be meeting in lovely Tirana, Albania for the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia%20Hackathon%202027 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon] from April 9–11, 2027. Scholarship and staff sponsorship applications are currently being [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2027/ accepted through Pretix] and will close on October 30, 2026. General registration will open in January 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 07:36, 13 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31142468 --> == ''The Signpost'': 13 October 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/News and notes|AELECT returns, Jimbo gives a union update, VisualEditor is now default]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/Serendipity|From a rare portrait of a female millionaire in Nancy to a Japanese painter in Lyon]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/Obituary|Doug Weller]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/In the media|A(I)pocalypses afoot]] * WikiConference Report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/WikiConference Report|WikiConference 2026 & the importance of in-person community]] * By the numbers: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/By the numbers|Does the country of birth affect the likelihood of having a Wikipedia biography?]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/News from Diff|OpenAI "rogue" agent activities found on Wikimedia projects]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/On the bright side|Good people]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/Op-ed|Who are our readers?]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/Traffic report|This world is big and wild and half insane]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/Comix|Fudging the numbers]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 22:46, 13 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=31092234 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jalapeño popper]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cooking-food-stuffed-jalapenos-peppers.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jalapeño poppers''', or jalapeño bites, are jalapeño peppers that have been hollowed out, stuffed with a mixture of cheese, spices, and sometimes ground meat, and breaded and deep-fried or wrapped with bacon and baked. They are a common dish on appetizer menus in chain restaurants in the United States. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:15, 19 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> == Tech News: 2026-43 == <section begin="technews-2026-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To measure the impact of incorporating some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#November 2025: Ideas and feedback|community-requested features]] on logged-out reader retention, a test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing|Image Carousel]] will be pushed to logged-out readers. With the Image Carousel feature, readers browse community-uploaded images, selected by editors as relevant to specific articles. The test starts on November 20. * An experimental notice will be pushed to 0.5% of logged-out mobile readers who come to English Wikipedia from Google, asking them to add Wikipedia as a [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/preferred-sources/ Google Preferred Source]. The test is to see if this notice increases reader retention and encourages people who use Google Search to visit Wikipedia more often. It will run from October 15–29 and will be assessed for its impact on retention and referrals. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[quarry:|Quarry]] returned an “Access denied” error when users tried to run SQL queries, preventing queries from running normally, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440966] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Cog-icon-grey.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Due to a long-standing bug, applications that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For_Developers|OAuth 2]] client credentials flow to act on their owners’ behalf are treated as if they are logged out. This will be fixed for new applications registered on or after Monday, October 19. Some affected applications need to re-register. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420297] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.48/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A proposal to hold the Wikimedia Hackathon every three years, with regional hackathons in between, [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|has been shared]]. It explores making the event more accessible to technical communities in different regions. Share your feedback on the proposal’s [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|talk page]] before November 6. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:35, 19 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31178499 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #754 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-10-19. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#753]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/OKA_bot_3|OKA Bot 3]] - '''Task/s:''' Reference works and registers, like [[d:User:OKA_bot#Task_2:_facts_from_reference_works|Task 2]] (Historical Dictionary of Switzerland and Store norske leksikon). Each item-linked entry, adds statements, references, sources where value is same and missing identifiers. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/UBZH_Videothek_bot|UBZH Videothek Bot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add external identifiers of films and film directors/people to existing items (from film catalogue of the University Library of Zurich: UZH, Videothek database). ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/EZBIDsBot|EZBIDsBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding [[d:Property:P8089|EZB ID]], [[d:Property:P1042|ZDB ID]], [[d:Property:P856|website URL]], [[d:Property:P236|Print ISSN]], and Online ISSN from [[d:Q1327244|EZB dataset]] where they are missing in Wikidata. * Closed request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Schema_virtual_tour|Schema Virtual tour]] - the RfC has been inactive since 2025, but discussion can continue on a dedicated page: [[d:Wikidata:Schema_proposals/virtual_tour|Schema Proposals/Virtual Tour]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026|Query Service Days]] is currently ongoing! We still have many great sessions left so don't miss out, especially if you use SPARQL, <nowiki>{{Wikidata List}}</nowiki> or the query service (WDQS) in anyway...here's some helpful links: *** [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/4448|Register]] to get access to the live-sessions *** See the [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026#Sessions|full program]], including links to the previous sessions and recordings. ** Wikidata's [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday|14th Birthday]] is approaching soon...see what events are planned on the [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday#Events_calendar|Calendar]] or near you on the [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday#Events_map|Map]]. ** Rutgers University is holding 2 Wikidata Edit-A-Thons, open to all students, faculty, staff and community members. No Wikidata experience is required. *** [https://libcal.rutgers.edu/event/17361479 Newark Activists, Artists, Academics] edit-a-thon, Oct 19, 12:00 - 14:00 EDT *** [https://libcal.rutgers.edu/event/17614499 Black Bibliograohy] edit-A-Thon, Oct 21, 12:00 - 16:00 EDT ** [[wmau:Drop_in_and_Wikidata_-_October_2026|Drop in and Wikidata (Oct)]], a community call and live session will take place 29 Oct, 19:00 pm – 20:30 pm AEDT ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://rtnf.substack.com/p/wdlite-v261018 wdlite v26.10.18] by rtnF ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/10/16/growing-active-technical-contributors-in-eseap/ Growing Active Technical Contributors in ESEAP] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/10/16/wiki-hour-initiative-trains-government-agency-on-wikipedia/ Wiki Hour Initiative trains government agency on Wikipedia, Wikidata and other Wikimedia projects.] * Papers: ** [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/By the numbers|Does the country of birth affect the likelihood of having a Wikipedia biography?]], The Signpost, October 13, 2026 ** [https://repository.ifla.org/items/b028a2b0-b909-4a22-b32b-b4d8c3eb076a Using Wikidata to find duplicates in the Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAF)] - Librarians used Wikidata queries to identify and resolve duplicate records in the Library of Congress Name Authority File, improving 1,559 Wikidata items and reporting 166 duplicate records for deletion over six months. By Muratsubaki, (2026). * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6xmELa8KZkU&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Africa Wiki Women’s Wikidata 14th birthday celebration] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=WMRILU3a-nI&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Wikidata Editing - an introduction with Lepidoptera data] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=h_rJ4mG7eak&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Sandbox Session September 2026 - The Wikidata Toolbox] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=MQNfQKz3x98&pp=0gcJCY8Co7VqN5tDiggCQAE%3D&ra=m Sandbox Session August 2026 - The Wikidata reference Validator Tool] * Datasets: A dataset comparing Wikipedia biographies count to UN birth estimates by country, gender, and language edition". Codeberg, 2026-07-12, https://codeberg.org/pac2/biographies-vs-births ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:GZWDer/newentity.js Script newentity.js] Generates new items (including lexemes) from the given JSON object. The tool was created by [[User:GZWDer]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YQTPWNCTCIDO3SNDLIRNRFA2XTFFK5KR/ Upcoming changes to XML dumps] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EOG5DIAYBCYMDIJDV4CDUCWR5S2YAGSJ/ Mobile statement editing, now available to all editors] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3U5VHOU2SJ2Y72TITJZ7EUVUFDB6H6IA/ Wikimania scholarships] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14967|‎European Legislation Identifier (EU)]] (<nowiki>EU legislation identifier for documents published by the EU, its member states and other (non-EU) countries</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14958|‎YouSaid person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14959|StoryGraph book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14960|Scholastica scholar ID]], [[:d:Property:P14961|Ohio Entity Number]], [[:d:Property:P14962|Lrytas.lt topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14963|‎ISDCF studio identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14964|‎ISDCF facility identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14965|Calames archives ID]], [[:d:Property:P14966|Hannah Arendt edition person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14968|‎Climate Policy Radar Topics]], [[:d:Property:P14970|E-CRIS.SR ID]], [[:d:Property:P14971|Demko ID]], [[:d:Property:P14972|Delfi.lt topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14973|Beeld & Geluid program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14974|Baza osób polskich ID]], [[:d:Property:P14975|‎BallotReady person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14976|swissNAMES3D ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan article|National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan article]] (<nowiki>A reference to an article in the printed National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, identified by its volume and page number.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/juvenile form of|juvenile form of]] (<nowiki>taxon (or taxa) of which instances of this item may be juveniles</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/development code|development code]] (<nowiki>code assigned by a company or research organisation to a drug substance or product during development, before or alongside its nonproprietary name</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/part of the observance of|part of the observance of]] (<nowiki>holiday or observation on which this tradition is observed, this item is used, or with which this character is associated</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID závodiště podle českého Jockey Clubu|ID závodiště podle českého Jockey Clubu]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/German War Memorial Website ID|German War Memorial Website ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ERef Bayreuth ID|ERef Bayreuth ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EPub Bayreuth ID|EPub Bayreuth ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kansallinen Liiga player ID|Kansallinen Liiga player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SPL person ID|SPL person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon|Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inscriptions of Aphrodisias ID|Inscriptions of Aphrodisias ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Session composer ID|The Session composer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania 2021 ID|Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania 2021 ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmoteket|Filmoteket]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ecocard ID|Ecocard ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kanalregister|Kanalregister]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IBA cocktail ID|IBA cocktail ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/ZijK Botched executions list] **[https://w.wiki/dM6e Québec governments duration] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E208|(E208) SPARQL endpoint]] - entity schema of entities with SPARQL endpoint. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Lukion_taulukot|Project Lukion taulukot]] - aims to develop a source-based, mul vocabulary of secondary-school science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) (uses Finnish reference work ''Lukion taulukot'' as its starting corpus). * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Estonia|Project GovDirectory]] have added an [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Estonia|Estonian]] subpage. ** [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Library_and_Information_Science/Statistics|Project Library and Information Services]] added a Statistics subpage. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ethnomusicological_descriptors_-_University_of_Turin/Instruments|Project Ethnomusicological descriptors]] from the University of Turin added an Instruments subpage. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/Wikidata_Query_Help|Wikidata Query Help]] - with many database reports using the Query Service as a source, this will be a helpful page for the planned migration. ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We set the new mobile statement editing UI live for all mobile users * REST API: We are finishing the work on being able to add Senses to existing Lexemes ([[phab:T432569]]) * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** Wikidata entities used in this page in the Page Information ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Pole_Telescope&action=info#mw-pageinfo-header-properties example]) and Edit source views will now render with their local-language labels (in addition to their QID/PIDs) so it is easier to understand which Items, Properties, etc are used in an article ([[phab:T440430]]) ** We are continuing to investigate the impacts of raising the entity usage limit ([[phab:T441306]]) ** We are protyping wireframe versions of a new filter on Recent changes and Watchlist for Language Links under "Wikidata Edits" in Active Filters ([[phab:T441388]]) * hCaptcha: We started implementation work for hCaptcha on Wikidata.org ([[phab:T426089]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 20:56, 19 October 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31177905 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:National Day of Bhutan]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''National Day of Bhutan''' (Dzongkha: རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་; Wylie: rgyal yongs dus chen) known as Gyalyong Düchen is a major national event celebrated annually on 17 December in the Kingdom of Bhutan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:05, 26 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #755 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-10-26. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#754]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Horcrux|Horcrux]] - ''RfP scheduled to end after 28 October 2026 13:29 (UTC)'' **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/NDG|NDG]] - ''RfP scheduled to end after 30 October 2026 18:09 (UTC)'' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Chemobot|Chemobot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add german substance name in existing wikidata entries. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/KnutuxBot|KnutuxBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add "described by source" (P1343) statements citing the 1925 gazetteer ''Lietuvos apgyventos vietos'' ([[Q141805965]]) to about 14,000 existing Lithuanian settlement and rural-district (valsčius) items, with page, name-as-printed and Wikisource-URL qualifiers. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AipAerobot|AipAerobot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add [[Property:P973|described at URL <small>(P973)</small>]] (described at URL) to aerodrome items that carry [[Property:P239|ICAO airport code <small>(P239)</small>]] (ICAO code), pointing to that aerodrome's page on aip.aero, qualified with [[Property:P407|language of work or name <small>(P407)</small>]] (language of work or name). * Closed request for permissions/Bot: '''''all closed as successful''' -'' [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/EZBIDsBot|EZBIDsBot]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Alex NB OT|Alex NB OT]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Wahl.de Bot|Wahl.de Bot]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/FoxfindingBot|FoxfindingBot]] and [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/OKA bot 2|OKA bot 2]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** 🎂 Wikidata turns 14 on 29 October! Join an event, add a birthday gift, or hop on the birthday call at 17:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1793293200 see in your own time zone]). Find everything here: [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth Birthday|Wikidata Fourteenth Birthday]]. Share with #Wikidata14 or #WikidataBirthday. See you Thursday 🥳 ** [https://www.sas.ac.uk/news-events/news/ai-bridges-project-invites-organisations-submit-questions-wikidata AI-BRIDGES project invites organisations to submit questions for Wikidata] ** [https://www.eventbrite.com/e/wikidata-day-nyc-2026-tickets-2003013314744 Wikidata Day NYC 2026] - this meetup is at capacity, but anyone is welcome to join the livestream. See event for details. ** (Deutsch) [https://forschungsdaten-thueringen.de/veranstaltung/wikidata.html Share research – Basics for the participation in the Wikiverse using the example of the Gotha Research Library], a free webinar via Zoom taking place 25 November 14:00-14:30 CEST. * Past Events: [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026|Query Service Days 2026]] - catch up on all recorded sessions from the Event page. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://theartofinformation.org/2026/10/21/from-wikidata-to-axiell-collections-automating-geographic-data-for-museum-collections/ The Art of Information "From Wikidata to Axiell Collections: Automating Geographic Data for Museum Collections"] * Papers: ** [preprint] ''“A Dictionary Without Its Own Database: Building an Offline-First Dagbanli Dictionary on Wikidata Lexemes”'' ([https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23601230 zenodo]). Describes the Dagbanli Dictionary, reporting data-quality findings from linking recorded speech to Lexemes and noting that two-thirds of Lexemes have only one Form and some frequent words are missing from Wikidata entirely. By Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan ** [https://dara.ui.ac.id/en/research-output/a54df376-4658-4a08-9226-3d3d6697f3ce AC-IQuAD: Automatically Constructed Indonesian Question Answering Dataset by Leveraging Wikidata] * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Deus2Y5sDz8&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Wikidata Workshop: Black Artists on Wikidata Project] - by Wiki Activate Africa, aims to improve representation and visibility of Black artists, creatives, and cultural practitioners in global digital knowledge ecosystem. ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=b3BFgMoNRho&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m LIVE Wikidata editing #126 Wikidata Query Service Days 2026] - User:Ainali and User:Abbe98 will do some livestreaming (in English), and discuss how to adapt the queries of WikiProject Govdirectory and the thought process behind it. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0RBey5eKms Canvas vs SVG: drawing a Wikidata graph] No. 10 from the "Building smollerGraph" series. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naO2NtZX4fM EMCO Wikidata Community of Practice autumn meeting] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljoku5_-ZSM Part 2]) ** (zh-TW/Chinese) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEu_oKpDn2Q Wikidata Cross-Domain Forum 2026] - part of the [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday/Taiwan|Fourteenth Birthday events]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://mna.toolforge.org/?sort=detectedAt A Wikidata Merge Assistance] By connorshea web-based tool designed to help editors find, evaluate, and resolve duplicate items on Wikidata ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://wikidata-castles-qa.tderflinger.workers.dev Wikidata Castles QA] is a tool to see which data properties are still missing in Wikidata in the domain of castles, palaces and fortresses. Feedback welcome! ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14982|martial arts style]] (<nowiki>school or style of martial arts this person studied or practiced</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14984|‎has language or spelling variant]] (<nowiki>the (multilingual) label of the linked item is a a language, spelling or etymological variation of the label of this item</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14988|‎biome]] (<nowiki>biome in which a geographical area is wholly or partly located, according to a documented ecological classification</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14990|juvenile form of]] (<nowiki>instances of the subject item are juveniles of one of these class(es) of organisms</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P15001|development code]] (<nowiki>code assigned by a company or research organisation to a drug substance or product during development, before or alongside its nonproprietary name</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14977|RETE ID]], [[:d:Property:P14978|Tabularius entity ID]], [[:d:Property:P14979|On Think Tanks Directory ID]], [[:d:Property:P14980|Mappola ID]], [[:d:Property:P14981|‎GBIF occurrence key]], [[:d:Property:P14983|NicoNicoPedia article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14985|‎German War Memorial ID]], [[:d:Property:P14986|ERef Bayreuth ID]], [[:d:Property:P14987|EPub Bayreuth ID]], [[:d:Property:P14989|‎AbeBooks author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14991|Nederlands Fotomuseum ID]], [[:d:Property:P14992|Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon]], [[:d:Property:P14993|AVN company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14994|AVN person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14995|SPL person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14996|‎Victorian Heritage Overlay Number]], [[:d:Property:P14997|Centre Delavouët catalog author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14998|‎The Session composer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14999|Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania 2021 ID]], [[:d:Property:P15000|Inscriptions of Aphrodisias (2007) ID]], [[:d:Property:P15002|‎Filmoteket ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/accumulated cyclone energy|accumulated cyclone energy]] (<nowiki>sum of the squared maximum sustained winds at 6-hour intervals of a tropical cyclone, a tropical cyclone season, or a time period, where the winds at that particular point in time are at least gale-force (34 knots or higher), in units of 10 kilo-square-knots (unit implied)</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/full work formatter URL|full work formatter URL]] (<nowiki>formatter URL for the web page containing this work; URI template from which "$1" can be automatically be replaced with the effective property value on items. If the site goes offline, set it to deprecated rank. If the formatter URL changes, add a new statement with preferred rank.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Key or index image|Key or index image]] (<nowiki>Secondary image which acts as an index or key to the contents of the subject image</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Montessorians ID|The Montessorians ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FEI Horse ID|FEI Horse ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IT History Forum Data Archive ID|IT History Forum Data Archive ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Allotrope Foundation Ontology equipment ID|Allotrope Foundation Ontology equipment ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Historical East German Biographies ID|Historical East German Biographies ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TURKPATENT geographical indication ID|TURKPATENT geographical indication ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BGA ID|BGA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MEMO ID|MEMO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hong Kong Jockey Club horse ID|Hong Kong Jockey Club horse ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Der Spiegel sports data ID|Der Spiegel sports data ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GitHub Advisory Database ID|GitHub Advisory Database ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/exuB Japanese Ethnic Group Claims] * Schema example: [[d:EntitySchema:E257|(E257) Politician]] - simple schema for validating a politician (occupation = Q82955) ''' Development ''' * hCaptcha support: We've added hCaptcha support to Special:Set* forms and started implementing support on Special:NewItem/Special:NewProperty forms * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are verifying that not bundling entity usages reduces the amount of unnecessary changes coming from Wikidata in the Recent changes and Watchlist on Wikipedia and co ([[phab:T440856]]) ** We are conducting interviews and prototype testing on wireframe versions of a new filter for language link changes under "Wikidata Edits" in the filters on Recent changes and Watchlist [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:32, 26 October 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31177905 --> == Tech News: 2026-44 == <section begin="technews-2026-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/44|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * An experiment launched on September 29 is testing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Experience/Reading_recommendations|article recommendations]] for new account holders who also identify as readers. By suggesting articles to read, similar to recommendations in the Wikipedia app for logged-in readers, the experiment aims to encourage new account holders to read and return to the website regularly, with the goal of increasing internal referrals by 1%. See the related [[m:Community Wishlist/W505|Community Wishlist]] proposal. * Several Wikimedia services were taken offline last week because of a [https://www.php.net/archive/2026.php#2026-10-20-1 security vulnerability in PHP]. This is because they need to be updated before they are safe to put back online. This is not a problem just for the Wikimedia movement but affects a lot of websites. You can follow updates on [[wikitech:Incidents/2026-10-21 PHP security update/Community|Wikitech]]. Cloud VPS and Toolforge will take longer to bring back online. This is to make sure that applications which run on Cloud VPS or Toolforge are not affected. Tool developers can see updates and more information on the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/cloud-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ Cloud-announce mailing list]. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/10/21/impact-of-php-vulnerabilities-on-wikimedia-tools-and-services/][https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/10/21/impact-of-php-vulnerabilities-on-wikimedia-cloud-services/] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Last week we shared]] that to measure the impact of incorporating some community-requested features on logged-out reader retention, a test for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Carousel]] feature would be pushed to logged-out readers. Due to an issue, we will be restarting the test, but it will be live on October 26, not November 20 as initially announced. '''Updates for editors''' * A new [[wikitech:KAPOW|bot detection system]] to better identify automated traffic that disguises itself as human visitors, is coming to the Wikimedia wikis. This might cause sudden changes to visitor statistics starting from 26 October, going back to 20 June 2026. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] which renders musical notation inside wiki pages, has been temporarily disabled on all wikis due to a security issue. Affected pages will display a notice instead of musical scores, but the underlying code remains intact. No action is needed from editors, and a fix is in progress. A separate announcement will follow when the extension is re-enabled. Read more on [[phab:T441579|Phabricator]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where CodeMirror syntax highlighter appears to have been enabled in error for existing editors has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T441308] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, October 28 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1793199600 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T439703] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.48/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship and sponsorship applications for the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia%20Hackathon%202027 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon] will close on Friday, October 30th. Submit your application [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2027/ through Pretix] before the deadline! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 26 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31199592 --> == This Month in Education: October 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 10 • October 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/Wikipedia Education Awareness Campaign Held in Dinajpur, Bangladesh|Wikipedia Education Awareness Campaign Held in Dinajpur, Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/Wikimedia MKD Continues Its Educational Activities in the New School Year|Wikimedia MKD Continues Its Educational Activities in the New School Year]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/WikiLatih Bogor Méré Rohangan pikeun Diajar, Silih Bagikeun Pangaweruh, jeung Nyambungkeun Antargenerasi|WikiLatih Bogor Méré Rohangan pikeun Diajar, Silih Bagikeun Pangaweruh, jeung Nyambungkeun Antargenerasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/Wiki Club Organise Two-Day Technical Workshop on MediaWiki Projects at St Aloysius University|Wiki Club Organise Two-Day Technical Workshop on MediaWiki Projects at St Aloysius University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/WIKI 101 learning module developed for Filipino university students|WIKI 101 learning module developed for Filipino university students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/When the Forest Changes, What Can We Learn Through Wikimedia|When the Forest Changes, What Can We Learn Through Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/Open Knowledge Course inspires students in Olomouc in writing Wikipedie articles|Open Knowledge Course inspires students in Olomouc in writing Wikipedie articles]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/New student-led Wikimedia communities expand youth participation in ESEAP|New student-led Wikimedia communities expand youth participation in ESEAP]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/Improving health-related content on Wikipedia: an initiative in Brazil|Improving health-related content on Wikipedia: an initiative in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/How EduWiki Hub Partnerships Are Building Capacity for Wikimedia Education Worldwide|How EduWiki Hub Partnerships Are Building Capacity for Wikimedia Education Worldwide]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/From the First Cohort to the Second: Learning and Teaching Wikipedia at a University in Türkiye|From the First Cohort to the Second: Learning and Teaching Wikipedia at a University in Türkiye]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/From Forgotten Pages to Living Heritage: Bikol Wikisource marks its second year|From Forgotten Pages to Living Heritage: Bikol Wikisource marks its second year]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/First workshops for Serbian students and pupils in the academic year|First workshops for Serbian students and pupils in the academic year]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/Czech seniors visited Vyšší Brod Monastery and are heading to the 10th anniversary of Senior Wikitown|Czech seniors visited Vyšší Brod Monastery and are heading to the 10th anniversary of Senior Wikitown]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2026/Auckland Museum's fourth cohort of Wiki summer students|Auckland Museum's fourth cohort of Wiki summer students]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 18:19, 30 October 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=31135529 --> == ''The Signpost'': 1 November 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-11-01/News and notes|AELECT5 concludes, a Wikimedian arrested for treason, and updates to GANs and FARs]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-11-01/Recent research|How Wikipedians use (or don't use) LLMs; experienced editors contribute more to "underproduced" articles than newbies]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-11-01/Disinformation report|Better bots or bothersome baby borgs?]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-11-01/In the media|Stop the internet, I was deleted]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-11-01/News from Diff|Why Wikimedia Is Speaking Up in a Major AI Copyright Case]] * By the numbers: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-11-01/By the numbers|Wikipedian Nobel Prize 2026]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-11-01/On the bright side|Gone fishing]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-11-01/Traffic report|October, and the articles are stripped bare]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-11-01/In focus|Two Roles, One Wikimedia Education Ecosystem]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-11-01/Comix|en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-11-01/Comix]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 13:52, 1 November 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=31191200 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:AI washing]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''AI washing''' is a deceptive marketing tactic that consists of promoting a product or a service by overstating the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and the integration of it. Companies often involve in the practice to mislead customers to boost their offerings, and to secure funding from investors. The practice raises concerns regarding transparency, and legal issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 2 November 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #756 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-11-02. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#755]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Horcrux|Horcrux]] - ''Closed as successful'' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/CampaignCommsBot|CampaignCommsBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add missing factual, sourced statements (identifiers, official website, party, candidacy, offices held, verified social accounts, freely licensed image) to existing items about US political candidates who use CampaignComms. Paid editing disclosed below. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Karlb42Bot|Karlb42Bot]] - '''Task/s''': Create a first sense with [[Property:P5137|item for this sense (P5137)]] on lexemes that have no senses, when the item's label or alias in the lexeme's language equals the lemma. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/PeneBot 1|PeneBot 1]] - '''Task/s:''' Add ِPersian Wikipedia sitelinks to existing Wikidata items for French communes **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AcervoFilmicoBot|AcervoFilmicoBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Create items for Mexican fiction television films (later also feature films), longer than 70 minutes, that have an IMDb ID but no Wikidata item. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:Mezi bajty/Mezi bajty 1|Mezi bajty 1]] - meetup of the Czech Wikidata community in Prague and online, 11th November 17:00 - 19:00 CET (in Czech, Slovak, English) ** [https://www.gw.uni-hamburg.de/ueber-die-fakultaet/digital-humanities/dh-lab/veranstaltungen/26-11-19-hands-on-wikidata.html Hands-on workshop: Wikidata: An Open Knowledge Graph for Research and Beyond] for students and researchers. 19 November 14:15 - 15:45 CET at the DH Lab, Philturm (C2003), University of Hamburg. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** ''[https://rtnf.substack.com/p/the-intersection-of-openstreetmap The intersection of OpenStreetMap and Wikidata]'' by rtnF ** (Deutsch) [[wmde:wikidata-wird-14-und-schafft-neue-wege-fuer-freies-wissen|Wikidata turns 14 and creates new ways for free knowledge]] ** [https://mollystarkdean.substack.com/p/mrs-krueger-won-again-wikidata-day My Two Favorite Holidays Collided: Halloween + Wikidata Day] - The Stark Report and organising birthday celebrations at [https://www.pratt.edu/events/wikidata-day-nyc-2026/ Wikidata NYC Day]. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doHlmS2ARYI&list=PLRlF8IYVhm58 Query Service Days 2026 (Playlist)] - catch up on any missed sessions ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7F6sM3vMQc Wikidata. Wiki, data, or neither?] by Marcin Cieślak, drawing on five years worth of observations of the Ionian Wikithon and LOD research to invite attendees to build a shared stance on teaching open data's value. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqxj3veuTIk Vandalism Detection Systems for Wikipedia and Wikidata] by Mykola Trokhymovych. Presents two projects designed to aid patrolling and vandalism detection including ''Graph2Text'' designed for Wikidata. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EKh2RKJ5tA Epistemic Practices Behind Wikidata’s Ontology Evolution] with Marcin Roszkowski. Wikidata's Ontology can and does change, who shapes and makes those decisions? This talk explores that. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dakTLF7sDE Data, Science, and Technology Talk Show 2026: Data Reuse: (AI) reusing Wikidata’s data] - (this session is in English but has a Bahasa Indoesian introduction) Alan Ang (WMDE) discusses how Wikidata is being reused in the development of AI. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wsl5JAb2LIo Repertory of Colonial Plunder] from the WiNoDa Knowledge Lab. Explores issues that arise from encoding looted cultural heritage items on digital data platforms, with three exemplary cases. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPfRebT-bBk RDA Wikibase Cloud Sandbox Demonstration 2: Creating "Stub" WEMI Entities with Access Points] - create initial linked data entities for a work, expression, manifestation, and item associated with a single-part manifestation. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_viTl_aGDeg RDA Wikibase Cloud Sandbox Demonstration 3: Describing Manifestations Pt. I] - describe a single-part manifestation. * Presentations: [[c:Category:Wikidata_Query_Service_Days_2026_presentations|Query Service Days 2026]] - slides for all presentations are on Commons ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/altilunium/wd-provenance wd-provenance] : A tool that analyzes Wikidata item provenance, historical edits, deleted facts, and active contributor rankings by parsing its revision history. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P15005|‎part of the observance of]] (<nowiki>holiday or observance during which this tradition is observed, this item is used, or this story or story element is commemorated</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P15012|‎accumulated cyclone energy]] (<nowiki>sum of the squared maximum sustained winds at 6-hour intervals of a tropical cyclone, a tropical cyclone season, or a time period, where the winds at that particular point in time are at least gale-force</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P15003|‎IBA cocktail ID]], [[:d:Property:P15004|IT History Forum Data Archive ID]], [[:d:Property:P15007|BGA numeric ID]], [[:d:Property:P15008|BGA ID]], [[:d:Property:P15009|‎Allotrope Foundation Ontology equipment ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Politicômetro|Politicômetro]] (<nowiki>politician identifier on the Politicômetro website</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Derived from language|Derived from language]] (<nowiki>language from which a lexeme is directly derived, when the source lexeme is unknown or not yet available on Wikidata</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yaayuwee ethnobotanical use|Yaayuwee ethnobotanical use]] (<nowiki>category of traditional use of a plant taxon by the Yaayuwee people of Garoua-Boulaï, Cameroon {{!}} fr=catégorie d'usage traditionnel d'une plante par le peuple Yaayuwee de Garoua-Boulaï</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/reuses footage from|reuses footage from]] (<nowiki>audiovisual work from which this work incorporates pre-existing moving-image footage</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/name on ballot|name on ballot]] (<nowiki>name used on the ballot for an election</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VSCO username|VSCO username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Docker Hub namespace|Docker Hub namespace]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/il Palio.Siena.it Palio ID|il Palio.Siena.it Palio ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/il Palio.Siena.it jockey ID|il Palio.Siena.it jockey ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/il Palio.Siena.it person ID|il Palio.Siena.it person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ilpalio.org jockey ID|ilpalio.org jockey ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ilpalio.org Palio ID|ilpalio.org Palio ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/State Catalogue of Geographical Names (Belarus) ID|State Catalogue of Geographical Names (Belarus) ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VLKK given name ID|VLKK given name ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dictionary of Lithuanian Surnames ID|Dictionary of Lithuanian Surnames ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Austriasoccer.at football players ID|Austriasoccer.at football players ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HKeL ID|HKeL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Library authority ID|Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Library authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sraidainm ID|Sraidainm ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RNAL registration number|RNAL registration number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KEIBA.GO.JP horse ID|KEIBA.GO.JP horse ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/2Day Chrono-Wiki ID|2Day Chrono-Wiki ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Repertorium_Eruditorum_Totius_Europae|Project Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_GovanStones|Project GovanStones]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IrishRoundTowers|Project Irish Round Towers]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Epigraphy|Project Epigraphy]] - new data model, workshop and taster session. ''' Development ''' * REST API: ** We added the ability to add Forms and Senses to a Lexeme when creating a Lexeme ** We are working on modifying an existing Lexeme * hCaptcha: We are continuing to adapt the UI and APis for the upcoming rollout of hCaptcha * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are doing usability tests for a new filter option for Recent changes and Watchlist to filter out changes to sitelinks * Mobile UI: We are addressing small issues that came up after the rollout for everyone [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:22, 2 November 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31239182 --> == Tech News: 2026-45 == <section begin="technews-2026-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/45|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Many Wikimedia tools were taken offline last week because of a [[:w:PHP2Shell|security vulnerability in PHP]]. This affected many websites worldwide. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Toolforge|Toolforge]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Cloud Services|Cloud VPS]] have been back up since October 22. Many important tools have been gradually restored. Some tools need the respective volunteer maintainers to restart them. Others still need to upgrade to a patched PHP version. Some tools were using older versions of PHP which are not supported by the recent security patches. They will require maintainers to upgrade to a more recent version. This might require additional effort. You can follow the work [[:wikitech:Talk:Incidents/2026-10-21 PHP security update/Community#Exceptions|on Wikitech]]. '''Updates for editors''' * A new optional search experiment is running in the Wikipedia Android and iOS apps for Arabic, French, and Japanese Wikipedias. Participating readers can search inside articles and open quoted passages directly in their source articles, no answers or summaries are generated. This is the first of four experiments in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information%20Retrieval/Phase%202|Phase 2 of Semantic Search]]. It began on October 22 and runs for 20 days. Feedback is welcome on the project’s [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Readers/Information%20Retrieval/Phase%202|discussion page]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future_Audiences|Future Audiences]] team is planning to bring [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future_Audiences/Share_card|Share Cards]] to Wikipedia on mobile. This feature gives users the option to share a visually appealing card with friends, based on the article they are reading. The card contains the article’s title, image, opening text, and related attribution, and links back to the article for full reading. Editors are invited to try out this feature by adding <code dir="ltr">?useformat=mobile&sharecard=1</code> to any article URL from October 29 to November 8. Share any thoughts on the [[m:Talk:Future_Audiences/Share_card| project talk page]] and report any bugs on [[phab:T439161|Phabricator]]. * The default renderer for math formulas will change on November 2. After the change, the server sends the formula as MathML, and your browser uses MathJax to show it. This is the last step towards the Mathoid/RESTBase deprecation process, for sustainability and security reasons. You can [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics/MathFormattingBugs|ask questions or report problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375238] * Do you have an idea for a new feature, or a bug that needs fixing? [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Submit your suggestion for the community wish list by November 8!]] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.48/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:19, 3 November 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31236748 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mekhala and Kanakhala]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Mekhala.jpg|160px]][[File:Kanakhala.jpg|173px]]</div> <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Mekhala''' (Mekhalā or Mahakhala – "Elder Mischievous Girl", "The Elder Severed-Headed Sister") and '''Kanakhala''' (Kankhala, Kanakhalā – "Younger Mischievous Girl", "The Younger Severed-Headed Sister") are two sisters who figure in the eighty-four mahasiddhas ("great adept") of Vajrayana Buddhism. Both are described as the disciples of another mahasiddha, Kanhapa (Krishnacharya). They are said to have severed their heads, offered them to their guru, and danced headless. Their legend is closely associated with the Buddhist severed-headed goddess Chinnamunda. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:40, 9 November 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> == Tech News: 2026-46 == <section begin="technews-2026-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/46|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikipedia Apps team is preparing to launch Year in Review in early December. Year in Review gives app users a personalized recap of how they read and engaged with Wikipedia throughout the year. The team is looking for volunteers to help make it available in as many languages as possible. Translators can contribute through [https://translatewiki.net/ translatewiki.net]. For [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&action=translate&group=out-wikimedia-mobile-wikipedia-android-strings&filter=%21translated Android], search for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>yir</nowiki></code></bdi> under the "Untranslated" tab, and for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&action=translate&group=out-wikimedia-mobile-wikipedia-ios&filter=%21translated&optional=1 iOS], search for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>year-in-review</nowiki></code></bdi> under the "Untranslated" tab. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature that helps editors create articles that follow a Wikipedia’s policies, is now available on all Wikipedias. Administrators and interface admins can configure and expose it for editors to use via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/ArticleGuidance]]. A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Community Configuration|configuration guide is available]]. Visit [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|the project talk page]] to ask any questions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following the release of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to all Wikipedias in September, logged-in users will soon be able to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#October/November 2026: Custom collections and call to action|organize articles saved in their lists into customizable categories]]. This will enable readers to create collections and revisit saved articles based on their interests, potentially encouraging frequent visits to Wikipedia. The update will roll out to all Wikipedia users between November 9 and 16. * The Wikipedia Apps team is preparing to launch the first of two notification experiments for English Wikipedia readers on Android who have opted in to notifications. The three-week experiment will send notifications suggesting personalized Discover reading lists which are collections of Wikipedia articles recommended based on articles the reader has previously viewed. The goal is to understand whether these recommendations help readers discover relevant content and encourage them to return to the app. No action is required, and users can manage their notification preferences in the app settings. [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Notifications|Learn more and share feedback]]. * A bug in the [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] was causing the page to fail to load for users who have unseen changes on Wikimedia Commons. The bug has now been fixed. If you temporarily removed <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>commons.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code></bdi> from your personal [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings|Global Watchlist settings]] due to the bug, you can restore it there. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T439203] * A new Beta feature called "Home" will be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Home/Deployment|deployed to 10 Wikipedias]] for a limited test. This new feature aims to replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:Homepage</nowiki></code></bdi> for newcomers, with additional modules planned for the future to improve upon the current experience. If you want to participate in the test, please [[mw:Talk:Home|sign up]]. "Home" will be released to all users later this month. * On English and Russian Wikipedias, [[m:User:Alaexis/Source Verifier|Source Verification]] is now available as an experimental Suggestion for experienced editors within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion_Mode|Suggestion Mode]]. It uses an LLM hosted on [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing|LiftWing]] to try to check whether a cited source supports the claim it’s attached to. To try it out, please [[phab:T426359|see these testing instructions]]. If you are at another language Wikipedia and your community is interested in trying it out, please [[m:User talk:Alaexis/Source Verifier|express your interest]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where dates passed as blank parameters to functions in wikitext were incorrectly interpreted using the month-day-year format instead of the day-month-year format, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403884] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on 1 December 2026, hCaptcha will be required for edits made via the API by non-autoconfirmed users. If your tool, gadget, or user script makes edits on behalf of newcomer users, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/hCaptcha#November 2026: Completing hCaptcha rollout|see how to update it]]. * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2026 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations close on 22 November 2026. * Toolforge has introduced two new beta features. "Toolforge alerts" send email notifications when a tool becomes unavailable, returns errors, or restarts frequently. "Extended logging" makes it easier to investigate problems by providing logs for events such as job creation, deletion, and deployment failures through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>toolforge logs</nowiki></code></bdi> command. Both features are opt-in and help tool maintainers become aware of and resolve problems with their tools more quickly. Maintainers can [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Alerts|enable alerts]] and learn how to [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Running_jobs#Toolforge_logs|access extended logs]]. They are also encouraged to try the features and [[wikitech:Help:Cloud_Services_communication|provide feedback]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.48/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A proposal to change how we currently organize the Wikimedia Hackathon [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|has been shared]]. It explores making the event more accessible to technical communities in different regions. Share your feedback on the proposal’s [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|talk page]]; the deadline has been extended to November 13th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:31, 9 November 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31249348 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #757 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-11-09. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#756]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Dragons Bot|Dragons Bot]] - '''Task/s:''' fetch labels and descriptions for rare languages on 10s or 100s of thousands items. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/CWTSIDsBot|CWTSIDsBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding [[d:Property:P10203|ASJC]], Print [[d:Property:P236|ISSN]], and Online ISSN from CWTS dataset ( [[d:Q131521512|Leiden University's Centre for Science and Technology Studies]], from <nowiki>https://www.journalindicators.com/</nowiki>) where they are missing in Wikidata. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/PubMedIDsBot|PubMedIDsBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding [[d:Property:P1055|NLM]], Print [[d:Property:P236|ISSN]], and Online ISSN from [[d:Q180686|PubMed dataset]] where they are missing in Wikidata. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/CRMEDRBot|CRMEDRBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add missing Latin, Italian and English labels to items for saints and blessed of the Roman Martyrology, using the name under which the Martyrology commemorates them. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: '''''All closed as successful''' -'' [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AuntuBot|AuntuBot]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/OKA bot 3|OKA bot 3]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Karlb42Bot|Karlb42Bot]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AcervoFilmicoBot|AcervoFilmicoBot]], * New mass-editing proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Mass editing proposals#Public office holders and state bodies, from Wikipedia articles|Public office holders and state bodies]] – A proposal to improve Wikidata records about public office holders and government institutions using Wikipedia articles. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Add schema:dateCreated as Item's creation date to rdf-Export|Add property: ''schema:dateCreated'' as Item's creation date to rdf-Export]] - new property proposal for ''schema:dateCreated'' to the entity data block in the Wikidata RDF export, exposing creation date of an Item (first revision timestamp). Complements existing ''schema:dateModified'' property and enable longitudinal 'item creation' analyses directly in SPARQL, without API round-trips. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: **[https://jsamwrites.substack.com/p/one-fact-seven-languages-bringing One Fact, Seven Languages: Bringing Abstract Wikipedia to Life] (From Wikidata to Abstract Wikipedia : Exploring a data-driven and test-driven approach to multilingual knowledge generation.) ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/11/06/celebrating-wikidatas-14th-birthday-in-zanzibar/ Celebrating Wikidata’s 14th Birthday in Zanzibar] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/11/08/from-skills-to-action-expanding-how-we-contribute-to-wikimedia/ From Skills to Action: Expanding How We Contribute to Wikimedia] ** (Deutsch) [https://digamus-award.de/digamus-2026-auf-wikidata/ DigAMus 2026 on Wikidata] - visit the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Digital_projects_of_museums/Digital_projects_of_museums|DigAMus WikiProject]]. * Papers: [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-030-30796-7_5 LC-QuAD 2.0: A Large Dataset for Complex Question Answering over Wikidata and DBpedia] - by Dubey et al., (2026). * Videos: ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_D22jJYE50g Latin America in Wikidata 2026: Presentation on how to model data in Wikidata – with EPorto (WMB)] ** (zh-TW) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1axSr16Jak Taiwan OpenStreetMap and Wikidata Workshop] - from the Taiwan OpenStreetMap and Wikimedia meeting, August 23, 2026. ** [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKru5NgeiH20 Playlist: Wikibase Cloud Sandbox] - Crystal Yragui demonstrates how to create an account, navigate and use the sandbox. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLowRfj1ECE The Wikimedians (ep. 2): Andy Mabbett/Pigsonthewing] - a conversation with User:CloverMoss. * Games: [https://geo-master.app/map Geo-Master] - is a suite of geographically-themed Wikidata-powered games. Guess the Capital, Neighbours, Mystery Country, collect regions of the World Map to show off your skill and progress. Daily Challenges, multiplayer, leaderboards. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://affandymurad.github.io/wikipindai/ Wikipindai] - by [[d:User:Affandy_Murad|User:Affandy Murad]] - a Chrome browser extension. When installed, right-click on any text to retrieve what the Wikimedia projects knows about it...acts as a great discovery tool to see what articles and pages exist about the highlighted text/concept. * [[toolforge:dinodata|DinoData]] ({{Q|141746631}}) ‒ a web tool for viewing and editing Wikidata items in a more compact interface built with Vue and Codex. Edits are collected locally, shown as a diff, and then saved in one revision or exported as QuickStatements. A [[User:Simon04/DinoData.js|user script]] adds a "DinoData" tab to item pages. More at [[Wikidata:DinoData]]. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * WMF is finishing the rollout of hCaptcha on December 1, which will affect edits made via the API by non-autoconfirmed users. Those edits will need to include an hCaptcha "token" to be accepted by the API. If you have a tool that is used by non-autoconfirmed users, users who don’t have skipcaptcha, that you think might be affected see more on [[meta:Product_Safety_and_Integrity/hCaptcha#November_2026:_Completing_hCaptcha_rollout]]. * Baltic and Finnish architecture: reconciling an editorial base with Wikidata led to 23 new building items, 17 new architect items and more than 100 sourced architect ([[Property:P84|P84]]) statements, plus Lithuanian heritage register codes ([[Property:P10040|P10040]]); every change is dated in a public [https://pierrejeantribot.com/socle/journal/ corrections log]. * [https://humanlineage.org Human Lineage], a free public genealogical graph of historical people, published an open data dump on [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23284943 Zenodo] (CC BY-SA 4.0): 2.7 million deceased persons with Wikidata, VIAF and GND identifiers, parent-child and couple relationships and dated life facts. (Disclosure: added by the project maintainer.) * Wikidata has a new page for easy navigation to your favourite [[d:Wikidata:Games|Wikidata:Games]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P15013|MEMO ID]], [[:d:Property:P15014|Baidu Baike ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/collection category|collection category]] (<nowiki>Wikimedia category for the collection corresponding to this item</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wallonie-Bruxelles Architectures ID|Wallonie-Bruxelles Architectures ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/spielregeln-spielanleitungen.de ID|spielregeln-spielanleitungen.de ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kiwifruit Atlas taxon ID|Kiwifruit Atlas taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OSCR paper ID|OSCR paper ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Plattmakers person ID|Plattmakers person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NIFS Person ID|NIFS Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NIFS stadium ID|NIFS stadium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NIFS team ID|NIFS team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NIFS match ID|NIFS match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Street Art Cities marker id|Street Art Cities marker id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tieteen termipankki ID|Tieteen termipankki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Livre-Mémorial de la Déportation|Identifiant Livre-Mémorial de la Déportation]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo parent companies ID|Parfumo parent companies ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/m3db.com lyric ID|m3db.com lyric ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Dataparl|identifiant Dataparl]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Le Guide du pouvoir|identifiant Le Guide du pouvoir]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CA Perfume Ingredient Guide ID|CA Perfume Ingredient Guide ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/gnch Tennis tournament start and end date] - ([[d:Special:GoToComment/c-Wolbo-20261108150900-Tennis_tournament_start_date_and_end_date|source]]) * Schema examples: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/EntitySchema_directory|EntitySchema Directory]] - see here for the list of EntitySchema's available. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:Wikiproject_European_Universities_Alliances|Project: European Universities Alliances]] - coordinate the creation, curation, and enrichment of items related to the European Universities initiative (EUI) ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_NOM|Project: NOM]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Italien_in_Berlin|Project: Italien in Berlin]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Humans_with_missing_claims|Humans with missing claims]] - This report sorts Items about humans missing a claim: sex or gender (P21), place of birth (P19), date of birth (P569), family name (P734) and given name (P735). Table rows by other human-related claims help break these columns down further. ''' Development ''' * [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Zambia|Zambia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:55, 9 November 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31239182 --> 4in9slrwprx8x451t98tetit0s1bt9t 0 475634 7386607 7349945 2026-11-10T06:13:13Z Almajidy 2647497 7386607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}} {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);">Wy/ar/</span>}} {{Wy/ar/مقدمة الصفحة الرئيسية}} </div></div> {{Wy/ar/محتوى مميز}} <div style="display:flex; gap:24px; flex-wrap:wrap;"> <!-- القالب الأول --> <templatestyles src="Template:Wy/ar/Main Page/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="Wy/ar/Communityportal/styles.css" /> <!-- دعم الأجهزة المحمولة --> <div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row" dir="rtl" lang="ar"> <span style="font-size:20px">'''اكتشف''' <div style="float:left; margin:0 0 12px 16px;"> [[File:Cairo tower by dungodung.jpg |250px]] </div> * هناك '''نسختان رئيسيتان''' من '''كرة قدم الرغبي''': ** اتحاد الرغبي الذي يُلعب بـ15 لاعبًا لكل فريق (مع نسخة سباعية). ** دوري الرغبي الذي يُلعب بـ13 لاعبًا لكل فريق. * يبلغ ارتفاع برج القاهرة ''(في الصورة)'' 187 متراً، ويمكن رؤيته من معظم أنحاء وسط القاهرة، ويوفر إطلالات رائعة ليلاً ونهاراً على المدينة وعلى الأهرامات. * وفقًا للمعايير الهندية، فإن '''معالم [[Wy/ar/حيدر آباد|حيدر آباد]] ليست قديمة جدًا'''، مما يعني أنها محفوظة بشكل أفضل. <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> <!-- القالب الثاني --> <templatestyles src="Template:Wy/ar/Main Page/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="Wy/ar/Communityportal/styles.css" /> <!-- دعم الأجهزة المحمولة --> <div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row" dir="rtl" lang="ar"> <span style="font-size:20px">'''[[Wy/ar/كن جريئا|شارك]]''' * [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة الوصول|هل أنت جديد في ويكي رحلات ولديك سؤال؟ اطرحه هنا!]] * [[Wy/ar/المساعدة|المساعدة]] * [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:نصائح للمساهمة|نصائح للمساهمة]] * [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:بوابة المجتمع|بوابة المجتمع]] * [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:سياسات وإرشادات|سياسات وإرشادات]] * [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:الرحلات الاستكشافية|الرحلات الاستكشافية]] * [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:المقالات المطلوبة|المقالات المطلوبة]] * [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|صالة المسافرين]] </div> </div> <!-- ======================== مشاريع شقيقة ======================== --> {{Wy/ar/مشاريع شقيقة}} <div class="nomobile" margin-top:-1em;">&nbsp;</div> <div style="float:right;">[[Wy/ar/الصفحة الرئيسة/مصدر الصورة|<span style="color:var( --color-subtle, gray)">مصدر الصورة</span>]]</div> <!-- ======================== وصلات انترويكي ======================== --> {{Wy/ar/الصفحة الرئيسية/وصلات انترويكي}} __NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__ [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} 5suo0fdovhg141d8p4tq8wprwet3u4g 0 616621 7386658 7386146 2026-11-10T07:30:21Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الحياة البرية */ 7386658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Oceania banner.jpg|أوقوسانيا}} '''أوقيانوسيا''' هي منطقة توصف أحيانًا بأنها قارة؛ لكنها في الواقع منطقة شاسعة تفصل فيها مياه المحيط الهادئ بين الدول، بدلًا من الحدود البرية. والواقع أن الحدود البرية الوحيدة هنا، على جزيرة غينيا الجديدة، لا تفصل بين دولتين من أوقيانوسيا، بل بين دولة أوقيانية وأخرى آسيوية. تشتهر الجزر الصغيرة التي لا تُحصى برمالها البيضاء وأشجار النخيل المتمايلة، وشعابها المرجانية المذهلة، وبراكينها الوعرة. وتضم أوقيانوسيا أيضًا صحاري [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] والغابات المطيرة الجبلية في [[Wy/ar/بابوا غينيا الجديدة|بابوا غينيا الجديدة]]، وهي منطقة تتجاور فيها مجتمعات السكان الأصليين والمدن الكبرى الحديثة. ==الأقاليم== تُعد أستراليا ونيوزيلندا وبابوا غينيا الجديدة أكبر بلدان هذه القارة المفترضة بفارق كبير، كما أن البلدين الأولين هما الأكثر زيارة من قبل المسافرين. وتشمل أوقيانوسيا مجموعات جزرية شاسعة هي '''بولينيزيا''' (تمتد من نيوزيلندا شمالًا وشرقًا)، و'''ميلانيزيا''' (إلى الغرب وجنوب خط الاستواء)، و'''ميكرونيزيا''' (تقع بالكامل تقريبًا شمال خط الاستواء). {{Wy/ar/Clear}} {{Wy/ar/Worldimagemap/صورة خريطة أوقيانوسيا}} [[Image:Samoa.jpg|thumb|350px|left|مياه زرقاء صافية على ساحل [[Wy/ar/ساموا|ساموا]]]] {{Wy/ar/قائمة المناطق |خريطة المنطقة= |عنوان الخريطة= |حجم الخريطة= | المنطقة1اسم=[[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] بما في ذلك [[Wy/ar/جزيرة عيد الميلاد|جزيرة عيد الميلاد]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر كوكوس|جزر كوكوس]] | المنطقة1لون=#eab268 |المنطقة1نوع= |المنطقة1وصف=أكبر بلدان أوقيانوسيا وأكثرها سكانًا، وغالبًا ما تُعدّ قارة قائمة بذاتها. تشمل الوجهات المتكررة عواصم الولايات والأقاليم، مثل [[Wy/ar/أديلايد|أديلايد]] و[[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]] و[[Wy/ar/داروين|داروين]] و[[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]] و[[Wy/ar/ملبورن|ملبورن]] و[[Wy/ar/بيرث|بيرث]] و[[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]]، بالإضافة إلى العاصمة الوطنية [[Wy/ar/كانبيرا|كانبيرا]]. وتتنوع مناخاتها بين المعتدل والمداري، كما تتنوع مناظرها الطبيعية بين الصحاري ومناطق جبال الألب والغابات المطيرة. | المنطقة2اسم=[[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] | المنطقة2لون=#9ac3c3 |المنطقة2نوع= |المنطقة2وصف=على الرغم من صغر حجمها مقارنةً بأستراليا، شأنها شأن معظم البلدان، فإنها وجهة سياحية رئيسية، ويُنظر إليها على نطاق واسع باعتبارها واحدة من أكثر بلدان العالم نقاءً وجمالًا. وتتوفر فيها مرافق متطورة للمسافرين. ومن الناحيتين الجغرافية — والثقافية إلى حد كبير — تُعد نيوزيلندا جزءًا من بولينيزيا؛ فشعب الماوري الأصلي بولينيزي، كما أن عدد البولينيزيين الذين يعيشون في منطقة [[Wy/ar/أوكلاند|أوكلاند]] الكبرى يفوق عددهم في جميع مدن بولينيزيا الأخرى مجتمعة. | المنطقة3اسم=[[Wy/ar/بابوا غينيا الجديدة|بابوا غينيا الجديدة]] | المنطقة3لون=#81b2ab |المنطقة3نوع= |المنطقة3وصف=تقع جغرافيًا ضمن ميلانيزيا، وتضم جزرها غابات مطيرة استوائية ومناظر طبيعية رائعة وثقافات متنوعة. وتشترك جزيرة [[Wy/ar/غينيا الجديدة|غينيا الجديدة]] الرئيسية مع [[Wy/ar/إندونيسيا|إندونيسيا]]، وهي الموقع الوحيد لحدود برية في أوقيانوسيا. إنها وجهة سفر مغامرات نادرًا ما تُزار، ويُنصح فيها بتوخي الحذر. | المنطقة4اسم=[[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] | المنطقة4لون=#9bb5d0 |المنطقة4نوع=[[Wy/ar/ساموا|ساموا]]، [[Wy/ar/تونغا|تونغا]]، [[Wy/ar/توفالو|توفالو]] وعدة أقاليم، مثل [[Wy/ar/ساموا الأمريكية|ساموا الأمريكية]]، [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا الفرنسية|بولينيزيا الفرنسية]]، [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]، [[Wy/ar/جزر كوك|جزر كوك]]، [[Wy/ar/نيوي|نيوي]]، [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]]، [[Wy/ar/جزر بيتكيرن|جزر بيتكيرن]]، [[Wy/ar/توكيلاو|توكيلاو]]، [[Wy/ar/واليس وفوتونا|واليس وفوتونا]] |المنطقة4وصف=لا يوجد اسم آخر يستحضر صور الجنة بهذا الوضوح. إنها جزر خلابة أشبه بالجنة، تمتد آلاف الكيلومترات عبر جنوب المحيط الهادئ النائي. | المنطقة5اسم=[[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] | المنطقة5لون=#a1d48b |المنطقة5نوع=[[Wy/ar/فيجي|فيجي]]، [[Wy/ar/كاليدونيا الجديدة|كاليدونيا الجديدة]]، [[Wy/ar/جزيرة نورفولك|جزيرة نورفولك]]، [[Wy/ar/جزر سليمان|جزر سليمان]]، [[Wy/ar/فانواتو|فانواتو]] |المنطقة5وصف=ترتبط ارتباطًا وثيقًا بالتركيبة العرقية والثقافية في بابوا غينيا الجديدة، التي تُدرج معها كثيرًا. وتُعد [[Wy/ar/فيجي|فيجي]] أكثر بلدان ميلانيزيا زيارة، رغم أن [[Wy/ar/كاليدونيا الجديدة|كاليدونيا الجديدة]] تُعد أيضًا وجهة سياحية ضخمة. | المنطقة6اسم=[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] | المنطقة6لون=#c8b0e0 |المنطقة6نوع=[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا الموحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا الموحدة]]، [[Wy/ar/غوام|غوام]]، [[Wy/ar/كيريباتي|كيريباتي]]، [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]، [[Wy/ar/ناورو|ناورو]] (ناويرو)، [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]]، [[Wy/ar/بالاو|بالاو]] |المنطقة6وصف=تقع جزر ميكرونيزيا الصغيرة على خط الاستواء أو شماله، وتشهد حركة سياحية وتجارية أقل من بقية مجموعات الجزر. ويمكن القول إن [[Wy/ar/بالاو|بالاو]] هي الوجهة الأكثر إثارة للاهتمام بين هذه الجزر. }} ==المدن== [[Image:Paul Gauguin 056.jpg|thumb|right|250px|نساء تاهيتيات على الشاطئ، لوحة للفنان بول غوغان]] <!--Cities and Other destinations lists are limited to 9 items. Please first discuss proposed changes.--> * [[Wy/ar/آبيا|آبيا]] — مدينة متداعية بعض الشيء، لكنها محطة أولى مفيدة للزوار الذين يزورون ساموا للمرة الأولى. * [[Wy/ar/أوكلاند|أوكلاند]] — مدينة كبرى نابضة بالحياة ومتعددة الثقافات، تحقق نتائج جيدة في استطلاعات جودة الحياة. * [[Wy/ar/كرايستشيرش|كرايستشيرش]] — تُعرف باسم «مدينة الحدائق»، ولا تزال تعيد بناء نفسها بعد زلزال مدمر. * [[Wy/ar/ملبورن|ملبورن]] — مدينة نابضة بالحياة ومتعددة الثقافات ومهووسة بالرياضة، وتضم العديد من المؤسسات الثقافية. * [[Wy/ar/نوميا|نوميا]] — شواطئ جميلة وقصور استعمارية ولمسة فرنسية، ولكن بأسعار مرتفعة. * [[Wy/ar/بابيتي|بابيتي]] — ليست جنة استوائية، لكنها تضم أماكن للتسوق وتناول الطعام والشراب، كما أنها مكان لطيف لمراقبة المارة. * [[Wy/ar/بورت مورسبي|بورت مورسبي]] — عاصمة بابوا غينيا الجديدة المترامية الأطراف، وقد تكون خطرة. * [[Wy/ar/سوفا|سوفا]] — المركز التجاري والسياسي الرئيسي في فيجي. * [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]] — أكبر مدينة في أستراليا، وتضم جسر الميناء ودار الأوبرا. <!--Cities and Other destinations lists are limited to 9 items. Please first discuss proposed changes.--> ==وجهات أخرى== [[File:Landscape in Mount Cook National Park 01.jpg|thumb|250px|تشكل حديقة أوراكي/ماونت كوك الوطنية في الجزيرة الجنوبية جزءًا من واحدة من أكثر ثلاث بيئات جبلية نقاءً في أوقيانوسيا (باستثناء إندونيسيا)]] <!--Cities and Other destinations lists are limited to 9 items. Please first discuss proposed changes.--> * [[Wy/ar/حديقة أبيل تاسمان الوطنية|حديقة أبيل تاسمان الوطنية]] — استمتع بأحد «المسارات الكبرى» في نيوزيلندا بجوار مياه خليج تاسمان الصافية. * [[Wy/ar/حديقة أوراكي / ماونت كوك الوطنية|حديقة أوراكي / ماونت كوك الوطنية]] — تضم بعضًا من أعلى قمم القارة، ويُعد جبل أوراكي/ماونت كوك جبلًا خلابًا يثير الإعجاب. * [[Wy/ar/أيتوتاكي|أيتوتاكي]] — الصورة الكلاسيكية التي تشبه بطاقات البريد لجزيرة استوائية تحفّها أشجار النخيل وتحيط بها المياه الفيروزية. * [[Wy/ar/بورا بورا|بورا بورا]] — أجمل بحيرة شاطئية في بولينيزيا الفرنسية، لكنها باهظة الثمن بشكل لا يُصدق. * [[Wy/ar/الساحل المرجاني|الساحل المرجاني]] — شواطئ رائعة ذات رمال بيضاء وأشجار نخيل. * [[Wy/ar/الحاجز المرجاني العظيم|الحاجز المرجاني العظيم]] — أكبر تكوين مرجاني في العالم، ومكان رائع للغوص. * [[Wy/ar/بينتيكوست، بيناما|جزيرة بينتيكوست، بيناما]] — شاهد الغواصين الذين يقفزون من اليابسة ويخاطرون بما هو أكثر من محتويات ''النمباس'' التي يرتدونها. * [[Wy/ar/حديقة أولورو-كاتا تجوتا الوطنية|حديقة أولورو-كاتا تجوتا الوطنية]] — التكوينات الصخرية الشهيرة في قلب المناطق النائية الأسترالية. * [[Wy/ar/فافاو|فافاو]] — مجموعة تضم أكثر من 50 جزيرة في تونغا، وهي وجهة شائعة لليخوت ومشاهدة الحيتان أثناء الولادة. <!--Cities and Other destinations lists are limited to 9 items. Please first discuss proposed changes.--> ==افهم== [[File:Mt Hagen Cultural Show PNG 2008.jpg|thumb|right|أحد العروض في المهرجان الثقافي في [[Wy/ar/ماونت هاغن|ماونت هاغن]]]] كما يدل اسمها، تتميز هذه المنطقة بمساحات شاسعة من المحيط تتناثر فيها دول جزرية صغيرة وكبيرة. وتتراوح مناخاتها بين المداري والصحراوي وشبه القطبي. '''أسترالاسيا''' منطقة أضيق نطاقًا، تتكون من أستراليا ونيوزيلندا وغينيا الجديدة وميلانيزيا والجزر المجاورة. كان للاستعمار من قبل القوى الأجنبية تأثير واسع النطاق على المشهد الاجتماعي والثقافة في معظم أنحاء المنطقة. فقد جعل الاستعمار البريطاني لعبة الكريكيت جزءًا من صيف نصف الكرة الجنوبي، كما أدى إلى أن يصبح أحد شكلي [[Wy/ar/كرة الرجبي|الرجبي]] أو كلاهما — ومؤخرًا الرجبي السباعي — جزءًا لا يتجزأ من ثقافات أستراليا ونيوزيلندا وبابوا غينيا الجديدة وفيجي وتونغا وساموا. وأدى جلب العمال بعقود من الهند على يد البريطانيين لحصاد قصب السكر في فيجي إلى اضطرابات سياسية طويلة الأمد، لكنه يعني أيضًا أن [[Wy/ar/نادي|نادي]] تضم بعضًا من أفضل كرات الكفتة التي يمكن تناولها خارج مومباي. وفي [[Wy/ar/كاليدونيا الجديدة|كاليدونيا الجديدة]] الناطقة بالفرنسية، تحيط بالعاصمة الحديثة والمركز السياحي [[Wy/ar/نوميا|نوميا]] قرى ميلانيزية نادرًا ما يزورها السياح، فضلًا عن بعض أكبر الشعاب المرجانية في العالم. تقليديًا، اعتُبرت المنطقة بمثابة الفناء الخلفي للولايات المتحدة وأستراليا ونيوزيلندا، التي قدمت دعمًا اقتصاديًا حيويًا لمعظم بلدان المنطقة الأخرى الفقيرة والمعزولة. غير أن نفوذ الصين في المنطقة نما بشكل كبير خلال القرن الحادي والعشرين من خلال مبادرة الحزام والطريق، التي وفرت بموجبها تمويلًا لمشروعات بنية تحتية ضخمة لم تكن دول جزر المحيط الهادئ الأفقر قادرة على تحمل تكاليفها لولا ذلك. وقد أدى هذا إلى زيادة التوترات بين الصين والدول الغربية الناطقة بالإنجليزية، وإلى نشوب خلافات داخل دول جزر المحيط الهادئ نفسها بشأن مجال النفوذ الذي ينبغي لها الانحياز إليه. ===التاريخ=== [[File:Map of Oceania 1909 colonial possessions.jpg|thumb|قُسّمت أوقيانوسيا إلى مستعمرات بريطانية وفرنسية وألمانية قبل الحرب العالمية الأولى]] يعود تاريخ الوجود البشري في هذه المنطقة إلى 60 ألف سنة، حين بدأت أوقيانوسيا تستقبل موجات متعاقبة من الشعوب المهاجرة، بما في ذلك [[Wy/ar/ثقافة السكان الأصليين الأستراليين|السكان الأصليون الأستراليون]] و[[Wy/ar/ثقافة السكان الأصليين التايوانيين|الشعوب الأسترونيزية]]. بدأ الاستكشاف والاستيطان الأوروبي في القرن السادس عشر، وبحلول القرن الثامن عشر أجرى [[Wy/ar/رحلات جيمس كوك|الكابتن جيمس كوك]] ثلاث رحلات عبر المحيط الهادئ. وبحلول أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، كانت بريطانيا وفرنسا وألمانيا والولايات المتحدة تسيطر على المنطقة بأكملها. بعد عام 1918، فقدت ألمانيا إمبراطوريتها الاستعمارية. وخلال [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]، احتل اليابانيون مساحات شاسعة من أوقيانوسيا، التي أصبحت مسرحًا لمعارك بحرية هائلة واشتباكات مروعة وجهًا لوجه، بينما كان الحلفاء يستعيدون الجزر من اليابانيين. وبعد ذلك، انتقلت دول جديدة من الحكم الاستعماري إلى الاستقلال، مع بقاء بعض آثار الاستعمار، مثل [[Wy/ar/ساموا الأمريكية|ساموا الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر بيتكيرن|جزر بيتكيرن]] و[[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا الفرنسية|بولينيزيا الفرنسية]]. [[File:TodayYesterday.jpg|thumb|علامة خط الطول 180° (المقابل لخط غرينتش) في [[Wy/ar/تافيوني|تافيوني]]. ومن الناحية النظرية، يتبع خط التاريخ الدولي خط الطول 180°، لكنه ينحرف عمليًا شرقًا وغربًا]] ===الوقت=== تستخدم معظم بلدان أوقيانوسيا نظام الساعة ذي الاثنتي عشرة ساعة، باستثناء الحالات التي تتطلب وضوحًا أكبر، مثل مواعيد الرحلات الجوية والحوسبة والسفر وما إلى ذلك. والبلدان والأقاليم الوحيدة في أوقيانوسيا التي تستخدم نظام الساعة ذي الأربع والعشرين ساعة في الحياة اليومية هي الأقاليم الناطقة بالفرنسية. ====خط التاريخ الدولي==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|المناطق الزمنية}} يمر '''خط التاريخ الدولي''' عبر أوقيانوسيا. وتقع الأراضي الواقعة غربه (أي في أقصى ''شرق'' معظم خرائط العالم ثنائية الأبعاد!) قبل التوقيت العالمي المنسق (UTC) بعدة ساعات، بينما تقع الأراضي الواقعة شرقه (غربًا على خرائط العالم ثنائية الأبعاد) خلف التوقيت العالمي المنسق بعدة ساعات. عادةً ما تقدّم ساعتك عند السفر شرقًا من منطقة زمنية إلى أخرى، وتؤخرها عند السفر غربًا. وينطبق الأمر نفسه عند عبور خط التاريخ الدولي، لكنك في هذه الحالة ستعود أيضًا إلى يوم الأمس عند السفر شرقًا (أي إنك ستؤخر ساعتك 23 ساعة فعليًا)، أو تتقدم إلى يوم الغد عند السفر غربًا. ولا يتبع الخط مسارًا مستقيمًا على طول خط طول واحد، بل يتعرج شرقًا وغربًا تبعًا للحدود الدولية. ويهدف ذلك إلى إبقاء جميع جزر البلد الواحد في اليوم نفسه، وينتج عنه وجود بعض الجزر التي يسبق توقيتها التوقيت العالمي المنسق أو يتأخر عنه بأكثر من 12 ساعة. ==الوصول== ===بالطائرة=== راجع مقالات البلدان للاطلاع على معلومات مفصلة حول كيفية '''الوصول''' إليها. توفّر البلدان الرئيسية، [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] و[[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]]، رحلات جوية تربطهما بجميع القارات المأهولة، بما في ذلك بعض الرحلات المباشرة من أمريكا الجنوبية وجنوب أفريقيا. وتقع مراكز النقل الجوي الرئيسية في المنطقة في [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]] ({{Wy/ar/IATA|SYD}}) و[[Wy/ar/ملبورن|ملبورن]] ({{Wy/ar/IATA|MEL}}) و[[Wy/ar/أوكلاند|أوكلاند]] ({{Wy/ar/IATA|AKL}}) و[[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]] ({{Wy/ar/IATA|BNE}}) و[[Wy/ar/بيرث|بيرث]] ({{Wy/ar/IATA|PER}}). وهناك بوابات دخول أخرى توفر فرصًا للوصول ومسارات رحلات مثيرة للاهتمام. تربط شركة إيركالين [[Wy/ar/نوميا|نوميا]] بسنغافورة وبانكوك، وتواصل رحلة بانكوك طريقها إلى باريس. وتسير شركة إير تاهيتي نوي رحلات من مركزها في [[Wy/ar/بابيتي|بابيتي]] إلى لوس أنجلوس وطوكيو وسياتل وأوكلاند وباريس، بينما تسير إير فرانس أيضًا رحلات من باريس إلى بابيتي عبر لوس أنجلوس. وتتوفر رحلات متابعة إلى [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]] و[[Wy/ar/أوكلاند|أوكلاند]]. وتربط فيجي إيرويز [[Wy/ar/نادي|نادي]] ({{Wy/ar/IATA|NAN}}) بلوس أنجلوس وسان فرانسيسكو وهونولولو وفانكوفر وهونغ كونغ وطوكيو وسنغافورة، مع رحلات متابعة إلى أستراليا ونيوزيلندا ودول جزر المحيط الهادئ الأخرى. وتوفر إير نيوزيلندا رحلات إلى [[Wy/ar/تونغا|تونغا]] و[[Wy/ar/ساموا|ساموا]] من لوس أنجلوس وأوكلاند. وتوفر [[Wy/ar/مانيلا|مانيلا]] و[[Wy/ar/غوام|غوام]] و[[Wy/ar/هونولولو|هونولولو]] بوابات دخول إلى العديد من بلدان ميكرونيزيا، وذلك أساسًا عبر يونايتد إيرلاينز. كما تشغّل إير نيوغيني رحلات من [[Wy/ar/بورت مورسبي|بورت مورسبي]] ({{Wy/ar/IATA|POM}}) إلى هونغ كونغ وسنغافورة ومانيلا. تُشغّل كانتاس الرحلة الوحيدة المباشرة دون توقف بين أوقيانوسيا وأوروبا، بين [[Wy/ar/لندن|لندن]]-[[Wy/ar/مطار هيثرو|هيثرو]] وبيرث. تواجه الجزر الأصغر التي تقل فيها السياحة تحديات إضافية في الوصول إليها. فبعضها غير مأهول تمامًا، وبعضها الآخر يفرض قيودًا على الدخول. ===بالقارب=== تجوب عدة رحلات بحرية في جنوب المحيط الهادئ المحيط الشاسع، لكن تتوفر بعض الأماكن للمسافرين الصبورين على سفن الشحن السائب أو سفن الحاويات التي تسلك طرق التجارة. ويتناول كل من [[Wy/ar/الرحلات البرية حول العالم#اعتبارات عامة|الرحلات البرية حول العالم]] و[[Wy/ar/التنقل خلسة على متن القوارب#عبور المحيط الهادئ|التنقل خلسة على متن القوارب]] بعض المعلومات حول كيفية السفر عبر المحيط الهادئ. والمسافات هائلة، إذ إن المحيط الهادئ أكبر من إجمالي مساحة اليابسة على كوكب الأرض. ==التنقل== ===بالطائرة=== [[File:Approach-plane-Nauru.jpg|thumbnail|الهبوط في [[Wy/ar/ناورو|ناورو]] (ناويرو)]] من دون [[Wy/ar/يخت|يخت]] ووقت طويل، فإن الطريقة الوحيدة أمام المسافرين للتنقل بين الوجهات الرئيسية في أوقيانوسيا هي الطائرة. وتتمتع [[Wy/ar/أوكلاند|أوكلاند]] و[[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]] و[[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]] بروابط جوية جيدة مع المنطقة. وعادةً ما يكون من الممكن السفر من الساحل الغربي للولايات المتحدة إلى سيدني أو أوكلاند عبر [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] أو [[Wy/ar/تاهيتي|تاهيتي]] أو [[Wy/ar/فيجي|فيجي]] أو حتى [[Wy/ar/جزر كوك|جزر كوك]]. ويُعد مطار [[Wy/ar/نادي|نادي]] ({{Wy/ar/IATA|NAN}}) في فيجي مركز النقل الجوي الرئيسي لدول جزر المحيط الهادئ، لذا من المرجح أن يتطلب السفر جوًا إلى دول جزر المحيط الهادئ الأخرى تغيير الطائرة هناك. ومع ذلك، تتغير المسارات الجوية وتُلغى بحسب مدى ربحيتها لشركات الطيران. وتتلقى معظم مناطق بولينيزيا الناطقة بالإنجليزية رحلات منتظمة من إير نيوزيلندا. أما بلدان ميلانيزيا، فتخدمها أساسًا شركات الطيران الوطنية التابعة لها، إلى جانب كانتاس وفيرجن أستراليا وجيتستار. كما تمتلك فيجي إيرويز شبكة جيدة نسبيًا من الرحلات الجوية من مركزها في نادي إلى دول جزر المحيط الهادئ الأخرى. ولا تتوقع وجود رحلات يومية؛ فالأمر يتطلب الصبر. ويُعد السفر جوًا بين ميكرونيزيا والمنطقتين الأخريين أمرًا صعبًا، وقد يتطلب السفر طوال الطريق إلى هونولولو أو اتباع مسار معقد عبر مانيلا وسيدني وأوكلاند. ومن خيارات الرحلات الجوية داخل أوقيانوسيا، على سبيل المثال لا الحصر: * ترتبط [[Wy/ar/غوام|غوام]] برحلات إلى [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] و[[Wy/ar/اليابان|اليابان]]، كما تتوفر رحلة إلى [[Wy/ar/كيرنز|كيرنز]] في [[Wy/ar/أقصى شمال كوينزلاند|أقصى شمال كوينزلاند]]، لكنها غالبًا باهظة الثمن جدًا. * ترتبط [[Wy/ar/جزر كوك|جزر كوك]] برحلات إلى تاهيتي. * تتوفر من [[Wy/ar/تاهيتي|تاهيتي]] رحلات إلى [[Wy/ar/أوكلاند|أوكلاند]]. * ترتبط [[Wy/ar/فيجي|فيجي]] برحلات إلى تاهيتي وجزر سليمان وساموا و[[Wy/ar/توفالو|توفالو]] و[[Wy/ar/كيريباتي|كيريباتي]] وفانواتو. * ترتبط [[Wy/ar/ساموا|ساموا]] جيدًا بأوكلاند وسيدني، فضلًا عن رحلات أسبوعية إلى فيجي و[[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وتُعد الروابط الجوية بين ساموا و[[Wy/ar/ساموا الأمريكية|ساموا الأمريكية]] أكثر موثوقية من التنقل بحرًا بين هذين الجارين. * ترتبط [[Wy/ar/جزر سليمان|جزر سليمان]] برحلات إلى فيجي وفانواتو. * ترتبط [[Wy/ar/فانواتو|فانواتو]] برحلات إلى فيجي وكاليدونيا الجديدة. * تتوفر من [[Wy/ar/كاليدونيا الجديدة|كاليدونيا الجديدة]] رحلات إلى [[Wy/ar/أوكلاند|أوكلاند]]. * يتمتع المثلث الذي يضم [[Wy/ar/تونغا|تونغا]] و[[Wy/ar/ساموا|ساموا]] و[[Wy/ar/فيجي|فيجي]] بروابط جوية جيدة نسبيًا. ===بالسفينة=== تتوفر بعض خيارات التنقل بالقوارب، ومنها السفن السياحية واليخوت الخاصة والرحلات البحرية الاستكشافية وحتى سفن الشحن. راجع المقالات الخاصة بالوجهة التي تنوي زيارتها. ==تحدث== تُتحدث العديد من لغات السكان الأصليين في أنحاء أوقيانوسيا، وتنتمي معظم هذه اللغات، باستثناء معظم لغات السكان الأصليين الأستراليين واللغات البابوية، إلى عائلة اللغات الأسترونيزية، التي تضم أيضًا لغات أخرى مثل [[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات الماليزية|الماليزية]] و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات الإندونيسية|الإندونيسية]] و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات الفلبينية|التاغالوغية]]. وبسبب تاريخ الاستعمار البريطاني والأمريكي، تُعد '''الإنجليزية''' اللغة السائدة في أستراليا ونيوزيلندا، كما أنها لغة ثانية شائعة في معظم جزر المحيط الهادئ، باستثناء كاليدونيا الجديدة وواليس وفوتونا وبولينيزيا الفرنسية الخاضعة للحكم الفرنسي. وفي بعض المناطق، مثل بابوا غينيا الجديدة وفانواتو، تتشارك اللغات الكريولية القائمة على الإنجليزية صفة اللغة الرسمية مع الإنجليزية القياسية، وقد يصعب على الأجانب فهمها، لكن السكان المحليين المتعلمين يستطيعون دائمًا تقريبًا التحول إلى الإنجليزية القياسية عند الحاجة. ومن الطبيعي أن تكون [[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات الفرنسية|الفرنسية]] اللغة الرئيسية في كاليدونيا الجديدة وبولينيزيا الفرنسية، بينما يتحدث [[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات الهندية|الهندية]] أيضًا عدد كبير من السكان في فيجي، ولا سيما المنحدرين من أصول هندية. ==شاهد== [[Image:Neiafu2.jpg|thumb|ميناء نييافو، [[Wy/ar/فافاو|فافاو]]، في تونغا]] تتميز جميع مجموعات الجزر بسحرها، ويمكنك قضاء أشهر في التجول بينها إذا توفر لديك الوقت والمال. فهناك جزر فائقة الجمال ([[Wy/ar/ساموا|ساموا]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر كوك|جزر كوك]] و[[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا الفرنسية|بولينيزيا الفرنسية]])، وثقافات ومهرجانات رائعة، وفرص ممتازة للغوص، وشواطئ مهجورة تمامًا. ===التأثيرات الاستعمارية والتاريخ=== نظرًا إلى أن تاريخ معظم الوجهات هيمن عليه الاستعمار، فإنها تتيح للمسافرين فرصًا لاستكشاف قصص الماضي، التي غالبًا ما تكون قاتمة، لكنها مثيرة للاهتمام أيضًا. ===الحياة البرية=== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الحياة البرية في أسترالاسيا}} [[File:Cacatua galerita -balcony -Sydney -Australia-8d.jpg|thumbnail|ببغاوات الكوكاتو صفراء العرف في سيدني]] يمكن اكتشاف بعض أنواع الحياة البرية الفريدة في المنطقة. تُعد [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] و[[Wy/ar/بابوا غينيا الجديدة|بابوا غينيا الجديدة]] موطنًا للجرابيات، وهي فصيلة من الثدييات تضم أنواعًا محبوبة مثل الكنغر والكوالا والومبت والأبوسوم، وكذلك شيطان تسمانيا. وستجد هنا أيضًا الثدييات وحيدة المسلك، ممثلةً في خلد الماء وآكل النمل الشوكي، وهما الثدييان الوحيدان في العالم اللذان يضعان البيض. في [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]]، قد تصادف طائر الكيوي الخجول الذي ينشط غالبًا ليلًا (أو يمكنك رؤيته بسهولة أكبر في مرافق أنشأها الإنسان)، وهو طائر لا يطير، وقد منح سكان البلاد لقبهم. ومن الطيور الأخرى التي لا تطير طائر التاكاهي، الذي كان يُعتقد أنه انقرض حتى عام 1949، وطائر الكاكابو (الببغاء الليلي). وتشمل غرائب التطور الأخرى الزاحف التواتارا القديم، وخفافيش تصطاد على الأرض، وضفادع لا تنقّ. ويتكاثر ربع الطيور البحرية في العالم في منطقة نيوزيلندا. الحياة البحرية وفيرة ومتنوعة في أنحاء المنطقة، وهي أحد الأسباب الرئيسية التي تدفع المسافرين إلى استكشاف هذا الجزء من العالم. فالأسماك الاستوائية والشعاب المرجانية الملونة مثالية لمحبي الغوص والغوص السطحي، لكن يمكن مشاهدة الكثير أيضًا من سطح القارب. وتتاح لك فرص رؤية حيوانات أكبر حجمًا مثل أسماك المانتا والدلافين وحتى الحيتان. في جنوب أستراليا ونيوزيلندا، يمكن مشاهدة الفقمات وأسود البحر وطيور البطريق في موائلها الطبيعية، وتُعد [[Wy/ar/جزيرة الكنغر|جزيرة الكنغر]] و[[Wy/ar/جزيرة فيليب|جزيرة فيليب]] وساحل [[Wy/ar/أوتاغو|أوتاغو]] و[[Wy/ar/جزيرة ستيوارت|جزيرة ستيوارت]] مواقع شهيرة لذلك. ===إحياء ذكرى حرب المحيط الهادئ=== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|حرب المحيط الهادئ}} شهد مسرح المحيط الهادئ في الحرب العالمية الثانية معارك برية وبحرية وجوية بين دول المحور (وخاصة [[Wy/ar/اليابان|اليابان]]) والحلفاء (وخاصة [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] و[[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]])، وذلك من عام 1941 إلى عام 1945. يمكن مشاهدة بقايا الحرب في أماكن عديدة، مثل [[Wy/ar/مسار كوكودا|مسار كوكودا]] في غينيا الجديدة. ===الرياضة=== تُعد [[Wy/ar/الكريكيت|الكريكيت]] رياضة شعبية في أستراليا ونيوزيلندا، وتُمارس عادةً خلال فصل الصيف. تُعد [[Wy/ar/كرة الرجبي|الرجبي]] واحدة من أكثر الرياضات شعبية في أوقيانوسيا؛ إذ يسود اتحاد الرجبي في نيوزيلندا وفيجي وتونغا وساموا، بينما يسود دوري الرجبي في أستراليا وبابوا غينيا الجديدة. وفي المنافسات الدولية، تُعتبر نيوزيلندا على نطاق واسع ملكة اتحاد الرجبي بلا منازع، بينما تحتل أستراليا المكانة نفسها في دوري الرجبي. وتشتهر فيجي خصوصًا بفريقها للرجبي السباعي، الذي فاز بالعديد من الميداليات الذهبية الأولمبية وألقاب بطولة هونغ كونغ للرجبي السباعي. ==افعل== [[Image:Aitutaki-Motu Tapuaetai.jpg|thumb|250px|right|المزيد من الشواطئ التي تحفها أشجار النخيل؛ وهذه المرة في أيتوتاكي، جزر كوك]] ===الاسترخاء في الأرجوحة=== تُعد الشواطئ ذات الرمال البيضاء النقية المنتشرة في أنحاء جنوب المحيط الهادئ أماكن رائعة للاستلقاء والاستمتاع بالهدوء والسكينة. ===الغوص والغوص السطحي=== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الغوص بجهاز تنفس}} توجد مواقع للغوص في جميع أنحاء أوقيانوسيا. ولمشاهدة الشعاب المرجانية والأسماك الاستوائية، استكشف [[Wy/ar/الحاجز المرجاني العظيم|الحاجز المرجاني العظيم]] في [[Wy/ar/كوينزلاند|كوينزلاند]]، و[[Wy/ar/شعاب نينغالو المرجانية|شعاب نينغالو المرجانية]] في [[Wy/ar/أستراليا الغربية|أستراليا الغربية]]. وتضم [[Wy/ar/فيجي|فيجي]] بعض الشعاب المرجانية حول [[Wy/ar/نادي|نادي]]، فضلًا عن الشعاب المرجانية البكر ذات الألوان الزاهية والمذهلة في الجزر الأبعد. وتحظى [[Wy/ar/ساموا|ساموا]] بشعبية لدى الغواصين. وتضم [[Wy/ar/جزر كوك|جزر كوك]] شعابًا مرجانية يسهل الوصول إليها قبالة الشاطئ مباشرةً في الجزر الرئيسية. كما توجد شعاب يسهل الوصول إليها في [[Wy/ar/فانواتو|فانواتو]]، لكن محدودية المرافق تجعل الوصول إليها أصعب مما هو عليه في فيجي. وتتوافر أيضًا فرص للغوص في المياه المعتدلة في [[Wy/ar/تسمانيا|تسمانيا]] و[[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]]. تتوفر فرص جيدة للغوص إلى حطام السفن. ويُعد حطام سفينة «راينبو واريور» قبالة [[Wy/ar/الجزيرة الشمالية|الجزيرة الشمالية]] في نيوزيلندا واحدًا من أشهر هذه المواقع، كما تضم محيطات [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] العديد من الآثار المثيرة للاهتمام من الحرب العالمية الثانية. وتشتهر [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] وجزر بيكيني المرجانية بكونها مقبرة للسفن، وتوفر بعضًا من أكثر حطام السفن إثارةً للاهتمام في العالم، بما في ذلك الغواصات وحاملة الطائرات الوحيدة التي يمكن للغواصين الوصول إليها. ومع ذلك، فإن معظم مواقع الحطام هذه لا تناسب المبتدئين. ===الإبحار=== تُعد [[Wy/ar/فافاو|فافاو]] في تونغا وجهة شهيرة لليخوت التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ. ويمكن أيضًا استئجار اليخوت هناك. ===الصيد=== باعتبارها منطقة محيطية، تتوفر فيها فرص لا تُحصى لخوض تجارب صيد رائعة. ===المشي لمسافات طويلة والرحلات الجبلية=== [[File:MilfordTrack02.jpg|thumbnail|متنزهون على [[Wy/ar/مسار ميلفورد|مسار ميلفورد]]، في حديقة فيوردلاند الوطنية]] تضم [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] و[[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] بعض مسارات المشي لمسافات طويلة المهمة والشهيرة جدًا، مثل المسارات الموجودة في [[Wy/ar/سلسلة فليندرز|سلسلة فليندرز]] و[[Wy/ar/حديقة أبيل تاسمان الوطنية|حديقة أبيل تاسمان]] و[[Wy/ar/حديقة تونغاريرو الوطنية|حديقة تونغاريرو الوطنية]]. كما توفر المناظر الطبيعية البركانية الوعرة في العديد من جزر المحيط الهادئ فرصًا رائعة للمشي والاستكشاف. ===رياضات المغامرة=== اشتهرت [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] بوصفها مكانًا يتمتع ببنية تحتية متطورة لممارسة جميع أنواع رياضات المغامرة والرياضات الخطرة تقريبًا. وإلى جانب كونها مهد القفز بالحبال التجاري، ستجد فيها أيضًا القفز المظلي والطيران الشراعي وركوب القوارب النهرية والتزلج بالقوارب السريعة وتسلق الصخور واستكشاف الكهوف، فضلًا عن قائمة طويلة من الأنشطة التي تبدو وكأنها ابتُكرت محليًا من خلال الجمع بين رياضات مختلفة. يوفر شمال [[Wy/ar/كوينزلاند|كوينزلاند]] و[[Wy/ar/تسمانيا|تسمانيا]] فرصًا كثيرة أيضًا. كما أن المنحدرات الصخرية في [[Wy/ar/الجبال الزرقاء|الجبال الزرقاء]] بالقرب من سيدني رائعة لتسلق الصخور واستكشاف الأخاديد والمشي لمسافات طويلة. وتناسب البراكين والكهوف العديدة المنتشرة في جزر المحيط الهادئ محبي الاستكشاف والمغامرات، وربما تبدو الجزر الاستوائية العديدة أجمل حتى عند مشاهدتها أثناء التحليق فوقها. ===التزلج والرياضات الشتوية=== على الرغم من أن الرياضات الثلجية ليست أول ما يتبادر إلى الذهن، فإنها موجودة في الأجزاء الجنوبية من أوقيانوسيا. وتشهد [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] تساقطًا موثوقًا للثلوج في الشتاء، وتضم ما بين 10 و12 منطقة للتزلج، معظمها في [[Wy/ar/الجزيرة الجنوبية|الجزيرة الجنوبية]]. وتشمل هذه المناطق تريبل كون وكاردونا (واناكا)، وذا ريماكربلز وكورونيت بيك (كوينزتاون)، وجبل هات بالقرب من كرايستشيرش، وواكابابا وتوروا على جبل روابيهو في الجزيرة الشمالية. وتتدرب فرق عديدة من نصف الكرة الشمالي، سواء فرق السباقات أو الفرق الأولمبية، في نيوزيلندا خلال صيف نصف الكرة الشمالي. وفي أستراليا، تضم [[Wy/ar/الجبال الثلجية|الجبال الثلجية]] في [[Wy/ar/نيو ساوث ويلز|نيو ساوث ويلز]] أكبر منتجعات التزلج في نصف الكرة الجنوبي، رغم أن معظم منتجعات التزلج الأسترالية تقع في منطقة [[Wy/ar/المرتفعات العليا (فيكتوريا)|المرتفعات العليا]] بولاية [[Wy/ar/فيكتوريا (ولاية)|فيكتوريا]]. ==كُل== [[File:Umu.JPG|thumbnail|فرن أومو، حيث يُشوى اللحم والخضراوات في فرن أرضي في [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]]]] على الرغم من أن الأغذية الأساسية القادمة من خارج المنطقة، مثل الأرز والدقيق، أصبحت راسخة فيها الآن، فإن الأغذية التقليدية الأساسية من الجذور والدرنات لا تزال مهمة للغاية. وعادةً ما يكون الكسافا أرخصها، كما يؤدي دورًا في الأمن الغذائي لأنه يمكن تركه في الأرض مدة طويلة. والبطاطا الحلوة محصول بالغ الأهمية، وتوجد في معظم أنحاء أوقيانوسيا، وتتركز مناطق إنتاجها الرئيسية في [[Wy/ar/المرتفعات (بابوا غينيا الجديدة)|مرتفعات بابوا غينيا الجديدة]]. كما ينتشر القلقاس واليام على نطاق واسع. ويُعد الأخير أثمن المحاصيل الجذرية والدرنية، وترتبط بزراعته عادات وتقاليد كثيرة. ففي منطقة [[Wy/ar/سيبيك|سيبيك]] في بابوا غينيا الجديدة، على سبيل المثال، يُفترض أن تكون العلاقة الجنسية بين الأزواج المتزوجين محرّمة أثناء نمو اليام. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، يُعد موسم حصاد اليام في [[Wy/ar/جزر تروبرياند|جزر تروبرياند]] فترةً من الحرية الجنسية. في أستراليا ونيوزيلندا، تشبه ثقافة الطعام إلى حد كبير نظيرتها في أوروبا وأمريكا الشمالية. ومع ذلك، لا تزال هناك أطباق ومكونات فريدة يمكن العثور عليها، بعضها كان معروفًا لدى السكان الأصليين قبل وصول الأوروبيين، وبعضها الآخر ابتُكر في وقت لاحق. وبفضل الهجرة التي شهدها أواخر القرن العشرين، أصبحت الأطباق والمطاعم الآسيوية متوفرة على نطاق واسع وتحظى بشعبية كبيرة أيضًا. ==اشرب== [[File:Vineyards in Hunter Valley Wine Tour.jpg|thumbnail|كروم العنب في وادي [[Wy/ar/هنتر|هنتر]]]] '''الكافا''' مشروب يُصنع من جذور نبات يرتبط بنبات الفلفل، ويوجد أساسًا في بولينيزيا، وكذلك في فيجي وفانواتو. وله تأثير مخدر خفيف. ومن أسمائه الأخرى «أوا» في هاواي، و«أفا» في ساموا، و«ياكونا» في فيجي، و«ساكاو» في [[Wy/ar/بونبي|بونبي]]. ويُحضّر تقليديًا عن طريق مضغ جذور نبات الكافا أو طحنها أو دقها. وفي تونغا، كان المضغ تقليديًا من اختصاص العذارى من النساء. أما الدق فيُجرى باستخدام حجر كبير وجذع صغير. ثم يُضاف الناتج إلى الماء البارد ويُستهلك بأسرع ما يمكن، وعادةً ما يكون ذلك ضمن مجموعة من الأشخاص يجلسون معًا ويتناوبون على مشاركة الكأس. ومع ذلك، تحقق من القواعد قبل إخراج أي كمية منه من البلاد، إذ قد يكون استيراد الكافا غير قانوني. إذا كنت مهتمًا بسياحة '''[[Wy/ar/النبيذ|النبيذ]]'''، فتوجه إلى أستراليا أو نيوزيلندا. فأستراليا واحدة من أكبر منتجي النبيذ في نصف الكرة الجنوبي. ==احترم== باستثناء أستراليا ونيوزيلندا، اللتين تتسمان بطابع علماني إلى حد كبير، فإن جميع بلدان أوقيانوسيا مجتمعات محافظة بشدة من الناحية الأخلاقية وذات طابع '''[[Wy/ar/المسيحية|مسيحي]]'''. لذلك، توقع إغلاق جميع الأنشطة التجارية أيام الأحد، إذ يكون جميع سكان البلاد تقريبًا في الكنائس. وإذا صادف وجودك هناك يوم الأحد، فإن الذهاب إلى الكنيسة يكون عمومًا فرصة جيدة للتواصل مع السكان المحليين. ويتبع كثير من الهنود ذوي الأصول العرقية الهندية في فيجي ديانة [[Wy/ar/الهندوسية|الهندوسية]]. ==ابقَ آمنًا== من حيث الجريمة، فإن أوقيانوسيا بأكملها تقريبًا آمنة للزوار، باستثناء [[Wy/ar/بابوا غينيا الجديدة|بابوا غينيا الجديدة]]، التي تظل وجهة سفر لا تناسب إلا الأكثر ميلًا إلى المغامرة. وعلى وجه الخصوص، تسجل [[Wy/ar/بورت مورسبي|بورت مورسبي]] أحد أعلى معدلات جرائم العنف في العالم. وقد تكون القبائل التي لم تتصل بالعالم الخارجي في مناطق أخرى من بابوا غينيا الجديدة عدائية تجاه الغرباء أيضًا. كن حذرًا من [[Wy/ar/الحياة البرية الخطرة|الحياة البرية]]، إذ قد تكون خطرة للغاية (خصوصًا في المحيط، والمناطق الاستوائية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة، وكذلك المناطق النائية الأسترالية)، حيث توجد [[Wy/ar/التماسيح|التماسيح]] و[[Wy/ar/الثعابين|الثعابين]] و[[Wy/ar/قناديل البحر|قناديل البحر]]. وانتبه إلى أن العديد من الأنواع قد تسممك عند ملامستها (وقد يكون التسمم قاتلًا بعد بضع ساعات، وأحيانًا خلال دقائق). ومن الضروري التوجه إلى المستشفى أو إلى مكان آخر يقدم علاجًا للتسمم في مثل هذه الحالات. وإذا لم يكن هناك مستشفى قريب، فاستخدم كمادات الثلج. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== توجد في بعض مناطق [[Wy/ar/فانواتو|فانواتو]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر سليمان|جزر سليمان]] و[[Wy/ar/بابوا غينيا الجديدة|بابوا غينيا الجديدة]] مخاطر الإصابة ب[[Wy/ar/الملاريا|الملاريا]]. أما [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] و[[Wy/ar/فيجي|فيجي]] و[[Wy/ar/كاليدونيا الجديدة|كاليدونيا الجديدة]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر كوك|جزر كوك]] و[[Wy/ar/ساموا|ساموا]] والجزر الأخرى، فهي خالية من الملاريا. تزداد حالات انتشار [[Wy/ar/حمى الضنك|حمى الضنك]] ومرض شيكونغونيا و[[Wy/ar/فيروس زيكا|فيروس زيكا]] في المناطق الاستوائية. تجنب [[Wy/ar/الآفات#البعوض|لدغات البعوض]] ليلًا ''ونهارًا''، وخاصة أثناء تفشي الأمراض. قد تكون الجزر نائية، لكن الأمراض المنقولة جنسيًا لا تعرف الحدود. وينبغي اتباع الاحتياطات المعتادة. {{Wy/ar/Geo|-21|166|zoom=4}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] [[Category:Wy/ar/قارات]] {{INTERWIKI|Q55643}} f4zmzx444wwmji95zj8nutvzg2tfl4n 0 1789413 7386701 7383453 2026-11-10T08:49:08Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 /* பிராந்தியங்கள் */ 7386701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|TajMahal Banner.jpg|caption=தாஜ் மகால்|pgname=இந்தியா|origin=0,0}} '''இந்தியா''' ([[Wy/ta/இந்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|இந்தி]]: भारत ''பாரத்''), [[Wy/ta/தெற்கு ஆசியா|தெற்கு ஆசியாவின்]] மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகும். உலகின் மிக உயர்ந்த மலைகள், அதிக மக்கள் தொகை கொண்ட நகரங்கள் மற்றும் மிக நீண்ட நதிகள் பலவற்றைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. பண்டைய உலகின் மாபெரும் நாகரிகங்களில் ஒன்றாகத் திகழ்ந்ததும், ஒரு காலத்தில் 'பொன்னிறப் பறவை' எனப் போற்றப்பட்டதுமான இந்தியாவின் மரபும் பண்பாடும், கடந்த காலத்தையும் நிகழ்காலத்தையும் இணைக்கும் ஒரு செழுமையான கலவையாக விளங்குகின்றன. உலகின் அதிக மக்கள் தொகை கொண்ட இந்த பரந்த நாடு, பயணிகளுக்குப் பிரமிக்க வைக்கும் சமயங்கள் மற்றும் இனவியல் கூறுகள், மொழிகளின் ஒரு பெரும் தொகுப்பு, பலவிதமான உணவு வகைகள், அத்துடன் ஆயிரக்கணக்கான ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பு கட்டப்பட்டு இன்றும் சிதையாமல் நிற்கும் கட்டிடக்கலைச் சான்றுகள் ஆகியவற்றைக் காணும் வாய்ப்பை வழங்குகிறது. உலகமயமாக்கப்பட்ட சூழலுக்குள் இந்நாடு தன்னைத் திறந்துகொண்டிருந்தாலும், இங்கு வருகை தரும் பலரையும் வியப்பிலும் ஈர்ப்பிலும் ஆழ்த்தும் வரலாற்று ஆழத்தையும் பண்பாட்டுச் செழுமையையும் இந்தியா இன்றும் தன்னகத்தே கொண்டுள்ளது. இந்திய நாகரிகம் வரலாறு முழுவதும் பெரும் செல்வாக்கு செலுத்தி வந்துள்ளது. [[Wy/ta/தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா|தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவின்]] பல பண்பாடுகள் வலுவான இந்தியத் தாக்கங்களை வெளிப்படுத்துகின்றன. பௌத்த மதத்தின் பரவல் வாயிலாக, சில இந்தியத் தாக்கங்கள் கிழக்கு ஆசியப் பண்பாடுகளிலும் ஊடுருவியுள்ளன. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == இந்தியா நிர்வாக ரீதியாக 28 மாநிலங்கள் மற்றும் 8 ஒன்றியப் பகுதிகளாக பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. மாநிலங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் மொழி அடிப்படையில் வரையறுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. அவை அளவில் வேறுபடுகின்றன. பெரிய மாநிலங்கள் [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பாவின்]] சில நாடுகளை விடப் பெரியதாகவும், அதிக பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்டதாகவும் உள்ளன. ஒன்றியப் பகுதிகள் பொதுவாக மாநிலங்களை விட மிகவும் சிறியவை — சில சமயங்களில் அவை ஒரே ஒரு நகரமாக மட்டுமே இருக்கும். மேலும், அவற்றுக்கு மிகக் குறைந்த சுயாட்சியே உண்டு. இந்தியாவின் பிரதான நிலப்பரப்பிற்கு அப்பால் இரண்டு தீவுச் சங்கிலிகள் உள்ளன – [[Wy/ta/வங்காள விரிகுடா|வங்காள விரிகுடாவில்]] உள்ள [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]] மற்றும் அரபிக்கடலில் உள்ள [[Wy/ta/இலட்சத்தீவுகள்|இலட்சத்தீவுகள்]]. மாநிலங்களும் யூனியன் பிரதேசங்களும் மரபுரீதியாகப் பின்வரும் மண்டலங்களாக வகைப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன: {{Wy/ta/Regionlist | regionmap=India Wikivoyage map.svg | regionmaptext=இந்தியாவின் பிராந்தியங்கள் மற்றும் மாநிலங்களின் வரைபடம் | regionInteractiveMap=map1 | regionmapsize=400px | region1name=[[Wy/ta/வடக்கு இமயமலை|வடக்கு இமயமலை]] | region1color=#d5b66b | region1items=[[Wy/ta/சம்மு காசுமீர் (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)|சம்மு காசுமீர்]], [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கு|இலடாக்கு]], [[Wy/ta/இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/உத்தராகண்டம்|உத்தராகண்டம்]] | region1description=மலைகள் நிறைந்த அழகிய இப்பகுதி, சாகச விரும்பிகள் மற்றும் ஆன்மீக நாட்டம் கொண்டவர்களுக்கான ஒரு சுற்றுலாத் தலமாகும். இந்தியாவில் அதிகம் பார்வையிடப்படும் மலைவாசஸ்தலங்கள் மற்றும் புனிதத் தலங்கள் சில இப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளன. | region2name=[[Wy/ta/சமவெளிகள் (இந்தியா)|சமவெளிகள்]] | region2color=#d5dc76 | region2items=[[Wy/ta/பஞ்சாப் (இந்தியா)|பஞ்சாப்]], [[Wy/ta/அரியானா|அரியானா]], [[Wy/ta/உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்|உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/பிகார்|பிகார்]], [[Wy/ta/சண்டிகர்|சண்டிகர்]], [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]] | region2description=இந்தியாவின் 'தானியக் களஞ்சியம்' என்று அழைக்கப்படும் இப்பகுதி, புனித நதிகளான கங்கை, யமுனை மற்றும் அவற்றின் துணை ஆறுகளால் நீர்ப்பாசனம் பெறுகிறது. நாட்டின் தலைநகரான [[Wy/ta/புது தில்லி|புது தில்லி]], ''தாஜ் மகால்'' அமைந்துள்ள [[Wy/ta/ஆக்ரா|ஆக்ரா]], மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மதுரா|மதுரா]], [[Wy/ta/பிரயாக்ராஜ்|பிரயாக்ராஜ்]], [[Wy/ta/வாரணாசி|வாரணாசி]], [[Wy/ta/போத் கயா|போத் கயா]], [[Wy/ta/அமிர்தசரசு|அமிர்தசரசு]] போன்ற புனித நகரங்களும் இப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளன. இந்தியாவின் வரலாற்றை வடிவமைத்த பல முக்கிய நிகழ்வுகள் இப்பகுதியிலேயே நடைபெற்றன. | region3name=[[Wy/ta/மேற்கு இந்தியா|மேற்கு இந்தியா]] | region3color=#71b37b | region3items=[[Wy/ta/இராசத்தான்|இராசத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/குசராத்து|குசராத்து]], [[Wy/ta/மகாராட்டிரம்|மகாராட்டிரம்]], [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவா]], [[Wy/ta/தாத்ரா மற்றும் நகர் அவேலி, மற்றும் தமண் மற்றும் தீவ்|தாத்ரா மற்றும் நகர் அவேலி, மற்றும் தமண் மற்றும் தீவ்]] | region3description= பரந்து விரிந்த தார் பாலைவனம்; இராசத்தானின் வண்ணமயமான அரண்மனைகள், கோட்டைகள் மற்றும் நகரங்கள்; நாட்டின் மிகவும் துடிப்பான மற்றும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமான [[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]]; மகாராட்டிரத்தில் உள்ள அஜந்தா மற்றும் எல்லோரா குகைகளின் பிரமிக்க வைக்கும் பாறைச் சிற்பங்கள்; தூய்மையான காடுகள்; [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவாவின்]] அற்புதமான கடற்கரைகள்; [[Wy/ta/குசராத்து|குசராத்தின்]] கிர் காடுகளில் உள்ள ஆசியச் சிங்கங்கள்; மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/அகமதாபாது|அகமதாபாது]], [[Wy/ta/சூரத்து|சூரத்து]], [[Wy/ta/செய்ப்பூர்|செய்ப்பூர்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/புனே|புனே]] போன்ற வேகமாக வளர்ந்து வரும் நகரங்கள் ஆகியவற்றை இது கொண்டுள்ளது. | region4name=[[Wy/ta/மத்திய இந்தியா|மத்திய இந்தியா]] | region4color=#8a84a3 | region4items=[[Wy/ta/சத்தீசுகர்|சத்தீசுகர்]], [[Wy/ta/மத்தியப் பிரதேசம்|மத்தியப் பிரதேசம்]] | region4description=அற்புதமான மற்றும் துடிப்பான நிலப்பரப்பைக் கொண்ட இப்பகுதி, அலை அலையான மலைகள், கண்கவர் அருவிகள் மற்றும் செழிப்பான வனவிலங்குகள் முதல் பாரம்பரியக் கட்டிடக்கலை, பழங்குடியினரின் பண்பாட்டுப் பாரம்பரியம் மற்றும் நவீன எஃகுத் தொழில் வரை அனைத்தையும் தன்னகத்தே கொண்டுள்ளது. இது விந்திய மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சத்புரா மலைத்தொடர்கள்|சத்புரா மலைத்தொடர்கள்]], [[Wy/ta/ஜெகதல்பூர்|சித்திரகூட அருவி]], வரலாற்றுக்கு முந்தைய காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த [[Wy/ta/பீம்பேட்கா பாறை வாழிடங்கள்|பீம்பேட்கா பாறை வாழிடங்கள்]], [[Wy/ta/கசுராகோ நினைவுச்சின்னங்களின் தொகுதி|கசுராகோவின் கலைநயமிக்க சிற்பங்கள்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/பிலாய்-துர்க் தொழிற்பகுதி|பிலாய்-துர்க் தொழிற்பகுதி]] ஆகியவற்றின் தாயகமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. | region5name=[[Wy/ta/கிழக்கு இந்தியா|கிழக்கு இந்தியா]] | region5color=#4da9c4 | region5items=[[Wy/ta/சார்க்கண்டு|சார்க்கண்டு]], [[Wy/ta/ஒடிசா|ஒடிசா]], [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]], [[Wy/ta/மேற்கு வங்காளம்|மேற்கு வங்காளம்]] | region5description=பொருளாதார ரீதியாகக் குறைவாக வளர்ச்சியடைந்திருந்தாலும், கலாச்சார ரீதியாகச் செழுமையானதும், வெளியிலிருந்து வருவோரை மிகவும் அன்புடன் வரவேற்கும் தன்மையுடையதுமான பகுதியாகும் இது. பிரித்தானிய இந்தியாவின் தலைநகராக ஒருகாலத்தில் திகழ்ந்த [[Wy/ta/கொல்கத்தா|கொல்கத்தா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/பூரி|பூரி]], [[Wy/ta/புவனேஸ்வர்|புவனேஸ்வர்]], [[Wy/ta/கோனார்க்கு|கோனார்க்கு]] ஆகிய கோயில் நகரங்கள் இப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளன. மலைப்பகுதிகள் முதல் கடற்கரை வரை இப்பகுதி பரவியிருப்பதால், இங்குள்ள காலநிலையில் சுவாரஸ்யமான வேறுபாடுகள் காணப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், நாட்டின் மிகப்பெரிய மற்றும் வளமான சுரங்கங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ள இப்பகுதி, இந்தியாவின் கனிம வளக் களஞ்சியமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. | region6name=[[Wy/ta/வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா|வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா]] | region6color=#d56d76 | region6items=[[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/அசாம்|அசாம்]], [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூர்]], [[Wy/ta/மேகாலயா|மேகாலயா]], [[Wy/ta/மிசோரம்|மிசோரம்]], [[Wy/ta/நாகாலாந்து|நாகாலாந்து]], [[Wy/ta/திரிபுரா|திரிபுரா]] | region6description=செழிப்பான மற்றும் அழகான நிலப்பரப்புகள், இந்தோ-மலேயப் பகுதியைச் சார்ந்த தனித்துவமான தாவர மற்றும் விலங்கினங்கள், மற்றும் புகழ்பெற்ற தேயிலைத் தோட்டங்கள் ஆகியவற்றைக் கொண்ட இப்பகுதி, நாட்டின் பழங்குடியினர் வசிக்கும் ஒரு தனித்துவமான மற்றும் பெரும்பாலும் மனிதத் தலையீடற்ற பகுதியாகும். இது "ஏழு சகோதரிகள்" என்று பரவலாக அறியப்படும் ஏழு மாநிலங்களை உள்ளடக்கியது. உலகின் மிகப் பழமையான போலோ மைதானம், உலகின் ஒரே மிதக்கும் தேசியப் பூங்கா, பெண்களால் மட்டுமே நடத்தப்படும் உலகின் ஒரே சந்தை மற்றும் உலகின் மிக உயரமான ''செடிக் கத்தரிப்புக்கலை'' தாவரம் ஆகியவற்றை [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூரில்]] காணலாம். மேகாலயா மாநிலம் அதன் வசீகரிக்கும் சூழல் காரணமாக ''இந்தியாவின் ஸ்காட்லாந்து'' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. | region7name=[[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்தியா]] | region7color=#b383b3 | region7items=[[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்|ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/கருநாடகம்|கருநாடகம்]], [[Wy/ta/கேரளம்|கேரளம்]], [[Wy/ta/இலட்சத்தீவுகள்|இலட்சத்தீவுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/புதுச்சேரி (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)|புதுச்சேரி]], [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]], [[Wy/ta/தெலங்காணா|தெலங்காணா]] | region7description=இப்பகுதியில் புகழ்பெற்ற மற்றும் வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க கோயில்கள், வெப்பமண்டலக் காடுகள், உப்பங்கழிகள், கடற்கரைகள், மலைவாசஸ்தலங்கள், [[Wy/ta/பெங்களூரு|பெங்களூரு]], [[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/ஐதராபாது (இந்தியா)|ஐதராபாது]] ஆகிய மூன்று முக்கிய நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற சிறிய நகரங்கள் ஆகியவை அமைந்துள்ளன. [[Wy/ta/மைசூரு|மைசூரு]] நகரம், குறிப்பாக மைசூர் அரண்மனை போன்ற அரண்மனைகளுக்கு உலகப் புகழ்பெற்றது. வசதிக்காக இப்பகுதியுடன் இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ள அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள் (கிழக்கே) மற்றும் லட்சத்தீவுகள் (மேற்கே) ஆகிய தீவுக்கூட்டங்கள், பிரதான நிலப்பகுதியிலிருந்து வெகு தொலைவில் அமைந்து தனித்துவமான சிறப்பியல்புகளைக் கொண்டுள்ளன; இவை அழகான கடற்கரைகளுக்கும், வழக்கமான சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களிலிருந்து மாறுபட்ட அனுபவத்தை விரும்புவோருக்கான இடமாகவும் அறியப்படுகின்றன. }} ==நகரங்கள்== <!--நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற இடங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் அதிகபட்சம் 9 இடங்களுக்கு மட்டுமே வரையறுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. முன்மொழியப்பட்ட மாற்றங்கள் குறித்து முதலில் இந்தப் பக்கத்தின் கலந்துரையாடல் பக்கத்தில் விவாதிக்கவும்.--> இவை இந்தியாவின் மிக முக்கியமான நகரங்களில் சிலவாகும். பிற நகரங்களை அவற்றின் குறிப்பிட்ட மண்டலங்களின் கீழ் காணலாம். [[File:Mumbai 03-2016 40 Bombay High Court.jpg|thumb|[[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]] பல பழைய பண்பாட்டு மதிப்பீடுகளைக் கொண்டுள்ள புதுக் கூர்மாடப் பாணி அதிசயங்களின் இருப்பிடமாகத் திகழ்கிறது.]] * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]]|wikidata=Q1353}} — இந்தியாவின் தலைநகரம் மற்றும் வட இந்தியாவின் இதயம் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/பெங்களூரு|பெங்களூரு]]|wikidata=Q1355}} (''பேங்களூர்'') — அழகான பூங்கா நகரம்; ஒரு காலத்தில் ஓய்வூதியம் பெறுவோர் அமைதியாக வாழ்ந்த இடமாக இருந்தது, இப்போது உயர் தொழில்நுட்ப நிறுவனங்கள் மற்றும் பல மதுக்கூடங்கள் நிறைந்த தகவல் தொழில்நுட்ப மையமாக மாறியுள்ளது. * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]]|wikidata=Q1352}} (''மெட்ராஸ்'') — தென் இந்தியாவின் முக்கிய துறைமுகம், கலாச்சார மையம் மற்றும் இந்தியாவின் வாகனத் தொழில்துறைத் தலைநகரம் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/ஐதராபாது (இந்தியா)|ஐதராபாது]]|wikidata=Q1361}} — முத்து மற்றும் வைர வர்த்தகம் மற்றும் பாரம்பரிய இந்திய அரிசி உணவான 'பிரியாணி'க்கு பெயர் பெற்றது; தற்போது முக்கிய உற்பத்தி மற்றும் நிதி நிறுவனங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/செய்ப்பூர்|செய்ப்பூர்]]|wikidata=Q66485}} — ''இளஞ்சிவப்பு நகரம்''; இடைக்கால வட இந்தியாவின் இந்து ராஜபுத்திர கலாச்சாரத்தின் முக்கிய அடையாளமாகத் திகழ்கிறது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/கொல்கத்தா|கொல்கத்தா]]|wikidata=Q1348}} (''கல்கத்தா'') — இந்தியாவின் கலாச்சாரத் தலைநகரம்; 'மகிழ்ச்சியின் நகரம்' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது மற்றும் பல காலனித்துவ கால கட்டிடங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]]|wikidata=Q1156}} (''பம்பாய்'') — இந்தியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய நகரம் மற்றும் நிதித் தலைநகரம்; ''எப்போதும் உறங்காத நகரம்'' மற்றும் இந்தித் திரைப்படத் துறையான ''பாலிவுட்''-இன் தாயகம் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/சிம்லா|சிம்லா]]|wikidata=Q83786}} — இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசத்தின் தலைநகரம்; கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 2 கி.மீ-க்கும் அதிகமான உயரத்தில் இமயமலையில் அமைந்துள்ளது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/வாரணாசி|வாரணாசி]]|wikidata=Q79980}} (''பனாரசு'') — இந்துக்களின் மிகப்புனிதமான நகரமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது; கங்கை நதிக்கரையில் அமைந்துள்ளது மற்றும் உலகின் மிகப்பழமையான, தொடர்ந்து மக்கள் வசித்து வரும் நகரங்களில் ஒன்றாகும் == பிற சேருமிடங்கள் == <!--நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற இடங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் 9 உருப்படிகளுக்குள் மட்டுமே இருக்க வேண்டும். முன்மொழியப்பட்ட மாற்றங்களை முதலில் இந்தப் பக்கத்தின் கலந்துரையாடல் பக்கத்தில் விவாதிக்கவும்.--> இந்தியாவில் பல சிறப்பான அடையாளங்களும், ஈடு இணையற்ற அழகு வாய்ந்த இடங்களும் உள்ளன. அவற்றில் குறிப்பிடத்தக்க சில இங்கே: *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/போத் கயா|போத் கயா]]|wikidata=Q176767}} — மகாபோதி கோயில் உள்ளிட்ட முக்கிய கோயில் வளாகம்; சாக்கியமுனி புத்தர் ஞானம் பெற்ற இடம் இதுவாகும். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/எல்லோரா|எல்லோரா]]|wikidata=Q189616}} மற்றும் *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/அசந்தா|அசந்தா]]|wikidata=Q184427}} — பாறையைக் குடைந்து அமைக்கப்பட்ட அற்புதமான குகை மடாலயங்கள் மற்றும் கோயில்கள்; பௌத்தர்கள், சமணர்கள் மற்றும் இந்துக்களுக்கான புனிதத் தலங்கள். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[அமிர்தசரசு#பொற்கோயில்|பொற்கோயில்]]|wikidata=Q180422}} — [[Wy/ta/அமிர்தசரசு|அமிர்தசரசு]] நகரில் உள்ள சீக்கியர்களின் புனிதத் தலம். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/அம்பி (கருநாடகா)|அம்பி]]|wikidata=Q26732}} — விஜயநகரப் பேரரசின் பிரமிக்க வைக்கும் இடிபாடுகள். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/கசுராகோ|கசுராகோ]]|wikidata=Q178948}} — காமக் கலைச் சிற்பங்களுக்குப் புகழ்பெற்ற கோயில் வளாகங்கள். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/கொனார்க்கு|கொனார்க்கு]]|wikidata=Q749189}} — சூரியக் கோயில்; கலிங்கக் கட்டிடக்கலைக்கு ஒரு தனித்துவமான எடுத்துக்காட்டு மற்றும் {{Wy/ta/UNESCO World Heritage Site}}. *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/மதுரை#மீனாட்சி அம்மன் கோயில்|மீனாட்சி கோயில்]]|wikidata=Q1424358}} — [[Wy/ta/மதுரை|மதுரையில்]] உள்ள ஒரு அற்புதமான இந்து கோயில். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/ஆக்ரா#தாஜ் மகால்|தாஜ் மகால்]]|wikidata=Q9141}} — [[Wy/ta/ஆக்ரா|ஆக்ராவில்]] உள்ள இணையற்ற சலவைக்கல் கல்லறை; நவீன உலகின் ஏழு அதிசயங்களில் ஒன்று. *'''பிருந்தாவனம்''' <!--நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற இடங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் 9 உருப்படிகளுக்குள் மட்டுமே இருக்க வேண்டும். முன்மொழியப்பட்ட மாற்றங்களை முதலில் இந்தப் பக்கத்தின் கலந்துரையாடல் பக்கத்தில் விவாதிக்கவும்.--> == புரிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள்== இந்தியா, நல்ல விதத்திலும் கெட்ட விதத்திலும், மனதைக் கவரும் ஒரு நாடு. பகட்டான ஆடம்பரம் முதல் கொடிய துயரம் வரை, நெரிசல் மிகுந்த நகரங்கள் முதல் அமைதியான கிராமப்புறங்கள் வரை, அடர்ந்த காடுகள் மற்றும் பவளப்பாறைகள் முதல் பாழடைந்த பாலைவனங்கள் மற்றும் உயர்ந்த மலைகள் வரை, இந்தியாவில் உண்மையிலேயே அனைத்தும் உள்ளன. இது மக்கள், பண்பாடு, மொழி மற்றும் உணவுக்கும் பொருந்தும்; இவை சிறிய மற்றும் பெரிய வழிகளில் பெருமளவில் வேறுபடலாம். ஒரு மிக எளிய உதாரணம் சொல்ல வேண்டுமென்றால், மும்பையில் ஒரு வாடகை சிற்றுந்து ஓட்டுநர் ஒரு வார்த்தை கூட பேசாமல் தனது மீட்டர் கொடியை இறக்கி, சரியான சில்லறையைத் திருப்பிக் கொடுப்பார். ஆனால் தில்லியில், ஓட்டுநரிடம் மீட்டரைப் பயன்படுத்தச் சொல்லி, சில்லறை கிடைக்குமா என்று எதிர்பார்க்க வேண்டும். மற்ற சில பகுதிகளில், ஓட்டுநர்களிடம் மீட்டர்களே இருப்பதில்லை; அவர்கள் குறுகிய தூரங்களுக்குக் கூட கட்டணங்களை நிர்ணயித்து விடுகிறார்கள். அவர்கள் கேட்கும் தொகையை மட்டும் செலுத்தினால் போதும். ஒரு நேர்மையான ஓட்டுநர் கிடைத்தால், பயணி தன்னை பாக்கியவான் என்று கருதிக்கொள்ளலாம். இந்தியா பெரும்பாலான அம்சங்களில் தீவிரமான வேறுபாடுகளைக் காட்டுகிறது, மேலும் சிறந்ததைக் கண்டறிய ஒருவருக்கு பொறுமையும் வாய்ப்பும் தேவை. இந்தியாவின் எந்தவொரு அம்சத்தைப் பற்றியும் நமக்கு எல்லாம் தெரியும் என்று ஒருபோதும் கருத வேண்டாம்; ஒவ்வொரு நாளும் முற்றிலும் புதிய அம்சங்களை காணத் தயாராக இருக்க வேண்டும். இந்திய நாகரிகம் வரலாறு முழுவதும் பெரும் செல்வாக்கு செலுத்தி வந்துள்ளது; தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவின் பல பண்பாடுகள் வலுவான இந்தியத் தாக்கங்களை வெளிப்படுத்துகின்றன. பௌத்த மதத்தின் பரவல் வாயிலாக, சில இந்தியத் தாக்கங்கள் கிழக்கு ஆசியக் கலாச்சாரங்களிலும் ஊடுருவியுள்ளன. ===வரலாறு=== மனிதர்கள் முதன்முதலில் இந்தியத் துணைக்கண்டத்திற்கு சுமார் கி.மு. 70,000-ஆம் ஆண்டில் குடியேறியதாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது; மேலும், இந்தியாவின் கற்காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த சில தொல்லியல் தளங்களும் இங்கு அமைந்துள்ளன. இவற்றுள் ஒரு முக்கியமான தளம் பாக்கித்தானில் உள்ள மெகர்கர் ஆகும். இங்குதான், இத்துணைக்கண்டத்திலேயே மிகவும் பழமையானதாக அறியப்படும் வேளாண்மைக்கான சான்றுகள் — சுமார் கி.மு. 7000-ஆம் ஆண்டைச் சேர்ந்தவை என கண்டறியப்பட்டுள்ளன. சிந்து சமவெளி நாகரிகம் (கி.மு. 3300–1300) உலகின் முதல் வெண்கலக் கால நாகரிகங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். மேலும், அந்நாகரிகம் தன் காலத்திற்கு மிகவும் மேம்பட்டதாகத் திகழ்ந்தது. அதன் உச்சக்கட்டத்தில் (கி.மு. 2600–1900), இது தற்போதைய பாகித்தானின் பெரும்பகுதியையும், வட இந்தியாவின் சில பகுதிகளையும், கிழக்கு ஆப்கானித்தானின் சில பகுதிகளையும் உள்ளடக்கியிருந்தது. பாக்கித்தானில் அமைந்துள்ள மொகஞ்சதாரோ மற்றும் அரப்பா ஆகியவையே இந்நாகரிகத்தின் மிகப்பெரிய இரண்டு தொல்லியல் தளங்களாகும். கி.மு. 2000- ஆண்டுக்குப் பிறகு ஒரு காலகட்டத்தில், வடமேற்கில் எங்கோ ஓர் இடத்திலிருந்து வந்த கால்நடை மேய்ப்பர்களான ஆரியர்கள் இப்பகுதிக்குக் குடிபெயர்ந்தனர். ஏறக்குறைய அதே நேரத்தில், தொடர்புடைய குழுக்கள் கிரீசு (மினோயர்களை இடம்பெயரச் செய்த எலனிக்கு கிரேக்கர்கள்), அனடோலியா அல்லது துருக்கி (இட்டைட்டுகள்), பாரசீகம் மற்றும் பிற பகுதிகள் மீது படையெடுத்தன. இந்தப் பழங்குடியினர் அனைவரும் தொடர்புடைய மொழிகளைப் பேசியதாகவும், வட இந்தியா, ஐரோப்பா மற்றும் மத்திய ஆசியாவில் பேசப்படும் பெரும்பாலான மொழிகள் உட்பட பல நவீன மொழிகள் அவர்களிடமிருந்து தோன்றியவை என்றும் நம்பப்படுகிறது. மொழியியலாளர்கள் இவை அனைத்தையும் இந்தோ-ஐரோப்பிய மொழிக்குடும்பத்தில் வகைப்படுத்துகின்றனர். வேத காலம் ஏறத்தாழ கி.மு. 1500 முதல் 500 வரையிலான காலகட்டத்தைச் சேர்ந்ததாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. இந்து சமயத்தின் மிகப் பழமையான மற்றும் புனிதமான நூல்களான வேதங்கள் தொகுக்கப்பட்ட காலம் இதுவே ஆகும். இவை, இந்தோ-ஆரிய மொழியான வேத சமசுகிருதத்தில் இயற்றப்பட்டிருந்தன. இக்காலத்தைப் பற்றிய விவரங்களும் தொல்லியல் சான்றுகளும் மிகக் குறைவாகவே கிடைத்திருப்பினும், இந்து சமயத்தின் பல சடங்குகள் இக்காலத்தில்தான் வடிவம் பெற்றன. [[File:Varanasikedarghat.JPG|thumb|240px|வாரணாசியில் கங்கை நதியில் நீராடும் இந்துப் பயணிகள்]] வேத நாகரிகமானது, தார்மீக சமயங்களின் வாயிலாக இன்றும் இந்தியாவைத் தொடர்ந்து பாதித்து வருகிறது. தற்கால இந்து சமயம் தனது வேர்களை வேதங்களில் கொண்டிருந்தாலும், உபநிடதங்கள் மற்றும் புராணங்கள் முதல் இராமாயணம், மகாபாரதம் ஆகிய பெருங்காப்பியங்கள் வரையிலான, வேதங்களுக்குப் பிந்தைய இலக்கியங்களாலும் பெரிதும் தாக்கம் பெற்றுள்ளது. மரபுசார்ந்து பார்க்கையில், இவ் இலக்கியங்கள் அனைத்தும் வேதங்களில் ஏற்கனவே பொதிந்துள்ள அறிவையே விரிவுபடுத்திச் செறிவூட்டுவனவாகவே கருதப்படுகின்றன. மகாபாரதத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியான 'பகவத் கீதை', மிகவும் பரவலாக வாசிக்கப்படும் நூல்களில் ஒன்றாகும். இந்து மதத்தின் நான்கு வேதங்களின் சுருக்கமான சாரமாகவே கீதை கருதப்படுகிறது. கிருட்டிணரின் உடலுக்குள் புகுந்த 'காலன்' 18 அத்தியாயங்களில் அமைந்த 700 செய்யுள்கள் வாயிலாக கீதையின் ஞானத்தை எடுத்துரைத்ததாகக் கூறப்படுகிறது. குருசேத்திரத்தில் நடைபெறவிருந்த ஒரு மாபெரும் போருக்குச் சற்று முன்னதாக, அந்தப் போரின் நாயகனான அர்ச்சுனனுக்கும் — அவனுக்குத் தேரோட்டியாகப் பணியாற்றிய — கடவுள் கிருட்டிணருக்கும் இடையே நிகழ்ந்த உரையாடலாகவே இந்நூல் அமைந்துள்ளது. இன்றைய காலகட்டத்தில், குருசேத்திரம் ஒரு புனித யாத்திரை மற்றும் சுற்றுலாத் தலமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. பொ.மு. முதல் ஆயிரமாண்டில், பல்வேறு தத்துவச் சிந்தனைப் பள்ளிகள் தோன்றி, இந்து சமயத்தை வெகுவாகச் செழுமைப்படுத்தின. அவற்றில் பெரும்பாலானவை வேதங்களிலிருந்தே தோன்றியதாகக் கூறின. இருப்பினும், இப்பள்ளிகளுள் சில—அவற்றில் பௌத்தமும் சமணமும் அடங்கும்—வேதங்களின் அதிகாரத்தையே கேள்விக்குள்ளாக்கின; தற்போது அவை தனித்தனிச் சமயங்களாக அங்கீகரிக்கப்படுகின்றன. கி.மு. 500 மற்றும் கி.பி. 590-ஆம் ஆண்டுகளுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட காலத்தில் பல மாபெரும் பேரரசுகள் தோன்றின. அவற்றுள் குறிப்பிடத்தக்கவை மௌரியர்களும் குப்தர்களும் ஆவர். இவ்விரு பேரரசுகளின் தலைநகரமும், தற்போது பாட்னா என்று அழைக்கப்படும் பாடலிபுத்திரம் நகரமாகவே விளங்கியது. குப்தப் பேரரசு (கி.பி. 3-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு முதல் கி.பி. 590 வரை) பெரும்பாலும் இந்தியாவின் 'பொற்காலம்' என்று போற்றப்படுகிறது. இதற்கு மேலும் மேற்கே, காந்தார நாகரிகம் (முதலில் ஒரு சுதந்திர அரசாகவும், பின்னர் மௌரியப் பேரரசின் ஒரு பகுதியாகவும் விளங்கியது) — தற்போது பாக்கித்தான் மற்றும் ஆப்கானித்தான் என அழைக்கப்படும் நிலப்பரப்பின் பெரும்பகுதியை ஆட்சி செய்தது. இவர்களின் நகரமான தட்சசீலம், பௌத்தம் மற்றும் பிற துறைகள் சார்ந்த கல்விக்கு ஒரு சிறந்த மையமாகத் திகழ்ந்தது. காலப்போக்கில், பௌத்தமும் சமணமும் படிப்படியாகச் சரிவைச் சந்தித்தன. குறிப்பாக, பௌத்த சமய நடைமுறைகள் இந்தியாவின் மையப்பகுதியிலிருந்து மறைந்தே போயின. இருப்பினும், புத்தர் இந்து சமயத் தெய்வங்களின் வரிசையில் ஒருவராக இணைத்துக்கொள்ளப்பட்டார். சமண சமயமானது, தங்களை இந்துக்களாகக் கருதிக்கொள்வதா அல்லது வேண்டாமா என்பது குறித்துத் தெளிவற்ற நிலையில் உள்ள, கணிசமான எண்ணிக்கையிலான ஒரு சிறுபான்மைச் சமூகத்தினரால் இன்றும் தொடர்ந்து பின்பற்றப்பட்டு வருகிறது. இந்து சமயமும் கூடப் பெரும் மாற்றங்களுக்கு உள்ளானது. இந்திரன், அக்னி போன்ற வேதகாலத் தெய்வங்களின் முக்கியத்துவம் குறைந்த அதே வேளையில், விசுணு, சிவன் மற்றும் அவர்களின் பல்வேறு அவதாரங்கள், குடும்ப உறுப்பினர்கள் போன்ற புராணகாலத் தெய்வங்கள் முதன்மை பெற்றன. [[File:Jama Masjid, Delhi, morning view.jpg|thumb|சாமா பள்ளிவாசல் தில்லி]] 8 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் இசுலாமியப் படையெடுப்புகள் தொடங்கின. படிப்படியாக, படையெடுப்பாளர்கள் ஆட்சியாளர்களாக நிலைபெறத் தொடங்கினர், விரைவில் வட இந்தியாவின் பெரும்பகுதி முசுலிம்களால் ஆளப்பட்டது. மிக முக்கியமான முசுலிம் ஆட்சியாளர்கள் முகலாயப் பேரரசு ஆவர். இப்பேரரசு அதன் உச்சக்கட்டத்தில் (தெற்கு மற்றும் வடகிழக்கு முனைகளைத் தவிர) கிட்டத்தட்ட முழு துணைக்கண்டத்தையும் உள்ளடக்கியிருந்தது. அதே நேரத்தில், வடக்கில் தப்பிப்பிழைத்த முக்கிய இந்துப் படை இராசபுத்திரர்கள் ஆவர். தங்கள் நிலத்தின் மீதான படையெடுப்பை எதிர்த்து நின்ற இராசபுத்திரர்களின் வீரம் புகழ்பெற்றது; அது இராசத்தானின் கோட்டைகள் முழுவதும் உள்ள நாட்டுப்புறப் பாடல்களில் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. இராசபுத்திரர்களில் முக்கியமானவர் சித்தோர்கரின் ஆட்சியாளரான மகா ராணா பிரதாப் ஆவார். இவர் முகலாயர்களின் மூன்றாமவரான அக்பருடன் போரிட்டு, பல ஆண்டுகள் நாடுகடத்தப்பட்ட நிலையில் கழித்தார். இருப்பினும், இறுதியில் இராசபுத்திரர்கள் அடக்கப்பட்டனர். சில முகலாயப் படைகளில் அதிக எண்ணிக்கையிலான இராசபுத்திர அதிகாரிகள் இருந்தனர், ஆனாலும் சகாங்கீர், சாச்சகான் மற்றும் அவுரங்கசீப் ஆகியோரின் ஆட்சிக்காலத்தில் சில இராசபுத்திரக் கிளர்ச்சிகள் நிகழ்ந்தன. வட இந்தியாவின் இந்தக் காலகட்டமே இராசத்தானின் நினைவுச்சின்னங்களையும் தாச்மகாலையும் உருவாக்கியது. இந்தி மற்றும் உருது மொழிகளும் இடைக்கால வட இந்தியாவில் வேரூன்றின. இசுலாமிய காலத்தில், இந்துக்கள் இசுலாமிற்கு மதம் மாறினர்; பெரும்பாலும் கட்டாயமாகவோ அல்லது சிசியா வரியைத் தவிர்ப்பதற்காகவோ மதம் மாறினர் என முசுலிம் வரலாற்றாசிரியர்கள் கூறுகின்றனர். இன்று, இந்தியாவின் மக்கள் தொகையில் சுமார் 15% பேர் இசுலாத்தைப் பின்பற்றுகிறார்கள். மற்றொரு முக்கிய மதமான சீக்கிய மதம், முகலாயர் காலத்தில் பஞ்சாப் பகுதியில் தோற்றுவிக்கப்பட்டது. சீக்கிய மதத்திற்கும் முகலாயர்களுக்கும் இடையிலான உறவுகள் காலப்போக்கில் மாறுபட்டன. அமிர்தசரசில் அமைந்துள்ள பொற்கோயில் கட்டப்பட்டதுடன், சீக்கிய மதத்தின் முதன்மையான புனித யாத்திரை மையமாக உலகம் முழுவதும் அங்கீகாரமும் பெற்றது. இருப்பினும், பத்தாவது குருவான குரு கோவிந்த் சிங்கின் காலக்கட்டத்தில், முகலாயர்களிலேயே மிகவும் சகிப்புத்தன்மையற்றவரும், கொடுமையானவரும், மதவெறி பிடித்தவருமான ஔரங்கசீப்பின் பகைமையே முதன்மைக் காரணமாக, இரு தரப்பினருக்கும் இடையிலான உறவுகள் பகையுணர்வு கொண்டவையாக மாறின. சீக்கியர்களுக்கும் முகலாயர்களுக்கும் இடையிலான மோதலே, முகலாயப் பேரரசின் வீழ்ச்சிக்கு வழிவகுத்த காரணங்களில் ஒன்றாக அமைந்தது. மற்றொரு காரணம், மகாராட்டிரப் பகுதியில் மராட்டியப் பேரரசின் எழுச்சியாகும்; இது சிவாச்சியால் தொடங்கப்பட்டு, பின்னர் பேசுவாக்களால் முன்னெடுத்துச் செல்லப்பட்டது. மராட்டியர்கள், முகலாயப் பேரரசின் பரப்பளவிற்கு ஏறக்குறைய இணையான ஒரு குறுகிய காலக் கூட்டமைப்பை நிறுவினர். மூன்றாம் பானிபட் போருக்குப் பிறகு, மராட்டியர்கள் இந்தியாவின் மீதான தங்கள் ஆதிக்கத்தை இழந்தனர்; இதுவே பிற்காலத்தில் பிரிட்டிசு காலனித்துவ ஆட்சி அமைவதற்கு வழிவகுத்தது. மராட்டியர் காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பன்னிரண்டு இராணுவக் கோட்டைகள்—குறிப்பாக மகாராட்ராவின் மேற்குப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளவை—யுனெசுகோவால் 'இந்தியாவின் மராட்டிய இராணுவ நிலப்பரப்புகள்' எனும் உலகப் பாரம்பரியச் சின்னமாக அறிவிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. [[File:ShoreTemple Approach2.JPG|thumb|கடற்கரைக் கோயில், மாமல்லபுரம்]] [[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்தியா]] ஒரு மாறுபட்ட பாதையைப் பின்பற்றியது; ஏனெனில், இசுலாமிய ஆட்சியின் தாக்கம் இப்பகுதியில் குறைவாகவே இருந்தது. கி.பி. 500 முதல் 1600 வரையிலான காலகட்டம் 'செவ்வியல் காலம்' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது; இக்காலகட்டத்தில் தென்னிந்தியாவின் மாபெரும் பேரரசுகளே ஆதிக்கம் செலுத்தி வந்தன. இவற்றுள் மிக முக்கியமான பேரரசுகளாக, இன்றைய கர்நாடகப் பகுதியிலிருந்து ஆட்சி செய்த சாளுக்கியர்கள், இராட்டிரகூடர்கள் மற்றும் விசயநகரப் பேரரசினர் ஆகியோரும்; இன்றைய தமிழ்நாடு மற்றும் கேரளப் பகுதிகளிலிருந்து ஆட்சி செய்த பல்லவர்கள், சேரர்கள், பாண்டியர்கள் மற்றும் சோழர்கள் ஆகியோரும் திகழ்ந்தனர். இவற்றுள், தஞ்சாவூர் மற்றும் கங்கைகொண்ட சோழபுரம் உள்ளிட்ட பல்வேறு தலைநகரங்களிலிருந்து ஆட்சி செய்த சோழர்களே, தென்னிந்தியப் பேரரசுகளிலேயே மிகவும் வலிமை வாய்ந்தவர்களாகப் பரவலாக அங்கீகரிக்கப்படுகின்றனர். இவர்களது ஆட்சியின் உச்சக்கட்டத்தில், இவர்களது பேரரசின் எல்லை வடக்கே பாடலிபுத்திரம் வரையிலும் விரிந்திருந்ததுடன், இவர்களது செல்வாக்கு கிழக்கே சுமத்ரா, மேற்கு போர்னியோ மற்றும் தெற்கு வியட்நாம் வரையிலும் பரவியிருந்தது. இந்தியாவில் இன்றும் நிலைத்திருக்கும் மிகச் சிறப்பான இந்து மற்றும் சமணச் சின்னங்கள் சில, இக்காலகட்டத்தில்தான் தென்னிந்தியா மற்றும் கிழக்கு இந்தியாவில் கட்டப்பட்டன. காலனித்துவக் காலம் வரை, வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா நாட்டின் பிற பகுதிகளிலிருந்து ஓரளவுக்குத் தனித்தே இருந்தது. வடகிழக்குப் பகுதியை ஆண்ட மிகப்பெரிய மற்றும் நீண்ட காலப் பேரரசு, மணிப்பூரைச் சேர்ந்த நிங்தௌச்சா வம்சமாகும் (கி.பி. 33–1891); இவர்களுக்கு அடுத்தபடியாக அகோம் வம்சத்தினர் இப்பகுதியை ஆண்டனர். இவர்கள் 13-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு முதல் 19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு வரை, முகலாயர்களின் ஆதிக்க விரிவாக்கத்திலிருந்து அசாம் மற்றும் அதன் அண்டை மண்டலங்களை வெற்றிகரமாகப் பாதுகாத்து வந்தனர். [[File:Victoria Memorial Hall, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|கொல்கத்தாவில் அமைந்துள்ள விக்டோரியா நினைவிடம், விக்டோரியா மகாராணியின் நினைவாக அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டமான பளிங்குக் கட்டிடமாகும். கொல்கத்தாவின் வரலாறு, கிழக்கிந்திய நிறுவனத்துடனும் பிரிட்டிசு ஆட்சியுடனும் தொடர்புடையதாகும். அக்காலத்தில் 'கல்கத்தா' என்று அழைக்கப்பட்ட இந்நகரமே பிரிட்டிசு ஆட்சியின் தலைநகராகத் திகழ்ந்தது.]] 16 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியில் ஐரோப்பிய வர்த்தகர்கள் இந்தியாவிற்கு வரத் தொடங்கினர். இவர்களில் ஆங்கிலேயர்கள், டச்சுக்காரர்கள், பிரெஞ்சுக்காரர்கள் மற்றும் போர்த்துகீசியர்கள் முக்கியமானவர்கள். பிரிட்டிசு கிழக்கிந்திய நிறுவனம் 1772 ஆம் ஆண்டில் கல்கத்தாவைத் தங்கள் தலைமையிடமாக ஆக்கியது. அவர்கள் பம்பாய் மற்றும் மெட்ராசு போன்ற துணை நகரங்களையும் நிறுவினர். கல்கத்தா பின்னர் 'இலண்டனுக்குப் பிறகு பேரரசின் இரண்டாவது நகரம்' ஆனது. 19 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு வாக்கில், ஆங்கிலேயர்கள் ஏதோ ஒரு வகையில் இந்தியாவின் கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்துப் பகுதிகளின் அரசியல் கட்டுப்பாட்டையும் கைப்பற்றினர். இருப்பினும் போர்த்துகீசியர்கள், டச்சுக்காரர்கள் மற்றும் பிரெஞ்சுக்காரர்களுக்கும் கடற்கரையோரம் தங்களுடைய பகுதிகள் இருந்தன. ஆங்கிலேயர்கள் இந்தியத் தொழிலாளர்கள், காவலர்கள் மற்றும் வீரர்களைப் பேரரசு முழுவதும் அனுப்பினர். இதன் விளைவாக இந்தியப் புலம்பெயர் சமூகங்கள் நிறுவப்பட்டன. மியான்மார், மலேசியா, சிங்கப்பூர், ஆங்காங், பிச்சி, தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா, மொரிசியசு, கென்யா, கயானா, டிரினிடாட் மற்றும் டொபாகோ மற்றும் ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம் ஆகியவை இவற்றில் மிகவும் குறிப்பிடத்தக்கவையாகும். 1857-ஆம் ஆண்டில் இந்திய ஆட்சியாளர்களால் ஒரு கிளர்ச்சி ஏற்பட்டது. அது அடக்கப்பட்டாலும், கம்பெனியிடமிருந்து ஆட்சியைப் பெற்று இந்தியாவைத் தனது பேரரசின் ஒரு பகுதியாக ஆக்குவதற்கு பிரிட்டிசு அரசாங்கத்தைத் தூண்டியது. 1858 முதல் 1947 வரையிலான இந்த முடியாட்சிக் காலம், பிரிட்டிசு இராச்சியம் என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டது. இது சில இந்தியர்கள் கிறித்தவ மதத்திற்கு மாறிய ஒரு காலகட்டமாகும். இருப்பினும், 1859-ஆம் ஆண்டுக்குப் பிறகு பிரிட்டிசு இந்தியாவில் கட்டாய மதமாற்றங்கள் முடிவுக்கு வந்தன. மேலும், இந்தியர்களின் மத நம்பிக்கைகளை மதிப்பதாக விக்டோரியா மகாராணியின் பிரகடனம் உறுதியளித்தது. மோகன்தாசு கரம்சந்த் காந்தி (மகாத்மா காந்தி) தலைமையிலான பிரிட்டிசு காலனித்துவத்திற்கு எதிரான அகிம்சை எதிர்ப்பு, மற்ற வழிமுறைகளுடன் இணைந்து, 1947 ஆகத்து மாதம் 15 அன்று சுதந்திரத்திற்கு வழிவகுத்தது. இருப்பினும், மதச்சார்பற்ற இந்துக்கள் பெரும்பான்மையாக உள்ள இந்திய அரசுக்கும், சிறிய முசுலிம்கள் பெரும்பான்மையாக உள்ள பாக்கித்தான் அரசுக்கும் ஒரே நேரத்தில் சுதந்திரம் வழங்கப்பட்டது. மேலும், பிரிவினையைத் தொடர்ந்து நடந்த இந்து-முசுலிம் இரத்தக் களரி, குறைந்தது அரை மில்லியன் மக்களின் இறப்புக்கும், 12 முதல் 14 மில்லியன் மக்கள் இடம்பெயர்வதற்கும் வழிவகுத்தது. 1970-ஆம் ஆண்டுகளில் இந்தியா உணவு தானியங்களில் தன்னிறைவு அடைந்தது. இதனால், அதுவரை சாதாரணமாக இருந்த பெரும் பஞ்சங்கள் இப்போது வரலாறாகிவிட்டன. இருப்பினும், இந்தக் கொள்கைகள் பற்றாக்குறை, மெதுவான வளர்ச்சி மற்றும் பெரும் ஊழலுக்கும் வழிவகுத்தன. 1991-ஆம் ஆண்டில் ஏற்பட்ட செலுத்து இருப்பு நெருக்கடிக்குப் பிறகு, நாடு தாராள சந்தை சீர்திருத்தங்களை மேற்கொண்டது. அவை அப்போதிருந்து சீரான வேகத்தில் தொடர்ந்து, வலுவான வளர்ச்சிக்கு உந்துதலாக இருந்து வருகின்றன. தகவல் தொழில்நுட்பம், வணிகச் செயல்முறை வெளிப்பணியமர்த்தல் மற்றும் பிற தொழில்கள் இந்த வளர்ச்சிக்கு உந்துசக்தியாக இருந்துள்ளன. அதே சமயம், சீர்திருத்தங்களை எதிர்கொள்ளாத உற்பத்தித் துறையும் விவசாயத் துறையும் பின்தங்கியுள்ளன. சுமார் 60% இந்தியர்கள் விவசாயத்தை நம்பி வாழ்கின்றனர், மேலும் சுமார் 36% பேர் வறுமையில் உள்ளனர். பாக்கித்தானுடனான உறவுகள் சுமுகமாக இல்லை. இரு நாடுகளும் நான்கு போர்களில் ஈடுபட்டுள்ளன, அவற்றில் மூன்று காசுமீரின் நிலை குறித்தவை. 1971-ஆம் ஆண்டில் இரு நாடுகளுக்கும் இடையே நடந்த மூன்றாவது போரின் விளைவாக, கிழக்கு பாக்கித்தான் வங்காளதேசமாக உருவானது. இந்தியா அவ்வப்போது பயங்கரவாதத் தாக்குதல்களைத் தொடர்ந்து சந்தித்து வருகிறது, அவற்றில் பல பாக்கித்தானில் இருந்து தொடங்குவதாகவும், அதன் இராணுவ-உளவுத்துறை அமைப்பால் உத்தரவிடப்படுவதாகவும் அல்லது உதவி செய்யப்படுவதாகவும் பரவலாக நம்பப்படுகிறது. இமயமலை எல்லைப் பிரச்சினை காரணமாக 1962-ஆம் ஆண்டில் சீனாவும் இந்தியாவும் போரிட்டன. தற்போதைய உறவுகள் பெரும்பாலும் அமைதியானவையாக இருந்தாலும், பதற்றம் நிறைந்தவையாக உள்ளன. இரு நாடுகளுக்கும் இடையே தரைவழிப் போக்குவரத்து அனுமதிக்கப்படவில்லை, இருப்பினும் சிக்கிமுக்கும் திபெத்துக்கும் இடையிலான ஓர் எல்லைக் கடக்கும் பாதை 2006-ஆம் ஆண்டில் வர்த்தகத்திற்காக மீண்டும் திறக்கப்பட்டது. பாக்கித்தான் மற்றும் சீனா மீதான பாதுகாப்பு குறித்த கவலைகள், இந்தியாவை இரண்டு முறை அணு ஆயுதங்களைச் சோதிக்கத் தூண்டின (1974-ஆம் ஆண்டில் "அமைதியான வெடிப்புகள்" என்று விவரிக்கப்பட்ட சோதனைகள் உட்பட). இந்தியா ஒரு முறையான அணுசக்தி நாடாக ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட விரும்புகிறது மற்றும் ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் பாதுகாப்பு சபையில் நிரந்தர இடத்திற்காகப் பிரச்சாரம் செய்து வருகிறது. இந்தியா தனது மக்களாட்சிப் பதிவைக் குறித்துப் பெருமை கொள்கிறது. ஒரு சுதந்திர நாடாகத் திகழ்ந்த காலத்தின் பெரும்பகுதி முழுவதும், அரசியலமைப்பு சார்ந்த ஆட்சியும் சனநாயகச் சுதந்திரங்களும் பாதுகாக்கப்பட்டு வந்துள்ளன. இந்தியாவில் தற்போது நிலவும் கவலைகளில் ஊழல், வறுமை, மக்கள் தொகைப் பெருக்கம், மாசுபாடு மற்றும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் சீரழிவின் பல்வேறு வடிவங்கள், பாக்கித்தான் மற்றும் சீனாவுடனான தொடர்ச்சியான எல்லைப் பிரச்சினைகள், எல்லை தாண்டிய பயங்கரவாதம், மற்றும் அவ்வப்போது நிகழும் இன, அரசியல், மத மோதல்கள் ஆகியவை அடங்கும். குறைந்தபட்சம் படித்த மேட்டுக்குடியினரிடையே, பொருளாதார வளர்ச்சியில் சீனாவை முந்தி, ஒரு பொருளாதார மற்றும் இராணுவ வல்லரசாக இந்தியா திகழ முடியுமா என்பதே இந்தியாவின் தற்போதைய பெரும் கவலையாக உள்ளது. இன்று, பல இந்தியர்கள் தங்கள் நாட்டை பன்னாட்டு அரசியலில் ஒட்டுமொத்த உலகத் தெற்கின் குரலாகவும் தலைவராகவும் கருதுகின்றனர். ===புவியியல்=== [[File:Loktak Lake Boat people Moirang Manipur India.jpg|thumb|உலகத்தின் ஒரே மிதக்கும் ஏரியான உலோக்தக்கு ஏரி]] இந்தியா 3,287,263 சதுர கிலோமீட்டர் (1,269,219 சதுர மைல்) பரப்பளவைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. இதன் மூலம் இந்தியா உலகின் ஏழாவது மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகவும், ஆசியாவின் மூன்றாவது மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகவும் (உருசியாவையும் கணக்கில் கொண்டால்), மற்றும் தெற்காசியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. இந்தியா அமெரிக்காவை விட மூன்று மடங்கு சிறியதாகவும், ஆத்திரேலியாவின் பரப்பளவில் பாதியாகவும், ஆசியாவின் மிகச்சிறிய நாடான மாலத்தீவை விட ஏறக்குறைய 11,000 மடங்கு பெரியதாகவும் உள்ளது. மலைகள், காடுகள், பாலைவனங்கள் மற்றும் கடற்கரைகள் என—இந்தியா அனைத்தையும் தன்னகத்தே கொண்டுள்ளது. இதன் வடக்கு மற்றும் வடகிழக்கு எல்லைகள், உலகின் மிக உயரமான மலைத்தொடரான ​​பனிபடர்ந்த இமயமலையால் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளன. அந்நியப் படையெடுப்பாளர்களிடமிருந்து நாட்டைக் காப்பதுடன், இந்தியாவின் நாகரிகம் செழித்தோங்கிய சமவெளிகளுக்கு உயிரூட்டும் வற்றாத நதிகளான கங்கை, யமுனை மற்றும் சிந்து ஆகியவற்றுக்கும் இம்மலைகள் நீராதாரமாகத் திகழ்கின்றன. சிந்து நதியின் பெரும்பகுதி தற்போது பாக்கித்தானில் அமைந்திருந்தாலும், அதன் மூன்று துணை நதிகள் பஞ்சாப் மாநிலத்தின் வழியாகப் பாய்கின்றன. கங்கை நதிக்கு இரண்டு கிளை நதிகள் உள்ளன. அவற்றுள் பாகீரதி-ஊக்ளி எனும் கிளை நதி இந்தியாவின் நிலப்பரப்பின் வழியே பாய்ந்து, மேற்கு வங்க மாநிலத்தின் உயிர்நாடியாகத் திகழ்கிறது. இவ்விரு கிளை நதிகளும் இறுதியில் வங்காள விரிகுடாவில் சங்கமித்து, உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய ஆற்று முகத்துவாரப் பகுதியையும், மிகப்பெரிய சதுப்புநிலக் காடுகளையும் உருவாக்குகின்றன. மற்றொரு இமயமலை நதியான பிரம்மபுத்திரா, வடகிழக்குப் பகுதி வழியாகவும் — பெரும்பாலும் அசாம் மாநிலத்தின் ஊடாகவும் — பாய்கிறது. அங்கு இது பல்வேறு பெயர்களால் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மணிப்பூரில் உற்பத்தியாகும் மணிப்பூர் நதி, மியான்மரின் சிண்ட்வின்-இராவதி நதி அமைப்போடு இணைகிறது. பஞ்சாபிற்குத் தெற்கே ஆரவல்லி மலைத்தொடர் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது இராசத்தானை இரண்டாகப் பிரிக்கிறது. இராசத்தானின் மேற்குப் பகுதி தார் பாலைவனத்தால் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது. விந்திய மலைத்தொடர் மத்திய இந்தியாவைக்—குறிப்பாக மத்தியப் பிரதேசத்தை—ஊடறுத்துச் செல்கிறது; இது தக்காணப் பீடபூமியின் தொடக்கத்தைக் குறிக்கிறது. இப்பீடபூமியானது, தமிழ்நாட்டின் பெரும்பகுதியையும் கேரளாவையும் தவிர்த்து, தென் தீபகற்பத்தின் ஏறக்குறைய முழுப் பகுதியையும் உள்ளடக்கியுள்ளது. தக்காணப் பீடபூமியானது, மேற்கில் மேற்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலையாலும் (மகாராட்டிராவில் 'சகயாத்ரி' என அழைக்கப்படுகிறது), கிழக்கில் கிழக்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலையாலும் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது. இப்பகுதிக்குப் நீர் வழங்கும் நர்மதை, கோதாவரி மற்றும் காவேரி போன்ற ஆறுகள் கோடைக்காலத்தில் வற்றிவிடுவதால், சமவெளிப் பகுதிகளைக் காட்டிலும் இப்பீடபூமி மிகவும் வறண்ட நிலையில் காணப்படுகிறது. தக்காணப் பீடபூமியின் வடகிழக்கு திசையில், சத்தீசுகர், சார்க்கண்ட், மகாராட்டிராவின் கிழக்கு விளிம்பு மற்றும் ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசத்தின் வடமுனை ஆகிய மாநிலங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய, ஒரு காலத்தில் அடர்ந்த காடுகளாகத் திகழ்ந்த ஒரு பகுதி அமைந்துள்ளது. இப்பகுதி இன்றும் காடுகளால் சூழப்பட்டதாகவும், வறுமையால் வாடுவதாகவும், பழங்குடியின மக்கள் வசிக்கும் இடமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. தென்னிந்தியாவின் மீதான படையெடுப்புகளுக்குத் தடையாக இக்காடு விளங்கியது. உலகின் ஒரே மிதக்கும் ஏரி, மணிப்பூரின் மையப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள கிண்ணம் போன்ற சமவெளியில் உள்ள உலோக்தக்கு ஏரியாகும். இது தனது தனித்துவமான, வட்ட வடிவ மிதக்கும் உயிரித்திரள்களுக்காக குறிப்பிடத்தக்க வகையில் அறியப்படுகிறது. இந்தியா நீண்ட கடற்கரையைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. இதன் மேற்கு கடற்கரை அரபிக்கடலையும், கிழக்கு கடற்கரை வங்காள விரிகுடாவையும் ஒட்டி அமைந்துள்ளன; இவை இரண்டும் இந்தியப் பெருங்கடலின் பகுதிகளாகும். ===காலநிலை=== [[File:A beach side resort at Kadmat Island, Lakshadweep.jpg|thumb|இலட்சத் தீவுகள்]] [[File:Jammu and Kashmir 3.JPG|thumb|குல்மார்க்கு, சம்மு மற்றும் காசுமீர்]] இந்தியாவில், வருடத்தின் ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட காலத்தில் மட்டுமே மழை பெய்கிறது. அந்தப் பருவமும், அதை ஏற்படுத்தும் நிகழ்வும் பருவமழை காலம் என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. தென்மேற்கு மற்றும் வடகிழக்கு என இரண்டு பருவமழைகள் உள்ளன; இவை இரண்டும் காற்று வீசும் திசைகளின் பெயரால் அழைக்கப்படுகின்றன. தென்மேற்குப் பருவமழையே மிகவும் முக்கியமானது, ஏனெனில் இது நாட்டின் பெரும்பாலான பகுதிகளில் மழையைப் பொழிவிக்கிறது. மேலும் பயிர்கள் எவ்வாறு விளையும் என்பதைத் தீர்மானிக்கும் முக்கிய காரணியாகவும் இது விளங்குகிறது. சூன் முதல் செப்டம்பர் வரை இம்மழை நீடிக்கும். தென்மேற்குப் பருவமழை மேற்குக் கடற்கரையை அதிகமாகத் தாக்குகிறது. ஏனெனில் மேற்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலைகளைக் கடந்து இந்தியாவின் மற்ற பகுதிகளை அடைவது காற்றுக்கு ஒரு கடினமான பணியாகும். எனவே, உள்நாட்டுப் பகுதிகளை விட மேற்குக் கடற்கரை மிகவும் பசுமையாக இருக்கிறது. வடகிழக்குப் பருவமழை அக்டோபர் முதல் பிப்ரவரி வரை கிழக்குக் கடற்கரையைத் தாக்குகிறது. இது பெரும்பாலும் அவ்வப்போது ஏற்படும் புயல்களின் வடிவத்தில் ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் பெரும் அழிவை ஏற்படுத்துகிறது. இரண்டு பருவமழைகளின் மழையையும் பெறும் ஒரே பகுதி வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா ஆகும். இதன் விளைவாக இப்பகுதி உலகில் அதிக மழைப்பொழிவைப் பெறுகிறது. இந்தியாவில் ஒரு வருடத்தில் கோடை, மழைக்காலம் (அல்லது பருவமழை) மற்றும் குளிர் காலம் என குறைந்தது மூன்று பருவங்கள் உள்ளன. இருப்பினும், வெப்பமண்டல தென்பகுதியில் 25°செல்சியசு (77°பாரங்கீட்டு) வெப்பநிலையை 'குளிர்காலம்' என்று அழைப்பது பொருத்தமற்றதாகிவிடும். வட இந்தியாவில் கோடையில் கடுமையான வெப்பமும், குளிர்காலத்தில் கடும் குளிரும் நிலவுகிறது. ஆனால், இமயமலைப் பகுதிகளைத் தவிர, பனிப்பொழிவு என்பது கேள்விப்படாத ஒன்றாகும். நவம்பர் முதல் சனவரி வரை குளிர்காலமாகவும், ஏப்ரல் மற்றும் மே மாதங்கள் வெப்பமான மாதங்களாகவும் உள்ளன. இந்த மாதங்களில் அனைவரும் மழையை ஆவலுடன் எதிர்பார்க்கின்றனர். குறிப்பாக வட இந்தியாவில், பிப்ரவரி மற்றும் மார்ச்சு மாதங்களில் ஒரு குறுகிய கால வசந்த காலமும் நிலவுகிறது. இந்தியாவின் ஏதேனும் ஒரு பகுதியில் இலையுதிர் காலம் நிலவுகிறதா என்பது குறித்துக் கருத்துக்கள் மாறுபட்டுள்ளன. ஆயினும் ஓராண்டை ஆறு பருவங்களாகப் பிரித்திருந்த பண்டைய மக்கள், அத்தகைய ஒரு பருவத்தை நிச்சயமாகவே அடையாளம் கண்டிருந்தனர். === அளவீட்டு அலகுகள் === இந்தியா ஏறக்குறைய முழுமையாக மெட்ரிக் முறைக்கு மாறிவிட்டது. இருப்பினும், பிரித்தானிய ஏகாதிபத்திய அளவீட்டு முறையின் சில எச்சங்கள் இன்னும் பயன்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. உதாரணமாக: * ஆடைகளின் அளவுகள் அங்குலம் மற்றும் சென்டிமீட்டர் ஆகிய இரண்டிலும் குறிப்பிடப்படுகின்றன. * கேக்குகளின் எடை இன்னும் பவுண்டுகளில் அளவிடப்படுகிறது; அதே சமயம் மற்ற பொருட்களின் எடை கிலோகிராம் மற்றும் கிராம்களில் அளவிடப்படுகிறது. * நிலத்தின் பரப்பளவு இன்னும் ஏக்கர் கணக்கில் அளவிடப்படுகிறது. * வீட்டுச் சொத்துக்கள் இன்னும் சதுர அடி கணக்கில் விளம்பரப்படுத்தப் படுகின்றன. * திரையின் அளவுகள் இன்னும் அங்குலங்களில் குறிப்பிடப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், 100,000 மற்றும் 10,000,000-க்கு முறையே 'லட்சம்' மற்றும் 'கோடி' என்ற சொற்கள் பயன்படுத்தப்படுவதையும் கவனிக்கவும். இது பெரும்பாலும் பணத்தைப் பற்றியதாகும். அவற்றின் பயன்பாடு இலக்கங்களின் குழுவாக்கத்தையும் பாதிக்கிறது. ===நேர மண்டலம்=== இந்தியத் திட்ட நேரம், ஒருங்கிணைந்த உலக நேரத்தைவிட 5 மணி 30 நிமிடங்கள் முன்னிலையில் உள்ளது. இந்தியாவில் பகலொளி சேமிப்பு நேரம் கடைப்பிடிக்கப்படுவதில்லை. ===அரசியல்=== [[File:Back view of Rashtrapati Bhavan.jpg|thumb|குடியரசுத் தலைவர் மாளிகை, புது தில்லி]] [http://tourism.gov.in/ சுற்றுலா] இந்தியா, பிரித்தானிய வெசுட்மின்சுட்டர் முறையை மாதிரியாகக் கொண்ட ஒரு நாடாளுமன்றக் குடியரசு மற்றும் சனநாயகம் ஆகும். மறைமுகமாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்படும் குடியரசுத் தலைவர் நாட்டின் தலைவர் ஆவார். ஆனால் இந்தப் பதவி முற்றிலும் சம்பிரதாயமானது அல்ல என்றாலும், வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட அதிகாரங்களையே கொண்டுள்ளது. பிரதமர், அமைச்சரவையுடன் அரசாங்கத்தை நடத்துகிறார். மேலும் நடைமுறையில் அரசாங்கத்தில் அதிக அதிகாரத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளார். நாடாளுமன்றம் ஈரவை கொண்டது. கீழ்சபையான மக்களவை (மக்களவை), வயது வந்தோர் அனைவருக்கும் வாக்குரிமை மூலம் நேரடியாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்படுகிறது. அதேசமயம் மேற்சபையான மாநிலங்களவை (மாநிலங்களவை) மறைமுகமாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்படுகிறது. இவ்விரண்டில் மக்களவையே அதிக அதிகாரம் வாய்ந்தது. ஏனெனில் அரசாங்கத்தை அமைக்கவும் வரவு செலவுத் திட்டங்களை நிறைவேற்றவும் மக்களவையில் பெரும்பான்மை தேவைப்படுகிறது. மேலும் மரபுப்படி பிரதமர் எப்போதும் மக்களவை உறுப்பினராகவே இருப்பார். இந்தியாவும் மாநிலங்கள் மற்றும் ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசங்களாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு கூட்டாட்சி அமைப்பாகும். இவற்றில் ஒவ்வொன்றும் தனக்கென ஒரு சட்டமன்றத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளது; இவற்றுக்கான அரசாங்கம் ஒரு முதலமைச்சர் மற்றும் அமைச்சரவையின் தலைமையில் செயல்படுகிறது. ஒரு மாநிலத்திற்கும் ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசத்திற்கும் இடையிலான வேறுபாடு, மத்திய அரசாங்கத்தால் அந்தந்த சட்டமன்றத்திற்கு எவ்வளவு அதிகாரம் வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது என்பதைச் சார்ந்திருக்கிறது. ஒவ்வொரு மாநிலமோ அல்லது ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசமோ பல மாவட்டங்களாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது; அந்தந்த மாநிலம் அல்லது ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசத்தைப் பொறுத்து, இம்மாவட்டங்கள் மேலும் பல சிறிய பிரிவுகளாகப் பிரிக்கப்படுகின்றன. இந்தியாவில் இரண்டு வகையான உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்புகள் உள்ளன: நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பேரூர்களுக்கான 'நகர்ப்புற உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்புகள்' மற்றும் எஞ்சியிருக்கும் கிராமப்புறங்களுக்கான 'பஞ்சாயத்து இராச்சியம் (இதன் நேரடிப் பொருள்: "ஐந்து அதிகாரிகளின் ஆட்சி"). நகர்ப்புற உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்புகளுள் நகராட்சிகள், மாநகராட்சிகள், இராணுவக் குடியிருப்புப் பகுதிகள் , நகரப் பஞ்சாயத்துகள், அறிவிக்கப்பட்ட பகுதி மன்றங்கள் ஆகியவை அடங்கும். அதேவேளையில், பஞ்சாயத்து இராச்சிய அமைப்பானது மூன்று நிலைகளாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது: தனித்தனி கிராமங்களுக்கான 'கிராமப் பஞ்சாயத்துகள்', கிராமங்களின் தொகுப்புகளுக்கான 'வட்டார வளர்ச்சி மன்றங்கள்', மற்றும் மாவட்டங்களுக்கான 'மாவட்டக் குழுக்கள் என்பனவாகும். இந்தியாவில் ஏராளமான அரசியல் கட்சிகள் உள்ளன. தற்போதைய ஆளும் கட்சியான இந்து தேசியவாத பாரதிய ஜனதா கட்சி, அரசாங்கத்தில் அங்கம் வகிக்கும் தேசிய ஜனநாயகக் கூட்டணியின் அங்கம் வகிக்கும் பிற அரசியல் கட்சிகள், மற்றும் மைய-இடதுசாரி இந்திய தேசிய காங்கிரசு ஆகியவை பிரதான எதிர்க்கட்சிகளாகும். இந்த இந்திய தேசிய காங்கிரசு, இந்திய தேசிய வளர்ச்சி உள்ளடக்கிய கூட்டணி (இந்தியா) எனப்படும் பல அரசியல் கட்சிகளைக் கொண்ட ஒரு பெரிய எதிர்க்கட்சிக் கூட்டணியின் ஒரு பகுதியாகும். இந்தியாவில் வலிமையான மற்றும் சுதந்திரமான நீதித்துறையும், சுதந்திரமான பத்திரிகைத் துறையும் உள்ளன. எந்தவொரு சனநாயக நாட்டிலும் நடப்பதைப் போலவே, தெரு ஆர்ப்பாட்டங்கள், போராட்டங்கள் மற்றும் கிளர்ச்சிகள் நடைபெறுகின்றன. அவ்வப்போது குறைந்த அளவிலான அரசியல் வன்முறைகளும் நிகழ்கின்றன; அவற்றில் ஒரு பார்வையாளர் பிடிபடுவதற்கான வாய்ப்பு மிக மிகக் குறைவு. === பண்பாடு === {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பண்பாட்டு அதிர்ச்சி|மகாராஜாக்களையும் பிரம்மாண்டமான அரண்மனைகளையும் எதிர்பார்த்து வரும் பல சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள், வறுமையைக் காணும்போது அதிர்ச்சிக்குள்ளாகிறார்கள். பின்வருவனவற்றிற்குத் தயாராக இருங்கள்: * '''கவன ஈர்ப்பு''' – சிலர் வெளிநாட்டுச் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைத் தயக்கமின்றி உற்று நோக்குவார்கள்; மேலும், இடைத்தரகர்கள் மற்றும் பிச்சைக்காரர்கள் இவர்களை எளிதில் சூழ்ந்துகொள்வார்கள். மக்கள் தங்கள் அலைபேசிகளை உங்கள் முகத்திற்கு மிக அருகில் கொண்டு வந்து புகைப்படம் எடுக்கலாம். அப்போது உங்கள் முகத்தைத் திருப்பிக்கொள்ளுங்கள். பிச்சைக்காரர்கள், குறிப்பாக ஊட்டச்சத்துக் குறைபாடுள்ள குழந்தைகள் மற்றும் கடுமையான உடல் ஊனமுற்றவர்கள், மனதை மிகவும் பாதிக்கும் வகையில் இருக்கலாம். * '''கூட்டம்''' – இந்தியாவின் பல தெருக்கள், சந்தைகள் மற்றும் வணிகப் பகுதிகள் மக்கள், வாகனங்கள் மற்றும் சில சமயங்களில் விலங்குகளால் நிரம்பி வழிகின்றன. மேலும் தெருக்கள் குறுகலாகவும் இருக்கின்றன. பேருந்துகள் அல்லது ரயில்களில் மிகக் குறைந்த கட்டண வகுப்பில் பயணம் செய்தால், அங்கேயும் கூட்டம் அதிகமாக இருக்கும், இது மிகுந்த சோர்வை ஏற்படுத்தலாம். * '''நாய்கள்''' – இந்தியாவில் எல்லா இடங்களிலும் தெருநாய்களைக் காணலாம். அவை மக்களைப் பற்றிக் கவலைப்படாமல் சாதாரணமாகப் படுத்திருக்கலாம் அல்லது ஆக்ரோஷமாக குரைக்கலாம். சில சமயங்களில் அவை கூட்டமாகத் தெருக்களில் சுற்றித் திரியும். அவை நட்பாகத் தோன்றினாலும், அவற்றிலிருந்து விலகி இருப்பதே சிறந்தது. இந்தியாவில் நாய்களுக்கு நாடு தழுவிய ''வெறிநாய்க்கடி தடுப்பூசித் திட்டங்கள்'' இல்லை, மேலும் அவற்றின் உடல்நல நிலை என்னவென்று உங்களுக்குத் தெரியாது. * '''அசுத்தம்''' – நகரங்களில் அழுக்கு, குப்பைகள் மற்றும் பூச்சிகள் நிறைந்து காணப்படுகின்றன. சாலையோரங்கள் சில சமயங்களில் சிறுநீர் கழிக்கும் இடமாகவோ அல்லது குட்கா துப்பிய கறைகள் நிறைந்த இடமாகவோ இருக்கலாம். சில இடங்களில் தார்ச் சாலைகள் இல்லாததால் சாலைகளில் தூசி அதிகமாக இருக்கும்; எனவே பேருந்தில் பயணம் செய்யும்போது, ​​தேவைப்பட்டால் ஜன்னலை விரைவாக மூடிவிடுவது நல்லது. * '''இரைச்சல்''' – வாகன ஓட்டிகள் தொடர்ந்து ஒலிப்பான் பயன் படுத்துகிறார்கள்; ரேடியோ மற்றும் தொலைக்காட்சிகளில் பாலிவுட் பாடல்கள் சத்தமாக ஒலிக்கின்றன; மேலும் கோயில்கள், மசூதிகள் மற்றும் தேவாலயங்கள் கூட தங்கள் செய்திகளைப் பரப்ப ஒலிபெருக்கிகளைப் பயன்படுத்துகின்றன. வாகனம் ஓட்டும்போது ஒலிப்பான் பயன்படுத்துவது மற்ற ஓட்டுநர்கள் அல்லது பாதசாரிகளின் கவனத்தை ஈர்ப்பதற்காகவே செய்யப்படுகிறது — மக்கள் பெரும்பாலும் வலது அல்லது இடதுபுறம் பார்க்காமலேயே சாலைக்கு வந்துவிடுவார்கள். ஆபத்து ஏதேனும் இருந்தால் யாராவது ஒலிப்பான் பயன்படுத்துவார்கள் என்று அவர்கள் எதிர்பார்க்கிறார்கள். * '''மாசுபாடு''' – வட இந்திய நகரங்கள் (குறிப்பாக தில்லி) இதனால் கடுமையாகப் பாதிக்கப்படுகின்றன. வாகனப் புகையும் தூசியும் கலப்பதால், வறண்ட காலநிலையானது ஆஸ்துமா நோயாளிகளுக்கு ஒரு மோசமான அனுபவமாக அமையலாம். நகரமயமாக்கலால் ஏற்படும் இத்தகைய சிக்கல்களுக்குப் பெரும்பாலான பார்வையாளர்கள் விரைவிலேயே பழகிவிடுவதோடு, அதன் நல்ல அம்சங்களையும் காணத் தொடங்குகிறார்கள். இருப்பினும், வருகையின் முதல் சில நாட்களில் நிதானமாகச் செயல்படுங்கள். அத்துடன் இச்சூழலிலிருந்து சற்று விலகி ஓய்வெடுக்கவும் நேரம் ஒதுக்குங்கள்.}} இந்தியாவின் செழுமையான மற்றும் பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்ட பண்பாடுகளில் மதமும், ஆன்மீகக் கருப்பொருள்களும் முக்கிய இடம் வகிக்கின்றன. நாடு முழுவதும் ஒரே பண்பாடு என்று கருதுவது தவறானதாக இருந்தாலும், பல்வேறு பண்பாடுகளை ஒன்றிணைக்கும் பொதுவான அம்சங்கள் நிச்சயமாக உள்ளன. எண்ணற்ற மொழிகள் வாயிலாக இந்தியாவின் பண்பாட்டுப் பாரம்பரியம் வெளிப்படுகிறது. இம்மொழிகளில் மிகச்சிறந்த இலக்கியங்களும் கவிதைகளும் படைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. கருநாடக மற்றும் இந்துஸ்தானி போன்ற பாரம்பரிய இசை வடிவங்களிலும், நவீன ''பாலிவுட்'' இசையிலும் இந்தக் பண்பாடின் வெளிப்பாட்டைக் காண முடிகிறது. மேலும், பாரம்பரிய மற்றும் நாட்டுப்புற நடனங்களின் பரந்த மரபையும் இந்தியா கொண்டுள்ளது. மேற்கத்திய பண்பாட்டுத் தாக்கங்கள் தொடர்ந்து அதிகரித்து வரும் சூழலிலும், நாட்டின் பரபரப்பான நகரங்களில் கலை மற்றும் நாடகக் கலைகள் செழித்தோங்கி வருகின்றன. இந்தியர்கள் தங்கள் குடும்ப அமைப்பிற்கு மிகுந்த முக்கியத்துவம் அளிக்கின்றனர். ஒரு இந்தியக் குடும்பம் பொதுவாக மேற்கத்திய நாடுகள் ''விரிவாக்கப்பட்ட குடும்பம்'' என்று கருதும் அமைப்பைக் கொண்டதாக உள்ளது. இந்தியர்கள் தங்கள் வாழ்நாள் முழுவதும் தந்தையின் வழி வந்த குடும்ப அமைப்பின் ஒரு பகுதியாகவே வாழ்வது வழக்கம். மகன்கள் தங்கள் வாழ்நாள் முழுவதும், மகள்கள் திருமணம் ஆகும் வரையிலும் பெற்றோருடன் வசிக்கின்றனர். இக்குடும்ப அமைப்பில் உள்ள உறவுகள் பரஸ்பரம் ஒருவருக்கொருவர் ஆதரவளிக்கும் தன்மையைக் கொண்டவை. மேற்கத்திய நாடுகளில் வழக்கமாக இருப்பதை விட நீண்ட காலத்திற்குப் பெற்றோர்கள் தங்கள் பிள்ளைகளுக்கு ஆதரவளிக்கலாம். சகோதர சகோதரிகள் ஒருவருக்கொருவர் உதவிக் கொள்ளலாம். மேலும், மகன்கள் தங்கள் பெற்றோரின் முதுமைக் காலத்தில் அவர்களைக் கவனித்துக் கொள்வது எதிர்பார்க்கப்படுகிறது. மேற்கத்திய நாடுகளின் சில பகுதிகளில் இருப்பது போல, பெற்றோருடன் வசிப்பது என்பது இங்கு ஒரு குறையாகவோ அல்லது அவமானமாகவோ கருதப்படுவதில்லை. இயல்பாகவே, இத்தகைய குடும்ப அமைப்புகளில் குறைபாடுகள் இல்லாமல் இல்லை; குறிப்பாக மூன்றாம் தலைமுறை வளரும்போது கருத்து வேறுபாடுகளோ அல்லது குடும்பப் பிரிவினைகளோ ஏற்படக்கூடும். மேலும், கல்வி மற்றும் வேலைவாய்ப்புக்காகப் பிள்ளைகள் தங்கள் பெற்றோர் வீட்டிலிருந்து வெளியேறிச் செல்வதும் இப்போது சாதாரணமாகிவிட்டது. இருப்பினும், இன்றும் விரிவாக்கப்பட்ட குடும்பம் என்பதே இயல்பான மற்றும் விரும்பத்தக்க ஒரு சிறந்த அமைப்பாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது என்று கூறுவது சரியே. மேலும், ஒன்றாக வசிக்காத நிலையிலும் இந்தியர்கள் தங்கள் குடும்பத்தின் கௌரவம், சாதனைகள் மற்றும் தோல்விகள் குறித்து அக்கறை கொண்டவர்களாகவே இருக்கிறார்கள். இந்திய அரசால் அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாகத் தடை செய்யப்பட்டிருக்கும் ''சாதி அமைப்பு முறை'' பலவீனமடைந்த நிலையிலும், இந்தியா இன்றும் சமூகப் படிநிலைகள் கொண்ட ஒரு சமூகமாகவே நீடிக்கிறது. தனிநபர் சுதந்திரத்திற்கு முக்கியத்துவம் அளிக்கும் மேற்கத்திய நாடுகளைக் காட்டிலும், இந்தியாவில் ஒருவரின் பின்னணி மற்றும் சமூக அந்தஸ்து ஆகியவற்றிற்கு மக்கள் அதிக முக்கியத்துவம் அளிக்கின்றனர். காலனித்துவ ஆட்சியின் தாக்கமும் இந்த மனப்பான்மையும் இணையும்போது, ​​சில சுவாரஸ்யமான அதேசமயம் துரதிர்ஷ்டவசமான விளைவுகள் ஏற்படுகின்றன. சருமவண்ணத்தின் அடிப்படையில் சமூகப் படிநிலையில் உயர்வு, தாழ்வு இன்னமும் நாட்டின் பல பகுதிகளிலும் தொடர்கின்றன. இந்தியர்கள் வெளிநாட்டினரிடம் மட்டுமல்லாமல், தங்களுக்குள்ளேயும் கூட சரும நிறம் மற்றும் இனத்தின் அடிப்படையில் இத்தகைய பாரபட்சமான மனப்பான்மையை வெளிப்படுத்துகிறார்கள். இது குறித்த கூடுதல் தகவல்களுக்கு [[#பாதுகாப்புடன் இருங்கள்]] மற்றும் [[#மதிப்பளியுங்கள்]] ஆகிய பகுதிகளைப் பார்க்கவும். ''சித்தி'' எனப்படும் ஒரு சமூகத்தினரும் உள்ளனர். இவர்கள் அரேபிய அடிமை வர்த்தகத்தின் மூலம் இந்தியாவிற்குக் கொண்டுவரப்பட்ட கிழக்கு ஆப்பிரிக்க அடிமைகளின் வழித்தோன்றல்கள் என்று கருதப்படுகிறார்கள். இவர்கள் பெரும்பாலும் தொலைதூரக் கிராமப்புறங்களில் காணப்படுகிறார்கள். தற்காலத்தில் இவர்கள் ஆப்பிரிக்க மொழிகளுக்குப் பதிலாக இந்திய மொழிகளையே பேசினாலும், ஆப்பிரிக்க நடனம் மற்றும் இசை உள்ளிட்ட பல ஆப்பிரிக்கப் பண்பாட்டு மரபுகளைத் தொடர்ந்து கடைப்பிடித்து வருகின்றனர். இவர்கள் இந்தியக் குடிமக்களாக இருந்தபோதிலும், இவர்களின் இருப்பைப் பற்றிய பொதுமக்களின் விழிப்புணர்வு இன்மையால், இவர்கள் தொடர்ந்து பல பாகுபாடுகளுக்கு ஆளாகின்றனர். மேலும், இவர்கள் பெரும்பாலும் ஆப்பிரிக்காவிலிருந்து வந்த சட்டவிரோதக் குடியேறிகளாகவே தவறாகக் கருதப்படுகிறார்கள். பிரித்தானிய ஆட்சியின் விளைவாக ''ஆங்கிலோ-இந்தியர்'' எனப்படும் கலப்பு இனத்தவர் உருவானார்கள். இந்திய விடுதலைக்குப் பிறகு இவர்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் மேற்கத்திய நாடுகளுக்குக் குடிபெயர்ந்தாலும், இச்சமூகத்தைச் சேர்ந்தவர்கள் இந்தியாவின் முக்கிய நகரங்களில் இன்னும் சில இடங்களில் வசிக்கின்றனர். === மாநிலங்கள் மற்றும் ஒன்றிய பிரதேசங்கள் === இந்திய அரசியலமைப்பின்படி, இந்தியா மாநிலங்களின் ஒன்றியமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. இந்திய ஜனநாயகத்தின் இத்தகைய கூட்டாட்சித் தன்மையானது சமத்துவத்தை ஊக்குவிப்பதோடு, பரந்த நிலப்பரப்பைக் கொண்ட நாட்டின் நிர்வாகத்தையும் எளிதாக்குகிறது. இது தவிர, ஒன்றிய அரசால் நேரடியாக நிர்வகிக்கப்படும் சில பிரதேசங்களும் உள்ளன; அவை "ஒன்றிய பிரதேசங்கள்" என்று அழைக்கப்படுகின்றன. {{Wy/ta/Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=yes}} # [[Wy/ta/ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்|ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/அசாம்|அசாம்]] # [[Wy/ta/பிகார்|பிகார்]] # [[Wy/ta/சத்தீசுகர்|சத்தீசுகர்]] # [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவா]] # [[Wy/ta/குசராத்து|குசராத்து]] # [[Wy/ta/அரியானா|அரியானா]] # [[Wy/ta/இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/சார்க்கண்டு|சார்க்கண்டு]] # [[Wy/ta/கருநாடகம்|கருநாடகம்]] # [[Wy/ta/கேரளம்|கேரளம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மத்தியப் பிரதேசம்|மத்தியப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மகாராட்டிரம்|மகாராட்டிரம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூர்]] # [[Wy/ta/மேகாலயா|மேகாலயா]] # [[Wy/ta/மிசோரம்|மிசோரம்]] # [[Wy/ta/நாகாலாந்து|நாகாலாந்து]] # [[Wy/ta/ஒடிசா|ஒடிசா]] # [[Wy/ta/பஞ்சாப்|பஞ்சாப்]] # [[Wy/ta/இராசத்தான்|இராசத்தான்]] # [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] # [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] # [[Wy/ta/திரிபுரா|திரிபுரா]] # [[Wy/ta/உத்தராகண்டம்|உத்தராகண்டம்]] # [[Wy/ta/உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்|உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மேற்கு வங்காளம்|மேற்கு வங்காளம்]] # [[Wy/ta/தெலங்காணா|தெலங்காணா]] {{Wy/ta/Div col end}} '''ஒன்றிய பிரதேசங்கள்''' என்றழைக்கப்படும் ஒன்றியப் பகுதிகள்: {{Wy/ta/Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=yes}} # [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]] # [[Wy/ta/சண்டிகர்|சண்டிகர்]] # [[Wy/ta/சம்மு காசுமீர் (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)|சம்மு காசுமீர்]] # [[Wy/ta/தாத்ரா மற்றும் நகர் அவேலி, மற்றும் தமண் மற்றும் தீவ்|தாத்ரா மற்றும் நகர் அவேலி, மற்றும் தமண் மற்றும் தீவ்]] # [[Wy/ta/லட்சத்தீவுகள்|லட்சத்தீவுகள்]] # [[Wy/ta/புதுச்சேரி|புதுச்சேரி]] # [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]] # [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கு|இலடாக்கு]] {{Wy/ta/Div col end}} == பேச்சுமொழி == [[File:Trilingual signboard in the Imphal International Airport (Tulihal International Airport) displaying in Meitei, Hindi and English languages.jpg|thumb|மெய்டேய், இந்தி மற்றும் ஆங்கிலத்தில் [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூரில்]] மும்மொழிக் குறியீடு]] ஒன்றிய (கூட்டாட்சி) மட்டத்தில், இந்தியாவின் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ மொழிகள் '''[[Wy/ta/இந்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|இந்தி]]''' மற்றும் '''[[Wy/ta/ஆங்கில மொழிவகைகள்|ஆங்கிலம்]].''' பெரும்பாலான இந்தியர்கள் பன்மொழி பேசுபவர்கள். ஓரளவிற்கு அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாக இருக்கும் பிற மொழிகள் (பெரும்பாலும் மாநில அளவில்) [[Wy/ta/அசாமிய சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''அசாமிய மொழி''']], [[Wy/ta/வங்காள சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''வங்காள மொழி''']], [[Wy/ta/போடோ சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''போடோ''']], [[Wy/ta/டோக்ரி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''டோக்ரி''']], [[Wy/ta/குசராத்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''குசராத்தி''']], [[Wy/ta/கன்னட சொற்றொடர்நூல் |'''கன்னடம்''']], [[Wy/ta/காசுமீரி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''காசுமீரி''']], [[Wy/ta/கொங்கணி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''கொங்கணி''']], [[Wy/ta/மைதிலி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''மைதிலி''']], [[Wy/ta/மலையாள சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''மலையாளம்''']], [[Wy/ta/மராத்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''மராத்திய மொழி''']], [[Wy/ta/நேபாளி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''நேபாளி''']], [[Wy/ta/ஒடியா சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''ஒடியா''']], [[Wy/ta/பஞ்சாபி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''பஞ்சாபி''']], [[Wy/ta/சமசுகிருதம் சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''சமசுகிருதம்''']], [[Wy/ta/சிந்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''சிந்தி''']], '''தமிழ்''', '''[[Wy/ta/தெலுங்கு சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''தெலுங்கு''']] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/உருது சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''உருது''']]. இவை தவிர குறைவான முக்கியத்துவம் வாய்ந்த நூற்றுக்கணக்கான மொழிகள் உள்ளன: [[Wy/ta/துளு சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''துளு''']], [[Wy/ta/போஜ்புரி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''போஜ்புரி''']] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''இலடாக்கி''']]. இந்திய மக்கள் தொகையில் 40–50% மக்களால் பேசப்படும் '''இந்தி''' மொழி, வட இந்தியாவின் பொதுத் தொடர்பு மொழியாக விளங்குகிறது. இருப்பினும், இந்தியாவின் மொழிசார் பன்முகத்தன்மை காரணமாக, தேசிய அளவில் இதன் பயன்பாடு சில சமயங்களில் விவாதத்திற்குரியதாக அமைகிறது. [[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்தியா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா|வடகிழக்கு இந்தியாவில்]] இந்தி மொழி பேச்சுவழக்கில் மிகக் குறைவாகவே உள்ளது; எனினும், பள்ளிகளில் இது கட்டாயப் பாடமாக இருப்பதால், பெரும்பாலான மக்களால் இதைப் புரிந்துகொள்ள முடிகிறது. இந்தியாவில் 120-க்கும் மேற்பட்ட இந்தி மொழி வட்டார வழக்குகள் உள்ளன. அவற்றுள் ஒன்று ''அரியான்வி'' ஆகும்; இது அரியானா மற்றும் தில்லிப் பகுதிகளில் பரவலாகப் பேசப்படும் ஒரு வட்டார வழக்காகும். நகர்ப்புறங்களில் '''ஆங்கிலம்''' பேசப்படுகிறது; மேலும் இது உயர்கல்வி மற்றும் வணிகத் துறைகளில் முதன்மையான மொழியாகவும், நாட்டின் பொதுத் தகவல் தொடர்பு மொழியாகவும் விளங்குகிறது. ''இந்திய ஆங்கிலம்'' பொதுவாக பிரித்தானிய ஆங்கிலத்தை அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்டிருப்பினும், அது தனித்துவமான இந்தியப் பாணியையும் கொண்டுள்ளது. இந்த வட்டார வழக்கைப் பற்றி பெரும்பாலும் முன்வைக்கப்படும் விமர்சனம் அதன் "முறையற்ற" இலக்கணப் பயன்பாடு குறித்ததாகும்; இது பிற நாடுகளைச் சேர்ந்த ஆங்கிலம் பேசுபவர்களுக்கு விசித்திரமாகத் தோன்றலாம். இந்திய ஆங்கிலம் பெரும்பாலும் ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட உச்சரிப்புப் பாணியுடன் பேசப்படுகிறது. இந்த உச்சரிப்பு பேசுபவரின் தாய்மொழியைப் பொறுத்து மாறுபடுகிறது. மேலும், இதில் உள்ளூர் மொழிகளிலிருந்து பெறப்பட்ட பல சொற்கள் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன (இவை பிற ஆங்கில வகைகளில் காணப்படுவதில்லை), இதனால் பிற பகுதிகளைச் சேர்ந்த, ஆங்கிலத்தைத் தாய்மொழியாகக் கொண்டிராதவர்கள் இதனைப் புரிந்துகொள்வது சவாலாக அமையலாம். கிராமப்புறங்களில் ஆங்கிலப் புலமை குறைவாகவே இருப்பதால், அங்கு பயணம் செய்யும்போது இந்தி மற்றும்/அல்லது உள்ளூர் மொழியின் அடிப்படைகளைக் கற்றுக்கொள்வது பயனுள்ளதாக இருக்கும். சர்வதேசப் பள்ளிகள் மற்றும் ஆங்கில வழிப் பள்ளிகளின் பரவலான இருப்பு காரணமாக, இளைஞர்களிடையே ஆங்கில அறிவு இருப்பதற்கான வாய்ப்பு அதிகம்; இருப்பினும், எப்போதும் போல, அவர்களது ஆங்கிலப் புலமை முழுமையற்றதாகவோ அல்லது பிழைகள் நிறைந்ததாகவோ இருக்கலாம். இந்திய ஆங்கிலத்தின் சில சிறப்பம்சங்கள்: * மிகவும் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் கேள்வித் துணுக்கு '''"Isn't it"''' ஆகும்; இது ஒரு உண்மையான கேள்வியைக் கேட்கவோ, அல்லது கிண்டல், திகைப்பு போன்ற உணர்வுகளை வெளிப்படுத்தவோ பயன்படுத்தப்படலாம். (எ.கா. ''"He is from Tamil Nadu, isn't it?"'') * பெயர்ச்சொற்கள் பொதுவாகப் பன்மையாக மாற்றப்படுகின்றன (எ.கா. ''furniture'' அல்லது ''stuff'' என்பதற்குப் பதிலாக ''furnitures'' அல்லது ''stuffs'' என்று பயன்படுத்துவது). * வினைச்சொற்கள் மாறுபட்ட வடிவங்களில் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன (எ.கா. ''knew'' அல்லது ''bought'' என்பதற்குப் பதிலாக ''knowed'' அல்லது ''buyed'' என்று பயன்படுத்துவது). * பேச்சுவழக்குச் சொற்கள், வட்டார வழக்குகள் மற்றும் மரபுத்தொடர்கள் பரவலாகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன; இவற்றில் சில, இந்தியர் அல்லாதவர்களால் முரட்டுத்தனமான அல்லது நாகரிகமற்றவையாகக் கருதப்படலாம் (எ.கா. ''What do you want?'' என்பதற்குப் பதிலாக ''What you want?'' என்று கேட்பது). * முன்னிடைச்சொற்கள் மற்றும் சுட்டுச்சொற்கள் பெரும்பாலும் தவிர்க்கப்படுகின்றன அல்லது விசித்திரமான முறையில் இணைக்கப்படுகின்றன (எ.கா., ''"I want a computer"'' என்பதற்குப் பதிலாக ''"I want computer"'' என்று கூறுவது). * சில சொற்கள் மற்றும் சொற்றொடர்கள் வேறு இடங்களில் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் அதே அர்த்தத்தில் பயன்படுத்தப்படுவதில்லை (எ.கா., ''"vote bank"'' - இது ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட அரசியல் கட்சியை ஆதரிக்கும் மக்கள் குழுவைக் குறிக்கிறது). ஆங்கில மொழித் தொலைக்காட்சி நிகழ்ச்சிகளும் திரைப்படங்களும் பரவலாகக் காணப்படுகின்றன. இந்திய மொழிகளிலான சேனல்களை விட ஆங்கிலத் தொலைக்காட்சி சேனல்களே அதிக எண்ணிக்கையில் உள்ளன. நீங்கள் இருக்கும் இடத்தைப் பொறுத்து, சில நிகழ்ச்சிகள் வேறு மொழிகளில் மொழிமாற்றம் செய்யப்பட்டு ஒளிபரப்பப்படலாம். கேபிள் டிவி சேனல்களில் பெரும்பாலும் பல ஒலி மொழிகளில் ஒன்றைத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கும் வசதி உள்ளது. '''சமசுகிருதம்''' பண்டைய இந்திய இலக்கியங்கள் மற்றும் இந்து, பௌத்த மத நூல்கள் பெரும்பாலும் எழுதப்பட்ட மொழி ஆகும். இது மிகப்பழமையான மொழிகளில் ஒன்றாக, அல்லது மிகப்பழமையான மொழியாகவே கருதப்படுகிறது. இன்று சமசுகிருதம் முக்கியமாக வழிபாட்டு மொழியாகவே நிலைத்திருக்கிறது. இதனைத் தாய்மொழியாகக் கொண்டவர்கள் மிகச் சிலரே என்றாலும், இந்தியாவில் பலர் பள்ளியில் ஒரு பாடமாக இதைக் கற்றுள்ளனர் அல்லது இதில் உள்ள பெரும்பாலான சொற்களைப் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்கள். பல நவீன இந்திய மொழிகள் சமசுகிருதத்திலிருந்து தோன்றியவை; சமசுகிருதத்துடன் நேரடித் தொடர்பில்லாத மொழிகள் கூட அதன் வலுவான தாக்கத்திற்கு உட்பட்டுள்ளன. இந்தி உள்ளிட்ட பெரும்பாலான வட இந்திய மொழிகள் சமசுகிருதத்திலிருந்து தோன்றியவை என்றாலும், தென்னிந்தியாவின் முக்கிய மொழிகளான [[Wy/ta/தெலுங்குச் சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''தெலுங்கு''']], தமிழ், [[Wy/ta/கன்னடச் சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''கன்னடம்''']] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மலையாள சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''மலையாளம்''']] ஆகியவை வேறுபட்ட ஒரு மூல மொழியிலிருந்து தோன்றியவை. இவை திராவிட மொழிகள் என்று அழைக்கப்படுகின்றன. ஒரு சுவையான விஷயம் என்னவென்றால், அப்பகுதிகளில் இஸ்லாமிய ஆட்சி குறைவாகவே இருந்ததால், இந்தியை விட தெலுங்கு, கன்னடம் மற்றும் மலையாளம் ஆகிய மொழிகளில் சமசுகிருதத்தின் தாக்கம் அதிகமாகவே காணப்படுகிறது. வடகிழக்கு இந்தியாவில், [[Wy/ta/மணிப்புரி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''மணிப்புரி''']] (அல்லது ''மெய்தெய்'') மொழி சீன-திபெத்திய மொழிக்குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்தது; இது சீனம், பர்மீயம் மற்றும் திபெத்தியம் ஆகிய மொழிகளுடன் தொடர்புடையது என்பதால், பிற இந்திய மொழிகளிலிருந்து தனித்து விளங்குகிறது. இருப்பினும், நீங்கள் செல்லவிருக்கும் இடத்தின் உள்ளூர் மொழியில் முடிந்தவரை சில சொற்களையாவது கற்றுக்கொள்வது நல்லது. மக்கள் தங்கள் மாநிலம் அல்லது பிராந்தியத்தின் பண்பாடு மற்றும் மொழி குறித்துப் பெருமிதம் கொள்கிறார்கள், எனவே வெளியிலிருந்து வருபவர் ஒருவர் அம்மொழியில் உரையாட முயற்சிப்பதை அவர்கள் பெரிதும் மதிப்பார்கள். நகர்ப்புற இளைஞர்களிடையே ஆங்கிலம் மற்றும் உள்ளூர் மொழி ஆகியவற்றை மாறி மாறிப் பயன்படுத்தும் வழக்கம் காணப்பட்டாலும், அந்நியர்களிடம் பேசும்போது படித்தவர்கள் பலரும் தரமான ஆங்கிலத்தையே (பிரித்தானிய ஆங்கிலம்) பயன்படுத்துவார்கள். எசுக்காண்டினாவிய மொழிகளைப் போலவே, பல இந்திய மொழிகளிலும் "தயவுசெய்து" என்ற சொல்லுக்கு இடமில்லை. அதற்குப் பதிலாக, மரியாதை மற்றும் முறைமையின் நிலைகளைக் குறிக்கும் பல வடிவங்களில் வினைச்சொற்கள் உள்ளன. ஆங்கிலத்தில் அத்தகைய வேறுபாடு இல்லாததால், இந்தியர்கள் ஒரு மேற்கத்தியருக்குக் கட்டளையிடுபவர்களாகவும் தோன்றலாம். ''இங்கே வா'' போன்ற சொற்றொடர்களை நீங்கள் கேட்கலாம்; அவை மேற்கத்திய பண்பாடுகளைச் சேர்ந்த ஆங்கிலம் பேசுபவர்களுக்குக் கட்டளையிடுவது போல் ஒலிக்கலாம், ஆனால் இது முரட்டுத்தனமாகக் கருதப்படுவதல்ல. '''சொற்கள் சாராத தகவல் பரிமாற்றமும்''' முக்கியமானது. "ஆம்" மற்றும் "இல்லை" என்பதைக் குறிக்க இந்தியர்கள் தலையை அசைக்கும் விதம் குழப்பத்தை ஏற்படுத்துவதாகப் பலரும் பேசுகின்றனர்; ஆனால், இந்தியர்கள் '''ஆம், சரி மற்றும் இல்லை ஆகியவற்றுக்கு வெவ்வேறு விதமான தலை அசைவுகளைக் கொண்டுள்ளனர்''' என்பதைப் புரிந்துகொள்வதே முக்கியமான விஷயமாகும். * அவர்கள் தங்கள் தலையை '''மேலிருந்து கீழாக''' அசைத்தால், அது '''ஆம்''' அல்லது '''நான் ஒப்புக்கொள்கிறேன்''' என்பதைக் குறிக்கிறது (இது ஒரு வழக்கமான தலையசைப்பு). * அவர்கள் தங்கள் தலையை வலமிருந்து இடமாகவும் மீண்டும் பழைய நிலைக்கு வருமாறும் '''சாய்வாக''' அசைத்தால், அது '''எனக்குப் புரிகிறது''' அல்லது '''நீங்கள் சொன்னதை நான் புரிந்துகொண்டேன்''' என்பதைக் குறிக்கிறது. * அவர்கள் தங்கள் தலையை பக்கவாட்டில் (இடமிருந்து வலமாகவும் வலமிருந்து இடமாகவும்) அசைத்தால், அது '''இல்லை''' என்பதைக் குறிக்கிறது. * வட இந்தியா மற்றும் தென் இந்தியாவில் இந்தச் சைகைகள் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் விதத்தில் வேறுபாடுகள் உள்ளன. வட இந்தியாவில் தலையை முன்னும் பின்னும் அசைப்பது 'ஆம்' என்பதையும், தீவிரமாக இடமும் வலமும் அசைப்பது 'இல்லை' என்பதையும் குறிக்கிறது; ஆனால், தமிழ்நாட்டைப் போன்ற தென் மாநிலங்களில் அந்தப் பக்கவாட்டு அசைவு 'ஆம்' என்று கூடப் புரிந்துகொள்ளப்படலாம். எனவே, தென்னிந்தியாவில் சரியான பொருளைப் புரிந்துகொள்ள, அந்த அசைவுகளுடன் வெளிப்படும் வாய்மொழிச் சைகைகளையும் (உதாரணமாக, 'ஆம்' என்பதற்கு 'ஆங்' அல்லது 'ஆ' என்பது போன்ற ஒலிகள்) கவனிக்க வேண்டும். == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == {{Wy/ta/VisaRestriction |இந்தியாவின் சில மாநிலங்களுக்குச் செல்ல அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் தேவைப்படுகின்றன. [[Wy/ta/ஆப்கானித்தான்|ஆப்கானித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/வங்காளதேசம்|வங்காளதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனா]] ([[Wy/ta/ஆங்காங்|ஆங்காங்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மக்காவு|மக்காவு]] உட்பட) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மியான்மார்|மியான்மார்]] ஆகிய நாடுகளின் குடிமக்கள் அல்லது முன்னாள் குடிமக்கள், உள்துறை அமைச்சகத்திடமிருந்து சிறப்பு அனுமதி பெற்றிருந்தாலன்றி, பொதுவாக இத்தகைய அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகளைப் பெறத் தகுதியற்றவர்கள் ஆவர். * '''கட்டுப்படுத்தப்பட்ட பகுதி அனுமதி (''RAP''):''' [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] ஆகியவற்றின் சில பகுதிகளுக்குள் நுழைய தேவைப்படுகிறது. [[Wy/ta/ஆப்கானித்தான்|ஆப்கானித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]] ஆகிய நாடுகளின் குடிமக்கள் மற்றும் முன்னாள் குடிமக்கள், [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகளின்]] எந்தவொரு பகுதிக்கும் செல்லவும் இந்த அனுமதியைப் பெற வேண்டும். * '''பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட பகுதி அனுமதி (''PAP''):''' [[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/சம்மு காசுமீர் (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)|சம்மு காசுமீர்]], [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கு|இலடாக்கு]], [[Wy/ta/இராசத்தான்|இராசத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/உத்தராகண்டம்|உத்தராகண்டம்]] ஆகியவற்றின் சில பகுதிகளுக்குள் நுழைவதற்கு தேவைப்படுகிறது. * '''உள்-வரிசை அனுமதி (''ILP''):''' நீங்கள் இந்தியக் குடிமகனாக இருந்தால், [[Wy/ta/மிசோரம்|மிசோரம்]], [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூர்]], [[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/நாகாலாந்து|நாகாலாந்து]] ஆகிய மாநிலங்களுக்குள் நுழைய தேவைப்படுகிறது. பெரும்பாலான வெளிநாட்டினர் இந்த அனுமதி இல்லாமலே அங்கு செல்லலாம்; ஆனால், அங்கு சென்றடைந்ததும் உள்ளூர் காவல்துறையினரிடம் தங்களைப் பதிவு செய்துகொள்ள வேண்டும். அதேவேளையில், [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] மாநிலத்திற்குச் செல்லும் அனைவரும், அவர்களின் குடியுரிமை எதுவாக இருந்தாலும், உள்-வரிசை அனுமதியைப் பெற வேண்டியது கட்டாயமாகும். எனினும், வெளிநாட்டினர் பொதுவாக எல்லைப் பகுதியிலேயே இதைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ள முடியும். நீங்கள் இப்பகுதிகளில் ஏதேனும் ஒன்றிற்குச் செல்லத் திட்டமிட்டிருந்தால், இந்திய விசாவுக்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கும்போதே அதற்கான உரிய அனுமதியைக் கோர வேண்டும். அனுமதி வழங்கப்பட்டால், அது உங்கள் விசாவில் சேர்க்கப்படும். எனினும், எளிதாகப் பெறக்கூடிய ''மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம்'' அல்லது ''மின்னணு விசா'' மூலம் இதைச் செய்ய முடியாது. வழக்கமான விசாக்களுக்கு மட்டுமே இது பொருந்தும். |lastedit=permanent }} [[File:Visa Policy Of India.svg|thumb|இந்தியாவின் விசா கொள்கை.]] மஞ்சள் காய்ச்சல் பாதிப்புள்ள நாடுகளைச் சேர்ந்த குடிமக்கள் அல்லது அந்நாடுகளிலிருந்து வரும் பயணிகள், இந்தியாவுக்கு வருகை தரும்போது '''மஞ்சள் காய்ச்சல் தடுப்பூசி அட்டை'''யை வைத்திருக்க வேண்டும்; இல்லையெனில், அவர்கள் 6 நாட்களுக்குத் தனிமைப்படுத்தப்படலாம். இந்தியாவிற்குப் பயணம் செய்யும் அனைத்து வெளிநாட்டுப் பயணிகளும் (''இந்தியக் கடல்கடந்த குடிமகன்'' ஆவணதாரர்கள் உட்பட) வருகைக்கு முன்பாக, கட்டாயமான '''எண்ம மின்னணு-வருகை அட்டையை''' பூர்த்தி செய்ய வேண்டும். இந்திய மின்னணு-வருகை அட்டை என்பது, 1 அக்டோபர் 2025 அன்று அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்ட, பாரம்பரிய காகித இறங்குதளப் படிவத்தின் எண்ம வடிவமாகும். இது, முன்பு விமானங்களிலோ அல்லது குடிவரவு கல்லாக்களிலோ பூர்த்தி செய்யப்பட்ட காகித இறங்குதள அட்டைக்கு மாற்றாக வந்துள்ளது. மின்னணு-வருகை அட்டையை, இந்தியாவிற்கு வருகைக்கு 72 மணி நேரத்திற்குள் இணைநிலையில் பூர்த்தி செய்ய வேண்டும். சமர்ப்பித்த பிறகு, பயணிகள் ஒரு விதுக்குறி உறுதிப்படுத்தலைப் பெறுவார்கள். அதை வருகையின்போது குடிவரவுத் துறையில் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். இந்தப் படிவத்தை இந்த இணைப்பின் மூலம் பூர்த்தி செய்யலாம்: [https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/earrival/ மின்னணு-வருகை] முன்னாள் அல்லது தற்போதைய குடியுரிமை, பிறப்பு அல்லது அண்மைய பயணம் போன்றவற்றின் மூலம் '''[[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தானுடன்]] தொடர்புடைய''' நபர்களுக்குச் சிறப்பு விதிமுறைகள் பொருந்தும்; கீழே உள்ள [[#பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]] பகுதியைப் பார்க்கவும். === விசா === 166 நாடுகளின் குடிமக்களுக்குக் கிடைக்கும் '''மின்னணு விசா''' அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்டதன் மூலம் இந்தியாவின் விசா நடைமுறை எளிமைப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. இதில் குறிப்பிடத்தக்க விதிவிலக்குகள் பின்வருமாறு: '''இந்தியக் கடல்கடந்த குடிமகன்''' (''இககு'') ஆவணத்தை வைத்திருப்பவர்கள் இந்தியாவில் காலவரையறையின்றி தங்க அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறார்கள். மேலும் அவர்கள் இந்தியக் குடிமக்களுக்கு இணையான உரிமைகளைப் பெற்று, சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களில் இந்தியக் குடிமக்களுக்கான கட்டணச் சலுகைகளையும் பெறுகிறார்கள். குடியேற்றச் சோதனைச் சாவடியில் (மின்னணு அல்லது நேரடிச் சோதனை) கடவுச்சீட்டுடன் அசல் இககு சான்றிதழையும் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். இருப்பினும், இந்தியாவில் உள்ள சில குறிப்பிட்ட பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்ல அவர்கள் அனுமதி பெற வேண்டும்; அவர்களால் விவசாய நிலத்தை வாங்கவோ அல்லது எந்தத் தேர்தலிலும் வாக்களிக்கவோ முடியாது. இககு சான்றிதழ் எந்தச் சூழ்நிலையிலும் இந்தியக் குடியுரிமைக்கான சான்றாகக் கருதப்படாது. மேலும், நீங்கள் எந்த நாட்டின் கடவுச்சீட்டை வைத்திருக்கிறீர்களோ, அந்த நாடே உங்களுக்குத் தூதரக உதவிகளை வழங்க முடியும். தற்போது ''மின்னணு-இககு'' என்ற எண்ம வடிவம் அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது; இது அட்டைதாரர்கள் தங்கள் இககு விவரங்களை திறன்பேசியில் கடவுச்சீட்டுடன் சேர்த்துச் சேமித்து வைத்துக்கொள்ளவும் காண்பிக்கவும் அனுமதிக்கிறது, இதனால் காகித வடிவிலான கையேட்டை கட்டாயம் எடுத்துச் செல்ல வேண்டிய அவசியம் நீக்கப்படுகிறது. காகித வடிவிலான இககு கையேடுகளும் தொடர்ந்து முழுமையாகச் செல்லுபடியாகும் மற்றும் ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்படும். 20 வயதிற்குப் பிறகு கடவுச்சீட்டைப் புதுப்பித்தவுடன் புதிய இககு கையேட்டைப் பெற வேண்டும் என்ற விதி நீக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. எனினும், இணையம் வழியாகக் கடவுச்சீட்டு விவரங்களைப் புதுப்பிப்பது கட்டாயமாகும். [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/பூட்டான்|பூட்டான்]] நாட்டு குடிமக்கள் விசா இல்லாமலேயே இந்தியாவிற்குள் நுழைந்து காலவரையறையின்றி வசிக்கலாம். '''[[Wy/ta/மாலத்தீவுகள்|மாலத்தீவுகள்]]''' நாட்டு குடிமக்கள் விசா இல்லாமல் 90 நாட்கள் வரை தங்கலாம். [[Wy/ta/சப்பான்|சப்பான்]], [[Wy/ta/தென் கொரியா|தென் கொரியா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்|ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்]] ஆகிய நாடுகளின் குடிமக்கள் ''வருகையின்போது விசா'' பெறும் வசதிக்குத் தகுதியுடையவர்கள் மற்றும் 60 நாட்கள் வரை தங்கலாம். [[Wy/ta/ஆப்கானித்தான்|ஆப்கானித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/வட கொரியா|வட கொரியா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/ஈரான்|ஈரான்]] ஆகிய நாடுகளின் குடிமக்கள் (தற்போதைய அல்லது முன்னாள்) விசா பெறுவதற்கு குறைந்தபட்சம் 4 வாரங்கள் காத்திருக்க வேண்டியிருக்கும். இந்தியாவில் பணி தொடர்பான நடவடிக்கைகளில் ஈடுபட விரும்பினால், உங்களுக்கு '''வணிக விசா''' தேவைப்படலாம் (இககு ஆவணதாரர்களுக்கு வணிக விசா தேவையில்லை). மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம் முறைமையானது "சாதாரண வணிக ரீதியிலான வருகைகளை" அனுமதிக்கிறது. மேலும் இதைப் பெறுவது எளிதானது. ஒருவேளை உங்களுக்கு வணிக விசா தேவைப்பட்டால், உங்கள் சொந்த நாட்டில் உள்ள உங்கள் நிறுவனம் மற்றும் இந்தியாவில் நீங்கள் பார்வையிடவிருக்கும் நிறுவனம் ஆகியன தொடர்பான விரிவான ஆவணங்களைச் சமர்ப்பிக்கத் தயாராக இருக்க வேண்டும். இதில், நீங்கள் பார்வையிடவிருக்கும் நிறுவனத்திடமிருந்து பெறப்பட்ட அழைப்புக் கடிதம், வணிகப் பதிவு ஆவணங்கள் மற்றும் தேவைப்பட்டால் வருமான வரித் தாக்கல் விவரங்கள் உள்ளிட்ட முக்கிய ஆவணங்கள் ஆகியவை அடங்கும். குறுகிய கால விசாவிற்கு (எ.கா. 6 மாதங்கள்) விண்ணப்பிப்பது பயனுள்ளதாக இருக்கலாம்; ஏனெனில், அத்தகைய சூழலில் அதற்கான தகுதி நிபந்தனைகள் குறைவாக இருக்கக்கூடும். அமெரிக்கக் குடிமக்கள் உட்பட குறிப்பிட்ட சில நாடுகளின் குடிமக்களுக்கு 10 ஆண்டுகளுக்கான சிறப்பு விசா கிடைக்கிறது (கட்டணம்: 100 அமெரிக்க டாலர்கள்). மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரத்திற்குத் தகுதியற்ற அமெரிக்கக் குடிமக்களுக்கான வழக்கமான விசா விண்ணப்பச் செயல்முறை '''[https://services.vfsglobal.com/usa/en/ind/ விஎஃப்எஸ் குளோபல்]''' இணையதளத்தில் தொடங்குகிறது. பின்னர், விண்ணப்பங்கள் ஃபெடெக்ஸ் மூலமாகவோ அல்லது நேரடியாகவோ விசா விண்ணப்ப மையத்தில் சமர்ப்பிக்கப்பட வேண்டும். நீங்கள் அதைப் பயன்படுத்தத் திட்டமிடவில்லை என்றாலும், பன்முக நுழைவு விசாவுக்கு விண்ணப்பிப்பது எப்போதும் நல்லது. ஏனெனில், இதற்கான கட்டணம் ஒன்றுதான், இவை தாராளமாக வழங்கப்படுகின்றன, மேலும் கடைசி நேரத்தில் அண்டை நாடுகளுக்குச் செல்ல நீங்கள் முடிவெடுத்தால் இவை மிகவும் பயனுள்ளதாக இருக்கும். இந்திய அரசின் [https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/visa/index.html அதிகாரபூர்வமான இணையதளம்] வழியாக வழக்கமான விசாக்களுக்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கலாம். ==== மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம் / மின்னணு விசா ==== {{Wy/ta/VisaRestriction|நீங்களோ அல்லது உங்கள் பெற்றோரோ அல்லது தாத்தா-பாட்டிமார்களோ எப்போதாவது [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தானின்]] குடிமகனாகவோ அல்லது நிரந்தரக் குடியிருப்பாளராகவோ இருந்திருந்தாலோ, அல்லது பாக்கித்தானின் தேசிய அடையாள அட்டை (NIC card) அல்லது வெளிநாடு வாழ் பாகிஸ்தானியர்களுக்கான தேசிய அடையாள அட்டை (NICOP card) வைத்திருந்தாலோ (பாகிஸ்தானிய வம்சாவளியினர் பகுதியைப் பார்க்கவும்), நீங்கள் மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரத்திற்குத் தகுதி பெறமாட்டீர்கள். அதற்குப் பதிலாக, நீங்கள் இந்தியத் தூதரகம் அல்லது துணைத் தூதரகத்தில் நேரில் சென்று விசாவுக்கு விண்ணப்பிக்க வேண்டும். |lastedit=2026-08-18 }} இந்தியாவிற்கான விசா பெறுவதற்கு ''மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம் (ஈடிஏ)'' அல்லது ''மின்னணு விசா (ஈ-விசா)'' என்பதே மிக எளிதான வழியாகும். இதற்கு இணையதளம் மூலமாக மட்டுமே விண்ணப்பிக்கவும் அனுமதி பெறவும் முடியும்; அதாவது, விவரங்களைப் பூர்த்தி செய்தல், சமீபத்திய புகைப்படம் (ஜெபிஜி வடிவம்; தரமான செல்ஃபி கூட ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்படும்) மற்றும் கடவுச்சீட்டு நகல் (கையடக்க ஆவண வடிவமைப்பு (பிடிஎஃப்); அதிகபட்சம் 300kB) ஆகியவற்றை பதிவேற்றுதல் மற்றும் (திரும்பப் பெற முடியாத) செயலாக்கக் கட்டணத்தைச் செலுத்துதல் ஆகிய அனைத்தும் [https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/evisa/tvoa.html இந்திய அரசின் சிறப்பு மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகார இணையதளம்] வழியாகவே மேற்கொள்ளப்பட வேண்டும். பெரும்பாலான ஈடிஏ வகைகளுக்கு இந்தியா வருவதற்கு 4 முதல் 120 நாட்களுக்கு முன்னதாகவே விண்ணப்பிக்கலாம்; ஆனால், '30 நாள் ''மின்னணு-சுற்றுலாப்பயணி'' விசாவிற்கு மட்டும் வருகைக்கு 4 முதல் 30 நாட்களுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட காலத்தில் விண்ணப்பிக்க வேண்டும். கட்டணத்தை எஸ்பிஐ ஈ-பே (பாரத ஸ்டேட் வங்கி) அல்லது ஆக்சிஸ் வங்கி வழியாக கடனட்டை/பற்று அட்டை மூலமாகவோ (+2.5% வங்கி கட்டணம்) அல்லது ''பேபால்'' மூலமாகவோ (+3.5% வங்கி கட்டணம்) செலுத்தலாம். கட்டணம் செலுத்துவதில் ஏதேனும் தோல்வி ஏற்பட்டால், ஒரே தொகையை இருமுறை செலுத்துவதைத் தவிர்க்கச் சில மணிநேரங்கள் காத்திருக்கவும். கட்டணம் வெற்றிகரமாகச் செலுத்தப்பட்ட பிறகு ஈடிஏ விண்ணப்பச் செயல்முறை தொடங்குகிறது. முடிவு தெரிய வருவதற்கு 72 மணிநேரம் வரை ஆகலாம்; இருப்பினும், பல சந்தர்ப்பங்களில் 24 மணிநேரத்திலேயே முடிவு கிடைத்துவிடுகிறது. கீழே உள்ள செயலாக்கக் கட்டணங்கள் பட்டியலில் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள 166 நாடுகளின் குடிமக்களுக்கு மட்டுமே ஈடிஏ வசதி கிடைக்கும். சாலை அல்லது தொடருந்து வழியாக இந்தியாவிற்குள் நுழைவதற்கு இதைப் பயன்படுத்த முடியாது; ஆனால், சாலை அல்லது தொடருந்து வழியாக வெளியேற முடியும் (விவரங்களுக்குக் கீழே பார்க்கவும்). அசல் ஈடிஏ வழங்கப்பட்ட பழைய கடவுச்சீட்டை உடன் வைத்திருந்தால், புதிய கடவுச்சீட்டைப் பயன்படுத்தி நாட்டிற்குள் நுழையவும் வெளியேறவும் அனுமதிக்கப்படும். அதே ஈடிஏ மற்றும் மின்னணு-விசா சேவைகளை வழங்கும் வணிக ரீதியிலான இணையதளங்களும் உள்ளன. ஆனால், அந்தச் சேவைகளுக்குச் செலவழிக்கும் பணம் பொதுவாகப் பயனுள்ளதாக இருப்பதில்லை. எனவே, உங்கள் பணத்தை மிச்சப்படுத்தி, அதிகாரப்பூர்வ இணையதளம் மூலமாக மட்டுமே விண்ணப்பிக்கவும். பின்வரும் வகையான ஈடிஏ-க்கள் கிடைக்கின்றன: * '''மின்னணு-சுற்றுலா விசா''': ** 30 நாட்கள் – இரட்டை நுழைவு, முதல் நுழைவிலிருந்து செல்லுபடியாகும் ** 1 அல்லது 5 ஆண்டுகள் – பன்முக நுழைவு, ஈடிஏ வழங்கப்பட்ட தேதியிலிருந்து செல்லுபடியாகும், ஒரே நேரத்தில் அதிகபட்சம் 90 நாட்கள், ஒரு காலிகை ஆண்டிற்கு அதிகபட்சம் 180 நாட்கள் * '''மின்னணு-வணிக விசா''' – 1 ஆண்டு, பன்முக நுழைவு, ஈடிஏ வழங்கப்பட்ட தேதியிலிருந்து செல்லுபடியாகும், ஒரே நேரத்தில் அதிகபட்சம் 180 நாட்கள் * '''மின்னணு-மாநாட்டு விசா''' – ஒற்றை நுழைவு, முதல் நுழைவிலிருந்து 30 நாட்கள் செல்லுபடியாகும் * '''மின்னணு-மருத்துவ விசா''' – மும்முறை நுழைவு, முதல் நுழைவிலிருந்து 60 நாட்கள் செல்லுபடியாகும் * '''மின்னணு-மருத்துவ உதவியாளர் விசா''' – மும்முறை நுழைவு, முதல் நுழைவிலிருந்து 60 நாட்கள் செல்லுபடியாகும், ஒரு நோயாளிக்கு அதிகபட்சம் 2 உதவியாளர்கள் '''நுழைவிடங்கள்:''' ஈடிஏ வில் இந்தியாவுக்குள் பின்வருமாறு: * விமான நிலையங்கள் - அகமதாபாத், அமிருதசரசு, பாக்டோக்ரா (சிலிகுரி), பெங்களூரு, புவனேசுவரம், கோழிக்கோடு, சென்னை, சண்டிகர், கொச்சி, கோயம்புத்தூர், தில்லி, கயா, கோவா, குவகாத்தி, ஐதராபாது, செய்ப்பூர், கண்ணூர், கொல்கத்தா, இலக்னோ, மதுரை, மங்களூரு, மும்பை, நாக்பூர், ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம், புனே, திருச்சிராப்பள்ளி திருவனந்தபுரம், வாரணாசி, விசாகபட்டினம். * துறைமுகங்கள் – சென்னை, கொச்சி, கோவா, மங்களூரு, மும்பை '''வெளியேறுமிடங்கள்:''' மேலே குறிப்பிடப்பட்ட அனைத்தையும், அத்துடன் பின்வருவனவற்றையும் சேர்த்துக்கொள்ளவும்: * விமான நிலையங்கள் - பட்னா, சிறிநகர், சூரத்து, திருப்பதி, விஜயவாடா * துறைமுகங்கள் - அலங், பேடி பந்தர், பவநகர், கோழிக்கோடு, கடலூர், காக்கிநாடா, காண்ட்லா, கொல்கத்தா, மாண்டவி, நாகப்பட்டினம், நவா ஷேவா, பாராதீப், போர்பந்தர், ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம், தூத்துக்குடி, விசாகப்பட்டினம், விழிஞ்சம், அகத்தி மற்றும் மினிகாய் தீவு, இலட்சத்தீவுகள், வல்லார்பாடம், முந்திரா, கிருஷ்ணபட்டினம், துப்ரி, பாண்டு, நகோன், ஸ்ரீபூமி, காட்டுப்பள்ளி * நிலவழி ஒருங்கிணைந்த சோதனைச் சாவடிகள் - அட்டாரி சாலை, அகௌரா, பன்பாசா, சங்ரபந்தா, தாலு, டாவ்கி, தலாய்காட், கௌரிபந்தா, கோஜதங்கா, ஹரிதாஸ்பூர், ஹிலி, ஜெய்கான், ஜோக்பானி, கைலாஷாஹர், ஸ்ரீபூமி, கோவல், லால்கோலாகாட், மகாதிபூர், மங்காச்சார், மோரே, முஹுரிகாட், ரதி, முகுரிகாட், ரக்சால், ருபைதிகா, சப்ரூம், சோனௌலி, ஸ்ரீமந்தபூர், சுதர்கண்டி, புல்பாரி, கவார்பூச்சியா, சோரின்புரி, சோகவ்தர் * தொடருந்து ஒருங்கிணைந்த சோதனைச் சாவடிகள் - அட்டாரி, சித்பூர், கெடே (தொடருந்து மற்றும் சாலை), அரிதாஸ்பூர், முனாபாவ் ஈடிஏ விண்ணப்பத்தில் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள நுழைவு மற்றும் வெளியேறும் இடங்கள் கட்டாயமானவை அல்ல. [https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/evisa/images/Etourist_fee_final.pdf மின்னணு-சுற்றுலாப் பயணி விசா] மற்றும் [https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/evisa/images/eTV_revised_fee_final.pdf பிற அனைத்து மின்னணு-விசா] வகைகளுக்கான '''செயலாக்கக் கட்டணங்கள்''' (மற்றும் தகுதி) விவரங்கள்: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin: auto;" |+ {{Wy/ta/Nowrap|மின்னணு-சுற்றுலாப் பயணி விசா}} ! கட்டணம் !! &nbsp;&nbsp;30&nbsp;நாட்கள்&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>(ஏப்ரல்-சூன்) !! &nbsp;&nbsp;30&nbsp;நாட்கள்&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>(சூலை-மார்ச்) !! 1&nbsp;வருடம் !! 5&nbsp;வருடங்கள் !! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;நாடு&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- | அமெரிக்க டாலர் || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || அர்கெந்தீனா, குக் தீவுகள், பிஜி, ஜமேக்கா, கிரிபட்டி, மார்சல் தீவுகள், மொரிசியசு, மைக்குரோனீசியா, மியான்மார், நவூரு, நியுவே தீவு, பலாவு, பப்புவா நியூ கினி, சமோவா, சீசெல்சு, சொலமன் தீவுகள், தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா, தொங்கா, துவாலு, உருகுவை, வனுவாட்டு |- | அமெரிக்க டாலர் || 10 || 25 || 25 || 25 || சப்பான், சிங்கப்பூர், இலங்கை |- | அமெரிக்க டாலர் || 10 || 25 || 40 || 80 || ஆப்கானித்தான், அல்பேனியா, அந்தோரா, அங்கோலா, அங்கியுலா, அன்டிகுவாவும் பர்பியுடாவும், ஆர்மீனியா, அரூபா, ஆத்திரேலியா, ஆஸ்திரியா, அசர்பைஜான், பகாமாசு, பார்படோசு, பெலருஸ், பெல்ஜியம், பெலீசு, பெனின், பொலிவியா, பொசுனியா எர்செகோவினா, போட்சுவானா, பிரேசில், புரூணை, பல்காரியா, புருண்டி, கம்போடியா, கமரூன், காபோ வர்டி, கனடா, கேமன் தீவுகள், சிலி, கொலம்பியா, கொமொரோசு, கோஸ்ட்டா ரிக்கா, கோட் டிவார், குரோவாசியா, சைப்பிரசு, செக் குடியரசு, டென்மார்க், சீபூத்தீ, டொமினிக்கா, டொமினிக்கன் குடியரசு, கிழக்குத் திமோர், எக்குவடோர், எல் சால்வடோர், எக்குவட்டோரியல் கினி, எரித்திரியா, எசுத்தோனியா, பின்லாந்து, பிரான்சு, காபோன், காம்பியா, சியார்சியா, செருமனி, கானா, கிரேக்கம், கிரெனடா, குவாத்தமாலா, கினி, கயானா, எயிட்டி, ஒந்துராசு, அங்கேரி, ஐசுலாந்து, இந்தோனேசியா, அயர்லாந்து, இசுரேல், இத்தாலி, ஜோர்தான், கஜகஸ்தான், கெனியா, கிர்கிசுத்தான், இலாவோசு, லாத்வியா, லெசோத்தோ, லைபீரியா, லீக்கின்ஸ்டைன், லித்துவேனியா, லக்சம்பர்க், மலேசியா, மடகாசுகர், மலாவி, மாலி, மால்ட்டா, மெக்சிக்கோ, மல்தோவா, மொனாக்கோ, மங்கோலியா, மொண்டெனேகுரோ, மொன்செராட், மொசாம்பிக்கு, நமீபியா, நெதர்லாந்து, நியூசிலாந்து, நிக்கராகுவா, நைஜர், வடக்கு மக்கெதோனியா, நோர்வே, ஓமான், பலத்தீன் நாடு, பனாமா, பரகுவை, பெரு, பிலிப்பீன்சு, போலந்து, போர்த்துகல், தென் கொரியா, உருமேனியா, உருசியா, உருவாண்டா, செயிண்ட் கிட்சும் நெவிசும், செயிண்ட் லூசியா, செயின்ட் வின்செண்டு மற்றும் கிரெனடீன்கள், சான் மரீனோ, சவூதி அரேபியா, செனிகல், செர்பியா, சியேரா லியோனி, சிலோவாக்கியா, சுலோவீனியா, எசுப்பானியா, சுரிநாம், எசுவாத்தினி, சுவீடன், சுவிட்சர்லாந்து, தைவான், தஜிகிஸ்தான், தன்சானியா, தாய்லாந்து, டோகோ, டிரினிடாட் மற்றும் டொபாகோ, துர்கசு கைகோசு தீவுகள், உகாண்டா, உக்ரைன், ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம், ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம், அமேரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடுகள், உசுபெக்கிசுத்தான், வத்திக்கான் நகர், வெனிசுவேலா, வியட்நாம், சாம்பியா, சிம்பாப்வே |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin: auto;" |+ {{Wy/ta/Nowrap|மின்னணு-வணிக விசா}} ! கட்டணம்<br/>(அமேரிக்க டாலர்) !! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;நாடு&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- | 0 || அங்கோலா, அர்கெந்தீனா, பெனின், புருண்டி, கம்போடியா, கொமொரோசு, குக் தீவுகள், சீபூத்தீ, கிழக்குத் திமோர், எரித்திரியா, பிஜி, காம்பியா, கினி, ஜமேக்கா, கிரிபட்டி, இலாவோசு, லெசோத்தோ, லைபீரியா, மடகாசுகர், மலாவி, மாலி, மார்சல் தீவுகள், மொரிசியசு, மைக்குரோனீசியா, மொசாம்பிக்கு, மியான்மார், நவூரு, நைஜர் குடியரசு, நியுவே தீவு, பலாவு, பாப்புவா நியூ கினி, உருவாண்டா, சமோவா, செனெகல், சீசெல்சு, சியேரா லியோனி, சொலமன் தீவுகள், தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா, தன்சானியா, தொங்கா, துவாலு, உகாண்டா, உருகுவை, வனுவாட்டு, சாம்பியா |- | 25 || சப்பான், சிங்கப்பூர், இலங்கை |- | 80 || ஆப்கானித்தான், அல்பேனியா, அந்தோரா, அங்கியுலா, அன்டிகுவாவும் பர்பியுடாவும், ஆர்மீனியா, அரூபா, ஆத்திரேலியா, ஆஸ்திரியா, அசர்பைஜான், பகாமாசு, பார்படோசு, பெலாருஸ், பெல்ஜியம், பெலீசு, பொலிவியா, பொசுனியா எர்செகோவினா, போட்சுவானா, பிரேசில், புரூணை, பல்காரியா, கமரூன், காபோ வர்டி, கனடா, கேமன் தீவுகள், சிலி, கொலம்பியா, கோஸ்ட்டா ரிக்கா, கோட் டிவார், குரோவாசியா, சைப்பிரசு, செக் குடியரசு, டென்மார்க், டொமினிக்கா, டொமினிக்கன் குடியரசு, எக்குவடோர், எல் சால்வடோர், எக்குவட்டோரியல் கினி, எசுத்தோனியா, பின்லாந்து, பிரான்சு, காபோன், சியார்சியா, செருமனி, கானா, கிரேக்கம், கிரனெடா, குவாத்தமாலா, கயானா, எயிட்டி, ஒந்துராசு, அங்கேரி, ஐசுலாந்து, இந்தோநேசியா, அயர்லாந்து, இசுரேல், இத்தாலி, ஜோர்தான், கசகஸ்தான், கெனியா, கிர்கிசுத்தான், லாத்வியா, லீக்கின்ஸ்டைன், லித்துவேனியா, லக்சம்பர்க், மலேசியா, மால்ட்டா, மெக்சிக்கோ, மல்தோவா, மொனாக்கோ, மங்கோலியா, மொண்டெனேகுரோ, மொன்செராட், நமீபியா, நெதர்லாந்து, நியூசிலாந்து, நிக்கராகுவா, வடக்கு மக்கெதோனியா, நோர்வே, ஓமான், பலத்தீன் நாடு, பனாமா, பரகுவை, பெரு, பிலிப்பீன்சு, போலந்து, போர்த்துகல், தென் கொரியா, உருமேனியா, செயிண்ட் கிட்சும் நெவிசும், செயிண்ட் லூசியா, செயின்ட் வின்செண்டு மற்றும் கிரெனடீன்கள், சான் மரீனோ, சவூதி அரேபியா, செர்பியா, சிலோவாக்கியா, சுலோவீனியா, எசுப்பானியா, சுரிநாம், எசுவாத்தினி, சுவீடன், சுவிட்சர்லாந்து, தைவான், தஜிகிஸ்தான், தாய்லாந்து, டோகோ, டிரினிடாட் மற்றும் டொபாகோ, துர்கசு கைகோசு தீவுகள், ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம், உசுபெக்கிசுத்தான், வத்திக்கான் நகர், வெனிசுவேலா, வியட்நாம், சிம்பாப்வே |- | 100 || உருசியா, ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம், உக்ரைன், அமேரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin: auto;" |+ {{Wy/ta/Nowrap|மின்னணு-மாநாட்டு விசா<br>மின்னணு-மருத்துவ விசா<br> மின்னணு-மருத்துவ உதவியாளர் விசா}} ! கட்டணம்<br/>(அமேரிக்க டாலர்) !! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;நாடு&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- | 0 || அர்கெந்தீனா, குக் தீவுகள், பிஜி, ஜமேக்கா, கிரிபட்டி, மார்சல் தீவுகள், மொரிசியசு, மைக்குரோனீசியா, மியான்மார், நவூரு, நியுவே தீவு, பலாவு, பாப்புவா நியூ கினி, சமோவா, சீசெல்சு, சொலமன் தீவுகள், தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா, தொங்கா, துவாலு, உருகுவை, வனுவாட்டு |- | 25 || சப்பான், சிங்கப்பூர், இலங்கை |- | 80 || ஆப்கானித்தான், அல்பேனியா, அந்தோரா, அங்கியுலா, அன்டிகுவாவும் பர்பியுடாவும், ஆர்மீனியா, அரூபா, ஆத்திரேலியா, ஆஸ்திரியா, அசர்பைஜான், பகாமாசு, பார்படோசு, பெலாருஸ், பெல்ஜியம், பெலீசு, பொலிவியா, பொசுனியா எர்செகோவினா, போட்சுவானா, பிரேசில், புரூணை, பல்காரியா, புருண்டி, கம்போடியா, கமரூன், காபோ வர்டி, கனடா, கேமன் தீவுகள், சிலி, கொலம்பியா, கொமொரோசு, கோஸ்ட்டா ரிக்கா, கோட் டிவார், குரோவாசியா, சைப்பிரசு, செக் குடியரசு, டென்மார்க், சீபூத்தீ, டொமினிக்கா, டொமினிக்கன் குடியரசு, கிழக்குத் திமோர், எக்குவடோர், எல் சால்வடோர், எக்குவட்டோரியல் கினி, எரித்திரியா, எசுத்தோனியா, பின்லாந்து, பிரான்சு, காபோன், காம்பியா, சியார்சியா, செருமனி, கானா, கிரேக்கம், கிரெனடா, குவாத்தமாலா, கினி, கயானா, எயிட்டி, ஒந்துராசு, அங்கேரி, ஐசுலாந்து, இந்தோனேசியா, அயர்லாந்து, இசுரேல், இத்தாலி, ஜோர்தான், கஜகஸ்தான், கெனியா, கிர்கிசுத்தான், இலாவோசு, லாத்வியா, லெசோத்தோ, லைபீரியா, லீக்கின்ஸ்டைன், லித்துவேனியா, லக்சம்பர்க், மடகாசுகர், மலாவி, மாலி, மலேசியா, மால்ட்டா, மெக்சிக்கோ, மல்தோவா, மொனாக்கோ, மங்கோலியா, மொண்டெனேகுரோ, மொன்செராட், நமீபியா, நெதர்லாந்து, நியூசிலாந்து, நிக்கராகுவா, நைஜர், வடக்கு மக்கெதோனியா, நோர்வே, ஓமான், பலத்தீன் நாடு, பனாமா, பரகுவை, பெரு, பிலிப்பீன்சு, போலந்து, போர்த்துகல், தென் கொரியா, உருமேனியா, உருவாண்டா, செயிண்ட் கிட்சும் நெவிசும், செயிண்ட் லூசியா, செயின்ட் வின்செண்டு மற்றும் கிரெனடீன்கள், சான் மரீனோ, சவூதி அரேபியா, செனிகல், செர்பியா, சியேரா லியோனி, சிலோவாக்கியா, சுலோவீனியா, எசுப்பானியா, சுரிநாம், எசுவாத்தினி, சுவீடன், சுவிட்சர்லாந்து, தைவான், தன்சானியா, தஜிகிஸ்தான், தாய்லாந்து, டோகோ, டிரினிடாட் மற்றும் டொபாகோ, துர்கசு கைகோசு தீவுகள், உகாண்டா, ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம், உசுபெக்கிசுத்தான், வத்திக்கான் நகர், வெனிசுவேலா, வியட்நாம், சாம்பியா, சிம்பாப்வே |- | 100 || பெனின், மொசாம்பிக்கு, ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம், உருசியா, உக்ரைன், அமேரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் |} முன்னர் நடைமுறையில் இருந்த வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட ''வருகையின்போது விசா'' திட்டத்திற்குப் பதிலாக ''மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம்'' அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்டது. தற்போது இந்தியாவில் வருகையின்போது விசா வசதிகள் ஏதுமில்லை. ====குறிப்பிட்ட வகையிலான விசாக்கள்==== சிறப்பு நோக்கங்களுக்காக வேறு சில விசா வகைகளும் உள்ளன. "முதன்மையாக சமய நடவடிக்கைகளில் ஈடுபடுவதற்காக" இந்தியாவுக்கு வரும் எவருக்கும் '''சமயப்பரப்பாளர் விசா''' கட்டாயமாகும். மதமாற்றத்தைத் தடுக்கும் நோக்கிலேயே, குறிப்பாக இந்துக்களைக் கிறிஸ்தவ அல்லது இஸ்லாமிய மதங்களுக்கு மாற்றுவதைத் தடுப்பதற்காகவே இந்த விதி உருவாக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. சுற்றுலா விசாவில் வந்து சமயக் கூட்டங்களில் உரையாற்றியதற்காக சமயப் பிரசாரகர்கள் நாட்டை விட்டு வெளியேற்றப்பட்ட நிகழ்வுகள் நடந்துள்ளன. ஆனால், நீங்கள் இந்தியாவில் உள்ள தேவாலயங்களைப் பார்வையிடும் ஒரு சமயச் சுற்றுலாப் பயணத்தை மேற்கொள்கிறீர்கள் என்றால், இதைப் பற்றிக் கவலைப்படத் தேவையில்லை. நீங்கள் மாணவர், வேலைவாய்ப்பு, ஆராய்ச்சி அல்லது சமயப்பரப்பாளர் விசா ஆகியவற்றில் வந்திருந்தால், இந்தியாவுக்கு வந்த 14 நாட்களுக்குள் நீங்கள் தங்கும் பகுதியில் உள்ள [https://mea.gov.in/foreigners-registration.htm '''வெளிநாட்டவர் மண்டலப் பதிவு அலுவலகம்'''] சென்று பதிவு செய்துகொள்ள வேண்டும் (இந்த இணையதளத்தை இந்தியாவுக்கு வெளியே அணுக முடியாது). நீங்கள் தங்கும் பகுதியில் அத்தகைய அலுவலகம் இல்லையென்றால், உள்ளூர் காவல் நிலையத்தில் பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டும். '''180 நாட்களுக்கு மேல்''' தங்குவதற்குத் திட்டமிடும் அனைத்துப் பார்வையாளர்களும் பதிவு செய்துகொள்வது கட்டாயமாகும். ==== பாக்கித்தான் ==== {{Wy/ta/VisaRestriction|ஏப்ரல் 2025 முதல் பாகிஸ்தான் குடிமக்களுக்கான விசா சேவைகள் இடைநிறுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன. பெரும்பாலான வகைகளுக்கான புதிய விசா விண்ணப்பங்கள் ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்படுவதில்லை. |lastedit=2026-08-20 }} இரட்டை குடியுரிமை கொண்ட பாக்கித்தானியர்கள், தங்கள் மற்றொரு கடவுச்சீட்டைப் பயன்படுத்தி இந்தியாவுக்குள் நுழைய அனுமதிக்கப்படுவதில்லை. நீங்கள் உங்கள் பாக்கித்தானிய குடியுரிமையை முறையாகத் துறந்திருந்தால், இந்திய சுற்றுலா விசாவிற்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கத் தகுதி பெறுவீர்கள். ஆனால், விண்ணப்பிக்கும்போது குடியுரிமை துறப்புச் சான்றிதழின் அசல் நகலைச் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். மேலும், உங்களுக்கு ஒரே முறை மட்டுமே நுழையக்கூடிய 3 மாத கால விசா மட்டுமே வழங்கப்படும். இந்தியா வந்தடைந்ததும், உங்களிடம் கூடுதல் கேள்விகள் கேட்கப்படவோ அல்லது சோதனைகள் நடத்தப்படவோ, அல்லது நாட்டிற்குள் நுழைய அனுமதி மறுக்கப்படவோ அதிக வாய்ப்புள்ளது. உங்களிடம் பாக்கித்தான் கடவுச்சீட்டு இல்லையென்றால், ஆனால் தேசிய அடையாள அட்டை (''NIC'') அல்லது வெளிநாடு வாழ் பாக்கித்தானியர்களுக்கான தேசிய அடையாள அட்டை (''NICOP'') வைத்திருந்தால், நீங்கள் ''NIC/NICOP'' வைத்திருப்பது மற்றும் கடவுச்சீட்டு வைத்திருக்கவில்லை என்பது குறித்த உண்மைகளை உறுதிப்படுத்தும் சான்றொப்பமிடப்பட்ட அறிக்கை ஒன்றைச் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். உங்களிடம் தற்போதுள்ள அனைத்துக் கடவுச்சீட்டுகளையும் நீங்கள் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். அத்துடன், விசா அதிகாரியின் விருப்பத்தின் பேரில் உங்கள் முந்தைய கடவுச்சீட்டுகளையும் சமர்ப்பிக்குமாறு உங்களிடம் கேட்கப்படலாம். இயல்புரிமை பெற்ற வெளிநாட்டு குடிமக்கள் தங்கள் இயல்புரிமையை உறுதிப்படுத்தும் சான்றிதழையும், பாக்கித்தானுக்கு வெளியே பிறந்தவர்கள் தங்கள் பிறப்புச் சான்றிதழையும் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். நேரத்தை மிச்சப்படுத்த, நீங்கள் ஒரு படிவத்தை பூர்த்தி செய்யலாம். இதில் பெரும்பாலும் 'ஆம்' அல்லது 'இல்லை' என்று பதிலளிக்கக்கூடிய கேள்விகள் மட்டுமே இடம்பெற்றிருக்கும். நீங்கள் பாக்கித்தான் வம்சாவளியைச் சேர்ந்தவராக இருந்தால், உங்கள் விசா பரிசீலனைக்குக் குறைந்தபட்சம் 7 முதல் 9 வாரங்கள் வரை ஆகலாம். கடந்த 21 நாட்களுக்குள் நீங்கள் பாக்கித்தானுக்குச் சென்றிருந்தாலோ அல்லது உங்கள் பயண ஆவணத்தில் பாக்கித்தானின் விசா அல்லது முத்திரை இருந்தாலோ, உங்களுக்கு அனுமதி மறுக்கப்படலாம் மற்றும் உங்கள் விசா செல்லாததாக்கப்படலாம். === சுங்க நடைமுறைகள் === {{Wy/ta/Cautionbox|boldtext=சுங்க நடைமுறைகள் குழப்பமானவை! |இந்தியாவின் சுங்க நடைமுறைகள் மிகவும் சிக்கலானவை. இவற்றைக் கவனமாகக் கையாளாவிட்டால், உங்கள் பொருட்கள் பறிமுதல் செய்யப்படுதல், அபராதம் விதிக்கப்படுதல், நாடு கடத்தப்படுதல் அல்லது சிறைத்தண்டனை போன்ற விளைவுகளை நீங்கள் சந்திக்க நேரிடலாம். சட்டவிரோத போதைப்பொருட்கள் அல்லது பெருமளவிலான பணம் அல்லது நகைகளை இறக்குமதி அல்லது ஏற்றுமதி செய்வது சுங்கத் துறையினரிடையே சந்தேகத்தை ஏற்படுத்தக்கூடும். }} சுங்கச் சோதனையை முடிப்பது சற்று சிரமமான விஷயமாக இருக்கலாம், இருப்பினும் இதில் இப்போது பெரும் முன்னேற்றம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. பொதுவாக, உங்கள் உடைமைகளைச் சுங்கச் சோதனை வழியாக எளிதாகக் கொண்டு செல்ல உதவுவதாகக் கூறும் இடைத்தரகர்களைத் தவிர்க்கவும். வரி விலக்குச் சலுகைகள் தொடர்பாகப் பல்வேறு விதிகள் உள்ளன. இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள், வெளிநாட்டுச் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள், நேபாளம், பூட்டான் மற்றும் பாக்கித்தான் நாட்டுப் பயணிகள், இந்திய வம்சாவளியைச் சேர்ந்த வெளிநாட்டினர் மற்றும் இந்தியாவிற்குக் குடியேறுபவர்கள் ஆகியோருக்கு வெவ்வேறு விதிகள் பொருந்தும். நீங்கள் எவற்றையெல்லாம் கொண்டு வரலாம் என்பது குறித்த தகவல்களை அறிய, [https://www.cbic.gov.in/ மத்திய கலால் மற்றும் சுங்க வாரியம்] இணையதளத்தைப் பயன்படுத்தவும். நேபாளம், பூட்டான் மற்றும் பாக்கித்தான் நாட்டவர்கள் அல்லது அந்த நாடுகள் வழியாக வருபவர்களைத் தவிர்த்த பிற வெளிநாட்டு சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள், தாங்கள் பயன்படுத்திய தனிப்பட்ட பொருட்கள், பயணத்தின்போது வாங்கிய நினைவுப் பொருட்கள் மற்றும் பரிசுப் பொருட்களாக ₹4,000 மதிப்புள்ள பொருட்களைக் கொண்டு வர அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறார்கள். நீங்கள் இந்தியக் குடிமகனாகவோ அல்லது இந்திய வம்சாவளியைச் சேர்ந்தவராகவோ இருந்தால் (நேபாளம், பூட்டான் அல்லது பாக்கித்தான் வழியாக வராத பட்சத்தில்), ₹25,000 மதிப்புள்ள பொருட்களைக் கொண்டு வர உங்களுக்கு அனுமதி உண்டு. இது தொடர்பான பிற விதிமுறைகள் இணையதளத்தில் கொடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. புதியதாகப் பொட்டலமிடப்பட்ட பொருட்களைக் கொண்டு வருவதாக இருந்தால், அவற்றின் மதிப்பைக் காட்டுவதற்கு உரிய ரசீதுகளை உடன் வைத்திருப்பது நல்லது. மேலும், 200 சிகரெட்டுகள் அல்லது 50 சுருட்டுகள் அல்லது 250 கிராம் புகையிலை மற்றும் 1 லிட்டர் மதுபானம் (இந்தியர்களுக்கு 2 லிட்டர்) ஆகியவற்றை வரி ஏதுமின்றி கொண்டு வரவும் அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறது. சுங்கவரிக்கு உட்பட்ட பொருட்கள் ஏதுமில்லை என்றால், விமான நிலையங்களில் தெளிவாகக் குறிக்கப்பட்டுள்ள ''பச்சை வழித்தடம்'' வழியாக நீங்கள் செல்லலாம். பொதுவாக அங்கு உங்களுக்கு எந்தச் சிரமமும் இருக்காது. இந்தியாவில் உள்ள அனைத்து சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையங்களிலும், பச்சை அல்லது சிவப்பு வழித்தடங்கள் வழியாக வெளியேறும்போது உங்கள் பைகள் பரிசோதனைக்கு உட்படுத்தப்படும். மின்னணு சிகரெட்டுகள், ஆவியாக்கிகள் மற்றும் அவற்றின் மறு செறிவுகளை இறக்குமதி செய்வது சட்டவிரோதமானது. வெளிநாட்டினர் இந்திய ரூபாயை நாட்டிற்குள் கொண்டுவருவதோ அல்லது நாட்டிலிருந்து வெளியே கொண்டு செல்வதோ '''கண்டிப்பாகத் தடைசெய்யப்பட்டுள்ளது'''. இந்தியக் குடிமக்களுக்கு இது ₹25,000 வரை மட்டுமே அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறது. இது குறித்த விவரங்களை [https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/notification/PDFs/CR3105F871DDFD343407BA1BC640B96AFB21A.PDF இந்திய ரிசர்வ் வங்கியின் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ அறிவிப்பில்] காணலாம். இருப்பினும், வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் இது அரிதாகவே சோதிக்கப்படுகிறது. === இந்தியாவை விட்டு வெளியேறுதல் === {{Wy/ta/Cautionbox|boldtext=அனுமதி முடிந்த பிறகும் தங்கலாமா என யோசிக்கிறீர்களா? |இந்தியாவில் அனுமதிக்கப்பட்ட காலத்திற்கு மேல் தங்குவது (ஒரு நாள் கூடுதலாக இருந்தாலும் கூட) அதிகாரிகளால் மிகக் தீவிரமாக எடுத்துக்கொள்ளப்படுகிறது. இதனால் அபராதம், சட்ட நடவடிக்கை, தாமதங்கள் மற்றும் [https://mea.gov.in/foreigners-registration.htm '''வெளிநாட்டவர் மண்டலப் பதிவு அலுவலகம் (''FRRO'')'''] அல்லது குடியேற்றத் துறையிடமிருந்து வெளியேறும் அனுமதி பெறும் வரை நாட்டை விட்டு வெளியேற முடியாமல் போவது போன்ற விளைவுகள் ஏற்படலாம். நீண்ட காலம் கூடுதலாகத் தங்குவது கடுமையான அபராதங்களுக்கு வழிவகுப்பதோடு, எதிர்காலத்தில் இந்திய விசா பெறுவதற்கான வாய்ப்புகளையும் கடுமையாகப் பாதிக்கலாம். மருத்துவக் காரணங்கள் அல்லது விமான ரத்து போன்ற உண்மையான அவசரச் சூழல்களால் அனுமதிக்கப்பட்ட காலத்திற்கு மேல் தங்க நேரிடுபவர்கள், உடனடியாக அருகிலுள்ள ''FRRO'' அல்லது காவல் நிலையத்திற்குத் தகவல் தெரிவிக்க வேண்டும் மற்றும் அதற்கான ஆவணங்களை வைத்திருக்க வேண்டும்; அவ்வாறு செய்யத் தவறினால் நடவடிக்கை எடுக்கப்படலாம். முழு விவரங்களையும் [https://indianfrro.gov.in/frro/Financial_Penalty.pdf இங்கே காணலாம்:] }} உங்களிடம் நாட்டிற்குள் நுழைந்ததற்கான முத்திரை இல்லையென்றால் — உதாரணமாக, புதிதாக வழங்கப்பட்ட கடவுச்சீட்டு அல்லது அவசர காலப் பயண ஆவணம் வைத்திருப்பவர்கள் — இந்தியாவிற்குள்ளிருந்தே வெளிநாட்டவர் மண்டலப் பதிவு அலுவலகத்தில் சிறப்பு வெளியேறும் அனுமதிக்கு விண்ணப்பிக்க வேண்டும் (இதற்கான இணையதளத்தை இந்தியாவிற்கு வெளியே அணுக முடியாது). எவ்விதச் சிக்கலுமற்ற விண்ணப்பங்களுக்கு 5 முதல் 15 வேலை நாட்கள் வரை ஆகலாம். எனவே, விமானப் பயணங்களை முன்பதிவு செய்யும்போது, ​​இந்தியாவிலிருந்து புறப்படுவதற்கான காலக்கெடுவில் இதையும் கருத்தில் கொள்ளவும். இந்தியாவிலிருந்து வெளியேறும் அனைத்துப் பயணிகளும் குடியேற்றச் சோதனைகளுக்கு உட்பட வேண்டும். சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் நாணயப் பரிமாற்ற மையங்கள் உள்ளன. அங்கிருந்து புறப்படுவதற்கு முன், உங்களிடம் உள்ள கூடுதல் இந்திய ரூபாயை வெளிநாட்டு நாணயமாக மாற்றிக்கொள்ள வேண்டும். வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில், வானூர்தி நிறுவனத்தின் ''வருகைப் பதிவு'' நடைமுறைகளை முடித்த பிறகு பயணிகள் குடியேற்றப் பிரிவு அறைக்குச் செல்வார்கள். அங்குள்ள அதிகாரிகள் உங்கள் கடவுச்சீட்டைச் சரிபார்த்து, உங்கள் விசா அல்லது மின்னணு விசா விவரங்களை உறுதிசெய்து, இந்தியாவில் நீங்கள் நுழைந்தது முறையாகப் பதிவு செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளதா என்பதைச் சரிபார்ப்பார்கள். உங்கள் பயணம் அல்லது நாட்டில் நீங்கள் தங்கியிருந்த காலம் குறித்த சில சுருக்கமான கேள்விகளை அவர்கள் கேட்கலாம். குறிப்பாக, உங்கள் வருகைப் பதிவில் ஏதேனும் தெளிவுபடுத்தல் தேவைப்பட்டால், திரும்புவதற்கான பயணத் திட்டம் அல்லது தங்குமிடம் தொடர்பான ஆவணங்களை அதிகாரிகள் சரிபார்ப்பது வழக்கம். புறப்பாட்டிற்கான முத்திரை உங்கள் கடவுச்சீட்டில் இடப்பட்டதும், நீங்கள் விமான நிலைய நடைமுறையின் அடுத்த கட்டத்திற்குச் செல்லலாம். தரை எல்லைகளில், கடக்கும் இடத்தைப் பொறுத்து நடைமுறைகள் பெரிதும் மாறுபடலாம். சில சோதனைச் சாவடிகள் நவீனமாகவும் ஒழுங்கமைக்கப்பட்டதாகவும் இருக்கும், மற்றவை எளிமையானவையாக இருக்கும், மேலும் அவை திறந்தவெளியில் காத்திருப்பதையோ அல்லது பல சிறிய அலுவலகங்களுக்கு இடையில் செல்வதையோ உள்ளடக்கியிருக்கலாம். நியமிக்கப்பட்ட குடிவரவுச் சோதனைச் சாவடியில் உங்கள் கடவுச்சீட்டை நீங்கள் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும், அங்கு அதிகாரிகள் உங்கள் நுழைவு முத்திரையைச் சரிபார்த்து, உங்கள் விசாவை உறுதிசெய்து, உங்கள் புறப்பாட்டை கணினி அமைப்பில் பதிவு செய்வார்கள். பயணிகள் வேறு எல்லையில் இந்தியாவிற்குள் நுழைந்திருந்தாலோ அல்லது அவர்களின் ஆவணங்களுக்கு நேரடிச் சரிபார்ப்பு தேவைப்பட்டாலோ அவர்களிடம் கூடுதல் கேள்விகள் கேட்கப்படலாம். வசதிகள் குறைவாக இருக்கக்கூடும் என்பதால், வானூர்தி நிலையங்களை விட இங்கு செயலாக்கம் மெதுவாக இருக்கும் என எதிர்பார்க்கலாம். துறைமுகங்களில், குடிவரவுச் சோதனைகள் பொதுவாகப் பயணிகள் முனையத்திற்கு உள்ளேயோ அல்லது சில சமயங்களில் கப்பல் புறப்படுவதற்கு முன்பு கப்பலுக்குள்ளேயோ கையாளப்படுகின்றன. வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் செய்வது போலவே அதிகாரிகள் அதே சோதனைகளை நடத்துகின்றனர்: உங்கள் அடையாளத்தை உறுதி செய்தல், உங்கள் விசா அல்லது மின்னணு-விசாவை மதிப்பாய்வு செய்தல், மற்றும் உங்கள் நுழைவுப் பதிவு சரியாக உள்ளதா என்பதை உறுதி செய்தல். சொகுசுக் கப்பல் பயணிகள் குழுவாகச் சோதனைக்கு உட்படுத்தப்படலாம், அதேசமயம் சிறிய கப்பல்களில் புறப்படுபவர்கள் துறைமுக அதிகாரிகளால் தனித்தனியாகச் சோதிக்கப்படலாம். நடைமுறைகள் பொதுவாகச் சுமுகமாகவே இருக்கும், ஆனால் சோதனைக்கான நேரம் கப்பலின் அளவு மற்றும் பயணிகளின் எண்ணிக்கையைப் பொறுத்து அமையும். அனைத்து விதமான வெளியேறும் வழிகளிலும், குடிவரவுத் துறையிடம் உள்ள பதிவுகளுடன் உங்கள் ''நுழைவு முத்திரை மற்றும் விசா விவரங்கள்'' பொருந்த வேண்டும் என்பதே முக்கியத் தேவையாகும். === வான்னுர்தியில் === ==== நுழைவிடங்கள் ==== [[File:Arrival area at Indira Gandhi International Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Wy/ta/இந்திரா காந்தி சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையம்|இந்திரா காந்தி சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையம்]] [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லிக்குச்]] சேவை அளிப்பதோடு, [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவிற்கான]] மிக முக்கியமான நுழைவு வாயில்களில் ஒன்றாகவும் திகழ்கிறது.]] நாட்டிற்குள் நுழைவதற்கான முக்கிய இடங்களாக [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|DEL}}) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|BOM}}) ஆகியவை உள்ளன. [[Wy/ta/பெங்களூரு|பெங்களூரு]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|BLR}}), [[Wy/ta/கொல்கத்தா|கொல்கத்தா]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|CCU}}), [[Wy/ta/ஐதராபாது|ஐதராபாது]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|HYD}}), [[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|MAA}}) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/அகமதாபாத்|அகமதாபாத்]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|AMD}}) ஆகிய நகரங்களுக்கும் நீண்ட தூர சர்வதேச வானூர்திகள் பல இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]], [[Wy/ta/வட அமெரிக்கா|வட அமெரிக்கா]], [[Wy/ta/மத்திய கிழக்கு நாடுகள்|மத்திய கிழக்கு நாடுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்கா|ஆப்பிரிக்கா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/ஆத்திரேலியா|ஆத்திரேலியா]] ஆகிய பகுதிகளிலிருந்து இந்நகரங்களுக்குச் செல்ல பல நேரடி மற்றும் இணைப்பு விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. [[Wy/ta/மத்திய கிழக்கு|மத்திய கிழக்கு]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா|தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவிலிருந்து]] வரும் பயணிகளுக்கான பிற முக்கிய நுழைவிடங்களில் [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவா]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|GOI}} மற்றும் {{Wy/ta/IATA|GOX}}), [[Wy/ta/கேரளம்|கேரளத்தின்]] கடற்கரைப் பகுதி மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சமவெளிகள் (இந்தியா)|இந்தியச் சமவெளிப் பகுதிகள்]] ஆகியவை அடங்கும். மத்திய கிழக்கிலிருந்து [[Wy/ta/கொச்சி|கொச்சி]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|COK}}), [[Wy/ta/கோழிக்கோடு|கோழிக்கோடு]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|CCJ}}) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/திருவனந்தபுரம்|திருவனந்தபுரம்]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|TRV}}) போன்ற கேரளத்தின் கடற்கரை நகரங்களுக்குப் பல வானூர்திச் சேவைகள் உள்ளன. மத்திய கிழக்கின் பெரும்பாலான முக்கிய வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள், வளைகுடாப் பிராந்தியத்திலுள்ள தங்கள் மையங்களிலிருந்து இக்கடற்கரைப் பகுதிகளுக்கு ஒற்றை நிறுத்தத்துடன் கூடிய வானூர்திச் சேவைகளை வழங்குகின்றன. இந்தியச் சமவெளிப் பகுதிகளைப் பொறுத்தவரை, [[Wy/ta/இலக்னோ|இலக்னோ]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|LKO}}), [[Wy/ta/அமிர்தசரஸ்|அமிர்தசரஸ்]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|ATQ}}) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சண்டிகர்|சண்டிகர்]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|IXC}}) வழியாகவும் சில விமானச் சேவைகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. [[Wy/ta/மேற்கு இந்தியா|மேற்கு இந்தியாவில்]], [[Wy/ta/புனே|புனே]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|PNQ}}) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/செய்ப்பூர்|செய்ப்பூர்]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|JAI}}) ஆகியவையும் முக்கியமான வானூர்தி நிலையங்களாகத் திகழ்கின்றன. [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவா]] [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பியா|ஐரோப்பிய]] சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு மிகவும் விருப்பமான இடமாக இருப்பதால், ''காண்டோர்'' மற்றும் ''தாம்சன் ஏர்வேஸ்'' போன்ற பல ஐரோப்பிய தனித்து முழு உரிமையுடை வாடகை வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் அங்கு சேவைகளை வழங்குகின்றன. ==== வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் ==== சர்வதேச வானூர்தி சேவைகளை வழங்கும் இந்திய வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் பின்வருமாறு: * '''[https://www.airindia.com ஏர் இந்தியா]:''' இந்தியாவின் முதன்மை வானூர்தி நிறுவனமான இது, டாடா குழுமத்திற்குச் சொந்தமானது மற்றும் 'ஸ்டார் அலையன்ஸ்' கூட்டமைப்பின் உறுப்பினராக உள்ளது. தற்போது டாடா குழுமத்தின் கீழ் இது ஒரு பெரிய மாற்றத்திற்கு உட்படுத்தப்பட்டு வருகிறது. காலதாமதமான சேவைகள், சுகாதாரக் குறைபாடுகள் மற்றும் போட்டியாளர்களை விடக் குறைவான பாதுகாப்புத் தரம் ஆகியவற்றால் இது கடந்த காலத்தில் மோசமான நற்பெயரைக் கொண்டிருந்தது. * '''[https://www.goindigo.in இண்டிகோ]:''' 40-க்கும் மேற்பட்ட சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையங்களுக்குச் சேவையளிக்கும் ஒரு குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி நிறுவனம். இந்திய வானூர்திப் போக்குவரத்துத் துறையில் நல்ல நற்பெயர் கொண்ட நிறுவனங்களில் ஒன்றாகக் கருதப்படுவதோடு, சிறந்த பாதுகாப்புப் பதிவையும் கொண்டுள்ளது. * '''[https://www.spicejet.com ஸ்பைஸ்ஜெட்]:''' 13 சர்வதேச இடங்களுக்குச் சேவையளிக்கும் ஒரு குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி நிறுவனம். * '''[http://www.akasaair.com ஆகாசா ஏர்]:''' 5 சர்வதேச இடங்களுக்குச் சேவையளிக்கும் ஒரு குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி நிறுவனம். இந்திய வானூர்திப் போக்குவரத்துத் துறையிலேயே மிகத் துல்லியமான நேரத்தைக் கடைப்பிடிக்கும் வானூர்தி நிறுவனம் இதுவாகும். இந்த வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் உலகம் முழுவதிலும் உள்ள முக்கிய வானூர்தி நிலைய மையங்களிலிருந்து தினசரி வானூர்தி சேவைகளை வழங்குகின்றன. வானூர்தி நிலைய முனையத்திற்குள் நுழைவதற்கு முன்பாகவே, அச்சிடப்பட்ட வானூர்தி பயணச் சீட்டு, நுழைவுச் சீட்டு மற்றும் அடையாள அட்டை (கடவுச்சீட்டு, இந்தியக் கடல்கடந்த குடிமகன் ஆவண அட்டை, அல்லது ஆதார் அட்டை) ஆகியவற்றை நீங்கள் வைத்திருக்க வேண்டும். பெரும்பாலான இந்திய வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள், அனுமதிக்கப்பட்ட பயணச் சாமான்களின் எடையை அதிகரிப்பது அல்லது பயணத் தேதிகளை மாற்றுவது போன்றவற்றில் மிகவும் கடுமையான அல்லது வாடிக்கையாளர்களுக்குச் சாதகமற்ற கொள்கைகளைக் கொண்டுள்ளன. எனவே, உங்கள் பயணத்தில் ஏதேனும் மாற்றங்கள் தேவைப்படலாம் என்று கருதினால், முன்பதிவு செய்வதற்கு முன்பே அந்த நிறுவனத்தின் கொள்கைகளைச் சரிபார்ப்பது நல்லது. அமெரிக்கா மற்றும் கனடாவின் பல நகரங்களிலிருந்து நேரடி வானூர்தி சேவைகள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் லத்தீன் அமெரிக்காவிலிருந்து நேரடி வானூர்திகள் எதுவும் இல்லை. ஐரோப்பா மற்றும் காகசஸ் பகுதிகளிலிருந்து ஏராளமான விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. பயணச் சீட்டுக் கட்டணத்தைச் சேமிக்க, மத்திய கிழக்கு நாடுகள் வழியாகச் செல்லும் பயண வழிகளைப் பரிசீலிக்கலாம்; அங்கிருந்து ஏராளமான வானூர்தி சேவைகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. ஆசியாவின் பெரும்பாலான பகுதிகளிலிருந்து நல்ல இணைப்பு வசதிகள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் பாக்கித்தானிலிருந்து நேரடி வானூர்திகள் எதுவும் இல்லை. ஓசியானியா பகுதியைப் பொறுத்தவரை, ஆத்திரேலியாவிலிருந்து மட்டுமே நேரடி வானூர்திகள் உள்ளன. ஆப்பிரிக்காவைப் பொறுத்தவரை, முக்கிய நகரங்களிலிருந்து வானூர்தி சேவைகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. இந்தியாவிற்கு வந்தடைந்ததும் உங்கள் நுழைவுச் சீட்டு சரிபார்க்கப்படும் என்பதால், அதைத் தவறாமல் பத்திரமாக வைத்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள். தில்லி போன்ற சில இந்திய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில், கடவுச்சீட்டை ஸ்கேன் செய்வதன் மூலம் அருகலை (''Wi-Fi'') வசதியைப் பெறலாம் மற்றும் குறுகிய கால சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கான செறிவு அட்டைகளைப் பெறலாம்; ஆனால் பெரும்பாலான வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் அருகலை அல்லது செறிவு அட்டை வசதிகள் வழங்கப்படுவதில்லை. ==== விரைவு குடிவரவு வழிமுறை (''எப்டிஐ'') - நம்பகமான பயணித் திட்டம் (''டிடிபி'')==== [https://ftittp.mha.gov.in/fti/ '''எப்டிஐ‑டிடிபி''' ('''விரைவு குடிவரவு வழிமுறை – நம்பகமான பயணித் திட்டம்''')] என்பது அரசாங்கத்தால் அங்கீகரிக்கப்பட்ட பயணிகளுக்கான குடிவரவுச் சோதனைகளை விரைவுபடுத்தும் இந்தியாவின் ஒரு அமைப்பாகும். இணையம் வழியாக விண்ணப்பித்து அடையாளச் சரிபார்ப்பை நிறைவு செய்த பிறகு, பயணிகள் ''நம்பகமான பயணிகள்'' தரவுத்தளத்தில் சேர்க்கப்படுகிறார்கள். இத்திட்டத்தில் பங்கேற்கும் வானூர்தி நிலையங்களுக்கு அவர்கள் வரும்போது, ​​வழக்கமான வரிசைகளுக்குப் பதிலாக, இதற்கென ஒதுக்கப்பட்ட விரைவு குடிவரவுப் பாதைகளைப் பயன்படுத்தலாம். இப்பாதைகளில், தானியங்கி அமைப்புகள் மூலம் அவர்களின் கடவுச்சீட்டு மற்றும் உயிரியல் அளவீட்டு விவரங்கள் சரிபார்க்கப்படுகின்றன. இதனால் அவர்கள் வழக்கத்தை விட மிக விரைவாகக் குடிவரவு நடைமுறைகளை நிறைவு செய்ய முடிகிறது. அடிக்கடி பயணம் செய்பவர்கள், குடும்பங்கள் மற்றும் வருகையின்போது மிகவும் திறமையான மற்றும் எளிதான அனுபவத்தை விரும்புபவர்கள் ஆகியோருக்காக சர்வதேசப் பயணத்தை மென்மையாக்கும் வகையில் இது வடிவமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இது இந்தியா முழுவதும் உள்ள 13 முக்கிய சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் நடைமுறையில் உள்ளது. === படகில் ''அல்லது'' கப்பலில் === 2026-ஆம் ஆண்டில், இந்தியாவிற்கான சர்வதேச கடல்வழிப் பயணம் குறைந்த அளவிலேயே உள்ளது. தமிழ்நாடு மற்றும் வடக்கு இலங்கைக்கு இடையே இயக்கப்படும் '''நாகப்பட்டினம் – காங்கேசன்துறை இடையிலான படகுச் சேவை''' மட்டுமே திட்டமிடப்பட்ட ஒரே பயணிகள் சேவையாகும். இது பொதுவாக வாரத்திற்குப் பலமுறை இயக்கப்படுகிறது மற்றும் பயண நேரம் சுமார் நான்கு மணிநேரம் ஆகும். இந்தியாவிற்கு வேறு எந்த சர்வதேச பயணிகள் படகுச் சேவைகளும் இயக்கப்படுவதில்லை. இருப்பினும், இந்தியப் பெருங்கடல் மற்றும் அரபிக்கடல் வழித்தடங்களில் பயணிக்கும் சுற்றுலாப் பயணக் கப்பல்கள் பருவகால அடிப்படையில் இந்தியாவிற்கு வருகின்றன. [[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]], [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவா]] ([[Wy/ta/மர்மகோவா|மர்மகோவா]]), [[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]], [[Wy/ta/கொச்சி|கொச்சி]], [[Wy/ta/புதிய மங்களூரு|புதிய மங்களூரு]], [[Wy/ta/விசாகப்பட்டினம்|விசாகப்பட்டினம்]] மற்றும் அவ்வப்போது [[Wy/ta/ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம்|ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம்]] ஆகியவை கப்பல்கள் வந்து நிற்கும் முக்கிய துறைமுகங்களாகும். [[Wy/ta/இலட்சத்தீவுகள்|இலட்சத்தீவில்]] உள்ள [[Wy/ta/மினிக்காய் தீவு|மினிக்காய் தீவும்]] அனுமதிக்கப்பட்ட நுழைவிடமாக உள்ளது, இருப்பினும் அங்குள்ள வசதிகள் குறைவாகவே உள்ளன. கடல் வழியாக வரும் பயணிகள் இந்தியக் ''கடலோரக் காவல் படை'' மற்றும் குடியேற்றத் துறை நடைமுறைகளுக்குக் கட்டுப்பட வேண்டும்; இதில் அடையாளச் சரிபார்ப்பு மற்றும் சுங்கத்துறை சோதனைகள் ஆகியவை அடங்கலாம். வானூர்தி நிலையங்களை விட, குறிப்பாகச் சிறிய துறைமுகங்களில், இச்செயல்முறைகளுக்கு அதிக நேரம் ஆகலாம். === தொடருந்தில் === நேபாள இரயில்வேயால் இயக்கப்படும் தொடருந்துகள், [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளத்தின்]] தனுசா மாவட்டத்தில் உள்ள [[Wy/ta/கசூரி|கசூரி]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/பிகார்|பிகாரில்]] உள்ள ''செயநகர்'' ஆகிய இடங்களுக்கு இடையே சேவையில் உள்ளன. இவ்விரு இடங்களும் பயணிகளுக்குப் பெரிதாக ஈர்ப்பை ஏற்படுத்துவதில்லை என்பதாலும், அங்கிருந்து நேபாளத்தின் பிற பகுதிகளுக்குத் தொடர் பயண வசதிகள் இல்லாததாலும், பெரும்பாலான பயணிகள் பேருந்து அல்லது வானூர்திப் பயணத்தையே தேர்ந்தெடுக்கின்றனர். [[Wy/ta/வங்காளதேசம்|வங்காளதேசத்திலிருந்து]] இயக்கப்படும் தொடருந்துச் சேவைகள்: ''மைத்ரி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்'' ([[Wy/ta/டாக்கா|டாக்கா]] - [[Wy/ta/கொல்கத்தா|கொல்கத்தா]]), ''பந்தன் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்'' (குல்னா - கொல்கத்தா) மற்றும் ''மிதாலி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்'' (டாக்கா - [[Wy/ta/நியூ சல்பைகுரி|நியூ சல்பைகுரி]]). [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]] மற்றும் இந்தியா இடையிலான அனைத்து இரயில் சேவைகளும் 2019-ஆம் ஆண்டு முதல் நிறுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன. [http://www.indianrail.gov.in இந்தியத் தொடருந்து விசாரணை] இணையதளத்தில் நிலையங்களுக்கு இடையே எந்தெந்த தொடருந்துகள் உள்ளன என்பதை நீங்கள் தெரிந்துகொள்ளலாம். இருப்பினும், இணையம் வழியாக தொடருந்து பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்ய, இந்திய அரசின் இணையதளமான [https://www.india.gov.in/ இந்திய அரசின் அதிகாரபூர்வ இணையதளத்]-தைப் பயன்படுத்த வேண்டும். இந்தத் தளத்தின் மூலம் முன்பதிவு செய்ய, நீங்கள் பதிவு செய்துகொள்ள வேண்டும் (இதற்கு எவ்விதக் கட்டணமும் இல்லை); மேலும், உங்களுக்கு ஒரு கடனட்டை அல்லது பற்று அட்டை தேவைப்படும். தொடருந்து பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்யக் குறைந்தபட்சச் சேவைக்கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கும் பல பயண முகவர்களின் சேவைகளையும் நீங்கள் பயன்படுத்திக்கொள்ளலாம். === நிலவழி === ==== நேபாளம் ==== [[Wy/ta/காத்மாண்டு|காத்மாண்டு]], [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளம்]], பேருந்துகள் தினசரி எல்லையைக் கடக்கின்றன. வழக்கமாக [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]], [[Wy/ta/இலக்னோ|இலக்னோ]], [[Wy/ta/பட்னா|பட்னா]], [[Wy/ta/சிலிகுரி|சிலிகுரி]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/வாரணாசி|வாரணாசி]] ஆகிய இடங்களுக்குச் செல்லும். இருப்பினும், எல்லைக் கடக்கும் ஒரு பேருந்தையும் அங்கிருந்து மற்றொரு பேருந்தையும் எடுத்துச் செல்வது மலிவானது மற்றும் நம்பகமானது. எல்லைக் கடப்புகள் (இந்தியா/நேபாளம் பக்கம்) வாரணாசிக்கு சுனௌலி/பைரவா, [[Wy/ta/பட்னா|பட்னாக்கான]] ரக்சால்/பிர்கஞ்ச், கொல்கத்தா, [[Wy/ta/காகர்பிட்டா|காகர்பிட்டா]] சிலிகுரி மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/டார்ஜிலிங்|டார்ஜிலிங்]], மற்றும் தில்லிக்கு மகேந்திரநகர்-பன்பாசா. நேபாளத்துடனான அனைத்து எல்லைக் கடப்புகளும் ''சஷாஸ்த்ரா சீமா பாலின்'' அதிகார வரம்பிற்கு உட்பட்டவை, மேலும் எல்லைக் கடக்கும் செயல்முறையின் மூலம் உங்களுக்கு வழிகாட்டும் இந்த அதிகாரிகளுடன் நீங்கள் இணங்க வேண்டும். ==== பூட்டான் ==== [[Wy/ta/பூட்டான்|பூட்டான்]] அரசாங்கம் புயன்ட்சோலிங்கிலிருந்து ஒரு சேவையை இயக்குகிறது. இப்பயணத்திற்கு சுமார் 18 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். [[Wy/ta/சிலிகுரி|சிலிகுரிக்கும்]] புயன்ட்சோலிங்கிற்கும் இடையே அடிக்கடி சேவைகள் உள்ளன. ==== மியான்மார் ==== [[File:India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway.svg|thumb|300px|"இந்தியா-மியான்மார்-தாய்லாந்து முத்தரப்பு நெடுஞ்சாலை"யானது, மியான்மார் வழியாக இந்தியாவின் மணிப்பூர் மாநிலத்திலுள்ள மோரே நகரையும் தாய்லாந்தின் மே சோட் நகரையும் இணைக்கிறது. இதன் மூலம் 1,813 கி.மீ நீளமுள்ள "இம்பால்-மண்டலே-பாங்காக்" வழித்தடம் உருவாகிறது.]] [[Wy/ta/மியான்மார்|மியான்மார்]] நாட்டிலிருந்து '''மோரே/[[Wy/ta/தாமு|தாமு]]''' வழியாக நுழைவது சாத்தியமாகும். இதுவே இவ்விரு நாடுகளுக்கும் இடையே பயணிக்க இந்தியாவில் உள்ள மிகவும் மேம்பட்ட மற்றும் ஒரே வளர்ச்சியடைந்த பாதையாகும். இது '''இந்தியா-மியான்மார் நட்புச் சாலை''' மற்றும் '''இந்தியா-மியான்மார்-தாய்லாந்து முத்தரப்பு நெடுஞ்சாலை''' ஆகியவற்றின் வழித்தடமாகும். மியான்மாருடனான அனைத்து எல்லைக் கடப்புப் பகுதிகளும் '''அசாம் ரைப்பிள்ஸ்''' படையின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. எனவே, எல்லைக் கடப்பு நடைமுறைகளின்போது இராணுவ அதிகாரிகளின் வழிகாட்டுதல்களை நீங்கள் பின்பற்ற வேண்டியிருக்கும். ==== பாக்கித்தான் ==== [[Wy/ta/வாகா|வாகா]]/[[Wy/ta/அட்டாரி|அட்டாரி]], [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான் நிர்வகிக்கும் காசுமீர்|சக்கோதி]]/[[Wy/ta/ஊரி|ஊரி]], [[Wy/ta/பூஞ்சு பிரிவு|சக்கன் தா பாகு]]/[[Wy/ta/பூஞ்சு|பூஞ்சு]], [[Wy/ta/கசூர்|கசூர்]]/[[Wy/ta/பெரோசுபூர்|பெரோசுபூர்]], [[Wy/ta/பகாவல்நகர்|பகாவல்நகர்]]/[[Wy/ta/பட்டிண்டா|பட்டிண்டா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/லோங்கேவாலா|லோங்கேவாலா]] ஆகிய வழிகள் வழியாக நீங்கள் '''நுழைய முடியாது'''. இந்தியாவின் பாதுகாப்பு கவலைகள் காரணமாக இவை காலவரையின்றி மூடப்பட்டுள்ளன. எல்லைப் பதற்றம் காரணமாக, பாகித்தானுடனான எல்லைக் கடப்புப் பாதைகள் வழியாக வெளியேறுவதற்கும் உங்களுக்கு அனுமதி இல்லை. இந்த எல்லையிலிருந்து 10 கி.மீ சுற்றளவிற்குள் பயணம் செய்வதைத் தவிர்க்குமாறு பல நாடுகள் தொடர்ந்து அறிவுறுத்தி வருகின்றன. பாகித்தானுடனான அனைத்து எல்லைக் கடப்புப் பாதைகளும் '''எல்லைப் பாதுகாப்புப் படை'''யின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. எல்லைக் கடப்பு நடைமுறைகளின்போது வழிகாட்டும் அந்த அதிகாரிகளின் அறிவுறுத்தல்களை நீங்கள் பின்பற்ற வேண்டியிருக்கும். ==== வங்காளதேசம் ==== [[Wy/ta/வங்காளதேசம்|வங்காளதேசத்திலிருந்து]] இந்தியாவுக்குள் நுழைவதற்குப் பல தரைவழிப் பாதைகள் உள்ளன. இருப்பினும், எல்லைப் பகுதிகளில் அவ்வப்போது ஏற்படும் மோதல்கள் காரணமாக, இந்தியா-வங்காளதேச எல்லைக்குச் செல்லும்போது அங்குள்ள நிலவரத்தை முன்கூட்டியே சரிபார்க்குமாறு பல நாடுகள் அறிவுறுத்துகின்றன. வங்காளதேசத்துடனான அனைத்து எல்லைக் கடப்புப் பகுதிகளும் '''எல்லைப் பாதுகாப்புப் படை'''யின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. எனவே, எல்லைக் கடப்பு நடைமுறைகளின்போது அந்த அதிகாரிகளின் வழிகாட்டுதல்களை நீங்கள் பின்பற்ற வேண்டியிருக்கும். {{Wy/ta/Anchor|அரிதாசுபூர்-பெனாபோல் கிராசிங்}} டாக்காவிலிருந்து கொல்கத்தாவிற்கு, [[Wy/ta/பங்கான்|பங்கான்]] அருகே உள்ள [[Wy/ta/பெனாபோல்|'''பெட்ராபோல்-பெனாபோல்''']] எல்லைச் சாவடி வழியாக இயக்கப்படும் வழக்கமான குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட மற்றும் வசதியான பேருந்து சேவைகளே மிகவும் பொதுவான வழியாகும். [[Wy/ta/டாக்கா|டாக்காவிலிருந்து]] ''வங்காளதேச சாலை போக்குவரத்துக் கழக (BRTC)'' சிட்டையின் கீழ் ''ஷியாமோலி'' மற்றும் பிற நிறுவனங்களால் இயக்கப்படும் மற்றொரு தினசரி பேருந்து சேவை [[Wy/ta/சிலிகுரி|சிலிகுரியை]] இணைக்கிறது, ஆனால் இந்த வழித்தடத்தில் உள்ள பேருந்துகள் சங்ரபந்தா/புரிமாரி அல்லது புருங்மாரி எல்லைச் சாவடிகளைக் கடப்பதில்லை. டாக்காவிற்கும் [[Wy/ta/திரிபுரா|திரிபுராவின்]] தலைநகரான [[Wy/ta/அகர்தலா|அகர்தலாவிற்கும்]] இடையே ஒரு வழக்கமான பேருந்து சேவையும் உள்ளது. வங்காளதேசத்திலிருந்து மேற்கு வங்காளத்திற்குள் நுழைவதற்கான இலி, சிலாகதி/அல்திபாரி, பங்களாபந்த் எல்லைச் சாவடிகள்; மேகாலயாவில் உள்ள [[Wy/ta/சில்லாங்|சில்லாங்கிற்குச்]] செல்லும் வழித்தடத்திற்கான தமாபில் எல்லைச் சாவடி; மற்றும் வடகிழக்கு இந்தியப் பகுதிகளுக்கு அதிகம் அறியப்படாத வழித்தடங்களைக் கொண்ட வேறு சில இடங்களும் வங்காளதேசத்திலிருந்து மற்ற நுழைவிடங்களாகும். ==== சீனா ==== [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] மாநிலத்தில் உள்ள [[Wy/ta/நாது லா|'''நாது லா கணவாய்''']], [[Wy/ta/திபெத்|திபெத்]] எல்லையில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இந்தக் எல்லைப் பகுதி சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்குத் திறக்கப்படவில்லை. உள்ளூர் வணிகர்கள் மட்டுமே இதைக் கடந்து செல்ல அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறார்கள். இருபுறமிருந்தும் இந்தக் கணவாயைச் சென்று பார்க்கச் சிறப்பு அனுமதிகள் தேவைப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், வெளிநாட்டினர் இந்தியப் பகுதிக்குச் செல்ல அனுமதி இல்லை. திபெத் எல்லையில் அமைந்துள்ள [[Wy/ta/உத்தராகண்டம்|உத்தராகண்டம்]] மாநிலத்தின் '''லிபுலேக் கணவாய்''', முக்கியமாக [[Wy/ta/கயிலை மலை|கயிலை மலை]] மற்றும் மானசரோவர் ஏரிக்குச் செல்லும் இந்து, பௌத்த மற்றும் சமண மத பயணிகளுக்கான பாதையாகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. இக்கணவாய் திபெத்தில் உள்ள புரங் நகருக்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இதன் வழியாகச் செல்ல அனுமதிகள் தேவைப்படுகின்றன. திபெத் எல்லையில் உள்ள [[Wy/ta/இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசத்தின்]] '''சிப்கி லா கணவாய்''', எல்லை தாண்டிய சிறிய அளவிலான உள்ளூர் வர்த்தகத்திற்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. இப்பகுதி அப்பகுதியைச் சாராதவர்களுக்குத் திறக்கப்படவில்லை. எனவே, பெரும்பாலான மக்கள் [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளத்தில்]] உள்ள தரைவழிப் பாதைகள் மூலமாகவே பயணம் செய்கிறார்கள். சீனாவுடனான அனைத்து எல்லைக் கடப்புகளும் ''இந்தோ-திபெத்திய எல்லைக் காவல் படையின் (ஐடிபிபி)'' கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. எல்லைக் கடப்பு நடைமுறைகளின்போது வழிகாட்டும் இவர்களின் அறிவுறுத்தல்களை நீங்கள் பின்பற்ற வேண்டியிருக்கும். == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == இந்தியா ஒரு மிகப்பெரிய நாடு. இங்குப் பயணம் செய்வதற்குப் பல சுவையான வழிகள் உள்ளன. ஆனால், அவற்றில் பெரும்பாலானவற்றைத் திறமையானவை அல்லது நேரத்தைக் கச்சிதமாகக் கடைப்பிடிப்பவை என்று சொல்ல முடியாது. ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட நேரத்திற்குள் (உதாரணமாக, நீங்கள் ஊர் திரும்பும் வானூர்திப் பயணத்திற்கு) சென்றடைய வேண்டிய கட்டாயம் இருந்தால், பயணத்திற்குத் தாராளமான கூடுதல் நேரத்தை ஒதுக்குங்கள். அத்துடன், பயணத்தின் நோக்கத்தை அடைவது மட்டுமல்லாமல், அந்தப் பயணத்தை மேற்கொள்வதே அதில் உள்ள பாதி மகிழ்ச்சி என்பதையும் நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். [[Wy/ta/வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா|வடகிழக்கு இந்தியாவின்]] பெரும்பகுதி ([[Wy/ta/அசாம்|அசாம்]] மாநிலம் இதற்கு விதிவிலக்கு), [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சம்மு காசுமீர் (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)|சம்மு காசுமீர்]], [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கு|இலடாக்கு]], [[Wy/ta/இலட்சத்தீவுகள்|இலட்சத்தீவுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/இராசத்தான்|இராசத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/உத்தராகண்டம்|உத்தராகண்டம்]] ஆகியவற்றின் சில பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்ல '''பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட பகுதி அனுமதி''' அல்லது '''உள்-வரிசை அனுமதி''' பெற வேண்டியிருக்கும் ([[#உள்-வரிசை அனுமதி|கீழே உள்ள]] பகுதியைப் பார்க்கவும்). சாதாரண விசா வைத்திருக்கும் வெளிநாட்டினரைப் பொறுத்தவரை, இந்திய விசாவிற்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கும்போதே இந்த அனுமதிகளையும் கோருவது எளிதான வழியாகும்; அப்போது அவை உங்கள் விசாவிலேயே இணைக்கப்படும் (மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம் அல்லது மின்னணு-விசா வசதியைப் பயன்படுத்தும்போது இது சாத்தியமில்லை). இல்லையெனில், நீங்கள் உள்ளூர் உள்துறை அமைச்சக அலுவலகத்தைத் (மாவட்ட மாஜிஸ்திரேட் அலுவலகம் என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது) தேடிக் கண்டுபிடித்து, அதிகாரத்துவ நடைமுறைகளை எதிர்கொள்ள வேண்டியிருக்கும். உள்ளூர் பயண முகவர்கள் மூலமாகவும் இந்த அனுமதிகளைப் பெறலாம். ஆனால், பெரும்பாலும் அவர்களிடமே சுற்றுலாப் பயணத் திட்டத்தைப் பதிவு செய்வது இதற்கு நிபந்தனையாக இருக்கலாம். இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள் இந்த அனுமதிகளுக்கு இணையம் வழியாக விண்ணப்பிக்கலாம். === முகவரிகள் === நீங்கள் ஒரு இடத்திற்குச் செல்ல வேண்டுமென்றால், முன்கூட்டியே தொலைபேசியில் அழைத்து விரிவான வழிமுறைகளைக் கேட்டுத் தெரிந்துகொள்வது நல்லது. நகரங்களுக்கு வெளியே சாலைப் பெயர்ப் பலகைகள் அரிதாகவோ அல்லது இல்லாமலோ இருக்கலாம் என்பதை நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். முகவரிகளை எளிதாகக் கண்டறியும் வகையில், "பிரித்வி திரையரங்குக்கு எதிரில்", "மாருதி காட்சி அறைக்குப் பின்னால்" அல்லது "கோவில்/தேவாலயம்/மசூதி/வங்கி கிளை/காவல் நிலையம்/பள்ளிக்கு அருகில்" போன்ற முக்கிய அடையாளங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் முகவரிகளில் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டிருக்கும். மேற்கத்திய முகவரி முறையைப் போலன்றி, இந்திய முறையில் தெருப் பெயர் மற்றும் தொகுதி எண்ணுக்குப் பதிலாக, மனையின் எண் அல்லது வீட்டு எண் (சில சமயங்களில் வீட்டுப் பெயர்), தெரு அல்லது சாலையின் பெயர், அதைத் தொடர்ந்து முக்கிய அடையாளம் மற்றும் அஞ்சல் குறியீட்டு எண் ஆகியவை பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன. ஒரு இடத்தைக் கண்டறியச் சற்று தேட வேண்டியிருக்கலாம். ஆனால், அந்தப் பகுதியில் உங்களுக்கு வழிகாட்ட முன்வரும் யாரையாவது நீங்கள் நிச்சயம் காணலாம். பல நாடுகளைப் போலன்றி, இந்தியாவில் மக்கள் தெரு முகவரிகள் குறித்த வழிகாட்டுதலுக்கு வழிப்போக்கர்கள், அருகிலுள்ள கடைக்காரர்கள் அல்லது காவல்துறையினரை அணுகுவது வழக்கம். எனவே நீங்களும் அவ்வாறே செய்யலாம். மக்கள் உங்களுக்கு உதவ மகிழ்ச்சியுடன் முன்வருவார்கள். முக்கிய நகரங்களில் புவிநிலை காட்டி (''ஜிபிஎஸ்'') வசதியுடன் கூடிய கூகுள் நிலப்படங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் சிறப்பாகச் செயல்படும். இருப்பினும், சாலைப் பெயர்களின் எழுத்துப்பிழை அல்லது வரைபடத்தில் தவறான இருப்பிடக் குறிப்பு போன்ற காரணங்களால் சில நேரங்களில் அது துல்லியமாக இல்லாமல் போகலாம். ==== உள்-வரிசை அனுமதி ==== உள்-வரிசை அனுமதி என்பது, இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள் பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட அல்லது கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்கு உட்பட்ட பகுதிகளுக்குள் குறிப்பிட்ட காலத்திற்குச் சென்று வர இந்திய அரசால் வழங்கப்படும் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ பயண ஆவணமாகும். பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட மாநிலங்களுக்குள் நுழைவதற்கு, அந்த மாநிலங்களுக்கு வெளியேயுள்ள இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள் இத்தகைய அனுமதியைப் பெறுவது கட்டாயமாகும். இந்தியாவின் சர்வதேச எல்லைக்கு அருகிலுள்ள குறிப்பிட்ட சில பகுதிகளுக்கான நடமாட்டத்தைக் முறைப்படுத்துவதற்காக அரசின் முயற்சியாக இந்த ஆவணம் உருவாக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இது ஒரு பாதுகாப்பு நடவடிக்கையாகும்; மேலும் இது பின்வரும் மாநிலங்களுக்குப் பொருந்தும்: * [[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] — இதற்கான அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேச அரசுச் செயலாளரால் வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. அசாம் அல்லது நாகாலாந்துடனான மாநில எல்லைகளில் உள்ள சோதனைச் சாவடிகள் வழியாக அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேச மாநிலத்திற்குள் நுழைய இந்த அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் அவசியமாகும். முக்கிய நகரங்களில் உள்ள 'அருணாச்சல் பவன்' அலுவலகங்களில் இந்த அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகளைப் பெறலாம். குறிப்பிட்ட மாவட்டங்களுக்கென அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் வழங்கப்படுவதால், மாவட்ட நுழைவு அனுமதிகளுக்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கும் முன்பே உங்கள் பயணத் திட்டத்தை வகுத்துக்கொள்ள வேண்டும். ஒவ்வொரு மாவட்ட எல்லையிலும் உள்ள சோதனைச் சாவடிகள், உள்ளூர்வாசிகள் மற்றும் அனுமதிச் சீட்டு வைத்திருப்பவர்களை மட்டுமே அனுமதிக்கின்றன. * [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூர்]], [[Wy/ta/மிசோரம்|மிசோரம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/நாகாலாந்து|நாகாலாந்து]] — கட்டுப்பாடற்ற மக்கள் வருகையைத் தவிர்க்கும் பொருட்டு, இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள் குறிப்பிட்ட காலத்திற்குள் மாநிலத்திற்குள் நுழைவதை அனுமதிக்கும் வகையில் அந்தந்த மாநில அரசுகளால் இதற்கான அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. பெரும்பாலான வெளிநாட்டுச் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு இந்த அனுமதிச் சீட்டு தேவையில்லை; இருப்பினும், அவர்கள் மாநிலத்திற்கு வந்தடைந்த 24 மணி நேரத்திற்குள் காவல்துறையிடம் தங்களைப் பதிவு செய்துகொள்ள வேண்டும். வழக்கமாக உங்கள் தங்கும் விடுதியே இந்தப் பணியைச் செய்துவிடும் என்றாலும், அதை உறுதிப்படுத்திக்கொள்வது நல்லது. ஆப்கானித்தான், சீனா மற்றும் பாக்கித்தான் ஆகிய நாடுகளின் குடிமக்கள் அல்லது முன்னாள் குடிமக்கள் இப்பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்ல உள்துறை அமைச்சகத்திடமிருந்து சிறப்பு அனுமதி பெற வேண்டும். * [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] — இடைக்காலத்தில் பட்டுப் பாதையின் முக்கியப் பகுதியாகத் திகழ்ந்ததும், தற்போது இந்தியா-சீனா இடையிலான எல்லையின் ஒரு பகுதியாக அமைந்திருப்பதுமான [[Wy/ta/நாது லா|நாது லா]] கணவாய்க்குச் செல்ல அனுமதிச் சீட்டு தேவைப்படுகிறது. இக்கணவாய்க்குச் செல்ல வெளிநாட்டினருக்கு அனுமதி வழங்கப்படுவதில்லை. இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள் மட்டுமே இங்குச் செல்ல அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறார்கள். மேலும், [[Wy/ta/லாச்சுங்|லாச்சுங்]]-[[Wy/ta/லாச்சென்|லாச்சென்]] போன்ற உயரமான மலைப்பகுதிகள் மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/குருடோங்மார் ஏரி|குருடோங்மார் ஏரி]] ஆகிய இடங்களுக்குச் செல்வதற்கான அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகளை கேங்டாக்கிலிருந்து நேரடியாகப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம். இப்பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்ல வெளிநாட்டினரும் அனுமதிக்கப்படலாம். "சீரோ பாயிண்ட்" எனப்படும் மற்றொரு இடத்திற்கும் செல்ல அனுமதிச் சீட்டு தேவைப்படுகிறது. * [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]] — இந்தியர் அல்லாதவர்கள் இத்தீவுகளுக்குச் செல்ல ''கட்டுப்படுத்தப்பட்ட பகுதி அனுமதி'' பெற வேண்டும். தற்போது இவ்வனுமதி [[Wy/ta/ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம்|ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம்]], நீங்கள் கடல் வழியாக வருவதாக இருந்தால், [[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]] அல்லது இந்திய விசாவிற்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கும்போதே அதற்கான அனுமதியை முன்கூட்டியே பெற்றுக்கொள்ள வேண்டும். இந்தியக் குடிமக்களுக்கு அந்தமான் தீவுகளுக்குச் செல்ல அனுமதி தேவையில்லை. இருப்பினும், நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள் மற்றும் பிற பழங்குடியினப் பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்ல அனுமதி தேவைப்படுகிறது, மேலும் இத்தகைய அனுமதிகள் அரிதாகவே வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. === வானூர்தியில் === இந்தியாவின் பரந்த நிலப்பரப்பும், சீரற்ற சாலைகளும் வானூர்திப் பயணத்தை ஒரு நடைமுறைக்கு ஏற்ற விருப்பமாக்குகின்றது. குறிப்பாக, கடந்த சில ஆண்டுகளில் கட்டணங்கள் சரிந்துள்ளதால் இது சாத்தியமாகியுள்ளது. இந்தியாவின் கடலோரத் தீவுகள் மற்றும் தொலைதூர மலை மாநிலங்களுக்குக் கூட வானூர்திச் சேவைகள் வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. கடந்த சில ஆண்டுகளில் ஏற்பட்ட வானூர்திப் போக்குவரத்து வளர்ச்சியின் காரணமாக, வானூர்தி நிலையங்களால் இந்த வான் போக்குவரத்தைச் சமாளிக்க முடியவில்லை. பெரும்பாலான இந்திய வானூர்தி நிலையங்கள் ஒரே ஒரு ஓடுபாதை மற்றும் சில பயணிகள் ஏறும் வாயில்களுடன் தொடர்ந்து இயங்கி வருகின்றன. குறிப்பாக தில்லி மற்றும் மும்பையில், வருகைப் பதிவு மற்றும் பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனைக்கான வரிசைகள் மிகவும் நீளமாக இருக்கலாம். இந்தியா, ஐதராபாத்து மற்றும் பெங்களூருவில் இரண்டு புதிய சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையங்களைக் கட்டியுள்ளது. அவை நவீனமானவை மற்றும் சிறந்த வசதிகளுடன் கூடியவை. தில்லி வானூர்தி நிலையத்தில் புதிதாகக் கட்டப்பட்ட முனையம் 3, உலகின் 8-வது பெரிய முனையமாகும். வட இந்தியாவில், குறிப்பாக தில்லியில், '''கடுமையான குளிர்காலப் பனிமூட்டம்''' பயண அட்டவணைகளில் பெரும் பாதிப்பை ஏற்படுத்தக்கூடும். குறிப்பாக கிறிஸ்துமஸ் பண்டிகைக் காலத்திலும் சனவரி மாதத்திலும் இது நிகழ்ந்து, நாடு முழுவதும் மிகப்பெரிய தாமதங்களுக்கு வழிவகுக்கிறது. மலைகளில் உள்ள சிறிய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களுக்கு, குறிப்பாக ஆண்டின் பெரும்பாலான நாட்களில் வானூர்தி மூலம் மட்டுமே சென்றடையக்கூடிய இலடாக்கிலுள்ள [[Wy/ta/லே|லே]] போன்ற இடங்களுக்கு, வானூர்திப் போக்குவரத்து எப்போதுமே சீரற்றதாகவே இருக்கும். ==== வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் ==== [[File:IndiGo A320neo (VT-ITZ) @ GAU, Sept 2019 (02).jpg|thumb|இந்தியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய உள்நாட்டு வானூர்தி நிறுவனம் இன்டிகோ ஆகும். இது அதன் A320neo வானூர்தி.]] ஒரு காலத்தில், உள்நாட்டு வானூர்திச் சேவைகள் அரசுக்குச் சொந்தமான இந்தியன் ஏர்லைன்ஸ் நிறுவனத்தின் ஏகபோக உரிமையாக இருந்தன. ஆனால் நிலைமை இப்போது பெருமளவு மாறிவிட்டது. தற்போது பல போட்டியாளர்கள் களத்தில் உள்ளனர், மேலும் அவர்கள் பெரும்பாலும் மிகச் சிறந்த சேவைகளைச் சிறந்த கட்டணத்தில் வழங்குகின்றனர். இந்தியாவில் செயல்படும் வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் இவைதான். * [https://www.goindigo.in/ '''இன்டிகோ'''] – இந்தியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய வானூர்தி நிறுவனம். உள்நாட்டுச் சந்தையில் ஆதிக்கம் செலுத்தும் இது, நாடு முழுவதும் 88 நகரங்களை இணைக்கும் ஒரு குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி சேவையாகும். இது ஏர்பஸ் ''ஏ320'' மற்றும் ''ஏடிஆர்'' பிராந்திய ரக விமானங்களைக் கொண்ட நவீன விமானத் தொகுப்பைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. பல விமான நிறுவனங்களுடன் ''குறியீடு-பகிர்வு'' எனப்படும் கூட்டுச் சேவை ஒப்பந்தங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. * '''[https://www.airindia.com/ ஏர் இந்தியா]''' – இந்தியாவின் முதன்மை வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம். வரலாற்று ரீதியாக இது மோசமான நற்பெயரைக் கொண்டிருந்தாலும், தற்போது டாடா குழுமத்தால் புத்துயிர் அளிக்கப்பட்டு வருகிறது. இது நாடு முழுவதும் பரந்த வலையமைப்பைக் கொண்டுள்ளதோடு, சிறந்த பிராந்திய இணைப்பு வசதியையும் வழங்குகிறது. இது ''இசுடார் கூட்டணி'' அமைப்பின் உறுப்பினராக உள்ளது. * '''[https://www.airindiaexpress.in/ ஏர் இந்தியா எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்]''' – ஏர் இந்தியாவின் குறைந்த கட்டண துணை நிறுவனம். இது முக்கிய வழித்தடங்களிலும், வளைகுடா மற்றும் தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவில் உள்ள சர்வதேச இடங்களுக்கும் சேவைகளை வழங்குகிறது. * [https://www.spicejet.com/ '''ஸ்பைஸ்ஜெட்'''] – மற்றொரு குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம். இது சுமார் 34 உள்நாட்டு இடங்களுக்குச் சேவைகளை வழங்குகிறது. * '''[https://www.akasaair.com/ ஆகாசா ஏர்]''' – போயிங் 737 மேக்ஸ் ரக விமானங்களைக் கொண்டு 20 உள்நாட்டு இடங்களுக்குச் சேவைகளை வழங்கும் குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி நிறுவனம். இந்திய விமானப் போக்குவரத்துத் துறையில் மிகத் துல்லியமான நேரக் கட்டுப்பாட்டுடன் இயங்கும் நிறுவனம் இதுவாகும். * '''[https://www.allianceair.in/ அலையன்ஸ் ஏர்]:''' இந்தியாவின் அரசுக்குச் சொந்தமான வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம். இது சிறிய ரக வானூர்திகளைப் பயன்படுத்தி, அதிகம் அறியப்படாத இடங்களுக்குச் சேவைகளை வழங்குகிறது. * '''[http://www.starair.in/ இசுடார் ஏர்]''' – பெங்களூரைத் தலைமையிடமாகக் கொண்ட குறைந்த கட்டண பிராந்திய வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம்; இது சிறிய எம்பிரேயர் ஜெட் வானூர்திகளைக் கொண்டு பெரும்பாலும் தென்னிந்தியா மற்றும் மேற்கு இந்தியப் பகுதிகளில் உள்ள இடங்களுக்குச் சேவைகளை வழங்குகிறது. * '''[https://fly91.in/ பிளை91]''' – கோவாவைத் தலைமையிடமாகக் கொண்ட குறைந்த கட்டண பிராந்திய வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம். இது ஏடிஆர்-72 ரக வானூர்திகளைக் கொண்டு 8 இடங்களுக்குச் சேவைகளை வழங்குவதோடு, பல்வேறு நகரங்களையும் இணைக்கிறது. * '''[https://www.indiaoneair.com/ இந்தியா ஒன் ஏர்]''' – சிறிய நகரங்களை பெருநகரங்களுடன் இணைப்பதை நோக்கமாகக் கொண்ட ஒரு பிராந்திய வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம். ஒற்றை-இயந்திரம் கொண்ட வானூர்தியை இயக்கும் இந்தியாவின் முதல் திட்டமிடப்பட்ட விமான சேவை நிறுவனம் இதுவாகும். ====கட்டணங்கள்==== பெரும்பாலான இடங்களுக்குப் பல வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் சேவையை வழங்குவதால், பயணக் கட்டணங்கள் ஒப்பீட்டளவில் குறைவாகவும் நிலையானதாகவும் உள்ளன. இருப்பினும், வாரத்தின் வெவ்வேறு நாட்களில் சில முறை கட்டணங்களைச் சரிபார்ப்பது நல்லது. ₹500-க்கு வானூர்தி பயணச்சீட்டுகள் கிடைப்பதாக நீங்கள் கேள்விப்பட்டிருக்கலாம். ஆனால் அவை குறிப்பிட்ட எண்ணிக்கையிலான இருக்கைகளுக்கான சிறப்புச் சலுகை கட்டணங்கள் மட்டுமே, அவை சில நொடிகளிலேயே விற்றுத் தீர்ந்துவிடும். சில சமயங்களில், விளம்பரப்படுத்தப்படும் கட்டணத்தில் பயணிகள் சேவைக்கான கட்டணம், எரிபொருள் கூடுதல் கட்டணம் மற்றும் வரிகள் போன்றவை சேர்க்கப்படாமல் இருக்கலாம். இவை பின்னர் கூடுதலாகச் சேர்க்கப்படும். இருப்பினும், குறைந்த கட்டணத்தில் சேவை வழங்கும் விமான நிறுவனங்களிடமிருந்து நல்ல கட்டணத்தில் பயணச்சீட்டுகளைப் பெற முடியும். மேலே குறிப்பிடப்பட்ட குறைவான சேவைத் தொடர்புகள் காரணமாக, பெரிய நகரங்களுக்கான பயணக் கட்டணத்தை விடச் சிறிய நகரங்களுக்கான கட்டணம் அதிகமாக இருக்கும். அமெரிக்கா மற்றும் ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகளில் காணப்படுவது போன்ற மிகவும் சிக்கலான கட்டண முறைகள் இந்தியாவில் இன்னும் முழுமையாக நடைமுறைக்கு வரவில்லை என்றாலும், அத்தகைய முறையை நோக்கியே இங்கேயும் மாற்றங்கள் நிகழ்ந்து வருகின்றன. வார இறுதி நாட்களில் அதிக கட்டணம், இருவழிப் பயணங்களுக்குக் குறைந்த கட்டணம் அல்லது வார இறுதி நாட்களை ஒட்டிய ''சுற்றுப்பயணங்களுக்கு''க் குறைந்த கட்டணம் போன்ற விஷயங்களைப் பற்றி நீங்கள் கவலைப்படத் தேவையில்லை. ==== வருகைப் பதிவு ==== இந்திய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் வருகைப் பதிவு செயல்முறை பெரும்பாலும் மெதுவாகவே இருக்கும். இதில் நீண்ட வரிசைகள் மற்றும் பல கட்ட பாதுகாப்பு சோதனைகள் அடங்கும். உங்கள் பயணத்தை எளிதாக்க சில குறிப்புகள்: * முக்கிய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களிலிருந்து பயணம் செய்கிறீர்கள் என்றால், '''விமானம் புறப்படுவதற்கு குறைந்தது இரண்டு முதல் மூன்று மணி நேரத்திற்கு முன்னதாகவே''' அங்கு வந்து சேரவும். சிறிய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களிலிருந்து உள்நாட்டு வானூர்திகளில் பயணிப்பதாக இருந்தால், 60 அல்லது 90 நிமிடங்களுக்கு முன்னதாக வருவது போதுமானது. வானூர்தி புறப்படும் நேரத்திற்கு 45 நிமிடங்களுக்கு முன்னதாகவே வருகைப் பதிவு முடிந்துவிடும். அதேபோல், வானூர்தியில் ஏறும் வாயில் 25 நிமிடங்களுக்கு முன்னதாகவே மூடப்படும். வானூர்தி புறப்படுவதில் ஏற்படும் தாமதத்தைத் தவிர்க்க, இந்த விதிமுறைகள் இப்போது பரவலாகவும் கடுமையாகவும் அமல்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன. * முன்பெல்லாம் பயணிகள் தங்கள் வானூர்திப் பயணத்திற்குச் சில மணிநேரங்களுக்கு முன்னதாக மட்டுமே வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்குள் நுழைய அனுமதிக்கப்பட்டனர். ஆனால் இப்போது இந்த விதிமுறை தளர்த்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. எனவே, அதிகாலையில் வானூர்திப் பயணம் இருந்தால், நீங்கள் வானூர்தி நிலையத்திலேயே இரவு முழுவதும் தங்கலாம். * '''உங்கள் பயணச்சீட்டின் அச்சுப்பிரதி அல்லது மென்நகலை''' மற்றும் '''அரசு வழங்கிய அடையாள அட்டையை''' (உள்நாட்டு வானூர்திகளுக்கு இது பயன்படும், சர்வதேச வானூர்திகளுக்கு இது கட்டாயம் - ''டிஜி யாத்திரா'' பயன்படுத்தினால் இது தேவையில்லை) உடன் எடுத்து வரவும். இல்லையெனில், நீங்கள் வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்குள் நுழைய அனுமதிக்கப்படமாட்டீர்கள். வானூர்தி நிலைய நுழைவு வாயிலில் உள்ள பாதுகாப்புப் பணியாளர்கள் இவற்றை கட்டாயமாகச் சரிபார்த்து உறுதிப்படுத்துவார்கள். உங்களிடம் அச்சுப்பிரதியோ அல்லது மென்நகலோ இல்லையென்றால், நுழைவு வாயிலுக்கு வெளியே உள்ள வானூர்தி நிறுவன அலுவலகங்களில் நகலைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம். சில வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் இந்தச் சேவைக்குக் கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கத் தொடங்கியுள்ளன. * சில வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் '''டிஜி யாத்திரா''' வசதி உள்ளது (குறிப்பிட்ட இடங்களிலிருந்து புறப்படும் உள்நாட்டு வானூர்திகளுக்கு மட்டுமே இது கிடைக்கும்). இது வருகைப் பதிவு, பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனை மற்றும் வானூர்தியில் ஏறும் வாயில் போன்ற பல்வேறு இடங்களில், காகித வடிவிலான ஆவணங்கள் இல்லாமலேயே பயணிகளின் அடையாளத்தைச் சரிபார்க்க உதவுகிறது. டிஜி யாத்திரா செயலி மூலம் பதிவு செய்த பயணிகளுக்காக, வானூர்தி நிலைய நுழைவு, வருகைப் பதிவு மற்றும் பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனை ஆகிய இடங்களில் தனி வரிசைகள் 24 வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. டிஜி யாத்திராவில் பதிவு செய்ய உங்களுக்கு ''ஆதார் அட்டை'' தேவைப்படும். * பெரும்பாலான பழைய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களிலும், பெருநகரங்களுக்கு வெளியே உள்ள பல வானூர்தி நிலையங்களிலும், வருகைப் பதிவுக்கு முன்பாகவே (பொதுவாக நுழைவாயிலுக்கு அருகிலுள்ள ஒரு இடத்தில்) உங்கள் பயணப் பைகளை பரிசோதனைக்கு உட்படுத்த வேண்டும். சம்மு, சிறிநகர் அல்லது வடகிழக்கு மாநிலங்களில் உள்ள அதிக பாதுகாப்புள்ள வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில், வானூர்திக்குள் எடுத்துச் செல்லும் கைப்பைக்கும் கூட பரிசோதனை கட்டாயமாகும். அனைத்துக் கைப்பைகளும் ஊடுகதிர் ஸ்கேனர் மூலம் பரிசோதிக்கப்படும். அத்துடன் பாதுகாப்புப் பணியாளர்களின் விருப்பத்தின் பேரில், அவை நேரிடையாகவும் சோதிக்கப்படலாம். * '''வானூர்தி நிலையத்தின் வருகைப் பதிவுப் பகுதிக்குள் நுழைந்த பிறகு, உங்கள் வானூர்தி தாமதமானாலோ அல்லது ரத்து செய்யப்பட்டாலோ ஒழிய, நீங்கள் மீண்டும் வெளியேற முடியாது.''' எனவே, வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்குள் நுழைவதற்கு முன்பே உங்கள் அனைத்து வேலைகளையும் முடித்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள். மேலும், பாதுகாப்பான பயணத்திற்காக வானூர்தி புறப்படுவதற்கு பல மணிநேரங்களுக்கு முன்பே நீங்கள் அங்கு சென்றால், உள்ளே நேரத்தை எவ்வாறு பயனுள்ளதாகக் கழிப்பது என்பதை முன்கூட்டியே திட்டமிட்டுக்கொள்ளுங்கள். * '''உங்களுடன் எடுத்துச் செல்லும் ஒவ்வொரு கைப்பைக்கும் ஒரு பயணப்பைச் சிட்டை பெற்று, அதை அதில் இணைத்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள்.''' பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனைச் சாவடியில் உள்ள பணியாளர்கள் உங்கள் நுழைவுச் சீட்டு மற்றும் உங்கள் கைப்பைகளின் பயணப்பைச் சிட்டைகள் ஆகியவற்றில் முத்திரையிடுவார்கள். உங்கள் நுழைவுச் சீட்டை ஊடுகதிர் பெல்ட்டில் வைக்காதீர்கள். உலோக உணர்வி வழியாகச் செல்லும்போது அதை உங்களுடனேயே எடுத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனைப் பகுதியை விட்டு வெளியேறும் முன், இந்த முத்திரைகள் அனைத்தும் சரியாகப் பெறப்பட்டிருப்பதை உறுதிசெய்துகொள்ளுங்கள். முத்திரையிடப்பட்ட நுழைவுச் சீட்டு இல்லையென்றால், நீங்கள் வானூர்தியில் ஏற அனுமதிக்கப்படமாட்டீர்கள். அதேபோல், முத்திரையிடப்பட்ட பயணப்பைச் சிட்டை இணைக்கப்படாத பொருட்களை வானூர்திக்க்குள் எடுத்துச் செல்லவும் அனுமதிக்கப்படமாட்டாது. ஏதேனும் சந்தேகம் இருந்தால், தயங்காமல் மற்றவர்களிடம் கேளுங்கள். வானூர்தி நிலையப் பணியாளர்கள் பொதுவாகப் பயணிகளுக்கு மிகவும் உதவியாக இருப்பார்கள். அவர்களுக்குப் பொதுவாக ஆங்கிலம் புரியும். நீங்கள் உங்கள் வானூர்தியைத் தவறவிடாமல் இருப்பதை உறுதிசெய்ய அவர்கள் முழு முயற்சி எடுப்பார்கள். குறைவான உடைமைகளுடன் (அதாவது வருகைப் பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டிய பெரிய பைகள் இல்லாமல்) பயணிப்பவர்களுக்கெனத் தனி வரிசைகள் உள்ளன. இந்த வரிசைகளில் பொதுவாகக் கூட்டம் குறைவாகவே இருக்கும். வானூர்திக்குள் எடுத்துச் செல்ல அனுமதிக்கப்படும் உடைமைகள் குறித்த விதிமுறைகள் ஒவ்வொரு வானூர்தி நிறுவனத்திற்கும் மாறுபடும். எனவே, முன்னெச்சரிக்கை நடவடிக்கையாக உங்கள் வானூர்தி நிறுவனத்தின் இணையதளத்தில் இதுகுறித்த விவரங்களைச் சரிபாருங்கள். குறிப்பாகக் குறைந்த கட்டண விமான சேவையைப் பயன்படுத்தும்போது இதைச் செய்வது அவசியம். பொதுவாக, பெரும்பாலான வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்களில் 15 கிலோ வரையிலான உடைமைகளை இலவசமாகக் கொண்டு செல்ல அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறது. மிகவும் அரிதான சூழலில் ஏதேனும் வானூர்தி விபத்து ஏற்பட்டால், உதவிக்கு {{Wy/ta/Phone|1011}} என்ற எண் கொண்ட உதவி மையம் அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. === தொடருந்தில் === {{Wy/ta/Main|Wy/ta/இந்தியாவில் தொடருந்துப் பயணம்}} [[File:Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_(Victoria_Terminus).jpg|thumb|1878 முதல் 1887 வரையிலான காலகட்டத்தில் பம்பாயில் (தற்போது மும்பை) ''விக்டோரியா டெர்மினஸ்'' என்ற பெயரில் கட்டப்பட்ட [[Wy/ta/சத்திரபதி சிவாசி தொடருந்து நிலையம்|சத்திரபதி சிவாசி தொடருந்து நிலையம்]], ஆங்கிலோ-இந்தியக் கட்டிடக்கலைக்கு ஒரு குறிப்பிடத்தக்க எடுத்துக்காட்டாகும்.]] இந்தியா உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய தொடருந்து வலைப்பின்னல்களில் ஒன்றைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. தொடருந்து சேவை மிகவும் திறமையானது என்றாலும், தொடருந்துகள் பெரும்பாலும் சரியான நேரத்தில் வருவதில்லை. இந்திய தொடருந்தில் பயணம் செய்வது இந்தியாவின் நிலப்பரப்பையும் அழகையும் கண்டறியும் வாய்ப்பை அளிப்பதோடு, உள்நாட்டு வானூர்திப் பயணத்தை விட இது பொதுவாகக் குறைந்த செலவுடையதாகவும் உள்ளது. ஆடம்பரமான வசதிகள் முதல் சாதாரண வசதிகள் வரை பல்வேறு வகுப்புகள் இருப்பதால், நாட்டையும் அதன் மக்களையும் அறிந்துகொள்ள இதுவே சிறந்த வழியாகும். தொடருந்தில் பயணிக்கும் பெரும்பாலான பயணிகள் உங்கள் மீது ஆர்வம் காட்டுவதோடு, உங்களுடன் உரையாடி நேரத்தைச் செலவிடுவதில் மகிழ்ச்சியும் கொள்வார்கள். இரவு நேர துயிலுறை வசதி வகுப்பு கொண்ட தொடருந்தில் பயணிப்பது ஓட்டல் செலவை மிச்சப்படுத்தினாலும், சில வழித்தடங்களில் கூட்டம் அதிகமாக இருப்பதால் உங்கள் தூக்கம் அவ்வளவு வசதியாக இல்லாமல் போகலாம். அரிதாக நிகழக்கூடிய தொடருந்து விபத்து ஒன்றில் நீங்கள் சிக்கும் சூழல் ஏற்பட்டால், உதவிக்கான தொலைபேசி எண் {{Wy/ta/Phone|1011}} ஆகும். இந்தியாவில் தொடருந்துப் பயணம் பொதுவாகப் பாதுகாப்பானது என்றாலும், விபத்துகள் நிகழக்கூடும். கடந்த காலங்களில் இத்தகைய விபத்துகளால் உயிரிழப்புகளும் கடுமையான காயங்களும் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளன. உங்களுக்கு உதவி தேவைப்பட்டால், தொடருந்துகளிலும் தொடருந்து நிலையங்களிலும் காவல்துறையினரோ அல்லது பாதுகாவலர்களோ இருப்பார்கள் (அவர்கள் தொடருந்து பாதுகாப்புப் படையைச் (ஆர்பிஎஃப்) சேர்ந்தவர்கள் என்பதைத் தெளிவாக அடையாளம் காண முடியும்). ==== பயணிகள் தொடருந்துகள் ==== '''உள்ளூர் தொடருந்துகள்''' என்பவை ''இந்திய ரயில்வே''யால் இயக்கப்படும் பயணிகள் தொடருந்துகள் ஆகும். இவை முக்கிய நகரங்களைச் சுற்றியுள்ள ஊர்கள் மற்றும் புறநகர்ப் பகுதிகளை இணைக்கின்றன. தொடருந்து நிலையங்களின் நடைமேடைகளைப் போலவே, இந்த தொடருந்துகளும் பெரும்பாலும் அதிக நெரிசலுடன் காணப்படும். உள்ளூர் தொடருந்துகளில் பயணம் செய்யும்போது, ​​நிலையங்களிலும் தொடருந்துகளிலும் ஜேப்படி திருடர்கள் இருக்கக்கூடும் என்பதால் உங்கள் சுற்றுப்புறம் குறித்து விழிப்புடன் இருக்கவும். இருப்பினும், இந்த தொடருந்துகளைச் சுற்றி ஒரு தனித்துவமான பண்பாடு நிலவுகிறது. பெரும்பாலான முக்கிய நகரங்களில் ''பெருநகர்த் தொடரி'' மற்றும் ''இலகுத் தொடரி'' சேவைகள் உள்ளன. இவை பாதுகாப்பானவை மற்றும் முறையான காவல் கண்காணிப்புக்கு உட்பட்டவை. தொடருந்துகள் மற்றும் நிலையங்களில் மறைகாணிகள் பொருத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன, மேலும் நன்கு பயிற்சி பெற்ற பணியாளர்கள் பணியில் உள்ளனர். இவற்றின் தரம் மேற்கத்திய நாடுகளுக்கு இணையானதாக உள்ளது. இருப்பினும், குறிப்பாக மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் மிகுந்த நேரங்களில் கூட்ட நெரிசல் ஏற்பட வாய்ப்புள்ளது. உள்ளே செல்வதற்கு முன், நீங்கள் ஒரு விரைவான பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனையை மேற்கொள்ள வேண்டியிருக்கலாம். பெண் பயணிகளுக்காக உள்ளூர் தொடருந்துகளில் பெண்களுக்கு மட்டுமான பெட்டிகள் உள்ளன (அவை எங்குள்ளன என்பதைச் சரிபார்க்கவும். தொடருந்தின் ஜன்னல்களில் அதற்கான குறியீடுகள் இருக்கும்). ==== வழக்கமான தொடருந்துகள் ==== [[File:Chennai train station.jpg|thumb|புரட்சித் தலைவர் டாக்டர் எம்.ஜி.ஆர். சென்னை மத்தியத் தொடருந்து நிலையம், [[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]]]] ==== பயணச்சீட்டு முன்பதிவு ==== ==== உணவு ==== === வாடகை மகிழுந்தில் === === பேருந்தில் === === மகிழுந்தில் === ==== வாடகை மகிழுந்தை தானே செலுத்துதல் ==== ==== ஓட்டுநருடன் கூடிய வாடகை மகிழுந்து ==== === விசையுந்தில் === === பெருவிரல் செய்கையால் ==== === இழுவண்டியில் === === படகில் === == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக் கொள்ளுங்கள் == == பணியாற்றுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆசிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q668}} {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தெற்கு ஆசியா}} pr5go6aoc8teuycedgdzh1sdgingu73 7386704 7386701 2026-11-10T08:49:53Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 /* புரிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள் */ 7386704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|TajMahal Banner.jpg|caption=தாஜ் மகால்|pgname=இந்தியா|origin=0,0}} '''இந்தியா''' ([[Wy/ta/இந்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|இந்தி]]: भारत ''பாரத்''), [[Wy/ta/தெற்கு ஆசியா|தெற்கு ஆசியாவின்]] மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகும். உலகின் மிக உயர்ந்த மலைகள், அதிக மக்கள் தொகை கொண்ட நகரங்கள் மற்றும் மிக நீண்ட நதிகள் பலவற்றைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. பண்டைய உலகின் மாபெரும் நாகரிகங்களில் ஒன்றாகத் திகழ்ந்ததும், ஒரு காலத்தில் 'பொன்னிறப் பறவை' எனப் போற்றப்பட்டதுமான இந்தியாவின் மரபும் பண்பாடும், கடந்த காலத்தையும் நிகழ்காலத்தையும் இணைக்கும் ஒரு செழுமையான கலவையாக விளங்குகின்றன. உலகின் அதிக மக்கள் தொகை கொண்ட இந்த பரந்த நாடு, பயணிகளுக்குப் பிரமிக்க வைக்கும் சமயங்கள் மற்றும் இனவியல் கூறுகள், மொழிகளின் ஒரு பெரும் தொகுப்பு, பலவிதமான உணவு வகைகள், அத்துடன் ஆயிரக்கணக்கான ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பு கட்டப்பட்டு இன்றும் சிதையாமல் நிற்கும் கட்டிடக்கலைச் சான்றுகள் ஆகியவற்றைக் காணும் வாய்ப்பை வழங்குகிறது. உலகமயமாக்கப்பட்ட சூழலுக்குள் இந்நாடு தன்னைத் திறந்துகொண்டிருந்தாலும், இங்கு வருகை தரும் பலரையும் வியப்பிலும் ஈர்ப்பிலும் ஆழ்த்தும் வரலாற்று ஆழத்தையும் பண்பாட்டுச் செழுமையையும் இந்தியா இன்றும் தன்னகத்தே கொண்டுள்ளது. இந்திய நாகரிகம் வரலாறு முழுவதும் பெரும் செல்வாக்கு செலுத்தி வந்துள்ளது. [[Wy/ta/தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா|தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவின்]] பல பண்பாடுகள் வலுவான இந்தியத் தாக்கங்களை வெளிப்படுத்துகின்றன. பௌத்த மதத்தின் பரவல் வாயிலாக, சில இந்தியத் தாக்கங்கள் கிழக்கு ஆசியப் பண்பாடுகளிலும் ஊடுருவியுள்ளன. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == இந்தியா நிர்வாக ரீதியாக 28 மாநிலங்கள் மற்றும் 8 ஒன்றியப் பகுதிகளாக பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. மாநிலங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் மொழி அடிப்படையில் வரையறுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. அவை அளவில் வேறுபடுகின்றன. பெரிய மாநிலங்கள் [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பாவின்]] சில நாடுகளை விடப் பெரியதாகவும், அதிக பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்டதாகவும் உள்ளன. ஒன்றியப் பகுதிகள் பொதுவாக மாநிலங்களை விட மிகவும் சிறியவை — சில சமயங்களில் அவை ஒரே ஒரு நகரமாக மட்டுமே இருக்கும். மேலும், அவற்றுக்கு மிகக் குறைந்த சுயாட்சியே உண்டு. இந்தியாவின் பிரதான நிலப்பரப்பிற்கு அப்பால் இரண்டு தீவுச் சங்கிலிகள் உள்ளன – [[Wy/ta/வங்காள விரிகுடா|வங்காள விரிகுடாவில்]] உள்ள [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]] மற்றும் அரபிக்கடலில் உள்ள [[Wy/ta/இலட்சத்தீவுகள்|இலட்சத்தீவுகள்]]. மாநிலங்களும் யூனியன் பிரதேசங்களும் மரபுரீதியாகப் பின்வரும் மண்டலங்களாக வகைப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன: {{Wy/ta/Regionlist | regionmap=India Wikivoyage map.svg | regionmaptext=இந்தியாவின் பிராந்தியங்கள் மற்றும் மாநிலங்களின் வரைபடம் | regionInteractiveMap=map1 | regionmapsize=400px | region1name=[[Wy/ta/வடக்கு இமயமலை|வடக்கு இமயமலை]] | region1color=#d5b66b | region1items=[[Wy/ta/சம்மு காசுமீர் (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)|சம்மு காசுமீர்]], [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கு|இலடாக்கு]], [[Wy/ta/இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/உத்தராகண்டம்|உத்தராகண்டம்]] | region1description=மலைகள் நிறைந்த அழகிய இப்பகுதி, சாகச விரும்பிகள் மற்றும் ஆன்மீக நாட்டம் கொண்டவர்களுக்கான ஒரு சுற்றுலாத் தலமாகும். இந்தியாவில் அதிகம் பார்வையிடப்படும் மலைவாசஸ்தலங்கள் மற்றும் புனிதத் தலங்கள் சில இப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளன. | region2name=[[Wy/ta/சமவெளிகள் (இந்தியா)|சமவெளிகள்]] | region2color=#d5dc76 | region2items=[[Wy/ta/பஞ்சாப் (இந்தியா)|பஞ்சாப்]], [[Wy/ta/அரியானா|அரியானா]], [[Wy/ta/உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்|உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/பிகார்|பிகார்]], [[Wy/ta/சண்டிகர்|சண்டிகர்]], [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]] | region2description=இந்தியாவின் 'தானியக் களஞ்சியம்' என்று அழைக்கப்படும் இப்பகுதி, புனித நதிகளான கங்கை, யமுனை மற்றும் அவற்றின் துணை ஆறுகளால் நீர்ப்பாசனம் பெறுகிறது. நாட்டின் தலைநகரான [[Wy/ta/புது தில்லி|புது தில்லி]], ''தாஜ் மகால்'' அமைந்துள்ள [[Wy/ta/ஆக்ரா|ஆக்ரா]], மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மதுரா|மதுரா]], [[Wy/ta/பிரயாக்ராஜ்|பிரயாக்ராஜ்]], [[Wy/ta/வாரணாசி|வாரணாசி]], [[Wy/ta/போத் கயா|போத் கயா]], [[Wy/ta/அமிர்தசரசு|அமிர்தசரசு]] போன்ற புனித நகரங்களும் இப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளன. இந்தியாவின் வரலாற்றை வடிவமைத்த பல முக்கிய நிகழ்வுகள் இப்பகுதியிலேயே நடைபெற்றன. | region3name=[[Wy/ta/மேற்கு இந்தியா|மேற்கு இந்தியா]] | region3color=#71b37b | region3items=[[Wy/ta/இராசத்தான்|இராசத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/குசராத்து|குசராத்து]], [[Wy/ta/மகாராட்டிரம்|மகாராட்டிரம்]], [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவா]], [[Wy/ta/தாத்ரா மற்றும் நகர் அவேலி, மற்றும் தமண் மற்றும் தீவ்|தாத்ரா மற்றும் நகர் அவேலி, மற்றும் தமண் மற்றும் தீவ்]] | region3description= பரந்து விரிந்த தார் பாலைவனம்; இராசத்தானின் வண்ணமயமான அரண்மனைகள், கோட்டைகள் மற்றும் நகரங்கள்; நாட்டின் மிகவும் துடிப்பான மற்றும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமான [[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]]; மகாராட்டிரத்தில் உள்ள அஜந்தா மற்றும் எல்லோரா குகைகளின் பிரமிக்க வைக்கும் பாறைச் சிற்பங்கள்; தூய்மையான காடுகள்; [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவாவின்]] அற்புதமான கடற்கரைகள்; [[Wy/ta/குசராத்து|குசராத்தின்]] கிர் காடுகளில் உள்ள ஆசியச் சிங்கங்கள்; மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/அகமதாபாது|அகமதாபாது]], [[Wy/ta/சூரத்து|சூரத்து]], [[Wy/ta/செய்ப்பூர்|செய்ப்பூர்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/புனே|புனே]] போன்ற வேகமாக வளர்ந்து வரும் நகரங்கள் ஆகியவற்றை இது கொண்டுள்ளது. | region4name=[[Wy/ta/மத்திய இந்தியா|மத்திய இந்தியா]] | region4color=#8a84a3 | region4items=[[Wy/ta/சத்தீசுகர்|சத்தீசுகர்]], [[Wy/ta/மத்தியப் பிரதேசம்|மத்தியப் பிரதேசம்]] | region4description=அற்புதமான மற்றும் துடிப்பான நிலப்பரப்பைக் கொண்ட இப்பகுதி, அலை அலையான மலைகள், கண்கவர் அருவிகள் மற்றும் செழிப்பான வனவிலங்குகள் முதல் பாரம்பரியக் கட்டிடக்கலை, பழங்குடியினரின் பண்பாட்டுப் பாரம்பரியம் மற்றும் நவீன எஃகுத் தொழில் வரை அனைத்தையும் தன்னகத்தே கொண்டுள்ளது. இது விந்திய மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சத்புரா மலைத்தொடர்கள்|சத்புரா மலைத்தொடர்கள்]], [[Wy/ta/ஜெகதல்பூர்|சித்திரகூட அருவி]], வரலாற்றுக்கு முந்தைய காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த [[Wy/ta/பீம்பேட்கா பாறை வாழிடங்கள்|பீம்பேட்கா பாறை வாழிடங்கள்]], [[Wy/ta/கசுராகோ நினைவுச்சின்னங்களின் தொகுதி|கசுராகோவின் கலைநயமிக்க சிற்பங்கள்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/பிலாய்-துர்க் தொழிற்பகுதி|பிலாய்-துர்க் தொழிற்பகுதி]] ஆகியவற்றின் தாயகமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. | region5name=[[Wy/ta/கிழக்கு இந்தியா|கிழக்கு இந்தியா]] | region5color=#4da9c4 | region5items=[[Wy/ta/சார்க்கண்டு|சார்க்கண்டு]], [[Wy/ta/ஒடிசா|ஒடிசா]], [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]], [[Wy/ta/மேற்கு வங்காளம்|மேற்கு வங்காளம்]] | region5description=பொருளாதார ரீதியாகக் குறைவாக வளர்ச்சியடைந்திருந்தாலும், கலாச்சார ரீதியாகச் செழுமையானதும், வெளியிலிருந்து வருவோரை மிகவும் அன்புடன் வரவேற்கும் தன்மையுடையதுமான பகுதியாகும் இது. பிரித்தானிய இந்தியாவின் தலைநகராக ஒருகாலத்தில் திகழ்ந்த [[Wy/ta/கொல்கத்தா|கொல்கத்தா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/பூரி|பூரி]], [[Wy/ta/புவனேஸ்வர்|புவனேஸ்வர்]], [[Wy/ta/கோனார்க்கு|கோனார்க்கு]] ஆகிய கோயில் நகரங்கள் இப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளன. மலைப்பகுதிகள் முதல் கடற்கரை வரை இப்பகுதி பரவியிருப்பதால், இங்குள்ள காலநிலையில் சுவாரஸ்யமான வேறுபாடுகள் காணப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், நாட்டின் மிகப்பெரிய மற்றும் வளமான சுரங்கங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ள இப்பகுதி, இந்தியாவின் கனிம வளக் களஞ்சியமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. | region6name=[[Wy/ta/வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா|வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா]] | region6color=#d56d76 | region6items=[[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/அசாம்|அசாம்]], [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூர்]], [[Wy/ta/மேகாலயா|மேகாலயா]], [[Wy/ta/மிசோரம்|மிசோரம்]], [[Wy/ta/நாகாலாந்து|நாகாலாந்து]], [[Wy/ta/திரிபுரா|திரிபுரா]] | region6description=செழிப்பான மற்றும் அழகான நிலப்பரப்புகள், இந்தோ-மலேயப் பகுதியைச் சார்ந்த தனித்துவமான தாவர மற்றும் விலங்கினங்கள், மற்றும் புகழ்பெற்ற தேயிலைத் தோட்டங்கள் ஆகியவற்றைக் கொண்ட இப்பகுதி, நாட்டின் பழங்குடியினர் வசிக்கும் ஒரு தனித்துவமான மற்றும் பெரும்பாலும் மனிதத் தலையீடற்ற பகுதியாகும். இது "ஏழு சகோதரிகள்" என்று பரவலாக அறியப்படும் ஏழு மாநிலங்களை உள்ளடக்கியது. உலகின் மிகப் பழமையான போலோ மைதானம், உலகின் ஒரே மிதக்கும் தேசியப் பூங்கா, பெண்களால் மட்டுமே நடத்தப்படும் உலகின் ஒரே சந்தை மற்றும் உலகின் மிக உயரமான ''செடிக் கத்தரிப்புக்கலை'' தாவரம் ஆகியவற்றை [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூரில்]] காணலாம். மேகாலயா மாநிலம் அதன் வசீகரிக்கும் சூழல் காரணமாக ''இந்தியாவின் ஸ்காட்லாந்து'' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. | region7name=[[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்தியா]] | region7color=#b383b3 | region7items=[[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்|ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/கருநாடகம்|கருநாடகம்]], [[Wy/ta/கேரளம்|கேரளம்]], [[Wy/ta/இலட்சத்தீவுகள்|இலட்சத்தீவுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/புதுச்சேரி (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)|புதுச்சேரி]], [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]], [[Wy/ta/தெலங்காணா|தெலங்காணா]] | region7description=இப்பகுதியில் புகழ்பெற்ற மற்றும் வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க கோயில்கள், வெப்பமண்டலக் காடுகள், உப்பங்கழிகள், கடற்கரைகள், மலைவாசஸ்தலங்கள், [[Wy/ta/பெங்களூரு|பெங்களூரு]], [[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/ஐதராபாது (இந்தியா)|ஐதராபாது]] ஆகிய மூன்று முக்கிய நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற சிறிய நகரங்கள் ஆகியவை அமைந்துள்ளன. [[Wy/ta/மைசூரு|மைசூரு]] நகரம், குறிப்பாக மைசூர் அரண்மனை போன்ற அரண்மனைகளுக்கு உலகப் புகழ்பெற்றது. வசதிக்காக இப்பகுதியுடன் இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ள அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள் (கிழக்கே) மற்றும் லட்சத்தீவுகள் (மேற்கே) ஆகிய தீவுக்கூட்டங்கள், பிரதான நிலப்பகுதியிலிருந்து வெகு தொலைவில் அமைந்து தனித்துவமான சிறப்பியல்புகளைக் கொண்டுள்ளன; இவை அழகான கடற்கரைகளுக்கும், வழக்கமான சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களிலிருந்து மாறுபட்ட அனுபவத்தை விரும்புவோருக்கான இடமாகவும் அறியப்படுகின்றன. }} ==நகரங்கள்== <!--நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற இடங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் அதிகபட்சம் 9 இடங்களுக்கு மட்டுமே வரையறுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. முன்மொழியப்பட்ட மாற்றங்கள் குறித்து முதலில் இந்தப் பக்கத்தின் கலந்துரையாடல் பக்கத்தில் விவாதிக்கவும்.--> இவை இந்தியாவின் மிக முக்கியமான நகரங்களில் சிலவாகும். பிற நகரங்களை அவற்றின் குறிப்பிட்ட மண்டலங்களின் கீழ் காணலாம். [[File:Mumbai 03-2016 40 Bombay High Court.jpg|thumb|[[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]] பல பழைய பண்பாட்டு மதிப்பீடுகளைக் கொண்டுள்ள புதுக் கூர்மாடப் பாணி அதிசயங்களின் இருப்பிடமாகத் திகழ்கிறது.]] * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]]|wikidata=Q1353}} — இந்தியாவின் தலைநகரம் மற்றும் வட இந்தியாவின் இதயம் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/பெங்களூரு|பெங்களூரு]]|wikidata=Q1355}} (''பேங்களூர்'') — அழகான பூங்கா நகரம்; ஒரு காலத்தில் ஓய்வூதியம் பெறுவோர் அமைதியாக வாழ்ந்த இடமாக இருந்தது, இப்போது உயர் தொழில்நுட்ப நிறுவனங்கள் மற்றும் பல மதுக்கூடங்கள் நிறைந்த தகவல் தொழில்நுட்ப மையமாக மாறியுள்ளது. * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]]|wikidata=Q1352}} (''மெட்ராஸ்'') — தென் இந்தியாவின் முக்கிய துறைமுகம், கலாச்சார மையம் மற்றும் இந்தியாவின் வாகனத் தொழில்துறைத் தலைநகரம் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/ஐதராபாது (இந்தியா)|ஐதராபாது]]|wikidata=Q1361}} — முத்து மற்றும் வைர வர்த்தகம் மற்றும் பாரம்பரிய இந்திய அரிசி உணவான 'பிரியாணி'க்கு பெயர் பெற்றது; தற்போது முக்கிய உற்பத்தி மற்றும் நிதி நிறுவனங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/செய்ப்பூர்|செய்ப்பூர்]]|wikidata=Q66485}} — ''இளஞ்சிவப்பு நகரம்''; இடைக்கால வட இந்தியாவின் இந்து ராஜபுத்திர கலாச்சாரத்தின் முக்கிய அடையாளமாகத் திகழ்கிறது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/கொல்கத்தா|கொல்கத்தா]]|wikidata=Q1348}} (''கல்கத்தா'') — இந்தியாவின் கலாச்சாரத் தலைநகரம்; 'மகிழ்ச்சியின் நகரம்' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது மற்றும் பல காலனித்துவ கால கட்டிடங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]]|wikidata=Q1156}} (''பம்பாய்'') — இந்தியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய நகரம் மற்றும் நிதித் தலைநகரம்; ''எப்போதும் உறங்காத நகரம்'' மற்றும் இந்தித் திரைப்படத் துறையான ''பாலிவுட்''-இன் தாயகம் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/சிம்லா|சிம்லா]]|wikidata=Q83786}} — இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசத்தின் தலைநகரம்; கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 2 கி.மீ-க்கும் அதிகமான உயரத்தில் இமயமலையில் அமைந்துள்ளது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/வாரணாசி|வாரணாசி]]|wikidata=Q79980}} (''பனாரசு'') — இந்துக்களின் மிகப்புனிதமான நகரமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது; கங்கை நதிக்கரையில் அமைந்துள்ளது மற்றும் உலகின் மிகப்பழமையான, தொடர்ந்து மக்கள் வசித்து வரும் நகரங்களில் ஒன்றாகும் == பிற சேருமிடங்கள் == <!--நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற இடங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் 9 உருப்படிகளுக்குள் மட்டுமே இருக்க வேண்டும். முன்மொழியப்பட்ட மாற்றங்களை முதலில் இந்தப் பக்கத்தின் கலந்துரையாடல் பக்கத்தில் விவாதிக்கவும்.--> இந்தியாவில் பல சிறப்பான அடையாளங்களும், ஈடு இணையற்ற அழகு வாய்ந்த இடங்களும் உள்ளன. அவற்றில் குறிப்பிடத்தக்க சில இங்கே: *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/போத் கயா|போத் கயா]]|wikidata=Q176767}} — மகாபோதி கோயில் உள்ளிட்ட முக்கிய கோயில் வளாகம்; சாக்கியமுனி புத்தர் ஞானம் பெற்ற இடம் இதுவாகும். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/எல்லோரா|எல்லோரா]]|wikidata=Q189616}} மற்றும் *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/அசந்தா|அசந்தா]]|wikidata=Q184427}} — பாறையைக் குடைந்து அமைக்கப்பட்ட அற்புதமான குகை மடாலயங்கள் மற்றும் கோயில்கள்; பௌத்தர்கள், சமணர்கள் மற்றும் இந்துக்களுக்கான புனிதத் தலங்கள். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[அமிர்தசரசு#பொற்கோயில்|பொற்கோயில்]]|wikidata=Q180422}} — [[Wy/ta/அமிர்தசரசு|அமிர்தசரசு]] நகரில் உள்ள சீக்கியர்களின் புனிதத் தலம். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/அம்பி (கருநாடகா)|அம்பி]]|wikidata=Q26732}} — விஜயநகரப் பேரரசின் பிரமிக்க வைக்கும் இடிபாடுகள். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/கசுராகோ|கசுராகோ]]|wikidata=Q178948}} — காமக் கலைச் சிற்பங்களுக்குப் புகழ்பெற்ற கோயில் வளாகங்கள். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/கொனார்க்கு|கொனார்க்கு]]|wikidata=Q749189}} — சூரியக் கோயில்; கலிங்கக் கட்டிடக்கலைக்கு ஒரு தனித்துவமான எடுத்துக்காட்டு மற்றும் {{Wy/ta/UNESCO World Heritage Site}}. *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/மதுரை#மீனாட்சி அம்மன் கோயில்|மீனாட்சி கோயில்]]|wikidata=Q1424358}} — [[Wy/ta/மதுரை|மதுரையில்]] உள்ள ஒரு அற்புதமான இந்து கோயில். *{{Wy/ta/Marker|type=other|name=[[Wy/ta/ஆக்ரா#தாஜ் மகால்|தாஜ் மகால்]]|wikidata=Q9141}} — [[Wy/ta/ஆக்ரா|ஆக்ராவில்]] உள்ள இணையற்ற சலவைக்கல் கல்லறை; நவீன உலகின் ஏழு அதிசயங்களில் ஒன்று. *'''[[Wy/ta/பிருந்தாவனம்|பிருந்தாவனம்]]''' <!--நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற இடங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் 9 உருப்படிகளுக்குள் மட்டுமே இருக்க வேண்டும். முன்மொழியப்பட்ட மாற்றங்களை முதலில் இந்தப் பக்கத்தின் கலந்துரையாடல் பக்கத்தில் விவாதிக்கவும்.--> == புரிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள்== இந்தியா, நல்ல விதத்திலும் கெட்ட விதத்திலும், மனதைக் கவரும் ஒரு நாடு. பகட்டான ஆடம்பரம் முதல் கொடிய துயரம் வரை, நெரிசல் மிகுந்த நகரங்கள் முதல் அமைதியான கிராமப்புறங்கள் வரை, அடர்ந்த காடுகள் மற்றும் பவளப்பாறைகள் முதல் பாழடைந்த பாலைவனங்கள் மற்றும் உயர்ந்த மலைகள் வரை, இந்தியாவில் உண்மையிலேயே அனைத்தும் உள்ளன. இது மக்கள், பண்பாடு, மொழி மற்றும் உணவுக்கும் பொருந்தும்; இவை சிறிய மற்றும் பெரிய வழிகளில் பெருமளவில் வேறுபடலாம். ஒரு மிக எளிய உதாரணம் சொல்ல வேண்டுமென்றால், மும்பையில் ஒரு வாடகை சிற்றுந்து ஓட்டுநர் ஒரு வார்த்தை கூட பேசாமல் தனது மீட்டர் கொடியை இறக்கி, சரியான சில்லறையைத் திருப்பிக் கொடுப்பார். ஆனால் தில்லியில், ஓட்டுநரிடம் மீட்டரைப் பயன்படுத்தச் சொல்லி, சில்லறை கிடைக்குமா என்று எதிர்பார்க்க வேண்டும். மற்ற சில பகுதிகளில், ஓட்டுநர்களிடம் மீட்டர்களே இருப்பதில்லை; அவர்கள் குறுகிய தூரங்களுக்குக் கூட கட்டணங்களை நிர்ணயித்து விடுகிறார்கள். அவர்கள் கேட்கும் தொகையை மட்டும் செலுத்தினால் போதும். ஒரு நேர்மையான ஓட்டுநர் கிடைத்தால், பயணி தன்னை பாக்கியவான் என்று கருதிக்கொள்ளலாம். இந்தியா பெரும்பாலான அம்சங்களில் தீவிரமான வேறுபாடுகளைக் காட்டுகிறது, மேலும் சிறந்ததைக் கண்டறிய ஒருவருக்கு பொறுமையும் வாய்ப்பும் தேவை. இந்தியாவின் எந்தவொரு அம்சத்தைப் பற்றியும் நமக்கு எல்லாம் தெரியும் என்று ஒருபோதும் கருத வேண்டாம்; ஒவ்வொரு நாளும் முற்றிலும் புதிய அம்சங்களை காணத் தயாராக இருக்க வேண்டும். இந்திய நாகரிகம் வரலாறு முழுவதும் பெரும் செல்வாக்கு செலுத்தி வந்துள்ளது; தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவின் பல பண்பாடுகள் வலுவான இந்தியத் தாக்கங்களை வெளிப்படுத்துகின்றன. பௌத்த மதத்தின் பரவல் வாயிலாக, சில இந்தியத் தாக்கங்கள் கிழக்கு ஆசியக் கலாச்சாரங்களிலும் ஊடுருவியுள்ளன. ===வரலாறு=== மனிதர்கள் முதன்முதலில் இந்தியத் துணைக்கண்டத்திற்கு சுமார் கி.மு. 70,000-ஆம் ஆண்டில் குடியேறியதாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது; மேலும், இந்தியாவின் கற்காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த சில தொல்லியல் தளங்களும் இங்கு அமைந்துள்ளன. இவற்றுள் ஒரு முக்கியமான தளம் பாக்கித்தானில் உள்ள மெகர்கர் ஆகும். இங்குதான், இத்துணைக்கண்டத்திலேயே மிகவும் பழமையானதாக அறியப்படும் வேளாண்மைக்கான சான்றுகள் — சுமார் கி.மு. 7000-ஆம் ஆண்டைச் சேர்ந்தவை என கண்டறியப்பட்டுள்ளன. சிந்து சமவெளி நாகரிகம் (கி.மு. 3300–1300) உலகின் முதல் வெண்கலக் கால நாகரிகங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். மேலும், அந்நாகரிகம் தன் காலத்திற்கு மிகவும் மேம்பட்டதாகத் திகழ்ந்தது. அதன் உச்சக்கட்டத்தில் (கி.மு. 2600–1900), இது தற்போதைய பாகித்தானின் பெரும்பகுதியையும், வட இந்தியாவின் சில பகுதிகளையும், கிழக்கு ஆப்கானித்தானின் சில பகுதிகளையும் உள்ளடக்கியிருந்தது. பாக்கித்தானில் அமைந்துள்ள மொகஞ்சதாரோ மற்றும் அரப்பா ஆகியவையே இந்நாகரிகத்தின் மிகப்பெரிய இரண்டு தொல்லியல் தளங்களாகும். கி.மு. 2000- ஆண்டுக்குப் பிறகு ஒரு காலகட்டத்தில், வடமேற்கில் எங்கோ ஓர் இடத்திலிருந்து வந்த கால்நடை மேய்ப்பர்களான ஆரியர்கள் இப்பகுதிக்குக் குடிபெயர்ந்தனர். ஏறக்குறைய அதே நேரத்தில், தொடர்புடைய குழுக்கள் கிரீசு (மினோயர்களை இடம்பெயரச் செய்த எலனிக்கு கிரேக்கர்கள்), அனடோலியா அல்லது துருக்கி (இட்டைட்டுகள்), பாரசீகம் மற்றும் பிற பகுதிகள் மீது படையெடுத்தன. இந்தப் பழங்குடியினர் அனைவரும் தொடர்புடைய மொழிகளைப் பேசியதாகவும், வட இந்தியா, ஐரோப்பா மற்றும் மத்திய ஆசியாவில் பேசப்படும் பெரும்பாலான மொழிகள் உட்பட பல நவீன மொழிகள் அவர்களிடமிருந்து தோன்றியவை என்றும் நம்பப்படுகிறது. மொழியியலாளர்கள் இவை அனைத்தையும் இந்தோ-ஐரோப்பிய மொழிக்குடும்பத்தில் வகைப்படுத்துகின்றனர். வேத காலம் ஏறத்தாழ கி.மு. 1500 முதல் 500 வரையிலான காலகட்டத்தைச் சேர்ந்ததாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. இந்து சமயத்தின் மிகப் பழமையான மற்றும் புனிதமான நூல்களான வேதங்கள் தொகுக்கப்பட்ட காலம் இதுவே ஆகும். இவை, இந்தோ-ஆரிய மொழியான வேத சமசுகிருதத்தில் இயற்றப்பட்டிருந்தன. இக்காலத்தைப் பற்றிய விவரங்களும் தொல்லியல் சான்றுகளும் மிகக் குறைவாகவே கிடைத்திருப்பினும், இந்து சமயத்தின் பல சடங்குகள் இக்காலத்தில்தான் வடிவம் பெற்றன. [[File:Varanasikedarghat.JPG|thumb|240px|வாரணாசியில் கங்கை நதியில் நீராடும் இந்துப் பயணிகள்]] வேத நாகரிகமானது, தார்மீக சமயங்களின் வாயிலாக இன்றும் இந்தியாவைத் தொடர்ந்து பாதித்து வருகிறது. தற்கால இந்து சமயம் தனது வேர்களை வேதங்களில் கொண்டிருந்தாலும், உபநிடதங்கள் மற்றும் புராணங்கள் முதல் இராமாயணம், மகாபாரதம் ஆகிய பெருங்காப்பியங்கள் வரையிலான, வேதங்களுக்குப் பிந்தைய இலக்கியங்களாலும் பெரிதும் தாக்கம் பெற்றுள்ளது. மரபுசார்ந்து பார்க்கையில், இவ் இலக்கியங்கள் அனைத்தும் வேதங்களில் ஏற்கனவே பொதிந்துள்ள அறிவையே விரிவுபடுத்திச் செறிவூட்டுவனவாகவே கருதப்படுகின்றன. மகாபாரதத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியான 'பகவத் கீதை', மிகவும் பரவலாக வாசிக்கப்படும் நூல்களில் ஒன்றாகும். இந்து மதத்தின் நான்கு வேதங்களின் சுருக்கமான சாரமாகவே கீதை கருதப்படுகிறது. கிருட்டிணரின் உடலுக்குள் புகுந்த 'காலன்' 18 அத்தியாயங்களில் அமைந்த 700 செய்யுள்கள் வாயிலாக கீதையின் ஞானத்தை எடுத்துரைத்ததாகக் கூறப்படுகிறது. குருசேத்திரத்தில் நடைபெறவிருந்த ஒரு மாபெரும் போருக்குச் சற்று முன்னதாக, அந்தப் போரின் நாயகனான அர்ச்சுனனுக்கும் — அவனுக்குத் தேரோட்டியாகப் பணியாற்றிய — கடவுள் கிருட்டிணருக்கும் இடையே நிகழ்ந்த உரையாடலாகவே இந்நூல் அமைந்துள்ளது. இன்றைய காலகட்டத்தில், குருசேத்திரம் ஒரு புனித யாத்திரை மற்றும் சுற்றுலாத் தலமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. பொ.மு. முதல் ஆயிரமாண்டில், பல்வேறு தத்துவச் சிந்தனைப் பள்ளிகள் தோன்றி, இந்து சமயத்தை வெகுவாகச் செழுமைப்படுத்தின. அவற்றில் பெரும்பாலானவை வேதங்களிலிருந்தே தோன்றியதாகக் கூறின. இருப்பினும், இப்பள்ளிகளுள் சில—அவற்றில் பௌத்தமும் சமணமும் அடங்கும்—வேதங்களின் அதிகாரத்தையே கேள்விக்குள்ளாக்கின; தற்போது அவை தனித்தனிச் சமயங்களாக அங்கீகரிக்கப்படுகின்றன. கி.மு. 500 மற்றும் கி.பி. 590-ஆம் ஆண்டுகளுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட காலத்தில் பல மாபெரும் பேரரசுகள் தோன்றின. அவற்றுள் குறிப்பிடத்தக்கவை மௌரியர்களும் குப்தர்களும் ஆவர். இவ்விரு பேரரசுகளின் தலைநகரமும், தற்போது பாட்னா என்று அழைக்கப்படும் பாடலிபுத்திரம் நகரமாகவே விளங்கியது. குப்தப் பேரரசு (கி.பி. 3-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு முதல் கி.பி. 590 வரை) பெரும்பாலும் இந்தியாவின் 'பொற்காலம்' என்று போற்றப்படுகிறது. இதற்கு மேலும் மேற்கே, காந்தார நாகரிகம் (முதலில் ஒரு சுதந்திர அரசாகவும், பின்னர் மௌரியப் பேரரசின் ஒரு பகுதியாகவும் விளங்கியது) — தற்போது பாக்கித்தான் மற்றும் ஆப்கானித்தான் என அழைக்கப்படும் நிலப்பரப்பின் பெரும்பகுதியை ஆட்சி செய்தது. இவர்களின் நகரமான தட்சசீலம், பௌத்தம் மற்றும் பிற துறைகள் சார்ந்த கல்விக்கு ஒரு சிறந்த மையமாகத் திகழ்ந்தது. காலப்போக்கில், பௌத்தமும் சமணமும் படிப்படியாகச் சரிவைச் சந்தித்தன. குறிப்பாக, பௌத்த சமய நடைமுறைகள் இந்தியாவின் மையப்பகுதியிலிருந்து மறைந்தே போயின. இருப்பினும், புத்தர் இந்து சமயத் தெய்வங்களின் வரிசையில் ஒருவராக இணைத்துக்கொள்ளப்பட்டார். சமண சமயமானது, தங்களை இந்துக்களாகக் கருதிக்கொள்வதா அல்லது வேண்டாமா என்பது குறித்துத் தெளிவற்ற நிலையில் உள்ள, கணிசமான எண்ணிக்கையிலான ஒரு சிறுபான்மைச் சமூகத்தினரால் இன்றும் தொடர்ந்து பின்பற்றப்பட்டு வருகிறது. இந்து சமயமும் கூடப் பெரும் மாற்றங்களுக்கு உள்ளானது. இந்திரன், அக்னி போன்ற வேதகாலத் தெய்வங்களின் முக்கியத்துவம் குறைந்த அதே வேளையில், விசுணு, சிவன் மற்றும் அவர்களின் பல்வேறு அவதாரங்கள், குடும்ப உறுப்பினர்கள் போன்ற புராணகாலத் தெய்வங்கள் முதன்மை பெற்றன. [[File:Jama Masjid, Delhi, morning view.jpg|thumb|சாமா பள்ளிவாசல் தில்லி]] 8 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் இசுலாமியப் படையெடுப்புகள் தொடங்கின. படிப்படியாக, படையெடுப்பாளர்கள் ஆட்சியாளர்களாக நிலைபெறத் தொடங்கினர், விரைவில் வட இந்தியாவின் பெரும்பகுதி முசுலிம்களால் ஆளப்பட்டது. மிக முக்கியமான முசுலிம் ஆட்சியாளர்கள் முகலாயப் பேரரசு ஆவர். இப்பேரரசு அதன் உச்சக்கட்டத்தில் (தெற்கு மற்றும் வடகிழக்கு முனைகளைத் தவிர) கிட்டத்தட்ட முழு துணைக்கண்டத்தையும் உள்ளடக்கியிருந்தது. அதே நேரத்தில், வடக்கில் தப்பிப்பிழைத்த முக்கிய இந்துப் படை இராசபுத்திரர்கள் ஆவர். தங்கள் நிலத்தின் மீதான படையெடுப்பை எதிர்த்து நின்ற இராசபுத்திரர்களின் வீரம் புகழ்பெற்றது; அது இராசத்தானின் கோட்டைகள் முழுவதும் உள்ள நாட்டுப்புறப் பாடல்களில் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. இராசபுத்திரர்களில் முக்கியமானவர் சித்தோர்கரின் ஆட்சியாளரான மகா ராணா பிரதாப் ஆவார். இவர் முகலாயர்களின் மூன்றாமவரான அக்பருடன் போரிட்டு, பல ஆண்டுகள் நாடுகடத்தப்பட்ட நிலையில் கழித்தார். இருப்பினும், இறுதியில் இராசபுத்திரர்கள் அடக்கப்பட்டனர். சில முகலாயப் படைகளில் அதிக எண்ணிக்கையிலான இராசபுத்திர அதிகாரிகள் இருந்தனர், ஆனாலும் சகாங்கீர், சாச்சகான் மற்றும் அவுரங்கசீப் ஆகியோரின் ஆட்சிக்காலத்தில் சில இராசபுத்திரக் கிளர்ச்சிகள் நிகழ்ந்தன. வட இந்தியாவின் இந்தக் காலகட்டமே இராசத்தானின் நினைவுச்சின்னங்களையும் தாச்மகாலையும் உருவாக்கியது. இந்தி மற்றும் உருது மொழிகளும் இடைக்கால வட இந்தியாவில் வேரூன்றின. இசுலாமிய காலத்தில், இந்துக்கள் இசுலாமிற்கு மதம் மாறினர்; பெரும்பாலும் கட்டாயமாகவோ அல்லது சிசியா வரியைத் தவிர்ப்பதற்காகவோ மதம் மாறினர் என முசுலிம் வரலாற்றாசிரியர்கள் கூறுகின்றனர். இன்று, இந்தியாவின் மக்கள் தொகையில் சுமார் 15% பேர் இசுலாத்தைப் பின்பற்றுகிறார்கள். மற்றொரு முக்கிய மதமான சீக்கிய மதம், முகலாயர் காலத்தில் பஞ்சாப் பகுதியில் தோற்றுவிக்கப்பட்டது. சீக்கிய மதத்திற்கும் முகலாயர்களுக்கும் இடையிலான உறவுகள் காலப்போக்கில் மாறுபட்டன. அமிர்தசரசில் அமைந்துள்ள பொற்கோயில் கட்டப்பட்டதுடன், சீக்கிய மதத்தின் முதன்மையான புனித யாத்திரை மையமாக உலகம் முழுவதும் அங்கீகாரமும் பெற்றது. இருப்பினும், பத்தாவது குருவான குரு கோவிந்த் சிங்கின் காலக்கட்டத்தில், முகலாயர்களிலேயே மிகவும் சகிப்புத்தன்மையற்றவரும், கொடுமையானவரும், மதவெறி பிடித்தவருமான ஔரங்கசீப்பின் பகைமையே முதன்மைக் காரணமாக, இரு தரப்பினருக்கும் இடையிலான உறவுகள் பகையுணர்வு கொண்டவையாக மாறின. சீக்கியர்களுக்கும் முகலாயர்களுக்கும் இடையிலான மோதலே, முகலாயப் பேரரசின் வீழ்ச்சிக்கு வழிவகுத்த காரணங்களில் ஒன்றாக அமைந்தது. மற்றொரு காரணம், மகாராட்டிரப் பகுதியில் மராட்டியப் பேரரசின் எழுச்சியாகும்; இது சிவாச்சியால் தொடங்கப்பட்டு, பின்னர் பேசுவாக்களால் முன்னெடுத்துச் செல்லப்பட்டது. மராட்டியர்கள், முகலாயப் பேரரசின் பரப்பளவிற்கு ஏறக்குறைய இணையான ஒரு குறுகிய காலக் கூட்டமைப்பை நிறுவினர். மூன்றாம் பானிபட் போருக்குப் பிறகு, மராட்டியர்கள் இந்தியாவின் மீதான தங்கள் ஆதிக்கத்தை இழந்தனர்; இதுவே பிற்காலத்தில் பிரிட்டிசு காலனித்துவ ஆட்சி அமைவதற்கு வழிவகுத்தது. மராட்டியர் காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பன்னிரண்டு இராணுவக் கோட்டைகள்—குறிப்பாக மகாராட்ராவின் மேற்குப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளவை—யுனெசுகோவால் 'இந்தியாவின் மராட்டிய இராணுவ நிலப்பரப்புகள்' எனும் உலகப் பாரம்பரியச் சின்னமாக அறிவிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. [[File:ShoreTemple Approach2.JPG|thumb|கடற்கரைக் கோயில், மாமல்லபுரம்]] [[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்தியா]] ஒரு மாறுபட்ட பாதையைப் பின்பற்றியது; ஏனெனில், இசுலாமிய ஆட்சியின் தாக்கம் இப்பகுதியில் குறைவாகவே இருந்தது. கி.பி. 500 முதல் 1600 வரையிலான காலகட்டம் 'செவ்வியல் காலம்' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது; இக்காலகட்டத்தில் தென்னிந்தியாவின் மாபெரும் பேரரசுகளே ஆதிக்கம் செலுத்தி வந்தன. இவற்றுள் மிக முக்கியமான பேரரசுகளாக, இன்றைய கர்நாடகப் பகுதியிலிருந்து ஆட்சி செய்த சாளுக்கியர்கள், இராட்டிரகூடர்கள் மற்றும் விசயநகரப் பேரரசினர் ஆகியோரும்; இன்றைய தமிழ்நாடு மற்றும் கேரளப் பகுதிகளிலிருந்து ஆட்சி செய்த பல்லவர்கள், சேரர்கள், பாண்டியர்கள் மற்றும் சோழர்கள் ஆகியோரும் திகழ்ந்தனர். இவற்றுள், தஞ்சாவூர் மற்றும் கங்கைகொண்ட சோழபுரம் உள்ளிட்ட பல்வேறு தலைநகரங்களிலிருந்து ஆட்சி செய்த சோழர்களே, தென்னிந்தியப் பேரரசுகளிலேயே மிகவும் வலிமை வாய்ந்தவர்களாகப் பரவலாக அங்கீகரிக்கப்படுகின்றனர். இவர்களது ஆட்சியின் உச்சக்கட்டத்தில், இவர்களது பேரரசின் எல்லை வடக்கே பாடலிபுத்திரம் வரையிலும் விரிந்திருந்ததுடன், இவர்களது செல்வாக்கு கிழக்கே சுமத்ரா, மேற்கு போர்னியோ மற்றும் தெற்கு வியட்நாம் வரையிலும் பரவியிருந்தது. இந்தியாவில் இன்றும் நிலைத்திருக்கும் மிகச் சிறப்பான இந்து மற்றும் சமணச் சின்னங்கள் சில, இக்காலகட்டத்தில்தான் தென்னிந்தியா மற்றும் கிழக்கு இந்தியாவில் கட்டப்பட்டன. காலனித்துவக் காலம் வரை, வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா நாட்டின் பிற பகுதிகளிலிருந்து ஓரளவுக்குத் தனித்தே இருந்தது. வடகிழக்குப் பகுதியை ஆண்ட மிகப்பெரிய மற்றும் நீண்ட காலப் பேரரசு, மணிப்பூரைச் சேர்ந்த நிங்தௌச்சா வம்சமாகும் (கி.பி. 33–1891); இவர்களுக்கு அடுத்தபடியாக அகோம் வம்சத்தினர் இப்பகுதியை ஆண்டனர். இவர்கள் 13-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு முதல் 19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு வரை, முகலாயர்களின் ஆதிக்க விரிவாக்கத்திலிருந்து அசாம் மற்றும் அதன் அண்டை மண்டலங்களை வெற்றிகரமாகப் பாதுகாத்து வந்தனர். [[File:Victoria Memorial Hall, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|கொல்கத்தாவில் அமைந்துள்ள விக்டோரியா நினைவிடம், விக்டோரியா மகாராணியின் நினைவாக அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டமான பளிங்குக் கட்டிடமாகும். கொல்கத்தாவின் வரலாறு, கிழக்கிந்திய நிறுவனத்துடனும் பிரிட்டிசு ஆட்சியுடனும் தொடர்புடையதாகும். அக்காலத்தில் 'கல்கத்தா' என்று அழைக்கப்பட்ட இந்நகரமே பிரிட்டிசு ஆட்சியின் தலைநகராகத் திகழ்ந்தது.]] 16 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியில் ஐரோப்பிய வர்த்தகர்கள் இந்தியாவிற்கு வரத் தொடங்கினர். இவர்களில் ஆங்கிலேயர்கள், டச்சுக்காரர்கள், பிரெஞ்சுக்காரர்கள் மற்றும் போர்த்துகீசியர்கள் முக்கியமானவர்கள். பிரிட்டிசு கிழக்கிந்திய நிறுவனம் 1772 ஆம் ஆண்டில் கல்கத்தாவைத் தங்கள் தலைமையிடமாக ஆக்கியது. அவர்கள் பம்பாய் மற்றும் மெட்ராசு போன்ற துணை நகரங்களையும் நிறுவினர். கல்கத்தா பின்னர் 'இலண்டனுக்குப் பிறகு பேரரசின் இரண்டாவது நகரம்' ஆனது. 19 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு வாக்கில், ஆங்கிலேயர்கள் ஏதோ ஒரு வகையில் இந்தியாவின் கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்துப் பகுதிகளின் அரசியல் கட்டுப்பாட்டையும் கைப்பற்றினர். இருப்பினும் போர்த்துகீசியர்கள், டச்சுக்காரர்கள் மற்றும் பிரெஞ்சுக்காரர்களுக்கும் கடற்கரையோரம் தங்களுடைய பகுதிகள் இருந்தன. ஆங்கிலேயர்கள் இந்தியத் தொழிலாளர்கள், காவலர்கள் மற்றும் வீரர்களைப் பேரரசு முழுவதும் அனுப்பினர். இதன் விளைவாக இந்தியப் புலம்பெயர் சமூகங்கள் நிறுவப்பட்டன. மியான்மார், மலேசியா, சிங்கப்பூர், ஆங்காங், பிச்சி, தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா, மொரிசியசு, கென்யா, கயானா, டிரினிடாட் மற்றும் டொபாகோ மற்றும் ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம் ஆகியவை இவற்றில் மிகவும் குறிப்பிடத்தக்கவையாகும். 1857-ஆம் ஆண்டில் இந்திய ஆட்சியாளர்களால் ஒரு கிளர்ச்சி ஏற்பட்டது. அது அடக்கப்பட்டாலும், கம்பெனியிடமிருந்து ஆட்சியைப் பெற்று இந்தியாவைத் தனது பேரரசின் ஒரு பகுதியாக ஆக்குவதற்கு பிரிட்டிசு அரசாங்கத்தைத் தூண்டியது. 1858 முதல் 1947 வரையிலான இந்த முடியாட்சிக் காலம், பிரிட்டிசு இராச்சியம் என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டது. இது சில இந்தியர்கள் கிறித்தவ மதத்திற்கு மாறிய ஒரு காலகட்டமாகும். இருப்பினும், 1859-ஆம் ஆண்டுக்குப் பிறகு பிரிட்டிசு இந்தியாவில் கட்டாய மதமாற்றங்கள் முடிவுக்கு வந்தன. மேலும், இந்தியர்களின் மத நம்பிக்கைகளை மதிப்பதாக விக்டோரியா மகாராணியின் பிரகடனம் உறுதியளித்தது. மோகன்தாசு கரம்சந்த் காந்தி (மகாத்மா காந்தி) தலைமையிலான பிரிட்டிசு காலனித்துவத்திற்கு எதிரான அகிம்சை எதிர்ப்பு, மற்ற வழிமுறைகளுடன் இணைந்து, 1947 ஆகத்து மாதம் 15 அன்று சுதந்திரத்திற்கு வழிவகுத்தது. இருப்பினும், மதச்சார்பற்ற இந்துக்கள் பெரும்பான்மையாக உள்ள இந்திய அரசுக்கும், சிறிய முசுலிம்கள் பெரும்பான்மையாக உள்ள பாக்கித்தான் அரசுக்கும் ஒரே நேரத்தில் சுதந்திரம் வழங்கப்பட்டது. மேலும், பிரிவினையைத் தொடர்ந்து நடந்த இந்து-முசுலிம் இரத்தக் களரி, குறைந்தது அரை மில்லியன் மக்களின் இறப்புக்கும், 12 முதல் 14 மில்லியன் மக்கள் இடம்பெயர்வதற்கும் வழிவகுத்தது. 1970-ஆம் ஆண்டுகளில் இந்தியா உணவு தானியங்களில் தன்னிறைவு அடைந்தது. இதனால், அதுவரை சாதாரணமாக இருந்த பெரும் பஞ்சங்கள் இப்போது வரலாறாகிவிட்டன. இருப்பினும், இந்தக் கொள்கைகள் பற்றாக்குறை, மெதுவான வளர்ச்சி மற்றும் பெரும் ஊழலுக்கும் வழிவகுத்தன. 1991-ஆம் ஆண்டில் ஏற்பட்ட செலுத்து இருப்பு நெருக்கடிக்குப் பிறகு, நாடு தாராள சந்தை சீர்திருத்தங்களை மேற்கொண்டது. அவை அப்போதிருந்து சீரான வேகத்தில் தொடர்ந்து, வலுவான வளர்ச்சிக்கு உந்துதலாக இருந்து வருகின்றன. தகவல் தொழில்நுட்பம், வணிகச் செயல்முறை வெளிப்பணியமர்த்தல் மற்றும் பிற தொழில்கள் இந்த வளர்ச்சிக்கு உந்துசக்தியாக இருந்துள்ளன. அதே சமயம், சீர்திருத்தங்களை எதிர்கொள்ளாத உற்பத்தித் துறையும் விவசாயத் துறையும் பின்தங்கியுள்ளன. சுமார் 60% இந்தியர்கள் விவசாயத்தை நம்பி வாழ்கின்றனர், மேலும் சுமார் 36% பேர் வறுமையில் உள்ளனர். பாக்கித்தானுடனான உறவுகள் சுமுகமாக இல்லை. இரு நாடுகளும் நான்கு போர்களில் ஈடுபட்டுள்ளன, அவற்றில் மூன்று காசுமீரின் நிலை குறித்தவை. 1971-ஆம் ஆண்டில் இரு நாடுகளுக்கும் இடையே நடந்த மூன்றாவது போரின் விளைவாக, கிழக்கு பாக்கித்தான் வங்காளதேசமாக உருவானது. இந்தியா அவ்வப்போது பயங்கரவாதத் தாக்குதல்களைத் தொடர்ந்து சந்தித்து வருகிறது, அவற்றில் பல பாக்கித்தானில் இருந்து தொடங்குவதாகவும், அதன் இராணுவ-உளவுத்துறை அமைப்பால் உத்தரவிடப்படுவதாகவும் அல்லது உதவி செய்யப்படுவதாகவும் பரவலாக நம்பப்படுகிறது. இமயமலை எல்லைப் பிரச்சினை காரணமாக 1962-ஆம் ஆண்டில் சீனாவும் இந்தியாவும் போரிட்டன. தற்போதைய உறவுகள் பெரும்பாலும் அமைதியானவையாக இருந்தாலும், பதற்றம் நிறைந்தவையாக உள்ளன. இரு நாடுகளுக்கும் இடையே தரைவழிப் போக்குவரத்து அனுமதிக்கப்படவில்லை, இருப்பினும் சிக்கிமுக்கும் திபெத்துக்கும் இடையிலான ஓர் எல்லைக் கடக்கும் பாதை 2006-ஆம் ஆண்டில் வர்த்தகத்திற்காக மீண்டும் திறக்கப்பட்டது. பாக்கித்தான் மற்றும் சீனா மீதான பாதுகாப்பு குறித்த கவலைகள், இந்தியாவை இரண்டு முறை அணு ஆயுதங்களைச் சோதிக்கத் தூண்டின (1974-ஆம் ஆண்டில் "அமைதியான வெடிப்புகள்" என்று விவரிக்கப்பட்ட சோதனைகள் உட்பட). இந்தியா ஒரு முறையான அணுசக்தி நாடாக ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட விரும்புகிறது மற்றும் ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் பாதுகாப்பு சபையில் நிரந்தர இடத்திற்காகப் பிரச்சாரம் செய்து வருகிறது. இந்தியா தனது மக்களாட்சிப் பதிவைக் குறித்துப் பெருமை கொள்கிறது. ஒரு சுதந்திர நாடாகத் திகழ்ந்த காலத்தின் பெரும்பகுதி முழுவதும், அரசியலமைப்பு சார்ந்த ஆட்சியும் சனநாயகச் சுதந்திரங்களும் பாதுகாக்கப்பட்டு வந்துள்ளன. இந்தியாவில் தற்போது நிலவும் கவலைகளில் ஊழல், வறுமை, மக்கள் தொகைப் பெருக்கம், மாசுபாடு மற்றும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் சீரழிவின் பல்வேறு வடிவங்கள், பாக்கித்தான் மற்றும் சீனாவுடனான தொடர்ச்சியான எல்லைப் பிரச்சினைகள், எல்லை தாண்டிய பயங்கரவாதம், மற்றும் அவ்வப்போது நிகழும் இன, அரசியல், மத மோதல்கள் ஆகியவை அடங்கும். குறைந்தபட்சம் படித்த மேட்டுக்குடியினரிடையே, பொருளாதார வளர்ச்சியில் சீனாவை முந்தி, ஒரு பொருளாதார மற்றும் இராணுவ வல்லரசாக இந்தியா திகழ முடியுமா என்பதே இந்தியாவின் தற்போதைய பெரும் கவலையாக உள்ளது. இன்று, பல இந்தியர்கள் தங்கள் நாட்டை பன்னாட்டு அரசியலில் ஒட்டுமொத்த உலகத் தெற்கின் குரலாகவும் தலைவராகவும் கருதுகின்றனர். ===புவியியல்=== [[File:Loktak Lake Boat people Moirang Manipur India.jpg|thumb|உலகத்தின் ஒரே மிதக்கும் ஏரியான உலோக்தக்கு ஏரி]] இந்தியா 3,287,263 சதுர கிலோமீட்டர் (1,269,219 சதுர மைல்) பரப்பளவைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. இதன் மூலம் இந்தியா உலகின் ஏழாவது மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகவும், ஆசியாவின் மூன்றாவது மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகவும் (உருசியாவையும் கணக்கில் கொண்டால்), மற்றும் தெற்காசியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. இந்தியா அமெரிக்காவை விட மூன்று மடங்கு சிறியதாகவும், ஆத்திரேலியாவின் பரப்பளவில் பாதியாகவும், ஆசியாவின் மிகச்சிறிய நாடான மாலத்தீவை விட ஏறக்குறைய 11,000 மடங்கு பெரியதாகவும் உள்ளது. மலைகள், காடுகள், பாலைவனங்கள் மற்றும் கடற்கரைகள் என—இந்தியா அனைத்தையும் தன்னகத்தே கொண்டுள்ளது. இதன் வடக்கு மற்றும் வடகிழக்கு எல்லைகள், உலகின் மிக உயரமான மலைத்தொடரான ​​பனிபடர்ந்த இமயமலையால் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளன. அந்நியப் படையெடுப்பாளர்களிடமிருந்து நாட்டைக் காப்பதுடன், இந்தியாவின் நாகரிகம் செழித்தோங்கிய சமவெளிகளுக்கு உயிரூட்டும் வற்றாத நதிகளான கங்கை, யமுனை மற்றும் சிந்து ஆகியவற்றுக்கும் இம்மலைகள் நீராதாரமாகத் திகழ்கின்றன. சிந்து நதியின் பெரும்பகுதி தற்போது பாக்கித்தானில் அமைந்திருந்தாலும், அதன் மூன்று துணை நதிகள் பஞ்சாப் மாநிலத்தின் வழியாகப் பாய்கின்றன. கங்கை நதிக்கு இரண்டு கிளை நதிகள் உள்ளன. அவற்றுள் பாகீரதி-ஊக்ளி எனும் கிளை நதி இந்தியாவின் நிலப்பரப்பின் வழியே பாய்ந்து, மேற்கு வங்க மாநிலத்தின் உயிர்நாடியாகத் திகழ்கிறது. இவ்விரு கிளை நதிகளும் இறுதியில் வங்காள விரிகுடாவில் சங்கமித்து, உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய ஆற்று முகத்துவாரப் பகுதியையும், மிகப்பெரிய சதுப்புநிலக் காடுகளையும் உருவாக்குகின்றன. மற்றொரு இமயமலை நதியான பிரம்மபுத்திரா, வடகிழக்குப் பகுதி வழியாகவும் — பெரும்பாலும் அசாம் மாநிலத்தின் ஊடாகவும் — பாய்கிறது. அங்கு இது பல்வேறு பெயர்களால் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மணிப்பூரில் உற்பத்தியாகும் மணிப்பூர் நதி, மியான்மரின் சிண்ட்வின்-இராவதி நதி அமைப்போடு இணைகிறது. பஞ்சாபிற்குத் தெற்கே ஆரவல்லி மலைத்தொடர் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது இராசத்தானை இரண்டாகப் பிரிக்கிறது. இராசத்தானின் மேற்குப் பகுதி தார் பாலைவனத்தால் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது. விந்திய மலைத்தொடர் மத்திய இந்தியாவைக்—குறிப்பாக மத்தியப் பிரதேசத்தை—ஊடறுத்துச் செல்கிறது; இது தக்காணப் பீடபூமியின் தொடக்கத்தைக் குறிக்கிறது. இப்பீடபூமியானது, தமிழ்நாட்டின் பெரும்பகுதியையும் கேரளாவையும் தவிர்த்து, தென் தீபகற்பத்தின் ஏறக்குறைய முழுப் பகுதியையும் உள்ளடக்கியுள்ளது. தக்காணப் பீடபூமியானது, மேற்கில் மேற்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலையாலும் (மகாராட்டிராவில் 'சகயாத்ரி' என அழைக்கப்படுகிறது), கிழக்கில் கிழக்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலையாலும் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது. இப்பகுதிக்குப் நீர் வழங்கும் நர்மதை, கோதாவரி மற்றும் காவேரி போன்ற ஆறுகள் கோடைக்காலத்தில் வற்றிவிடுவதால், சமவெளிப் பகுதிகளைக் காட்டிலும் இப்பீடபூமி மிகவும் வறண்ட நிலையில் காணப்படுகிறது. தக்காணப் பீடபூமியின் வடகிழக்கு திசையில், சத்தீசுகர், சார்க்கண்ட், மகாராட்டிராவின் கிழக்கு விளிம்பு மற்றும் ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசத்தின் வடமுனை ஆகிய மாநிலங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய, ஒரு காலத்தில் அடர்ந்த காடுகளாகத் திகழ்ந்த ஒரு பகுதி அமைந்துள்ளது. இப்பகுதி இன்றும் காடுகளால் சூழப்பட்டதாகவும், வறுமையால் வாடுவதாகவும், பழங்குடியின மக்கள் வசிக்கும் இடமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. தென்னிந்தியாவின் மீதான படையெடுப்புகளுக்குத் தடையாக இக்காடு விளங்கியது. உலகின் ஒரே மிதக்கும் ஏரி, மணிப்பூரின் மையப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள கிண்ணம் போன்ற சமவெளியில் உள்ள உலோக்தக்கு ஏரியாகும். இது தனது தனித்துவமான, வட்ட வடிவ மிதக்கும் உயிரித்திரள்களுக்காக குறிப்பிடத்தக்க வகையில் அறியப்படுகிறது. இந்தியா நீண்ட கடற்கரையைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. இதன் மேற்கு கடற்கரை அரபிக்கடலையும், கிழக்கு கடற்கரை வங்காள விரிகுடாவையும் ஒட்டி அமைந்துள்ளன; இவை இரண்டும் இந்தியப் பெருங்கடலின் பகுதிகளாகும். ===காலநிலை=== [[File:A beach side resort at Kadmat Island, Lakshadweep.jpg|thumb|இலட்சத் தீவுகள்]] [[File:Jammu and Kashmir 3.JPG|thumb|குல்மார்க்கு, சம்மு மற்றும் காசுமீர்]] இந்தியாவில், வருடத்தின் ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட காலத்தில் மட்டுமே மழை பெய்கிறது. அந்தப் பருவமும், அதை ஏற்படுத்தும் நிகழ்வும் பருவமழை காலம் என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. தென்மேற்கு மற்றும் வடகிழக்கு என இரண்டு பருவமழைகள் உள்ளன; இவை இரண்டும் காற்று வீசும் திசைகளின் பெயரால் அழைக்கப்படுகின்றன. தென்மேற்குப் பருவமழையே மிகவும் முக்கியமானது, ஏனெனில் இது நாட்டின் பெரும்பாலான பகுதிகளில் மழையைப் பொழிவிக்கிறது. மேலும் பயிர்கள் எவ்வாறு விளையும் என்பதைத் தீர்மானிக்கும் முக்கிய காரணியாகவும் இது விளங்குகிறது. சூன் முதல் செப்டம்பர் வரை இம்மழை நீடிக்கும். தென்மேற்குப் பருவமழை மேற்குக் கடற்கரையை அதிகமாகத் தாக்குகிறது. ஏனெனில் மேற்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலைகளைக் கடந்து இந்தியாவின் மற்ற பகுதிகளை அடைவது காற்றுக்கு ஒரு கடினமான பணியாகும். எனவே, உள்நாட்டுப் பகுதிகளை விட மேற்குக் கடற்கரை மிகவும் பசுமையாக இருக்கிறது. வடகிழக்குப் பருவமழை அக்டோபர் முதல் பிப்ரவரி வரை கிழக்குக் கடற்கரையைத் தாக்குகிறது. இது பெரும்பாலும் அவ்வப்போது ஏற்படும் புயல்களின் வடிவத்தில் ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் பெரும் அழிவை ஏற்படுத்துகிறது. இரண்டு பருவமழைகளின் மழையையும் பெறும் ஒரே பகுதி வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா ஆகும். இதன் விளைவாக இப்பகுதி உலகில் அதிக மழைப்பொழிவைப் பெறுகிறது. இந்தியாவில் ஒரு வருடத்தில் கோடை, மழைக்காலம் (அல்லது பருவமழை) மற்றும் குளிர் காலம் என குறைந்தது மூன்று பருவங்கள் உள்ளன. இருப்பினும், வெப்பமண்டல தென்பகுதியில் 25°செல்சியசு (77°பாரங்கீட்டு) வெப்பநிலையை 'குளிர்காலம்' என்று அழைப்பது பொருத்தமற்றதாகிவிடும். வட இந்தியாவில் கோடையில் கடுமையான வெப்பமும், குளிர்காலத்தில் கடும் குளிரும் நிலவுகிறது. ஆனால், இமயமலைப் பகுதிகளைத் தவிர, பனிப்பொழிவு என்பது கேள்விப்படாத ஒன்றாகும். நவம்பர் முதல் சனவரி வரை குளிர்காலமாகவும், ஏப்ரல் மற்றும் மே மாதங்கள் வெப்பமான மாதங்களாகவும் உள்ளன. இந்த மாதங்களில் அனைவரும் மழையை ஆவலுடன் எதிர்பார்க்கின்றனர். குறிப்பாக வட இந்தியாவில், பிப்ரவரி மற்றும் மார்ச்சு மாதங்களில் ஒரு குறுகிய கால வசந்த காலமும் நிலவுகிறது. இந்தியாவின் ஏதேனும் ஒரு பகுதியில் இலையுதிர் காலம் நிலவுகிறதா என்பது குறித்துக் கருத்துக்கள் மாறுபட்டுள்ளன. ஆயினும் ஓராண்டை ஆறு பருவங்களாகப் பிரித்திருந்த பண்டைய மக்கள், அத்தகைய ஒரு பருவத்தை நிச்சயமாகவே அடையாளம் கண்டிருந்தனர். === அளவீட்டு அலகுகள் === இந்தியா ஏறக்குறைய முழுமையாக மெட்ரிக் முறைக்கு மாறிவிட்டது. இருப்பினும், பிரித்தானிய ஏகாதிபத்திய அளவீட்டு முறையின் சில எச்சங்கள் இன்னும் பயன்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. உதாரணமாக: * ஆடைகளின் அளவுகள் அங்குலம் மற்றும் சென்டிமீட்டர் ஆகிய இரண்டிலும் குறிப்பிடப்படுகின்றன. * கேக்குகளின் எடை இன்னும் பவுண்டுகளில் அளவிடப்படுகிறது; அதே சமயம் மற்ற பொருட்களின் எடை கிலோகிராம் மற்றும் கிராம்களில் அளவிடப்படுகிறது. * நிலத்தின் பரப்பளவு இன்னும் ஏக்கர் கணக்கில் அளவிடப்படுகிறது. * வீட்டுச் சொத்துக்கள் இன்னும் சதுர அடி கணக்கில் விளம்பரப்படுத்தப் படுகின்றன. * திரையின் அளவுகள் இன்னும் அங்குலங்களில் குறிப்பிடப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், 100,000 மற்றும் 10,000,000-க்கு முறையே 'லட்சம்' மற்றும் 'கோடி' என்ற சொற்கள் பயன்படுத்தப்படுவதையும் கவனிக்கவும். இது பெரும்பாலும் பணத்தைப் பற்றியதாகும். அவற்றின் பயன்பாடு இலக்கங்களின் குழுவாக்கத்தையும் பாதிக்கிறது. ===நேர மண்டலம்=== இந்தியத் திட்ட நேரம், ஒருங்கிணைந்த உலக நேரத்தைவிட 5 மணி 30 நிமிடங்கள் முன்னிலையில் உள்ளது. இந்தியாவில் பகலொளி சேமிப்பு நேரம் கடைப்பிடிக்கப்படுவதில்லை. ===அரசியல்=== [[File:Back view of Rashtrapati Bhavan.jpg|thumb|குடியரசுத் தலைவர் மாளிகை, புது தில்லி]] [http://tourism.gov.in/ சுற்றுலா] இந்தியா, பிரித்தானிய வெசுட்மின்சுட்டர் முறையை மாதிரியாகக் கொண்ட ஒரு நாடாளுமன்றக் குடியரசு மற்றும் சனநாயகம் ஆகும். மறைமுகமாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்படும் குடியரசுத் தலைவர் நாட்டின் தலைவர் ஆவார். ஆனால் இந்தப் பதவி முற்றிலும் சம்பிரதாயமானது அல்ல என்றாலும், வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட அதிகாரங்களையே கொண்டுள்ளது. பிரதமர், அமைச்சரவையுடன் அரசாங்கத்தை நடத்துகிறார். மேலும் நடைமுறையில் அரசாங்கத்தில் அதிக அதிகாரத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளார். நாடாளுமன்றம் ஈரவை கொண்டது. கீழ்சபையான மக்களவை (மக்களவை), வயது வந்தோர் அனைவருக்கும் வாக்குரிமை மூலம் நேரடியாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்படுகிறது. அதேசமயம் மேற்சபையான மாநிலங்களவை (மாநிலங்களவை) மறைமுகமாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்படுகிறது. இவ்விரண்டில் மக்களவையே அதிக அதிகாரம் வாய்ந்தது. ஏனெனில் அரசாங்கத்தை அமைக்கவும் வரவு செலவுத் திட்டங்களை நிறைவேற்றவும் மக்களவையில் பெரும்பான்மை தேவைப்படுகிறது. மேலும் மரபுப்படி பிரதமர் எப்போதும் மக்களவை உறுப்பினராகவே இருப்பார். இந்தியாவும் மாநிலங்கள் மற்றும் ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசங்களாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு கூட்டாட்சி அமைப்பாகும். இவற்றில் ஒவ்வொன்றும் தனக்கென ஒரு சட்டமன்றத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளது; இவற்றுக்கான அரசாங்கம் ஒரு முதலமைச்சர் மற்றும் அமைச்சரவையின் தலைமையில் செயல்படுகிறது. ஒரு மாநிலத்திற்கும் ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசத்திற்கும் இடையிலான வேறுபாடு, மத்திய அரசாங்கத்தால் அந்தந்த சட்டமன்றத்திற்கு எவ்வளவு அதிகாரம் வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது என்பதைச் சார்ந்திருக்கிறது. ஒவ்வொரு மாநிலமோ அல்லது ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசமோ பல மாவட்டங்களாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது; அந்தந்த மாநிலம் அல்லது ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசத்தைப் பொறுத்து, இம்மாவட்டங்கள் மேலும் பல சிறிய பிரிவுகளாகப் பிரிக்கப்படுகின்றன. இந்தியாவில் இரண்டு வகையான உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்புகள் உள்ளன: நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பேரூர்களுக்கான 'நகர்ப்புற உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்புகள்' மற்றும் எஞ்சியிருக்கும் கிராமப்புறங்களுக்கான 'பஞ்சாயத்து இராச்சியம் (இதன் நேரடிப் பொருள்: "ஐந்து அதிகாரிகளின் ஆட்சி"). நகர்ப்புற உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்புகளுள் நகராட்சிகள், மாநகராட்சிகள், இராணுவக் குடியிருப்புப் பகுதிகள் , நகரப் பஞ்சாயத்துகள், அறிவிக்கப்பட்ட பகுதி மன்றங்கள் ஆகியவை அடங்கும். அதேவேளையில், பஞ்சாயத்து இராச்சிய அமைப்பானது மூன்று நிலைகளாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது: தனித்தனி கிராமங்களுக்கான 'கிராமப் பஞ்சாயத்துகள்', கிராமங்களின் தொகுப்புகளுக்கான 'வட்டார வளர்ச்சி மன்றங்கள்', மற்றும் மாவட்டங்களுக்கான 'மாவட்டக் குழுக்கள் என்பனவாகும். இந்தியாவில் ஏராளமான அரசியல் கட்சிகள் உள்ளன. தற்போதைய ஆளும் கட்சியான இந்து தேசியவாத பாரதிய ஜனதா கட்சி, அரசாங்கத்தில் அங்கம் வகிக்கும் தேசிய ஜனநாயகக் கூட்டணியின் அங்கம் வகிக்கும் பிற அரசியல் கட்சிகள், மற்றும் மைய-இடதுசாரி இந்திய தேசிய காங்கிரசு ஆகியவை பிரதான எதிர்க்கட்சிகளாகும். இந்த இந்திய தேசிய காங்கிரசு, இந்திய தேசிய வளர்ச்சி உள்ளடக்கிய கூட்டணி (இந்தியா) எனப்படும் பல அரசியல் கட்சிகளைக் கொண்ட ஒரு பெரிய எதிர்க்கட்சிக் கூட்டணியின் ஒரு பகுதியாகும். இந்தியாவில் வலிமையான மற்றும் சுதந்திரமான நீதித்துறையும், சுதந்திரமான பத்திரிகைத் துறையும் உள்ளன. எந்தவொரு சனநாயக நாட்டிலும் நடப்பதைப் போலவே, தெரு ஆர்ப்பாட்டங்கள், போராட்டங்கள் மற்றும் கிளர்ச்சிகள் நடைபெறுகின்றன. அவ்வப்போது குறைந்த அளவிலான அரசியல் வன்முறைகளும் நிகழ்கின்றன; அவற்றில் ஒரு பார்வையாளர் பிடிபடுவதற்கான வாய்ப்பு மிக மிகக் குறைவு. === பண்பாடு === {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பண்பாட்டு அதிர்ச்சி|மகாராஜாக்களையும் பிரம்மாண்டமான அரண்மனைகளையும் எதிர்பார்த்து வரும் பல சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள், வறுமையைக் காணும்போது அதிர்ச்சிக்குள்ளாகிறார்கள். பின்வருவனவற்றிற்குத் தயாராக இருங்கள்: * '''கவன ஈர்ப்பு''' – சிலர் வெளிநாட்டுச் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைத் தயக்கமின்றி உற்று நோக்குவார்கள்; மேலும், இடைத்தரகர்கள் மற்றும் பிச்சைக்காரர்கள் இவர்களை எளிதில் சூழ்ந்துகொள்வார்கள். மக்கள் தங்கள் அலைபேசிகளை உங்கள் முகத்திற்கு மிக அருகில் கொண்டு வந்து புகைப்படம் எடுக்கலாம். அப்போது உங்கள் முகத்தைத் திருப்பிக்கொள்ளுங்கள். பிச்சைக்காரர்கள், குறிப்பாக ஊட்டச்சத்துக் குறைபாடுள்ள குழந்தைகள் மற்றும் கடுமையான உடல் ஊனமுற்றவர்கள், மனதை மிகவும் பாதிக்கும் வகையில் இருக்கலாம். * '''கூட்டம்''' – இந்தியாவின் பல தெருக்கள், சந்தைகள் மற்றும் வணிகப் பகுதிகள் மக்கள், வாகனங்கள் மற்றும் சில சமயங்களில் விலங்குகளால் நிரம்பி வழிகின்றன. மேலும் தெருக்கள் குறுகலாகவும் இருக்கின்றன. பேருந்துகள் அல்லது ரயில்களில் மிகக் குறைந்த கட்டண வகுப்பில் பயணம் செய்தால், அங்கேயும் கூட்டம் அதிகமாக இருக்கும், இது மிகுந்த சோர்வை ஏற்படுத்தலாம். * '''நாய்கள்''' – இந்தியாவில் எல்லா இடங்களிலும் தெருநாய்களைக் காணலாம். அவை மக்களைப் பற்றிக் கவலைப்படாமல் சாதாரணமாகப் படுத்திருக்கலாம் அல்லது ஆக்ரோஷமாக குரைக்கலாம். சில சமயங்களில் அவை கூட்டமாகத் தெருக்களில் சுற்றித் திரியும். அவை நட்பாகத் தோன்றினாலும், அவற்றிலிருந்து விலகி இருப்பதே சிறந்தது. இந்தியாவில் நாய்களுக்கு நாடு தழுவிய ''வெறிநாய்க்கடி தடுப்பூசித் திட்டங்கள்'' இல்லை, மேலும் அவற்றின் உடல்நல நிலை என்னவென்று உங்களுக்குத் தெரியாது. * '''அசுத்தம்''' – நகரங்களில் அழுக்கு, குப்பைகள் மற்றும் பூச்சிகள் நிறைந்து காணப்படுகின்றன. சாலையோரங்கள் சில சமயங்களில் சிறுநீர் கழிக்கும் இடமாகவோ அல்லது குட்கா துப்பிய கறைகள் நிறைந்த இடமாகவோ இருக்கலாம். சில இடங்களில் தார்ச் சாலைகள் இல்லாததால் சாலைகளில் தூசி அதிகமாக இருக்கும்; எனவே பேருந்தில் பயணம் செய்யும்போது, ​​தேவைப்பட்டால் ஜன்னலை விரைவாக மூடிவிடுவது நல்லது. * '''இரைச்சல்''' – வாகன ஓட்டிகள் தொடர்ந்து ஒலிப்பான் பயன் படுத்துகிறார்கள்; ரேடியோ மற்றும் தொலைக்காட்சிகளில் பாலிவுட் பாடல்கள் சத்தமாக ஒலிக்கின்றன; மேலும் கோயில்கள், மசூதிகள் மற்றும் தேவாலயங்கள் கூட தங்கள் செய்திகளைப் பரப்ப ஒலிபெருக்கிகளைப் பயன்படுத்துகின்றன. வாகனம் ஓட்டும்போது ஒலிப்பான் பயன்படுத்துவது மற்ற ஓட்டுநர்கள் அல்லது பாதசாரிகளின் கவனத்தை ஈர்ப்பதற்காகவே செய்யப்படுகிறது — மக்கள் பெரும்பாலும் வலது அல்லது இடதுபுறம் பார்க்காமலேயே சாலைக்கு வந்துவிடுவார்கள். ஆபத்து ஏதேனும் இருந்தால் யாராவது ஒலிப்பான் பயன்படுத்துவார்கள் என்று அவர்கள் எதிர்பார்க்கிறார்கள். * '''மாசுபாடு''' – வட இந்திய நகரங்கள் (குறிப்பாக தில்லி) இதனால் கடுமையாகப் பாதிக்கப்படுகின்றன. வாகனப் புகையும் தூசியும் கலப்பதால், வறண்ட காலநிலையானது ஆஸ்துமா நோயாளிகளுக்கு ஒரு மோசமான அனுபவமாக அமையலாம். நகரமயமாக்கலால் ஏற்படும் இத்தகைய சிக்கல்களுக்குப் பெரும்பாலான பார்வையாளர்கள் விரைவிலேயே பழகிவிடுவதோடு, அதன் நல்ல அம்சங்களையும் காணத் தொடங்குகிறார்கள். இருப்பினும், வருகையின் முதல் சில நாட்களில் நிதானமாகச் செயல்படுங்கள். அத்துடன் இச்சூழலிலிருந்து சற்று விலகி ஓய்வெடுக்கவும் நேரம் ஒதுக்குங்கள்.}} இந்தியாவின் செழுமையான மற்றும் பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்ட பண்பாடுகளில் மதமும், ஆன்மீகக் கருப்பொருள்களும் முக்கிய இடம் வகிக்கின்றன. நாடு முழுவதும் ஒரே பண்பாடு என்று கருதுவது தவறானதாக இருந்தாலும், பல்வேறு பண்பாடுகளை ஒன்றிணைக்கும் பொதுவான அம்சங்கள் நிச்சயமாக உள்ளன. எண்ணற்ற மொழிகள் வாயிலாக இந்தியாவின் பண்பாட்டுப் பாரம்பரியம் வெளிப்படுகிறது. இம்மொழிகளில் மிகச்சிறந்த இலக்கியங்களும் கவிதைகளும் படைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. கருநாடக மற்றும் இந்துஸ்தானி போன்ற பாரம்பரிய இசை வடிவங்களிலும், நவீன ''பாலிவுட்'' இசையிலும் இந்தக் பண்பாடின் வெளிப்பாட்டைக் காண முடிகிறது. மேலும், பாரம்பரிய மற்றும் நாட்டுப்புற நடனங்களின் பரந்த மரபையும் இந்தியா கொண்டுள்ளது. மேற்கத்திய பண்பாட்டுத் தாக்கங்கள் தொடர்ந்து அதிகரித்து வரும் சூழலிலும், நாட்டின் பரபரப்பான நகரங்களில் கலை மற்றும் நாடகக் கலைகள் செழித்தோங்கி வருகின்றன. இந்தியர்கள் தங்கள் குடும்ப அமைப்பிற்கு மிகுந்த முக்கியத்துவம் அளிக்கின்றனர். ஒரு இந்தியக் குடும்பம் பொதுவாக மேற்கத்திய நாடுகள் ''விரிவாக்கப்பட்ட குடும்பம்'' என்று கருதும் அமைப்பைக் கொண்டதாக உள்ளது. இந்தியர்கள் தங்கள் வாழ்நாள் முழுவதும் தந்தையின் வழி வந்த குடும்ப அமைப்பின் ஒரு பகுதியாகவே வாழ்வது வழக்கம். மகன்கள் தங்கள் வாழ்நாள் முழுவதும், மகள்கள் திருமணம் ஆகும் வரையிலும் பெற்றோருடன் வசிக்கின்றனர். இக்குடும்ப அமைப்பில் உள்ள உறவுகள் பரஸ்பரம் ஒருவருக்கொருவர் ஆதரவளிக்கும் தன்மையைக் கொண்டவை. மேற்கத்திய நாடுகளில் வழக்கமாக இருப்பதை விட நீண்ட காலத்திற்குப் பெற்றோர்கள் தங்கள் பிள்ளைகளுக்கு ஆதரவளிக்கலாம். சகோதர சகோதரிகள் ஒருவருக்கொருவர் உதவிக் கொள்ளலாம். மேலும், மகன்கள் தங்கள் பெற்றோரின் முதுமைக் காலத்தில் அவர்களைக் கவனித்துக் கொள்வது எதிர்பார்க்கப்படுகிறது. மேற்கத்திய நாடுகளின் சில பகுதிகளில் இருப்பது போல, பெற்றோருடன் வசிப்பது என்பது இங்கு ஒரு குறையாகவோ அல்லது அவமானமாகவோ கருதப்படுவதில்லை. இயல்பாகவே, இத்தகைய குடும்ப அமைப்புகளில் குறைபாடுகள் இல்லாமல் இல்லை; குறிப்பாக மூன்றாம் தலைமுறை வளரும்போது கருத்து வேறுபாடுகளோ அல்லது குடும்பப் பிரிவினைகளோ ஏற்படக்கூடும். மேலும், கல்வி மற்றும் வேலைவாய்ப்புக்காகப் பிள்ளைகள் தங்கள் பெற்றோர் வீட்டிலிருந்து வெளியேறிச் செல்வதும் இப்போது சாதாரணமாகிவிட்டது. இருப்பினும், இன்றும் விரிவாக்கப்பட்ட குடும்பம் என்பதே இயல்பான மற்றும் விரும்பத்தக்க ஒரு சிறந்த அமைப்பாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது என்று கூறுவது சரியே. மேலும், ஒன்றாக வசிக்காத நிலையிலும் இந்தியர்கள் தங்கள் குடும்பத்தின் கௌரவம், சாதனைகள் மற்றும் தோல்விகள் குறித்து அக்கறை கொண்டவர்களாகவே இருக்கிறார்கள். இந்திய அரசால் அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாகத் தடை செய்யப்பட்டிருக்கும் ''சாதி அமைப்பு முறை'' பலவீனமடைந்த நிலையிலும், இந்தியா இன்றும் சமூகப் படிநிலைகள் கொண்ட ஒரு சமூகமாகவே நீடிக்கிறது. தனிநபர் சுதந்திரத்திற்கு முக்கியத்துவம் அளிக்கும் மேற்கத்திய நாடுகளைக் காட்டிலும், இந்தியாவில் ஒருவரின் பின்னணி மற்றும் சமூக அந்தஸ்து ஆகியவற்றிற்கு மக்கள் அதிக முக்கியத்துவம் அளிக்கின்றனர். காலனித்துவ ஆட்சியின் தாக்கமும் இந்த மனப்பான்மையும் இணையும்போது, ​​சில சுவாரஸ்யமான அதேசமயம் துரதிர்ஷ்டவசமான விளைவுகள் ஏற்படுகின்றன. சருமவண்ணத்தின் அடிப்படையில் சமூகப் படிநிலையில் உயர்வு, தாழ்வு இன்னமும் நாட்டின் பல பகுதிகளிலும் தொடர்கின்றன. இந்தியர்கள் வெளிநாட்டினரிடம் மட்டுமல்லாமல், தங்களுக்குள்ளேயும் கூட சரும நிறம் மற்றும் இனத்தின் அடிப்படையில் இத்தகைய பாரபட்சமான மனப்பான்மையை வெளிப்படுத்துகிறார்கள். இது குறித்த கூடுதல் தகவல்களுக்கு [[#பாதுகாப்புடன் இருங்கள்]] மற்றும் [[#மதிப்பளியுங்கள்]] ஆகிய பகுதிகளைப் பார்க்கவும். ''சித்தி'' எனப்படும் ஒரு சமூகத்தினரும் உள்ளனர். இவர்கள் அரேபிய அடிமை வர்த்தகத்தின் மூலம் இந்தியாவிற்குக் கொண்டுவரப்பட்ட கிழக்கு ஆப்பிரிக்க அடிமைகளின் வழித்தோன்றல்கள் என்று கருதப்படுகிறார்கள். இவர்கள் பெரும்பாலும் தொலைதூரக் கிராமப்புறங்களில் காணப்படுகிறார்கள். தற்காலத்தில் இவர்கள் ஆப்பிரிக்க மொழிகளுக்குப் பதிலாக இந்திய மொழிகளையே பேசினாலும், ஆப்பிரிக்க நடனம் மற்றும் இசை உள்ளிட்ட பல ஆப்பிரிக்கப் பண்பாட்டு மரபுகளைத் தொடர்ந்து கடைப்பிடித்து வருகின்றனர். இவர்கள் இந்தியக் குடிமக்களாக இருந்தபோதிலும், இவர்களின் இருப்பைப் பற்றிய பொதுமக்களின் விழிப்புணர்வு இன்மையால், இவர்கள் தொடர்ந்து பல பாகுபாடுகளுக்கு ஆளாகின்றனர். மேலும், இவர்கள் பெரும்பாலும் ஆப்பிரிக்காவிலிருந்து வந்த சட்டவிரோதக் குடியேறிகளாகவே தவறாகக் கருதப்படுகிறார்கள். பிரித்தானிய ஆட்சியின் விளைவாக ''ஆங்கிலோ-இந்தியர்'' எனப்படும் கலப்பு இனத்தவர் உருவானார்கள். இந்திய விடுதலைக்குப் பிறகு இவர்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் மேற்கத்திய நாடுகளுக்குக் குடிபெயர்ந்தாலும், இச்சமூகத்தைச் சேர்ந்தவர்கள் இந்தியாவின் முக்கிய நகரங்களில் இன்னும் சில இடங்களில் வசிக்கின்றனர். === மாநிலங்கள் மற்றும் ஒன்றிய பிரதேசங்கள் === இந்திய அரசியலமைப்பின்படி, இந்தியா மாநிலங்களின் ஒன்றியமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. இந்திய ஜனநாயகத்தின் இத்தகைய கூட்டாட்சித் தன்மையானது சமத்துவத்தை ஊக்குவிப்பதோடு, பரந்த நிலப்பரப்பைக் கொண்ட நாட்டின் நிர்வாகத்தையும் எளிதாக்குகிறது. இது தவிர, ஒன்றிய அரசால் நேரடியாக நிர்வகிக்கப்படும் சில பிரதேசங்களும் உள்ளன; அவை "ஒன்றிய பிரதேசங்கள்" என்று அழைக்கப்படுகின்றன. {{Wy/ta/Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=yes}} # [[Wy/ta/ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்|ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/அசாம்|அசாம்]] # [[Wy/ta/பிகார்|பிகார்]] # [[Wy/ta/சத்தீசுகர்|சத்தீசுகர்]] # [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவா]] # [[Wy/ta/குசராத்து|குசராத்து]] # [[Wy/ta/அரியானா|அரியானா]] # [[Wy/ta/இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/சார்க்கண்டு|சார்க்கண்டு]] # [[Wy/ta/கருநாடகம்|கருநாடகம்]] # [[Wy/ta/கேரளம்|கேரளம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மத்தியப் பிரதேசம்|மத்தியப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மகாராட்டிரம்|மகாராட்டிரம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூர்]] # [[Wy/ta/மேகாலயா|மேகாலயா]] # [[Wy/ta/மிசோரம்|மிசோரம்]] # [[Wy/ta/நாகாலாந்து|நாகாலாந்து]] # [[Wy/ta/ஒடிசா|ஒடிசா]] # [[Wy/ta/பஞ்சாப்|பஞ்சாப்]] # [[Wy/ta/இராசத்தான்|இராசத்தான்]] # [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] # [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] # [[Wy/ta/திரிபுரா|திரிபுரா]] # [[Wy/ta/உத்தராகண்டம்|உத்தராகண்டம்]] # [[Wy/ta/உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்|உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மேற்கு வங்காளம்|மேற்கு வங்காளம்]] # [[Wy/ta/தெலங்காணா|தெலங்காணா]] {{Wy/ta/Div col end}} '''ஒன்றிய பிரதேசங்கள்''' என்றழைக்கப்படும் ஒன்றியப் பகுதிகள்: {{Wy/ta/Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=yes}} # [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]] # [[Wy/ta/சண்டிகர்|சண்டிகர்]] # [[Wy/ta/சம்மு காசுமீர் (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)|சம்மு காசுமீர்]] # [[Wy/ta/தாத்ரா மற்றும் நகர் அவேலி, மற்றும் தமண் மற்றும் தீவ்|தாத்ரா மற்றும் நகர் அவேலி, மற்றும் தமண் மற்றும் தீவ்]] # [[Wy/ta/லட்சத்தீவுகள்|லட்சத்தீவுகள்]] # [[Wy/ta/புதுச்சேரி|புதுச்சேரி]] # [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]] # [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கு|இலடாக்கு]] {{Wy/ta/Div col end}} == பேச்சுமொழி == [[File:Trilingual signboard in the Imphal International Airport (Tulihal International Airport) displaying in Meitei, Hindi and English languages.jpg|thumb|மெய்டேய், இந்தி மற்றும் ஆங்கிலத்தில் [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூரில்]] மும்மொழிக் குறியீடு]] ஒன்றிய (கூட்டாட்சி) மட்டத்தில், இந்தியாவின் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ மொழிகள் '''[[Wy/ta/இந்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|இந்தி]]''' மற்றும் '''[[Wy/ta/ஆங்கில மொழிவகைகள்|ஆங்கிலம்]].''' பெரும்பாலான இந்தியர்கள் பன்மொழி பேசுபவர்கள். ஓரளவிற்கு அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாக இருக்கும் பிற மொழிகள் (பெரும்பாலும் மாநில அளவில்) [[Wy/ta/அசாமிய சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''அசாமிய மொழி''']], [[Wy/ta/வங்காள சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''வங்காள மொழி''']], [[Wy/ta/போடோ சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''போடோ''']], [[Wy/ta/டோக்ரி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''டோக்ரி''']], [[Wy/ta/குசராத்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''குசராத்தி''']], [[Wy/ta/கன்னட சொற்றொடர்நூல் |'''கன்னடம்''']], [[Wy/ta/காசுமீரி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''காசுமீரி''']], [[Wy/ta/கொங்கணி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''கொங்கணி''']], [[Wy/ta/மைதிலி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''மைதிலி''']], [[Wy/ta/மலையாள சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''மலையாளம்''']], [[Wy/ta/மராத்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''மராத்திய மொழி''']], [[Wy/ta/நேபாளி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''நேபாளி''']], [[Wy/ta/ஒடியா சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''ஒடியா''']], [[Wy/ta/பஞ்சாபி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''பஞ்சாபி''']], [[Wy/ta/சமசுகிருதம் சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''சமசுகிருதம்''']], [[Wy/ta/சிந்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''சிந்தி''']], '''தமிழ்''', '''[[Wy/ta/தெலுங்கு சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''தெலுங்கு''']] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/உருது சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''உருது''']]. இவை தவிர குறைவான முக்கியத்துவம் வாய்ந்த நூற்றுக்கணக்கான மொழிகள் உள்ளன: [[Wy/ta/துளு சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''துளு''']], [[Wy/ta/போஜ்புரி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''போஜ்புரி''']] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''இலடாக்கி''']]. இந்திய மக்கள் தொகையில் 40–50% மக்களால் பேசப்படும் '''இந்தி''' மொழி, வட இந்தியாவின் பொதுத் தொடர்பு மொழியாக விளங்குகிறது. இருப்பினும், இந்தியாவின் மொழிசார் பன்முகத்தன்மை காரணமாக, தேசிய அளவில் இதன் பயன்பாடு சில சமயங்களில் விவாதத்திற்குரியதாக அமைகிறது. [[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்தியா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா|வடகிழக்கு இந்தியாவில்]] இந்தி மொழி பேச்சுவழக்கில் மிகக் குறைவாகவே உள்ளது; எனினும், பள்ளிகளில் இது கட்டாயப் பாடமாக இருப்பதால், பெரும்பாலான மக்களால் இதைப் புரிந்துகொள்ள முடிகிறது. இந்தியாவில் 120-க்கும் மேற்பட்ட இந்தி மொழி வட்டார வழக்குகள் உள்ளன. அவற்றுள் ஒன்று ''அரியான்வி'' ஆகும்; இது அரியானா மற்றும் தில்லிப் பகுதிகளில் பரவலாகப் பேசப்படும் ஒரு வட்டார வழக்காகும். நகர்ப்புறங்களில் '''ஆங்கிலம்''' பேசப்படுகிறது; மேலும் இது உயர்கல்வி மற்றும் வணிகத் துறைகளில் முதன்மையான மொழியாகவும், நாட்டின் பொதுத் தகவல் தொடர்பு மொழியாகவும் விளங்குகிறது. ''இந்திய ஆங்கிலம்'' பொதுவாக பிரித்தானிய ஆங்கிலத்தை அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்டிருப்பினும், அது தனித்துவமான இந்தியப் பாணியையும் கொண்டுள்ளது. இந்த வட்டார வழக்கைப் பற்றி பெரும்பாலும் முன்வைக்கப்படும் விமர்சனம் அதன் "முறையற்ற" இலக்கணப் பயன்பாடு குறித்ததாகும்; இது பிற நாடுகளைச் சேர்ந்த ஆங்கிலம் பேசுபவர்களுக்கு விசித்திரமாகத் தோன்றலாம். இந்திய ஆங்கிலம் பெரும்பாலும் ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட உச்சரிப்புப் பாணியுடன் பேசப்படுகிறது. இந்த உச்சரிப்பு பேசுபவரின் தாய்மொழியைப் பொறுத்து மாறுபடுகிறது. மேலும், இதில் உள்ளூர் மொழிகளிலிருந்து பெறப்பட்ட பல சொற்கள் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன (இவை பிற ஆங்கில வகைகளில் காணப்படுவதில்லை), இதனால் பிற பகுதிகளைச் சேர்ந்த, ஆங்கிலத்தைத் தாய்மொழியாகக் கொண்டிராதவர்கள் இதனைப் புரிந்துகொள்வது சவாலாக அமையலாம். கிராமப்புறங்களில் ஆங்கிலப் புலமை குறைவாகவே இருப்பதால், அங்கு பயணம் செய்யும்போது இந்தி மற்றும்/அல்லது உள்ளூர் மொழியின் அடிப்படைகளைக் கற்றுக்கொள்வது பயனுள்ளதாக இருக்கும். சர்வதேசப் பள்ளிகள் மற்றும் ஆங்கில வழிப் பள்ளிகளின் பரவலான இருப்பு காரணமாக, இளைஞர்களிடையே ஆங்கில அறிவு இருப்பதற்கான வாய்ப்பு அதிகம்; இருப்பினும், எப்போதும் போல, அவர்களது ஆங்கிலப் புலமை முழுமையற்றதாகவோ அல்லது பிழைகள் நிறைந்ததாகவோ இருக்கலாம். இந்திய ஆங்கிலத்தின் சில சிறப்பம்சங்கள்: * மிகவும் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் கேள்வித் துணுக்கு '''"Isn't it"''' ஆகும்; இது ஒரு உண்மையான கேள்வியைக் கேட்கவோ, அல்லது கிண்டல், திகைப்பு போன்ற உணர்வுகளை வெளிப்படுத்தவோ பயன்படுத்தப்படலாம். (எ.கா. ''"He is from Tamil Nadu, isn't it?"'') * பெயர்ச்சொற்கள் பொதுவாகப் பன்மையாக மாற்றப்படுகின்றன (எ.கா. ''furniture'' அல்லது ''stuff'' என்பதற்குப் பதிலாக ''furnitures'' அல்லது ''stuffs'' என்று பயன்படுத்துவது). * வினைச்சொற்கள் மாறுபட்ட வடிவங்களில் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன (எ.கா. ''knew'' அல்லது ''bought'' என்பதற்குப் பதிலாக ''knowed'' அல்லது ''buyed'' என்று பயன்படுத்துவது). * பேச்சுவழக்குச் சொற்கள், வட்டார வழக்குகள் மற்றும் மரபுத்தொடர்கள் பரவலாகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன; இவற்றில் சில, இந்தியர் அல்லாதவர்களால் முரட்டுத்தனமான அல்லது நாகரிகமற்றவையாகக் கருதப்படலாம் (எ.கா. ''What do you want?'' என்பதற்குப் பதிலாக ''What you want?'' என்று கேட்பது). * முன்னிடைச்சொற்கள் மற்றும் சுட்டுச்சொற்கள் பெரும்பாலும் தவிர்க்கப்படுகின்றன அல்லது விசித்திரமான முறையில் இணைக்கப்படுகின்றன (எ.கா., ''"I want a computer"'' என்பதற்குப் பதிலாக ''"I want computer"'' என்று கூறுவது). * சில சொற்கள் மற்றும் சொற்றொடர்கள் வேறு இடங்களில் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் அதே அர்த்தத்தில் பயன்படுத்தப்படுவதில்லை (எ.கா., ''"vote bank"'' - இது ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட அரசியல் கட்சியை ஆதரிக்கும் மக்கள் குழுவைக் குறிக்கிறது). ஆங்கில மொழித் தொலைக்காட்சி நிகழ்ச்சிகளும் திரைப்படங்களும் பரவலாகக் காணப்படுகின்றன. இந்திய மொழிகளிலான சேனல்களை விட ஆங்கிலத் தொலைக்காட்சி சேனல்களே அதிக எண்ணிக்கையில் உள்ளன. நீங்கள் இருக்கும் இடத்தைப் பொறுத்து, சில நிகழ்ச்சிகள் வேறு மொழிகளில் மொழிமாற்றம் செய்யப்பட்டு ஒளிபரப்பப்படலாம். கேபிள் டிவி சேனல்களில் பெரும்பாலும் பல ஒலி மொழிகளில் ஒன்றைத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கும் வசதி உள்ளது. '''சமசுகிருதம்''' பண்டைய இந்திய இலக்கியங்கள் மற்றும் இந்து, பௌத்த மத நூல்கள் பெரும்பாலும் எழுதப்பட்ட மொழி ஆகும். இது மிகப்பழமையான மொழிகளில் ஒன்றாக, அல்லது மிகப்பழமையான மொழியாகவே கருதப்படுகிறது. இன்று சமசுகிருதம் முக்கியமாக வழிபாட்டு மொழியாகவே நிலைத்திருக்கிறது. இதனைத் தாய்மொழியாகக் கொண்டவர்கள் மிகச் சிலரே என்றாலும், இந்தியாவில் பலர் பள்ளியில் ஒரு பாடமாக இதைக் கற்றுள்ளனர் அல்லது இதில் உள்ள பெரும்பாலான சொற்களைப் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்கள். பல நவீன இந்திய மொழிகள் சமசுகிருதத்திலிருந்து தோன்றியவை; சமசுகிருதத்துடன் நேரடித் தொடர்பில்லாத மொழிகள் கூட அதன் வலுவான தாக்கத்திற்கு உட்பட்டுள்ளன. இந்தி உள்ளிட்ட பெரும்பாலான வட இந்திய மொழிகள் சமசுகிருதத்திலிருந்து தோன்றியவை என்றாலும், தென்னிந்தியாவின் முக்கிய மொழிகளான [[Wy/ta/தெலுங்குச் சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''தெலுங்கு''']], தமிழ், [[Wy/ta/கன்னடச் சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''கன்னடம்''']] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மலையாள சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''மலையாளம்''']] ஆகியவை வேறுபட்ட ஒரு மூல மொழியிலிருந்து தோன்றியவை. இவை திராவிட மொழிகள் என்று அழைக்கப்படுகின்றன. ஒரு சுவையான விஷயம் என்னவென்றால், அப்பகுதிகளில் இஸ்லாமிய ஆட்சி குறைவாகவே இருந்ததால், இந்தியை விட தெலுங்கு, கன்னடம் மற்றும் மலையாளம் ஆகிய மொழிகளில் சமசுகிருதத்தின் தாக்கம் அதிகமாகவே காணப்படுகிறது. வடகிழக்கு இந்தியாவில், [[Wy/ta/மணிப்புரி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|'''மணிப்புரி''']] (அல்லது ''மெய்தெய்'') மொழி சீன-திபெத்திய மொழிக்குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்தது; இது சீனம், பர்மீயம் மற்றும் திபெத்தியம் ஆகிய மொழிகளுடன் தொடர்புடையது என்பதால், பிற இந்திய மொழிகளிலிருந்து தனித்து விளங்குகிறது. இருப்பினும், நீங்கள் செல்லவிருக்கும் இடத்தின் உள்ளூர் மொழியில் முடிந்தவரை சில சொற்களையாவது கற்றுக்கொள்வது நல்லது. மக்கள் தங்கள் மாநிலம் அல்லது பிராந்தியத்தின் பண்பாடு மற்றும் மொழி குறித்துப் பெருமிதம் கொள்கிறார்கள், எனவே வெளியிலிருந்து வருபவர் ஒருவர் அம்மொழியில் உரையாட முயற்சிப்பதை அவர்கள் பெரிதும் மதிப்பார்கள். நகர்ப்புற இளைஞர்களிடையே ஆங்கிலம் மற்றும் உள்ளூர் மொழி ஆகியவற்றை மாறி மாறிப் பயன்படுத்தும் வழக்கம் காணப்பட்டாலும், அந்நியர்களிடம் பேசும்போது படித்தவர்கள் பலரும் தரமான ஆங்கிலத்தையே (பிரித்தானிய ஆங்கிலம்) பயன்படுத்துவார்கள். எசுக்காண்டினாவிய மொழிகளைப் போலவே, பல இந்திய மொழிகளிலும் "தயவுசெய்து" என்ற சொல்லுக்கு இடமில்லை. அதற்குப் பதிலாக, மரியாதை மற்றும் முறைமையின் நிலைகளைக் குறிக்கும் பல வடிவங்களில் வினைச்சொற்கள் உள்ளன. ஆங்கிலத்தில் அத்தகைய வேறுபாடு இல்லாததால், இந்தியர்கள் ஒரு மேற்கத்தியருக்குக் கட்டளையிடுபவர்களாகவும் தோன்றலாம். ''இங்கே வா'' போன்ற சொற்றொடர்களை நீங்கள் கேட்கலாம்; அவை மேற்கத்திய பண்பாடுகளைச் சேர்ந்த ஆங்கிலம் பேசுபவர்களுக்குக் கட்டளையிடுவது போல் ஒலிக்கலாம், ஆனால் இது முரட்டுத்தனமாகக் கருதப்படுவதல்ல. '''சொற்கள் சாராத தகவல் பரிமாற்றமும்''' முக்கியமானது. "ஆம்" மற்றும் "இல்லை" என்பதைக் குறிக்க இந்தியர்கள் தலையை அசைக்கும் விதம் குழப்பத்தை ஏற்படுத்துவதாகப் பலரும் பேசுகின்றனர்; ஆனால், இந்தியர்கள் '''ஆம், சரி மற்றும் இல்லை ஆகியவற்றுக்கு வெவ்வேறு விதமான தலை அசைவுகளைக் கொண்டுள்ளனர்''' என்பதைப் புரிந்துகொள்வதே முக்கியமான விஷயமாகும். * அவர்கள் தங்கள் தலையை '''மேலிருந்து கீழாக''' அசைத்தால், அது '''ஆம்''' அல்லது '''நான் ஒப்புக்கொள்கிறேன்''' என்பதைக் குறிக்கிறது (இது ஒரு வழக்கமான தலையசைப்பு). * அவர்கள் தங்கள் தலையை வலமிருந்து இடமாகவும் மீண்டும் பழைய நிலைக்கு வருமாறும் '''சாய்வாக''' அசைத்தால், அது '''எனக்குப் புரிகிறது''' அல்லது '''நீங்கள் சொன்னதை நான் புரிந்துகொண்டேன்''' என்பதைக் குறிக்கிறது. * அவர்கள் தங்கள் தலையை பக்கவாட்டில் (இடமிருந்து வலமாகவும் வலமிருந்து இடமாகவும்) அசைத்தால், அது '''இல்லை''' என்பதைக் குறிக்கிறது. * வட இந்தியா மற்றும் தென் இந்தியாவில் இந்தச் சைகைகள் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் விதத்தில் வேறுபாடுகள் உள்ளன. வட இந்தியாவில் தலையை முன்னும் பின்னும் அசைப்பது 'ஆம்' என்பதையும், தீவிரமாக இடமும் வலமும் அசைப்பது 'இல்லை' என்பதையும் குறிக்கிறது; ஆனால், தமிழ்நாட்டைப் போன்ற தென் மாநிலங்களில் அந்தப் பக்கவாட்டு அசைவு 'ஆம்' என்று கூடப் புரிந்துகொள்ளப்படலாம். எனவே, தென்னிந்தியாவில் சரியான பொருளைப் புரிந்துகொள்ள, அந்த அசைவுகளுடன் வெளிப்படும் வாய்மொழிச் சைகைகளையும் (உதாரணமாக, 'ஆம்' என்பதற்கு 'ஆங்' அல்லது 'ஆ' என்பது போன்ற ஒலிகள்) கவனிக்க வேண்டும். == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == {{Wy/ta/VisaRestriction |இந்தியாவின் சில மாநிலங்களுக்குச் செல்ல அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் தேவைப்படுகின்றன. [[Wy/ta/ஆப்கானித்தான்|ஆப்கானித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/வங்காளதேசம்|வங்காளதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனா]] ([[Wy/ta/ஆங்காங்|ஆங்காங்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மக்காவு|மக்காவு]] உட்பட) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மியான்மார்|மியான்மார்]] ஆகிய நாடுகளின் குடிமக்கள் அல்லது முன்னாள் குடிமக்கள், உள்துறை அமைச்சகத்திடமிருந்து சிறப்பு அனுமதி பெற்றிருந்தாலன்றி, பொதுவாக இத்தகைய அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகளைப் பெறத் தகுதியற்றவர்கள் ஆவர். * '''கட்டுப்படுத்தப்பட்ட பகுதி அனுமதி (''RAP''):''' [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] ஆகியவற்றின் சில பகுதிகளுக்குள் நுழைய தேவைப்படுகிறது. [[Wy/ta/ஆப்கானித்தான்|ஆப்கானித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]] ஆகிய நாடுகளின் குடிமக்கள் மற்றும் முன்னாள் குடிமக்கள், [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகளின்]] எந்தவொரு பகுதிக்கும் செல்லவும் இந்த அனுமதியைப் பெற வேண்டும். * '''பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட பகுதி அனுமதி (''PAP''):''' [[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/சம்மு காசுமீர் (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)|சம்மு காசுமீர்]], [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கு|இலடாக்கு]], [[Wy/ta/இராசத்தான்|இராசத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/உத்தராகண்டம்|உத்தராகண்டம்]] ஆகியவற்றின் சில பகுதிகளுக்குள் நுழைவதற்கு தேவைப்படுகிறது. * '''உள்-வரிசை அனுமதி (''ILP''):''' நீங்கள் இந்தியக் குடிமகனாக இருந்தால், [[Wy/ta/மிசோரம்|மிசோரம்]], [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூர்]], [[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/நாகாலாந்து|நாகாலாந்து]] ஆகிய மாநிலங்களுக்குள் நுழைய தேவைப்படுகிறது. பெரும்பாலான வெளிநாட்டினர் இந்த அனுமதி இல்லாமலே அங்கு செல்லலாம்; ஆனால், அங்கு சென்றடைந்ததும் உள்ளூர் காவல்துறையினரிடம் தங்களைப் பதிவு செய்துகொள்ள வேண்டும். அதேவேளையில், [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] மாநிலத்திற்குச் செல்லும் அனைவரும், அவர்களின் குடியுரிமை எதுவாக இருந்தாலும், உள்-வரிசை அனுமதியைப் பெற வேண்டியது கட்டாயமாகும். எனினும், வெளிநாட்டினர் பொதுவாக எல்லைப் பகுதியிலேயே இதைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ள முடியும். நீங்கள் இப்பகுதிகளில் ஏதேனும் ஒன்றிற்குச் செல்லத் திட்டமிட்டிருந்தால், இந்திய விசாவுக்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கும்போதே அதற்கான உரிய அனுமதியைக் கோர வேண்டும். அனுமதி வழங்கப்பட்டால், அது உங்கள் விசாவில் சேர்க்கப்படும். எனினும், எளிதாகப் பெறக்கூடிய ''மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம்'' அல்லது ''மின்னணு விசா'' மூலம் இதைச் செய்ய முடியாது. வழக்கமான விசாக்களுக்கு மட்டுமே இது பொருந்தும். |lastedit=permanent }} [[File:Visa Policy Of India.svg|thumb|இந்தியாவின் விசா கொள்கை.]] மஞ்சள் காய்ச்சல் பாதிப்புள்ள நாடுகளைச் சேர்ந்த குடிமக்கள் அல்லது அந்நாடுகளிலிருந்து வரும் பயணிகள், இந்தியாவுக்கு வருகை தரும்போது '''மஞ்சள் காய்ச்சல் தடுப்பூசி அட்டை'''யை வைத்திருக்க வேண்டும்; இல்லையெனில், அவர்கள் 6 நாட்களுக்குத் தனிமைப்படுத்தப்படலாம். இந்தியாவிற்குப் பயணம் செய்யும் அனைத்து வெளிநாட்டுப் பயணிகளும் (''இந்தியக் கடல்கடந்த குடிமகன்'' ஆவணதாரர்கள் உட்பட) வருகைக்கு முன்பாக, கட்டாயமான '''எண்ம மின்னணு-வருகை அட்டையை''' பூர்த்தி செய்ய வேண்டும். இந்திய மின்னணு-வருகை அட்டை என்பது, 1 அக்டோபர் 2025 அன்று அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்ட, பாரம்பரிய காகித இறங்குதளப் படிவத்தின் எண்ம வடிவமாகும். இது, முன்பு விமானங்களிலோ அல்லது குடிவரவு கல்லாக்களிலோ பூர்த்தி செய்யப்பட்ட காகித இறங்குதள அட்டைக்கு மாற்றாக வந்துள்ளது. மின்னணு-வருகை அட்டையை, இந்தியாவிற்கு வருகைக்கு 72 மணி நேரத்திற்குள் இணைநிலையில் பூர்த்தி செய்ய வேண்டும். சமர்ப்பித்த பிறகு, பயணிகள் ஒரு விதுக்குறி உறுதிப்படுத்தலைப் பெறுவார்கள். அதை வருகையின்போது குடிவரவுத் துறையில் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். இந்தப் படிவத்தை இந்த இணைப்பின் மூலம் பூர்த்தி செய்யலாம்: [https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/earrival/ மின்னணு-வருகை] முன்னாள் அல்லது தற்போதைய குடியுரிமை, பிறப்பு அல்லது அண்மைய பயணம் போன்றவற்றின் மூலம் '''[[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தானுடன்]] தொடர்புடைய''' நபர்களுக்குச் சிறப்பு விதிமுறைகள் பொருந்தும்; கீழே உள்ள [[#பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]] பகுதியைப் பார்க்கவும். === விசா === 166 நாடுகளின் குடிமக்களுக்குக் கிடைக்கும் '''மின்னணு விசா''' அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்டதன் மூலம் இந்தியாவின் விசா நடைமுறை எளிமைப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. இதில் குறிப்பிடத்தக்க விதிவிலக்குகள் பின்வருமாறு: '''இந்தியக் கடல்கடந்த குடிமகன்''' (''இககு'') ஆவணத்தை வைத்திருப்பவர்கள் இந்தியாவில் காலவரையறையின்றி தங்க அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறார்கள். மேலும் அவர்கள் இந்தியக் குடிமக்களுக்கு இணையான உரிமைகளைப் பெற்று, சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களில் இந்தியக் குடிமக்களுக்கான கட்டணச் சலுகைகளையும் பெறுகிறார்கள். குடியேற்றச் சோதனைச் சாவடியில் (மின்னணு அல்லது நேரடிச் சோதனை) கடவுச்சீட்டுடன் அசல் இககு சான்றிதழையும் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். இருப்பினும், இந்தியாவில் உள்ள சில குறிப்பிட்ட பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்ல அவர்கள் அனுமதி பெற வேண்டும்; அவர்களால் விவசாய நிலத்தை வாங்கவோ அல்லது எந்தத் தேர்தலிலும் வாக்களிக்கவோ முடியாது. இககு சான்றிதழ் எந்தச் சூழ்நிலையிலும் இந்தியக் குடியுரிமைக்கான சான்றாகக் கருதப்படாது. மேலும், நீங்கள் எந்த நாட்டின் கடவுச்சீட்டை வைத்திருக்கிறீர்களோ, அந்த நாடே உங்களுக்குத் தூதரக உதவிகளை வழங்க முடியும். தற்போது ''மின்னணு-இககு'' என்ற எண்ம வடிவம் அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது; இது அட்டைதாரர்கள் தங்கள் இககு விவரங்களை திறன்பேசியில் கடவுச்சீட்டுடன் சேர்த்துச் சேமித்து வைத்துக்கொள்ளவும் காண்பிக்கவும் அனுமதிக்கிறது, இதனால் காகித வடிவிலான கையேட்டை கட்டாயம் எடுத்துச் செல்ல வேண்டிய அவசியம் நீக்கப்படுகிறது. காகித வடிவிலான இககு கையேடுகளும் தொடர்ந்து முழுமையாகச் செல்லுபடியாகும் மற்றும் ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்படும். 20 வயதிற்குப் பிறகு கடவுச்சீட்டைப் புதுப்பித்தவுடன் புதிய இககு கையேட்டைப் பெற வேண்டும் என்ற விதி நீக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. எனினும், இணையம் வழியாகக் கடவுச்சீட்டு விவரங்களைப் புதுப்பிப்பது கட்டாயமாகும். [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/பூட்டான்|பூட்டான்]] நாட்டு குடிமக்கள் விசா இல்லாமலேயே இந்தியாவிற்குள் நுழைந்து காலவரையறையின்றி வசிக்கலாம். '''[[Wy/ta/மாலத்தீவுகள்|மாலத்தீவுகள்]]''' நாட்டு குடிமக்கள் விசா இல்லாமல் 90 நாட்கள் வரை தங்கலாம். [[Wy/ta/சப்பான்|சப்பான்]], [[Wy/ta/தென் கொரியா|தென் கொரியா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்|ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்]] ஆகிய நாடுகளின் குடிமக்கள் ''வருகையின்போது விசா'' பெறும் வசதிக்குத் தகுதியுடையவர்கள் மற்றும் 60 நாட்கள் வரை தங்கலாம். [[Wy/ta/ஆப்கானித்தான்|ஆப்கானித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/வட கொரியா|வட கொரியா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/ஈரான்|ஈரான்]] ஆகிய நாடுகளின் குடிமக்கள் (தற்போதைய அல்லது முன்னாள்) விசா பெறுவதற்கு குறைந்தபட்சம் 4 வாரங்கள் காத்திருக்க வேண்டியிருக்கும். இந்தியாவில் பணி தொடர்பான நடவடிக்கைகளில் ஈடுபட விரும்பினால், உங்களுக்கு '''வணிக விசா''' தேவைப்படலாம் (இககு ஆவணதாரர்களுக்கு வணிக விசா தேவையில்லை). மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம் முறைமையானது "சாதாரண வணிக ரீதியிலான வருகைகளை" அனுமதிக்கிறது. மேலும் இதைப் பெறுவது எளிதானது. ஒருவேளை உங்களுக்கு வணிக விசா தேவைப்பட்டால், உங்கள் சொந்த நாட்டில் உள்ள உங்கள் நிறுவனம் மற்றும் இந்தியாவில் நீங்கள் பார்வையிடவிருக்கும் நிறுவனம் ஆகியன தொடர்பான விரிவான ஆவணங்களைச் சமர்ப்பிக்கத் தயாராக இருக்க வேண்டும். இதில், நீங்கள் பார்வையிடவிருக்கும் நிறுவனத்திடமிருந்து பெறப்பட்ட அழைப்புக் கடிதம், வணிகப் பதிவு ஆவணங்கள் மற்றும் தேவைப்பட்டால் வருமான வரித் தாக்கல் விவரங்கள் உள்ளிட்ட முக்கிய ஆவணங்கள் ஆகியவை அடங்கும். குறுகிய கால விசாவிற்கு (எ.கா. 6 மாதங்கள்) விண்ணப்பிப்பது பயனுள்ளதாக இருக்கலாம்; ஏனெனில், அத்தகைய சூழலில் அதற்கான தகுதி நிபந்தனைகள் குறைவாக இருக்கக்கூடும். அமெரிக்கக் குடிமக்கள் உட்பட குறிப்பிட்ட சில நாடுகளின் குடிமக்களுக்கு 10 ஆண்டுகளுக்கான சிறப்பு விசா கிடைக்கிறது (கட்டணம்: 100 அமெரிக்க டாலர்கள்). மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரத்திற்குத் தகுதியற்ற அமெரிக்கக் குடிமக்களுக்கான வழக்கமான விசா விண்ணப்பச் செயல்முறை '''[https://services.vfsglobal.com/usa/en/ind/ விஎஃப்எஸ் குளோபல்]''' இணையதளத்தில் தொடங்குகிறது. பின்னர், விண்ணப்பங்கள் ஃபெடெக்ஸ் மூலமாகவோ அல்லது நேரடியாகவோ விசா விண்ணப்ப மையத்தில் சமர்ப்பிக்கப்பட வேண்டும். நீங்கள் அதைப் பயன்படுத்தத் திட்டமிடவில்லை என்றாலும், பன்முக நுழைவு விசாவுக்கு விண்ணப்பிப்பது எப்போதும் நல்லது. ஏனெனில், இதற்கான கட்டணம் ஒன்றுதான், இவை தாராளமாக வழங்கப்படுகின்றன, மேலும் கடைசி நேரத்தில் அண்டை நாடுகளுக்குச் செல்ல நீங்கள் முடிவெடுத்தால் இவை மிகவும் பயனுள்ளதாக இருக்கும். இந்திய அரசின் [https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/visa/index.html அதிகாரபூர்வமான இணையதளம்] வழியாக வழக்கமான விசாக்களுக்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கலாம். ==== மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம் / மின்னணு விசா ==== {{Wy/ta/VisaRestriction|நீங்களோ அல்லது உங்கள் பெற்றோரோ அல்லது தாத்தா-பாட்டிமார்களோ எப்போதாவது [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தானின்]] குடிமகனாகவோ அல்லது நிரந்தரக் குடியிருப்பாளராகவோ இருந்திருந்தாலோ, அல்லது பாக்கித்தானின் தேசிய அடையாள அட்டை (NIC card) அல்லது வெளிநாடு வாழ் பாகிஸ்தானியர்களுக்கான தேசிய அடையாள அட்டை (NICOP card) வைத்திருந்தாலோ (பாகிஸ்தானிய வம்சாவளியினர் பகுதியைப் பார்க்கவும்), நீங்கள் மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரத்திற்குத் தகுதி பெறமாட்டீர்கள். அதற்குப் பதிலாக, நீங்கள் இந்தியத் தூதரகம் அல்லது துணைத் தூதரகத்தில் நேரில் சென்று விசாவுக்கு விண்ணப்பிக்க வேண்டும். |lastedit=2026-08-18 }} இந்தியாவிற்கான விசா பெறுவதற்கு ''மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம் (ஈடிஏ)'' அல்லது ''மின்னணு விசா (ஈ-விசா)'' என்பதே மிக எளிதான வழியாகும். இதற்கு இணையதளம் மூலமாக மட்டுமே விண்ணப்பிக்கவும் அனுமதி பெறவும் முடியும்; அதாவது, விவரங்களைப் பூர்த்தி செய்தல், சமீபத்திய புகைப்படம் (ஜெபிஜி வடிவம்; தரமான செல்ஃபி கூட ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்படும்) மற்றும் கடவுச்சீட்டு நகல் (கையடக்க ஆவண வடிவமைப்பு (பிடிஎஃப்); அதிகபட்சம் 300kB) ஆகியவற்றை பதிவேற்றுதல் மற்றும் (திரும்பப் பெற முடியாத) செயலாக்கக் கட்டணத்தைச் செலுத்துதல் ஆகிய அனைத்தும் [https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/evisa/tvoa.html இந்திய அரசின் சிறப்பு மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகார இணையதளம்] வழியாகவே மேற்கொள்ளப்பட வேண்டும். பெரும்பாலான ஈடிஏ வகைகளுக்கு இந்தியா வருவதற்கு 4 முதல் 120 நாட்களுக்கு முன்னதாகவே விண்ணப்பிக்கலாம்; ஆனால், '30 நாள் ''மின்னணு-சுற்றுலாப்பயணி'' விசாவிற்கு மட்டும் வருகைக்கு 4 முதல் 30 நாட்களுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட காலத்தில் விண்ணப்பிக்க வேண்டும். கட்டணத்தை எஸ்பிஐ ஈ-பே (பாரத ஸ்டேட் வங்கி) அல்லது ஆக்சிஸ் வங்கி வழியாக கடனட்டை/பற்று அட்டை மூலமாகவோ (+2.5% வங்கி கட்டணம்) அல்லது ''பேபால்'' மூலமாகவோ (+3.5% வங்கி கட்டணம்) செலுத்தலாம். கட்டணம் செலுத்துவதில் ஏதேனும் தோல்வி ஏற்பட்டால், ஒரே தொகையை இருமுறை செலுத்துவதைத் தவிர்க்கச் சில மணிநேரங்கள் காத்திருக்கவும். கட்டணம் வெற்றிகரமாகச் செலுத்தப்பட்ட பிறகு ஈடிஏ விண்ணப்பச் செயல்முறை தொடங்குகிறது. முடிவு தெரிய வருவதற்கு 72 மணிநேரம் வரை ஆகலாம்; இருப்பினும், பல சந்தர்ப்பங்களில் 24 மணிநேரத்திலேயே முடிவு கிடைத்துவிடுகிறது. கீழே உள்ள செயலாக்கக் கட்டணங்கள் பட்டியலில் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள 166 நாடுகளின் குடிமக்களுக்கு மட்டுமே ஈடிஏ வசதி கிடைக்கும். சாலை அல்லது தொடருந்து வழியாக இந்தியாவிற்குள் நுழைவதற்கு இதைப் பயன்படுத்த முடியாது; ஆனால், சாலை அல்லது தொடருந்து வழியாக வெளியேற முடியும் (விவரங்களுக்குக் கீழே பார்க்கவும்). அசல் ஈடிஏ வழங்கப்பட்ட பழைய கடவுச்சீட்டை உடன் வைத்திருந்தால், புதிய கடவுச்சீட்டைப் பயன்படுத்தி நாட்டிற்குள் நுழையவும் வெளியேறவும் அனுமதிக்கப்படும். அதே ஈடிஏ மற்றும் மின்னணு-விசா சேவைகளை வழங்கும் வணிக ரீதியிலான இணையதளங்களும் உள்ளன. ஆனால், அந்தச் சேவைகளுக்குச் செலவழிக்கும் பணம் பொதுவாகப் பயனுள்ளதாக இருப்பதில்லை. எனவே, உங்கள் பணத்தை மிச்சப்படுத்தி, அதிகாரப்பூர்வ இணையதளம் மூலமாக மட்டுமே விண்ணப்பிக்கவும். பின்வரும் வகையான ஈடிஏ-க்கள் கிடைக்கின்றன: * '''மின்னணு-சுற்றுலா விசா''': ** 30 நாட்கள் – இரட்டை நுழைவு, முதல் நுழைவிலிருந்து செல்லுபடியாகும் ** 1 அல்லது 5 ஆண்டுகள் – பன்முக நுழைவு, ஈடிஏ வழங்கப்பட்ட தேதியிலிருந்து செல்லுபடியாகும், ஒரே நேரத்தில் அதிகபட்சம் 90 நாட்கள், ஒரு காலிகை ஆண்டிற்கு அதிகபட்சம் 180 நாட்கள் * '''மின்னணு-வணிக விசா''' – 1 ஆண்டு, பன்முக நுழைவு, ஈடிஏ வழங்கப்பட்ட தேதியிலிருந்து செல்லுபடியாகும், ஒரே நேரத்தில் அதிகபட்சம் 180 நாட்கள் * '''மின்னணு-மாநாட்டு விசா''' – ஒற்றை நுழைவு, முதல் நுழைவிலிருந்து 30 நாட்கள் செல்லுபடியாகும் * '''மின்னணு-மருத்துவ விசா''' – மும்முறை நுழைவு, முதல் நுழைவிலிருந்து 60 நாட்கள் செல்லுபடியாகும் * '''மின்னணு-மருத்துவ உதவியாளர் விசா''' – மும்முறை நுழைவு, முதல் நுழைவிலிருந்து 60 நாட்கள் செல்லுபடியாகும், ஒரு நோயாளிக்கு அதிகபட்சம் 2 உதவியாளர்கள் '''நுழைவிடங்கள்:''' ஈடிஏ வில் இந்தியாவுக்குள் பின்வருமாறு: * விமான நிலையங்கள் - அகமதாபாத், அமிருதசரசு, பாக்டோக்ரா (சிலிகுரி), பெங்களூரு, புவனேசுவரம், கோழிக்கோடு, சென்னை, சண்டிகர், கொச்சி, கோயம்புத்தூர், தில்லி, கயா, கோவா, குவகாத்தி, ஐதராபாது, செய்ப்பூர், கண்ணூர், கொல்கத்தா, இலக்னோ, மதுரை, மங்களூரு, மும்பை, நாக்பூர், ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம், புனே, திருச்சிராப்பள்ளி திருவனந்தபுரம், வாரணாசி, விசாகபட்டினம். * துறைமுகங்கள் – சென்னை, கொச்சி, கோவா, மங்களூரு, மும்பை '''வெளியேறுமிடங்கள்:''' மேலே குறிப்பிடப்பட்ட அனைத்தையும், அத்துடன் பின்வருவனவற்றையும் சேர்த்துக்கொள்ளவும்: * விமான நிலையங்கள் - பட்னா, சிறிநகர், சூரத்து, திருப்பதி, விஜயவாடா * துறைமுகங்கள் - அலங், பேடி பந்தர், பவநகர், கோழிக்கோடு, கடலூர், காக்கிநாடா, காண்ட்லா, கொல்கத்தா, மாண்டவி, நாகப்பட்டினம், நவா ஷேவா, பாராதீப், போர்பந்தர், ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம், தூத்துக்குடி, விசாகப்பட்டினம், விழிஞ்சம், அகத்தி மற்றும் மினிகாய் தீவு, இலட்சத்தீவுகள், வல்லார்பாடம், முந்திரா, கிருஷ்ணபட்டினம், துப்ரி, பாண்டு, நகோன், ஸ்ரீபூமி, காட்டுப்பள்ளி * நிலவழி ஒருங்கிணைந்த சோதனைச் சாவடிகள் - அட்டாரி சாலை, அகௌரா, பன்பாசா, சங்ரபந்தா, தாலு, டாவ்கி, தலாய்காட், கௌரிபந்தா, கோஜதங்கா, ஹரிதாஸ்பூர், ஹிலி, ஜெய்கான், ஜோக்பானி, கைலாஷாஹர், ஸ்ரீபூமி, கோவல், லால்கோலாகாட், மகாதிபூர், மங்காச்சார், மோரே, முஹுரிகாட், ரதி, முகுரிகாட், ரக்சால், ருபைதிகா, சப்ரூம், சோனௌலி, ஸ்ரீமந்தபூர், சுதர்கண்டி, புல்பாரி, கவார்பூச்சியா, சோரின்புரி, சோகவ்தர் * தொடருந்து ஒருங்கிணைந்த சோதனைச் சாவடிகள் - அட்டாரி, சித்பூர், கெடே (தொடருந்து மற்றும் சாலை), அரிதாஸ்பூர், முனாபாவ் ஈடிஏ விண்ணப்பத்தில் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள நுழைவு மற்றும் வெளியேறும் இடங்கள் கட்டாயமானவை அல்ல. [https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/evisa/images/Etourist_fee_final.pdf மின்னணு-சுற்றுலாப் பயணி விசா] மற்றும் [https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/evisa/images/eTV_revised_fee_final.pdf பிற அனைத்து மின்னணு-விசா] வகைகளுக்கான '''செயலாக்கக் கட்டணங்கள்''' (மற்றும் தகுதி) விவரங்கள்: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin: auto;" |+ {{Wy/ta/Nowrap|மின்னணு-சுற்றுலாப் பயணி விசா}} ! கட்டணம் !! &nbsp;&nbsp;30&nbsp;நாட்கள்&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>(ஏப்ரல்-சூன்) !! &nbsp;&nbsp;30&nbsp;நாட்கள்&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>(சூலை-மார்ச்) !! 1&nbsp;வருடம் !! 5&nbsp;வருடங்கள் !! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;நாடு&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- | அமெரிக்க டாலர் || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || அர்கெந்தீனா, குக் தீவுகள், பிஜி, ஜமேக்கா, கிரிபட்டி, மார்சல் தீவுகள், மொரிசியசு, மைக்குரோனீசியா, மியான்மார், நவூரு, நியுவே தீவு, பலாவு, பப்புவா நியூ கினி, சமோவா, சீசெல்சு, சொலமன் தீவுகள், தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா, தொங்கா, துவாலு, உருகுவை, வனுவாட்டு |- | அமெரிக்க டாலர் || 10 || 25 || 25 || 25 || சப்பான், சிங்கப்பூர், இலங்கை |- | அமெரிக்க டாலர் || 10 || 25 || 40 || 80 || ஆப்கானித்தான், அல்பேனியா, அந்தோரா, அங்கோலா, அங்கியுலா, அன்டிகுவாவும் பர்பியுடாவும், ஆர்மீனியா, அரூபா, ஆத்திரேலியா, ஆஸ்திரியா, அசர்பைஜான், பகாமாசு, பார்படோசு, பெலருஸ், பெல்ஜியம், பெலீசு, பெனின், பொலிவியா, பொசுனியா எர்செகோவினா, போட்சுவானா, பிரேசில், புரூணை, பல்காரியா, புருண்டி, கம்போடியா, கமரூன், காபோ வர்டி, கனடா, கேமன் தீவுகள், சிலி, கொலம்பியா, கொமொரோசு, கோஸ்ட்டா ரிக்கா, கோட் டிவார், குரோவாசியா, சைப்பிரசு, செக் குடியரசு, டென்மார்க், சீபூத்தீ, டொமினிக்கா, டொமினிக்கன் குடியரசு, கிழக்குத் திமோர், எக்குவடோர், எல் சால்வடோர், எக்குவட்டோரியல் கினி, எரித்திரியா, எசுத்தோனியா, பின்லாந்து, பிரான்சு, காபோன், காம்பியா, சியார்சியா, செருமனி, கானா, கிரேக்கம், கிரெனடா, குவாத்தமாலா, கினி, கயானா, எயிட்டி, ஒந்துராசு, அங்கேரி, ஐசுலாந்து, இந்தோனேசியா, அயர்லாந்து, இசுரேல், இத்தாலி, ஜோர்தான், கஜகஸ்தான், கெனியா, கிர்கிசுத்தான், இலாவோசு, லாத்வியா, லெசோத்தோ, லைபீரியா, லீக்கின்ஸ்டைன், லித்துவேனியா, லக்சம்பர்க், மலேசியா, மடகாசுகர், மலாவி, மாலி, மால்ட்டா, மெக்சிக்கோ, மல்தோவா, மொனாக்கோ, மங்கோலியா, மொண்டெனேகுரோ, மொன்செராட், மொசாம்பிக்கு, நமீபியா, நெதர்லாந்து, நியூசிலாந்து, நிக்கராகுவா, நைஜர், வடக்கு மக்கெதோனியா, நோர்வே, ஓமான், பலத்தீன் நாடு, பனாமா, பரகுவை, பெரு, பிலிப்பீன்சு, போலந்து, போர்த்துகல், தென் கொரியா, உருமேனியா, உருசியா, உருவாண்டா, செயிண்ட் கிட்சும் நெவிசும், செயிண்ட் லூசியா, செயின்ட் வின்செண்டு மற்றும் கிரெனடீன்கள், சான் மரீனோ, சவூதி அரேபியா, செனிகல், செர்பியா, சியேரா லியோனி, சிலோவாக்கியா, சுலோவீனியா, எசுப்பானியா, சுரிநாம், எசுவாத்தினி, சுவீடன், சுவிட்சர்லாந்து, தைவான், தஜிகிஸ்தான், தன்சானியா, தாய்லாந்து, டோகோ, டிரினிடாட் மற்றும் டொபாகோ, துர்கசு கைகோசு தீவுகள், உகாண்டா, உக்ரைன், ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம், ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம், அமேரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடுகள், உசுபெக்கிசுத்தான், வத்திக்கான் நகர், வெனிசுவேலா, வியட்நாம், சாம்பியா, சிம்பாப்வே |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin: auto;" |+ {{Wy/ta/Nowrap|மின்னணு-வணிக விசா}} ! கட்டணம்<br/>(அமேரிக்க டாலர்) !! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;நாடு&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- | 0 || அங்கோலா, அர்கெந்தீனா, பெனின், புருண்டி, கம்போடியா, கொமொரோசு, குக் தீவுகள், சீபூத்தீ, கிழக்குத் திமோர், எரித்திரியா, பிஜி, காம்பியா, கினி, ஜமேக்கா, கிரிபட்டி, இலாவோசு, லெசோத்தோ, லைபீரியா, மடகாசுகர், மலாவி, மாலி, மார்சல் தீவுகள், மொரிசியசு, மைக்குரோனீசியா, மொசாம்பிக்கு, மியான்மார், நவூரு, நைஜர் குடியரசு, நியுவே தீவு, பலாவு, பாப்புவா நியூ கினி, உருவாண்டா, சமோவா, செனெகல், சீசெல்சு, சியேரா லியோனி, சொலமன் தீவுகள், தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா, தன்சானியா, தொங்கா, துவாலு, உகாண்டா, உருகுவை, வனுவாட்டு, சாம்பியா |- | 25 || சப்பான், சிங்கப்பூர், இலங்கை |- | 80 || ஆப்கானித்தான், அல்பேனியா, அந்தோரா, அங்கியுலா, அன்டிகுவாவும் பர்பியுடாவும், ஆர்மீனியா, அரூபா, ஆத்திரேலியா, ஆஸ்திரியா, அசர்பைஜான், பகாமாசு, பார்படோசு, பெலாருஸ், பெல்ஜியம், பெலீசு, பொலிவியா, பொசுனியா எர்செகோவினா, போட்சுவானா, பிரேசில், புரூணை, பல்காரியா, கமரூன், காபோ வர்டி, கனடா, கேமன் தீவுகள், சிலி, கொலம்பியா, கோஸ்ட்டா ரிக்கா, கோட் டிவார், குரோவாசியா, சைப்பிரசு, செக் குடியரசு, டென்மார்க், டொமினிக்கா, டொமினிக்கன் குடியரசு, எக்குவடோர், எல் சால்வடோர், எக்குவட்டோரியல் கினி, எசுத்தோனியா, பின்லாந்து, பிரான்சு, காபோன், சியார்சியா, செருமனி, கானா, கிரேக்கம், கிரனெடா, குவாத்தமாலா, கயானா, எயிட்டி, ஒந்துராசு, அங்கேரி, ஐசுலாந்து, இந்தோநேசியா, அயர்லாந்து, இசுரேல், இத்தாலி, ஜோர்தான், கசகஸ்தான், கெனியா, கிர்கிசுத்தான், லாத்வியா, லீக்கின்ஸ்டைன், லித்துவேனியா, லக்சம்பர்க், மலேசியா, மால்ட்டா, மெக்சிக்கோ, மல்தோவா, மொனாக்கோ, மங்கோலியா, மொண்டெனேகுரோ, மொன்செராட், நமீபியா, நெதர்லாந்து, நியூசிலாந்து, நிக்கராகுவா, வடக்கு மக்கெதோனியா, நோர்வே, ஓமான், பலத்தீன் நாடு, பனாமா, பரகுவை, பெரு, பிலிப்பீன்சு, போலந்து, போர்த்துகல், தென் கொரியா, உருமேனியா, செயிண்ட் கிட்சும் நெவிசும், செயிண்ட் லூசியா, செயின்ட் வின்செண்டு மற்றும் கிரெனடீன்கள், சான் மரீனோ, சவூதி அரேபியா, செர்பியா, சிலோவாக்கியா, சுலோவீனியா, எசுப்பானியா, சுரிநாம், எசுவாத்தினி, சுவீடன், சுவிட்சர்லாந்து, தைவான், தஜிகிஸ்தான், தாய்லாந்து, டோகோ, டிரினிடாட் மற்றும் டொபாகோ, துர்கசு கைகோசு தீவுகள், ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம், உசுபெக்கிசுத்தான், வத்திக்கான் நகர், வெனிசுவேலா, வியட்நாம், சிம்பாப்வே |- | 100 || உருசியா, ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம், உக்ரைன், அமேரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin: auto;" |+ {{Wy/ta/Nowrap|மின்னணு-மாநாட்டு விசா<br>மின்னணு-மருத்துவ விசா<br> மின்னணு-மருத்துவ உதவியாளர் விசா}} ! கட்டணம்<br/>(அமேரிக்க டாலர்) !! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;நாடு&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- | 0 || அர்கெந்தீனா, குக் தீவுகள், பிஜி, ஜமேக்கா, கிரிபட்டி, மார்சல் தீவுகள், மொரிசியசு, மைக்குரோனீசியா, மியான்மார், நவூரு, நியுவே தீவு, பலாவு, பாப்புவா நியூ கினி, சமோவா, சீசெல்சு, சொலமன் தீவுகள், தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா, தொங்கா, துவாலு, உருகுவை, வனுவாட்டு |- | 25 || சப்பான், சிங்கப்பூர், இலங்கை |- | 80 || ஆப்கானித்தான், அல்பேனியா, அந்தோரா, அங்கியுலா, அன்டிகுவாவும் பர்பியுடாவும், ஆர்மீனியா, அரூபா, ஆத்திரேலியா, ஆஸ்திரியா, அசர்பைஜான், பகாமாசு, பார்படோசு, பெலாருஸ், பெல்ஜியம், பெலீசு, பொலிவியா, பொசுனியா எர்செகோவினா, போட்சுவானா, பிரேசில், புரூணை, பல்காரியா, புருண்டி, கம்போடியா, கமரூன், காபோ வர்டி, கனடா, கேமன் தீவுகள், சிலி, கொலம்பியா, கொமொரோசு, கோஸ்ட்டா ரிக்கா, கோட் டிவார், குரோவாசியா, சைப்பிரசு, செக் குடியரசு, டென்மார்க், சீபூத்தீ, டொமினிக்கா, டொமினிக்கன் குடியரசு, கிழக்குத் திமோர், எக்குவடோர், எல் சால்வடோர், எக்குவட்டோரியல் கினி, எரித்திரியா, எசுத்தோனியா, பின்லாந்து, பிரான்சு, காபோன், காம்பியா, சியார்சியா, செருமனி, கானா, கிரேக்கம், கிரெனடா, குவாத்தமாலா, கினி, கயானா, எயிட்டி, ஒந்துராசு, அங்கேரி, ஐசுலாந்து, இந்தோனேசியா, அயர்லாந்து, இசுரேல், இத்தாலி, ஜோர்தான், கஜகஸ்தான், கெனியா, கிர்கிசுத்தான், இலாவோசு, லாத்வியா, லெசோத்தோ, லைபீரியா, லீக்கின்ஸ்டைன், லித்துவேனியா, லக்சம்பர்க், மடகாசுகர், மலாவி, மாலி, மலேசியா, மால்ட்டா, மெக்சிக்கோ, மல்தோவா, மொனாக்கோ, மங்கோலியா, மொண்டெனேகுரோ, மொன்செராட், நமீபியா, நெதர்லாந்து, நியூசிலாந்து, நிக்கராகுவா, நைஜர், வடக்கு மக்கெதோனியா, நோர்வே, ஓமான், பலத்தீன் நாடு, பனாமா, பரகுவை, பெரு, பிலிப்பீன்சு, போலந்து, போர்த்துகல், தென் கொரியா, உருமேனியா, உருவாண்டா, செயிண்ட் கிட்சும் நெவிசும், செயிண்ட் லூசியா, செயின்ட் வின்செண்டு மற்றும் கிரெனடீன்கள், சான் மரீனோ, சவூதி அரேபியா, செனிகல், செர்பியா, சியேரா லியோனி, சிலோவாக்கியா, சுலோவீனியா, எசுப்பானியா, சுரிநாம், எசுவாத்தினி, சுவீடன், சுவிட்சர்லாந்து, தைவான், தன்சானியா, தஜிகிஸ்தான், தாய்லாந்து, டோகோ, டிரினிடாட் மற்றும் டொபாகோ, துர்கசு கைகோசு தீவுகள், உகாண்டா, ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம், உசுபெக்கிசுத்தான், வத்திக்கான் நகர், வெனிசுவேலா, வியட்நாம், சாம்பியா, சிம்பாப்வே |- | 100 || பெனின், மொசாம்பிக்கு, ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம், உருசியா, உக்ரைன், அமேரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் |} முன்னர் நடைமுறையில் இருந்த வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட ''வருகையின்போது விசா'' திட்டத்திற்குப் பதிலாக ''மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம்'' அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்டது. தற்போது இந்தியாவில் வருகையின்போது விசா வசதிகள் ஏதுமில்லை. ====குறிப்பிட்ட வகையிலான விசாக்கள்==== சிறப்பு நோக்கங்களுக்காக வேறு சில விசா வகைகளும் உள்ளன. "முதன்மையாக சமய நடவடிக்கைகளில் ஈடுபடுவதற்காக" இந்தியாவுக்கு வரும் எவருக்கும் '''சமயப்பரப்பாளர் விசா''' கட்டாயமாகும். மதமாற்றத்தைத் தடுக்கும் நோக்கிலேயே, குறிப்பாக இந்துக்களைக் கிறிஸ்தவ அல்லது இஸ்லாமிய மதங்களுக்கு மாற்றுவதைத் தடுப்பதற்காகவே இந்த விதி உருவாக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. சுற்றுலா விசாவில் வந்து சமயக் கூட்டங்களில் உரையாற்றியதற்காக சமயப் பிரசாரகர்கள் நாட்டை விட்டு வெளியேற்றப்பட்ட நிகழ்வுகள் நடந்துள்ளன. ஆனால், நீங்கள் இந்தியாவில் உள்ள தேவாலயங்களைப் பார்வையிடும் ஒரு சமயச் சுற்றுலாப் பயணத்தை மேற்கொள்கிறீர்கள் என்றால், இதைப் பற்றிக் கவலைப்படத் தேவையில்லை. நீங்கள் மாணவர், வேலைவாய்ப்பு, ஆராய்ச்சி அல்லது சமயப்பரப்பாளர் விசா ஆகியவற்றில் வந்திருந்தால், இந்தியாவுக்கு வந்த 14 நாட்களுக்குள் நீங்கள் தங்கும் பகுதியில் உள்ள [https://mea.gov.in/foreigners-registration.htm '''வெளிநாட்டவர் மண்டலப் பதிவு அலுவலகம்'''] சென்று பதிவு செய்துகொள்ள வேண்டும் (இந்த இணையதளத்தை இந்தியாவுக்கு வெளியே அணுக முடியாது). நீங்கள் தங்கும் பகுதியில் அத்தகைய அலுவலகம் இல்லையென்றால், உள்ளூர் காவல் நிலையத்தில் பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டும். '''180 நாட்களுக்கு மேல்''' தங்குவதற்குத் திட்டமிடும் அனைத்துப் பார்வையாளர்களும் பதிவு செய்துகொள்வது கட்டாயமாகும். ==== பாக்கித்தான் ==== {{Wy/ta/VisaRestriction|ஏப்ரல் 2025 முதல் பாகிஸ்தான் குடிமக்களுக்கான விசா சேவைகள் இடைநிறுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன. பெரும்பாலான வகைகளுக்கான புதிய விசா விண்ணப்பங்கள் ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்படுவதில்லை. |lastedit=2026-08-20 }} இரட்டை குடியுரிமை கொண்ட பாக்கித்தானியர்கள், தங்கள் மற்றொரு கடவுச்சீட்டைப் பயன்படுத்தி இந்தியாவுக்குள் நுழைய அனுமதிக்கப்படுவதில்லை. நீங்கள் உங்கள் பாக்கித்தானிய குடியுரிமையை முறையாகத் துறந்திருந்தால், இந்திய சுற்றுலா விசாவிற்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கத் தகுதி பெறுவீர்கள். ஆனால், விண்ணப்பிக்கும்போது குடியுரிமை துறப்புச் சான்றிதழின் அசல் நகலைச் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். மேலும், உங்களுக்கு ஒரே முறை மட்டுமே நுழையக்கூடிய 3 மாத கால விசா மட்டுமே வழங்கப்படும். இந்தியா வந்தடைந்ததும், உங்களிடம் கூடுதல் கேள்விகள் கேட்கப்படவோ அல்லது சோதனைகள் நடத்தப்படவோ, அல்லது நாட்டிற்குள் நுழைய அனுமதி மறுக்கப்படவோ அதிக வாய்ப்புள்ளது. உங்களிடம் பாக்கித்தான் கடவுச்சீட்டு இல்லையென்றால், ஆனால் தேசிய அடையாள அட்டை (''NIC'') அல்லது வெளிநாடு வாழ் பாக்கித்தானியர்களுக்கான தேசிய அடையாள அட்டை (''NICOP'') வைத்திருந்தால், நீங்கள் ''NIC/NICOP'' வைத்திருப்பது மற்றும் கடவுச்சீட்டு வைத்திருக்கவில்லை என்பது குறித்த உண்மைகளை உறுதிப்படுத்தும் சான்றொப்பமிடப்பட்ட அறிக்கை ஒன்றைச் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். உங்களிடம் தற்போதுள்ள அனைத்துக் கடவுச்சீட்டுகளையும் நீங்கள் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். அத்துடன், விசா அதிகாரியின் விருப்பத்தின் பேரில் உங்கள் முந்தைய கடவுச்சீட்டுகளையும் சமர்ப்பிக்குமாறு உங்களிடம் கேட்கப்படலாம். இயல்புரிமை பெற்ற வெளிநாட்டு குடிமக்கள் தங்கள் இயல்புரிமையை உறுதிப்படுத்தும் சான்றிதழையும், பாக்கித்தானுக்கு வெளியே பிறந்தவர்கள் தங்கள் பிறப்புச் சான்றிதழையும் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும். நேரத்தை மிச்சப்படுத்த, நீங்கள் ஒரு படிவத்தை பூர்த்தி செய்யலாம். இதில் பெரும்பாலும் 'ஆம்' அல்லது 'இல்லை' என்று பதிலளிக்கக்கூடிய கேள்விகள் மட்டுமே இடம்பெற்றிருக்கும். நீங்கள் பாக்கித்தான் வம்சாவளியைச் சேர்ந்தவராக இருந்தால், உங்கள் விசா பரிசீலனைக்குக் குறைந்தபட்சம் 7 முதல் 9 வாரங்கள் வரை ஆகலாம். கடந்த 21 நாட்களுக்குள் நீங்கள் பாக்கித்தானுக்குச் சென்றிருந்தாலோ அல்லது உங்கள் பயண ஆவணத்தில் பாக்கித்தானின் விசா அல்லது முத்திரை இருந்தாலோ, உங்களுக்கு அனுமதி மறுக்கப்படலாம் மற்றும் உங்கள் விசா செல்லாததாக்கப்படலாம். === சுங்க நடைமுறைகள் === {{Wy/ta/Cautionbox|boldtext=சுங்க நடைமுறைகள் குழப்பமானவை! |இந்தியாவின் சுங்க நடைமுறைகள் மிகவும் சிக்கலானவை. இவற்றைக் கவனமாகக் கையாளாவிட்டால், உங்கள் பொருட்கள் பறிமுதல் செய்யப்படுதல், அபராதம் விதிக்கப்படுதல், நாடு கடத்தப்படுதல் அல்லது சிறைத்தண்டனை போன்ற விளைவுகளை நீங்கள் சந்திக்க நேரிடலாம். சட்டவிரோத போதைப்பொருட்கள் அல்லது பெருமளவிலான பணம் அல்லது நகைகளை இறக்குமதி அல்லது ஏற்றுமதி செய்வது சுங்கத் துறையினரிடையே சந்தேகத்தை ஏற்படுத்தக்கூடும். }} சுங்கச் சோதனையை முடிப்பது சற்று சிரமமான விஷயமாக இருக்கலாம், இருப்பினும் இதில் இப்போது பெரும் முன்னேற்றம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. பொதுவாக, உங்கள் உடைமைகளைச் சுங்கச் சோதனை வழியாக எளிதாகக் கொண்டு செல்ல உதவுவதாகக் கூறும் இடைத்தரகர்களைத் தவிர்க்கவும். வரி விலக்குச் சலுகைகள் தொடர்பாகப் பல்வேறு விதிகள் உள்ளன. இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள், வெளிநாட்டுச் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள், நேபாளம், பூட்டான் மற்றும் பாக்கித்தான் நாட்டுப் பயணிகள், இந்திய வம்சாவளியைச் சேர்ந்த வெளிநாட்டினர் மற்றும் இந்தியாவிற்குக் குடியேறுபவர்கள் ஆகியோருக்கு வெவ்வேறு விதிகள் பொருந்தும். நீங்கள் எவற்றையெல்லாம் கொண்டு வரலாம் என்பது குறித்த தகவல்களை அறிய, [https://www.cbic.gov.in/ மத்திய கலால் மற்றும் சுங்க வாரியம்] இணையதளத்தைப் பயன்படுத்தவும். நேபாளம், பூட்டான் மற்றும் பாக்கித்தான் நாட்டவர்கள் அல்லது அந்த நாடுகள் வழியாக வருபவர்களைத் தவிர்த்த பிற வெளிநாட்டு சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள், தாங்கள் பயன்படுத்திய தனிப்பட்ட பொருட்கள், பயணத்தின்போது வாங்கிய நினைவுப் பொருட்கள் மற்றும் பரிசுப் பொருட்களாக ₹4,000 மதிப்புள்ள பொருட்களைக் கொண்டு வர அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறார்கள். நீங்கள் இந்தியக் குடிமகனாகவோ அல்லது இந்திய வம்சாவளியைச் சேர்ந்தவராகவோ இருந்தால் (நேபாளம், பூட்டான் அல்லது பாக்கித்தான் வழியாக வராத பட்சத்தில்), ₹25,000 மதிப்புள்ள பொருட்களைக் கொண்டு வர உங்களுக்கு அனுமதி உண்டு. இது தொடர்பான பிற விதிமுறைகள் இணையதளத்தில் கொடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. புதியதாகப் பொட்டலமிடப்பட்ட பொருட்களைக் கொண்டு வருவதாக இருந்தால், அவற்றின் மதிப்பைக் காட்டுவதற்கு உரிய ரசீதுகளை உடன் வைத்திருப்பது நல்லது. மேலும், 200 சிகரெட்டுகள் அல்லது 50 சுருட்டுகள் அல்லது 250 கிராம் புகையிலை மற்றும் 1 லிட்டர் மதுபானம் (இந்தியர்களுக்கு 2 லிட்டர்) ஆகியவற்றை வரி ஏதுமின்றி கொண்டு வரவும் அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறது. சுங்கவரிக்கு உட்பட்ட பொருட்கள் ஏதுமில்லை என்றால், விமான நிலையங்களில் தெளிவாகக் குறிக்கப்பட்டுள்ள ''பச்சை வழித்தடம்'' வழியாக நீங்கள் செல்லலாம். பொதுவாக அங்கு உங்களுக்கு எந்தச் சிரமமும் இருக்காது. இந்தியாவில் உள்ள அனைத்து சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையங்களிலும், பச்சை அல்லது சிவப்பு வழித்தடங்கள் வழியாக வெளியேறும்போது உங்கள் பைகள் பரிசோதனைக்கு உட்படுத்தப்படும். மின்னணு சிகரெட்டுகள், ஆவியாக்கிகள் மற்றும் அவற்றின் மறு செறிவுகளை இறக்குமதி செய்வது சட்டவிரோதமானது. வெளிநாட்டினர் இந்திய ரூபாயை நாட்டிற்குள் கொண்டுவருவதோ அல்லது நாட்டிலிருந்து வெளியே கொண்டு செல்வதோ '''கண்டிப்பாகத் தடைசெய்யப்பட்டுள்ளது'''. இந்தியக் குடிமக்களுக்கு இது ₹25,000 வரை மட்டுமே அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறது. இது குறித்த விவரங்களை [https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/notification/PDFs/CR3105F871DDFD343407BA1BC640B96AFB21A.PDF இந்திய ரிசர்வ் வங்கியின் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ அறிவிப்பில்] காணலாம். இருப்பினும், வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் இது அரிதாகவே சோதிக்கப்படுகிறது. === இந்தியாவை விட்டு வெளியேறுதல் === {{Wy/ta/Cautionbox|boldtext=அனுமதி முடிந்த பிறகும் தங்கலாமா என யோசிக்கிறீர்களா? |இந்தியாவில் அனுமதிக்கப்பட்ட காலத்திற்கு மேல் தங்குவது (ஒரு நாள் கூடுதலாக இருந்தாலும் கூட) அதிகாரிகளால் மிகக் தீவிரமாக எடுத்துக்கொள்ளப்படுகிறது. இதனால் அபராதம், சட்ட நடவடிக்கை, தாமதங்கள் மற்றும் [https://mea.gov.in/foreigners-registration.htm '''வெளிநாட்டவர் மண்டலப் பதிவு அலுவலகம் (''FRRO'')'''] அல்லது குடியேற்றத் துறையிடமிருந்து வெளியேறும் அனுமதி பெறும் வரை நாட்டை விட்டு வெளியேற முடியாமல் போவது போன்ற விளைவுகள் ஏற்படலாம். நீண்ட காலம் கூடுதலாகத் தங்குவது கடுமையான அபராதங்களுக்கு வழிவகுப்பதோடு, எதிர்காலத்தில் இந்திய விசா பெறுவதற்கான வாய்ப்புகளையும் கடுமையாகப் பாதிக்கலாம். மருத்துவக் காரணங்கள் அல்லது விமான ரத்து போன்ற உண்மையான அவசரச் சூழல்களால் அனுமதிக்கப்பட்ட காலத்திற்கு மேல் தங்க நேரிடுபவர்கள், உடனடியாக அருகிலுள்ள ''FRRO'' அல்லது காவல் நிலையத்திற்குத் தகவல் தெரிவிக்க வேண்டும் மற்றும் அதற்கான ஆவணங்களை வைத்திருக்க வேண்டும்; அவ்வாறு செய்யத் தவறினால் நடவடிக்கை எடுக்கப்படலாம். முழு விவரங்களையும் [https://indianfrro.gov.in/frro/Financial_Penalty.pdf இங்கே காணலாம்:] }} உங்களிடம் நாட்டிற்குள் நுழைந்ததற்கான முத்திரை இல்லையென்றால் — உதாரணமாக, புதிதாக வழங்கப்பட்ட கடவுச்சீட்டு அல்லது அவசர காலப் பயண ஆவணம் வைத்திருப்பவர்கள் — இந்தியாவிற்குள்ளிருந்தே வெளிநாட்டவர் மண்டலப் பதிவு அலுவலகத்தில் சிறப்பு வெளியேறும் அனுமதிக்கு விண்ணப்பிக்க வேண்டும் (இதற்கான இணையதளத்தை இந்தியாவிற்கு வெளியே அணுக முடியாது). எவ்விதச் சிக்கலுமற்ற விண்ணப்பங்களுக்கு 5 முதல் 15 வேலை நாட்கள் வரை ஆகலாம். எனவே, விமானப் பயணங்களை முன்பதிவு செய்யும்போது, ​​இந்தியாவிலிருந்து புறப்படுவதற்கான காலக்கெடுவில் இதையும் கருத்தில் கொள்ளவும். இந்தியாவிலிருந்து வெளியேறும் அனைத்துப் பயணிகளும் குடியேற்றச் சோதனைகளுக்கு உட்பட வேண்டும். சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் நாணயப் பரிமாற்ற மையங்கள் உள்ளன. அங்கிருந்து புறப்படுவதற்கு முன், உங்களிடம் உள்ள கூடுதல் இந்திய ரூபாயை வெளிநாட்டு நாணயமாக மாற்றிக்கொள்ள வேண்டும். வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில், வானூர்தி நிறுவனத்தின் ''வருகைப் பதிவு'' நடைமுறைகளை முடித்த பிறகு பயணிகள் குடியேற்றப் பிரிவு அறைக்குச் செல்வார்கள். அங்குள்ள அதிகாரிகள் உங்கள் கடவுச்சீட்டைச் சரிபார்த்து, உங்கள் விசா அல்லது மின்னணு விசா விவரங்களை உறுதிசெய்து, இந்தியாவில் நீங்கள் நுழைந்தது முறையாகப் பதிவு செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளதா என்பதைச் சரிபார்ப்பார்கள். உங்கள் பயணம் அல்லது நாட்டில் நீங்கள் தங்கியிருந்த காலம் குறித்த சில சுருக்கமான கேள்விகளை அவர்கள் கேட்கலாம். குறிப்பாக, உங்கள் வருகைப் பதிவில் ஏதேனும் தெளிவுபடுத்தல் தேவைப்பட்டால், திரும்புவதற்கான பயணத் திட்டம் அல்லது தங்குமிடம் தொடர்பான ஆவணங்களை அதிகாரிகள் சரிபார்ப்பது வழக்கம். புறப்பாட்டிற்கான முத்திரை உங்கள் கடவுச்சீட்டில் இடப்பட்டதும், நீங்கள் விமான நிலைய நடைமுறையின் அடுத்த கட்டத்திற்குச் செல்லலாம். தரை எல்லைகளில், கடக்கும் இடத்தைப் பொறுத்து நடைமுறைகள் பெரிதும் மாறுபடலாம். சில சோதனைச் சாவடிகள் நவீனமாகவும் ஒழுங்கமைக்கப்பட்டதாகவும் இருக்கும், மற்றவை எளிமையானவையாக இருக்கும், மேலும் அவை திறந்தவெளியில் காத்திருப்பதையோ அல்லது பல சிறிய அலுவலகங்களுக்கு இடையில் செல்வதையோ உள்ளடக்கியிருக்கலாம். நியமிக்கப்பட்ட குடிவரவுச் சோதனைச் சாவடியில் உங்கள் கடவுச்சீட்டை நீங்கள் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும், அங்கு அதிகாரிகள் உங்கள் நுழைவு முத்திரையைச் சரிபார்த்து, உங்கள் விசாவை உறுதிசெய்து, உங்கள் புறப்பாட்டை கணினி அமைப்பில் பதிவு செய்வார்கள். பயணிகள் வேறு எல்லையில் இந்தியாவிற்குள் நுழைந்திருந்தாலோ அல்லது அவர்களின் ஆவணங்களுக்கு நேரடிச் சரிபார்ப்பு தேவைப்பட்டாலோ அவர்களிடம் கூடுதல் கேள்விகள் கேட்கப்படலாம். வசதிகள் குறைவாக இருக்கக்கூடும் என்பதால், வானூர்தி நிலையங்களை விட இங்கு செயலாக்கம் மெதுவாக இருக்கும் என எதிர்பார்க்கலாம். துறைமுகங்களில், குடிவரவுச் சோதனைகள் பொதுவாகப் பயணிகள் முனையத்திற்கு உள்ளேயோ அல்லது சில சமயங்களில் கப்பல் புறப்படுவதற்கு முன்பு கப்பலுக்குள்ளேயோ கையாளப்படுகின்றன. வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் செய்வது போலவே அதிகாரிகள் அதே சோதனைகளை நடத்துகின்றனர்: உங்கள் அடையாளத்தை உறுதி செய்தல், உங்கள் விசா அல்லது மின்னணு-விசாவை மதிப்பாய்வு செய்தல், மற்றும் உங்கள் நுழைவுப் பதிவு சரியாக உள்ளதா என்பதை உறுதி செய்தல். சொகுசுக் கப்பல் பயணிகள் குழுவாகச் சோதனைக்கு உட்படுத்தப்படலாம், அதேசமயம் சிறிய கப்பல்களில் புறப்படுபவர்கள் துறைமுக அதிகாரிகளால் தனித்தனியாகச் சோதிக்கப்படலாம். நடைமுறைகள் பொதுவாகச் சுமுகமாகவே இருக்கும், ஆனால் சோதனைக்கான நேரம் கப்பலின் அளவு மற்றும் பயணிகளின் எண்ணிக்கையைப் பொறுத்து அமையும். அனைத்து விதமான வெளியேறும் வழிகளிலும், குடிவரவுத் துறையிடம் உள்ள பதிவுகளுடன் உங்கள் ''நுழைவு முத்திரை மற்றும் விசா விவரங்கள்'' பொருந்த வேண்டும் என்பதே முக்கியத் தேவையாகும். === வான்னுர்தியில் === ==== நுழைவிடங்கள் ==== [[File:Arrival area at Indira Gandhi International Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Wy/ta/இந்திரா காந்தி சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையம்|இந்திரா காந்தி சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையம்]] [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லிக்குச்]] சேவை அளிப்பதோடு, [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவிற்கான]] மிக முக்கியமான நுழைவு வாயில்களில் ஒன்றாகவும் திகழ்கிறது.]] நாட்டிற்குள் நுழைவதற்கான முக்கிய இடங்களாக [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|DEL}}) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|BOM}}) ஆகியவை உள்ளன. [[Wy/ta/பெங்களூரு|பெங்களூரு]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|BLR}}), [[Wy/ta/கொல்கத்தா|கொல்கத்தா]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|CCU}}), [[Wy/ta/ஐதராபாது|ஐதராபாது]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|HYD}}), [[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|MAA}}) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/அகமதாபாத்|அகமதாபாத்]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|AMD}}) ஆகிய நகரங்களுக்கும் நீண்ட தூர சர்வதேச வானூர்திகள் பல இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]], [[Wy/ta/வட அமெரிக்கா|வட அமெரிக்கா]], [[Wy/ta/மத்திய கிழக்கு நாடுகள்|மத்திய கிழக்கு நாடுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்கா|ஆப்பிரிக்கா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/ஆத்திரேலியா|ஆத்திரேலியா]] ஆகிய பகுதிகளிலிருந்து இந்நகரங்களுக்குச் செல்ல பல நேரடி மற்றும் இணைப்பு விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. [[Wy/ta/மத்திய கிழக்கு|மத்திய கிழக்கு]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா|தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவிலிருந்து]] வரும் பயணிகளுக்கான பிற முக்கிய நுழைவிடங்களில் [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவா]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|GOI}} மற்றும் {{Wy/ta/IATA|GOX}}), [[Wy/ta/கேரளம்|கேரளத்தின்]] கடற்கரைப் பகுதி மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சமவெளிகள் (இந்தியா)|இந்தியச் சமவெளிப் பகுதிகள்]] ஆகியவை அடங்கும். மத்திய கிழக்கிலிருந்து [[Wy/ta/கொச்சி|கொச்சி]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|COK}}), [[Wy/ta/கோழிக்கோடு|கோழிக்கோடு]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|CCJ}}) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/திருவனந்தபுரம்|திருவனந்தபுரம்]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|TRV}}) போன்ற கேரளத்தின் கடற்கரை நகரங்களுக்குப் பல வானூர்திச் சேவைகள் உள்ளன. மத்திய கிழக்கின் பெரும்பாலான முக்கிய வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள், வளைகுடாப் பிராந்தியத்திலுள்ள தங்கள் மையங்களிலிருந்து இக்கடற்கரைப் பகுதிகளுக்கு ஒற்றை நிறுத்தத்துடன் கூடிய வானூர்திச் சேவைகளை வழங்குகின்றன. இந்தியச் சமவெளிப் பகுதிகளைப் பொறுத்தவரை, [[Wy/ta/இலக்னோ|இலக்னோ]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|LKO}}), [[Wy/ta/அமிர்தசரஸ்|அமிர்தசரஸ்]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|ATQ}}) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சண்டிகர்|சண்டிகர்]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|IXC}}) வழியாகவும் சில விமானச் சேவைகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. [[Wy/ta/மேற்கு இந்தியா|மேற்கு இந்தியாவில்]], [[Wy/ta/புனே|புனே]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|PNQ}}) மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/செய்ப்பூர்|செய்ப்பூர்]] ({{Wy/ta/IATA|JAI}}) ஆகியவையும் முக்கியமான வானூர்தி நிலையங்களாகத் திகழ்கின்றன. [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவா]] [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பியா|ஐரோப்பிய]] சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு மிகவும் விருப்பமான இடமாக இருப்பதால், ''காண்டோர்'' மற்றும் ''தாம்சன் ஏர்வேஸ்'' போன்ற பல ஐரோப்பிய தனித்து முழு உரிமையுடை வாடகை வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் அங்கு சேவைகளை வழங்குகின்றன. ==== வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் ==== சர்வதேச வானூர்தி சேவைகளை வழங்கும் இந்திய வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் பின்வருமாறு: * '''[https://www.airindia.com ஏர் இந்தியா]:''' இந்தியாவின் முதன்மை வானூர்தி நிறுவனமான இது, டாடா குழுமத்திற்குச் சொந்தமானது மற்றும் 'ஸ்டார் அலையன்ஸ்' கூட்டமைப்பின் உறுப்பினராக உள்ளது. தற்போது டாடா குழுமத்தின் கீழ் இது ஒரு பெரிய மாற்றத்திற்கு உட்படுத்தப்பட்டு வருகிறது. காலதாமதமான சேவைகள், சுகாதாரக் குறைபாடுகள் மற்றும் போட்டியாளர்களை விடக் குறைவான பாதுகாப்புத் தரம் ஆகியவற்றால் இது கடந்த காலத்தில் மோசமான நற்பெயரைக் கொண்டிருந்தது. * '''[https://www.goindigo.in இண்டிகோ]:''' 40-க்கும் மேற்பட்ட சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையங்களுக்குச் சேவையளிக்கும் ஒரு குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி நிறுவனம். இந்திய வானூர்திப் போக்குவரத்துத் துறையில் நல்ல நற்பெயர் கொண்ட நிறுவனங்களில் ஒன்றாகக் கருதப்படுவதோடு, சிறந்த பாதுகாப்புப் பதிவையும் கொண்டுள்ளது. * '''[https://www.spicejet.com ஸ்பைஸ்ஜெட்]:''' 13 சர்வதேச இடங்களுக்குச் சேவையளிக்கும் ஒரு குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி நிறுவனம். * '''[http://www.akasaair.com ஆகாசா ஏர்]:''' 5 சர்வதேச இடங்களுக்குச் சேவையளிக்கும் ஒரு குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி நிறுவனம். இந்திய வானூர்திப் போக்குவரத்துத் துறையிலேயே மிகத் துல்லியமான நேரத்தைக் கடைப்பிடிக்கும் வானூர்தி நிறுவனம் இதுவாகும். இந்த வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் உலகம் முழுவதிலும் உள்ள முக்கிய வானூர்தி நிலைய மையங்களிலிருந்து தினசரி வானூர்தி சேவைகளை வழங்குகின்றன. வானூர்தி நிலைய முனையத்திற்குள் நுழைவதற்கு முன்பாகவே, அச்சிடப்பட்ட வானூர்தி பயணச் சீட்டு, நுழைவுச் சீட்டு மற்றும் அடையாள அட்டை (கடவுச்சீட்டு, இந்தியக் கடல்கடந்த குடிமகன் ஆவண அட்டை, அல்லது ஆதார் அட்டை) ஆகியவற்றை நீங்கள் வைத்திருக்க வேண்டும். பெரும்பாலான இந்திய வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள், அனுமதிக்கப்பட்ட பயணச் சாமான்களின் எடையை அதிகரிப்பது அல்லது பயணத் தேதிகளை மாற்றுவது போன்றவற்றில் மிகவும் கடுமையான அல்லது வாடிக்கையாளர்களுக்குச் சாதகமற்ற கொள்கைகளைக் கொண்டுள்ளன. எனவே, உங்கள் பயணத்தில் ஏதேனும் மாற்றங்கள் தேவைப்படலாம் என்று கருதினால், முன்பதிவு செய்வதற்கு முன்பே அந்த நிறுவனத்தின் கொள்கைகளைச் சரிபார்ப்பது நல்லது. அமெரிக்கா மற்றும் கனடாவின் பல நகரங்களிலிருந்து நேரடி வானூர்தி சேவைகள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் லத்தீன் அமெரிக்காவிலிருந்து நேரடி வானூர்திகள் எதுவும் இல்லை. ஐரோப்பா மற்றும் காகசஸ் பகுதிகளிலிருந்து ஏராளமான விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. பயணச் சீட்டுக் கட்டணத்தைச் சேமிக்க, மத்திய கிழக்கு நாடுகள் வழியாகச் செல்லும் பயண வழிகளைப் பரிசீலிக்கலாம்; அங்கிருந்து ஏராளமான வானூர்தி சேவைகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. ஆசியாவின் பெரும்பாலான பகுதிகளிலிருந்து நல்ல இணைப்பு வசதிகள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் பாக்கித்தானிலிருந்து நேரடி வானூர்திகள் எதுவும் இல்லை. ஓசியானியா பகுதியைப் பொறுத்தவரை, ஆத்திரேலியாவிலிருந்து மட்டுமே நேரடி வானூர்திகள் உள்ளன. ஆப்பிரிக்காவைப் பொறுத்தவரை, முக்கிய நகரங்களிலிருந்து வானூர்தி சேவைகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. இந்தியாவிற்கு வந்தடைந்ததும் உங்கள் நுழைவுச் சீட்டு சரிபார்க்கப்படும் என்பதால், அதைத் தவறாமல் பத்திரமாக வைத்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள். தில்லி போன்ற சில இந்திய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில், கடவுச்சீட்டை ஸ்கேன் செய்வதன் மூலம் அருகலை (''Wi-Fi'') வசதியைப் பெறலாம் மற்றும் குறுகிய கால சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கான செறிவு அட்டைகளைப் பெறலாம்; ஆனால் பெரும்பாலான வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் அருகலை அல்லது செறிவு அட்டை வசதிகள் வழங்கப்படுவதில்லை. ==== விரைவு குடிவரவு வழிமுறை (''எப்டிஐ'') - நம்பகமான பயணித் திட்டம் (''டிடிபி'')==== [https://ftittp.mha.gov.in/fti/ '''எப்டிஐ‑டிடிபி''' ('''விரைவு குடிவரவு வழிமுறை – நம்பகமான பயணித் திட்டம்''')] என்பது அரசாங்கத்தால் அங்கீகரிக்கப்பட்ட பயணிகளுக்கான குடிவரவுச் சோதனைகளை விரைவுபடுத்தும் இந்தியாவின் ஒரு அமைப்பாகும். இணையம் வழியாக விண்ணப்பித்து அடையாளச் சரிபார்ப்பை நிறைவு செய்த பிறகு, பயணிகள் ''நம்பகமான பயணிகள்'' தரவுத்தளத்தில் சேர்க்கப்படுகிறார்கள். இத்திட்டத்தில் பங்கேற்கும் வானூர்தி நிலையங்களுக்கு அவர்கள் வரும்போது, ​​வழக்கமான வரிசைகளுக்குப் பதிலாக, இதற்கென ஒதுக்கப்பட்ட விரைவு குடிவரவுப் பாதைகளைப் பயன்படுத்தலாம். இப்பாதைகளில், தானியங்கி அமைப்புகள் மூலம் அவர்களின் கடவுச்சீட்டு மற்றும் உயிரியல் அளவீட்டு விவரங்கள் சரிபார்க்கப்படுகின்றன. இதனால் அவர்கள் வழக்கத்தை விட மிக விரைவாகக் குடிவரவு நடைமுறைகளை நிறைவு செய்ய முடிகிறது. அடிக்கடி பயணம் செய்பவர்கள், குடும்பங்கள் மற்றும் வருகையின்போது மிகவும் திறமையான மற்றும் எளிதான அனுபவத்தை விரும்புபவர்கள் ஆகியோருக்காக சர்வதேசப் பயணத்தை மென்மையாக்கும் வகையில் இது வடிவமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இது இந்தியா முழுவதும் உள்ள 13 முக்கிய சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் நடைமுறையில் உள்ளது. === படகில் ''அல்லது'' கப்பலில் === 2026-ஆம் ஆண்டில், இந்தியாவிற்கான சர்வதேச கடல்வழிப் பயணம் குறைந்த அளவிலேயே உள்ளது. தமிழ்நாடு மற்றும் வடக்கு இலங்கைக்கு இடையே இயக்கப்படும் '''நாகப்பட்டினம் – காங்கேசன்துறை இடையிலான படகுச் சேவை''' மட்டுமே திட்டமிடப்பட்ட ஒரே பயணிகள் சேவையாகும். இது பொதுவாக வாரத்திற்குப் பலமுறை இயக்கப்படுகிறது மற்றும் பயண நேரம் சுமார் நான்கு மணிநேரம் ஆகும். இந்தியாவிற்கு வேறு எந்த சர்வதேச பயணிகள் படகுச் சேவைகளும் இயக்கப்படுவதில்லை. இருப்பினும், இந்தியப் பெருங்கடல் மற்றும் அரபிக்கடல் வழித்தடங்களில் பயணிக்கும் சுற்றுலாப் பயணக் கப்பல்கள் பருவகால அடிப்படையில் இந்தியாவிற்கு வருகின்றன. [[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]], [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவா]] ([[Wy/ta/மர்மகோவா|மர்மகோவா]]), [[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]], [[Wy/ta/கொச்சி|கொச்சி]], [[Wy/ta/புதிய மங்களூரு|புதிய மங்களூரு]], [[Wy/ta/விசாகப்பட்டினம்|விசாகப்பட்டினம்]] மற்றும் அவ்வப்போது [[Wy/ta/ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம்|ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம்]] ஆகியவை கப்பல்கள் வந்து நிற்கும் முக்கிய துறைமுகங்களாகும். [[Wy/ta/இலட்சத்தீவுகள்|இலட்சத்தீவில்]] உள்ள [[Wy/ta/மினிக்காய் தீவு|மினிக்காய் தீவும்]] அனுமதிக்கப்பட்ட நுழைவிடமாக உள்ளது, இருப்பினும் அங்குள்ள வசதிகள் குறைவாகவே உள்ளன. கடல் வழியாக வரும் பயணிகள் இந்தியக் ''கடலோரக் காவல் படை'' மற்றும் குடியேற்றத் துறை நடைமுறைகளுக்குக் கட்டுப்பட வேண்டும்; இதில் அடையாளச் சரிபார்ப்பு மற்றும் சுங்கத்துறை சோதனைகள் ஆகியவை அடங்கலாம். வானூர்தி நிலையங்களை விட, குறிப்பாகச் சிறிய துறைமுகங்களில், இச்செயல்முறைகளுக்கு அதிக நேரம் ஆகலாம். === தொடருந்தில் === நேபாள இரயில்வேயால் இயக்கப்படும் தொடருந்துகள், [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளத்தின்]] தனுசா மாவட்டத்தில் உள்ள [[Wy/ta/கசூரி|கசூரி]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/பிகார்|பிகாரில்]] உள்ள ''செயநகர்'' ஆகிய இடங்களுக்கு இடையே சேவையில் உள்ளன. இவ்விரு இடங்களும் பயணிகளுக்குப் பெரிதாக ஈர்ப்பை ஏற்படுத்துவதில்லை என்பதாலும், அங்கிருந்து நேபாளத்தின் பிற பகுதிகளுக்குத் தொடர் பயண வசதிகள் இல்லாததாலும், பெரும்பாலான பயணிகள் பேருந்து அல்லது வானூர்திப் பயணத்தையே தேர்ந்தெடுக்கின்றனர். [[Wy/ta/வங்காளதேசம்|வங்காளதேசத்திலிருந்து]] இயக்கப்படும் தொடருந்துச் சேவைகள்: ''மைத்ரி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்'' ([[Wy/ta/டாக்கா|டாக்கா]] - [[Wy/ta/கொல்கத்தா|கொல்கத்தா]]), ''பந்தன் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்'' (குல்னா - கொல்கத்தா) மற்றும் ''மிதாலி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்'' (டாக்கா - [[Wy/ta/நியூ சல்பைகுரி|நியூ சல்பைகுரி]]). [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]] மற்றும் இந்தியா இடையிலான அனைத்து இரயில் சேவைகளும் 2019-ஆம் ஆண்டு முதல் நிறுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன. [http://www.indianrail.gov.in இந்தியத் தொடருந்து விசாரணை] இணையதளத்தில் நிலையங்களுக்கு இடையே எந்தெந்த தொடருந்துகள் உள்ளன என்பதை நீங்கள் தெரிந்துகொள்ளலாம். இருப்பினும், இணையம் வழியாக தொடருந்து பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்ய, இந்திய அரசின் இணையதளமான [https://www.india.gov.in/ இந்திய அரசின் அதிகாரபூர்வ இணையதளத்]-தைப் பயன்படுத்த வேண்டும். இந்தத் தளத்தின் மூலம் முன்பதிவு செய்ய, நீங்கள் பதிவு செய்துகொள்ள வேண்டும் (இதற்கு எவ்விதக் கட்டணமும் இல்லை); மேலும், உங்களுக்கு ஒரு கடனட்டை அல்லது பற்று அட்டை தேவைப்படும். தொடருந்து பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்யக் குறைந்தபட்சச் சேவைக்கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கும் பல பயண முகவர்களின் சேவைகளையும் நீங்கள் பயன்படுத்திக்கொள்ளலாம். === நிலவழி === ==== நேபாளம் ==== [[Wy/ta/காத்மாண்டு|காத்மாண்டு]], [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளம்]], பேருந்துகள் தினசரி எல்லையைக் கடக்கின்றன. வழக்கமாக [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]], [[Wy/ta/இலக்னோ|இலக்னோ]], [[Wy/ta/பட்னா|பட்னா]], [[Wy/ta/சிலிகுரி|சிலிகுரி]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/வாரணாசி|வாரணாசி]] ஆகிய இடங்களுக்குச் செல்லும். இருப்பினும், எல்லைக் கடக்கும் ஒரு பேருந்தையும் அங்கிருந்து மற்றொரு பேருந்தையும் எடுத்துச் செல்வது மலிவானது மற்றும் நம்பகமானது. எல்லைக் கடப்புகள் (இந்தியா/நேபாளம் பக்கம்) வாரணாசிக்கு சுனௌலி/பைரவா, [[Wy/ta/பட்னா|பட்னாக்கான]] ரக்சால்/பிர்கஞ்ச், கொல்கத்தா, [[Wy/ta/காகர்பிட்டா|காகர்பிட்டா]] சிலிகுரி மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/டார்ஜிலிங்|டார்ஜிலிங்]], மற்றும் தில்லிக்கு மகேந்திரநகர்-பன்பாசா. நேபாளத்துடனான அனைத்து எல்லைக் கடப்புகளும் ''சஷாஸ்த்ரா சீமா பாலின்'' அதிகார வரம்பிற்கு உட்பட்டவை, மேலும் எல்லைக் கடக்கும் செயல்முறையின் மூலம் உங்களுக்கு வழிகாட்டும் இந்த அதிகாரிகளுடன் நீங்கள் இணங்க வேண்டும். ==== பூட்டான் ==== [[Wy/ta/பூட்டான்|பூட்டான்]] அரசாங்கம் புயன்ட்சோலிங்கிலிருந்து ஒரு சேவையை இயக்குகிறது. இப்பயணத்திற்கு சுமார் 18 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். [[Wy/ta/சிலிகுரி|சிலிகுரிக்கும்]] புயன்ட்சோலிங்கிற்கும் இடையே அடிக்கடி சேவைகள் உள்ளன. ==== மியான்மார் ==== [[File:India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway.svg|thumb|300px|"இந்தியா-மியான்மார்-தாய்லாந்து முத்தரப்பு நெடுஞ்சாலை"யானது, மியான்மார் வழியாக இந்தியாவின் மணிப்பூர் மாநிலத்திலுள்ள மோரே நகரையும் தாய்லாந்தின் மே சோட் நகரையும் இணைக்கிறது. இதன் மூலம் 1,813 கி.மீ நீளமுள்ள "இம்பால்-மண்டலே-பாங்காக்" வழித்தடம் உருவாகிறது.]] [[Wy/ta/மியான்மார்|மியான்மார்]] நாட்டிலிருந்து '''மோரே/[[Wy/ta/தாமு|தாமு]]''' வழியாக நுழைவது சாத்தியமாகும். இதுவே இவ்விரு நாடுகளுக்கும் இடையே பயணிக்க இந்தியாவில் உள்ள மிகவும் மேம்பட்ட மற்றும் ஒரே வளர்ச்சியடைந்த பாதையாகும். இது '''இந்தியா-மியான்மார் நட்புச் சாலை''' மற்றும் '''இந்தியா-மியான்மார்-தாய்லாந்து முத்தரப்பு நெடுஞ்சாலை''' ஆகியவற்றின் வழித்தடமாகும். மியான்மாருடனான அனைத்து எல்லைக் கடப்புப் பகுதிகளும் '''அசாம் ரைப்பிள்ஸ்''' படையின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. எனவே, எல்லைக் கடப்பு நடைமுறைகளின்போது இராணுவ அதிகாரிகளின் வழிகாட்டுதல்களை நீங்கள் பின்பற்ற வேண்டியிருக்கும். ==== பாக்கித்தான் ==== [[Wy/ta/வாகா|வாகா]]/[[Wy/ta/அட்டாரி|அட்டாரி]], [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான் நிர்வகிக்கும் காசுமீர்|சக்கோதி]]/[[Wy/ta/ஊரி|ஊரி]], [[Wy/ta/பூஞ்சு பிரிவு|சக்கன் தா பாகு]]/[[Wy/ta/பூஞ்சு|பூஞ்சு]], [[Wy/ta/கசூர்|கசூர்]]/[[Wy/ta/பெரோசுபூர்|பெரோசுபூர்]], [[Wy/ta/பகாவல்நகர்|பகாவல்நகர்]]/[[Wy/ta/பட்டிண்டா|பட்டிண்டா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/லோங்கேவாலா|லோங்கேவாலா]] ஆகிய வழிகள் வழியாக நீங்கள் '''நுழைய முடியாது'''. இந்தியாவின் பாதுகாப்பு கவலைகள் காரணமாக இவை காலவரையின்றி மூடப்பட்டுள்ளன. எல்லைப் பதற்றம் காரணமாக, பாகித்தானுடனான எல்லைக் கடப்புப் பாதைகள் வழியாக வெளியேறுவதற்கும் உங்களுக்கு அனுமதி இல்லை. இந்த எல்லையிலிருந்து 10 கி.மீ சுற்றளவிற்குள் பயணம் செய்வதைத் தவிர்க்குமாறு பல நாடுகள் தொடர்ந்து அறிவுறுத்தி வருகின்றன. பாகித்தானுடனான அனைத்து எல்லைக் கடப்புப் பாதைகளும் '''எல்லைப் பாதுகாப்புப் படை'''யின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. எல்லைக் கடப்பு நடைமுறைகளின்போது வழிகாட்டும் அந்த அதிகாரிகளின் அறிவுறுத்தல்களை நீங்கள் பின்பற்ற வேண்டியிருக்கும். ==== வங்காளதேசம் ==== [[Wy/ta/வங்காளதேசம்|வங்காளதேசத்திலிருந்து]] இந்தியாவுக்குள் நுழைவதற்குப் பல தரைவழிப் பாதைகள் உள்ளன. இருப்பினும், எல்லைப் பகுதிகளில் அவ்வப்போது ஏற்படும் மோதல்கள் காரணமாக, இந்தியா-வங்காளதேச எல்லைக்குச் செல்லும்போது அங்குள்ள நிலவரத்தை முன்கூட்டியே சரிபார்க்குமாறு பல நாடுகள் அறிவுறுத்துகின்றன. வங்காளதேசத்துடனான அனைத்து எல்லைக் கடப்புப் பகுதிகளும் '''எல்லைப் பாதுகாப்புப் படை'''யின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. எனவே, எல்லைக் கடப்பு நடைமுறைகளின்போது அந்த அதிகாரிகளின் வழிகாட்டுதல்களை நீங்கள் பின்பற்ற வேண்டியிருக்கும். {{Wy/ta/Anchor|அரிதாசுபூர்-பெனாபோல் கிராசிங்}} டாக்காவிலிருந்து கொல்கத்தாவிற்கு, [[Wy/ta/பங்கான்|பங்கான்]] அருகே உள்ள [[Wy/ta/பெனாபோல்|'''பெட்ராபோல்-பெனாபோல்''']] எல்லைச் சாவடி வழியாக இயக்கப்படும் வழக்கமான குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட மற்றும் வசதியான பேருந்து சேவைகளே மிகவும் பொதுவான வழியாகும். [[Wy/ta/டாக்கா|டாக்காவிலிருந்து]] ''வங்காளதேச சாலை போக்குவரத்துக் கழக (BRTC)'' சிட்டையின் கீழ் ''ஷியாமோலி'' மற்றும் பிற நிறுவனங்களால் இயக்கப்படும் மற்றொரு தினசரி பேருந்து சேவை [[Wy/ta/சிலிகுரி|சிலிகுரியை]] இணைக்கிறது, ஆனால் இந்த வழித்தடத்தில் உள்ள பேருந்துகள் சங்ரபந்தா/புரிமாரி அல்லது புருங்மாரி எல்லைச் சாவடிகளைக் கடப்பதில்லை. டாக்காவிற்கும் [[Wy/ta/திரிபுரா|திரிபுராவின்]] தலைநகரான [[Wy/ta/அகர்தலா|அகர்தலாவிற்கும்]] இடையே ஒரு வழக்கமான பேருந்து சேவையும் உள்ளது. வங்காளதேசத்திலிருந்து மேற்கு வங்காளத்திற்குள் நுழைவதற்கான இலி, சிலாகதி/அல்திபாரி, பங்களாபந்த் எல்லைச் சாவடிகள்; மேகாலயாவில் உள்ள [[Wy/ta/சில்லாங்|சில்லாங்கிற்குச்]] செல்லும் வழித்தடத்திற்கான தமாபில் எல்லைச் சாவடி; மற்றும் வடகிழக்கு இந்தியப் பகுதிகளுக்கு அதிகம் அறியப்படாத வழித்தடங்களைக் கொண்ட வேறு சில இடங்களும் வங்காளதேசத்திலிருந்து மற்ற நுழைவிடங்களாகும். ==== சீனா ==== [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] மாநிலத்தில் உள்ள [[Wy/ta/நாது லா|'''நாது லா கணவாய்''']], [[Wy/ta/திபெத்|திபெத்]] எல்லையில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இந்தக் எல்லைப் பகுதி சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்குத் திறக்கப்படவில்லை. உள்ளூர் வணிகர்கள் மட்டுமே இதைக் கடந்து செல்ல அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறார்கள். இருபுறமிருந்தும் இந்தக் கணவாயைச் சென்று பார்க்கச் சிறப்பு அனுமதிகள் தேவைப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், வெளிநாட்டினர் இந்தியப் பகுதிக்குச் செல்ல அனுமதி இல்லை. திபெத் எல்லையில் அமைந்துள்ள [[Wy/ta/உத்தராகண்டம்|உத்தராகண்டம்]] மாநிலத்தின் '''லிபுலேக் கணவாய்''', முக்கியமாக [[Wy/ta/கயிலை மலை|கயிலை மலை]] மற்றும் மானசரோவர் ஏரிக்குச் செல்லும் இந்து, பௌத்த மற்றும் சமண மத பயணிகளுக்கான பாதையாகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. இக்கணவாய் திபெத்தில் உள்ள புரங் நகருக்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இதன் வழியாகச் செல்ல அனுமதிகள் தேவைப்படுகின்றன. திபெத் எல்லையில் உள்ள [[Wy/ta/இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசத்தின்]] '''சிப்கி லா கணவாய்''', எல்லை தாண்டிய சிறிய அளவிலான உள்ளூர் வர்த்தகத்திற்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. இப்பகுதி அப்பகுதியைச் சாராதவர்களுக்குத் திறக்கப்படவில்லை. எனவே, பெரும்பாலான மக்கள் [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளத்தில்]] உள்ள தரைவழிப் பாதைகள் மூலமாகவே பயணம் செய்கிறார்கள். சீனாவுடனான அனைத்து எல்லைக் கடப்புகளும் ''இந்தோ-திபெத்திய எல்லைக் காவல் படையின் (ஐடிபிபி)'' கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. எல்லைக் கடப்பு நடைமுறைகளின்போது வழிகாட்டும் இவர்களின் அறிவுறுத்தல்களை நீங்கள் பின்பற்ற வேண்டியிருக்கும். == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == இந்தியா ஒரு மிகப்பெரிய நாடு. இங்குப் பயணம் செய்வதற்குப் பல சுவையான வழிகள் உள்ளன. ஆனால், அவற்றில் பெரும்பாலானவற்றைத் திறமையானவை அல்லது நேரத்தைக் கச்சிதமாகக் கடைப்பிடிப்பவை என்று சொல்ல முடியாது. ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட நேரத்திற்குள் (உதாரணமாக, நீங்கள் ஊர் திரும்பும் வானூர்திப் பயணத்திற்கு) சென்றடைய வேண்டிய கட்டாயம் இருந்தால், பயணத்திற்குத் தாராளமான கூடுதல் நேரத்தை ஒதுக்குங்கள். அத்துடன், பயணத்தின் நோக்கத்தை அடைவது மட்டுமல்லாமல், அந்தப் பயணத்தை மேற்கொள்வதே அதில் உள்ள பாதி மகிழ்ச்சி என்பதையும் நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். [[Wy/ta/வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா|வடகிழக்கு இந்தியாவின்]] பெரும்பகுதி ([[Wy/ta/அசாம்|அசாம்]] மாநிலம் இதற்கு விதிவிலக்கு), [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சம்மு காசுமீர் (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)|சம்மு காசுமீர்]], [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கு|இலடாக்கு]], [[Wy/ta/இலட்சத்தீவுகள்|இலட்சத்தீவுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/இராசத்தான்|இராசத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/உத்தராகண்டம்|உத்தராகண்டம்]] ஆகியவற்றின் சில பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்ல '''பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட பகுதி அனுமதி''' அல்லது '''உள்-வரிசை அனுமதி''' பெற வேண்டியிருக்கும் ([[#உள்-வரிசை அனுமதி|கீழே உள்ள]] பகுதியைப் பார்க்கவும்). சாதாரண விசா வைத்திருக்கும் வெளிநாட்டினரைப் பொறுத்தவரை, இந்திய விசாவிற்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கும்போதே இந்த அனுமதிகளையும் கோருவது எளிதான வழியாகும்; அப்போது அவை உங்கள் விசாவிலேயே இணைக்கப்படும் (மின்னணு பயண அங்கீகாரம் அல்லது மின்னணு-விசா வசதியைப் பயன்படுத்தும்போது இது சாத்தியமில்லை). இல்லையெனில், நீங்கள் உள்ளூர் உள்துறை அமைச்சக அலுவலகத்தைத் (மாவட்ட மாஜிஸ்திரேட் அலுவலகம் என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது) தேடிக் கண்டுபிடித்து, அதிகாரத்துவ நடைமுறைகளை எதிர்கொள்ள வேண்டியிருக்கும். உள்ளூர் பயண முகவர்கள் மூலமாகவும் இந்த அனுமதிகளைப் பெறலாம். ஆனால், பெரும்பாலும் அவர்களிடமே சுற்றுலாப் பயணத் திட்டத்தைப் பதிவு செய்வது இதற்கு நிபந்தனையாக இருக்கலாம். இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள் இந்த அனுமதிகளுக்கு இணையம் வழியாக விண்ணப்பிக்கலாம். === முகவரிகள் === நீங்கள் ஒரு இடத்திற்குச் செல்ல வேண்டுமென்றால், முன்கூட்டியே தொலைபேசியில் அழைத்து விரிவான வழிமுறைகளைக் கேட்டுத் தெரிந்துகொள்வது நல்லது. நகரங்களுக்கு வெளியே சாலைப் பெயர்ப் பலகைகள் அரிதாகவோ அல்லது இல்லாமலோ இருக்கலாம் என்பதை நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். முகவரிகளை எளிதாகக் கண்டறியும் வகையில், "பிரித்வி திரையரங்குக்கு எதிரில்", "மாருதி காட்சி அறைக்குப் பின்னால்" அல்லது "கோவில்/தேவாலயம்/மசூதி/வங்கி கிளை/காவல் நிலையம்/பள்ளிக்கு அருகில்" போன்ற முக்கிய அடையாளங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் முகவரிகளில் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டிருக்கும். மேற்கத்திய முகவரி முறையைப் போலன்றி, இந்திய முறையில் தெருப் பெயர் மற்றும் தொகுதி எண்ணுக்குப் பதிலாக, மனையின் எண் அல்லது வீட்டு எண் (சில சமயங்களில் வீட்டுப் பெயர்), தெரு அல்லது சாலையின் பெயர், அதைத் தொடர்ந்து முக்கிய அடையாளம் மற்றும் அஞ்சல் குறியீட்டு எண் ஆகியவை பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன. ஒரு இடத்தைக் கண்டறியச் சற்று தேட வேண்டியிருக்கலாம். ஆனால், அந்தப் பகுதியில் உங்களுக்கு வழிகாட்ட முன்வரும் யாரையாவது நீங்கள் நிச்சயம் காணலாம். பல நாடுகளைப் போலன்றி, இந்தியாவில் மக்கள் தெரு முகவரிகள் குறித்த வழிகாட்டுதலுக்கு வழிப்போக்கர்கள், அருகிலுள்ள கடைக்காரர்கள் அல்லது காவல்துறையினரை அணுகுவது வழக்கம். எனவே நீங்களும் அவ்வாறே செய்யலாம். மக்கள் உங்களுக்கு உதவ மகிழ்ச்சியுடன் முன்வருவார்கள். முக்கிய நகரங்களில் புவிநிலை காட்டி (''ஜிபிஎஸ்'') வசதியுடன் கூடிய கூகுள் நிலப்படங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் சிறப்பாகச் செயல்படும். இருப்பினும், சாலைப் பெயர்களின் எழுத்துப்பிழை அல்லது வரைபடத்தில் தவறான இருப்பிடக் குறிப்பு போன்ற காரணங்களால் சில நேரங்களில் அது துல்லியமாக இல்லாமல் போகலாம். ==== உள்-வரிசை அனுமதி ==== உள்-வரிசை அனுமதி என்பது, இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள் பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட அல்லது கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்கு உட்பட்ட பகுதிகளுக்குள் குறிப்பிட்ட காலத்திற்குச் சென்று வர இந்திய அரசால் வழங்கப்படும் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ பயண ஆவணமாகும். பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட மாநிலங்களுக்குள் நுழைவதற்கு, அந்த மாநிலங்களுக்கு வெளியேயுள்ள இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள் இத்தகைய அனுமதியைப் பெறுவது கட்டாயமாகும். இந்தியாவின் சர்வதேச எல்லைக்கு அருகிலுள்ள குறிப்பிட்ட சில பகுதிகளுக்கான நடமாட்டத்தைக் முறைப்படுத்துவதற்காக அரசின் முயற்சியாக இந்த ஆவணம் உருவாக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இது ஒரு பாதுகாப்பு நடவடிக்கையாகும்; மேலும் இது பின்வரும் மாநிலங்களுக்குப் பொருந்தும்: * [[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] — இதற்கான அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேச அரசுச் செயலாளரால் வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. அசாம் அல்லது நாகாலாந்துடனான மாநில எல்லைகளில் உள்ள சோதனைச் சாவடிகள் வழியாக அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேச மாநிலத்திற்குள் நுழைய இந்த அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் அவசியமாகும். முக்கிய நகரங்களில் உள்ள 'அருணாச்சல் பவன்' அலுவலகங்களில் இந்த அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகளைப் பெறலாம். குறிப்பிட்ட மாவட்டங்களுக்கென அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் வழங்கப்படுவதால், மாவட்ட நுழைவு அனுமதிகளுக்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கும் முன்பே உங்கள் பயணத் திட்டத்தை வகுத்துக்கொள்ள வேண்டும். ஒவ்வொரு மாவட்ட எல்லையிலும் உள்ள சோதனைச் சாவடிகள், உள்ளூர்வாசிகள் மற்றும் அனுமதிச் சீட்டு வைத்திருப்பவர்களை மட்டுமே அனுமதிக்கின்றன. * [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூர்]], [[Wy/ta/மிசோரம்|மிசோரம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/நாகாலாந்து|நாகாலாந்து]] — கட்டுப்பாடற்ற மக்கள் வருகையைத் தவிர்க்கும் பொருட்டு, இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள் குறிப்பிட்ட காலத்திற்குள் மாநிலத்திற்குள் நுழைவதை அனுமதிக்கும் வகையில் அந்தந்த மாநில அரசுகளால் இதற்கான அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. பெரும்பாலான வெளிநாட்டுச் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு இந்த அனுமதிச் சீட்டு தேவையில்லை; இருப்பினும், அவர்கள் மாநிலத்திற்கு வந்தடைந்த 24 மணி நேரத்திற்குள் காவல்துறையிடம் தங்களைப் பதிவு செய்துகொள்ள வேண்டும். வழக்கமாக உங்கள் தங்கும் விடுதியே இந்தப் பணியைச் செய்துவிடும் என்றாலும், அதை உறுதிப்படுத்திக்கொள்வது நல்லது. ஆப்கானித்தான், சீனா மற்றும் பாக்கித்தான் ஆகிய நாடுகளின் குடிமக்கள் அல்லது முன்னாள் குடிமக்கள் இப்பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்ல உள்துறை அமைச்சகத்திடமிருந்து சிறப்பு அனுமதி பெற வேண்டும். * [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] — இடைக்காலத்தில் பட்டுப் பாதையின் முக்கியப் பகுதியாகத் திகழ்ந்ததும், தற்போது இந்தியா-சீனா இடையிலான எல்லையின் ஒரு பகுதியாக அமைந்திருப்பதுமான [[Wy/ta/நாது லா|நாது லா]] கணவாய்க்குச் செல்ல அனுமதிச் சீட்டு தேவைப்படுகிறது. இக்கணவாய்க்குச் செல்ல வெளிநாட்டினருக்கு அனுமதி வழங்கப்படுவதில்லை. இந்தியக் குடிமக்கள் மட்டுமே இங்குச் செல்ல அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறார்கள். மேலும், [[Wy/ta/லாச்சுங்|லாச்சுங்]]-[[Wy/ta/லாச்சென்|லாச்சென்]] போன்ற உயரமான மலைப்பகுதிகள் மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/குருடோங்மார் ஏரி|குருடோங்மார் ஏரி]] ஆகிய இடங்களுக்குச் செல்வதற்கான அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகளை கேங்டாக்கிலிருந்து நேரடியாகப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம். இப்பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்ல வெளிநாட்டினரும் அனுமதிக்கப்படலாம். "சீரோ பாயிண்ட்" எனப்படும் மற்றொரு இடத்திற்கும் செல்ல அனுமதிச் சீட்டு தேவைப்படுகிறது. * [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]] — இந்தியர் அல்லாதவர்கள் இத்தீவுகளுக்குச் செல்ல ''கட்டுப்படுத்தப்பட்ட பகுதி அனுமதி'' பெற வேண்டும். தற்போது இவ்வனுமதி [[Wy/ta/ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம்|ஸ்ரீவிசயபுரம்]], நீங்கள் கடல் வழியாக வருவதாக இருந்தால், [[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]] அல்லது இந்திய விசாவிற்கு விண்ணப்பிக்கும்போதே அதற்கான அனுமதியை முன்கூட்டியே பெற்றுக்கொள்ள வேண்டும். இந்தியக் குடிமக்களுக்கு அந்தமான் தீவுகளுக்குச் செல்ல அனுமதி தேவையில்லை. இருப்பினும், நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள் மற்றும் பிற பழங்குடியினப் பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்ல அனுமதி தேவைப்படுகிறது, மேலும் இத்தகைய அனுமதிகள் அரிதாகவே வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. === வானூர்தியில் === இந்தியாவின் பரந்த நிலப்பரப்பும், சீரற்ற சாலைகளும் வானூர்திப் பயணத்தை ஒரு நடைமுறைக்கு ஏற்ற விருப்பமாக்குகின்றது. குறிப்பாக, கடந்த சில ஆண்டுகளில் கட்டணங்கள் சரிந்துள்ளதால் இது சாத்தியமாகியுள்ளது. இந்தியாவின் கடலோரத் தீவுகள் மற்றும் தொலைதூர மலை மாநிலங்களுக்குக் கூட வானூர்திச் சேவைகள் வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. கடந்த சில ஆண்டுகளில் ஏற்பட்ட வானூர்திப் போக்குவரத்து வளர்ச்சியின் காரணமாக, வானூர்தி நிலையங்களால் இந்த வான் போக்குவரத்தைச் சமாளிக்க முடியவில்லை. பெரும்பாலான இந்திய வானூர்தி நிலையங்கள் ஒரே ஒரு ஓடுபாதை மற்றும் சில பயணிகள் ஏறும் வாயில்களுடன் தொடர்ந்து இயங்கி வருகின்றன. குறிப்பாக தில்லி மற்றும் மும்பையில், வருகைப் பதிவு மற்றும் பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனைக்கான வரிசைகள் மிகவும் நீளமாக இருக்கலாம். இந்தியா, ஐதராபாத்து மற்றும் பெங்களூருவில் இரண்டு புதிய சர்வதேச வானூர்தி நிலையங்களைக் கட்டியுள்ளது. அவை நவீனமானவை மற்றும் சிறந்த வசதிகளுடன் கூடியவை. தில்லி வானூர்தி நிலையத்தில் புதிதாகக் கட்டப்பட்ட முனையம் 3, உலகின் 8-வது பெரிய முனையமாகும். வட இந்தியாவில், குறிப்பாக தில்லியில், '''கடுமையான குளிர்காலப் பனிமூட்டம்''' பயண அட்டவணைகளில் பெரும் பாதிப்பை ஏற்படுத்தக்கூடும். குறிப்பாக கிறிஸ்துமஸ் பண்டிகைக் காலத்திலும் சனவரி மாதத்திலும் இது நிகழ்ந்து, நாடு முழுவதும் மிகப்பெரிய தாமதங்களுக்கு வழிவகுக்கிறது. மலைகளில் உள்ள சிறிய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களுக்கு, குறிப்பாக ஆண்டின் பெரும்பாலான நாட்களில் வானூர்தி மூலம் மட்டுமே சென்றடையக்கூடிய இலடாக்கிலுள்ள [[Wy/ta/லே|லே]] போன்ற இடங்களுக்கு, வானூர்திப் போக்குவரத்து எப்போதுமே சீரற்றதாகவே இருக்கும். ==== வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் ==== [[File:IndiGo A320neo (VT-ITZ) @ GAU, Sept 2019 (02).jpg|thumb|இந்தியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய உள்நாட்டு வானூர்தி நிறுவனம் இன்டிகோ ஆகும். இது அதன் A320neo வானூர்தி.]] ஒரு காலத்தில், உள்நாட்டு வானூர்திச் சேவைகள் அரசுக்குச் சொந்தமான இந்தியன் ஏர்லைன்ஸ் நிறுவனத்தின் ஏகபோக உரிமையாக இருந்தன. ஆனால் நிலைமை இப்போது பெருமளவு மாறிவிட்டது. தற்போது பல போட்டியாளர்கள் களத்தில் உள்ளனர், மேலும் அவர்கள் பெரும்பாலும் மிகச் சிறந்த சேவைகளைச் சிறந்த கட்டணத்தில் வழங்குகின்றனர். இந்தியாவில் செயல்படும் வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் இவைதான். * [https://www.goindigo.in/ '''இன்டிகோ'''] – இந்தியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய வானூர்தி நிறுவனம். உள்நாட்டுச் சந்தையில் ஆதிக்கம் செலுத்தும் இது, நாடு முழுவதும் 88 நகரங்களை இணைக்கும் ஒரு குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி சேவையாகும். இது ஏர்பஸ் ''ஏ320'' மற்றும் ''ஏடிஆர்'' பிராந்திய ரக விமானங்களைக் கொண்ட நவீன விமானத் தொகுப்பைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. பல விமான நிறுவனங்களுடன் ''குறியீடு-பகிர்வு'' எனப்படும் கூட்டுச் சேவை ஒப்பந்தங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. * '''[https://www.airindia.com/ ஏர் இந்தியா]''' – இந்தியாவின் முதன்மை வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம். வரலாற்று ரீதியாக இது மோசமான நற்பெயரைக் கொண்டிருந்தாலும், தற்போது டாடா குழுமத்தால் புத்துயிர் அளிக்கப்பட்டு வருகிறது. இது நாடு முழுவதும் பரந்த வலையமைப்பைக் கொண்டுள்ளதோடு, சிறந்த பிராந்திய இணைப்பு வசதியையும் வழங்குகிறது. இது ''இசுடார் கூட்டணி'' அமைப்பின் உறுப்பினராக உள்ளது. * '''[https://www.airindiaexpress.in/ ஏர் இந்தியா எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்]''' – ஏர் இந்தியாவின் குறைந்த கட்டண துணை நிறுவனம். இது முக்கிய வழித்தடங்களிலும், வளைகுடா மற்றும் தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவில் உள்ள சர்வதேச இடங்களுக்கும் சேவைகளை வழங்குகிறது. * [https://www.spicejet.com/ '''ஸ்பைஸ்ஜெட்'''] – மற்றொரு குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம். இது சுமார் 34 உள்நாட்டு இடங்களுக்குச் சேவைகளை வழங்குகிறது. * '''[https://www.akasaair.com/ ஆகாசா ஏர்]''' – போயிங் 737 மேக்ஸ் ரக விமானங்களைக் கொண்டு 20 உள்நாட்டு இடங்களுக்குச் சேவைகளை வழங்கும் குறைந்த கட்டண வானூர்தி நிறுவனம். இந்திய விமானப் போக்குவரத்துத் துறையில் மிகத் துல்லியமான நேரக் கட்டுப்பாட்டுடன் இயங்கும் நிறுவனம் இதுவாகும். * '''[https://www.allianceair.in/ அலையன்ஸ் ஏர்]:''' இந்தியாவின் அரசுக்குச் சொந்தமான வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம். இது சிறிய ரக வானூர்திகளைப் பயன்படுத்தி, அதிகம் அறியப்படாத இடங்களுக்குச் சேவைகளை வழங்குகிறது. * '''[http://www.starair.in/ இசுடார் ஏர்]''' – பெங்களூரைத் தலைமையிடமாகக் கொண்ட குறைந்த கட்டண பிராந்திய வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம்; இது சிறிய எம்பிரேயர் ஜெட் வானூர்திகளைக் கொண்டு பெரும்பாலும் தென்னிந்தியா மற்றும் மேற்கு இந்தியப் பகுதிகளில் உள்ள இடங்களுக்குச் சேவைகளை வழங்குகிறது. * '''[https://fly91.in/ பிளை91]''' – கோவாவைத் தலைமையிடமாகக் கொண்ட குறைந்த கட்டண பிராந்திய வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம். இது ஏடிஆர்-72 ரக வானூர்திகளைக் கொண்டு 8 இடங்களுக்குச் சேவைகளை வழங்குவதோடு, பல்வேறு நகரங்களையும் இணைக்கிறது. * '''[https://www.indiaoneair.com/ இந்தியா ஒன் ஏர்]''' – சிறிய நகரங்களை பெருநகரங்களுடன் இணைப்பதை நோக்கமாகக் கொண்ட ஒரு பிராந்திய வானூர்தி சேவை நிறுவனம். ஒற்றை-இயந்திரம் கொண்ட வானூர்தியை இயக்கும் இந்தியாவின் முதல் திட்டமிடப்பட்ட விமான சேவை நிறுவனம் இதுவாகும். ====கட்டணங்கள்==== பெரும்பாலான இடங்களுக்குப் பல வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் சேவையை வழங்குவதால், பயணக் கட்டணங்கள் ஒப்பீட்டளவில் குறைவாகவும் நிலையானதாகவும் உள்ளன. இருப்பினும், வாரத்தின் வெவ்வேறு நாட்களில் சில முறை கட்டணங்களைச் சரிபார்ப்பது நல்லது. ₹500-க்கு வானூர்தி பயணச்சீட்டுகள் கிடைப்பதாக நீங்கள் கேள்விப்பட்டிருக்கலாம். ஆனால் அவை குறிப்பிட்ட எண்ணிக்கையிலான இருக்கைகளுக்கான சிறப்புச் சலுகை கட்டணங்கள் மட்டுமே, அவை சில நொடிகளிலேயே விற்றுத் தீர்ந்துவிடும். சில சமயங்களில், விளம்பரப்படுத்தப்படும் கட்டணத்தில் பயணிகள் சேவைக்கான கட்டணம், எரிபொருள் கூடுதல் கட்டணம் மற்றும் வரிகள் போன்றவை சேர்க்கப்படாமல் இருக்கலாம். இவை பின்னர் கூடுதலாகச் சேர்க்கப்படும். இருப்பினும், குறைந்த கட்டணத்தில் சேவை வழங்கும் விமான நிறுவனங்களிடமிருந்து நல்ல கட்டணத்தில் பயணச்சீட்டுகளைப் பெற முடியும். மேலே குறிப்பிடப்பட்ட குறைவான சேவைத் தொடர்புகள் காரணமாக, பெரிய நகரங்களுக்கான பயணக் கட்டணத்தை விடச் சிறிய நகரங்களுக்கான கட்டணம் அதிகமாக இருக்கும். அமெரிக்கா மற்றும் ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகளில் காணப்படுவது போன்ற மிகவும் சிக்கலான கட்டண முறைகள் இந்தியாவில் இன்னும் முழுமையாக நடைமுறைக்கு வரவில்லை என்றாலும், அத்தகைய முறையை நோக்கியே இங்கேயும் மாற்றங்கள் நிகழ்ந்து வருகின்றன. வார இறுதி நாட்களில் அதிக கட்டணம், இருவழிப் பயணங்களுக்குக் குறைந்த கட்டணம் அல்லது வார இறுதி நாட்களை ஒட்டிய ''சுற்றுப்பயணங்களுக்கு''க் குறைந்த கட்டணம் போன்ற விஷயங்களைப் பற்றி நீங்கள் கவலைப்படத் தேவையில்லை. ==== வருகைப் பதிவு ==== இந்திய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் வருகைப் பதிவு செயல்முறை பெரும்பாலும் மெதுவாகவே இருக்கும். இதில் நீண்ட வரிசைகள் மற்றும் பல கட்ட பாதுகாப்பு சோதனைகள் அடங்கும். உங்கள் பயணத்தை எளிதாக்க சில குறிப்புகள்: * முக்கிய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களிலிருந்து பயணம் செய்கிறீர்கள் என்றால், '''விமானம் புறப்படுவதற்கு குறைந்தது இரண்டு முதல் மூன்று மணி நேரத்திற்கு முன்னதாகவே''' அங்கு வந்து சேரவும். சிறிய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களிலிருந்து உள்நாட்டு வானூர்திகளில் பயணிப்பதாக இருந்தால், 60 அல்லது 90 நிமிடங்களுக்கு முன்னதாக வருவது போதுமானது. வானூர்தி புறப்படும் நேரத்திற்கு 45 நிமிடங்களுக்கு முன்னதாகவே வருகைப் பதிவு முடிந்துவிடும். அதேபோல், வானூர்தியில் ஏறும் வாயில் 25 நிமிடங்களுக்கு முன்னதாகவே மூடப்படும். வானூர்தி புறப்படுவதில் ஏற்படும் தாமதத்தைத் தவிர்க்க, இந்த விதிமுறைகள் இப்போது பரவலாகவும் கடுமையாகவும் அமல்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன. * முன்பெல்லாம் பயணிகள் தங்கள் வானூர்திப் பயணத்திற்குச் சில மணிநேரங்களுக்கு முன்னதாக மட்டுமே வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்குள் நுழைய அனுமதிக்கப்பட்டனர். ஆனால் இப்போது இந்த விதிமுறை தளர்த்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. எனவே, அதிகாலையில் வானூர்திப் பயணம் இருந்தால், நீங்கள் வானூர்தி நிலையத்திலேயே இரவு முழுவதும் தங்கலாம். * '''உங்கள் பயணச்சீட்டின் அச்சுப்பிரதி அல்லது மென்நகலை''' மற்றும் '''அரசு வழங்கிய அடையாள அட்டையை''' (உள்நாட்டு வானூர்திகளுக்கு இது பயன்படும், சர்வதேச வானூர்திகளுக்கு இது கட்டாயம் - ''டிஜி யாத்திரா'' பயன்படுத்தினால் இது தேவையில்லை) உடன் எடுத்து வரவும். இல்லையெனில், நீங்கள் வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்குள் நுழைய அனுமதிக்கப்படமாட்டீர்கள். வானூர்தி நிலைய நுழைவு வாயிலில் உள்ள பாதுகாப்புப் பணியாளர்கள் இவற்றை கட்டாயமாகச் சரிபார்த்து உறுதிப்படுத்துவார்கள். உங்களிடம் அச்சுப்பிரதியோ அல்லது மென்நகலோ இல்லையென்றால், நுழைவு வாயிலுக்கு வெளியே உள்ள வானூர்தி நிறுவன அலுவலகங்களில் நகலைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம். சில வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் இந்தச் சேவைக்குக் கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கத் தொடங்கியுள்ளன. * சில வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் '''டிஜி யாத்திரா''' வசதி உள்ளது (குறிப்பிட்ட இடங்களிலிருந்து புறப்படும் உள்நாட்டு வானூர்திகளுக்கு மட்டுமே இது கிடைக்கும்). இது வருகைப் பதிவு, பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனை மற்றும் வானூர்தியில் ஏறும் வாயில் போன்ற பல்வேறு இடங்களில், காகித வடிவிலான ஆவணங்கள் இல்லாமலேயே பயணிகளின் அடையாளத்தைச் சரிபார்க்க உதவுகிறது. டிஜி யாத்திரா செயலி மூலம் பதிவு செய்த பயணிகளுக்காக, வானூர்தி நிலைய நுழைவு, வருகைப் பதிவு மற்றும் பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனை ஆகிய இடங்களில் தனி வரிசைகள் 24 வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில் அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. டிஜி யாத்திராவில் பதிவு செய்ய உங்களுக்கு ''ஆதார் அட்டை'' தேவைப்படும். * பெரும்பாலான பழைய வானூர்தி நிலையங்களிலும், பெருநகரங்களுக்கு வெளியே உள்ள பல வானூர்தி நிலையங்களிலும், வருகைப் பதிவுக்கு முன்பாகவே (பொதுவாக நுழைவாயிலுக்கு அருகிலுள்ள ஒரு இடத்தில்) உங்கள் பயணப் பைகளை பரிசோதனைக்கு உட்படுத்த வேண்டும். சம்மு, சிறிநகர் அல்லது வடகிழக்கு மாநிலங்களில் உள்ள அதிக பாதுகாப்புள்ள வானூர்தி நிலையங்களில், வானூர்திக்குள் எடுத்துச் செல்லும் கைப்பைக்கும் கூட பரிசோதனை கட்டாயமாகும். அனைத்துக் கைப்பைகளும் ஊடுகதிர் ஸ்கேனர் மூலம் பரிசோதிக்கப்படும். அத்துடன் பாதுகாப்புப் பணியாளர்களின் விருப்பத்தின் பேரில், அவை நேரிடையாகவும் சோதிக்கப்படலாம். * '''வானூர்தி நிலையத்தின் வருகைப் பதிவுப் பகுதிக்குள் நுழைந்த பிறகு, உங்கள் வானூர்தி தாமதமானாலோ அல்லது ரத்து செய்யப்பட்டாலோ ஒழிய, நீங்கள் மீண்டும் வெளியேற முடியாது.''' எனவே, வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்குள் நுழைவதற்கு முன்பே உங்கள் அனைத்து வேலைகளையும் முடித்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள். மேலும், பாதுகாப்பான பயணத்திற்காக வானூர்தி புறப்படுவதற்கு பல மணிநேரங்களுக்கு முன்பே நீங்கள் அங்கு சென்றால், உள்ளே நேரத்தை எவ்வாறு பயனுள்ளதாகக் கழிப்பது என்பதை முன்கூட்டியே திட்டமிட்டுக்கொள்ளுங்கள். * '''உங்களுடன் எடுத்துச் செல்லும் ஒவ்வொரு கைப்பைக்கும் ஒரு பயணப்பைச் சிட்டை பெற்று, அதை அதில் இணைத்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள்.''' பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனைச் சாவடியில் உள்ள பணியாளர்கள் உங்கள் நுழைவுச் சீட்டு மற்றும் உங்கள் கைப்பைகளின் பயணப்பைச் சிட்டைகள் ஆகியவற்றில் முத்திரையிடுவார்கள். உங்கள் நுழைவுச் சீட்டை ஊடுகதிர் பெல்ட்டில் வைக்காதீர்கள். உலோக உணர்வி வழியாகச் செல்லும்போது அதை உங்களுடனேயே எடுத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனைப் பகுதியை விட்டு வெளியேறும் முன், இந்த முத்திரைகள் அனைத்தும் சரியாகப் பெறப்பட்டிருப்பதை உறுதிசெய்துகொள்ளுங்கள். முத்திரையிடப்பட்ட நுழைவுச் சீட்டு இல்லையென்றால், நீங்கள் வானூர்தியில் ஏற அனுமதிக்கப்படமாட்டீர்கள். அதேபோல், முத்திரையிடப்பட்ட பயணப்பைச் சிட்டை இணைக்கப்படாத பொருட்களை வானூர்திக்க்குள் எடுத்துச் செல்லவும் அனுமதிக்கப்படமாட்டாது. ஏதேனும் சந்தேகம் இருந்தால், தயங்காமல் மற்றவர்களிடம் கேளுங்கள். வானூர்தி நிலையப் பணியாளர்கள் பொதுவாகப் பயணிகளுக்கு மிகவும் உதவியாக இருப்பார்கள். அவர்களுக்குப் பொதுவாக ஆங்கிலம் புரியும். நீங்கள் உங்கள் வானூர்தியைத் தவறவிடாமல் இருப்பதை உறுதிசெய்ய அவர்கள் முழு முயற்சி எடுப்பார்கள். குறைவான உடைமைகளுடன் (அதாவது வருகைப் பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டிய பெரிய பைகள் இல்லாமல்) பயணிப்பவர்களுக்கெனத் தனி வரிசைகள் உள்ளன. இந்த வரிசைகளில் பொதுவாகக் கூட்டம் குறைவாகவே இருக்கும். வானூர்திக்குள் எடுத்துச் செல்ல அனுமதிக்கப்படும் உடைமைகள் குறித்த விதிமுறைகள் ஒவ்வொரு வானூர்தி நிறுவனத்திற்கும் மாறுபடும். எனவே, முன்னெச்சரிக்கை நடவடிக்கையாக உங்கள் வானூர்தி நிறுவனத்தின் இணையதளத்தில் இதுகுறித்த விவரங்களைச் சரிபாருங்கள். குறிப்பாகக் குறைந்த கட்டண விமான சேவையைப் பயன்படுத்தும்போது இதைச் செய்வது அவசியம். பொதுவாக, பெரும்பாலான வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்களில் 15 கிலோ வரையிலான உடைமைகளை இலவசமாகக் கொண்டு செல்ல அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறது. மிகவும் அரிதான சூழலில் ஏதேனும் வானூர்தி விபத்து ஏற்பட்டால், உதவிக்கு {{Wy/ta/Phone|1011}} என்ற எண் கொண்ட உதவி மையம் அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. === தொடருந்தில் === {{Wy/ta/Main|Wy/ta/இந்தியாவில் தொடருந்துப் பயணம்}} [[File:Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_(Victoria_Terminus).jpg|thumb|1878 முதல் 1887 வரையிலான காலகட்டத்தில் பம்பாயில் (தற்போது மும்பை) ''விக்டோரியா டெர்மினஸ்'' என்ற பெயரில் கட்டப்பட்ட [[Wy/ta/சத்திரபதி சிவாசி தொடருந்து நிலையம்|சத்திரபதி சிவாசி தொடருந்து நிலையம்]], ஆங்கிலோ-இந்தியக் கட்டிடக்கலைக்கு ஒரு குறிப்பிடத்தக்க எடுத்துக்காட்டாகும்.]] இந்தியா உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய தொடருந்து வலைப்பின்னல்களில் ஒன்றைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. தொடருந்து சேவை மிகவும் திறமையானது என்றாலும், தொடருந்துகள் பெரும்பாலும் சரியான நேரத்தில் வருவதில்லை. இந்திய தொடருந்தில் பயணம் செய்வது இந்தியாவின் நிலப்பரப்பையும் அழகையும் கண்டறியும் வாய்ப்பை அளிப்பதோடு, உள்நாட்டு வானூர்திப் பயணத்தை விட இது பொதுவாகக் குறைந்த செலவுடையதாகவும் உள்ளது. ஆடம்பரமான வசதிகள் முதல் சாதாரண வசதிகள் வரை பல்வேறு வகுப்புகள் இருப்பதால், நாட்டையும் அதன் மக்களையும் அறிந்துகொள்ள இதுவே சிறந்த வழியாகும். தொடருந்தில் பயணிக்கும் பெரும்பாலான பயணிகள் உங்கள் மீது ஆர்வம் காட்டுவதோடு, உங்களுடன் உரையாடி நேரத்தைச் செலவிடுவதில் மகிழ்ச்சியும் கொள்வார்கள். இரவு நேர துயிலுறை வசதி வகுப்பு கொண்ட தொடருந்தில் பயணிப்பது ஓட்டல் செலவை மிச்சப்படுத்தினாலும், சில வழித்தடங்களில் கூட்டம் அதிகமாக இருப்பதால் உங்கள் தூக்கம் அவ்வளவு வசதியாக இல்லாமல் போகலாம். அரிதாக நிகழக்கூடிய தொடருந்து விபத்து ஒன்றில் நீங்கள் சிக்கும் சூழல் ஏற்பட்டால், உதவிக்கான தொலைபேசி எண் {{Wy/ta/Phone|1011}} ஆகும். இந்தியாவில் தொடருந்துப் பயணம் பொதுவாகப் பாதுகாப்பானது என்றாலும், விபத்துகள் நிகழக்கூடும். கடந்த காலங்களில் இத்தகைய விபத்துகளால் உயிரிழப்புகளும் கடுமையான காயங்களும் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளன. உங்களுக்கு உதவி தேவைப்பட்டால், தொடருந்துகளிலும் தொடருந்து நிலையங்களிலும் காவல்துறையினரோ அல்லது பாதுகாவலர்களோ இருப்பார்கள் (அவர்கள் தொடருந்து பாதுகாப்புப் படையைச் (ஆர்பிஎஃப்) சேர்ந்தவர்கள் என்பதைத் தெளிவாக அடையாளம் காண முடியும்). ==== பயணிகள் தொடருந்துகள் ==== '''உள்ளூர் தொடருந்துகள்''' என்பவை ''இந்திய ரயில்வே''யால் இயக்கப்படும் பயணிகள் தொடருந்துகள் ஆகும். இவை முக்கிய நகரங்களைச் சுற்றியுள்ள ஊர்கள் மற்றும் புறநகர்ப் பகுதிகளை இணைக்கின்றன. தொடருந்து நிலையங்களின் நடைமேடைகளைப் போலவே, இந்த தொடருந்துகளும் பெரும்பாலும் அதிக நெரிசலுடன் காணப்படும். உள்ளூர் தொடருந்துகளில் பயணம் செய்யும்போது, ​​நிலையங்களிலும் தொடருந்துகளிலும் ஜேப்படி திருடர்கள் இருக்கக்கூடும் என்பதால் உங்கள் சுற்றுப்புறம் குறித்து விழிப்புடன் இருக்கவும். இருப்பினும், இந்த தொடருந்துகளைச் சுற்றி ஒரு தனித்துவமான பண்பாடு நிலவுகிறது. பெரும்பாலான முக்கிய நகரங்களில் ''பெருநகர்த் தொடரி'' மற்றும் ''இலகுத் தொடரி'' சேவைகள் உள்ளன. இவை பாதுகாப்பானவை மற்றும் முறையான காவல் கண்காணிப்புக்கு உட்பட்டவை. தொடருந்துகள் மற்றும் நிலையங்களில் மறைகாணிகள் பொருத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன, மேலும் நன்கு பயிற்சி பெற்ற பணியாளர்கள் பணியில் உள்ளனர். இவற்றின் தரம் மேற்கத்திய நாடுகளுக்கு இணையானதாக உள்ளது. இருப்பினும், குறிப்பாக மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் மிகுந்த நேரங்களில் கூட்ட நெரிசல் ஏற்பட வாய்ப்புள்ளது. உள்ளே செல்வதற்கு முன், நீங்கள் ஒரு விரைவான பாதுகாப்புச் சோதனையை மேற்கொள்ள வேண்டியிருக்கலாம். பெண் பயணிகளுக்காக உள்ளூர் தொடருந்துகளில் பெண்களுக்கு மட்டுமான பெட்டிகள் உள்ளன (அவை எங்குள்ளன என்பதைச் சரிபார்க்கவும். தொடருந்தின் ஜன்னல்களில் அதற்கான குறியீடுகள் இருக்கும்). ==== வழக்கமான தொடருந்துகள் ==== [[File:Chennai train station.jpg|thumb|புரட்சித் தலைவர் டாக்டர் எம்.ஜி.ஆர். சென்னை மத்தியத் தொடருந்து நிலையம், [[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]]]] ==== பயணச்சீட்டு முன்பதிவு ==== ==== உணவு ==== === வாடகை மகிழுந்தில் === === பேருந்தில் === === மகிழுந்தில் === ==== வாடகை மகிழுந்தை தானே செலுத்துதல் ==== ==== ஓட்டுநருடன் கூடிய வாடகை மகிழுந்து ==== === விசையுந்தில் === === பெருவிரல் செய்கையால் ==== === இழுவண்டியில் === === படகில் === == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக் கொள்ளுங்கள் == == பணியாற்றுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆசிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q668}} {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தெற்கு ஆசியா}} j1ocfrysputob2lwtidhnh21bwm4nor 3 2312703 7386216 3223516 2026-11-09T13:09:44Z Cabayi 533060 Cabayi moved page [[User talk:Efinneran]] to [[User talk:9lf9]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Efinneran|Efinneran]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/9lf9|9lf9]]" 3223516 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand it! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and [[translatewiki:Special:FirstSteps|follow the instructions]]. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 19:22, 20 July 2015 (UTC) 0afu0oro4at30p1t33cfo6zmzylj5df 3 2366398 7386776 5609039 2026-11-10T11:58:53Z Alhadis 2082683 Blanked user talk page. 7386776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|Apart from the machine-generated welcome message, there's nothing worth reading here. [[User:Alhadis|Alhadis]] ([[User talk:Alhadis|talk]]) 11:58, 10 November 2026 (UTC)}} 49105f1l7x1qsayr0l03zrl1p29c9ap 0 2645506 7386661 7383697 2026-11-10T07:42:04Z Absudar 2108561 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/7383697|7383697]] by [[Special:Contributions/Ironzombie39|Ironzombie39]] ([[User talk:Ironzombie39|talk]]) Please see C145 7386661 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ|Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ]] hr9gy8b0uxon4ky9c8p3g2o7fgjljfs 0 2946936 7386731 7384650 2026-11-10T09:18:33Z Revibot 1236611 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲃ]] to [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ]] 7386731 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ]] tuhdif1j2ara7r0k8dbepaivt0oeyki 4 2969803 7386436 7376111 2026-11-10T01:41:19Z Prosfilaes 23895 /* Wt/grc */ 7386436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Shortcut|[[I:RFD]]|archivelink=Incubator:Requests for deletions/Archive}} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ This page is for nominating '''test wikis''' for deletion, or for nominating '''pages related to the maintenance of the Incubator''' for deletion. Requests for '''un'''deletion can also be made here. To request the deletion of '''individual pages in a specific test wiki''', please use the relevant talk pages where the editors of the test wiki are most active (such as the talk page of the test wiki's Main Page). Pages that should be speedily deleted should be tagged with {{tl|delete}} '''with a proper reason'''. It is typically not necessary to request that pages in a test wiki be deleted after the project has been given its own subdomain (e.g., <code>aa.wikipedia.org</code>), since such deletions are part of the normal workflow when creating new wikis. Eventually all pages in the test wiki will be deleted, leaving behind only the [[Incubator:Policy/Test wiki info page|info page]]. For the deletion policy, see [[Incubator:Deletion policy]]. {{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 1 | archive = 'Incubator:Requests for deletions/Archive/((year)) | show = yes }} == [[Wt/grc]] == As suggested by the [[m:Requests for new languages/Wiktionary Ancient Greek|rejected request]], and even agreed by a "keeper" of [[#Wp/grc]] above, there's blatantly no reason for having a Wiktionary in Historical language such as in Ancient Greek. For writting definitions of Ancient Greek words, the existing Wiktionaries e.g. [[wikt:el:|Greek Wiktionary]] are already hard on doing so. I would hence prefer to merge these contents into el.wiktionary. --[[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 08:25, 12 July 2025 (UTC) :Just to be clear, I did not say that "there's blatantly no reason for having a Wiktionary in an historical language such as Ancient Greek". I don't agree on that point! What I've actually said is that I don't see reasons to preserve this draft of a Wiktionary, because the lemmas are too few and, above all, almost exclusively (80%?) written in Modern Greek. Probably, it is a draft by someone who wanted to translate them in Classical Greek but never had the time to do so. Since this Wiktionary is also inactive, and since there is no probability at all that this person will ever continue what he barely started, I don't find particular reasons to keep this very rough draft of a project alive. If someone wanted to restart an Ancient Greek Wiktionary, he could start it anew: having this draft or not would make very little difference! :On the other hand, having a real Ancient Greek Wiktionary would be useful: who could say that monolingual dictionaries are of no use for students of foreign languages? Nobody could say that! Therefore, a functional Ancient Greek Wiktionary would be very useful for the ca. 1 million students of Ancient Greek around the globe. Unfortunately, no scholar is currently willing to write such a monolingual dictionary for free. [[User:Anaxicrates|Anaxicrates]] ([[User talk:Anaxicrates|talk]]) 13:16, 18 July 2025 (UTC) {{Oppose}}. It's a good historical record. Others may be interested in it later.[[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] ([[User talk:Andrijko Z.|talk]]) 01:06, 25 August 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] A good historical record? At least one former active user [[m:Special:Contributions/Leonardo José Raimundo|Leonardo José Raimundo]] is nowadays [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Leonardo José Raimundo|global banned]]. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 01:17, 25 August 2025 (UTC) ::For me it's not an argument. The project may be cleaned if necessary, but not deleted. [[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] ([[User talk:Andrijko Z.|talk]]) 01:57, 25 August 2025 (UTC) *'''Delete''', {{ping|Andrijko Z.}} Are you really sure that you can speak such a historical language instead of a living language? From your record of contributions, I really really and really can't see anything as "good", all of your historical records are only promoting your bad properties instead of "good"s. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-19854-51|&#126;2026-19854-51]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-19854-51|talk]]) 06:23, 31 March 2026 (UTC) *:Please stick back to constructive arguments. @[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-Warburg]] please pay attention to the tone of this user. Thank you! [[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] ([[User talk:Andrijko Z.|talk]]) 23:10, 31 March 2026 (UTC) *::@[[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] You don't really need to ping MF-W or other administrators, since the user who made bad tone is just you, not me. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20750-41|&#126;2026-20750-41]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-20750-41|talk]]) 14:10, 4 April 2026 (UTC) *'''Delete''' Only Wikisource allows such ancient languages, and for testing Wikisource, [[s:mul:|here, the correct place]]. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-37662-04|&#126;2026-37662-04]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-37662-04|talk]]) 10:59, 1 July 2026 (UTC) *'''Comment''' I'm not enough into the internal policies of the Incubator to !vote on this, but I do think the idea of a Wiktionary in an ancient language has a place, that unlike a Wikipedia in an ancient language, it's actually a tool that students can use to look up Ancient Greek words and translations and stay in language, and where students of Ancient Greek whose native language Wiktionaries don't support Ancient Greek well could find help.--[[User:Prosfilaes|Prosfilaes]] ([[User talk:Prosfilaes|talk]]) 01:41, 10 November 2026 (UTC) == [[Wp/atv]] == See [[Incubator:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Wp/atv_existence]]. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 21:19, 14 November 2025 (UTC) == Multiple projects == ;[[Wy/wal]], [[Wy/zu]], [[Wy/mg]], [[Wy/aa]], [[Wy/zyj]], [[Wy/udm]], [[Wy/wym]], [[Wy/jbo]] These projects only have one page, usually the main page, and have never been active since creation. They should be deleted. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 02:25, 8 January 2026 (UTC) ; [[Wq/so]], [[Wq/blk]], [[Wq/dtp]], [[Wq/aa]], [[Wq/zgh]], [[Wq/tcy]], [[Wq/se]], [[Wq/ary]] Again, These projects only have one page, usually the main page, and have never been active since creation. They should be deleted. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 02:30, 8 January 2026 (UTC) ; [[Wb/ab]], [[Wb/ain]], [[Wb/bhi]], [[Wb/bug]], [[Wb/mos]], [[Wb/rw]], [[Wb/sn]], [[Wb/tum]], [[Wb/ddo]], [[Wb/lki]], [[Wb/wal]] Again, These projects only have one page, usually the main page, and have never been active since creation. They should be deleted. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 02:35, 8 January 2026 (UTC) ; [[wn/ace]], [[wn/ain]], [[wn/am]], [[wn/gl]], [[wn/ady]], [[wn/ceb]] Again, These projects only have one page, usually the main page, and have never been active since creation. They should be deleted. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 02:40, 8 January 2026 (UTC) ; [[Wp/mki]], [[Wp/beu]], [[Wp/com]], [[Wp/lrl]], [[Wp/mhp]], [[Wp/bgx]], [[Wp/enx]] Again, These projects only have one page, usually the main page, and have never been active since creation. They should be deleted. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 02:46, 8 January 2026 (UTC) :For what?... [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 18:38, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::For being inactive, not having any content (or very few) and just taking up space. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 23:16, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :::"Placeholder" projects have always existed on Incubator and are not a problem by themselves. Info pages with "tocreate" status (like Wp/com) also should not be deleted. If a Main Page properly written in the languages invites people to contribute, there is no problem. If there are additional problems, like the sole Main Page is not actually written in the language itself, or the language is dead/invalid, please elaborate. For example, I did just deleted Wb/tum because its Main Page was very broken with a lot of missing templates. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 00:11, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::::There is really no problem aside from that it has no content, so if you say that they are just placeholder than they should be fine. Thanks for telling me. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 00:35, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::::But also, these projects have never been active since creation. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 00:36, 12 February 2026 (UTC) *'''Delete''' Placeholder-only "projects" are nonsense of nonsense, gibberish of gibberish, trolls of trolls, and especially, damn of damn. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-19854-51|&#126;2026-19854-51]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-19854-51|talk]]) 06:24, 31 March 2026 (UTC) :Also Wb/ary Wy/acm Wt/acm [[User:Almajidy|<b style="background:#3e67b3;color:#FFF;border:4pxsolid #3e67b3;border-radius:25px;padding:3px 10px;font:20px 'Brush Script MT';">'''Almajidy'''</b>]]<b style="font-size:7px;">【Talk】</b> 08:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Wp/ase]] == Pains me to say this but this project is unlikely to ever go anywhere. It has had no activity since 2020 besides spam. Most Deaf folks in the US, for cultural reasons, use English, and the SignWriting community is not very large. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10410-48|&#126;2026-10410-48]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-10410-48|talk]]) 22:57, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :And is it just me or are there not even really characters to represent sign language? They don't show up for me at least. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-12914-86|&#126;2026-12914-86]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-12914-86|talk]]) 15:42, 27 February 2026 (UTC) ::There is a gadget you need to activate. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:31, 2 March 2026 (UTC) ::I do not support the request for deletion. This content is readable to fluent ASL users with knowledge of signwriting (speaking as one myself). the characters do represent signed langauge [[User:Kachow03|Kachow03]] ([[User talk:Kachow03|talk]]) 07:32, 17 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Yair rand|Yair rand]]: What's the technical status of this project? I thought it was just waiting for MediaWiki to [[phab:T11436|properly support vertical text]] or for VisualEditor to have better support for SignWriting? Have you had any contact with [[User:ValSutton|ValSutton]] lately about this project? [[User:Mxn|Minh <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Nguyễn</span>]]&nbsp;^{[[User talk:Mxn|<span style="display: inline-block;">&#x1f4ac;</span>]]} 21:13, 19 March 2026 (UTC) :This project has faltered in the past due to a lack of technical investment, but actually I think its potential has gone way up since 2020. If AI works for speech recognition in audio, it's likely to work decently for sign recognition in video as well; this would be an easy way to bypass SignWriting's traditional problem of having to learn a whole new writing system. [[User:Pharos|Pharos]] ([[User talk:Pharos|talk]]) 19:54, 23 March 2026 (UTC) ::There are indeed visual models of producing sign language video generation and recognition <ref>[https://signllm.github.io/ SignLLM: Sign Languages Production Large Language Models]</ref>. However there are {{Comment|no known study currently on converting to and from SignWriting.}} [[User:TNTErick|TNTErick]] ([[User talk:TNTErick|talk]]) 03:25, 8 October 2026 (UTC) :::The statement that there are '''"no known studies"''' on converting to and from SignWriting is simply incorrect. There is a substantial body of published research and open-source development addressing these problems. :::For example, see [[github:sign-language-processing|Sign Language Processing]], including projects for video-to-SignWriting transcription and SignWriting-to-animation, and [https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-eacl.127/ Jiang et al. (2023)], which explores machine translation between spoken languages and signed languages represented in SignWriting. These are just a few examples. :::There are certainly technical challenges remaining, but that is very different from claiming no research exists. :::More importantly, automated conversion between video and SignWriting is not a prerequisite for an ASL Wikipedia. SignWriting is already a functional writing system. The more relevant questions are how we improve technical support and encourage community participation. -[[User:Slevinski|Slevinski]] ([[User talk:Slevinski|talk]]) 18:55, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{oppose}} this is maybe the only incubator in a sign language, providing a proof of concept for testing technical investment in this area. This is an important language to have here and will be a reference for future sign languages in wikimedia. [[User:Arcstur|Arcstur]] ([[User talk:Arcstur|talk]]) 18:27, 11 July 2026 (UTC) :If there is no established practice among Deaf users of using SignWriting as a means of writing and consuming content - rather than simply as a transcription of "live" signs - I don't see any realistic possibility of this project moving forward. I don't think it's reasonable for Wikimedia to try to impose the use of a script which the external community surrounding a language has not accepted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|talk]]) 23:17, 14 August 2026 (UTC) ::The concern about whether enough ASL users currently read and write SignWriting to sustain an encyclopedia is reasonable. SignWriting has not yet achieved widespread adoption in the American Deaf community, but that doesn't mean it is only useful for transcribing live signing. ::In Brazil, SignWriting is used for reading, writing, and education in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), from elementary education through university-level study. For example, [https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/100775 research at the Federal University of Santa Catarina] examines reading comprehension and original text production in SignWriting by Deaf students and university students. There is even [https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/206070 academic research examining textual cohesion in SignWriting literature]. ::While Libras and ASL are different languages, the Brazilian experience demonstrates that SignWriting can serve as a practical writing system, not merely a transcription method. ::Most importantly, nobody is imposing SignWriting on anyone. Participation in an ASL Wikipedia is entirely voluntary. The Incubator provides an opportunity for those interested in reading and writing ASL to develop content collaboratively. ::The question is whether we can support and encourage that community, not whether SignWriting has already achieved widespread adoption. -[[User:Slevinski|Slevinski]] ([[User talk:Slevinski|talk]]) 19:10, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} what even is the point? ASl is visual. Reading is also visual, and way simpler than trying to figure out what a SignWriting symbol means. [[User:Arenghtqru888|Arenghtqru888]] ([[User talk:Arenghtqru888|talk]]) 19:24, 7 October 2026 (UTC) ::The point is to have a written form of ASL that can be used in a collaborative wiki environment. ASL and English are different languages, and reading English is not the same as reading ASL. ::SignWriting makes it possible to write, read, and edit ASL as text. This has practical advantages over video in a wiki environment. If you want to correct a single sign in an article, you can edit the text rather than record and replace a video. Written content also allows people to contribute without recording themselves on camera, which is an important privacy consideration. ::Video is valuable for sign language communication, but it serves a different purpose. SignWriting is not intended to replace video, any more than writing replaces speech. ::Learning to read SignWriting does require some effort, just as learning any writing system does. But the fact that someone is unfamiliar with a writing system does not make that writing system pointless. ::The question should be how we can support an ASL Wikipedia, not whether ASL deserves a written presence in Wikimedia. -[[User:Slevinski|Slevinski]] ([[User talk:Slevinski|talk]]) 19:01, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :::Understands. [[User:Arenghtqru888|Arenghtqru888]] ([[User talk:Arenghtqru888|talk]]) 19:04, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{oppose}} '''Strong oppose.''' This deletion request appears to contradict [[Incubator:Policy#Common reasons for test deletion|Incubator policy]], which explicitly states: :"You may only propose a deletion of a test language that does not have a proposal on Meta or is rejected by the Langcom." :The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_American_Sign_Language_2 American Sign Language Wikipedia proposal] exists on Meta and was verified as eligible by the Language Committee on November 29, 2008. The committee specifically acknowledged the technical challenges of SignWriting and determined that they did not affect the project's eligibility. :Furthermore, work is underway to address these technical challenges. A new [https://github.com/bidaian/SignWritingMediaWiki SignWriting MediaWiki extension] is in development, with support being developed for rendering and editing SignWriting, including VisualEditor integration. Although still in an early stage, this is concrete progress toward improving the technical infrastructure needed by the project. :Limited activity and technical difficulties are challenges to overcome, not sufficient reasons to abandon an eligible language project. The purpose of Incubator is to provide a place for language projects to develop before they are ready for independent Wikipedias. :I strongly oppose deletion and encourage closing this nomination in favor of supporting the project's continued development. -[[User:Slevinski|Slevinski]] ([[User talk:Slevinski|talk]]) 19:19, 20 October 2026 (UTC) ---- {{Not done}} Invalid proposal as explained by Slevinski. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 21:57, 25 October 2026 (UTC) == Wikinews test projects == As of March 30, 2026, [[meta:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Wikinews has been shut down]]. Therefore, none of the Wikinews test projects on the Incubator will ever go anywhere. They should therefore either be deleted or the content should be archived elsewhere. [[User:DraconicDark|DraconicDark]] ([[User talk:DraconicDark|talk]]) 17:17, 31 March 2026 (UTC) :Please note that existing Wikinews tests are now [technically] in read only mode (or restricted to administrators), and creating new tests is also restricted. 🪶-[[User:Tanbiruzzaman|<span style="font-family:monospace;color:#006400;letter-spacing:1px;">TΛNBIRUZZΛMΛN</span>]] ([[User talk:Tanbiruzzaman|💬]]) 20:13, 1 April 2026 (UTC) :I'd suggest to announce this question via top of these test projects' portal pages e.g. [[Wn/cdo]] via that tag. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20743-13|&#126;2026-20743-13]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-20743-13|talk]]) 07:51, 4 April 2026 (UTC) ::Done, there’ll now be a notice on every Wikinews tests info page. 🪶-[[User:Tanbiruzzaman|<span style="font-family:monospace;color:#006400;letter-spacing:1px;">TΛNBIRUZZΛMΛN</span>]] ([[User talk:Tanbiruzzaman|💬]]) 09:37, 4 April 2026 (UTC) I am told that the Board considers making a decision about this and is in consultation about possible place to put this content, so let's wait for that. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 13:20, 7 April 2026 (UTC) :And, for the record, what to do with [[m:Requests_for_new_languages#Wikinews|RFL requests for Wikinewses]] (which many of them are marked eligible)? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-22152-29|&#126;2026-22152-29]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-22152-29|talk]]) 01:22, 10 April 2026 (UTC) ::If no users oppose, then I'd love to merge the above "Wn/kk, Wn/sah/ Wn/tt" section and another section below as L3 sections under this thread since we are discussing all Wikinews test projects here. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 01:46, 18 April 2026 (UTC) :Manually pinging @[[User:Nvdtn19|Nvdtn19]] for [[Wn/vi]] due to talk page semi-protected. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 00:32, 19 April 2026 (UTC) ::I have no further comments on [[Wn/vi]]. This project just needs to archive and read-only like other cases. [[User:Nvdtn19|Nvdtn19]] ([[User talk:Nvdtn19|{{int:talkpagelinktext}}]]) 05:39, 19 April 2026 (UTC) As one of the main contributors and maintainers of [[Wn/cdo]], I was caught completely off guard and deeply shocked by this news. Reading [[#Wn/ms|the statement below from the Wn/ms community]] truly resonated with me. Over the years, volunteer reporters for Wn/cdo have actively gathered and edited news, gone on field assignments, and connected with locals to take photos and write articles—covering everything from major international events to grassroots local news in [[:w:en:Fuzhou|Hokchew]], [[:w:en:Matsu_Islands|Matsu]] and Malaysia [[:w:en:Fuzhou people|Hokchew community]]. Wikireporters even volunteered for field assignments in other cities, such as Shanghai, to cover local exhibitions. We were dedicated to ensuring that the Wikinews in our mother tongue was not merely a translation of dominant, high-resource languages, but instead possessed its own unique character. Wn/cdo is a project that has grown alongside the personal capabilities of its editors and maintainers. It is profoundly regrettable to hear this news today. The editors of Wn/cdo are currently discussing where to go from here. [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 09:28, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :Hello Davidzdh, :I'm Victoria, the WMF Board of Trustees member responsible for the Wikinews -related discussions. I'm truly sorry that this news has come so unexpectedly. The wider Wikimedia Movement was discussing the possible future of the Wikinews projects for a while, and the consensus was that the existing projects did not leave up to the expectations while using the limited resources. But I understand that the bulk of discussions was happening in other places (mostly on Meta) and many people were not aware of them. :It’s clear from your message how much care, effort, and personal commitment has gone into building and sustaining Wn/cdo over the years. The work of your community is deeply meaningful. It’s especially difficult when something that has grown so organically and with such dedication faces an uncertain future. I can assure you that all you've done wouldn't be lost as it will be accessible in the read mode and can be copied. :I regret that this situation has come as a shock, and that it has affected contributors who have invested so much into the project.I understand that you and your fellow editors are now considering next steps. I sincerely hope that, whatever direction you choose, the strength and cohesion of your community will carry forward. [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] ([[User talk:Victoria|talk]]) 09:53, 21 April 2026 (UTC) :: Hi [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]], what is the most recent work on [[Wn/cdo/Wikinews:Main Page|wn:cdo]]? Just making sure nothing is lost. [[User:Sj|Sj]] ([[User talk:Sj|talk]]) 19:50, 21 April 2026 (UTC) :::Interesting, all the newsletters shown on their mainpage were created 8 years ago, so where are their recent news? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 06:26, 22 April 2026 (UTC) :::Hi @[[User:Sj|Sj]], all works from [[Wn/cdo]] are [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Wn/cdo/ here], in addition, their category pages, templates, and modules cannot be seen on the above summary page; they can be found at: :::* [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex?prefix=Wn%2Fcdo%2F&namespace=1 <code>Talk:Wn/cdo/xxx</code>] :::* [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Category:Wn/cdo/ <code>Category:Wn/cdo/xxx</code>] :::* [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex?prefix=template%3AWn%2Fcdo%2F&namespace=0 <code>template:Wn/cdo/xxx</code>] :::* [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex?prefix=module%3AWn%2Fcdo%2F&namespace=0 <code>module:Wn/cdo/xxx</code>] :::* [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex?prefix=Wn%2Fcdo&namespace=829 <code>module_talk:Wn/cdo/xxx</code>] :::I have provided a detailed summary of the page distribution and the community’s migration plan below [[#Wn/cdo]]. Thank you for your attention! [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 05:41, 25 April 2026 (UTC) :::To provide some additional context regarding the main page, which might confuse those unfamiliar with the project: :::Mindong has long had two mainstream writing systems: one using Chinese characters and the other using [[:en:Bàng-uâ-cê|Latin alphabets]]. For nearly thirty years in the online Mindong community, the debate over which script to use has been a controversial topic that has, to some extent, torn the community apart. Under the Mindong Wikipedia's village pump, Help namespace, and Wikipedia namespace, you will find extensive records of fierce arguments between both sides, as well as essays written by their respective supporters defending their stances. This controversy is not limited to Wikimedia projects; you can find even more of it in other Min language web forums and online chat rooms. :::Therefore, in order to resolve this dispute and unite the community—at least within Wikimedia projects—we want the project's official pages to feature both Chinese characters and Romanization side-by-side (合璧, hăk-bék), with one script on the left half and the other on the right. Moreover, the content on both sides is essentially identical; if read aloud, they produce exactly the same sound, only the written text differs. This imposes high demands on the content—they cannot be written independently of one another, but must be coordinated to ensure both sides say the exact same thing. :::Additionally, our view of the main page is that it serves as a showcase of the project volunteers' reporting and editing standards. Because of this, it is not simply the latest news that gets posted on the main page. Instead, we feature reports where volunteers actually did fieldwork, visited the sites, and took news photos to write lengthy, detailed articles. Furthermore, all articles featured on the main page are audio news reports, meaning an audio file read aloud by a human voice without any mispronunciations or verbal errors is attached alongside the transcript. Some even go a step further and are presented as full video news report programs that we have produced. :::Naturally, requiring both high-quality reporting and strict consistency between the Chinese character and Latin alphabet versions makes maintaining updates on the main page objectively difficult. Our intent for the main page is to give people an understanding of the editorial style and quality standards of this incubator project as much as possible, so we do not aggressively push for rapid updates there. However, this does not mean there are no newer news articles within the project. [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 06:29, 25 April 2026 (UTC) ::Hello Victoria, ::Thank you for your clarification. I appreciate the assurance that, the content "wouldn't be lost." I believe this is extremely important because it directly affects the volunteers' trust in Wikimedia. Many newsletters from Mindong Wikinews have been cited and linked on social media via their URLs. Regardless of the final outcome, keeping these URLs accessible means that the past efforts of the Mindong language community will have a chance to be remembered. [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 06:41, 25 April 2026 (UTC) :[[Wn/tr/Ekrem İmamoğlu 13. cumhurbaşkanı seçildi]] is a spam page [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-25348-62|&#126;2026-25348-62]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-25348-62|talk]]) 17:10, 25 April 2026 (UTC) ::+1, that should really fit the speedy deletion criteria. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:59, 12 May 2026 (UTC) === [[Wn/kk]], [[Wn/sah]], [[Wn/tt]] === These projects are already on Russian Wikinews [[Special:Contributions/151.135.197.56|151.135.197.56]] 13:47, 4 January 2025 (UTC) :Tend to '''support deletion''' of Wn/kk per the [[m:Requests for new languages/Wikinews Kazakh|rejected RFL]], which as only having little substubs before RFL rejection, there are merely no benefit for having a separate kk.wikinews. Eventually, it currently has '''[[Special:PrefixIndex/Wn/kk/|no pages]]'''. (Someone would say that there's [[m:Requests for new languages/Wikinews Kazakh 2|second open RFL]], but its creator Bauka0625 didn't create anything except their own user page here) :The later two were discussed [[Incubator:Requests_for_deletions/Archive/3#Wikinews_projects_in_languages_of_the_Russian_Federation|in 2019]] which result no consensus, of which Tatar Wikinews has its [[m:Requests for new languages/Wikinews Tatar|RFL verified as eligible]], I'm not sure whether there's really benefit for second trial of RFD em. --[[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 00:35, 5 January 2025 (UTC) : {{Support}} I support the deletion of the projects as per the request. Besides that, these projects have never been active in the incubator since their creation.--[[User:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ]] ([[User talk:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|talk]]) 08:15, 5 January 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ]] The last Tatar one may be a sensitive question as, again, its RFL is verified as eligible, I contacted a user who voted keep in that 2019 DR, that has several contributions to [[Wq/tt]]. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 10:24, 8 January 2025 (UTC) : "Delete" (in scare quotes because no use of the MediaWiki deletion functionality is involved here - the page will really be replaced with a pointer) [[wn/kk]] as empty. Delete [[wn/sah]], which only contains a main page and no other content. Inclined to delete [[wn/tt]], which only contains a Main Page and one news article from 2020, as well, but not as strongly convinced. In any case these can be recreated if there's a movement to develop the project outside of Russian Wikinews. : Once these are deleted, we need to decide what to do with the domain names https://kk.wikinews.org, https://sah.wikinews.org, https://tt.wikinews.org. :: Inclined to redirect https://tt.wikinews.org -> https://ru.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82, https://sah.wikinews.org -> https://ru.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9, but redirect https://kk.wikinews.org to https://ru.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C (the project page explaining Russian Wikinews' multilingual initiative) since there isn't even a Kazakh Main Page. Although even the first two are very dead. And for all three domains redirect https://tt.wikinews.org/wiki/foo -> https://ru.wikinews.org/wiki/Foo. [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|talk]]) 20:03, 12 January 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Pppery|Pppery]] I think for 3rd one, once we indeed gain consensus to delete, we might need to discuss with langcom members on whether its RFL's eligible status should be revoked. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 03:42, 13 January 2025 (UTC) ::: The project should remain in-theory eligible. I'm effectively saying to do a [[w:WP:Soft deletion|soft delete]] - delete the nearly-empty test currently there without prejudice against a new movement for starting a test if one forms. [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|talk]]) 03:43, 13 January 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|OWTB]]: As you're most likely supporting to keep such "tocreate portal pages", do you have time on Pppery's suggestions above? [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 04:57, 12 July 2025 (UTC) ::::Anyway, it looks like the member who marked Tatar Wikinews request eligible [[m:User_talk:Jon_Harald_Søby#Consider_cancelling_eligibility_of_Wikinews_Tatar?|doesn't agree]] to re-consider it should be revoked or not. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 05:01, 12 July 2025 (UTC) :::::If they are already present on Wn/ru, then at least, they should link to their respective pages on ru.wikinews. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|OWTB]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|talk]]) 06:17, 12 July 2025 (UTC) ::::::Looks like the nominator already did so. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 07:53, 12 July 2025 (UTC) *'''Delete''' Per [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard#Board_of_Trustees_Approves_Closure_of_Wikinews|board decision]], they are already failed, and should go to 3rd platform for further contributing. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20743-13|&#126;2026-20743-13]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-20743-13|talk]]) 07:46, 4 April 2026 (UTC) *:{{Oppose}} Soft-closure and archive. ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 00:32, 9 May 2026 (UTC) *::@[[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] The entire projects were created on other wikis, why archive here? Make discussion branches? That's really hassle for citing. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:54, 12 May 2026 (UTC) *:::Why not keep with soft redirections? But, yes, I'm not really opposite it, however should let the local community speak up maybe other russian contributors as well. [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 12:50, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :{{Oppose}} all of the above. You should first ask one of the ru-Wikinews users (as me) to move these 4 pages. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 05:49, 19 April 2026 (UTC) I have moved all useful Tatar and Kazakh content along with Yakut mainpage, and I'm asking the Incubator administrators to help me complete the migration: # Delete all content of [[Wn/tt]] and [[Wn/kk]] # Move all of the templates with redirects (~30) in [[Wn/sah]] <u>with prefixes, under their current names</u> to Russian Wikinews. I can't do it myself, because importing to Wikinews from Incubator is not allowed, local sysops cannot import pages from Incubator. In the edit description, would be good to specify the contributors who created the template and the CC-BY-SA license (because Russian Wikinews use CC-BY-2.5). # Place stubs from [[User:Таёжный лес/news]] on [[Wn/evn]] (another one language version hosted in ruWN), [[Wn/kk]], [[Wn/tt]], [[Wn/sah]] respectively. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 11:30, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ruwikinews, as well as other Wikinews with official subdomains, are being discussed on [[m:Migration_of_Wikinews_and_future_hosts#Russian_Wikinews|future migration targets]], so I don't know why 3rd is still needed. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 02:30, 20 April 2026 (UTC) ::Right, along with other Wikinews, including projects in Incubator. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 03:44, 20 April 2026 (UTC) :::Just note: Wn/evn is now deleted. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36425-52|&#126;2026-36425-52]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-36425-52|talk]]) 04:50, 23 June 2026 (UTC) === Empty Wikinews test projects === These Wikinews test projects contain no pages or only main pages: [[Wn/ady]], [[Wn/ain]], [[Wn/arz]], [[Wn/bew]], [[Wn/bgn]], [[Wn/brh]], [[Wn/ccp]], [[Wn/ceb]], [[Wn/cnh]], [[Wn/ctg]], [[Wn/cy]], [[Wn/ddo]], [[Wn/dlg]], [[Wn/dtp]], [[Wn/dv]], [[Wn/dz]], [[Wn/ee]], [[Wn/ff]], [[Wn/fur]], [[Wn/ga]], [[Wn/gag]], [[Wn/gd]], [[Wn/gl]], [[Wn/gu]], [[Wn/hif]], [[Wn/hnd]], [[Wn/ie]], [[Wn/jax]], [[Wn/jbo]], [[Wn/jje]], [[Wn/kbd]], [[Wn/kip]], [[Wn/kjh]], [[Wn/kk]], [[Wn/kl]], [[Wn/km]], [[Wn/kn]], [[Wn/ks]], [[Wn/ku]], [[Wn/ky]], [[Wn/lg]], [[Wn/lo]], [[Wn/min]], [[Wn/mn]], [[Wn/mnw]], [[Wn/mr]], [[Wn/mrh]], [[Wn/my]], [[Wn/nrm]], [[Wn/nv]], [[Wn/oc]], [[Wn/om]], [[Wn/os]], [[Wn/pcm]], [[Wn/phr]], [[Wn/rw]], [[Wn/sah]], [[Wn/sco]], [[Wn/so]], [[Wn/tly]], [[Wn/trv]], [[Wn/ts]], [[Wn/tt]], [[Wn/tum]], [[Wn/tw]], [[Wn/vec]], [[Wn/wal]], [[Wn/yi]], [[Wn/zu]] [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-21280-06|&#126;2026-21280-06]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-21280-06|talk]]) 09:25, 7 April 2026 (UTC) :False about Wn/tt. I don't see any problem with a test project having at least one page written in a language, even if it's just a mainpage. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 04:21, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] This is already being discussed on the section above. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 23:06, 18 April 2026 (UTC) :Probably [[Wn/als]], [[Wn/ang]], [[Wn/ba]] and [[Wn/bar]] can also be ditto opinions. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 23:10, 18 April 2026 (UTC) ::als, ba, and bar document where the corresponding projects are, and ang puts up a deletion notice. I don't see why we should delete them. [[User:魔琴|魔琴]] ([[User talk:魔琴|talk]]) 21:49, 29 April 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:魔琴|魔琴]] Where are benefits to keep such semi-redirect to closed projects? Those "projects" are having no pages useful, deletion of them should potentially be feel free and without prejudice, as like how we are plugging power sockets. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 15:02, 7 May 2026 (UTC) ::::Redirects are cheap. [[User:魔琴|魔琴]] ([[User talk:魔琴|talk]]) 15:05, 7 May 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:魔琴|魔琴]] That will only result unnecessary discussion branches which can really stuck citation purposes, that said, [[w:Don't be a jerk|no need to leave such redirects to jerk pages]]/ [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:55, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::Just soft close those pages, its not hard. It's nothing [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 12:52, 12 May 2026 (UTC) * {{oppose}} all requests above. Cause this doesn’t even matter if the consensus reach to keep or delete, as the board already decided to close the project. If the board ask us delete all tests, we'll delete them.🪶-[[User:Tanbiruzzaman|<span style="font-family:monospace;color:#006400;letter-spacing:1px;">TΛNBIRUZZΛMΛN</span>]] ([[User talk:Tanbiruzzaman|💬]]) 01:57, 19 April 2026 (UTC) *:bew and ks are already deleted. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 22:58, 22 April 2026 (UTC) :Suggest to '''delete''' those with entirely no subpages, e.g. [[Wn/my]], these can be feel free to go without prejudice. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 04:00, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :{{Oppose}} [[Wn/nrm]] because of special code. {{Oppose}} [[Wn/kk]], [[Wn/sah]], and [[Wn/tt]] because we may need to mention [[:n:ru:Викиновости:Multilingualism|Russosphere Multilingual Wikinews project]] on their portals. --[[User:魔琴|魔琴]] ([[User talk:魔琴|talk]]) 21:52, 29 April 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:魔琴|魔琴]] Russian Wikinews is currently discussing the target of migration, see details [[m:Migration_of_Wikinews_and_future_hosts#Russian_Wikinews|here]]. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 17:09, 1 May 2026 (UTC) * {{oppose}} First, we clearly need redirects etc.; e.g. if the Incubator cannot have interested contributors taking a look, then there's no way forward for the whole site, might consider a soft closure as well(no lol). Second, this actually brings no real benefit. Third, a soft closure decision points to soft closure, also the history of Wikimedia movement sites is not a have or not have. Wikinews(pages) have already been soft-closed now, and anyway that is a done deal. ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 14:23, 8 May 2026 (UTC) === [[Wn/ms]] === I need clarification regarding the closure of Malay Wikinews. Will administrators on Wikimedia Incubator mass-delete all the pages associated with Malay Wikinews, given that there are currently a total of 1162 pages (including categories, templates, talk pages, and redirects) based on [https://meta.toolforge.org/catanalysis/index.php?cat=0&title=Wn/ms&wiki=incubatorwiki the statistics on this page]? Or will the community be given the option to move/archive these pages elsewhere (such as Miraheze, or maybe one of the Malay Wikimedia projects with new namespace, or perhaps separate toolforge project)? [[User:Hakimi97|Hakimi97]] ([[User talk:Hakimi97|talk]]) 05:08, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :I will tag active Malay Wikinews contributors such as @[[User:Stress 043|Stress 043]], @[[User:26 Ramadan|26 Ramadan]], @[[User:EmpAhmadK|EmpAhmadK]], @[[User:Izington|Izington]], @[[User:Rulwarih|Rulwarih]], @[[User:Jeluang Terluang|Jeluang Terluang]], @[[User:SNN95|SNN95]], @[[User:Zazamental|Zazamental]], @[[User:Wiki Farazi|Wiki Farazi]], @[[User:Adikhebat|Adikhebat]], @[[User:Tofeiku|Tofeiku]], @[[User:Song GK|Song GK]], @[[User:Ceball1923|Ceball1923]], @[[User:Niduzzi|Niduzzi]] regarding this. They have the right to know where their contributions would go, and worst comes to worst, send their final goodbye to their content. [[User:Hakimi97|Hakimi97]] ([[User talk:Hakimi97|talk]]) 05:13, 19 April 2026 (UTC) ::Actually, with the exception of blocked users e.g. Zazamental (and some who are inactive for at least 2 years), I already posted noticement on their talk pages this morning. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 05:20, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :As someone who has been very hopeful and working a lot on the release of Malay Wikinews since 2020, it is definitely upsetting to see the years of work wasted, especially with the recent creation of the news header template and all the work that the Malaysian community put for more original reports on the ground that also helped to contribute to other projects such as Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons. I would suggest that even if Wikinews is no longer supported, the local communities on incubator should have the autonomy to continue running their own Wikinews (and any other projects if they also get shut down) afterwards on Incubator as it barely costs anything for the Foundation to support. :The initiatives taken by the Malaysian community such as to get the media pass to be the first to report on the iPhone 17 launch and have pictures uploaded to commons cannot be ignored. Even other news occassionally refers to the Malay Wikinews for their report, such as when the new Kamus Dewan Perdana website was announced, where the Malay tech news [https://amanz.my/2025541529 directly cited Wikinews' original report] of the announcement from Dewan Bahasa. :If local communities are able to bring Wikinews to greater heights, nobody should be able to stop them. At least let us operate our projects on the Incubator even if it will never make it to its full stage, it's better than shutting it down entirely. [[User:EmpAhmadK|EmpAhmadK]] ([[User talk:EmpAhmadK|talk]]) 06:33, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :: Hello [[user:Hakimi97|Hakimi97]] and [[user:EmpAhmadK|EmpAhmadK]], I don't believe any pages will be deleted, at most made read-only. Existing URLs should continue to work. There are also community plans to [[m:Migration of Wikinews and future hosts|migrate Wikinews to a new host]] which could include interested active incubator languages. (You may want to comment there.) So no work to date should be wasted. [[User:Sj|Sj]] ([[User talk:Sj|talk]]) 19:50, 21 April 2026 (UTC) :::I don't think that it is possible for Malay Wikinews to be moved together with those established language editions of Wikinews, given that the Malay Wikinews has not even graduated from the Incubator before the closure of the Wikinews being announced. [[User:Hakimi97|Hakimi97]] ([[User talk:Hakimi97|talk]]) 20:15, 21 April 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Sj|Sj]] Maybe [[Wn/tr]] has really benefits for losing instead of archiving due to its totally spam subpages. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 12:01, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::First, I believe that Malay Wikinews will absolutely not be deleted; another key aspect of soft closure is proper preservation. Second, you are welcome to continue following future developments related to Wikinews and participate in related discussions, perhaps join back in again! ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 00:30, 9 May 2026 (UTC) :Sorry for being inactive for quite some time. When I first came across Malay Wikinews back in 2024, it had roughly 300 articles. Seeing that number grow to over 600 today is a significant achievement, especially given the very small number of active contributors. :Realistically, awareness of Wikinews is quite low, and even fewer people know about the Malay edition. For this reason, the Board's decision to close the project is understandable, and I accept the archival of the Malay site. However, I completely empathize with the contributors who might feel frustrated by this decision. They invested a great deal of time and effort into producing original reporting and photography, and their disappointment is completely valid. :Ultimately, life goes on, and the broader Wikimedia movement will continue to move forward. Free knowledge truly comes with a hefty price. [[User:Stress 043|Stress 043]] ([[User talk:Stress 043|talk]]) 15:45, 24 May 2026 (UTC) ::That being said, many communities are still going, and we welcome you to join us moving forward or stopping together. ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 23:00, 24 May 2026 (UTC) === [[Wn/cdo]] === Following the recent news regarding the Wikinews closures, the Mindong (cdo) community has discussed our next steps. With the explicit support of our local administrators, we plan to migrate our Wikinews test project to the Mindong Wikipedia (cdo.wikipedia.org) and continue operating it there as a dedicated sub-project. To ensure that the years of hard work by our contributors are preserved and that proper attribution is maintained, we need to perform a full import. Therefore, I am requesting a complete dump—including full edit histories—for all pages under the Wn/cdo/ prefix. For context, our community has already prepared the necessary namespace mapping plan for the target wiki: {| class="wikitable" ! Incubator Path !! Target path on cdo.wikipedia |- | Wn/cdo/xxx || Report:xxx |- | Talk:Wn/cdo/xxx || Report_talk:xxx |- | Wn/cdo/Help:xxx || Help:xxx |- | Wn/cdo/Wikinews:xxx || WN:xxx |- | Talk:Wn/cdo/Wikinews:xxx || WN_talk:xxx |- | Category:Wn/cdo/xxx || Category:Wn/cdo/xxx |- | Template:Wn/cdo/xxx || Template:Wn/cdo/xxx |- | Module:Wn/cdo/xxx || Module:Wn/cdo/xxx |- | Module_talk:Wn/cdo/xxx || Module_talk:Wn/cdo/xxx |} Could an administrator or someone with the necessary access please assist us in generating this export? --[[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 05:30, 25 April 2026 (UTC) :You need to file a request at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?tags=wikimedia-site-requests phabricator] for those namespace creation. 🪶-[[User:Tanbiruzzaman|<span style="font-family:monospace;color:#006400;letter-spacing:1px;">TΛNBIRUZZΛMΛN</span>]] ([[User talk:Tanbiruzzaman|💬]]) 05:46, 25 April 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you for the information. Do we need the Phabricator request for the namespaces to be approved and implemented first, or can the data dump and import happen in parallel? [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 06:44, 25 April 2026 (UTC) ::[[phab:T424413]] has been created. [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 07:11, 25 April 2026 (UTC) :Really support this constructive decision by the local community. Keep it up! ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 00:31, 9 May 2026 (UTC) I would recommend not creating new namespaces (that makes archiving and discovery much harder, especially for a small number of pages) unless necessary. You can more easily map this as follows, with no new namespaces needed. Also it's better for the official page title to be a full "wikinews" rather than an abbreviation "WN" again for searchability and readability. [[User:Sj|Sj]] ([[User talk:Sj|talk]]) 12:59, 28 April 2026 (UTC) {| class="wikitable" ! Incubator Path !! Target path on cdo.wikipedia |- | Wn/cdo/xxx || Project:Reports/xxx |- | Wn/cdo/Wikinews:xxx || Project:Wikinews/xxx |} :Thank you for your constructive suggestion. :From my understanding, requesting and creating new namespaces is actually a separate matter from importing the news articles and their edit histories from the Incubator. (I also pointed this out during our internal discussions within the local community, and the local Wikipedia administrator agrees with this as well.) :For the import process itself, I think using the target paths you suggested works perfectly. As for creating new namespaces, it might take a very long time due to technical or other reasons, or it might not even be implemented at all. However, this will not affect the continued operation of the local community's news project. :How should we move forward with the export and import process? [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 09:11, 25 May 2026 (UTC) === Archive all === It should be based on full archival as the standard. Since the closure component of the soft-close has already been applied to the various Incubator sites, its archival component should also be applied here. and For Incubator versions with communities by the way, they have always been part of the global Wikinews community, and they are also welcome to take part in future contributions and discussions. ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 13:47, 8 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] I don't think empty ones e.g. [[Wn/my]] should also be "archived", since there are eventually no projects under this prefix, such empty "projects" should feel free to be deleted. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:51, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::The main thing is, deleting a one page doesn't do any good, and since it's already been soft-closed, the process isn't exactly fair. And since there's no negative impact anyway, I guess it's fine to just keep it. But, not really impact much thing [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 12:43, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] But keeping such "null project"s, on the other hand, can really mislead users to consider starting them even after 4 May, to which those are no longer allowed to active in any circumstances, that will only cause unnecessary unprotect requests which are also unfair for the administrators. Due to really existing negative impact in the near future, I suggest that we can exclude such empty ones from archival by early-bird deletion, that's the correct way with no hurts, not keeping, this way is really hurting future new users. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 05:14, 13 May 2026 (UTC) ::::I understand your concerns, but they are unnecessary. Enough explanation is enough. If you think like that, then all soft shutdown sites would have this problem, which is impossible. [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 11:04, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] I don't think so, it's unable to guess what the new users really wanna do, if and when they asked for unprotect, are you really able to do such "enough explanation"s? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-38002-61|&#126;2026-38002-61]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-38002-61|talk]]) 04:09, 3 July 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] Anyway, I suggest that we can exclude one from your archival proposal: Turkish ([[Wn/tr]]) as someone else pointed above, there are really nothing but spam pages under Wn/tr prefix. Presumably, that's already a scandal of Incubator. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:52, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::Yeah If there truly is an extremely exceptional incubator version that cannot be resolved through cleanup and has a significant negative impact, then of course it is open to discuss, I won't be opposite. [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 12:39, 12 May 2026 (UTC) === [[Wn/tr]] === Since someone pointed above, I suggest that even we are considering to archive all Wikinews test projects without deletion, but this Turkish one should really be excluded from archival, and should consider '''deleting all pages''', and with explaination to '''direct to either tr.wikipedia or Miraheze/Fandom...''' for future news contributions, due to '''full of spam-only pages, include the mainpage'''. --'''[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:24, 13 May 2026 (UTC)''' == [[Wy/ssh]] == not in shihhi arabic [[User:Almajidy|<b style="background:#3e67b3;color:#FFF;border:4pxsolid #3e67b3;border-radius:25px;padding:3px 10px;font:20px 'Brush Script MT';">'''Almajidy'''</b>]]<b style="font-size:7px;">【Talk】</b> 07:36, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :Seems already deleted, close? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 12:00, 12 May 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 14:32, 3 July 2026 (UTC)}} == [[Wb/ary]], [[Wp/ars]], [[Wt/acm]], [[Wy/acm]], [[Wp/ayl]], [[Wq/ary]], [[Wp/afb]] == one page wiki test projects [[User:Almajidy|<b style="background:#3e67b3;color:#FFF;border:4pxsolid #3e67b3;border-radius:25px;padding:3px 10px;font:20px 'Brush Script MT';">'''Almajidy'''</b>]]<b style="font-size:7px;">【Talk】</b> 12:10, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :Notifyed two users that were active on some of above. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 05:07, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :Wp/afb has multiple pages. [[User:JJUPLOADS22|JJUPLOADS22]] ([[User talk:JJUPLOADS22|talk]]) 19:01, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == [[Wp/xpq]] == There's no one encyclopedic article in this wiki, only images and two interrogative sentences in [[Wp/xpq/Shwi mitukushq]]. Mohegan-Pequot is actually a dead language. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 12:40, 30 August 2026 (UTC) :{{Done}}. [[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 16:03, 22 October 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 16:03, 22 October 2026 (UTC)}} == [[Wp/mjy]] == No encyclopedic content: articles contain nothing except title and single image. Mahican language has no speakers. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 13:20, 30 August 2026 (UTC) :{{Done}}. 15:58, 22 October 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 15:58, 22 October 2026 (UTC)}} == [[Wp/xzh]] == Unactive test in an ancient language. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 05:08, 1 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wt/mxi]] == Unactive test in a historical language. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 05:08, 1 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wy/bxr]] == The single page, being abandoned for 5 years, contains only English text. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 14:00, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :{{Done|Deleted}}. [[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 03:04, 18 October 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 03:04, 18 October 2026 (UTC)}} == Tungusic Wiktionaries == [[Wt/neg]], [[Wt/ude]], [[Wt/evn]], [[Wt/ulc]], [[Wt/oaa]], [[Wt/gld]]. No content on these languages except from the described words. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 17:39, 2 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wq/jje]] == No actual content since creation. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 14:32, 3 September 2026 (UTC) :{{Done|Deleted}}. [[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 14:28, 18 October 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 14:28, 18 October 2026 (UTC)}} == [[Wy/jje]] == Same as [[Wq/jje]]. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 14:37, 3 September 2026 (UTC) :{{Done|Deleted}}. [[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 14:30, 18 October 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 14:30, 18 October 2026 (UTC)}} == [[Wb/udm]] == LTA's vandalism. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 14:54, 4 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wp/mjd]] == No actual content for 14 years, only one-word pages. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 19:50, 27 October 2026 (UTC) tc116bak0tb8qpxrzvw0qp37w2wm0pa 0 3113922 7386310 7302329 2026-11-09T18:23:18Z Felipe Castillo 3 2658038 se actualiza infomación 7386310 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Plato-mexico.jpg|thumb|250x250px|right|Píibil k'éek'en]] '''Píibil k'éek'en''' (ich káastlan t'aan: ''cochinita pibil''), jump'éel janal suuk u beeta'al ti’ u petenil [[Wp/yua/Yucatán|''Yucatán'']], jump'éel janal jach máan ki’, tuláakal máak beetik, suuk u beeta'al ti’ k'iimbesaj je'el bix oka', ts'o'okol beel, jéets' meek' yéetel ti' uláak k'iimbesajo'ob. Ku beeta’al yéetel u bak'el [[Wp/yua/K'éek'en|k'éek'en]], ku xa'ak'ta'al yéetel [[Wp/yua/K'uxub|k'uxub/kiwi']], ts'o'okole' ku pi’ixil yéetel u le' [[Wp/yua/Ja'as|ja'as]], ku ts'ooke' ku mu'uka'al ich lu'um. [[File:Cochinita pibil 2.jpg|thumb|250px]] == Ba'ax ku bisik == * U le' ja'as * Bak' * K'uxub/kiwi' * [[Wp/yua/Ta'ab|Ta'ab]] (máax ken u chaakale' leti' ken u yil buka'aj ken u ts'a'e) * [[Wp/yua/Xa'ak'|Xa'ak']] * [[Wp/yua/Kukut|Kukut]] (''morada'') * [[Wp/yua/Iik|Iik]] * [[Wp/yua/Su'uts' pak'áal|Su'uts' pak'áal]] == U k'aaba' == Ku ya'a'al ti' píibil k'éek'en tumen ku tajsa'al ichil jump'éel piib páambil lu'um ku k'aaba'tik píib, yéetel xan ku beeta'al yéetel u bak'el k'éek'en, tu'ux ku taal u k'aaba'. Yaan kaajo'ob xane' ku ya'ala'al ti' ´Píibil pool wa píibil pool k'éek'en", ba'ale' le je'ela' unaj u bisik wa jayp'éel pool k'éek'en, ba'ale' wa ka paktike' je'el bix le píibil k'éek'eno'. Ya'ab juntéenel xane' kex tumen ku ya'ala'al píibil k'éek'ene' ku tajsa'al i chil jumpéel horno, ba'ale' u k'aaba'e' ku páatal. == Bix u beeta'al == [[File:Authentic Cochinita Pibil.jpg|thumb]] K'a’abet jump'éel piib ichlu'um, uti'al le je'ela' ku páanal le lu'umo' uti'al u u mu'ukul le janal ku ts'aabil ichilo', u taamile' yaan u yil buka'aj nojochil le nu'ukul tu'ux yaan le janal ku mukbilo', beeyxan yaan u meyaj si', tuunich, u le' ja'as, beek, ja'abin. le u ts'ook ba'alo'oba' lekéen mu'ukuke' ku meyaj uti'al u ts'aabal yóok'ol, ts'o'okol ku mu'ukul yéetel lu'um. kuum, tu taamile'jumpéel yaan u ts'abaj u le' ja'as, ts'o'okole' ka ts'áaik le bak'o', yaan u xa'ak’ta'al yéetel le chak xa'ak'o'. Yaan máaxo'obe’ ku ts'áaiko'ob [[Wp/yua/Tsaats|tsaats]]. Le píibil k'éek'eno' ku janta'al yéetel kukut, ku ts'amaj yéetel su'uts' pak'áal yéetel iik. Je’el u páajtal u janta’al u ''táacoile’'' wa u ''tóorta''. === Bix u cha'akal === Jump'éel piib ichlu'um, uti'al le je'ela' ku páanal le lu'umo' uti'al u u mu'ukul le janal ku ts'aabil ichilo', u taamile' yaan u yil buka'aj nojochil le nu'ukul tu'ux yaan le janal ku mukbilo', beeyxan yaan u meyaj si', tuunich, u le' ja'as, beek, ja'abin. le u ts'ook ba'alo'oba' lekéen mu'ukuke' ku meyaj uti'al u ts'aabal yóok'ol, ts'o'okol ku mu'ukul yéetel lu'um. Uláak'e' ku cha'akal yóok'ol k'áak', uti'al le je'ela' ku ts'aabal ichil jump'éel kuum lekéen ts'o'okok u ts'aabal u xa'ak'il, ku ts'aabla u ja'il, ts'o'okol ku ts'aabal u máak uti'al u bin u tajal. [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Janalo'ob]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4804467}} 92tuma9vr4jxe9me7yb3ha7y3desjvu 0 3152620 7386702 6342422 2026-11-10T08:49:39Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386702 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:US Navy 050320-N-9588P-027 U.S. Army Soldiers ploy out of the back of a Stryker infantry carrier vehicle to provide suppressive fire on the enemy during a simulated convoy attack.jpg|thumb|cooha]] '''cooha''' (軍隊) serengge gurun bana i karman geli afan be jalin araha urse falga kai. ne cohotoi yamun de harangga alban i jaka be cooha sembi. uttu oci nikton be dasara ''警察'' ci encu. damu baita be dahame hacingga be inu cooha seme, [[Wp/mnc/dulimbai niyalma irgen gunghe gurun|dulimbai niyalma irgen gunghe gurun]] i cooha oci [[Wp/mnc/dulimbai gurun gungcan dang|hokin]] de harangga kai. ==hacin== ===bana=== *[[Wp/mnc/Olhon Cooha|olhon cooha]] *[[Wp/mnc/Mederi Cooha|mederi cooha]] *[[Wp/mnc/Untuhun Cooha|untuhun cooha]] ===agūra=== *[[Wp/mnc/Yafahan Cooha|yafahan cooha]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] nb752qp324g21xetzvjgpz5yple7vu5 7386706 7386702 2026-11-10T08:51:02Z Sekiyen 2692190 7386706 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:US Navy 050320-N-9588P-027 U.S. Army Soldiers ploy out of the back of a Stryker infantry carrier vehicle to provide suppressive fire on the enemy during a simulated convoy attack.jpg|thumb|cooha]] '''cooha''' (軍隊) serengge gurun bana i karman geli afan be jalin araha urse falga kai. ne cohotoi yamun de harangga alban i jaka be cooha sembi. uttu oci nikton be dasara ''警察'' ci encu. damu baita be dahame hacingga be inu cooha seme, [[Wp/mnc/dulimbai niyalma irgen gunghe gurun|dulimbai niyalma irgen gunghe gurun]] i cooha oci [[Wp/mnc/dulimbai gurun gungcan dang|hokin]] de harangga kai. ==hacin== ===bana=== *[[Wp/mnc/Olhon Cooha|olhon cooha]] (陆军/陸軍) *[[Wp/mnc/Mederi Cooha|mederi cooha]] (海军/海軍) *[[Wp/mnc/Untuhun Cooha|untuhun cooha]] (空军/空軍) ===agūra=== *[[Wp/mnc/Yafahan Cooha|yafahan cooha]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] 2m6zbpyezl9d0hddysn3p6nnhnh2lyq 7386707 7386706 2026-11-10T08:51:22Z Sekiyen 2692190 7386707 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:US Navy 050320-N-9588P-027 U.S. Army Soldiers ploy out of the back of a Stryker infantry carrier vehicle to provide suppressive fire on the enemy during a simulated convoy attack.jpg|thumb|cooha]] '''cooha''' (軍隊) serengge gurun bana i karman geli afan be jalin araha urse falga kai. ne cohotoi yamun de harangga alban i jaka be cooha sembi. uttu oci nikton be dasara ''警察'' ci encu. damu baita be dahame hacingga be inu cooha seme, [[Wp/mnc/dulimbai niyalma irgen gunghe gurun|dulimbai niyalma irgen gunghe gurun]] i cooha oci [[Wp/mnc/dulimbai gurun gungcan dang|hokin]] de harangga kai. ==hacin== ===bana=== *[[Wp/mnc/Olhon Cooha|olhon cooha]] (陆军/陸軍) *[[Wp/mnc/Mederi Cooha|mederi cooha]] (海军/海軍) *[[Wp/mnc/Untuhun Cooha|untuhun cooha]] (空军/空軍) ===cooha i niyalma=== *[[Wp/mnc/Yafahan Cooha|yafahan cooha]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] fzgozglr0248094mr6s7u04tujc0xld 7386712 7386707 2026-11-10T08:54:29Z Sekiyen 2692190 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q8473]] 7386712 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:US Navy 050320-N-9588P-027 U.S. Army Soldiers ploy out of the back of a Stryker infantry carrier vehicle to provide suppressive fire on the enemy during a simulated convoy attack.jpg|thumb|cooha]] '''cooha''' (軍隊) serengge gurun bana i karman geli afan be jalin araha urse falga kai. ne cohotoi yamun de harangga alban i jaka be cooha sembi. uttu oci nikton be dasara ''警察'' ci encu. damu baita be dahame hacingga be inu cooha seme, [[Wp/mnc/dulimbai niyalma irgen gunghe gurun|dulimbai niyalma irgen gunghe gurun]] i cooha oci [[Wp/mnc/dulimbai gurun gungcan dang|hokin]] de harangga kai. ==hacin== ===bana=== *[[Wp/mnc/Olhon Cooha|olhon cooha]] (陆军/陸軍) *[[Wp/mnc/Mederi Cooha|mederi cooha]] (海军/海軍) *[[Wp/mnc/Untuhun Cooha|untuhun cooha]] (空军/空軍) ===cooha i niyalma=== *[[Wp/mnc/Yafahan Cooha|yafahan cooha]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8473}} dzj7czboa8r92yeohqmou18dprzk13a 7386713 7386712 2026-11-10T08:54:40Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386713 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:US Navy 050320-N-9588P-027 U.S. Army Soldiers ploy out of the back of a Stryker infantry carrier vehicle to provide suppressive fire on the enemy during a simulated convoy attack.jpg|thumb|cooha]] '''cooha''' (軍隊/military) serengge gurun bana i karman geli afan be jalin araha urse falga kai. ne cohotoi yamun de harangga alban i jaka be cooha sembi. uttu oci nikton be dasara ''警察'' ci encu. damu baita be dahame hacingga be inu cooha seme, [[Wp/mnc/dulimbai niyalma irgen gunghe gurun|dulimbai niyalma irgen gunghe gurun]] i cooha oci [[Wp/mnc/dulimbai gurun gungcan dang|hokin]] de harangga kai. ==hacin== ===bana=== *[[Wp/mnc/Olhon Cooha|olhon cooha]] (陆军/陸軍) *[[Wp/mnc/Mederi Cooha|mederi cooha]] (海军/海軍) *[[Wp/mnc/Untuhun Cooha|untuhun cooha]] (空军/空軍) ===cooha i niyalma=== *[[Wp/mnc/Yafahan Cooha|yafahan cooha]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8473}} e580o70ljruq6cvtkw5rrgnvu5ca5t2 0 3160555 7386736 4941395 2026-11-10T09:19:23Z Revibot 1236611 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain]] to [[Wp/mnc/1ci jalan dain]] 7386736 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mnc/1ci jalan dain]] dmrlsecsvvvj54szykr3bi0m8txa9kl 0 3160556 7386734 4941393 2026-11-10T09:19:03Z Revibot 1236611 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Wp/mnc/juweci jalan jecen dain]] to [[Wp/mnc/2ci jalan dain]] 7386734 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mnc/2ci jalan dain]] ifidcd7zao9zlwctriv097ngrv3gd7i 0 3160557 7386735 4941394 2026-11-10T09:19:13Z Revibot 1236611 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain]] to [[Wp/mnc/1ci jalan dain]] 7386735 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mnc/1ci jalan dain]] dmrlsecsvvvj54szykr3bi0m8txa9kl 0 3160558 7386737 4941396 2026-11-10T09:19:33Z Revibot 1236611 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Wp/mnc/juweci jalan jecen dain]] to [[Wp/mnc/2ci jalan dain]] 7386737 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mnc/2ci jalan dain]] ifidcd7zao9zlwctriv097ngrv3gd7i 0 3161953 7386616 7255962 2026-11-10T06:34:07Z WikiFayo95 2609576 7386616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/frs/Inf'rmóósjoonsboks Stad | Nóóm = Emden | Bild = Emden_Rathaus_001.jpg | Bildbräed't = 270px | Bildtekst = Róódhuus fan Emden | Inwoonertóól = 49.913 | Flâakt = 112,36 km&sup2; | Besiidelnsdiecht't = 444 inwooners/km&sup2; | Baalen = | Höeğt = 1 m. booven n.n. | Land = [[Wp/frs/Düütskland|Düütskland]] | Ferwaltensäinhaid 1 = [[Wp/frs/Leeğsaksen|Leeğsaksen]] | Nóóm Ferwaltensäinhaid 1 = [[Wp/frs/Leeğsaksen|Leeğsaksen]] | Burmester = Tim Kruidhof | Stadleedern = | Grünnen = | Postläidtóól = 26721, 26723, 26725 | Tiidtsôon = [[Wp/frs/UTC|UTC]] +1 | Sommertiid = [[Wp/frs/UTC|UTC]] +2 | Kooördiinóóten = | Webstee = [http://www.emden.de www.emden.de] }} [[File:Falderndelft (Rotes Siel) und Gödenser Haus und Neue Kirche in Emden (2023).jpg|thumb|Fallerndelft]] '''Emden''' is 'n kraisfräej stad bii d' muu fan d' [[Wp/frs/Äiems|Äiems]] an 't noordelk öyver fan d' [[Wp/frs/Dullert|Dullert]]. Mit 49.202 inwooners (stand 2024) is Emden däi lütjest fan däi kraisfräej steeden in 't [[Wp/frs/Leeğsaksen|Bundsland Leeğsaksen]]. Emden beset't plats 21 fan däi grôotst steeden in Leeğsaksen, man is nóó [[Wp/frs/Wilmshóóven|Wilmshóóven]] däi twäidgrôotst stad an d' leeğsaksk küest. Emden is däi grôotst stad fan [[Wp/frs/Oostfräisland|Oostfräisland]]. Däi stad Emden is as fräisk hannelsplats teegen 800 n.K. undstóón un is noch altiid döör siin seihóóven bekent, däi in 't 20. jorhunnert däi bóósis föör dat ansiideln fan grôot industriibedriiven, soo as dat helgen ''Nordseewerke'' un dat [[Wp/frs/VW-Waark|VW-Waark]], was. As wirtskaftsstandoord het Emden föör däi regjoon 'n boovenregjoonóól bedüüden. Siit 1973 is Emden ook 'n hooğskaulstad. == Geogróófii == Emden liğt in 't noordwest fan Düütskland in däi regjoon [[Wp/frs/Oostfräisland|Oostfräisland]]. Säi is däi westelkst seihóóvenstad in Düütskland. Däi stad liğt an 't noordelk öyver fan d' [[Wp/frs/Dullert|Dullert]], booven däi [[Wp/frs/Äiems|Äiems]]. Däi hóóven fan Emden is ruuğweğ 38 seimiilen (dat bünt ruuğweğ 70 kilomeeters) fan d' Noordsäj (bii [[Wp/frs/Börkem|Börkem]]) weğ. Däi westelkst punkt fan Emden häit't [[Wp/frs/Knoek|Knoek]]. Dor liğt boovendeem ook däi noordwestelkst punkt fan dat [[Wp/frs/Oostfräisk Halfailand|Oostfräisk Halfailand]]. Däi tauken grôot steeden bünt [[Wp/frs/Ollenbörğ|Ollenbörğ]], [[Wp/frs/Bräimen|Bräimen]], [[Wp/frs/Gröyngen|Gröyngen]] un [[Wp/frs/Wilmshóóven|Wilmshóóven]]: [[Wp/frs/Ollenbörğ|Ollenbörğ]] liğt ruuğweğ 70 kilomeeter oost-süüdoostelk, [[Wp/frs/Bräimen|Bräimen]] ruuğweğ 110 kilomeeter in 't sülviğ richten. [[Wp/frs/Gröyngen|Gröyngen]] in [[Wp/frs/Neerland|Neerland]] liğt ruuğweğ 50 kilomeeter west-süüdwestelk, man mit aauto of tsuğ is dat wiid t' foren, um dat man däi [[Wp/frs/Dullert|Dullert]] umforen maut. Wilmshóóven is ruuğweğ 60 kilomeeter oostelk fan Emden. === Wóóter === [[File:KarteKrummhoern.png|thumb|Wóóterkoert fan Emden un däi Krumhörn]] Emden is 'n stad mit fööl wóóter. Binnen d' stad gift dat 865 hektoor wóóter. Dat bünt soowat 7,7 prosent fan däi häiel flâakt fan Emden. Dat hóóvenbekken is d'r 'n grôot däil fan. Man dat gift ook ruuğweğ 150 kilomeeter lâang knóólen, däi döör d' stad förent. Enkeld knóólen bünt natürelk äjen, man däi mäiest wurdent fan minsken baaut. Tau 'n biispil gift dat däi Emder Stadsgracht, Oel Gracht nöymt. Däi was däil fan dat oel müerwaark un dat befastigen fan Emden in 't middeloller. Dat gift ook knóólen föör skeepen, as dat Trekfortsdäip, däi Äims-Siidelknóól un däi [[Wp/frs/Äims-Jóó-Knóól|Äims-Jóó-Knóól]]. In Emden liegent twei meerten: dat Uphuuser Meer un dat Bansmeer. Boovendeem grenst däi stad an 'n dâard meer; däi Hîiv of Lütje Meer. Âal meerten bünt döör knóólen ferbunnen. Soo köönent booten fan d' Emder hóóven döör däi wóóterknóólen nóó däi meerten un anner steeden in Oostfräisland foren. Dat Hinter Däip un dat Laarlter Däip ferbinnent Emden mit knóólen in noord un west. Dat [[Wp/frs/Knokster Däip|Knokster Däip]] fört nóó däi laugen in d' umgewesten. Dat [[Wp/frs/Feentjer Däip|Feentjer Däip]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Äims-Jóó-Knóól|Äims-Jóó-Knóól]] ferbinnent Emden mit knóólen un slooden in 't oost. Oover däi Äims-Jóó-Knóól un anner wóóterweegen kan man bit nóó Ollenbörğ un nóó d' [[Wp/frs/Wäiser|Wäiser]] foren. Of un tau bünt däi brüegen läip leeğ, düs paasent dor bloot booten sünner hôoğ upbaauten döör. Däi Emder hóóven het twei slüüsen: däi Grôot Slües un däi Nesserlanner Slües. Disser slüüsen bünt wichtiğ poorten. Säi ferbinnent däi wóóterweegen mit däi grôot säj, Dullert un Äiems. == Histoorje == 1464 wur Emden residens fan däi oostfräisk gróófenfemiilje [[Wp/frs/Tsirksenó|Tsirksenó]]. Unner höör wur däi stad düğtiğ befastiğt un wirtskaftelk uutbaaut. Kaiser [[Wp/frs/Maximilian I|Maximilian I]] gaf Emden dat stóópelrecht un ferläinde däi stad 1495 'n wóópen. Um 1500 haar däi stad ruuğweğ 3000 inwooners un was d'r mit däi grôotst siidlung in Oostfräisland. Fan 1520 of an wur Emden tau 'n wichtiğ tsentrum fan d' ref'rmóósjoon, besünners döör ref'rmóótooren so as Johannes a Lasco. Emden undwikkelde sük t'móól tau 'n ref'rmóótoorsk tsentrum as Genf of Wittenberg. [[File:TK 25000 1954 Emden 2609 - Ausschnitt Stadtgebiet.jpg|thumb|Koert fan Emden (1954).]] 1595 kwam dat tau däi Emder Rewulusjoon: börgers stört'dent däi róód däi fan Gróóf [[Wp/frs/Edsert II|Edsert II]] inset't worden was un beset'dent däi börğ. Däi gróóf mus siin heerskup ofgeeven un Auerk wur däi näej residens fan däi oostfräisk gróófen. Emden ferkreeğ soo 'n semi-aautonôom stóótus. 1609–1616 wur däi beraumt wâal upricht't, däi Emden skütsen sul. In d' [[Wp/frs/Daartiğjoriğ Oorlauğ|Daartiğjoriğ Oorlauğ]] bleev Emden ferskoont. 1643 undstun 'n wóólfang-kumpanii. Doo däi läest Tsirksenó 1744 kinnerlös ooverleed, kwam Emden unner prüüsk heerkup un wur prüüsk freihóóven. In 't 19. jorhunnert dee Emden fan d' prüüsk neutróólitäitstóótus in d' oorlauğ teegen Frankriik profiitäären. Däi westbóón wur baaut, däi hóóven fernäjert, un däi stad wur as strateeğsk seihóóven föör dat Ruurgebiit belangriik. Tüsken 1886 un 1902 undstunnent wichtiğ wóóterbaauten, d'r unner däi keedelslüües, däi Äims-Jóó-Slüües un däi grôot seislüües - däi döör kaiser [[Wp/frs/Wilm II|Wilm II]] eröfnt wur. Dat industriiäel undwikkeln un däi hóóven wurdent wiider uutbaaut. Up d' 6 september 1944 wur däi Emder olstad hóóst häilundal döör briitsk lüchtangreepen fernäilt. Nóó 't äen fan d' oorlauğ fung däi weerupbaau an. 1962 wur dat róódhuus näj eröfnt. Industriien siideldent sük an un maudêern inrichtens kwamment. In d' folğjoren undwikkelde sük Emden tau 'n maudêern hóóven- un industriistad mit kultüräel bedüüden. == Kultüer un turismus in Emden == Däi stad Emden liğt in 't noordwest fan Düütskland in däi regjoon Oostfräisland. Däi stad het näit alleniğ 'n wichtiğ hóóven, man ook fööl kultüräel anbooden un histoorsk baauten. Emden het 'n lâang histoorje, däi man up fööl steeden in d' stad unddekken kan. === Museen === [[File:Kunsthalle Emden & Emder Stadtgraben mit Angler (2023).jpg|thumb|Künsthâal Emden mit gracht d'r fööer]] Däi künsthâal Emden is 'n bekent museum föör maudêern künst. Säi wur 1986 fan d' Emder publisist Henri Nannen grünt. In däi künsthâal gift dat biller, skulptüren un skeepen uut d' 20. un 21. jorhunnert. Künstlers soo as Max Beckmann, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner of August Macke bünt hir fertreeden. Dat gift ook wesseluutstellens mit künst uut âal weerld. Dat Oostfräisk Landsmuseum wist däi histoorje fan Emden un Oostfräisland. Dat museum sit't in 't oel Emder róódshuus. Besöykers köönent hir oel skeepen, korten, wóópens, mööbels un münten säin. Besünners bekent is däi grôot rüstenskóómer, däi uut dat 16. jorhunnert stamt. Dat museum ferklort ook, woo däi minsken in Emden waleer leevt un aarbaid't hebbent. Dat Otto-Huus is 'n lütjet museum oover däi Emder koomikker [[Wp/frs/Otto Waalkes|Otto Waalkes]]. Binnen dat muuseum gift 'n büelt lüstiğ biller, figüren, films un dingen uut siin leevend t' säin. === Karken un histoorsk baauten === [[File:Neue-Kirche-Emden-msu-0686.jpg|thumb|Däi Näej Kâark]] Däi Grôot Kâark, ook Maräjenkâark nöymt, is äien fan däi oelst baauten fan d' stad. Säi wur in 't middeloller baaut un het fööl buent fensters un 'n grôot öörgel. Däi Näej Kâark is 'n Ewangeelsk-Ref'rmäärt kâark uut dat 17. jorhunnert. Däi is 'n gaud biispil föör däi sliecht karkenarchitektüer fan däi ref'rmäärt kristen. Dat [[Wp/frs/Emder Róódhuus|Emder Róódhuus]] staajt midden in d' binnenstad. In d' [[Wp/frs/Twäied Weerldoorlauğ|Twäied Weerldoorlauğ]] wur 't fernäilt, man d'r nóó in oel föörm weer upbaaut. Dat wist fööl details uut däi histoorje fan Emden. Binnen kan man fandóóeğ dat landsmuseum besöyken. Däi Emder Wâal is 'n oel stadbefastigen uut dat 17. jorhunnert. Umtau is fandóóeğ 'n grôot park mit póóden, oel bastjoonen un grachten. Däi wâal is bii loopers, fiitsers un femiiljen läip beläivt. Fan hum het man ook 'n môoj blik up d' stad. === Tjóóter un feranstalten === Dat näej Emder tjóóter is dat wichtiğst tjóóter fan d' stad. Hir wordent tjóóterstükken, kunserten, musicals un comedy-shows upfört. Fööl bekent künstlers uut Düütskland treedent hir up. Däi Noordseihâal is 'n grôot festhâal. Hir gift dat maarkten, sportferanstaltens un kunserten mit fööl taukiikers. Elker joer word't d'r dat internóósjoonóóel filmfest Emden-Nördernäj ofhollen. D'r bii wordent films uut häiel Euroopó weesen, fóók mit däi dorstellers of rezjissöören d'r mank. Dat is äien fan däi grôotst filmfesten in Noorddüütskland. === Anner uutfluğtsiilen === Däi Emder hóóven is 'n wichtiğ staddäil. Hir kan man grôot skeepen, króónen un lóógerhuusen säin. Dat gift rundforten mit boot döör 't hóóvenbekken. Däi hóóven is wichtiğ föör däi aautotransport un däi hannel. Däi delft is 'n wóóteraarm midden in d' stad. Häi wur frauer as hóóven bruukt. Fandóóeğ liegent hir museumsskeepen. Up d' wal fan d' delft gift dat fööl môoj oel huusen, restaaurants un kafees. [[File:OstfriesischesPlatt.png|thumb|Tóólkoert fan Oostfräisland]] In 't róódsdelft liğt dat fürskip Amrumbank/Deutsche Bucht. Häi wur frauer as swemmend fürtoorn bruukt un kan fandóóeğ besöcht worden. Ook dat seinoodreddensboot George Bräuseng is d'r t' säin. === Tradisjoon un tóól === Wat minsken in Emden prootent [[Wp/frs/Oostfräisk|Oostfräisk]]. Dat gift noch meer, däi Oostfräisk ferstóón köönent. Oostfräisk word't fóók in femiiljen, up maarkten of bii 't spöölen proot't. Däi stad is stolt up höör oostfräisk tradisjoonen, tau 'n biispil däi teekultüer. In fööl kafees word't tee up oostfräisk menäär serwäärt, mit kluntje un room. == Sport == [[File:EmbdenaStadionHaupttribuene.JPG|thumb|Oostfräisland-stóódjoon, hir daajt Kickers Emden spöölen]] === Fautbâal === Däi feräien [[Wp/frs/Kickers Emden|Kickers Emden]] wur in 't joer 1946 sticht't. Häi spöölt in 't Oostfräisland-stóódjon, dat plats föör ruuğweğ 7.200 taukiikers büd't. Kickers Emden was frauer sülst in d' dâard ligó aktiif. Fandóóeğ spöölt däi feräien in d' Reegjoonóólligó Noord, däi färdhôoğst ligó in Düütskland. === Wóótersport === Emden liğt an 't wóóter. D'r döör is wóótersport häil belangriik. Däi Emder roojferäien is äien fan däi oelst roojferäinen in d' reegjoon. Häi wur 1909 sticht't. Bii hum kan man dat roojen up d' slooden, knóólen un in d' hóóven leeren. Ook kaanuu- un kajakforten bünt möögelk. [[File:Flug Emden 2010 189.JPG|thumb|Dat Van-Ameren-bad in Borsem]] Dat gift meerder saajelferäinen in Emden. Up 't Lütje Meer (Hîiv) un Dullert kan man häil gaud saajeln. In Emden gift dat dat maudêern Van-Ameren-bad. 'N binnenbad mit sportbekken, sprungtoorns un saaunó. 'S sömmers is dat freilüchtbad Borsem läip beläivt. Hir kan man buuten swemmen, rutskern un spöölen. === Anner sportorden === Däi grôotst sportferäien in Emden is däi TV Borsem. Häi het fööl anbooden as turnen, atleetik, dansen, juudoo, handbâal un anner sportsorden. Emden is 'n fiitsstad. Fööl minsken forent mit rad nóó d' aarbaid, nóó d' skaul of bruukent höör fiits in d' freitiid. Dat gift fiitspóóden in d' stad un döör d' natüer. Ook zjoegen un walken is in Emden beläivt. Beläivt strekken sünt däi Emder Wâal, däi Knokster weğ of däi póóden langs däi däipen. == Wirtskaft== Emden is 'n industriijäel stad. Fööl minsken aarbaident in febrikken, in d' hóóven of in d' loogistik. Däi grôotst aarbaidsgeever in Emden is däi firmó [[Wp/frs/Volkswagen|Volkswagen]]. Dat VW-Waark Emden gift dat siit 1964. D'r wordent hoovdsóókelk aautos baaut - tau 'n biispil moodellen as däi Passat un ID. 7 ('n eelektrisk aauto). Dat waark is äien fan däi belangrîikst in [[Wp/frs/Düütskland|Düütskland]] un beskeftigt ruuğweğ 8000 minsken (stand: 2023 joren). Fööl anner aarbaidsplatsen hangent mit Volkswagen t'sóómen, tau 'n biispil däi tauleeverders of anner waarksteeden. Volkswagen inwestäärt ook in 't umbaauen up eelektrómoobiiliitäit. Dat waark in Emden spöölt d'r bii 'n grôot ruel. [[File:Flug Emden 2010 041.JPG|thumb|Emder hóóven]] Däi [[Wp/frs/Emder hóóven|Emder hóóven]] is äien fan däi grôotst düütsk sei-autooferlóódhóóven. Dat häit't: Hir wordent elker joer meerder hunnertduusend aautos up skeepen lóóden un in fööl lâan eksportäärt. Nóóst aautos wordent ook anner wooren in d' hóóven ferfracht't, soo as holt, baaustoffen, windkrachtdäilen of pepier. Däi hóóven is 'n wichtiğ stóósjoon föör d' import un eksport fan gauden. Däi hóóven het 'n grôot slüües. Disser ferbint dat hóóvenbekken mit däi oopen säj. Soo köönent ook grôot skeepen in- un uutforen. In d' ferleeden joren het sük Emden ook in d' fernäjerbor eenergiien undwikkelt. Oover d' hóóven wordent windkrachtanlóógen ferfracht't. Fööl däilen föör windróóden wordent hir undlóóden of ferskeept. Firmen in 't rebäit windkracht, sulaartechnik un umweerldtechnik hebbent sük in Emden dóóllóóten of aarbaident äeng mit anner unnerneemen t'sóómen. === Ferkeer === Emden is oover d' aautobóón A31 gaud mit dat stróótennet ferbunnen. Däi A31 led't fan Emden bit in 't Ruurgebiit. In d' nóóet begünt ook däi A28, däi nóó Ollenbörğ un Bräimen fört. Boovendeem gift dat fööl gaud uutbaaut landstróóten in âal richtens fan Oostfräisland. Däi binnenstad is ferkeersbedort un dat gift parkhuusen un busferbinnens. In Emden forent bussen in âal staddäilen. Däi Stadswaarken Emden (SWE) bedriivent däi busferkeer. [[File:Ostfriesland Verkehr-de.svg|thumb|Ferkeerskoert fan 't Oostfräisland mit stróótennet, bóónnet un feerferbinnens]] Emden is an dat bóónnet anbunnen. Fan d' Emder bóónhof forent tsüügen nóó: * [[Wp/frs/Nörddiik Môol|Nörddiik Môol]] * [[Wp/frs/Läär|Läär]] - [[Wp/frs/Ollenbörğ|Ollenbörğ]] - [[Wp/frs/Bräimen|Bräimen]] – [[Wp/frs/Hanoover|Hanoover]] * [[Wp/frs/Rheine|Rheine]] - [[Wp/frs/Münster|Münster]] - [[Wp/frs/Ruurgebiit|Ruurgebiit]] (oover d' Äimslandsträek) Dat gift ook däi bóónhof Emden Buutenhóóven, diirekt bii d' fêer föör dat ailand Börkem. Däi tsüügen nóó d' buutenhóóven forent as ailandbóón fan d' bóónhof. Fan däi buutenhóóven Emden forent reegelmóótiğ feeren nóó 't ailand [[Wp/frs/Börkem|Börkem]]. Dat gift grôot katamaróónen un grooterder aautofeeren. Däi fort dürt 1-2 stüen. Emden is 'n radstad. Däi weegen bünt mäist flak un dat gift fööl fiitspóóden, ook biisiids däi stróóten. Fööl minsken in Emden forent aldóógelk mit fiits nóó d' aarbaid of nóó d' skaul tau. [[Category:Wp/frs|*]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4174}} m4t4a6r9x9ma1dnbh6ni4n7h5apwk16 0 3165481 7386733 4939251 2026-11-10T09:18:53Z Revibot 1236611 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain]] to [[Wp/mnc/1ci jalan dain]] 7386733 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mnc/1ci jalan dain]] dmrlsecsvvvj54szykr3bi0m8txa9kl 0 3165482 7386738 4939253 2026-11-10T09:19:43Z Revibot 1236611 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Wp/mnc/juweci jalan jecen dain]] to [[Wp/mnc/2ci jalan dain]] 7386738 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mnc/2ci jalan dain]] ifidcd7zao9zlwctriv097ngrv3gd7i 0 3186917 7386601 5632358 2026-11-10T06:10:08Z Sekiyen 2692190 Sekiyen moved page [[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain]] to [[Wp/mnc/1ci jalan dain]] 5632358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Wp/mnc/name}}[[File:DC-1914-27-d-Sarajevo-cropped.jpg|thumb|Sarajevo i baita]] '''emuci jalan jecen dain''' (inggiri gisun : World War I, nikan gisun : 第一次世界大战) ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc/afan]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q361}} tff0nokbu1v1buwpwmdpog7x4mvqpva 7386603 7386601 2026-11-10T06:11:38Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Wp/mnc/name}}[[File:DC-1914-27-d-Sarajevo-cropped.jpg|thumb|Sarajevo i baita]] '''emuci jalan jecen dain''' (inggiri gisun : World War I, nikan gisun : 第一次世界大战) serengge [[Wp/mnc/Sarajevo baita|Sarajevo baita]] ci ilihe amba dain kai. doici semeran gurun geli oros, furangse i siden de afaha dain kai. ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc/afan]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q361}} pxfm6s4u45rbk0y05s4ijs6o5gjvdx1 7386604 7386603 2026-11-10T06:11:50Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Wp/mnc/name}}[[File:DC-1914-27-d-Sarajevo-cropped.jpg|thumb|Sarajevo i baita]] '''emuci jalan dain''' (inggiri gisun : World War I, nikan gisun : 第一次世界大战) serengge [[Wp/mnc/Sarajevo baita|Sarajevo baita]] ci ilihe amba dain kai. doici semeran gurun geli oros, furangse i siden de afaha dain kai. ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc/afan]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q361}} nzsjwl65a7pb50jgr5n8qgpgay0hi0y 0 3186918 7386599 5603804 2026-11-10T06:09:38Z Sekiyen 2692190 Sekiyen moved page [[Wp/mnc/juweci jalan jecen dain]] to [[Wp/mnc/2ci jalan dain]] 5603804 wikitext text/x-wiki '''juweci jalan jecen dain''' (inggiri gisun : World War 2, nihon gisun : 第二次世界大戦) ==daljingga== *[[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain|emuci jalan jecen dain]] ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q362}} okp2fi8vhgjp8pzt90qvxgwiw3lrlfc 7386606 7386599 2026-11-10T06:12:53Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''juweci jalan jecen dain''' (inggiri gisun : World War 2, nihon gisun : 第二次世界大戦) serengge nazi doici, semeran šunda, italia kecile gurun geli USA, inggiri, oros ishunde afaha amba dain kai. ==daljingga== *[[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain|emuci jalan jecen dain]] ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q362}} 37dptfemibp3sde8fp85stcdjeksl8w 7386608 7386606 2026-11-10T06:14:54Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386608 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Motherland Calls detail - Volgograd, October 2018.jpg|thumb|eme oros]] '''juweci jalan jecen dain''' (inggiri gisun : World War 2, nihon gisun : 第二次世界大戦) serengge nazi doici, semeran šunda, italia kecile gurun geli USA, inggiri, oros ishunde afaha amba dain kai. ==daljingga== *[[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain|emuci jalan jecen dain]] ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q362}} c2hui1zct8buzvxpyq9qxtvtgcx1p91 7386609 7386608 2026-11-10T06:15:51Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386609 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:1973 CPA 4208.jpg|thumb|stalingrad i afan be selgiyere eme oros subarhan]] '''juweci jalan jecen dain''' (inggiri gisun : World War 2, nihon gisun : 第二次世界大戦) serengge nazi doici, semeran šunda, italia kecile gurun geli USA, inggiri, oros ishunde afaha amba dain kai. ==daljingga== *[[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain|emuci jalan jecen dain]] ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q362}} nnair9u1cid0y3f59nwmwkh27j213pi 7386610 7386609 2026-11-10T06:17:08Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386610 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:EasternFrontWWIIcolage.png |thumb|dergi dain i tonggo]] '''juweci jalan jecen dain''' (inggiri gisun : World War 2, nihon gisun : 第二次世界大戦) serengge nazi doici, semeran šunda, italia kecile gurun geli USA, inggiri, oros ishunde afaha amba dain kai. ==daljingga== *[[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain|emuci jalan jecen dain]] ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q362}} nlg7tq24j3jk2y7ieyabwytda5umphp 7386612 7386610 2026-11-10T06:19:45Z Sekiyen 2692190 7386612 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:EasternFrontWWIIcolage.png |thumb|dergi dain i tonggo]] '''juweci jalan jecen dain''' (inggiri gisun : World War 2, nihon gisun : 第二次世界大戦) serengge nazi doici, semeran šunda, italia kecile gurun geli USA, inggiri, oros ishunde afaha amba dain kai. ==daljingga== *[[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain|emuci jalan jecen dain]] *[[Wp/mnc/Lyudmila Pavlichenko|Lyudmila Pavlichenko]] ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q362}} 6rsdwc0ci0nhh3spr4zp21jdkj92vff 7386613 7386612 2026-11-10T06:26:02Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386613 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:EasternFrontWWIIcolage.png |thumb|dergi dain i tonggo]] '''juweci jalan jecen dain''' (inggiri gisun : World War 2, šunda gisun : 第二次世界大戦) serengge nazi doici, šunda semeran gurun, italia kecile gurun geli USA, inggiri, oros ishunde afaha amba dain kai. ==daljingga== *[[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain|emuci jalan jecen dain]] *[[Wp/mnc/Lyudmila Pavlichenko|Lyudmila Pavlichenko]] ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q362}} 4d2uh1d5a85j31jlojiiw0o2u7na39a 0 3324020 7386298 6091056 2026-11-09T17:36:30Z Таёжный лес 2566317 7386298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|thumb]] [[File:Coat of arms of the Central African Republic.svg|thumb]] '''Aprîkiŋáŋ Kʉldɨŋáŋ Bārʉŋ''' túlékʉŋo yé ǎl sʉʉrʉ́rrɨ́ŋ bārʉ̂-ii, Aprîkiáŋ túle. Yé dog suŋŋáŋere debbetessi (walagal, sʉʉrʉ́ŋ a̱rɨtebes kurrâ) na sʉʉurʉŋ lóó asá yé jʉ́mel nii mitir 941 baaríŋírí. Nii 620,000 liri na asá kee gánníneŋ kwáŋ diigiŋ na mánii 4.4 mirini ná ayé 2008. Dééŋ deem kuri Baŋgé. Ɨ́dé namá rʉkkʉŋa kāɨŋ kí sāɨd ere, na kin namá koró jɨgɨrgɨ́gɨre tarrâŋ toŋa gé. In Aprîkiáŋ sabba dog-si ba̱nɨmitira kee. Deemaittîŋa kerŋa túléŋa namá Bouár, Zíŋga, na Ouáddagé. Dééŋ sabba sāɨdɨ́ŋ kina’ŋ ere Roosarab Ubáŋgi kee. Aprîkiáŋ Kʉldɨŋáŋ Bārʉ túlé kʉŋo'ŋ dɨo bárŋáŋ suŋŋâŋere kwǎ namá órréŋá Bánda na Báya kwǎ gé. Kwá nyettiŋíŋ belé namá Paránsâymaraŋ bá kwáittǎ gé ná bārʉŋáŋ belé Sáŋgo kírsiŋa. Na dog kwá suŋŋáŋ ere kɨ́eŋ pɨɨla yeeŋ kawye, maraŋ dog lóóŋá diŋáŋ órápôyti (tinne kurrâ kurâs ʉŋŋɨ ná kuy á kee ba) in namás ta̱rrɨŋ ʉ́ndʉl. Iprîkiáŋ Kʉldɨŋáŋ Bārʉ túlé kʉŋo dog si dǎimon, yoránium pʉrréŋ kʉ́lóŋá kee. Kin-sí namá julel, niná asá nyɨ̌re, bʉ́ʉ́n na baldaŋa leppéŋa bārʉŋá kerŋa-sí julel áláŋ soŋgoŋa piá. Rɨdɨn namá Paráŋŋi CFRA. USA Dollár 1, niipii 424.05 Paráŋá CFA. Bārʉ namá Parânsa kʉrɨŋ-lé jáá namaŋ ayé 1960, ǎlbá míŋ yé ditînjaari eŋa. [[Category:Wp/fvr]] {{INTERWIKI|Q929}} c3v5ta339otlwqnwsgwpruly31w2zql 3 3324029 7386739 5443439 2026-11-10T09:19:53Z Revibot 1236611 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[User talk:Central Avenue]] to [[User talk:Millennium Sterling]] 7386739 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Millennium Sterling]] 18iqumkcxt200s4dzccfe39gtunulcl 0 3355977 7386317 7233891 2026-11-09T18:46:57Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386317 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wayamain.wav|thumb|Médula asada del cardón]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Médula asada del cardón {{Wt/guc/en}} Roasted pith of ‘yosu’ cactus [[Category:Wt/guc]] bkn7q3neu6zawwrps4nbibyz5lumdp6 0 3357081 7386321 7233892 2026-11-09T18:49:56Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386321 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wajale1.wav|thumb|Yuca veneciana]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Yuca Venenosa {{Wt/guc/en}} poisonous yucca [[Category:Wt/guc]] b16mwbj9pvs5faygvc2dg5a9aos6mr0 0 3471687 7386582 6207994 2026-11-10T05:39:05Z Chersie06 2594754 7386582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon |fanmi=non |definisyon= Lang Yon moso vyann ki nan mitan boush anpil èt vivan tankou moun. Lang ede moun pwononse mo ki ap soti nan boush li e li kondi manje ale anba ranje dan moun. Yon konbinezon ant lèt, mo e son tout moun nan yon kominote, yon peyi konprann e yo itilize li pou kominike ant yo. Yon pati nan kle yon pòt ki rantre yon kote pou kenbe pòt la fèmen. |egzanp= Sentespri a desann sou apot yo nan lang dife. |sinonim= |kontrè= |menm non= |wè tou= |fr= Langue |en= |es= |de= |referans= |koutwazi= }} [[Category:Wt/ht]] 6a6ij09ynosjtf9l6aioypqiad33bh9 7386583 7386582 2026-11-10T05:39:29Z Chersie06 2594754 7386583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon |fanmi=non |definisyon= Lang Yon moso vyann ki nan mitan bouch anpil èt vivan tankou moun. Lang ede moun pwononse mo ki ap soti nan boush li e li kondi manje ale anba ranje dan moun. Yon konbinezon ant lèt, mo e son tout moun nan yon kominote, yon peyi konprann e yo itilize li pou kominike ant yo. Yon pati nan kle yon pòt ki rantre yon kote pou kenbe pòt la fèmen. |egzanp= Sentespri a desann sou apot yo nan lang dife. |sinonim= |kontrè= |menm non= |wè tou= |fr= Langue |en= |es= |de= |referans= |koutwazi= }} [[Category:Wt/ht]] p6nxjgpqzo02wdwnvk1mr7lnnaqhlsh 0 3473630 7386474 6215919 2026-11-10T02:34:34Z Chersie06 2594754 7386474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon |fanmi=non |definisyon= Kreye Fè yon bagay vini egziste pou premye fwa. Envante yon bagay. |egzanp= Nan kòmansman an, Bondye te kreye syèl la, tè a, lè a, dife ak dlo soti nan anyen; li menm tou li te kreye zanj yo ak limyè a, apre sa li te fè solèy la ak zetwal yo ke li te mete nan syèl la. |istwa= |sinonim= anjandre, fòme, provoke,pwodui, inove, reyalize, fabrike. |kontrè= |menm non= |wè tou= |fr= créer |en= create |es= crear |de= schaffen |referans= |koutwazi= }} [[Category:Wt/ht]] 4t0xdyl1h75dr1hpxl75b2iis1jvv6m 0 3473633 7386471 6215937 2026-11-10T02:32:30Z Chersie06 2594754 7386471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon |fanmi=non |definisyon= Kreyati, Tout bagay Bondye, moun kreye. |istwa= |sinonim= |kontrè= |menm non= |wè tou= |fr= Créature |en=creature |es= criatura |de= |referans= |koutwazi= }} [[Category:Wt/ht]] octytevrxodfqbxudhubn14i67xnuwe 7386472 7386471 2026-11-10T02:33:15Z Chersie06 2594754 7386472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon |fanmi=non |definisyon= Kreyati, Tout bagay Bondye, moun kreye. |istwa= |sinonim= |kontrè= |menm non= |wè tou= |fr= Créature |en=creature |es= criatura |de= |referans= |koutwazi= |egzanp=Jozafa toujou ap kreye aktivite.}} [[Category:Wt/ht]] 8m6f0h714vix8rd53lyar0mlaazmsc5 0 3473635 7386454 6215961 2026-11-10T02:21:26Z Chersie06 2594754 7386454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon |fanmi=non |definisyon= Kretyen Moun. Tout moun nan yon sosyete. Tout èt vivan ki gen entelijans, ki kapab devlope entelijans li e ki kapab refleshi. Moun ki sib tout prensip Jesi Kris yo. |istwa= |sinonim= |kontrè= |menm non= |wè tou= |fr= chrétien |en= christian |es= cristiano |de= Christ |referans= |koutwazi= }} [[Category:Wt/ht]] hy3ioh7cwln1brg4h9cknmiyuedgxjw 7386455 7386454 2026-11-10T02:22:03Z Chersie06 2594754 7386455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon |fanmi=non |definisyon= Kretyen Moun. Tout moun nan yon sosyete. Tout èt vivan ki gen entelijans, ki kapab devlope entelijans li e ki kapab reflechi. Moun ki sib tout prensip Jesi Kris yo. |istwa= |sinonim= |kontrè= |menm non= |wè tou= |fr= chrétien |en= christian |es= cristiano |de= Christ |referans= |koutwazi= }} [[Category:Wt/ht]] thafclfdgmwm0fzb9ogyjdgnvjousvq 7386456 7386455 2026-11-10T02:22:51Z Chersie06 2594754 7386456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon |fanmi=non |definisyon= Kretyen Moun. Tout moun nan yon sosyete. Tout èt vivan ki gen entelijans, ki kapab devlope entelijans li e ki kapab reflechi. Moun ki sib tout prensip Jesi Kris yo. |istwa= |sinonim= |kontrè= |menm non= |wè tou= |fr= chrétien |en= christian |es= cristiano |de= Christ |referans= |koutwazi= |egzanp=Papa se Jeziu l ap suiv.}} [[Category:Wt/ht]] 9g5vbpmmyw9h5v7fy4jugr7rb51uzt0 0 3490715 7386296 6278172 2026-11-09T17:33:42Z Таёжный лес 2566317 7386296 wikitext text/x-wiki Welcome to zarma wikiped. Foo nda kayan Zarma ciine wikipedia ra. Benvenue de wikipedia en langue zarma de Niger [[Category:Wp/dje]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} pahwbnvkdj4nq3a44z6d7zaislhf241 0 3506780 7386699 7231890 2026-11-10T08:48:24Z Baby juuu 2634254 7386699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q72764183}} '''Shuaibu Isa Lau''' (ŋji yanyi 27 hya kupou tan fa 1960) ŋdgya kra jo ih siyasa baji ɗa aga senator representing the Taraba North senatorial district or fa 2017. m ngja ni Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q72764183}} i30739vz8dn3w89o7twvy0vawbkzab5 7386700 7386699 2026-11-10T08:48:40Z Baby juuu 2634254 7386700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q72764183}} '''Shuaibu Isa Lau''' (ŋji yanyi 27 hya kupou tan fa 1960) ŋdgya kra jo ih siyasa baji ɗa aga senator representing the Taraba North senatorial district or fa 2017. memba ngja ni Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q72764183}} 7yqr17pnjpqbe76wd5uh1zdwm9dxqky 0 3510233 7386597 6341854 2026-11-10T06:05:27Z Sekiyen 2692190 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q698206]] 7386597 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gyeongsang Province (June 22, 1895).png|thumb|king šang colgo]] '''king šang colgo''' serengge [[Wp/mnc/solho|solho]] i dergi julergi bana de bisire emu colgo kai. encu gebu ememu dabagan i julergi de bisire jakade '''ling nan''' sembi. tere dabagan ya jaka sarkū. "king šang" sere gisun [[Wp/mnc/gao lii|gao lii]] i erin de emuci geli juweci amba algin bihe king jeo geli šang jeo be dahame gebu araha. amargi king šang colgo be ''daegu'' emgi '''TK''' (Taegu Kyeongbuk), julergi king šang colgo be ''busan'' emgi '''PK''' (Pusan Kyeongnam) sembi. julge silla i gemun ojoro [[Wp/mnc/king jeo hoton|king jeo hoton]] oci julge de ''seo ra beol'' seme hūlaha. manggi ere gisun šeo el (Seoul) oho. šeo el serengge solho gisun de gemun be sembi. solho de ambada labdu tucike bana kai. [[Wp/mnc/wen zai in|wen zai in]], [[Wp/mnc/gin da jung|gin da jung]] ci tulgiyen amba muru king šang colgo ci tucike. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q698206}} d72vezbc1xltew06w4soyn3agt6l8k1 0 3534705 7386540 6453934 2026-11-10T03:52:43Z Chersie06 2594754 7386540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lajan Kòb. Lò, lajan e anpil lòt metal leta prepare yon fason pou moun nan yon peyi, yon sosyete kapab ashte, shanje li kont sa yo bezwen. Nenpòt moso papye leta yon peyi mete an sikilasyon pou moun sèvi pou shanje kont sa yo|egzanp=dominik pa gen ase lajan pou l achte machin nan.}} 8i69sxdo3oi5jbjosjow283y8g2xp25 0 3534750 7386536 6453988 2026-11-10T03:47:34Z Chersie06 2594754 7386536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lagè Yon moman lè de gwoup politik, de gwoup militè ap goumen. Gè. Lè de diferan gwoup ap goumen, anpil moun ki pa nan gè a, timoun avèk fanm, kapab mouri tou.|egzanp=Peyi Izrayèl deklare lagè ak peyi Iran.}} 2o02xcsrrcxvqb29ebgm2tbn5lm2wua 2 3551427 7386266 6498776 2026-11-09T16:34:52Z ZNomadYT 2602993 7386266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userbox |id = [[File:Wikimedia logo family complete-current.svg|45px]] |id-c = #fff |info-c = #f6f6f6 |border-c = #bbb |border-s = 1 |info = [[Special:CentralAuth/ZNomadYT|This user]] has created a [[:meta:Help:Unified login|global account]]. ZNomadYT's main account is on [[wikipedia:User:ZNomadYT|Wikipedia]] {{in lang|en}} }} b7r6ccnv5tslqwg2avhihjqzax6jmje 0 3552395 7386732 7384651 2026-11-10T09:18:43Z Revibot 1236611 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲃ]] to [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ]] 7386732 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ]] tuhdif1j2ara7r0k8dbepaivt0oeyki 0 3613988 7386558 6707832 2026-11-10T04:45:43Z Chersie06 2594754 7386558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalo Yon ti pye bwa, yon legim, ki gen fèy glise e ki fè bon bouyon. Peyizan ayisyen kwit li plis, men gen kèk moun nan vil yo ki manje li tou.|egzanp=Jodia manman m kwit yon bon ti lalo.}} 8d9fr5dxp7l03z4a6tkb6cwcuha0tue 0 3615107 7386482 6714527 2026-11-10T02:42:39Z Chersie06 2594754 7386482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kribish Yon ti bèt ki viv nan dlo, ki kapab gen koulè blan, wouj, vè e li soti nan menm fanmiy avèk krab, oma. Li itilize senk pye dèyè li yo pou mashe. Li bay manje bon gou e moun itilize li pou kwit anpil manje tankou sòs.|egzanp=Papa m al peche kribich nan rivye a.}} jhd3n1rlf87ndsbfsopstwzlqapgyau 7386483 7386482 2026-11-10T02:43:24Z Chersie06 2594754 7386483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kribich Yon ti bèt ki viv nan dlo, ki kapab gen koulè blan, wouj, vè e li soti nan menm fanmiy avèk krab, oma. Li itilize senk pye dèyè li yo pou mashe. Li bay manje bon gou e moun itilize li pou kwit anpil manje tankou sòs.|egzanp=Papa m al peche kribich nan rivye a.}} t1ta7oijyoozlo79t5dk8el258xv3fs 7386484 7386483 2026-11-10T02:44:50Z Chersie06 2594754 7386484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kribich Yon ti bèt ki viv nan dlo, ki kapab gen koulè blan, wouj, vè e li soti nan menm fanmiy avèk krab, oma. Li itilize senk pye dèyè li yo pou mache. Li bay manje bon gou e moun itilize li pou kwit anpil manje tankou sòs.|egzanp=Papa m al peche kribich nan rivye a.}} mzvfpbi2ox7hlxa1zxmjp62vxz1h378 0 3615129 7386580 6714569 2026-11-10T05:36:04Z Chersie06 2594754 7386580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanfè Yon plas kote moun panse ki gen anpil tribilasyon e se Satan ki ap gouvène kote sa a. Yon plas tout moun relijye yo kwè ki egziste e se la tout moun ki pa sib prensip Bondye yo ap ale pou yo kapab pase penitans epi boule. Kwayans kèk moun genyen de lavi kèk moun ap viv sou tè a.|egzanp=Yo di si mwen pa aksepte jezi mwen pral boule nan lanfè.}} ftdp9hwi7v4g2mpp916g2w09ysspl8x 7386581 7386580 2026-11-10T05:36:57Z Chersie06 2594754 7386581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanfè Yon plas kote moun panse ki gen anpil tribilasyon e se Satan ki ap gouvène kote sa a. Yon plas tout moun relijye yo kwè ki egziste e se la tout moun ki pa sib prensip Bondye yo ap ale pou yo kapab pase penitans epi boule. Kwayans kèk moun genyen de lavi kèk moun ap viv sou tè a.|egzanp=Aksepte jezi pou pa al boule nan lanfè.}} 1e1fc5wjc123hr3wlz5lt90rkl4hzyb 0 3620391 7386691 6742317 2026-11-10T08:44:08Z Baby juuu 2634254 7386691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q4017957}} Walter Lima Jr. (nji yanyi 26 kupou tàn fà 1938) najà Brazilian film di and screenwriter. najà has directed 17 films since hearo 1965. najà 1969 film Brazil fà 2000 was entered into the 19th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won a Silver Bear.<ref>http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1969/03_preistr_ger_1969/03_Preistraeger_1969.html.</ref> ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4017957}} 2nydknrl39510bpcc7ol89n96sbuxlx 7386692 7386691 2026-11-10T08:44:26Z Baby juuu 2634254 7386692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q4017957}} Walter Lima Jr. (nji yanyi 26 kupou tàn fà 1938) najà Brazilian film directa and screenwriter. najà has directed 17 films since hearo 1965. najà 1969 film Brazil fà 2000 was entered into the 19th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won a Silver Bear.<ref>http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1969/03_preistr_ger_1969/03_Preistraeger_1969.html.</ref> ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4017957}} 2lktfp1q5obb853ltl48xhx7qonm0cz 0 3621036 7386697 7301561 2026-11-10T08:47:02Z Baby juuu 2634254 /* Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca */ 7386697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q10346528}} Paulo César Saraceni (5 kupou tan 1933 – 14 2012)[1] was a Brazilian film director and fudo screenwriter. He directed 14 films between 1960 and 2011. His 1999 film Traveller was entered into the 21st Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Special Mention.[2] ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== "Morre no Rio, aos 79 anos, o cineasta Paulo Cezar Saraceni". globo. Retrieved 24 March 2013. "21st Moscow International Film Festival (1999)". MIFF. Archived from the original on 22 March 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2013. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q10346528}} q8vpvb8qkcgvdvir1ggyytfild84xqg 7386698 7386697 2026-11-10T08:47:23Z Baby juuu 2634254 /* Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca */ 7386698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q10346528}} Paulo César Saraceni (5 kupou tan 1933 – 14 2012)[1] was a Brazilian film director and fudo screenwriter. He directed 14 films between 1960 and 2011. His 1999 film Traveller was entered into the 21st Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Special Mention.[2] ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== "Morre no Rio, aos 79 anos, o cineasta Paulo Cezar Saraceni". globo. Retrieved 24 March 2013. "21st Moscow International Film Festival (1999)". MIFF. Archived from the original on 22 March 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2013. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q10346528}} h8y6c1mwp879uisskknuq0ciq0y8ujx 0 3648665 7386690 6839382 2026-11-10T08:35:40Z MOIBARDE 2609392 7386690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diiwaan Oyo''' ko diiwaan gonɗo to Fombina-Hirnaange [[Wy/ff/Naajeeriya|Naajeeriya]], wuro Ibadan woni laamorgo mum. == Faama (understand) == Dowla Oyo sosaa ko e hitaande 1976 ummoraade e Dowla Hirnaange, ina jeyaa heen Dowla Ọsun, mo caggal mum feccii e hitaande 1991. Dowla Oyo ko homogenous, ɓuri hoɗde ko e leñol Yoruba en ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ndema kono ina njogii yiɗde hoɗde e nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe. Ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii ko Oyo en, Oke-Ogun en, Ibadan en, e Ibarapas en, kamɓe fof ɓe njeyaa ko e galle Yoruba en e wuro jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii e nder Afrik. [[Wy/ff/Ibadan|Ibadan]] wonnoo ko nokku njuɓɓudi Diiwaan Hirnaange ɓooyɗo gila e jamaanu laamu koloñaal Angalteer. == Naata (Get in) == == E laana ndiwoowa == Ibadan ina jogii laana ndiwoowa, ka laanaaji diwooje nder leydi tan kuutortoo. Ina waɗi diwooje ummortooɗe Abuja, Lagos e Ilorin. Ko Arik Air e ''Overland Airways'' ngoni laaɗe diwooje ɗiɗi gonɗe e laamorgo leydi Ibadan. 1 Laana ndiwoowa Ibadan. Ibadan AirportLaawol ɓurngol yaawde ngam naatde e nder diiwaan Oyo ko naatde e diiwaan Ibadan mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, kadi aɗa waawi naatde e diiwaan Oyo e nder diiwaan Ibadan, yahde e laana ndiwoowa ko laawol ɓurngol yaawde ngam naatde e diiwaan Oyo. == E nder laana ndiwoowa == Laawol kesol ɓurngol yaawde jokkondirngol e diiwaan Oyo e Lagos rewrude e Abeokuta udditaama e lewru Yarkomaa 2021. Ina wiyee wonde laawol ngol maa yaajne haa Kano. Gartirgol laana njoorndi kesol ngol woni ko e wuro Moniya, to woɗɗi to bannge worgo wuro ngoo, ɗum firti ko aɗa foti huutoraade oto walla taksi jokkondirɗo. 2 Gartirgol laana njoorndi Ibadan (18 km to fuɗnaange caka wuro). NR ma hokku nyalde fuu kuugal wartugo dow laabi, ngol ummoto Ibadan haa 8AM, e Lagos haa 4PM. Tikkeeji ɗii maa njoɓ ₦3000-6000. Faggudu- 2600. Kadi ko laawol naatde e nder Oyo State, Trains ina heewi kadi welde haa teeŋti noon fawaade e so aɗa woni e classe adannde, nde tawnoo aɗa waawi heɓde e nofru leeso, suudu, suudu safrirdu e suudu lootorde, e geɗe goɗɗe teskinɗe ngam waɗde yahdu maa no haanirta nii. Motor (Bus), Kala nokku e nder ngenndi ndii. Sosiyeteeji otooji keewɗi ko wayi no God Is Good Motors (GIGM), ABC Transport, Ifesinachi, e The Young Shall Grow ina ndokka ñalnde kala golle gila e ko famɗi fof gure mawɗe e nder leydi ndii haa e nder diiwaan Oyo, caggal ɗuum taksi ina naata e kala nokku mo njiɗ-ɗaa yillaade e nder diiwaan Oyo. (hesɗitinaama Dec 2021 | waylu) Gaa gaa otooji limtaaɗi dow ɗii, ina woodi kadi otooji gonɗi e kala nokku ɗo otooji ɗii ngoni e nder leydi ndii ɗi plys Oyo State, ko potɗaa waɗde tan ko yahde park, naatde e oto mo ɓurɗaa yiɗde e yahde Oyo State. == Yah yeeso (Go next) == [[Category:Wy/ff]] 7306qg9qtamk5f0qjmhiyp7i72m2say 0 3691402 7386319 6985926 2026-11-09T18:48:24Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386319 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kolompia.wav|thmb|Kolompia]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Colombia {{Wt/guc/en}} Colombia [[Category:Wt/guc]] 0xtx027f1a8u7txc82bc95f26n03hwa 7386320 7386319 2026-11-09T18:48:41Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386320 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kolompia.wav|thmb|Kolompia]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Colombia {{Wt/guc/en}} Colombia [[Category:Wt/guc]] kkutqrf682iiuvw02y1lwpoxiuvnlh1 0 3741495 7386757 7261687 2026-11-10T10:01:31Z Agung Harefa 2602921 Mamabali "onomatua" tobali "ono matua". 7386757 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Wb/nia/Buku/styles.css"/> <div class="buku"><poem> <!-- SURA TOU DA'A TEKS LAGU --> Tiu-tiu urongo li nangi Yaŵa ba zuzu hili Lö abölö-bölö ba hulö okafu si'ai Me urongo duriau akhi Nifasao dowi-towi Uwai hadia zalua me fao we'enia wamè li Ölau mofanö wö akhi Me lö latehedo niha hili So zomasi khöu akhi Ono matua mado Daeli Si no tehöngö teturia yefo nasi <!-- FO'ÖSI TEMPLAT ANDRE TOU. Na lö töi zamazökhi, fo'ösi N.N. --> </poem> {{Wb/nia/Lagu |samazökhi = Fati Zebua |lirik = |döfi = |url = |album = |sanunö = Ritueli Daeli |rekaman = |aransemen = }} <!-- RÖI TOU DA'A! BÖI BUNU --> == Fabaliŵa lala == {{Wb/nia/Bale zato}}</div> [[Category:Wb/nia]] [[Category:Wb/nia/Sinunö Pop]] [[Category:Wb/nia/Sinunö Pop Nias]] 7vjgk6nzslruew5q49xcc4ltqzi2cem 0 3743356 7386241 7114001 2026-11-09T13:27:25Z Ilja.mos 1605653 7386241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Intija''' on ihmisien miäräššä muajilman šuurin valtijo šuvisešša [[Wp/krl/Aasija|Aasija]]šša. Intian piäkieli on [[Wp/krl/Hindi|hindi]], a muašša paissah monie kielie, ta šiirtomua-aikana še kuulu [[Wp/krl/Yhistynyt kuninkaškunta|Yhistynyöllä kuninkaškunnalla]]. [[Category:Wp/krl]] f5qu5slgpga0e09kplf3k5vyizkb0rs 0 3743358 7386237 7114005 2026-11-09T13:25:48Z Ilja.mos 1605653 7386237 wikitext text/x-wiki Hindi on [[Wp/krl/Indoiranilaiset kielet|indoiranilaini kieli]], kumpaista paissah [[Wp/krl/Intija|Intija]]šša. [[Category:Wp/krl]] r1xu7l722nq3lp2r05nihfpnl3ek3kb 7386240 7386237 2026-11-09T13:26:58Z Ilja.mos 1605653 7386240 wikitext text/x-wiki Hindi on [[Wp/krl/Indoiranilaiset kielet|indoiranilaini kieli]], kumpaista paissah [[Wp/krl/Intija|Intijašša]]. [[Category:Wp/krl]] q3bpo3f87wg68djl2xfwiac5ij09u85 0 3744743 7386259 7264066 2026-11-09T16:18:07Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku yutskinta'al ts'íib 7386259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Popol vuh.jpg|thumb|Popol vuh]] Le okol k’uj ''maya'' yaan u yantal ya’ab k’ujilo’ob ku ya’alik u páajtal le ba’alo’ob tu yóok’ol kaab: le lu’um, le eek'o'obo' yéetel u k’iinilo’ob le kuxtal. Ti’ le ''maya''o’ob, le yóok’ol kaab ma’ k’áak’náab, ba’ale’ junp’éel junp’éel páajtalil ku ts’áantik le óol ki'ilich tu’ux ku beetik ja’, nal, k’iin yéetel u k’iintaj le máak. == k’ujilo’ob jach páaybe'en == Ichil le k’ujilo’ob jach páaybe'en yaan Chaac, k’ujil ja’ yéetel cháak, jach k’áan tu meyajil kool; yaan xan Kukulkán, kaan p’áak’al, ku ya’alik ik’, na’at yéetel k’exel; yéetel [[Wp/yua/Itsamna'|Itzamná]], juntúul k’ujil ku ts’áantik le yóok’ol kaab, ku ya’alik ka’an, na’at yéetel ts’íib. Le k’ujilo’ob ma’ jach najil, ba’ale’ ku yaantal ichil u kuxtal le máako’ob. Le ''maya''o’ob ku meyaj k'iinbesajo'ob, jo’oche’ yéetel ts’íib meyajo’ob tu ts’áantik junp’éel páajtalil yéetel le ki'ilich, tumen ku tukultik u utsilil le kaaj yaan tu yéetelil le siinan. Tak xan le ajawo’ob ku ya’alik bey u ts’áantik t’aan ichil le k’ujilo’ob yéetel le máako’ob. Le tsikbalo’ob ichil [[Wp/yua/Popol Vuh|Popol Vuh]] ku ya’alik bix le k’ujilo’ob tu beetaj le máako’ob, tu meyaj ya’ab bix tu k’uchul le máako’ob nal, ku ya’alik u jach yaantal u yéetelil le k’uj yéetel le lu’um. Tu láakal, le k’ujilo’ob mayao’ob ma’ chéen ku ya’alik tu’ux síij le yóok’ol kaab, ba’ale’ ku kaxtik u kuxtal le máako’ob, ku ya’alik le ba’alo’ob tu yóok’ol kaab yaan u yéetelil yéetel ku k’exel tuláakal k’iin.<gallery mode="nolines"> File:MyanRainGodChac0180Rot.jpg|Yumil Cháak File:13 Serpent Plumed Serpent.jpg|Kukulkán wa Quetzacóatl File:Stela detail depicting Ruler 2 at Dos Pilas.jpg|Itzamná File:Ritual de Cha chaac o petición maya de la lluvia.jpg|Cha’a Cháak File:NIB ÓOLAL.jpg|Nib óolal File:Tata sol.jpg|''Maya'' meyajil k’iinbesaj File:Nahualitos.jpg|Maya meyajil k’iinbesaj </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] dmtnbafgdo0ruvarzbqu6coc7ndjhce 0 3746882 7386306 7185935 2026-11-09T18:10:49Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku yutskinta'al ts'íib 7386306 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lunar libration with phase2.gif|thumb|Le Uj]] [[File:Cuando sale la Luna 2, British Museum.jpg|thumb|Le Uj yéetel le ko’olel]] Le '''uj'''o' leti’ jump’éel ki’ichkelem ba’al tu ka’an, ku ts’áaik u sáasil tu áak’ab yéetel ku yaantik u suut u k’iino’ob. Ti’ le ''máaya''’ob, le uj jach tu yéetel le ko’olel, u yáaxk’inal, u kuxlejal yéetel u beelil kuxtal. Jump’éel suut u uj ku ya’alik junp’éel k’iinil: u ch’íiknal, u nojochil, u k’exel yéetel u ts’o’okil. Le k’iino’ob ku ts’íibolil tu koolo’ob, tu k’áaxo’ob yéetel tu kuxtalil le máako’ob. == Tu yaalaj == Wa ku yilaaj le ''uj'' ichil jump’éel áak’ab jach sáasil, je u pajtal u náata bix ku yaantal u beelil le kuxtal, bey xan tu k’ajóoltajo’ob le ''máaya''’ob tu ya’ab k’iino’ob. [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Maaya miatsil]] [[Category:Wp/yua/U miatsil Yucatán]] ez5fssdob87hph5u8n6h72w6quwrv1z 7386332 7386306 2026-11-09T19:10:13Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386332 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lunar libration with phase2.gif|thumb|Le Uj]] [[File:Cuando sale la Luna 2, British Museum.jpg|thumb|Le Uj yéetel le ko’olel]] Le '''uj'''o' leti’ jump’éel ki’ichkelem ba’al tu ka’an, ku ts’áaik u sáasil tu áak’ab yéetel ku yaantik u suut u k’iino’ob. Ti’ le ''máaya''’ob, le uj jach tu yéetel le ko’olel, u yáaxk’inal, u kuxlejal yéetel u beelil kuxtal. Jump’éel suut u uj ku ya’alik junp’éel k’iinil: u ch’íiknal, u nojochil, u k’exel yéetel u ts’o’okil. Le k’iino’ob ku ts’íibolil tu koolo’ob, tu k’áaxo’ob yéetel tu kuxtalil le máako’ob. == Tu yaalaj == Wa ku yilaaj le ''uj'' ichil jump’éel áak’ab jach sáasil, je u pajtal u náata bix ku yaantal u beelil le kuxtal, bey xan tu k’ajóoltajo’ob le ''máaya''’ob tu ya’ab k’iino’ob.<gallery mode="nolines"> File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.7068.tif|''Nueva'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.2917.tif|''Creciente'' </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Maaya miatsil]] [[Category:Wp/yua/U miatsil Yucatán]] pvbr8394fwlr8r8o37svte66xt64ald 7386333 7386332 2026-11-09T19:11:25Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lunar libration with phase2.gif|thumb|Le Uj]] [[File:Cuando sale la Luna 2, British Museum.jpg|thumb|Le Uj yéetel le ko’olel]] Le '''uj'''o' leti’ jump’éel ki’ichkelem ba’al tu ka’an, ku ts’áaik u sáasil tu áak’ab yéetel ku yaantik u suut u k’iino’ob. Ti’ le ''máaya''’ob, le uj jach tu yéetel le ko’olel, u yáaxk’inal, u kuxlejal yéetel u beelil kuxtal. Jump’éel suut u uj ku ya’alik junp’éel k’iinil: u ch’íiknal, u nojochil, u k’exel yéetel u ts’o’okil. Le k’iino’ob ku ts’íibolil tu koolo’ob, tu k’áaxo’ob yéetel tu kuxtalil le máako’ob. == Tu yaalaj == Wa ku yilaaj le ''uj'' ichil jump’éel áak’ab jach sáasil, je u pajtal u náata bix ku yaantal u beelil le kuxtal, bey xan tu k’ajóoltajo’ob le ''máaya''’ob tu ya’ab k’iino’ob.<gallery mode="nolines"> File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.7068.tif|''Nueva'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.2917.tif|''Creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.5818.tif|''Cuarto creciente'' </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Maaya miatsil]] [[Category:Wp/yua/U miatsil Yucatán]] roc0gc551q4fe4p1wyokcp8xej0ukfm 7386334 7386333 2026-11-09T19:13:55Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386334 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lunar libration with phase2.gif|thumb|Le Uj]] [[File:Cuando sale la Luna 2, British Museum.jpg|thumb|Le Uj yéetel le ko’olel]] Le '''uj'''o' leti’ jump’éel ki’ichkelem ba’al tu ka’an, ku ts’áaik u sáasil tu áak’ab yéetel ku yaantik u suut u k’iino’ob. Ti’ le ''máaya''’ob, le uj jach tu yéetel le ko’olel, u yáaxk’inal, u kuxlejal yéetel u beelil kuxtal. Jump’éel suut u uj ku ya’alik junp’éel k’iinil: u ch’íiknal, u nojochil, u k’exel yéetel u ts’o’okil. Le k’iino’ob ku ts’íibolil tu koolo’ob, tu k’áaxo’ob yéetel tu kuxtalil le máako’ob. == Tu yaalaj == Wa ku yilaaj le ''uj'' ichil jump’éel áak’ab jach sáasil, je u pajtal u náata bix ku yaantal u beelil le kuxtal, bey xan tu k’ajóoltajo’ob le ''máaya''’ob tu ya’ab k’iino’ob.<gallery mode="nolines"> File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.7068.tif|''Nueva'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.2917.tif|''Creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.5818.tif|''Cuarto creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.3058.tif|''Gibosa creciente'' </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Maaya miatsil]] [[Category:Wp/yua/U miatsil Yucatán]] 2d3ft239ttroyel3wikeqvrrmrvs48y 7386335 7386334 2026-11-09T19:15:07Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lunar libration with phase2.gif|thumb|Le Uj]] [[File:Cuando sale la Luna 2, British Museum.jpg|thumb|Le Uj yéetel le ko’olel]] Le '''uj'''o' leti’ jump’éel ki’ichkelem ba’al tu ka’an, ku ts’áaik u sáasil tu áak’ab yéetel ku yaantik u suut u k’iino’ob. Ti’ le ''máaya''’ob, le uj jach tu yéetel le ko’olel, u yáaxk’inal, u kuxlejal yéetel u beelil kuxtal. Jump’éel suut u uj ku ya’alik junp’éel k’iinil: u ch’íiknal, u nojochil, u k’exel yéetel u ts’o’okil. Le k’iino’ob ku ts’íibolil tu koolo’ob, tu k’áaxo’ob yéetel tu kuxtalil le máako’ob. == Tu yaalaj == Wa ku yilaaj le ''uj'' ichil jump’éel áak’ab jach sáasil, je u pajtal u náata bix ku yaantal u beelil le kuxtal, bey xan tu k’ajóoltajo’ob le ''máaya''’ob tu ya’ab k’iino’ob.<gallery mode="nolines"> File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.7068.tif|''Nueva'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.2917.tif|''Creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.5818.tif|''Cuarto creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.3058.tif|''Gibosa creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.3156.tif|''Llena'' </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Maaya miatsil]] [[Category:Wp/yua/U miatsil Yucatán]] 2h1gmqxpkujgreipg62cjb29562u0np 7386336 7386335 2026-11-09T19:16:11Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386336 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lunar libration with phase2.gif|thumb|Le Uj]] [[File:Cuando sale la Luna 2, British Museum.jpg|thumb|Le Uj yéetel le ko’olel]] Le '''uj'''o' leti’ jump’éel ki’ichkelem ba’al tu ka’an, ku ts’áaik u sáasil tu áak’ab yéetel ku yaantik u suut u k’iino’ob. Ti’ le ''máaya''’ob, le uj jach tu yéetel le ko’olel, u yáaxk’inal, u kuxlejal yéetel u beelil kuxtal. Jump’éel suut u uj ku ya’alik junp’éel k’iinil: u ch’íiknal, u nojochil, u k’exel yéetel u ts’o’okil. Le k’iino’ob ku ts’íibolil tu koolo’ob, tu k’áaxo’ob yéetel tu kuxtalil le máako’ob. == Tu yaalaj == Wa ku yilaaj le ''uj'' ichil jump’éel áak’ab jach sáasil, je u pajtal u náata bix ku yaantal u beelil le kuxtal, bey xan tu k’ajóoltajo’ob le ''máaya''’ob tu ya’ab k’iino’ob.<gallery mode="nolines"> File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.7068.tif|''Nueva'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.2917.tif|''Creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.5818.tif|''Cuarto creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.3058.tif|''Gibosa creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.3156.tif|''Llena'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.7527.tif|Gibosa menguante </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Maaya miatsil]] [[Category:Wp/yua/U miatsil Yucatán]] 6ip1ffhiyghupjprjyk78eq1f2gb0cr 7386338 7386336 2026-11-09T19:17:22Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386338 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lunar libration with phase2.gif|thumb|Le Uj]] [[File:Cuando sale la Luna 2, British Museum.jpg|thumb|Le Uj yéetel le ko’olel]] Le '''uj'''o' leti’ jump’éel ki’ichkelem ba’al tu ka’an, ku ts’áaik u sáasil tu áak’ab yéetel ku yaantik u suut u k’iino’ob. Ti’ le ''máaya''’ob, le uj jach tu yéetel le ko’olel, u yáaxk’inal, u kuxlejal yéetel u beelil kuxtal. Jump’éel suut u uj ku ya’alik junp’éel k’iinil: u ch’íiknal, u nojochil, u k’exel yéetel u ts’o’okil. Le k’iino’ob ku ts’íibolil tu koolo’ob, tu k’áaxo’ob yéetel tu kuxtalil le máako’ob. == Tu yaalaj == Wa ku yilaaj le ''uj'' ichil jump’éel áak’ab jach sáasil, je u pajtal u náata bix ku yaantal u beelil le kuxtal, bey xan tu k’ajóoltajo’ob le ''máaya''’ob tu ya’ab k’iino’ob.<gallery mode="nolines"> File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.7068.tif|''Nueva'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.2917.tif|''Creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.5818.tif|''Cuarto creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.3058.tif|''Gibosa creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.3156.tif|''Llena'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.7527.tif|Gibosa menguante File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.6154.tif|''Cuarto menguante'' </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Maaya miatsil]] [[Category:Wp/yua/U miatsil Yucatán]] djfbff2tem7ib9na56n8rwuhzyxyt7m 7386339 7386338 2026-11-09T19:25:04Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386339 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lunar libration with phase2.gif|thumb|Le ''uj''o']] [[File:Lunar-Phase-Diagram-ms.png|thumb|U suutulilo’ob]] Le '''uj'''o' leti’ jump’éel ki’ichkelem ba’al tu ka’an, ku ts’áaik u sáasil tu áak’ab yéetel ku yaantik u suut u k’iino’ob. Ti’ le ''máaya''’ob, le uj jach tu yéetel le ko’olel, u yáaxk’inal, u kuxlejal yéetel u beelil kuxtal. Jump’éel suut u uj ku ya’alik junp’éel k’iinil: u ch’íiknal, u nojochil, u k’exel yéetel u ts’o’okil. Le k’iino’ob ku ts’íibolil tu koolo’ob, tu k’áaxo’ob yéetel tu kuxtalil le máako’ob. == Tu yaalaj == Wa ku yilaaj le ''uj'' ichil jump’éel áak’ab jach sáasil, je u pajtal u náata bix ku yaantal u beelil le kuxtal, bey xan tu k’ajóoltajo’ob le ''máaya''’ob tu ya’ab k’iino’ob.<gallery mode="nolines"> File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.7068.tif|''Nueva'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.2917.tif|''Creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.5818.tif|''Cuarto creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.3058.tif|''Gibosa creciente'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.3156.tif|''Llena'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.7527.tif|Gibosa menguante File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.6154.tif|''Cuarto menguante'' File:Moon Phase and Libration, 2025 – Moon.5503.tif|''Menguante'' </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Maaya miatsil]] [[Category:Wp/yua/U miatsil Yucatán]] cj6nevlrlcf9iuzs1evn5rz85vfn0or 0 3747196 7386342 7282290 2026-11-09T19:47:28Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku yutskinta'al ts'íib 7386342 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LasiguanabaBARANA.jpg|thumb|Jump’éel u yóok’olal tsikbalil jach jejeláas chéen ba’ale’ je’el bix ''Xtabay'', leti’e’ Siguanaba, k’ajóola’an tu noj kaajil ''Guatemala'' yéetel ''El Salvador'']] [[File:14. Monumento a la X´tabay.jpg|thumb|''Monumento'' a la Xtabay, ''Mérida, Yucatán'']][[File:Yáaxché, kúuchil tu kuxtal le Xtabay.jpg|thumb|Yáaxché, kúuchil tu kuxtal le ''Xtabay''o']] '''''Le'' Xtáabay'''o' jump'éel tsikbal k'ajóolta'an ichil u petenil u lu'umil ''Yucatán'', ku ya'alale' juntúul ko’olel jach ki’ichpan, yéetel ku bisik kala'an xiibo'ob ti' yano'ob k'íiwik ichil áak'abile'. Yaan máax a'alike' iik', yáan máax a'alike' u piixan juntúul ko'olel ku máan chéen beyo' yaan máax a'alik xane' juntúul chay kaan. == Tu'ux ku yila'al == Jejeláas tu'ux ku yila'al le ''Xtáabay''o', yaan k'iine' ku tsikbalta'ale' tu'ux yaan junkúul u che'il xya'axche', wa tu'ux yaan u kúuk tsakam, wa tu'ux yaan máax ka'alan, beyxan chéen ichil yaan k'áax. Ku ya'alale' le máax ku bisa'al tumeen ''Xtáabay''e' ku kuchik iik', le bin ken aajko'ob wa le ken suunak tu yóolo'obe' ti' yano'ob ich k'áaxe' wa yáanal junkúul xya'axche'. Le kolnáalo'obo' ku ya’aliko'obe' wa tu wu’uyaa u t’a'an ichil áak’abe' ma’ u núukaa tumeen yaan k'iine' leti' le ''Xtáabay'' ku t'aan. == Tsikbalil ''Xtáabay'' == Le ka máan le k'iino'obo', k'aak'as ko'olele' kíimij, ba'ale' tu muknale' ti' bin jóok' junkúul xtabentuni', ki'ibok u loolilo'ob bin, ba'ale' le ka kíin uts ko'olele', tu muknale' jóok' junkúul tsakan, ya'ab u k'i'ixelo'ob, ku ya'alal túune' ikil u pixan tu yilaj ba'ax jóok' le ka'a kíime' ka jo'op' u jóok'ol u bis xiibo'ob, bey suunajik ''Xtáabay''ilo'. * Ya'ab jejeláas tsikbalilo'ob yaan yo'olal ''Xtáabay'', yaan tu'uxe' ku ya'alal juntúul xki'ichpan ko'olel ku jóok'ol, yaan k'iine' ku yilaa bey máax jats'uts a wilike', u watan wa uláak' xki'ichpan ko'olel, ku ya'alale' wa ku yáak'abtaltech ma' unaj u máan tu juunali', tumeen ku jóok'ol tu beel, ku bisaa ich k'áax, le ken aajkeche' ku yilaa yáanal tsakam yanech. * Uláak' tsikbalile', ku ya'alale' ku jóok'ol ti' u kúul xya'axche', wa bin ku wilaa polok u che'il le xya'axche'o' yaan u ''Xtáabay''il, ba'ale' le je'ela' ku tsikbaltale', chéen tuusil, ba'ale' káaj u yantal u muuk' ka k'uch le káastelan wíiniko'obo' wey tu petenil Y''ucatan''e', tumeen bin tu yilo'ob ichil maaya kaaje' le xya'axche'o' jump'éel kili'ich che', tumeen ti' leti'obe' ku ye'esik le lu'um tu'ux kuxukbalo'ona', yo'olal túune', tu suto'ob bey jump'éel k'aak'as che', ka'aj tu ya'alo'obe' ichil áak'abe' ku jóok'ol juntúul xkáakbach ko'olel, ka'aj jo'olpaat u k'aaba'e' ''Xtáabay''. * Uláak' tsikbal ku ya'alal yo'olal le ''Xtáabay''a', le je'ela' ka'atúul kiiko'ob bin, juntúule' uts ko'olel u k'aaba' uláak'e' k'aak'as ko'olel, ku ya'alale' le ku ya'alal uts ko'olelo', ma'atech u jóok'ol tu yotoch, ba'ale' ma' xan ku yáantik mixmáak, tumeen ku ya'alike' ba'ax ti'al ken u beetej ma' bin u talam uti'ali', le ku ya'alal k'aak'as ko'olelo', leti'e' jach ku jóok'ol, jach ku bisikubáaj yéetel u ya'abil le kaajo', ts'o'okole' ku yáantik máax k'a'abet bin, ba'ale' le kaajo' ma' uts yilik le je'ela' ka jo'op' u tsikbaltale' ku chital yéetel ya'ab xiibo'ob. [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/U miatsil Yucatán]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8045027}} b3c4gfuarfdgqehxh1y0v5k3zw4i08s 0 3747571 7386206 7127892 2026-11-09T12:22:41Z Cefena J 2632258 7386206 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Jaku Iban== ===Reti=== ====Jaku adjektif==== {{Wt/iba/head|iba|jaku adjektif}} # ngelu pala; sebening pala #: {{Wt/iba/ux|iba|' '''Belebigau''' pala aku sepengudah ngelaban mata panas maya bedarat ari sekula pulai ke rumah ' ko Janu. }} [[Category:Wt/iba]] 4x6cquzrgxcpo7kej191082fp18tego 7386207 7386206 2026-11-09T12:23:01Z Cefena J 2632258 7386207 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Jaku Iban== ===Reti=== ====Jaku adjektif==== {{Wt/iba/head|iba|jaku adjektif}} # ngelu pala; sebening pala #: {{Wt/iba/ux|iba| '''Belebigau''' pala aku sepengudah ngelaban mata panas maya bedarat ari sekula pulai ke rumah ' ko Janu. }} [[Category:Wt/iba]] djo2zi46475slogql51d1cp4wfofmqb 3 3768710 7386246 7178235 2026-11-09T14:15:33Z Manchiu 1217165 Manchiu moved page [[User talk:Nachaenghyo]] to [[User talk:Renamed user 51dbec113f1d8f86b87bcdeeea82d09a]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Nachaenghyo|Nachaenghyo]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 51dbec113f1d8f86b87bcdeeea82d09a|Renamed user 51dbec113f1d8f86b87bcdeeea82d09a]]" 7178235 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 15:08, 14 May 2026 (UTC) koc9dqg6i8sc00wd3wjotq0wjzhsl0k 0 3780021 7386377 7264229 2026-11-09T20:48:22Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386377 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Le''' '''aj meyaj chúuk''' (''carbón)'' wa ''carbonero'' ''máaya'' leti’ le máak ku beetik chúuk ''vegetal'' tu suukil ichil ya’ab kaajo’ob ''máaya'' tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]'' yéetel tu láak’ lu’umo’ob tu nohol ''[[Wp/yua/México|México]]''. Le meyajo’ ku beetik yéetel che’ ku cha’ak’al, ku múuch’ul ichil ''horno'' ti’ lu’um, ka táan u k’áaxal yéetel ma’ ya’ab ik’ ti’al u suutul bey chúuk. Le na’ata’ ku máan tumen yuum, na’ yéetel nojoch máako’ob tu yáanal ja’abilo’ob. ''Le aj chúuk'' k’a’abéet u ya’ab na’at ti’al u kanáantik le k’áak’o’ yéetel u chúuk ma’alob. Bejla’e’ yaan ''máaya'' kaajo’ob ku meyajtik chúuk yéetel u k’áat chi’ ma’alob u kanáantik le k’áaxo’ yéetel u lu’umil, ka ku kanáantik xan le úuchben suukilo’. == U meyajil u beetaal le chúuko' == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Charcoal Pile Gánt 2011 1.jpg File:Fåde drovoes.jpg File:Charcoal (8227051730).jpg File:Charcoal Trade Timebomb.jpg File:Charcoal 777.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] ffwv15n55tmo8o6ysrzz150v3org5fx 7386379 7386377 2026-11-09T20:50:48Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386379 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ogatan(JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal).jpg|thumb|Chúuk]] '''Le''' '''aj meyaj chúuk''' (''carbón)'' wa ''carbonero'' ''máaya'' leti’ le máak ku beetik chúuk ''vegetal'' tu suukil ichil ya’ab kaajo’ob ''máaya'' tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]'' yéetel tu láak’ lu’umo’ob tu nohol ''[[Wp/yua/México|México]]''. Le meyajo’ ku beetik yéetel che’ ku cha’ak’al, ku múuch’ul ichil ''horno'' ti’ lu’um, ka táan u k’áaxal yéetel ma’ ya’ab ik’ ti’al u suutul bey chúuk. Le na’ata’ ku máan tumen yuum, na’ yéetel nojoch máako’ob tu yáanal ja’abilo’ob. ''Le aj chúuk'' k’a’abéet u ya’ab na’at ti’al u kanáantik le k’áak’o’ yéetel u chúuk ma’alob. Bejla’e’ yaan ''máaya'' kaajo’ob ku meyajtik chúuk yéetel u k’áat chi’ ma’alob u kanáantik le k’áaxo’ yéetel u lu’umil, ka ku kanáantik xan le úuchben suukilo’. == U meyajil u beetaal le chúuko' == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Fåde trô tchmineye.jpg File:Charcoal Pile Gánt 2011 1.jpg File:Fåde drovoes.jpg File:Charcoal (8227051730).jpg File:Charcoal Trade Timebomb.jpg File:Charcoal 777.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] rvxl2iem7kq0d53c4zn8qolg00d1bsk 7386381 7386379 2026-11-09T20:52:20Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386381 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ogatan(JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal).jpg|thumb|Chúuk]] '''Le''' '''aj meyaj chúuk''' (''carbón)'' wa ''carbonero'' ''máaya'' leti’ le máak ku beetik chúuk ''vegetal'' tu suukil ichil ya’ab kaajo’ob ''máaya'' tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]'' yéetel tu láak’ lu’umo’ob tu nohol ''[[Wp/yua/México|México]]''. Le meyajo’ ku beetik yéetel che’ ku cha’ak’al, ku múuch’ul ichil ''horno'' ti’ lu’um, ka táan u k’áaxal yéetel ma’ ya’ab ik’ ti’al u suutul bey chúuk. Le na’ata’ ku máan tumen yuum, na’ yéetel nojoch máako’ob tu yáanal ja’abilo’ob. ''Le aj chúuk'' k’a’abéet u ya’ab na’at ti’al u kanáantik le k’áak’o’ yéetel u chúuk ma’alob. Bejla’e’ yaan ''máaya'' kaajo’ob ku meyajtik chúuk yéetel u k’áat chi’ ma’alob u kanáantik le k’áaxo’ yéetel u lu’umil, ka ku kanáantik xan le úuchben suukilo’. == U meyajil u beetaal le chúuko' == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Fåde trô tchmineye.jpg File:Charcoal Pile Gánt 2011 1.jpg File:Fåde drovoes.jpg File:Charcoal (8227051730).jpg File:Unité de fabrication de charbon de bois 17.jpg File:Charcoal Trade Timebomb.jpg File:Charcoal 777.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] bb49xtk2o5rnoedsmo7gs02nh1f1y4p 7386383 7386381 2026-11-09T20:54:25Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386383 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ogatan(JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal).jpg|thumb|Chúuk]] '''Le''' '''aj meyaj chúuk''' (''carbón)'' wa ''carbonero'' ''máaya'' leti’ le máak ku beetik chúuk ''vegetal'' tu suukil ichil ya’ab kaajo’ob ''máaya'' tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]'' yéetel tu láak’ lu’umo’ob tu nohol ''[[Wp/yua/México|México]]''. Le meyajo’ ku beetik yéetel che’ ku cha’ak’al, ku múuch’ul ichil ''horno'' ti’ lu’um, ka táan u k’áaxal yéetel ma’ ya’ab ik’ ti’al u suutul bey chúuk. Le na’ata’ ku máan tumen yuum, na’ yéetel nojoch máako’ob tu yáanal ja’abilo’ob. ''Le aj chúuk'' k’a’abéet u ya’ab na’at ti’al u kanáantik le k’áak’o’ yéetel u chúuk ma’alob. Bejla’e’ yaan ''máaya'' kaajo’ob ku meyajtik chúuk yéetel u k’áat chi’ ma’alob u kanáantik le k’áaxo’ yéetel u lu’umil, ka ku kanáantik xan le úuchben suukilo’. == U meyajil u beetaal le chúuko' == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Fåde trô tchmineye.jpg File:Charcoal Pile Gánt 2011 1.jpg File:Fåde drovoes.jpg File:Charcoal (8227051730).jpg File:Unité de fabrication de charbon de bois 17.jpg File:Charcoal Trade Timebomb.jpg File:Charcoal 777.jpg </gallery> == U meyajilo’ob == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Charcoal Toothpaste.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] dvtyw9moax0iu4cpbx6b52lzzdjy19e 7386384 7386383 2026-11-09T20:55:13Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386384 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ogatan(JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal).jpg|thumb|Chúuk]] '''Le''' '''aj meyaj chúuk''' (''carbón)'' wa ''carbonero'' ''máaya'' leti’ le máak ku beetik chúuk ''vegetal'' tu suukil ichil ya’ab kaajo’ob ''máaya'' tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]'' yéetel tu láak’ lu’umo’ob tu nohol ''[[Wp/yua/México|México]]''. Le meyajo’ ku beetik yéetel che’ ku cha’ak’al, ku múuch’ul ichil ''horno'' ti’ lu’um, ka táan u k’áaxal yéetel ma’ ya’ab ik’ ti’al u suutul bey chúuk. Le na’ata’ ku máan tumen yuum, na’ yéetel nojoch máako’ob tu yáanal ja’abilo’ob. ''Le aj chúuk'' k’a’abéet u ya’ab na’at ti’al u kanáantik le k’áak’o’ yéetel u chúuk ma’alob. Bejla’e’ yaan ''máaya'' kaajo’ob ku meyajtik chúuk yéetel u k’áat chi’ ma’alob u kanáantik le k’áaxo’ yéetel u lu’umil, ka ku kanáantik xan le úuchben suukilo’. == U meyajil u beetaal le chúuko' == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Fåde trô tchmineye.jpg File:Charcoal Pile Gánt 2011 1.jpg File:Fåde drovoes.jpg File:Charcoal (8227051730).jpg File:Unité de fabrication de charbon de bois 17.jpg File:Charcoal Trade Timebomb.jpg File:Charcoal 777.jpg </gallery> == U meyajilo’ob == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Charcoal broiled Ayu.JPG File:Charcoal Toothpaste.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] bqb2gdc14m5gwdhnai4mlj2o6wsipys 7386385 7386384 2026-11-09T20:56:06Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386385 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ogatan(JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal).jpg|thumb|Chúuk]] '''Le''' '''aj meyaj chúuk''' (''carbón)'' wa ''carbonero'' ''máaya'' leti’ le máak ku beetik chúuk ''vegetal'' tu suukil ichil ya’ab kaajo’ob ''máaya'' tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]'' yéetel tu láak’ lu’umo’ob tu nohol ''[[Wp/yua/México|México]]''. Le meyajo’ ku beetik yéetel che’ ku cha’ak’al, ku múuch’ul ichil ''horno'' ti’ lu’um, ka táan u k’áaxal yéetel ma’ ya’ab ik’ ti’al u suutul bey chúuk. Le na’ata’ ku máan tumen yuum, na’ yéetel nojoch máako’ob tu yáanal ja’abilo’ob. ''Le aj chúuk'' k’a’abéet u ya’ab na’at ti’al u kanáantik le k’áak’o’ yéetel u chúuk ma’alob. Bejla’e’ yaan ''máaya'' kaajo’ob ku meyajtik chúuk yéetel u k’áat chi’ ma’alob u kanáantik le k’áaxo’ yéetel u lu’umil, ka ku kanáantik xan le úuchben suukilo’. == U meyajil u beetaal le chúuko' == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Fåde trô tchmineye.jpg File:Charcoal Pile Gánt 2011 1.jpg File:Fåde drovoes.jpg File:Charcoal (8227051730).jpg File:Unité de fabrication de charbon de bois 17.jpg File:Charcoal Trade Timebomb.jpg File:Charcoal 777.jpg </gallery> == U meyajilo’ob == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Charcoal broiled Ayu.JPG File:Charcoal Steak.jpg File:Charcoal Toothpaste.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] mtv4erzmzyts7j2jyi5bqa2l2a8jzau 7386387 7386385 2026-11-09T20:56:40Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386387 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ogatan(JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal).jpg|thumb|Chúuk]] '''Le''' '''aj meyaj chúuk''' (''carbón)'' wa ''carbonero'' ''máaya'' leti’ le máak ku beetik chúuk ''vegetal'' tu suukil ichil ya’ab kaajo’ob ''máaya'' tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]'' yéetel tu láak’ lu’umo’ob tu nohol ''[[Wp/yua/México|México]]''. Le meyajo’ ku beetik yéetel che’ ku cha’ak’al, ku múuch’ul ichil ''horno'' ti’ lu’um, ka táan u k’áaxal yéetel ma’ ya’ab ik’ ti’al u suutul bey chúuk. Le na’ata’ ku máan tumen yuum, na’ yéetel nojoch máako’ob tu yáanal ja’abilo’ob. ''Le aj chúuk'' k’a’abéet u ya’ab na’at ti’al u kanáantik le k’áak’o’ yéetel u chúuk ma’alob. Bejla’e’ yaan ''máaya'' kaajo’ob ku meyajtik chúuk yéetel u k’áat chi’ ma’alob u kanáantik le k’áaxo’ yéetel u lu’umil, ka ku kanáantik xan le úuchben suukilo’. == U meyajil u beetaal le chúuko' == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Fåde trô tchmineye.jpg File:Charcoal Pile Gánt 2011 1.jpg File:Fåde drovoes.jpg File:Charcoal (8227051730).jpg File:Unité de fabrication de charbon de bois 17.jpg File:Charcoal Trade Timebomb.jpg File:Charcoal 777.jpg </gallery> == U meyajilo’ob == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Charcoal broiled Ayu.JPG File:Charcoal Steak.jpg File:Charcoal Toothpaste.jpg File:Charcoal 20230810 184556.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] fmsb77jp9yp6kor6cgu1hvmnhnyasw7 7386388 7386387 2026-11-09T20:57:23Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386388 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ogatan(JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal).jpg|thumb|Chúuk]] '''Le''' '''aj meyaj chúuk''' (''carbón)'' wa ''carbonero'' ''máaya'' leti’ le máak ku beetik chúuk ''vegetal'' tu suukil ichil ya’ab kaajo’ob ''máaya'' tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]'' yéetel tu láak’ lu’umo’ob tu nohol ''[[Wp/yua/México|México]]''. Le meyajo’ ku beetik yéetel che’ ku cha’ak’al, ku múuch’ul ichil ''horno'' ti’ lu’um, ka táan u k’áaxal yéetel ma’ ya’ab ik’ ti’al u suutul bey chúuk. Le na’ata’ ku máan tumen yuum, na’ yéetel nojoch máako’ob tu yáanal ja’abilo’ob. ''Le aj chúuk'' k’a’abéet u ya’ab na’at ti’al u kanáantik le k’áak’o’ yéetel u chúuk ma’alob. Bejla’e’ yaan ''máaya'' kaajo’ob ku meyajtik chúuk yéetel u k’áat chi’ ma’alob u kanáantik le k’áaxo’ yéetel u lu’umil, ka ku kanáantik xan le úuchben suukilo’. == U meyajil u beetaal le chúuko' == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Fåde trô tchmineye.jpg File:Charcoal Pile Gánt 2011 1.jpg File:Fåde drovoes.jpg File:Charcoal (8227051730).jpg File:Unité de fabrication de charbon de bois 17.jpg File:Charcoal Trade Timebomb.jpg File:Charcoal 777.jpg </gallery> == U meyajilo’ob == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Charcoal broiled Ayu.JPG File:Charcoal Steak.jpg File:Charcoal Toothpaste.jpg File:Charcoal 20230810 184556.jpg File:Charcoal iron(Kenya) 02.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] i4i12uun722das4kotkjtur15gplueq 7386389 7386388 2026-11-09T20:58:53Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku ts'a'abal jump'éel oochel 7386389 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ogatan(JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal).jpg|thumb|Chúuk]] '''Le''' '''aj meyaj chúuk''' (''carbón)'' wa ''carbonero'' ''máaya'' leti’ le máak ku beetik chúuk ''vegetal'' tu suukil ichil ya’ab kaajo’ob ''máaya'' tu lu’umil ''[[Wp/yua/Yucatán|Yucatán]]'' yéetel tu láak’ lu’umo’ob tu nohol ''[[Wp/yua/México|México]]''. Le meyajo’ ku beetik yéetel che’ ku cha’ak’al, ku múuch’ul ichil ''horno'' ti’ lu’um, ka táan u k’áaxal yéetel ma’ ya’ab ik’ ti’al u suutul bey chúuk. Le na’ata’ ku máan tumen yuum, na’ yéetel nojoch máako’ob tu yáanal ja’abilo’ob. ''Le aj chúuk'' k’a’abéet u ya’ab na’at ti’al u kanáantik le k’áak’o’ yéetel u chúuk ma’alob. Bejla’e’ yaan ''máaya'' kaajo’ob ku meyajtik chúuk yéetel u k’áat chi’ ma’alob u kanáantik le k’áaxo’ yéetel u lu’umil, ka ku kanáantik xan le úuchben suukilo’. == U meyajil u beetaal le chúuko' == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Fåde trô tchmineye.jpg File:Charcoal Pile Gánt 2011 1.jpg File:Fåde drovoes.jpg File:Charcoal (8227051730).jpg File:Unité de fabrication de charbon de bois 17.jpg File:Charcoal Trade Timebomb.jpg File:Charcoal 777.jpg </gallery> == U meyajilo’ob == <gallery mode="nolines"> File:Charcoal broiled Ayu.JPG File:Charcoal Steak.jpg File:Charcoal Toothpaste.jpg File:Charcoal 20230810 184556.jpg File:Charcoal iron(Kenya) 02.jpg File:Préparation godrogodro 11.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Wp/yua]] 2wo6xj350epkntxtrglqb6h1kbl87pm 0 3780022 7386367 7264228 2026-11-09T20:27:11Z Jorge F. Victoria Puerto 2658048 Ku yutskinta'al ts'íib 7386367 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ancient Roman relief carving of a midwife Wellcome M0003964EB.jpg|thumb|''Le aj ilik paal'']] '''Le''' '''aj ilik paal''' wa ''comadrona'' (''partera maya'') leti’ jump’éel ko’olel jach k’ajóolta’an yéetel k’ajóola’an ichil le ''máaya'' kaajo’ob. ''Le aj ilik paal''o’ ku yáantik le ko’olelo’ob tu k’iino’ob yáax kuxtal paal, tu sijil paal yéetel tu k’iino’ob ts’o’ok u síijil le chan paalo’. U na’ato’ob ku máan tu yáanal ja’abilo’ob yéetel yaan ichil u ts’aakil ''máaya'', tu’ux ku meyaj yéetel p’a’axo'b, t’aano’ob yéetel wa k’a’abéet, xiu ts’aako’ob. Le ''aj ilik paal'' jach k’a’ana’an tumen ku kanáantik u úuchben na’at tu yo’olal u ts’aakil ko’olel, u síijil paal yéetel u kuxtalil le kaajo’. Le ''máaya'' máako’ob ku ts’áik u yóol tu yo’olal le aj ilik paalo’, tumen u meyaj yéetel u kanáantik u miatsil yéetel u suukilo’ob le ''máaya'' kaajo’ob, tu lu’umil ''Yucatán'' yéetel tu láak’ lu’umilo’ob. [[Category:Wp/yua]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4917007}} pk9jhttmewfflbchab2r05momq42rrs 0 3782793 7386406 7354363 2026-11-09T22:13:23Z CHENG REX 2607725 /* */ 7386406 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Segwom''' A se nerêy gwom, tangá ka ye pye de ya se ji negwom o mwâ. A to sē mwad de a se sang'al gwofwa negwom o. [[Category:Wp/bom]] i8ru00g003xy311un2omab7cv0rffy7 0 3784866 7386325 7234730 2026-11-09T18:54:44Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386325 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nalewain.wav|thumb|Mi amigo]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Mi amigo {{Wt/guc/en}} my friend [[Category:Wt/guc]] br5x0twyooz8ohnn1jbmzy6sl36796z 0 3784869 7386326 7234741 2026-11-09T18:55:28Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386326 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nukuaipa.wav|thumb|Su forma de ser]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Su forma de ser {{Wt/guc/en}} his way of being [[Category:Wt/guc]] kby0rb3l1udgseks2scvvbycbhean6y 0 3784877 7386323 7234775 2026-11-09T18:52:26Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shipia.wav|thumb|Su casa]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Su casa {{Wt/guc/en}} your house [[Category:Wt/guc]] t0ma2r8c1oeulquruazbz78o75e1tl0 0 3784879 7386318 7234783 2026-11-09T18:47:46Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shiupana.wav|thumb|Debajo]] {{Wt/guc/es}} De bajo {{Wt/guc/en}} below [[Category:Wt/guc]] q3mkajyss1r99grwg3ed1o4d78yeug2 0 3784880 7386322 7234793 2026-11-09T18:50:54Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sholon.wav|thumb|Colageno/tuta]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Colágeno/Tuta {{Wt/guc/en}} collagen [[Category:Wt/guc]] df3c92s5a3qynnlna4ewghwdc055kne 0 3784881 7386324 7234798 2026-11-09T18:54:05Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386324 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uton.wav|thumb|Niña/niño]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Niña/niño {{Wt/guc/en}} child [[Category:Wt/guc]] mw3pdz6xehthat0mzqqyiq6zyhxbj2a 0 3784907 7386327 7235343 2026-11-09T18:56:02Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386327 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chapüna.wav|thumb|Por alla]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Por allá {{Wt/guc/en}} over there [[Category:Wt/guc]] 7z25f9meeuxwxexatd8cqqpd2gjj7ch 0 3785093 7386329 7236093 2026-11-09T18:56:49Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386329 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shia.wav|thumb|Ella.]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Ella {{Wt/guc/en}} she [[Category:Wt/guc]] tazb2mwma1rodhn8w2lgwjj098dh7ww 0 3789534 7386422 7385173 2026-11-10T01:29:45Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386422 wikitext text/x-wiki Ir. Soekarno (Ejaan Republik: Sukarno; 6 Juni 1901 - 21 Juni 1970), tekenal siq sebutan Bung Karno, nie adalah negarawan, orator, kance Presiden Indonesia saq pertame menjabat langan taun 1945 sampe 1967. Nie menjabat jari presiden seengkah memproklamasikan kemerdekaan indonesia kance wakiln, Mohammad Hatta. Nie tekenal sebage "Bapak Proklamator", soekarno endah tekenal sebage pencetus Pancasila, dasar negare kance ideologi bangsa Indonesia. Soekarno jari pemimpin perjuangan leq Indonesia untuk rebut kemerdekaan lekan penjajah belande. Nie jari pemimpin tername gerakan nasionalis Indonesia selame masa kolonial dait buekan lebeh lekan sekeq dekade eleq tahanan Belande sampe tebebasan siq penjajah Jepang leq Perang Dunie II. Soekarno dait batur-batur nasionalisne bekerja same dait Jepang untuk mauk dukungan jari upaye perang Jepang lekan warge, jari upaq tulung Jepang nyebaran ide-ide nasionalis. Sesampun Jepang nyerah, Soekarno dait Mohammad Hatta ngedeklarasian kemerdekaan Indonesia leq tanggal 17 Agustus 1945, dait Soekarno teangkat jari presiden. Nie mimpin perlawanan Indonesia tipaq usahe Belande saq malik jajah care diplomatik dait militer sampe pengakuan belande atas kemerdekaan Indonesia leq taun 1949. Sebab ni, nie tesade gelar "Bapak Proklamasi." [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] 4rolvrzeb3juhab42bn2eagdfgzyz4t 0 3789538 7386425 7385139 2026-11-10T01:30:42Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386425 wikitext text/x-wiki Drs. Mohammad Hatta (Mohammad Athar; 12 Agustus 1902 - 14 Maret 1980) ato saq tekenal dengan sebutan Bung Hatta. Nie adalah dengan sak negarawan, pemiaq konsep, kance ekonom saq menjabat jari Wakil Presiden Indonesia pertame langan 1945 sampeqne ngundurang dirikn leq 1956. Jari proklamator kemerdekaan kance Soekarno, nie meranan peran penting selaeq Revolusi Nasional Indonesia kance memproklamasikan kemerdekaanne leq 17 Agustus 1945. nie endah tekenal siq komitmenne joq sistem demokrasi karne nyugulan Maklumat X saq jari tonggaq awal demokrasi leq Indonesia. Peran ne leq pemerintahan Indonesia ndeqne jari wakil presiden doang, laguk iye pernah jari Perdana Menteri leq Kabinet Hatta I, Hatta II, laguk Kabinet Republik Indonesia Serikat (RIS). Leq bidang ekonomi, pemikiran kance sumbangsih ne leq perkembangan koperasi nggawe iye juluk sebagai Bapak Koperasi Indonesia. Sengonek lek perjalanan karir mulai nie jari wakil presiden, mentri luar negri, beliau wafat tanggal 14 Maret 1980, lek RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Wp/sas/Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] 558s1hkp85lnpkqhe81x0gi9mk2tf7o 0 3789543 7386420 7385136 2026-11-10T01:25:30Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386420 wikitext text/x-wiki Ibrahim gelar Datuk Sutan Malaka ye aran belo Tan Malaka. Aran aslin Ibrahim, laguk ye tekenal siq kanaq kance dengan toaq siq Tan Malaka. ye adalah aran kebanggan kance semibangsawan, ye saq mewarisi latar belakang bangsawan inaqn. Nie lahir leq Pandam Gadang, Suliki, Lima Puluh Kota saq araq leq bawaq kekuasaan Hindia Belanda. Tanggal lahirn ndek jelas, kance bervariasi langan sumber sumber, laguq kemungkinan antare taun 1894 kance 1897. == Mase Bajang == '''<big>Keluarga kance Masa Kecil</big>''' Aran lengkap Tan Malaka yakue Ibrahim gelar Datuk Sutan Malaka. Aran panggilan asli ne yakue Ibrahim, laguk iye lebih terkenal sebagai Tan Malaka, baik waktu masih anak-anak maupun sampun dewasa. Aran Tan Malaka niki merupakan aran kehormatan kance adin keturunan bangsawan, siwarisan dari latar belakang keluarga bangsawan inaq ne. Ye lahir leq Pandam Gadang, Suliki, Lima Puluh Kota, siwaktu niki masih leq bawak kekuasaan Hindia Belanda. Tanggal kelahiran ne ndeq begitu jelas, kance berbede-bede menurut sumber sak nyebutang. Laguk kemungkinan iye lahir antara tahun 1894 sampai 1897. [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] 5wb5er3l183ebhzsbvzpa4fuvuog6xj 7386423 7386420 2026-11-10T01:30:06Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386423 wikitext text/x-wiki Ibrahim gelar Datuk Sutan Malaka ye aran belo Tan Malaka. Aran aslin Ibrahim, laguk ye tekenal siq kanaq kance dengan toaq siq Tan Malaka. ye adalah aran kebanggan kance semibangsawan, ye saq mewarisi latar belakang bangsawan inaqn. Nie lahir leq Pandam Gadang, Suliki, Lima Puluh Kota saq araq leq bawaq kekuasaan Hindia Belanda. Tanggal lahirn ndek jelas, kance bervariasi langan sumber sumber, laguq kemungkinan antare taun 1894 kance 1897. == Mase Bajang == '''<big>Keluarga kance Masa Kecil</big>''' Aran lengkap Tan Malaka yakue Ibrahim gelar Datuk Sutan Malaka. Aran panggilan asli ne yakue Ibrahim, laguk iye lebih terkenal sebagai Tan Malaka, baik waktu masih anak-anak maupun sampun dewasa. Aran Tan Malaka niki merupakan aran kehormatan kance adin keturunan bangsawan, siwarisan dari latar belakang keluarga bangsawan inaq ne. Ye lahir leq Pandam Gadang, Suliki, Lima Puluh Kota, siwaktu niki masih leq bawak kekuasaan Hindia Belanda. Tanggal kelahiran ne ndeq begitu jelas, kance berbede-bede menurut sumber sak nyebutang. Laguk kemungkinan iye lahir antara tahun 1894 sampai 1897. [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] 2ebli2bk7eocss6bagn6kh74ixpgs38 0 3789547 7386427 7385550 2026-11-10T01:31:43Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386427 wikitext text/x-wiki Nicholas Schubring Saputra (lahir 24 Februari 1984)[2][3] niki tukang lakon lekan Indonésia. Nie pertame kali tetaon lek perane jari Rangga leq pilem tekenal tahun 2002, Ada Apa dengan Cinta?, peran sakne ulangi leq pilem Ada Apa dengan Cinta? 2 leq tahun 2016. Nie sampun jari salaq sopoq tukang lakon saq tekenal leq Indonesia lekan due kemenangan Penghargaan Citra tukang lakon sak paling solah Terbaik jari tukang lakon utame leq pilem Gie karye Riri Riza leq taun 2005 kance tukan lakon pendukung sak paling solah lek pilem Aruna & Lidahnya karye Edwin leq taun 2018. == Kehidupan Awal kance Pendidikan == Nicholas Saputra lahir lekan amaqn sak bedarak Jerman kance inaqn sak bedarak Jawe. Nicholas Saputra nempuh pendidikan leq SMA Negeri 8 Jakarta jurusan IPA, terusne ngelanjutan jok Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia bait program studi S-1 Arsitektur sampen lulus. [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] 6lec5zdbtcocqn6hl1j2zjttxny6fjl 0 3789548 7386424 7385153 2026-11-10T01:30:22Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386424 wikitext text/x-wiki Abdurrahman Wahid (telahiran aran Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil; 7 September 1940 - 30 Desember 2009), ye lebih tekenal siq aran Gus Dur. Nie politikus Indonesia kance ulama islam saq menjabat sebage Presiden Indonesia keempat langan taun 1999 sampe 2001. selain mimpin organisasi Nahdlatul Ulama, nie endah pendiri Parte Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB). nie endah anaqn Menteri Agama Wahid Hasyim, kance bain pendiri Nahldatul Ulama, Hasyim Asy'ari. Selame pemerintahan nie, Abdurrahman Wahid tekenal siq kebijakanne saq ndekne tentu kance pemikiranne saq visioner. . Pengaruhne terhadap Reformasi Indonesia leq kebebasan pers saq luas, saq tetandean siq pembubaran Departemen Penerangan leq tahun 1999. Abdurrahman Wahid bedoe peranan saq penting pasn cabut larangan kanggo merayakan Taun Baru Imlek. Wahid endah jarian Konfusianisme jari agama resmi keenem leq Indonesia pada taun 2000 , ngelindungan hak-hak kumpulang minoritas leq Indonesia. Semenjak keluarn serangkaian keputusan saq jarian kontroversi, misalne pencopotan sejumlah menteri leq dalem kabinet, hubungan baikne kance Israel saq tetentang leq kalangan Muslim, sampai maklumat kontroversialne saq bertujuan ngentikang parlemen, Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) akhirne memakzulkan Abdurrahman Wahid leq tanggal 23 Juli 2001 kance menunjuk Megawati Soekarnoputri jari penggentik. Abdurrahman Wahid tehormat secare luas sehingge jari guru bangsa dait pembela Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) saq terkenal. Pemerintahane teanggap bebasang dengan Tionghoa Indonesia leq penindasan saq nie pade alamin selame Orde Baru, dait dengan tokoh Tionghoa bengne gelar “Bapak Tionghoa”. Kebijakannye saq ndukung hak-hak minoritas dait perdamaian ngelantur side pade bengne gelar “Bapak Pluralisme”. Peristiwa pemakzulannye dirik sehingge teanggap jari tindakan ngelawan hukum, dait penok saq nganggep bahwe pemakzulan no seharusn endah ye endekn ne sah. [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF34]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] k5git21o9t9j10dd669kn5n7sivmccj 0 3792214 7386432 7385114 2026-11-10T01:34:50Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386432 wikitext text/x-wiki Tuanku Imam Bonjol (araq leq Bonjol, Luhak Agam, Pagaruyung, nie arak lek 1 Januari taon 1772. Aren asline ino semula Muhammad Shawab, Ia ino anak lekan Inaq Hamatun dait Amaq Khatib Bayanuddin. Amaq ne niki ye jari alim ulama. Tuanku Imam Bonjol niki ye nurut amaq ne jari alim ulama, pemimpin, daet pejuang saq beperang lawan Belande sak tekenal isiq peperangan Perang Padri saq oleq taon 1803-1838. Tuanku Imam Bonjol teangkat jeri Pahlawan Nasional sesue kance surat keputusan Presiden RI Nomor 087 taon 1973. Tuanku Imam Bonjol ninggal pas oleq pengasingan serte te makamang eleq Lotta, Pineleng, Minahasa, (6 November 1864). [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] mxp1nktdf6aibl7p1ez3puq47whyszi 0 3792215 7386431 7385185 2026-11-10T01:34:28Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386431 wikitext text/x-wiki Cut Nyak Dhien (penolesan laeq: Tjoet Nja' Dhien; (12 Mei 1848 - 6 November 1908) Ia niki termasuk pemimpin Pasukan Gerilya Aceh selame Perang Aceh. Seuahn ninggal semamen, Teuku Umar, nie jeri pimpin e acare gerilya lawan Belande selame 25 taon. Nie te anugerahang geler Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia secare anumerta mulei 2 Mei 1964 sik pemerintah Indonesia. Gelar Pahlawan Nasional sak meuqn nu tebeng isik Presiden Soekarno. Cut Nyak Dhien niki lekan keluarge Uleebalang VI Mukim lek Aceh Beleq kance sejak perang meletus elek taon 1873 ia niki ngejalanin irup ne lek lingkungan perlawanan. Seuahan meninggal semame pertama ne Teuku Ibrahim Lamnga ia merarik malik kance dengan Teuku Umar, salah saik panglima Aceh sik terkemuka. [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] 5jr52l93bykwk4h7dkj0dh3hzw5dq9y 0 3792239 7386433 7385204 2026-11-10T01:35:56Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386433 wikitext text/x-wiki Pangeran Diponegoro (Bahasa Jawa: ꦣꦶꦥꦤꦒꦫ, Telahiran jari Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, <u>suwahno</u> jari Bendara Raden Mas Antawirya ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November 1785 — 8 Januari 1855) Pangeran Diponegoro yakni pangeran jawe sak menentang pemerintahan Kolonial Belande. Anak penuaq Hamengkubuwana III sakni bedoe peranan penting lekan perang jawe tahun 1825 jangken 1830. Pas wah Kalah trus ketangkep, pelinggih teasingkan jok Manado kance Makassar elek umur 69 tahun. [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] 2va7o28yuxzseuxaz8u7mgua76x1zme 0 3792384 7386426 7385124 2026-11-10T01:31:17Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386426 wikitext text/x-wiki Iko tebeléan leq Daerah Matraman ato sak tepatn leq Palmeriam lingkungan Betawi (penduduk asli Jakarta). lékan tahun 1993, Nie berajah seni bela diri kedaerahan Indonesia, pencaq silat lek perguruan asuhan tuaqn, Tiga Berantai, sak beraliran silat Betawi. Leq tahun 2005, nie jari pesilat paling solah dalem kategori demonstrasi leq Kejuaraan Silat Nasional. selain milu leq persilatan, nie endah aktif maen ball, iko wahn sempat posisi ne gelandang lek liga -B klub ball Indonesia, laguq impian ne mele jari pemain bintang gagal sengaqn klub sak taon milu ye bangkrut, nah bakat silat ne ye bengn kesempatan lalo juq luar negeri dalam lomba-lomba pencak silat leq Inggris, Rusia, Laos, Kamboja, dan Prancis. Iko Uwais merarik kance penyanyi Audy Item leq tanggal 25 juni 2012, setelah ne beberayean arak 3 bulan. nah nani nie wah bedoe anak arak 2. [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] e2cwmzkxg65bu9qx82zqker2y468aff 0 3792386 7386421 7385167 2026-11-10T01:28:31Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386421 wikitext text/x-wiki Jro Happy Salma Wanasari (lahir 4 Januari 1980) tukang lakon, penyanyi, produser pilem, sutradara, kance penulis lékan Indonésia. Nie termasuk dalem salah sopoq tokoh saq berpengaruh leq Asia, versi majalah Tatler leq tahun 2020.[3] Happy mauq penghargaan Bali-Dwipantara Nata Kerthi Nugraha 2023 lékan Institut Seni Indonésia Denpasar jari kategori Seniman dan Maesenas Seni.[4] Happy Salma mulai karir ne leq dunie seni peran saq membintangi sepulu judul sinetron. pas nie fokus eleq dunie sinetron, Happy mundait kesenengan eleq sastra, siq tetuangan leq dalam due buku cerpen sak berjudul Pulang (2006) sak jari nominasi leq Literary Khatulistiwa Award, kance buku saq berjudul Telaga Fatamorgana (2008). Happy endah besopoq leq antalogi cerita pendek Titian: Antologi Cerita pendek Kerakyatan (2008), Lobakan: Antologi Cerita Pendek (2009), 24 Sauh Kolaborasi Cerpen (2009) kance Murai Ke Sangkar Emas (2009). selain cerpen, Happy endah tulis novel kolaborasi kance Pidi Baiq saq berjudul Hanya Salju dan Pisau Batu (2010). saq terakhir, nie nulis kance penerbit buku biografi kreatif Desak Nyoman Suarti " The Warrior Daughter" (2015). [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] s0lmo73091bnd7lwrxf8ktv6j3ncfgl 7386428 7386421 2026-11-10T01:32:00Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386428 wikitext text/x-wiki Jro Happy Salma Wanasari (lahir 4 Januari 1980) tukang lakon, penyanyi, produser pilem, sutradara, kance penulis lékan Indonésia. Nie termasuk dalem salah sopoq tokoh saq berpengaruh leq Asia, versi majalah Tatler leq tahun 2020.[3] Happy mauq penghargaan Bali-Dwipantara Nata Kerthi Nugraha 2023 lékan Institut Seni Indonésia Denpasar jari kategori Seniman dan Maesenas Seni.[4] Happy Salma mulai karir ne leq dunie seni peran saq membintangi sepulu judul sinetron. pas nie fokus eleq dunie sinetron, Happy mundait kesenengan eleq sastra, siq tetuangan leq dalam due buku cerpen sak berjudul Pulang (2006) sak jari nominasi leq Literary Khatulistiwa Award, kance buku saq berjudul Telaga Fatamorgana (2008). Happy endah besopoq leq antalogi cerita pendek Titian: Antologi Cerita pendek Kerakyatan (2008), Lobakan: Antologi Cerita Pendek (2009), 24 Sauh Kolaborasi Cerpen (2009) kance Murai Ke Sangkar Emas (2009). selain cerpen, Happy endah tulis novel kolaborasi kance Pidi Baiq saq berjudul Hanya Salju dan Pisau Batu (2010). saq terakhir, nie nulis kance penerbit buku biografi kreatif Desak Nyoman Suarti " The Warrior Daughter" (2015). [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] kebl8upbxefqan51z8pd3wo9z54s6rp 0 3792387 7386435 7385142 2026-11-10T01:40:16Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386435 wikitext text/x-wiki Cinta Laura Kiehl ([ˈtʃinta ˈlaura]) lahir 17 Agustus 1993 leq Quakenbrück, Jerman. Nie tekenal jari tukang kalon, penyanyi, pengégel, kance model lékan Indonésia. Lekan kodeq sampe dedare nie pindah-pindah negare milu amakn (Michael Kiehl) sak begawean jari General Manager leq Grand Hyatt Hotel. Inakn aran Herdiana Soekarseno Kiehl, dengan asli Indonésia. Sengak lahir kance beleq lek luar negeri, Cinta Laura bedoe logat campuran antara bahase Indonesia dait bahase Inggris. [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] 95uttezvsok043y6dexzw6eb9lz71jj 0 3793637 7386429 7385154 2026-11-10T01:32:44Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386429 wikitext text/x-wiki Raden Ajeng Kartini (21 April 1879) - 17 September 1904) ato biasè tè tèmpõh sè'uah bèjangkèp tèkènal jari Raden Ayu Kartini tokoh nine ningrat lèman Jawè daet asli tèsènjariq jari pahlawan nasional Indonesia. Kartini tèkènal jari dèngan pèjuang saq gigih dalèm pèjuangan kemerdekaan daet kedudukan kaum nine pas laèq apèlagi dèngan nine Jawè sèrtè bèbangun Sekolah Kartini lèq bèbèrapè daèrah saq lain. Iye telahiran eleq keluarge bangsawan Jawe leq Hindia Belande (Indonesa saq nane). Engkahn besekolah eleq sekolah dasar base Belande, Iye mele lanjut sekolah tinggi laguq ndeknbau soalne dengan nine Jawe telarang sekolah tinggi. Kartini bedait kance pejabat-pejabat Belande, termasuk J. H. Abendanon, sak betugas jari pelaksane kebijakan etis Belande [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] fo0yn0c9izj5780dwqk2d81hhmtabn7 0 3796126 7386430 7385128 2026-11-10T01:33:00Z Ichahahaha 2690743 7386430 wikitext text/x-wiki Prof. Dr. Aloysius Sartono Kartodirdjo (15 Februari 1921 - 7 Desember 2007) dèngan sejarawan Indonesia. Niè jair pènjuluq dalèm penulisan sejarah langan carè èngat Indonesia. Sèlame èrop ne, niè jari dosen lèq Universitas Gadjah Mada daèt tèsènjariq jair Guru Bèlèq UGM, sèlain saq no èndah ngajahan lèq UGM nie èndah ngajahan lèq IKIP Bandung nanè UPI Bandung. Sartono Kartodirdjo ninggal duniè lèq Yogyakarta, pas umur 86 taun. == Biografi == Prof. Dr. A. Sartono Kartodirdjo nu dengan sejarawan Indonesia kance penjuluq dalem penulisan sejarah kadu care multidimensi. Sebelum nie jariq guru, mame saq akrab tempoh Sartono nike bejuluq nyelesaiang sekolah leman HIS, MULO, kance HIK. Knyaken nie sekolah leq HIK (sekolah calon bruder), mame peranakan Wonogiri, 15 Februari 1921 niki ya' ajah wirase kance bisik ate saq piaq nie niki jariq dengan wikan sa' bersahaje. [[Category:Wp/sas]] [[Category:Kodar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] [[Category:Kopdar Serentak Hari Pahlawan Nasional Komunitas WIkimedia Mataram GSF26]] cm2o5dlodny2bdy5voeoezq4chwc0jj 0 3803156 7386694 7297558 2026-11-10T08:45:17Z Baby juuu 2634254 7386694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q7560957}} '''Song''' vanyi mulmu o Adamawa, N huda jan digalu chan gwanati vir bau, Fumme, Dirma, Kilange, Funa Gadu, Mboi, Kilange, Hima, Gari, Waje, Suktu, Zumk, Waltandi ana Ditera. Gurtu kra da Gurtu kura jir song chan 260,900. ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7560957}} 3wi5knowx1uapvr5m09wmyf1se9zss6 7386695 7386694 2026-11-10T08:45:48Z Baby juuu 2634254 7386695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q7560957}} '''Song''' vanyi mulmu o Adamawa, Najeriya huda jan digalu chan gwanati vir bau, Fumme, Dirma, Kilange, Funa Gadu, Mboi, Kilange, Hima, Gari, Waje, Suktu, Zumk, Waltandi ana Ditera. Gurtu kra da Gurtu kura jir song chan 260,900. ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7560957}} iseehwv838u3fv9hm2im373w5m1w6lz 10 3804748 7386390 7384570 2026-11-09T20:58:58Z Uthman salma 2604311 7386390 wikitext text/x-wiki # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Cletus_Avoka&veaction=edit Cletus Avoka] [[User:Umar Asiya|Umar Asiya]] ([[User talk:Umar Asiya|talk]]) 11:08, 24 October 2026 (UTC) {{Wp/wlx/Semi-done}} # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Mubarak_Mohammed_Muntaka&veaction=edit Mubarak Mohammed Muntaka] [[User:Regina Gbolo|Regina Gbolo]] ([[User talk:Regina Gbolo|talk]]) 08:35, 5 November 2026 (UTC) {{Wp/wlx/Semi-done}} # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Collins_Dauda&veaction=edit Collins Dauda] {{Not done}} # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Haruna_Iddrisu&veaction=edit Haruna Iddrisu] {{Wp/wlx/Done}} # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Alfred_Oko_Vanderpuije&veaction=edit Alfred Oko Vanderpuije] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Abdul-Rashid_Pelpuo&veaction=edit Abdul-Rashid Pelpuo] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Emmanuel_Armah_Kofi_Buah&veaction=edit Emmanuel Armah Kofi Buah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Joe_Ghartey&veaction=edit Joe Ghartey] [[User:Regina Gbolo|Regina Gbolo]] ([[User talk:Regina Gbolo|talk]]) 12:06, 24 October 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Mahama_Ayariga&veaction=edit Mahama Ayariga] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Elizabeth_Ofosu-Adjare&veaction=edit Elizabeth Ofosu-Adjare] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Edwin_Nii_Lante_Vanderpuye&veaction=edit Edwin Nii Lante Vanderpuye] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwabena_Okyere_Darko-Mensah&veaction=edit Kwabena Okyere Darko-Mensah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Samuel_Okudzeto_Ablakwa&veaction=edit Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Helen_Ntoso&veaction=edit Helen Ntoso] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Bede_Ziedeng&veaction=edit Bede Ziedeng] [[User:Regina Gbolo|Regina Gbolo]] ([[User talk:Regina Gbolo|talk]]) 22:03, 4 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Joseph_Nii_Laryea_Afotey-Agbo&veaction=edit Joseph Nii Laryea Afotey-Agbo] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Queenstar_Pokuah_Sawyerr&veaction=edit Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Alhassan_Bashir_Fuseini&veaction=edit Alhassan Bashir Fuseini] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Ebenezer_Okletey_Terlabi&veaction=edit Ebenezer Okletey Terlabi] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Alhassan_Suhuyini&veaction=edit Alhassan Suhuyini] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kobina_Tahir_Hammond&veaction=edit Kobina Tahir Hammond] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kojo_Oppong_Nkrumah&veaction=edit Kojo Oppong Nkrumah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Francisca_Oteng-Mensah&veaction=edit Francisca Oteng-Mensah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Ursula_Owusu&veaction=edit Ursula Owusu] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Zanetor_Agyeman-Rawlings&veaction=edit Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Sam_Nartey_George&veaction=edit Sam Nartey George] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwabena_Donkor&veaction=edit Kwabena Donkor] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kennedy_Agyapong&veaction=edit Kennedy Agyapong] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Alexander_Kwamina_Afenyo-Markin&veaction=edit Alexander Kwamina Afenyo-Markin] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Patricia_Appiagyei&veaction=edit Patricia Appiagyei] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Della_Sowah&veaction=edit Della Sowah] ([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 12:07, 24 October 2026 (UTC)) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Freda_Akosua_Prempeh&veaction=edit Freda Akosua Prempeh] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Comfort_Doyoe_Cudjoe-Ghansah&veaction=edit Comfort Doyoe Cudjoe-Ghansah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Mavis_Hawa_Koomson&veaction=edit Mavis Hawa Koomson] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Abena_Osei_Asare&veaction=edit Abena Osei Asare] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Ama_Pomaa_Boateng&veaction=edit Ama Pomaa Boateng] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Ignatius_Baffour-Awuah&veaction=edit Ignatius Baffour-Awuah]([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 23:04, 6 November 2026 (UTC)) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Joseph_Osei-Owusu&veaction=edit Joseph Osei-Owusu] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwasi_Ameyaw-Cheremeh&veaction=edit Kwasi Ameyaw-Cheremeh] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Ambrose_Dery&veaction=edit Ambrose Dery] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Matthew_Opoku_Prempeh&veaction=edit Matthew Opoku Prempeh] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwaku_Agyemang-Manu&veaction=edit Kwaku Agyemang-Manu] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Benito_Owusu_Bio&veaction=edit Benito Owusu Bio] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Emmanuel_Adjei_Anhwere&veaction=edit Emmanuel Adjei Anhwere] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Dominic_Nitiwul&veaction=edit Dominic Nitiwul] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/John_Peter_Amewu&veaction=edit John Peter Amewu] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Andrew_Egyapa_Mercer&veaction=edit Andrew Egyapa Mercer] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwaku_Afriyie&veaction=edit Kwaku Afriyie] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Dan_Botwe&veaction=edit Dan Botwe] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah&veaction=edit Isaac Kwame Asiamah] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 20:58, 9 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Samuel_Atta_Akyea&veaction=edit Samuel Atta Akyea] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwesi_Amoako_Atta&veaction=edit Kwesi Amoako Atta] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Bryan_Acheampong&veaction=edit Bryan Acheampong] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Carlos_Kingsley_Ahenkorah&veaction=edit Carlos Kingsley Ahenkorah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Osei_Bonsu_Amoah&veaction=edit Osei Bonsu Amoah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Gifty_Twum-Ampofo&veaction=edit Gifty Twum-Ampofo] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Alex_Adomako-Mensah&veaction=edit Alex Adomako-Mensah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwaku_Kwarteng&veaction=edit Kwaku Kwarteng] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 07:52, 7 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Samuel_Abu_Jinapor&veaction=edit Samuel Abu Jinapor] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/John_Abdulai_Jinapor&veaction=edit John Abdulai Jinapor][[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 15:30, 6 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Francis_Asenso-Boakye&veaction=edit Francis Asenso-Boakye] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Solomon_Namliit_Boar&veaction=edit Solomon Namliit Boar] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 15:28, 6 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Mohammed_Abdul_Aziz&veaction=edit Mohammed Abdul Aziz]([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 17:14, 27 October 2026 (UTC)) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Joycelyn_Tetteh&veaction=edit Joycelyn Tetteh] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 15:23, 6 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Betty_Krosbi_Mensah&veaction=edit Betty Krosbi Mensah]([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 21:41, 2 November 2026 (UTC)) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Mavis_Nkansah_Boadu&veaction=edit Mavis Nkansah Boadu] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 15:23, 6 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Nana_Ama_Dokua_Asiamah-Adjei&veaction=edit Nana Ama Dokua Asiamah-Adjei] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Tina_Gifty_Naa_Ayele_Mensah&veaction=edit Tina Gifty Naa Ayele Mensah] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 15:26, 6 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Cynthia_Mamle_Morrison&veaction=edit Cynthia Mamle Morrison] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Naana_Eyiah_Quansah&veaction=edit Naana Eyiah Quansah]([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 22:09, 1 November 2026 (UTC)) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Frank_Annoh_Dompreh&veaction=edit Frank Annoh Dompreh]([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 17:01, 28 October 2026 (UTC)) 9klq6pzy7f50jvgfgoenma8es012iqn 7386410 7386390 2026-11-09T22:37:45Z Muhaideen Faiz Brichini 2604229 7386410 wikitext text/x-wiki # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Cletus_Avoka&veaction=edit Cletus Avoka] [[User:Umar Asiya|Umar Asiya]] ([[User talk:Umar Asiya|talk]]) 11:08, 24 October 2026 (UTC) {{Wp/wlx/Semi-done}} # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Mubarak_Mohammed_Muntaka&veaction=edit Mubarak Mohammed Muntaka] [[User:Regina Gbolo|Regina Gbolo]] ([[User talk:Regina Gbolo|talk]]) 08:35, 5 November 2026 (UTC) {{Wp/wlx/Semi-done}} # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Collins_Dauda&veaction=edit Collins Dauda] {{Not done}} # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Haruna_Iddrisu&veaction=edit Haruna Iddrisu] {{Wp/wlx/Done}} # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Alfred_Oko_Vanderpuije&veaction=edit Alfred Oko Vanderpuije] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Abdul-Rashid_Pelpuo&veaction=edit Abdul-Rashid Pelpuo] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Emmanuel_Armah_Kofi_Buah&veaction=edit Emmanuel Armah Kofi Buah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Joe_Ghartey&veaction=edit Joe Ghartey] [[User:Regina Gbolo|Regina Gbolo]] ([[User talk:Regina Gbolo|talk]]) 12:06, 24 October 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Mahama_Ayariga&veaction=edit Mahama Ayariga] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Elizabeth_Ofosu-Adjare&veaction=edit Elizabeth Ofosu-Adjare] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Edwin_Nii_Lante_Vanderpuye&veaction=edit Edwin Nii Lante Vanderpuye] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwabena_Okyere_Darko-Mensah&veaction=edit Kwabena Okyere Darko-Mensah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Samuel_Okudzeto_Ablakwa&veaction=edit Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Helen_Ntoso&veaction=edit Helen Ntoso] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Bede_Ziedeng&veaction=edit Bede Ziedeng] [[User:Regina Gbolo|Regina Gbolo]] ([[User talk:Regina Gbolo|talk]]) 22:03, 4 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Joseph_Nii_Laryea_Afotey-Agbo&veaction=edit Joseph Nii Laryea Afotey-Agbo] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Queenstar_Pokuah_Sawyerr&veaction=edit Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Alhassan_Bashir_Fuseini&veaction=edit Alhassan Bashir Fuseini] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Ebenezer_Okletey_Terlabi&veaction=edit Ebenezer Okletey Terlabi] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Alhassan_Suhuyini&veaction=edit Alhassan Suhuyini] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kobina_Tahir_Hammond&veaction=edit Kobina Tahir Hammond] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kojo_Oppong_Nkrumah&veaction=edit Kojo Oppong Nkrumah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Francisca_Oteng-Mensah&veaction=edit Francisca Oteng-Mensah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Ursula_Owusu&veaction=edit Ursula Owusu] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Zanetor_Agyeman-Rawlings&veaction=edit Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Sam_Nartey_George&veaction=edit Sam Nartey George] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwabena_Donkor&veaction=edit Kwabena Donkor] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kennedy_Agyapong&veaction=edit Kennedy Agyapong] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Alexander_Kwamina_Afenyo-Markin&veaction=edit Alexander Kwamina Afenyo-Markin] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Patricia_Appiagyei&veaction=edit Patricia Appiagyei] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Della_Sowah&veaction=edit Della Sowah] ([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 12:07, 24 October 2026 (UTC)) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Freda_Akosua_Prempeh&veaction=edit Freda Akosua Prempeh] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Comfort_Doyoe_Cudjoe-Ghansah&veaction=edit Comfort Doyoe Cudjoe-Ghansah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Mavis_Hawa_Koomson&veaction=edit Mavis Hawa Koomson] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Abena_Osei_Asare&veaction=edit Abena Osei Asare] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Ama_Pomaa_Boateng&veaction=edit Ama Pomaa Boateng] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Ignatius_Baffour-Awuah&veaction=edit Ignatius Baffour-Awuah]([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 23:04, 6 November 2026 (UTC)) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Joseph_Osei-Owusu&veaction=edit Joseph Osei-Owusu] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwasi_Ameyaw-Cheremeh&veaction=edit Kwasi Ameyaw-Cheremeh] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Ambrose_Dery&veaction=edit Ambrose Dery] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Matthew_Opoku_Prempeh&veaction=edit Matthew Opoku Prempeh] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwaku_Agyemang-Manu&veaction=edit Kwaku Agyemang-Manu] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Benito_Owusu_Bio&veaction=edit Benito Owusu Bio] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Emmanuel_Adjei_Anhwere&veaction=edit Emmanuel Adjei Anhwere] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Dominic_Nitiwul&veaction=edit Dominic Nitiwul] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/John_Peter_Amewu&veaction=edit John Peter Amewu] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Andrew_Egyapa_Mercer&veaction=edit Andrew Egyapa Mercer] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwaku_Afriyie&veaction=edit Kwaku Afriyie] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Dan_Botwe&veaction=edit Dan Botwe] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah&veaction=edit Isaac Kwame Asiamah] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 20:58, 9 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Samuel_Atta_Akyea&veaction=edit Samuel Atta Akyea] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwesi_Amoako_Atta&veaction=edit Kwesi Amoako Atta] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Bryan_Acheampong&veaction=edit Bryan Acheampong] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Carlos_Kingsley_Ahenkorah&veaction=edit Carlos Kingsley Ahenkorah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Osei_Bonsu_Amoah&veaction=edit Osei Bonsu Amoah]([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 22:37, 9 November 2026 (UTC)) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Gifty_Twum-Ampofo&veaction=edit Gifty Twum-Ampofo] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Alex_Adomako-Mensah&veaction=edit Alex Adomako-Mensah] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Kwaku_Kwarteng&veaction=edit Kwaku Kwarteng] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 07:52, 7 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Samuel_Abu_Jinapor&veaction=edit Samuel Abu Jinapor] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/John_Abdulai_Jinapor&veaction=edit John Abdulai Jinapor][[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 15:30, 6 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Francis_Asenso-Boakye&veaction=edit Francis Asenso-Boakye] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Solomon_Namliit_Boar&veaction=edit Solomon Namliit Boar] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 15:28, 6 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Mohammed_Abdul_Aziz&veaction=edit Mohammed Abdul Aziz]([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 17:14, 27 October 2026 (UTC)) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Joycelyn_Tetteh&veaction=edit Joycelyn Tetteh] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 15:23, 6 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Betty_Krosbi_Mensah&veaction=edit Betty Krosbi Mensah]([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 21:41, 2 November 2026 (UTC)) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Mavis_Nkansah_Boadu&veaction=edit Mavis Nkansah Boadu] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 15:23, 6 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Nana_Ama_Dokua_Asiamah-Adjei&veaction=edit Nana Ama Dokua Asiamah-Adjei] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Tina_Gifty_Naa_Ayele_Mensah&veaction=edit Tina Gifty Naa Ayele Mensah] [[User:Uthman salma|Uthman salma]] ([[User talk:Uthman salma|talk]]) 15:26, 6 November 2026 (UTC) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Cynthia_Mamle_Morrison&veaction=edit Cynthia Mamle Morrison] # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Naana_Eyiah_Quansah&veaction=edit Naana Eyiah Quansah]([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 22:09, 1 November 2026 (UTC)) # [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/wlx/Frank_Annoh_Dompreh&veaction=edit Frank Annoh Dompreh]([[User:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|Muhaideen Faiz Brichini]] ([[User talk:Muhaideen Faiz Brichini|talk]]) 17:01, 28 October 2026 (UTC)) ls76xsc3w1u7kl9id5h75w9aug1wxv2 0 3813243 7386304 7332651 2026-11-09T18:10:00Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} '''abril''' {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # e' cvêrt mēṣ dl'ãn. E' vẽ prèma d [[Wt/rgn/maẓ|maẓ]] e dop [[Wt/rgn/mêrz|mêrz]]. L à 30 dè {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-}} '''a | brìl''' {{Wt/rgn/-etim-}} da e' {{Wt/rgn/la}} [[Wt/rgn/Aprīlis|Aprīlis]] {{Wt/rgn/-prov-}} <i> *'''Abril''' di temp! *L'acva d '''abril''' l'è ör ẓintil *'''Abril''' piöv, piöv, ch'e' vẽgna gròs al cöv</i> {{Wt/rgn/-var-}} *[[Wt/rgn/avril|avril]] {{Wt/rgn/-trans-}} *{{Wt/rgn/it}}: [[Wt/rgn/aprile|aprile]] *{{Wt/rgn/en}}: [[Wt/rgn/April|April]] {{Wt/rgn/-ca-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|abril]] {{Wt/rgn/-ref-}} *rumagnôl: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |var =RO |aut =Giorgio Lazzari |tit =Dizionario Etimologico Romagnolo |ann =2020 |edi =Il Ponte Vecchio |loc =Ciṡaina |edz =I |vol = |ser = |cap = |pag =13 |tra = |isb =9788865419038 |doi = |url = }} **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |aut =Alberto Giovannini |tit =A voj imparê e' Rumagnôl |ann =2025 |edi =Tempo al Libro |loc =[[Wt/rgn/Fẽnza|Fẽnza]] |edz =1 |pag =97 }} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnôl ucidentêl]] rx9yo15mjppiby80ynz098h89kblhpr 7386305 7386304 2026-11-09T18:10:39Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} '''abril''' {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # e' cvêrt mēṣ dl'ãn. E' vẽ prèma d [[Wt/rgn/maẓ|maẓ]] e dop [[Wt/rgn/mêrz|mêrz]]. L à 30 dè {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-}} '''a | brìl''' {{Wt/rgn/-etim-}} da e' {{Wt/rgn/la}} [[Wt/rgn/Aprīlis|Aprīlis]] {{Wt/rgn/-prov-}} <i> *'''Abril''' di temp! *L'acva d '''abril''' l'è ör ẓintil *'''Abril''' piöv, piöv, ch'e' vẽgna gròs al cöv</i> {{Wt/rgn/-var-}} *[[Wt/rgn/avril|avril]] {{Wt/rgn/-trans-}} *{{Wt/rgn/it}}: [[Wt/rgn/aprile|aprile]] *{{Wt/rgn/en}}: [[Wt/rgn/April|April]] {{Wt/rgn/-ca-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|abril]] {{Wt/rgn/-gl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|abril]] {{Wt/rgn/-ref-}} *rumagnôl: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |var =RO |aut =Giorgio Lazzari |tit =Dizionario Etimologico Romagnolo |ann =2020 |edi =Il Ponte Vecchio |loc =Ciṡaina |edz =I |vol = |ser = |cap = |pag =13 |tra = |isb =9788865419038 |doi = |url = }} **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |aut =Alberto Giovannini |tit =A voj imparê e' Rumagnôl |ann =2025 |edi =Tempo al Libro |loc =[[Wt/rgn/Fẽnza|Fẽnza]] |edz =1 |pag =97 }} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnôl ucidentêl]] przburyz3r45r2it3084iumktpmvrew 7386307 7386305 2026-11-09T18:11:35Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} '''abril''' {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # e' cvêrt mēṣ dl'ãn. E' vẽ prèma d [[Wt/rgn/maẓ|maẓ]] e dop [[Wt/rgn/mêrz|mêrz]]. L à 30 dè {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-}} '''a | brìl''' {{Wt/rgn/-etim-}} da e' {{Wt/rgn/la}} [[Wt/rgn/Aprīlis|Aprīlis]] {{Wt/rgn/-prov-}} <i> *'''Abril''' di temp! *L'acva d '''abril''' l'è ör ẓintil *'''Abril''' piöv, piöv, ch'e' vẽgna gròs al cöv</i> {{Wt/rgn/-var-}} *[[Wt/rgn/avril|avril]] {{Wt/rgn/-trans-}} *{{Wt/rgn/it}}: [[Wt/rgn/aprile|aprile]] *{{Wt/rgn/en}}: [[Wt/rgn/April|April]] {{Wt/rgn/-ca-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|abril]] {{Wt/rgn/-gl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|abril]] {{Wt/rgn/-oc-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|abril]] {{Wt/rgn/-ref-}} *rumagnôl: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |var =RO |aut =Giorgio Lazzari |tit =Dizionario Etimologico Romagnolo |ann =2020 |edi =Il Ponte Vecchio |loc =Ciṡaina |edz =I |vol = |ser = |cap = |pag =13 |tra = |isb =9788865419038 |doi = |url = }} **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |aut =Alberto Giovannini |tit =A voj imparê e' Rumagnôl |ann =2025 |edi =Tempo al Libro |loc =[[Wt/rgn/Fẽnza|Fẽnza]] |edz =1 |pag =97 }} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnôl ucidentêl]] eg82smd9v5bzqhz8u0ruks2dzda106m 7386308 7386307 2026-11-09T18:12:35Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} '''abril''' {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # e' cvêrt mēṣ dl'ãn. E' vẽ prèma d [[Wt/rgn/maẓ|maẓ]] e dop [[Wt/rgn/mêrz|mêrz]]. L à 30 dè {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-}} '''a | brìl''' {{Wt/rgn/-etim-}} da e' {{Wt/rgn/la}} [[Wt/rgn/Aprīlis|Aprīlis]] {{Wt/rgn/-prov-}} <i> *'''Abril''' di temp! *L'acva d '''abril''' l'è ör ẓintil *'''Abril''' piöv, piöv, ch'e' vẽgna gròs al cöv</i> {{Wt/rgn/-var-}} *[[Wt/rgn/avril|avril]] {{Wt/rgn/-trans-}} *{{Wt/rgn/it}}: [[Wt/rgn/aprile|aprile]] *{{Wt/rgn/en}}: [[Wt/rgn/April|April]] {{Wt/rgn/-ca-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|abril]] {{Wt/rgn/-gl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|abril]] {{Wt/rgn/-pt-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|abril]] {{Wt/rgn/-es-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|abril]] {{Wt/rgn/-oc-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|abril]] {{Wt/rgn/-ref-}} *rumagnôl: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |var =RO |aut =Giorgio Lazzari |tit =Dizionario Etimologico Romagnolo |ann =2020 |edi =Il Ponte Vecchio |loc =Ciṡaina |edz =I |vol = |ser = |cap = |pag =13 |tra = |isb =9788865419038 |doi = |url = }} **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |aut =Alberto Giovannini |tit =A voj imparê e' Rumagnôl |ann =2025 |edi =Tempo al Libro |loc =[[Wt/rgn/Fẽnza|Fẽnza]] |edz =1 |pag =97 }} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnôl ucidentêl]] hwzhg5hfj8bvmldnc0kfi5gkrzuxhww 0 3813287 7386280 7386131 2026-11-09T16:55:09Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} '''a''' {{Wt/rgn/f}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # prèma lètra dl alfabēt latẽn {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' # prepuṣiziõn sẽmpliz {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' # la parsõna ch'la scor o scriv, in funziõn d [[Wt/rgn/sugët|sugët]] <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*me '''a''' jò vent'ẽn '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' # la parsõna ch'la scor o scriv e êtri parsõn, in funziõn d sugët <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*nō '''a''' sẽ d Furlè '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' # al parsõn (do o piò d do) ch'al rizēv un mesag, in funziõn d sugët <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*vō '''a''' si d Ravèna {{Wt/rgn/-sq-}} {{Wt/rgn/-cong-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/o|o]] {{Wt/rgn/-ca-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-egl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-fr-}} {{Wt/rgn/-verb-}} '''a''' # prèma parsõna singulêr dl'indicativ preṣẽnt de' verb [[Wt/rgn/Avoir|avoir]] {{Wt/rgn/-en-}}{{Wt/rgn/-art-}}'''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/un|un]], [[Wt/rgn/una|una]], [[Wt/rgn/un'|un']] {{Wt/rgn/-it-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-lmo-}} {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pt-}}{{Wt/rgn/-art-}}'''a''' ''f. s.'' # [[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']] {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}}'''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''f. s.'' # [[Wt/rgn/la|la]] {{Wt/rgn/-sk-}} {{Wt/rgn/-cong-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/e|e]] {{Wt/rgn/-es-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-hu-}} {{Wt/rgn/-art-}} '''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/e'|e']], [[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l|l]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']], [[Wt/rgn/i|i]], [[Wt/rgn/j|j]], [[Wt/rgn/al|al]], [[Wt/rgn/agl'|agl']], [[Wt/rgn/agli|agli]] {{Wt/rgn/-oc-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-verb form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #{{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|3|s|in|pre|verb=aver}} {{Wt/rgn/-vec-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] [[Category:Wt/rgn]] fvhx8nsfcuubzy7xaqcovl3rzp4dkyr 7386283 7386280 2026-11-09T16:59:01Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} '''a''' {{Wt/rgn/f}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # prèma lètra dl alfabēt latẽn {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' # prepuṣiziõn sẽmpliz {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' # la parsõna ch'la scor o scriv, in funziõn d [[Wt/rgn/sugët|sugët]] <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*me '''a''' jò vent'ẽn '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' # la parsõna ch'la scor o scriv e êtri parsõn, in funziõn d sugët <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*nō '''a''' sẽ d Furlè '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' # al parsõn (do o piò d do) ch'al rizēv un mesag, in funziõn d sugët <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*vō '''a''' si d Ravèna {{Wt/rgn/-sq-}} {{Wt/rgn/-cong-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/o|o]] {{Wt/rgn/-ca-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-egl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-fr-}} {{Wt/rgn/-verb-}} '''a''' # prèma parsõna singulêr dl'indicativ preṣẽnt de' verb [[Wt/rgn/Avoir|avoir]] {{Wt/rgn/-gl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-art-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/f}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} #[[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']] {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-Pr-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} [[Wt/rgn/la|la]] {{Wt/rgn/-en-}}{{Wt/rgn/-art-}}'''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/un|un]], [[Wt/rgn/una|una]], [[Wt/rgn/un'|un']] {{Wt/rgn/-it-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-lmo-}} {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pt-}}{{Wt/rgn/-art-}}'''a''' ''f. s.'' # [[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']] {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}}'''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''f. s.'' # [[Wt/rgn/la|la]] {{Wt/rgn/-sk-}} {{Wt/rgn/-cong-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/e|e]] {{Wt/rgn/-es-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-hu-}} {{Wt/rgn/-art-}} '''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/e'|e']], [[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l|l]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']], [[Wt/rgn/i|i]], [[Wt/rgn/j|j]], [[Wt/rgn/al|al]], [[Wt/rgn/agl'|agl']], [[Wt/rgn/agli|agli]] {{Wt/rgn/-oc-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-verb form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #{{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|3|s|in|pre|verb=aver}} {{Wt/rgn/-vec-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] [[Category:Wt/rgn]] o7r7818rgosehjm9drhbrt7ncrzalg3 7386284 7386283 2026-11-09T16:59:29Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} '''a''' {{Wt/rgn/f}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # prèma lètra dl alfabēt latẽn {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' # prepuṣiziõn sẽmpliz {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' # la parsõna ch'la scor o scriv, in funziõn d [[Wt/rgn/sugët|sugët]] <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*me '''a''' jò vent'ẽn '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' # la parsõna ch'la scor o scriv e êtri parsõn, in funziõn d sugët <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*nō '''a''' sẽ d Furlè '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' # al parsõn (do o piò d do) ch'al rizēv un mesag, in funziõn d sugët <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*vō '''a''' si d Ravèna {{Wt/rgn/-sq-}} {{Wt/rgn/-cong-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/o|o]] {{Wt/rgn/-ca-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-egl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-fr-}} {{Wt/rgn/-verb-}} '''a''' # prèma parsõna singulêr dl'indicativ preṣẽnt de' verb [[Wt/rgn/Avoir|avoir]] {{Wt/rgn/-gl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-art-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/f}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} #[[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']] {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} [[Wt/rgn/la|la]] {{Wt/rgn/-en-}}{{Wt/rgn/-art-}}'''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/un|un]], [[Wt/rgn/una|una]], [[Wt/rgn/un'|un']] {{Wt/rgn/-it-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-lmo-}} {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pt-}}{{Wt/rgn/-art-}}'''a''' ''f. s.'' # [[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']] {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}}'''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''f. s.'' # [[Wt/rgn/la|la]] {{Wt/rgn/-sk-}} {{Wt/rgn/-cong-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/e|e]] {{Wt/rgn/-es-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-hu-}} {{Wt/rgn/-art-}} '''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/e'|e']], [[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l|l]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']], [[Wt/rgn/i|i]], [[Wt/rgn/j|j]], [[Wt/rgn/al|al]], [[Wt/rgn/agl'|agl']], [[Wt/rgn/agli|agli]] {{Wt/rgn/-oc-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-verb form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #{{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|3|s|in|pre|verb=aver}} {{Wt/rgn/-vec-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] [[Category:Wt/rgn]] 1981wk8dhrw7sy25wksvdbuhdokoijp 7386285 7386284 2026-11-09T16:59:50Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} '''a''' {{Wt/rgn/f}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # prèma lètra dl alfabēt latẽn {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' # prepuṣiziõn sẽmpliz {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' # la parsõna ch'la scor o scriv, in funziõn d [[Wt/rgn/sugët|sugët]] <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*me '''a''' jò vent'ẽn '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' # la parsõna ch'la scor o scriv e êtri parsõn, in funziõn d sugët <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*nō '''a''' sẽ d Furlè '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' # al parsõn (do o piò d do) ch'al rizēv un mesag, in funziõn d sugët <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*vō '''a''' si d Ravèna {{Wt/rgn/-sq-}} {{Wt/rgn/-cong-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/o|o]] {{Wt/rgn/-ca-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-egl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-fr-}} {{Wt/rgn/-verb-}} '''a''' # prèma parsõna singulêr dl'indicativ preṣẽnt de' verb [[Wt/rgn/Avoir|avoir]] {{Wt/rgn/-gl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-art-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/f}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} #[[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']] {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} [[Wt/rgn/la|la]] {{Wt/rgn/-en-}}{{Wt/rgn/-art-}}'''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/un|un]], [[Wt/rgn/una|una]], [[Wt/rgn/un'|un']] {{Wt/rgn/-it-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-lmo-}} {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pt-}}{{Wt/rgn/-art-}}'''a''' ''f. s.'' # [[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']] {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}}'''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''f. s.'' # [[Wt/rgn/la|la]] {{Wt/rgn/-sk-}} {{Wt/rgn/-cong-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/e|e]] {{Wt/rgn/-es-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-hu-}} {{Wt/rgn/-art-}} '''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/e'|e']], [[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l|l]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']], [[Wt/rgn/i|i]], [[Wt/rgn/j|j]], [[Wt/rgn/al|al]], [[Wt/rgn/agl'|agl']], [[Wt/rgn/agli|agli]] {{Wt/rgn/-oc-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-verb form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #{{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|3|s|in|pre|verb=aver}} {{Wt/rgn/-vec-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] [[Category:Wt/rgn]] t2fbbgehsq18altwbdpvldl123piysj 7386286 7386285 2026-11-09T17:00:08Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} '''a''' {{Wt/rgn/f}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # prèma lètra dl alfabēt latẽn {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' # prepuṣiziõn sẽmpliz {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' # la parsõna ch'la scor o scriv, in funziõn d [[Wt/rgn/sugët|sugët]] <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*me '''a''' jò vent'ẽn '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' # la parsõna ch'la scor o scriv e êtri parsõn, in funziõn d sugët <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*nō '''a''' sẽ d Furlè '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' # al parsõn (do o piò d do) ch'al rizēv un mesag, in funziõn d sugët <small>(fōrma dëbula)</small> #*vō '''a''' si d Ravèna {{Wt/rgn/-sq-}} {{Wt/rgn/-cong-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/o|o]] {{Wt/rgn/-ca-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-egl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-fr-}} {{Wt/rgn/-verb-}} '''a''' # prèma parsõna singulêr dl'indicativ preṣẽnt de' verb [[Wt/rgn/Avoir|avoir]] {{Wt/rgn/-gl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-art-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/f}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} #[[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']] {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/la|la]] {{Wt/rgn/-en-}}{{Wt/rgn/-art-}}'''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/un|un]], [[Wt/rgn/una|una]], [[Wt/rgn/un'|un']] {{Wt/rgn/-it-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-lmo-}} {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''1ª pars. sing.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''1ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] '''a''' ''2ª pars. plur.'' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pt-}}{{Wt/rgn/-art-}}'''a''' ''f. s.'' # [[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']] {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}}'''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-pr-}} '''a''' ''f. s.'' # [[Wt/rgn/la|la]] {{Wt/rgn/-sk-}} {{Wt/rgn/-cong-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/e|e]] {{Wt/rgn/-es-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-hu-}} {{Wt/rgn/-art-}} '''a''' # [[Wt/rgn/e'|e']], [[Wt/rgn/la|la]], [[Wt/rgn/l|l]], [[Wt/rgn/l'|l']], [[Wt/rgn/i|i]], [[Wt/rgn/j|j]], [[Wt/rgn/al|al]], [[Wt/rgn/agl'|agl']], [[Wt/rgn/agli|agli]] {{Wt/rgn/-oc-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] {{Wt/rgn/-verb form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #{{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|3|s|in|pre|verb=aver}} {{Wt/rgn/-vec-}} {{Wt/rgn/-prep-}} '''a''' #[[Wt/rgn/a#Rumagnôl|a]] [[Category:Wt/rgn]] cesz24hv5dlay2w7fhfpq5z14knl6wl 0 3813431 7386330 7360634 2026-11-09T18:57:45Z Yusmery94 2579626 7386330 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shimejüin.j.wav|thumb|Novio de ella]] {{Wt/guc/es}} Novio de ella {{Wt/guc/en}} her boyfriend [[Category:Wt/guc]] 7m29sm699s1l8gvw0acunmw4idp91ww 0 3814054 7386302 7335003 2026-11-09T18:05:47Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-|var=SM}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-|var=SM}} '''nòm''' {{Wt/rgn/s}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} (''pl:'' '''nóm''' o '''num'''<ref>Seravalòiṡ</ref>) #paròla ch la inssgna na persouna, un animèl o 'na roba, la pò èsa propri o cumun. #parta 'd dscòrs ch la inssgna un chicosa animèd o nà o 'd fantaṡì, e sia 'na persouna, un post o 'na roba. {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-|var=SM}} nòm {{Wt/rgn/-pron-|var=SM}} [ ˈnɔm ] {{Wt/rgn/-etim-|var=SM}} dal {{Wt/rgn/la|var=SM}} ''nōmĕn'' {{Wt/rgn/-sin-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-der-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-rel-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-ipon-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-iperon-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-prov-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-var-|var=SM}} # [[Wt/rgn/nöm|nöm]] (Ravèna)<ref>*{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |var =SM |aut =Franco Ponseggi |tit =Nuovo Vocabolario Romagnolo |ann =2024 |edi =Tempo al libro |loc =Fënza |edz =I |vol = |ser = |cap = |pag =82 |tra = |isb =9791281307117 |doi = |url = }}</ref> {{Wt/rgn/-alter-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-trans-|var=SM}} {| border=0 width=100% :*{{Wt/rgn/fr|var=SM}}:: nom, substantif :*{{Wt/rgn/en|var=SM}}:: name, noun :*{{Wt/rgn/it|var=SM}}:: nome, sostantivo |} {{Wt/rgn/-ca-|var=SM}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-|var=SM}} '''nom''' {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|nom]] {{Wt/rgn/-fr-|var=SM}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-|var=SM}} '''nom''' {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|nom]] {{Wt/rgn/-ref-|var=SM}} * {{Wt/rgn/it|var=SM}} ** {{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |var = |aut = |tit =Dizionario di dialetto sammarinese |ann =2021 |edi =Ente Cassa di Faetano |loc =San Marèin |edz =I |vol = |ser = |cap = |pag =238 |tra = |isb = |doi = |url = }} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnul urintel]] 06g9i8rc5sup9aqm9lyvo8ffsv10asr 7386303 7386302 2026-11-09T18:07:20Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-|var=SM}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-|var=SM}} '''nòm''' {{Wt/rgn/s}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} (''pl:'' '''nóm''' o '''num'''<ref>Seravalòiṡ</ref>) #paròla ch la inssgna na persouna, un animèl o 'na roba, la pò èsa propri o cumun. #parta 'd dscòrs ch la inssgna un chicosa animèd o nà o 'd fantaṡì, e sia 'na persouna, un post o 'na roba. {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-|var=SM}} nòm {{Wt/rgn/-pron-|var=SM}} [ ˈnɔm ] {{Wt/rgn/-etim-|var=SM}} dal {{Wt/rgn/la|var=SM}} ''nōmĕn'' {{Wt/rgn/-sin-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-der-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-rel-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-ipon-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-iperon-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-prov-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-var-|var=SM}} # [[Wt/rgn/nöm|nöm]] (Ravèna)<ref>*{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |var =SM |aut =Franco Ponseggi |tit =Nuovo Vocabolario Romagnolo |ann =2024 |edi =Tempo al libro |loc =Fënza |edz =I |vol = |ser = |cap = |pag =82 |tra = |isb =9791281307117 |doi = |url = }}</ref> {{Wt/rgn/-alter-|var=SM}} - {{Wt/rgn/-trans-|var=SM}} {| border=0 width=100% :*{{Wt/rgn/fr|var=SM}}:: nom, substantif :*{{Wt/rgn/en|var=SM}}:: name, noun :*{{Wt/rgn/it|var=SM}}:: nome, sostantivo |} {{Wt/rgn/-ca-|var=SM}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-|var=SM}} '''nom''' {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|nom]] {{Wt/rgn/-fr-|var=SM}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-|var=SM}} '''nom''' {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|nom]] {{Wt/rgn/-oc-|var=SM}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-|var=SM}} '''nom''' {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} # [[Wt/rgn/nom#Rumagnùl|nom]] {{Wt/rgn/-ref-|var=SM}} * {{Wt/rgn/it|var=SM}} ** {{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |var = |aut = |tit =Dizionario di dialetto sammarinese |ann =2021 |edi =Ente Cassa di Faetano |loc =San Marèin |edz =I |vol = |ser = |cap = |pag =238 |tra = |isb = |doi = |url = }} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnul urintel]] b1i5s8pfkfea8rcr93x596qa700biom 0 3824475 7386311 7358966 2026-11-09T18:33:06Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386311 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Onion.jpg|thumb|right|Una zola]] {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} ''f''. ''s''. (''pl''.: [[Wt/rgn/zol|zol]]) # piãnta ch'la s pö magnêr. E' su nöm ufiziêl l è ''Allium cepa'' # ẓarmej sutarãn {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-}} ;zò | la {{Wt/rgn/-sin-}} * [[Wt/rgn/patêta|patêta]] <small>(ẓarmej)</small> {{Wt/rgn/-var-}} * [[Wt/rgn/zvola|zvola]] <small>(piãnta)</small> {{Wt/rgn/-trans-}} * {{Wt/rgn/it}}: [[Wt/rgn/cipolla|cipolla]], [[Wt/rgn/bulbo|bulbo]] * {{Wt/rgn/en}}: [[Wt/rgn/onion|onion]] * {{Wt/rgn/es}}: [[Wt/rgn/cebolla|cebolla]] {{Wt/rgn/-eu-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/fond|fond]], [[Wt/rgn/cul|cul]] #[[Wt/rgn/parfond|parfond]] #[[Wt/rgn/tëra|tëra]] #[[Wt/rgn/salghê|salghê]], [[Wt/rgn/piancit|piancit]], [[Wt/rgn/pavimẽnt|pavimẽnt]] #[[Wt/rgn/sôla|sôla]] {{Wt/rgn/-ref-}} *rumagnôl: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |aut =Franco Ponseggi |tit =Nuovo vocabolario romagnolo |ann =2024 |edi =Tempo al Libro |loc =[[Wt/rgn/Fẽnza|Fẽnza]] |edz =1 |pag =137, 150 |isb=979-12-81307-11-7}} *basch: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita web|url=https://www.euskadi.eus/web01-apelhuya/es/ab34aElhuyarHiztegiaWar/ab34ahiztegia/bilatu|tit=Elhuyar Hiztegia|acc=9.11.2026}} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnôl ucidentêl]] gqt1dqnhysydiftbjy12fl3xeamf0fw 7386312 7386311 2026-11-09T18:34:10Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386312 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Onion.jpg|thumb|right|Una zola]] {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} ''f''. ''s''. (''pl''.: [[Wt/rgn/zol|zol]]) # piãnta ch'la s pö magnêr. E' su nöm ufiziêl l è ''Allium cepa'' # ẓarmej sutarãn {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-}} ;zò | la {{Wt/rgn/-sin-}} * [[Wt/rgn/patêta|patêta]] <small>(ẓarmej)</small> {{Wt/rgn/-var-}} * [[Wt/rgn/zvola|zvola]] <small>(piãnta)</small> {{Wt/rgn/-trans-}} * {{Wt/rgn/it}}: [[Wt/rgn/cipolla|cipolla]], [[Wt/rgn/bulbo|bulbo]] * {{Wt/rgn/en}}: [[Wt/rgn/onion|onion]] * {{Wt/rgn/es}}: [[Wt/rgn/cebolla|cebolla]] {{Wt/rgn/-eu-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/fond|fond]], [[Wt/rgn/cul|cul]] #[[Wt/rgn/parfond|parfond]] #[[Wt/rgn/tëra|tëra]] #[[Wt/rgn/salghê|salghê]], [[Wt/rgn/piancit|piancit]], [[Wt/rgn/pavimẽnt|pavimẽnt]] #[[Wt/rgn/sôla|sôla]] {{Wt/rgn/-ref-}} *rumagnôl: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |aut =Franco Ponseggi |tit =Nuovo vocabolario romagnolo |ann =2024 |edi =Tempo al Libro |loc =[[Wt/rgn/Fẽnza|Fẽnza]] |edz =1 |pag =137, 150 |isb=979-12-81307-11-7}} *basch: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita web|url=https://www.euskadi.eus/ab34aElhuyarHiztegiaWar/ab34ahiztegia|tit=Elhuyar Hiztegia|acc=9.11.2026}} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnôl ucidentêl]] gth2xbeq2zsvflb32b73eu63c1th3uq 7386313 7386312 2026-11-09T18:36:02Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386313 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Onion.jpg|thumb|right|Una zola]] {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} ''f''. ''s''. (''pl''.: [[Wt/rgn/zol|zol]]) # piãnta ch'la s pö magnêr. E' su nöm ufiziêl l è ''Allium cepa'' # ẓarmej sutarãn {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-}} ;zò | la {{Wt/rgn/-sin-}} * [[Wt/rgn/patêta|patêta]] <small>(ẓarmej)</small> {{Wt/rgn/-var-}} * [[Wt/rgn/zvola|zvola]] <small>(piãnta)</small> {{Wt/rgn/-trans-}} * {{Wt/rgn/it}}: [[Wt/rgn/cipolla|cipolla]], [[Wt/rgn/bulbo|bulbo]] * {{Wt/rgn/en}}: [[Wt/rgn/onion|onion]] * {{Wt/rgn/es}}: [[Wt/rgn/cebolla|cebolla]] {{Wt/rgn/-eu-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} #[[Wt/rgn/fond|fond]], [[Wt/rgn/cul|cul]] #[[Wt/rgn/parfond|parfond]] #[[Wt/rgn/tëra|tëra]] #[[Wt/rgn/salghê|salghê]], [[Wt/rgn/piancit|piancit]], [[Wt/rgn/pavimẽnt|pavimẽnt]] #[[Wt/rgn/sôla|sôla]] #[[Wt/rgn/fundamẽnt|fundamẽnt]], [[Wt/rgn/fundaziõn|fundaziõn]] {{Wt/rgn/-ref-}} *rumagnôl: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |aut =Franco Ponseggi |tit =Nuovo vocabolario romagnolo |ann =2024 |edi =Tempo al Libro |loc =[[Wt/rgn/Fẽnza|Fẽnza]] |edz =1 |pag =137, 150 |isb=979-12-81307-11-7}} *basch: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita web|url=https://www.euskadi.eus/ab34aElhuyarHiztegiaWar/ab34ahiztegia|tit=Elhuyar Hiztegia|acc=9.11.2026}} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnôl ucidentêl]] fgedk0j75gqbo0n0xea85044clhnvsg 7386314 7386313 2026-11-09T18:36:51Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386314 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Onion.jpg|thumb|right|Una zola]] {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} ''f''. ''s''. (''pl''.: [[Wt/rgn/zol|zol]]) # piãnta ch'la s pö magnêr. E' su nöm ufiziêl l è ''Allium cepa'' # ẓarmej sutarãn {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-}} ;zò | la {{Wt/rgn/-sin-}} * [[Wt/rgn/patêta|patêta]] <small>(ẓarmej)</small> {{Wt/rgn/-var-}} * [[Wt/rgn/zvola|zvola]] <small>(piãnta)</small> {{Wt/rgn/-trans-}} * {{Wt/rgn/it}}: [[Wt/rgn/cipolla|cipolla]], [[Wt/rgn/bulbo|bulbo]] * {{Wt/rgn/en}}: [[Wt/rgn/onion|onion]] * {{Wt/rgn/es}}: [[Wt/rgn/cebolla|cebolla]] {{Wt/rgn/-eu-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/s}} #[[Wt/rgn/fond|fond]], [[Wt/rgn/cul|cul]] #[[Wt/rgn/parfond|parfond]] #[[Wt/rgn/tëra|tëra]] #[[Wt/rgn/salghê|salghê]], [[Wt/rgn/piancit|piancit]], [[Wt/rgn/pavimẽnt|pavimẽnt]] #[[Wt/rgn/sôla|sôla]] #[[Wt/rgn/fundamẽnt|fundamẽnt]], [[Wt/rgn/fundaziõn|fundaziõn]] {{Wt/rgn/-ref-}} *rumagnôl: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |aut =Franco Ponseggi |tit =Nuovo vocabolario romagnolo |ann =2024 |edi =Tempo al Libro |loc =[[Wt/rgn/Fẽnza|Fẽnza]] |edz =1 |pag =137, 150 |isb=979-12-81307-11-7}} *basch: **{{Wt/rgn/Zita web|url=https://www.euskadi.eus/ab34aElhuyarHiztegiaWar/ab34ahiztegia|tit=Elhuyar Hiztegia|acc=9.11.2026}} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnôl ucidentêl]] 4givof4jhg9ohjhyoocf8702soqxkrg 0 3824681 7386689 7374945 2026-11-10T08:34:09Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7386689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Mathura banner.jpg|pgname=மதுரா}} '''மதுரா''' ([[Wy/ta/இந்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|இந்தி]]: मथुरा, ''மதுரா'') என்பது [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்|உத்தரப் பிரதேச]] மாநிலத்தில், பிரஜ் பிராந்தியத்தில், யமுனை ஆற்றின் கரையில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு புனிதமான நகரமாகும். இந்துக்கள் வழிபடும் விஷ்ணுவின் அவதாரமான கிருஷ்ணர் இங்குதான் பிறந்ததாக நம்பப்படுவதால், இது ஒரு புகழ்பெற்ற புனிதத் தலமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == '''மதுரா''' என்பது இந்தியாவின் உத்தரப் பிரதேச மாநிலத்தில் உள்ள 'ப்ராஜ்' பகுதியில், யமுனை ஆற்றின் கரையில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு புனிதமான இந்து நகரமாகும். இந்துக்களின் கடவுளான விஷ்ணுவின் அவதாரமான கிருஷ்ணர் இங்குதான் பிறந்ததாக நம்பப்படுவதால், இது ஒரு புகழ்பெற்ற புனித யாத்திரைத் தலமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == === வானூர்தியில் === மதுராவிலிருந்து 50 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ள ஆக்ரா (AGR IATA) விமான நிலையம் மிக அருகிலுள்ள விமான நிலையமாகும். பெரும்பாலான சர்வதேச மற்றும் உள்நாட்டு விமானங்கள் டெல்லியில் உள்ள IGI விமான நிலையத்தில் (DEL IATA) தரையிறங்குகின்றன; இது மதுராவிலிருந்து 150 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது. மதுராவிலிருந்து தாஜ் விரைவுச்சாலை வழியாக ஒன்றரை மணி நேரப் பயணத்தில் சென்றடையக்கூடிய வகையில், புதிதாக அமையவுள்ள சர்வதேச விமான நிலையம் ஒன்றும் பயன்பாட்டிற்கு வரவுள்ளது. ===தொடருந்தில்=== மதுரா சந்திப்பு ( MTJ )ரயில் நிலையம். டெல்லி மற்றும் ஆக்ரா இடையேயான பெரும்பாலான ரயில்கள் மதுராவில் நிற்கின்றன. டெல்லியில் இருந்து பயணம் ரயில் வகையைப் பொறுத்து இரண்டு முதல் மூன்று மணிநேரம் ஆகும், ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து பயணம் சுமார் ஒரு மணி நேரம் ஆகும். தெற்கு மற்றும் மேற்கு நோக்கி செல்லும் பெரும்பாலான ரயில்கள் மதுராவில் நின்று செல்லும். இருப்பினும், வந்தே பாரத் ரயில்கள் மதுராவில் நிற்பதில்லை. ===பேருந்தில்=== மதுரா வழியாகப் பல மாநிலப் போக்குவரத்துத் துறைப் பேருந்துகள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், டெல்லியின் சராய் காலே கான் பகுதியிலிருந்து 25 நிமிட இடைவெளியில் இயங்கும் மாநிலங்களுக்கு இடையிலான பேருந்து முனைய (ISBT) சேவைகளும் உள்ளன. ===சிற்றுந்தில்=== மதுரா நகரம் NH 44-இல் டெல்லிக்கும் ஆக்ராவுக்கும் இடையே அமைந்துள்ளது; இது டெல்லியிலிருந்து தெற்கே சுமார் 150 கி.மீ தொலைவிலும், ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து வடக்கே 50 கி.மீ தொலைவிலும் உள்ளது. இந்நகரத்தின் கிழக்குப் பகுதியில் யமுனா விரைவுச்சாலை அமைந்துள்ளது. சாலை வழியாக மதுரா நகரம், நாட்டின் தலைநகரான டெல்லி, மாநிலத் தலைநகரான லக்னோ மற்றும் இந்தியாவின் அனைத்து முக்கிய நகரங்களுடனும் நன்கு இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == 1 '''அரசு அருங்காட்சியகம்''', அருங்காட்சியகம் சாலை, டாம்ப்பியர் நகர், சௌபே பரா, ☏ +91 8889 904541. செவ்வாய் முதல் சனி வரை காலை 10:30 மணி முதல் மாலை 4:30 மணி வரை; பொது விடுமுறை நாட்களில் மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும். மதுரா மற்றும் காந்தாரச் சிற்பக் கலைக்கு ஆசியாவிலேயே மிகப்பெரிய மற்றும் மிகச் சிறந்த அருங்காட்சியகம் இதுவாகும். தொல்லியல் முக்கியத்துவம் வாய்ந்த மிகச்சிறந்த சேகரிப்புகளை இது கொண்டுள்ளது. குப்தர் மற்றும் குஷானர் காலத்தைச் (கி.மு. 400 - கி.பி. 1200) சேர்ந்த அரிய பொருட்கள் இங்கு காட்சிக்கு வைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளை ஈர்க்கும் முக்கிய இடமாக இது திகழ்கிறது. அகண்ட் ஜோதி சன்ஸ்தான், கியா மண்டி. 2 '''பசந்தர் பூங்கா'''. பசந்தர் போரின் (1971 போர்) வெற்றியை நினைவுகூரும் வகையில் இது அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. 3 '''பிர்லா கோயில்'''. 4 '''துவாரகாதீஷ் கோயில்'''. 1814-ல் கட்டப்பட்ட இக்கோயில் நகரின் முதன்மையான கோயிலாகும். ஹோலி, ஜன்மாஷ்டமி மற்றும் தீபாவளி போன்ற பண்டிகை நாட்களில் இது மிகப்பிரம்மாண்டமாக அலங்கரிக்கப்படுகிறது. காயத்ரி தபோபூமி (முதல் காயத்ரி கோயில்), பிருந்தாவன் சாலை. கீதா கோயில் (நகரின் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியில்). இக்கோயிலின் சிற்ப வேலைப்பாடுகளும் ஓவியங்களும் முக்கிய ஈர்ப்பாக உள்ளன. ஜெய் குருதேவ் கோயில் (நாம் யோக சாதனா மந்திர்), மாதவபுரி. மகான் பாபா ஜெய் குருதேவ் அவர்களால் இது கட்டப்பட்டது. இது தாஜ்மஹாலைப் போன்ற தோற்றத்துடன், வெண் பளிங்குக் கற்களால் கட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது. அசைவம் உண்பவர்கள் நன்கொடை அளிப்பதற்குத் தடை விதிக்கப்பட்டிருப்பது இக்கோயிலின் தனித்துவமான அம்சமாகும். 5 '''ஜமா மஸ்ஜித்'''. கி.பி. 1661-ல் அபு-இன்-நபிர்-கானால் கட்டப்பட்ட இச்சிறப்புமிக்க மசூதியில் நான்கு உயரமான பள்ளிவாசல் தூபிகள் உள்ளன; இதில் பிரகாசமான வண்ணங்களிலான சிறு வண்ணக் கற்கள் (மொசைக் / பலகல்) வேலைப்பாடுகள் இருந்தன, அவற்றில் சில பகுதிகள் இன்றும் காணப்படுகின்றன. 6 '''கிருஷ்ண ஜன்மபூமி'''. இத்தொகுப்பில் பார்வையிட இரண்டு முக்கிய இடங்கள் உள்ளன. முதலாவது, ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணரின் பெற்றோரான வாசுதேவர் மற்றும் தேவகி ஆகியோர் சிறைவைக்கப்பட்டிருந்த சிறை அறையாகும். இவ்விடம் பிரதான வளாகத்தின் இடதுபுறத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இதுவே பகவான் ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணர் பிறந்த அறையாகும்; எனவே, அவரது அனைத்து பக்தர்களுக்கும் இது உலகின் மிகப்புனிதமான இடமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. இந்த அறையில் உள்ள ஆன்மீக மற்றும் தெய்வீக ஆற்றலை எவராலும் உணர முடியும். இங்கு தரிசனம் செய்த பிறகு, அருகில் உள்ள பிரம்மாண்டமான கோயிலுக்குச் செல்லலாம். ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணர் மற்றும் ராதையின் சிலைகள் மிகவும் அழகாகவும், பக்தர்களுக்கு மன அமைதியைத் தருவதாகவும் உள்ளன. இறை நம்பிக்கை இல்லாதவர்கள் கூட இதன் சிறப்பை உணர்வார்கள் என்று உறுதியாக நம்பப்படுகிறது. இங்கு பிற தெய்வங்களின் சிலைகளும் உள்ளன. சுவர்கள் மற்றும் மேற்கூரையில் ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணரின் வாழ்க்கையில் நடந்த முக்கிய நிகழ்வுகள் ஓவியங்களாக வரையப்பட்டுள்ளன. நிர்வாகம் அனுமதித்தால், படிக்கட்டுகள் வழியாக மேலே சென்று சிலைகளைச் சிறப்பாகக் காணலாம். மதுரா ஜெயின் சௌராசி (NH-2 சாலையில்). இது சமணர்களின் வழிபாட்டுத் தலமாகும். இங்கு ஒரே கல்லில் (கிரானைட்) செதுக்கப்பட்ட ஜம்பு சுவாமியின் மிகப்பெரிய சிலை (சுமார் 7 மீட்டர் உயரம்) உள்ளது. இதில் தெய்வம் அமர்ந்த நிலையில் காட்சியளிக்கிறது. மதுரா சுத்திகரிப்பு நிலையம். மாலையில் இங்குள்ள மின்விளக்கு அலங்காரத்தைக் காணலாம்; ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து மாலையில் வரும்போது இந்த அழகான காட்சியை ரசிக்கலாம். பழைய கோட்டை (கன்ஸ் கிலா) (சுவாமி காட் அருகே). யமுனை நதியிலிருந்து நகரத்தைப் பாதுகாக்க மதுராவில் கட்டப்பட்ட முக்கிய கோட்டை இதுவாகும். இந்தக் கோட்டை கட்டப்படாவிட்டால், வெள்ளக் காலங்களில் யமுனை நதியின் நீர் நகரத்தை மூழ்கடித்து அழித்திருக்கும். ஸ்ரீ துவாரகா தீஷ் கோயில், யமுனை நதிக்கு அருகில் (முதலில் ஹோலி கேட் சென்று, பின்னர் சத்தா பஜார் வழியாக நேராக யமுனை நதியை நோக்கிச் செல்ல வேண்டும்; வழியில் யாரிடமாவது கேட்டால் கோயிலை அடையலாம்). இது 400 ஆண்டுகள் பழமையான கோயில். இது வெளியிலும் உள்ளேயும் மிகவும் அழகாகக் காட்சியளிக்கிறது. ஸ்ரீ கணேஷ் கோயில் (சித்தி விநாயகர்), கணேஷ் திலா (ஜெய்சிங் புரா, பிருந்தாவன் சாலை) பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளது. விஷ்ராம் காட். கொடுங்கோலன் கம்சனை வதம் செய்த பிறகு கிருஷ்ணர் ஓய்வெடுத்த இடமாக இந்துக்களால் நம்பப்படும் புனிதமான தலம் இதுவாகும். இங்கு யமுனை நதிக்கான மாலை நேர ஆரத்தியை ரசியுங்கள். மேலும், ஆற்றையும் அங்குள்ள ராட்சத ஆமைகளையும் காணுங்கள். == செய்யுங்கள் == படகு சவாரி. புனிதமான யமுனை ஆற்றில் படகு சவாரி மற்றும் ஆற்றின் மறுபுறம் அமைந்துள்ள துர்வாச ரிஷி கோயிலுக்குச் செல்லுதல். ராணி ஹன்சியாவின் காலத்தில் சிவப்பு கற்களால் கட்டப்பட்டதும், அவர் குளிப்பதற்குப் பயன்படுத்தியதுமான அழகான 'ஹன்சியா ராணி காட்' (படித்துறை) பகுதிக்குச் செல்லுங்கள். ஜன்மாஷ்டமி. ராம்லீலா. செப்டம்பர்-அக்டோபர் மாதங்களில் நடைபெறும். இது ராமரின் கதையை அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்ட ஒரு நாடக நிகழ்ச்சியாகும். இதில் 'ராம் பாரத்' (ராமரின் திருமண ஊர்வலம்) முக்கிய நிகழ்வாக அமைகிறது. ராம் பாரத்தின் போது, ​​'அகடா'க்களில் (பாரம்பரிய மற்போர் மற்றும் பயிற்சி களங்களில்) நடைபெறும் சுவாரஸ்யமான வாள் சண்டை மற்றும் பிற சண்டை முறைகளைக் காணலாம். == வாங்குங்கள் == காயத்ரி தபோபூமி (பிருந்தாவன் சாலை), ☏ +91 565 - 2530128, +91 565 2530399. காயத்ரி பரிவார் என்பது வாழ்க்கையின் பல்வேறு அம்சங்கள் குறித்த புத்தகங்களை விற்பனை செய்யும் ஒரு இலாப நோக்கற்ற அமைப்பாகும். இங்கு இந்தி, ஆங்கிலம் மற்றும் இந்தியாவின் பல பிராந்திய மொழிகளில் புத்தகங்கள் கிடைக்கின்றன. பித்தளை அல்லது செம்புப் பூசைப் பொருட்கள். ஆடைகள். NH-2 சாலையில் (ஆக்ரா செல்லும் வழியில்) உள்ள தொழிற்சாலை விற்பனை நிலையங்களில் கிடைக்கும் தோல் காலணிகள். பால் பொருட்கள். பூசைப் பொருட்கள். இனிப்புகள். == உண்ணுங்கள் == பால் மற்றும் பால் பொருட்களால் செய்யப்பட்ட இனிப்புகள் மதுராவின் சிறப்பு. மதுரா "பேட்" (பால் மற்றும் சர்க்கரையால் செய்யப்பட்ட இனிப்பு) க்கு பிரபலமானது. இனிப்புகளை முயற்சிப்பதற்கான சிறந்த கடைகள் உள்ளன , இது மதுராவில் ஜன்பூமிக்கு எதிரே, ஹோலிகேட், சௌக் பஜார் மற்றும் நியூ ரோடுவேஸ் பேருந்து நிலையம் போன்ற 4-5 இடங்களில் அமைந்துள்ளது. மதுராவில் உள்ள மற்றொரு பிரபலமான உணவுப் பொருள் கச்சோரி மற்றும் ஜலேபி ஆகும். கச்சோரி என்பது "அல்லு கி சப்ஜி" (காரமான உருளைக்கிழங்கு கறி) உடன் வழங்கப்படும் சிற்றுண்டி மற்றும் ஜிலேபி ஒரு இனிப்பு. மதுராவில் காலை நேரத்தில் கச்சோரி கடைகளுக்கு முன் கூட்ட நெரிசலைக் காணலாம். நீங்கள் மதுராவில் இருந்தால், உங்கள் இடைவேளைக்கு கச்சோரி மற்றும் ஜலேபியை முயற்சிக்க வேண்டும். மதுராவில் முயற்சிக்க வேண்டிய மற்றொரு பிரபலமான பொருள் "சாட்", குறிப்பாக "கோல் - கப்பே" (பானி-பூரி) ஆகும். பல விற்பனையாளர்கள் உள்ளனர், இது உங்கள் ரசனையைப் பொறுத்தது. ஹோலி கேட் முதல் சௌக் பஜார் வரை உள்ள விற்பனையாளரிடம் நீங்கள் சுவைக்கலாம். == பருகுங்கள் == ஜல்ஜீரா - செரிமானத்திற்கு உதவும் பானம். மண் குவளையில் பரிமாறப்படும் தயிர் மற்றும் சர்க்கரை சேர்த்து (லஸ்ஸி). பால் பாதாம் (குளிர்ந்த பாலில் பாதாம் மற்றும் பிற உலர் பழங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுத் தயாரிக்கப்பட்டது). மண் குவளையில் பரிமாறப்படும் இனிப்பு கலந்த சூடான பால். தண்டாய். பழச்சாறு. == அடுத்த இலக்கு == '''கோகுல் தடுப்பணையின் நீர் தேக்கம்''' (தெற்கே 2 கி.மீ) '''பால்டியோ''' (தென்கிழக்கே 22 கி.மீ) '''கோகுல்''' (கிழக்கே 10 கி.மீ) '''கோவர்தன்''' (மேற்கே 20 கி.மீ) '''கோவர்தன் பரிக்ரமா''' (வலம் வருதல் அல்லது பிரதட்சிணம்). சிலர் நடந்தும், சிலர் ஒவ்வொரு அடியிலும் சாஷ்டாங்க நமஸ்காரம் செய்தும், சிலர் மிக மெதுவாக அடிக்கு அடி வைத்தும் வலம் வருகின்றனர்; நடக்க இயலாத முதியவர்கள் வாகனம் அல்லது ரிக்ஷாவைப் பயன்படுத்துகின்றனர். வலம் வரும்போதோ அல்லது பொதுவாக விரஜ பூமியில் (Brajbhumi) இருக்கும்போதோ எப்போதும் 'ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணா' என்று ஜபிப்பதை நினைவில் கொள்க. '''கீதம் பறவைகள் சரணாலயம், கீதம்''', NH-2 (தெற்கே 35 கி.மீ) '''கெல்வா தேவ் சரணாலயம், பரத்பூர்''' (மேற்கே 35 கி.மீ) யமுனை நதிக்கரையில் உள்ள கிராமப்புற மதுரா '''பிருந்தாவனம்''' (வடகிழக்கே 10 கி.மீ) dkv158dlmy4ac9j6wlkm7blglq5zvf5 2 3827349 7386682 7374577 2026-11-10T08:25:55Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7386682 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A Sathiyamurthy- sathiyapaval.jpg|right|312x312px]] I am A.sathiyamurthy. My user name is sathiyapaval. I belong to chennai (Tamilnadu). My native language is Tamil, but I am curious about other languages. Contributing to sister projects (Wikivoyage - விக்கி பயணம்) '''கட்டுரைகள்''' '''நாடுகள்''' [[Wy/ta/பொலிவியா|பொலிவியா]] பார்படோசு பகாமாசு பகுரைன் அந்தோரா அசர்பைசான் வங்காளதேசம் '''நகரங்கள்''' கோட்டயம் [[Wy/ta/ஆக்ரா|ஆக்ரா]] மதுரா அமிர்தசரசு தர்மசாலா காத்மாண்டு கிளிமஞ்சாரோ மலை '''மற்றவை''' சத்திரபதி சிவாசி தொடருந்து நிலையம் jfre1hi871gsqt0fvaq8y0pkt7lg2cz 7386683 7386682 2026-11-10T08:27:58Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7386683 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A Sathiyamurthy- sathiyapaval.jpg|right|312x312px]] I am A.sathiyamurthy. My user name is sathiyapaval. I belong to chennai (Tamilnadu). My native language is Tamil, but I am curious about english languages. Contributing to sister projects (Wikivoyage - விக்கி பயணம்) '''கட்டுரைகள்''' '''நாடுகள்''' [[Wy/ta/பொலிவியா|பொலிவியா]] பார்படோசு பகாமாசு பகுரைன் அந்தோரா அசர்பைசான் வங்காளதேசம் '''நகரங்கள்''' கோட்டயம் [[Wy/ta/ஆக்ரா|ஆக்ரா]] மதுரா அமிர்தசரசு தர்மசாலா காத்மாண்டு கிளிமஞ்சாரோ மலை '''மற்றவை''' சத்திரபதி சிவாசி தொடருந்து நிலையம் 22oi0ujmu1hzhkf33wbriiapnto36eu 7386685 7386683 2026-11-10T08:29:28Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7386685 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A Sathiyamurthy- sathiyapaval.jpg|right|312x312px]] I am A.sathiyamurthy. My user name is sathiyapaval. I belong to chennai (Tamilnadu). My native language is Tamil, but I am curious about english languages. Contributing to sister projects (Wikivoyage - விக்கி பயணம்) === '''கட்டுரைகள்''' === === '''நாடுகள்''' === [[Wy/ta/பொலிவியா|பொலிவியா]] பார்படோசு பகாமாசு பகுரைன் அந்தோரா அசர்பைசான் வங்காளதேசம் === '''நகரங்கள்''' === கோட்டயம் [[Wy/ta/ஆக்ரா|ஆக்ரா]] மதுரா அமிர்தசரசு தர்மசாலா காத்மாண்டு கிளிமஞ்சாரோ மலை === '''மற்றவை''' === சத்திரபதி சிவாசி தொடருந்து நிலையம் abumksbbeqifg8yylm32jy9nbutclpq 0 3827490 7386539 7375176 2026-11-10T03:51:34Z Chersie06 2594754 7386539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Laj Kantite tan yon bagay, yon moun gen depi li egziste. Kantite tan yon bagay gen depi li te fèt, yon moun te kreye li, te envante li.|egzanp=Men lajè chanm kay la.|kontrè=Etwat}} {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Laj: yon bagay ki laj anpil.}} 1idybgdxbi4whl6lhx5d84jopuqlkn2 0 3827674 7386615 7377564 2026-11-10T06:33:33Z WikiFayo95 2609576 /* Ferkeer */ 7386615 wikitext text/x-wiki Dat gift 'n waasend tóól fan Wikipedia-projekten, fan däi wat läip aktiif bünt, annernt d'r teegen eerder stağnäärent. Disser liest sal as läiddróód föör disser projekten däinen, dat säi 'n minstmóóet an grundläegend, nütselk inf'rmóósjoonen undhollent. Up disser wîis söölent däi benütsers d'r tau anreeğt worden, disser projekten t' bruuken un tau höör waasdaum bii t' dróógen. Däi artikkels sullent t'minst grundläegend inf'rmóósjoonen tau däi behannelt teemen undhollen un soo näit alleniğ 'n nütselk inf'rmóósjoonswäel föör däi leesders dorstellen, man ook 'n uutgaangspunkt föör taukumstiğ waasdaum bäiden. Dit is 'n liest fan 1.000 bóósisartikkels, däi elker wikipedia undhollen sul. Disser siid sul däi sülviğ artikkels undhollen as [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_articles_every_Wikipedia_should_have/Version_1.5 meta:List of articles every Wikipedia should have/Version 1.5]. Enkeldent fan däi artikkels stóónt d'r in '''fäet skrift'''. Dat bedüd't, dat dat läip wichtiğ is, dat säi in 'n wikipedia undhollen bünt. {| class="wikitable" |+ |- !Seksjoon!!Artikkelantóól |- |Biogróófii||204 |- |Filosoofii||12 |- |Religjoon||23 |- |Sosjóólwäitenskup||77 |- |Tóól un litteróótüer||46 |- |Kultüer, künst un unnerhollen||75 |- |Móóten un äinhäiden||12 |- |Wäitenskup||258 |- |* Astronoomii||22 |- |* Bioloogii||83 |- |* Sundhaid un medsiin||38 |- |* Skeemii||27 |- |* Geowäitenskup||21 |- |* Füüsik||39 |- |* Matemóótik||26 |- |Naarungsmiddel un landwirtskaft||34 |- |Technoloogii||67 |- |Histoorje||46 |- |Geogróófii||146 |- |'''In 't gehäil''' || '''1000''' |} == Biogróófii == === Künstlers un architekten === # [[Wp/frs/Le Corbusier|Le Corbusier]] # [[Wp/frs/Salvador Dalí|Salvador Dalí]] # [[Wp/frs/Albrecht Dürer|Albrecht Dürer]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Francisco de Goya|Francisco de Goya]] # [[Wp/frs/Katsushika Hokusai|Katsushika Hokusai]] # [[Wp/frs/Frida Kahlo|Frida Kahlo]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo da Vinci]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Henri Matisse|Henri Matisse]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Michelangelo|Michelangelo]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Raphael|Raphael]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Rembrandt|Rembrandt]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Peter Paul Rubens|Peter Paul Rubens]] # [[Wp/frs/Mimar Sinan|Mimar Sinan]] # [[Wp/frs/Diego Velázquez|Diego Velázquez]] # [[Wp/frs/Andy Warhol|Andy Warhol]] # [[Wp/frs/Frank Lloyd Wright|Frank Lloyd Wright]] === Aautooren, dramóótikkers un poeeten === # [[Wp/frs/Abu Nuwas|Abu Nuwas]] # [[Wp/frs/Hans Christian Andersen|Hans Christian Andersen]] # [[Wp/frs/Jane Austen|Jane Austen]] # [[Wp/frs/Bashō|Bashō]] # [[Wp/frs/Jorge Luis Borges|Jorge Luis Borges]] # [[Wp/frs/George Byron|George Byron]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Miguel de Cervantes|Miguel de Cervantes]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Geoffrey Chaucer|Geoffrey Chaucer]] # [[Wp/frs/Anton Chekhov|Anton Chekhov]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Charles Dickens|Charles Dickens]] # [[Wp/frs/Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] # [[Wp/frs/Gabriel García Márquez|Gabriel García Márquez]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Hafez|Hafez]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Homer|Homer]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Victor Hugo|Victor Hugo]]''' # [[Wp/frs/James Joyce|James Joyce]] # [[Wp/frs/Franz Kafka|Franz Kafka]] # [[Wp/frs/Kālidāsa|Kālidāsa]] # [[Wp/frs/Li Bai|Li Bai]] # [[Wp/frs/Naguib Mahfouz|Naguib Mahfouz]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Molière|Molière]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Ovid|Ovid]] # [[Wp/frs/Marcel Proust|Marcel Proust]] # [[Wp/frs/Alexander Pushkin|Alexander Pushkin]] # '''[[Wp/frs/William Shakespeare|William Shakespeare]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Sophocles|Sophocles]] # [[Wp/frs/Rabindranath Tagore|Rabindranath Tagore]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Leo Tolstoy|Leo Tolstoy]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Mark Twain|Mark Twain]] # [[Wp/frs/Virgil|Virgil]] === Kumponisten un musikkers === # [[Wp/frs/Louis Armstrong|Louis Armstrong]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/The Beatles|The Beatles]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Ludwig van Beethoven|Ludwig van Beethoven]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Johannes Brahms|Johannes Brahms]] # [[Wp/frs/Frédéric Chopin|Frédéric Chopin]] # [[Wp/frs/Antonín Dvořák|Antonín Dvořák]] # [[Wp/frs/Georg Frideric Handel|Georg Frideric Handel]] # [[Wp/frs/Joseph Haydn|Joseph Haydn]] # [[Wp/frs/Michael Jackson|Michael Jackson]] # [[Wp/frs/Umm Kulthum|Umm Kulthum]] # [[Wp/frs/Gustav Mahler|Gustav Mahler]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina|Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]] # [[Wp/frs/Giacomo Puccini|Giacomo Puccini]] # [[Wp/frs/Franz Schubert|Franz Schubert]] # [[Wp/frs/Igor Stravinsky|Igor Stravinsky]] # [[Wp/frs/Petr Tchaikovsky|Petr Tchaikovsky]] # [[Wp/frs/Giuseppe Verdi|Giuseppe Verdi]] # [[Wp/frs/Antonio Vivaldi|Antonio Vivaldi]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner]]''' === Unddekkers un raajsders === # [[Wp/frs/Roald Amundsen|Roald Amundsen]] # [[Wp/frs/Neil Armstrong|Neil Armstrong]] # [[Wp/frs/Jacques Cartier|Jacques Cartier]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]]''' # [[Wp/frs/James Cook|James Cook]] # [[Wp/frs/Hernán Cortés|Hernán Cortés]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Yuri Gagarin|Yuri Gagarin]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] # [[Wp/frs/Ibn Battuta|Ibn Battuta]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Marco Polo|Marco Polo]] # [[Wp/frs/Zheng He|Zheng He]] === Filmrezjissöören, draajbaukaautooren un skaauspöölers === # [[Wp/frs/Ingmar Bergman|Ingmar Bergman]] # [[Wp/frs/Sarah Bernhardt|Sarah Bernhardt]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Charlie Chaplin|Charlie Chaplin]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Marlene Dietrich|Marlene Dietrich]] # [[Wp/frs/Walt Disney|Walt Disney]] # [[Wp/frs/Sergei Eisenstein|Sergei Eisenstein]] # [[Wp/frs/Federico Fellini|Federico Fellini]] # [[Wp/frs/Alfred Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock]] # [[Wp/frs/Stanley Kubrick|Stanley Kubrick]] # [[Wp/frs/Akira Kurosawa|Akira Kurosawa]] # [[Wp/frs/Marilyn Monroe|Marilyn Monroe]] # [[Wp/frs/Satyajit Ray|Satyajit Ray]] === Erfinners, wäitenskuppers un matemóótikkers === # '''[[Wp/frs/Archimedes|Archimedes]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Avicenna|Avicenna]] # [[Wp/frs/Tim Berners-Lee|Tim Berners-Lee]] # [[Wp/frs/Brahmagupta|Brahmagupta]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Marie Curie|Marie Curie]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Thomas Edison|Thomas Edison]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Euclid|Euclid]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]] # [[Wp/frs/Michael Faraday|Michael Faraday]] # [[Wp/frs/Enrico Fermi|Enrico Fermi]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Henry Ford|Henry Ford]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Galen|Galen]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Carl Friedrich Gauss|Carl Friedrich Gauss]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Johannes Gutenberg|Johannes Gutenberg]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/David Hilbert|David Hilbert]]''' # [[Wp/frs/James Prescott Joule|James Prescott Joule]] # [[Wp/frs/Johannes Kepler|Johannes Kepler]] # [[Wp/frs/Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi|Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]] # [[Wp/frs/Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]] # [[Wp/frs/Carl Linnaeus|Carl Linnaeus]] # [[Wp/frs/James Clerk Maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]] # [[Wp/frs/Dmitri Mendeleev|Dmitri Mendeleev]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Sir Isaac Newton|Sir Isaac Newton]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Louis Pasteur|Louis Pasteur]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Max Planck|Max Planck]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Ernest Rutherford|Ernest Rutherford]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Erwin Schrödinger|Erwin Schrödinger]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Alan Turing|Alan Turing]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/James Watt|James Watt]]''' === Filosoofen un sosjóólwäitenskuppers === # '''[[Wp/frs/Aristoteles|Aristoteles]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Simone de Beauvoir|Simone de Beauvoir]] # [[Wp/frs/Chanakya|Chanakya]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Kunfusius|Kunfusius]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/René Descartes|René Descartes]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] # [[Wp/frs/Martin Heidegger|Martin Heidegger]] # [[Wp/frs/Ibn Khaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Immanuel Kant|Immanuel Kant]]''' # [[Wp/frs/John Maynard Keynes|John Maynard Keynes]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Laozi|Laozi]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/John Locke|John Locke]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Niccolò Machiavelli|Niccolò Machiavelli]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Karl Marx|Karl Marx]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Plato|Plato]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] # [[Wp/frs/Jean-Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]] # [[Wp/frs/Sima Qian|Sima Qian]] # [[Wp/frs/Adam Smith|Adam Smith]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Sokrates|Sokrates]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Voltaire|Voltaire]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Max Weber|Max Weber]] # [[Wp/frs/Ludwig Wittgenstein|Ludwig Wittgenstein]] # [[Wp/frs/Zhu Xi|Zhu Xi]] === Politisk förders === # [[Wp/frs/Akbar|Akbar]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Aleksander däi Grôot|Aleksander däi Grôot]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Ashoka|Ashoka]] <!-- Great Indian monarch of antiquity; spread Buddhism --> # [[Wp/frs/Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Augustus|Augustus]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Otto von Bismarck|Otto von Bismarck]] # [[Wp/frs/Simón Bolívar|Simón Bolívar]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon Bonaparte]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]] # [[Wp/frs/Kaarl däi Grôot|Kaarl däi Grôot]] # [[Wp/frs/Winston Churchill|Winston Churchill]] # [[Wp/frs/Kunstantiin däi Grôot|Kunstantiin däi Grôot]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Küros däi Grôot|Küros däi Grôot]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Charles de Gaulle|Charles de Gaulle]] # [[Wp/frs/Elizabeth I fan Engelland|Elizabeth I fan Engelland]] # [[Wp/frs/Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Che Guevara|Che Guevara]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]] # [[Wp/frs/Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Vladimir Lenin|Vladimir Lenin]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]] # [[Wp/frs/Louis XIV|Louis XIV]] # [[Wp/frs/Rosa Luxemburg|Rosa Luxemburg]] # [[Wp/frs/Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]] # [[Wp/frs/Mao Zedong|Mao Zedong]] # [[Wp/frs/Jawaharlal Nehru|Jawaharlal Nehru]] # [[Wp/frs/Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[Wp/frs/Peter the Great|Peter the Great]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Qin Shi Huang|Qin Shi Huang]]'''<!-- Created first Chinese state and dynasty --> # [[Wp/frs/Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] # [[Wp/frs/Saladin|Saladin]] # [[Wp/frs/Joseph Stalin|Joseph Stalin]] # [[Wp/frs/Süleiman däi Prachtiğ|Süleiman däi Prachtiğ]] <!-- Greatest Ottoman sultan --> # [[Wp/frs/Sun Yat-sen|Sun Yat-sen]] # [[Wp/frs/Tamerlane|Tamerlane]] # [[Wp/frs/Umar|Umar]] <!-- Conquered Persia, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt for Islam --> # '''[[Wp/frs/George Washington|George Washington]]''' === Religjööes figüren un teoloogen === # [[Wp/frs/Óóbróóm|Óóbróóm]] # [[Wp/frs/Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]] # [[Wp/frs/Augustinus fan Hippo|Augustinus fan Hippo]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Buddó|Buddó]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Al-Ghazali|Al-Ghazali]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Jäisus|Jäisus]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Maarten Lütter|Maarten Lütter]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Môos|Môos]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Muhammad|Muhammad]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]] == Filosoofii == # [[Wp/frs/Óóteismus|Óóteismus]] # [[Wp/frs/Moojiğkaid|Moojiğkaid]] # [[Wp/frs/Dióólektik|Dióólektik]] # [[Wp/frs/Eetik|Eetik]] # [[Wp/frs/Epistemoloogii|Epistemoloogii]] # [[Wp/frs/Fräej wiel|Fräej wiel]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Wäiten|Wäiten]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Loogik|Loogik]] # [[Wp/frs/Materióólisus|Materióólisus]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Filosoofii|Filosoofii]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Reóólitäit|Reóólitäit]] # [[Wp/frs/Worhaid|Worhaid]] == Religjoon == # [[Wp/frs/Fundómentóólismus|Fundómentóólismus]] # '''[[Wp/frs/God|God]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Monoteismus|Monoteismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Politeismus|Politeismus]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Müütoloogii|Müütoloogii]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Religjoon|Religjoon]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Säiel|Säiel]]''' # Bestemt religjoonen ## '''[[Wp/frs/Buddismus|Buddismus]]''' ## '''[[Wp/frs/Kristendaum|Kristendaum]]''' ### [[Wp/frs/Ketoolsk Kâark|Ketoolsk Kâark]] ## [[Wp/frs/Kunfusióónismus|Kunfusióónismus]] ## '''[[Wp/frs/Hinduismus|Hinduismus]]''' ### [[Wp/frs/Trimurti|Trimurti]] ## '''[[Wp/frs/Islam|Islam]]''' ### [[Wp/frs/Sunniitsk Islam|Sunniitsk Islam]] ## [[Wp/frs/Jainismus|Jainismus]] ## '''[[Wp/frs/Jöödendaum|Jöödendaum]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Sikhismus|Sikhismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Taoismus|Taoismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Tsoroastrismus|Tsoroastrismus]] # Spirituäel praktikken ## [[Wp/frs/Sufismus|Sufismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Jogó|Jogó]] ## [[Wp/frs/Tsen|Tsen]] == Sosjóólwäitenskup == # '''[[Wp/frs/Selskup|Selskup]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Tsiwiilisóósjoon|Tsiwiilisóósjoon]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Bilden|Bilden]]''' === Psüücholoogii === # '''[[Wp/frs/Ferhollen|Ferhollen]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Emosjoonen|Emosjoonen]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Läieft|Läieft]] # [[Wp/frs/Ferstand|Ferstand]] # [[Wp/frs/Psüücholoogii|Psüücholoogii]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Gedâank|Gedâank]]''' === Femiilje un betrekkena === # '''[[Wp/frs/Femiilje|Femiilje]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Kind|Kind]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Man|Man]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Äecht|Äecht]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Frâau|Frâau]] === Politik === # '''[[Wp/frs/Politik|Politik]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Kulonióólismus|Kulonióólismus]] # [[Wp/frs/Diploomóótii|Diploomóótii]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Regäären|Regäären]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Demokróótii|Demokróótii]] ## [[Wp/frs/Diktóótüer|Diktóótüer]] ## [[Wp/frs/Monarchii|Monarchii]] ## [[Wp/frs/Republik|Republik]] # [[Wp/frs/Ideoloogii|Ideoloogii]] ## [[Wp/frs/Anarchismus|Anarchismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Kummunismus|Kummunismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Kunserwóótiivismus|Kunserwóótiivismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Faskismus|Faskismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Liberóólismus|Liberóólismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Marksismus|Marksismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Nóósjoonóólismus|Nóósjoonóólismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Sosjóólismus|Sosjóólismus]] # [[Wp/frs/Imperióólismus|Imperióólismus]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Stóót|Stóót]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Poliitsk partäj|Poliitsk partäj]] # [[Wp/frs/Propagandó|Propagandó]] === Wirtskaft un finansen === # '''[[Wp/frs/Wirtskaftswäitenskup|Wirtskaftswäitenskup]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Kaptóól|Kaptóól]] # [[Wp/frs/Kaptóólismus|Kaptóólismus]] # [[Wp/frs/Weeren|Weeren]] ## [[Wp/frs/Euro|Euro]] ## [[Wp/frs/Jóópóónsk jen|Jóópóónsk jen]] ## [[Wp/frs/US-duller|US-duller]] # [[Wp/frs/Feraarbaidend gewaarv|Feraarbaidend gewaarv]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Geld|Geld]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Stüer|Stüer]] === Wet === # '''[[Wp/frs/Wet|Wet]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Ferfóóten|Ferfóóten]] === Internóósjoonóóel orgóónisóósjoonen === # [[Wp/frs/Óófrikóónsk Unjoon|Óófrikóónsk Unjoon]] # [[Wp/frs/Aróóbsk Liigó|Aróóbsk Liigó]] # [[Wp/frs/ASEAN|ASEAN]] # [[Wp/frs/Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth of Nations]] # [[Wp/frs/Europeesk Unjoon|Europeesk Unjoon]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Internóósjoonóóel Rôod-Krüüs- un Rôod-Halfmóón-Beweegen|Internóósjoonóóel Rôod-Krüüs- un Rôod-Halfmóón-Beweegen]]''' # [[Wp/frs/NATO|NATO]] # [[Wp/frs/Nobelpriis|Nobelpriis]] # [[Wp/frs/OPEC|OPEC]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Feräint Nóósjoonen|Feräint Nóósjoonen]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Internóósjoonóóel Gerichtshof|Internóósjoonóóel Gerichtshof]] ## [[Wp/frs/Internóósjoonóóel Weerensfond|Internóósjoonóóel Weerensfond]] ## [[Wp/frs/UNESCO|UNESCO]] ## [[Wp/frs/Almäien Ferkloren fan d' Minskenrechten|Almäien Ferkloren fan d' Minskenrechten]] ## [[Wp/frs/Weerldsundhaidsorgóónisóósjoon|Weerldsundhaidsorgóónisóósjoon]] # [[Wp/frs/Weerldbank|Weerldbank]] # [[Wp/frs/Weerldhannelsorgóónisóósjoon|Weerldhannelsorgóónisóósjoon]] === Oorlauğ un militeer === # '''[[Wp/frs/Militeer|Militeer]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Free|Free]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Terroorismus|Terroorismus]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Oorlauğ|Oorlauğ]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Börgeroorlauğ|Börgeroorlauğ]] === Sosjóóel probleemen === # [[Wp/frs/Ofdriiven|Ofdriiven]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Doodsstróóef|Doodsstróóef]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Feminismus|Feminismus]] # [[Wp/frs/Globóólisäären|Globóólisäären]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Minskenrechten|Minskenrechten]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Aarmaud|Aarmaud]] # [[Wp/frs/Rassismus|Rassismus]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Slóóveräj|Slóóveräj]]''' == Tóól un litteróótüer == # '''[[Wp/frs/Tóól (kummunikóósjoon)|Tóól]]''' # Bestemt tóólen ## [[Wp/frs/Aróóbsk|Aróóbsk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Bengali|Bengali]] ## [[Wp/frs/Skiineesk|Skiineesk]] <!--Mit dat henwiisen, dat 't sük tóólwäitenskuppelk bekeeken näit um 'n enkeld tóól hannelt.--> ## [[Wp/frs/Engelsk|Engelsk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Fransk|Fransk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Düütsk|Düütsk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Gräiksk|Gräiksk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Hebreesk|Hebreesk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Hindi-Urdu|Hindi-Urdu]] ## [[Wp/frs/Jóópóónsk|Jóópóónsk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Letiin|Letiin]] ## [[Wp/frs/Persk|Persk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Portugiisk|Portugiisk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Russisk|Russisk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] ## [[Wp/frs/Spóónsk|Spóónsk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Swahili|Swahili]] ## [[Wp/frs/Türksk|Türksk]] # [[Wp/frs/Tóólwäitenskup|Tóólwäitenskup]] # [[Wp/frs/Gramóótik|Gramóótik]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Woord|Woord]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Fooneem|Fooneem]] ## [[Wp/frs/Süelv|Süelv]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Ortogróófii|Ortogróófii]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Aróóbsk alfóbeet|Aróóbsk alfóbeet]] ## [[Wp/frs/Skineesk letters|Skineesk letters]] ## [[Wp/frs/Kürilsk skrift|Kürilsk skrift]] ## [[Wp/frs/Gräiek alfóbeet|Gräiek alfóbeet]] ## [[Wp/frs/Hangul|Hangul]] ## [[Wp/frs/Latin alfóbeet|Latin alfóbeet]] # [[Wp/frs/Litteróólitäit|Litteróólitäit]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Ooversetten|Ooversetten]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Litteróótüer|Litteróótüer]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Prosó|Prosó]] ### ''[[Wp/frs/Däi künst fan d' oorlauğ|Däi künst fan d' oorlauğ]]'' ## [[Wp/frs/Fiksjoon|Fiksjoon]] ### ''[[Wp/frs/Duusend un äin nacht|Duusend un äin nacht]]'' ## [[Wp/frs/Nowäel|Nowäel]] ### ''[[Wp/frs/Däi drööm fan däi rôod kóómer|Däi drööm fan däi rôod kóómer]]'' ### ''[[Wp/frs/Genji Monogatari|Genji Monogatari]]'' ## '''[[Wp/frs/Poesii|Poesii]]''' ### ''[[Wp/frs/Gilgómesk-epos|Gilgómesk-epos]]'' ### ''[[Wp/frs/Ilias|Ilias]]'' ### ''[[Wp/frs/Mahabharata|Mahabharata]]'' ### ''[[Wp/frs/Shahnama|Shahnama]]'' == Móóten un äinhäiden == # '''[[Wp/frs/Móóet|Móóet]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Internóósjoonóóel äinhaidensüsteem|Internóósjoonóóel äinhaidensüsteem]] === Gewicht, Woluumen, undfeeren === # [[Wp/frs/Kilogram|Kilogram]] # [[Wp/frs/Liiter|Liiter]] # [[Wp/frs/Meeter|Meeter]] === Tiid === # '''[[Wp/frs/Klenner|Klenner]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Gregoorióónsk klenner|Gregoorióónsk klenner]] # [[Wp/frs/Kloek|Kloek]] # [[Wp/frs/Sekuen|Sekuen]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Dağ|Dağ]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Joer|Joer]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Tiidtsôon|Tiidtsôon]] == Wäitenskup == # '''[[Wp/frs/Wäitenskup|Wäitenskup]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Natüer|Natüer]]''' === Astronoomii === # '''[[Wp/frs/Astronoomii|Astronoomii]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Asteroiid|Asteroiid]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Oorknâal|Oorknâal]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Swâart gat|Swâart gat]] # [[Wp/frs/Kumeet|Kumeet]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Galaksii|Galaksii]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Melkpad|Melkpad]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Móón|Móón]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Planeet|Planeet]]''' ## '''[[Wp/frs/Êer|Êer]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Jupiter|Jupiter]] ## [[Wp/frs/Mars|Mars]] ## [[Wp/frs/Merküer|Merküer]] ## [[Wp/frs/Neptuun|Neptuun]] ## [[Wp/frs/Saturn|Saturn]] ## [[Wp/frs/Uranus|Uranus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Weenus|Weenus]] # [[Wp/frs/Sünnensüsteem|Sünnensüsteem]] # [[Wp/frs/Ruumfort|Ruumfort]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Steern|Steern]]''' ## '''[[Wp/frs/Süen|Süen]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Uniwersum|Uniwersum]] === Bioloogii === # '''[[Wp/frs/Bioloogii|Bioloogii]]''' # Biolooğsk materióólen ## '''[[Wp/frs/DNA|DNA]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Entsüümen|Entsüümen]] ## [[Wp/frs/Proteiin|Proteiin]] # [[Wp/frs/Botóónik|Botóónik]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Dood|Dood]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Suisiid|Suisiid]] # [[Wp/frs/Ökoloogii|Ökoloogii]] ## [[Wp/frs/Bedraiğt tsoord|Bedraiğt tsoord]] # [[Wp/frs/Domestisäären|Domestisäären]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Leevend|Leevend]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Biolooğsk indäilen|Biolooğsk indäilen]] ## [[Wp/frs/Tsoord (Bioloogii)|Tsoord]] ==== Biolooğsk prosessen ==== # '''[[Wp/frs/Metóboolismus|Metóboolismus]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Ferdaauen|Ferdaauen]] ## [[Wp/frs/Footosüntêes|Footosüntêes]] ## [[Wp/frs/Óómhóólen|Óómhóólen]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Ewulusjoon|Ewulusjoon]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Reproduksjoon|Reproduksjoon]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Swangerskup|Swangerskup]] ## [[Wp/frs/Geslecht|Geslecht]] ==== Orgóónismen ==== # '''[[Wp/frs/Orgóónismus|Orgóónismus]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Däär|Däär]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Dróódwurms|Dróódwurms]] ## [[Wp/frs/Wäikdäären|Wäikdäären]] ## [[Wp/frs/Leedenbäinachtigen|Leedenbäinachtigen]] ### '''[[Wp/frs/Insekt|Insekt]]''' #### [[Wp/frs/Miigelke|Miigelke]] #### [[Wp/frs/Iem|Iem]] #### [[Wp/frs/Blien müeğ|Blien müeğ]] ### [[Wp/frs/Spien|Spien]] ## Kordódäären ### '''[[Wp/frs/Amfiibien|Amfiibien]]''' ### '''[[Wp/frs/Föögel|Föögel]]''' #### [[Wp/frs/Häen|Häen]] #### [[Wp/frs/Duuven|Duuven]] ### '''[[Wp/frs/Fisk|Fisk]]''' #### [[Wp/frs/Hâaj|Hâaj]] ### '''[[Wp/frs/Söyğdäär|Söyğdäär]]''' #### [[Wp/frs/Kemeel|Kemeel]] #### [[Wp/frs/Kâat|Kâat]] #### [[Wp/frs/Kau|Kau]] #### [[Wp/frs/Hund|Hund]] #### [[Wp/frs/Peerd|Peerd]] #### [[Wp/frs/Skóóp|Skóóp]] #### [[Wp/frs/Gnóóğdäär|Gnóóğdäär]] #### [[Wp/frs/Huusswiin|Huusswiin]] #### [[Wp/frs/Primóóten|Primóóten]] ##### '''[[Wp/frs/Minsk|Minsk]]''' #### [[Wp/frs/Seisöyğdäären|Seisöyğdäären]] ##### [[Wp/frs/Wóólen|Wóólen]] ### '''[[Wp/frs/Reptiilien|Reptiilien]]''' #### [[Wp/frs/Dinosaaurier|Dinosaaurier]] #### [[Wp/frs/Slâang|Slâang]] # [[Wp/frs/Archóóeó|Archóóeó]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Bakteerien|Bakteerien]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Pils|Pils]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Plâant|Plâant]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Blöyem|Blöyem]] ## [[Wp/frs/Boom|Boom]] # [[Wp/frs/Protist|Protist]] ==== Anatoomii ==== # '''[[Wp/frs/Anatoomii|Anatoomii]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Bost|Bost]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Tsäel|Tsäel]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Blaudkraisloop|Blaudkraisloop]] ## [[Wp/frs/Blaud|Blaud]] ## [[Wp/frs/Haart|Haart]] # [[Wp/frs/Hormoonsüsteem|Hormoonsüsteem]] # [[Wp/frs/Ferdaauenstrakt|Ferdaauenstrakt]] ## [[Wp/frs/Dikdaarm|Dikdaarm]] ## [[Wp/frs/Dündaarm|Dündaarm]] ## [[Wp/frs/Leever|Leever]] # [[Wp/frs/Muskel|Muskel]] # [[Wp/frs/Neervensüsteem|Neervensüsteem]] ## [[Wp/frs/Breegen|Breegen]] ## [[Wp/frs/Nerf|Nerf]] ## [[Wp/frs/Sinssüsteem|Sinssüsteem]] ### [[Wp/frs/Ôor|Ôor]] ### [[Wp/frs/Nööes|Nööes]] ### [[Wp/frs/Ôoğ|Ôoğ]] # [[Wp/frs/Reproduksjoonssüsteem|Reproduksjoonssüsteem]] # [[Wp/frs/Óómtrakt|Óómtrakt]] # [[Wp/frs/Skelet|Skelet]] # [[Wp/frs/Huud|Huud]] === Sundhaid un medsiin === # '''[[Wp/frs/Medsiin|Medsiin]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Sücht|Sücht]] ## [[Wp/frs/Etanool|Etanool]] ## [[Wp/frs/Tebak|Tebak]] # [[Wp/frs/Alshaimer-krankhaid|Alshaimer-krankhaid]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Kanker|Kanker]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Kroonsk obstruktîif lungenerkranken|Kroonsk obstruktîif lungenerkranken]] # [[Wp/frs/Ferkollen|Ferkollen]] # [[Wp/frs/Tanmedsiin|Tanmedsiin]] # [[Wp/frs/Behinnern|Behinnern]] ## [[Wp/frs/Blinniğkaid|Blinniğkaid]] ## [[Wp/frs/Dooviğkaid|Dooviğkaid]] # [[Wp/frs/Psüüchisk stöören|Psüüchisk stöören]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Krankhaid|Krankhaid]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Epilepsii|Epilepsii]] # [[Wp/frs/Aartsneimiddel|Aartsneimiddel]] ## [[Wp/frs/Antibiotikum|Antibiotikum]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Sundhaid|Sundhaid]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Gastroenteriitis|Gastroenteriitis]] # [[Wp/frs/Kopsêer|Kopsêer]] # [[Wp/frs/Haartinfarkt|Haartinfarkt]] # [[Wp/frs/Immuunsüsteem |Immuunsüsteem ]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Malaarió |Malaarió ]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Mangelerneeren|Mangelerneeren]] # [[Wp/frs/Menstruóósjoon|Menstruóósjoon]] # [[Wp/frs/Adipositas|Adipositas]] # [[Wp/frs/Pandemii|Pandemii]] # [[Wp/frs/Lungenundtsünden|Lungenundtsünden]] # [[Wp/frs/Poliomüelitis|Poliomüelitis]] # [[Wp/frs/Seksuel ooverdróóğboer krankhaiden|Seksuel ooverdróóğboer krankhaiden]] ## '''[[Wp/frs/AIDS|AIDS]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Slağanfal|Slağanfal]] # [[Wp/frs/Tuberkulôos|Tuberkulôos]] # [[Wp/frs/Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Imfstof|Imfstof]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Wiirus|Wiirus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Influensó|Influensó]] ## [[Wp/frs/Pokken|Pokken]] === Skeemii === # '''[[Wp/frs/Skeemii|Skeemii]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Anorgóónsk skeemii|Anorgóónsk skeemii]] # [[Wp/frs/Bioskeemii|Bioskeemii]] ## [[Wp/frs/Hormoon|Hormoon]] # [[Wp/frs/Skeemsk ferbinnen|Skeemsk ferbinnen]] ## [[Wp/frs/Suer|Suer]] ## [[Wp/frs/Bóóes|Bóóes]] ## [[Wp/frs/Solt|Solt]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Skeemsk element|Skeemsk element]]''' ## '''[[Wp/frs/Perioodensüsteem|Perioodensüsteem]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Aluminium |Aluminium ]] ## [[Wp/frs/Karboon|Karboon]] ## [[Wp/frs/Kooper|Kooper]] ## '''[[Wp/frs/Gold|Gold]]''' ## '''[[Wp/frs/Wóóterstof|Wóóterstof]]''' ## '''[[Wp/frs/Iisder|Iisder]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Stikstof|Stikstof]] ## '''[[Wp/frs/Surstof|Surstof]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Sülver|Sülver]] ## [[Wp/frs/Tin|Tin]] # [[Wp/frs/Orgóónsk skeemii|Orgóónsk skeemii]] ## [[Wp/frs/Alkohool|Alkohool]] ## [[Wp/frs/Köölenhüüdróót|Köölenhüüdróót]] ## [[Wp/frs/Lipiid|Lipiid]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Moleküül|Moleküül]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Analüütisk skeemii|Analüütisk skeemii]] # [[Wp/frs/Füüsikóólsk skeemii|Füüsikóólsk skeemii]] === Geowäitenskup === # '''[[Wp/frs/Klimó|Klimó]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Wóóterkraisloop|Wóóterkraisloop]] # [[Wp/frs/El Niño–Southern Oscillation|El Niño–Southern Oscillation]] # [[Wp/frs/Globóóel ferwaarmen|Globóóel ferwaarmen]] # [[Wp/frs/Eerdbeeven|Eerdbeeven]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Geoloogii|Geoloogii]]''' ## '''[[Wp/frs/Mineróól|Mineróól]]''' ### [[Wp/frs/Dióómant|Dióómant]] ## [[Wp/frs/Plóótentektoonik|Plóótentektoonik]] ## [[Wp/frs/Stäient|Stäient]] # [[Wp/frs/Natürkatastrôof|Natürkatastrôof]] ## [[Wp/frs/Flaud|Flaud]] ## [[Wp/frs/Tsunóómii|Tsunóómii]] # [[Wp/frs/Wulkóón|Wulkóón]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Wêer|Wêer]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Wuelk|Wuelk]] ## [[Wp/frs/Reegen|Reegen]] ## [[Wp/frs/Snäj|Snäj]] ## [[Wp/frs/Tornóódo|Tornóódo]] ## [[Wp/frs/Troopsk dwirrelstöörm|Troopsk dwirrelstöörm]] ## [[Wp/frs/Wind|Wind]] === Füüsik === # '''[[Wp/frs/Füüsik|Füüsik]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Beslüünigen|Beslüünigen]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Atoom|Atoom]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Energii|Energii]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Energiierhollenssats|Energiierhollenssats]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Elektromağneetsk stróólen|Elektromağneetsk stróólen]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Infrórood|Infrórood]] ## [[Wp/frs/Ultrófiigelet|Ultrófiigelet]] ## [[Wp/frs/Lücht (elektronmağneetsk stróólen)|Lücht (elektronmağneetsk stróólen)]] ### '''[[Wp/frs/Klööer|Klööer]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Klassisk mechóónik|Klassisk mechóónik]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Kracht|Kracht]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Elektromağneetismus|Elektromağneetismus]] ### [[Wp/frs/Mağneetfeld|Mağneetfeld]] ## [[Wp/frs/Grawitóósjoon|Grawitóósjoon]] ## [[Wp/frs/Stâark wesselwirken|Stâark wesselwirken]] ## [[Wp/frs/Swâak wesselwirken|Swâak wesselwirken]] # [[Wp/frs/Mağneet|Mağneet]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Mâas|Mâas]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Metal|Metal]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Stóól|Stóól]] # [[Wp/frs/Keernspollen|Keernspollen]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Aggregóóttaustand|Aggregóóttaustand]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Gas|Gas]] ## [[Wp/frs/Flüssiğkaid|Flüssiğkaid]] ## [[Wp/frs/Plasmó|Plasmó]] ## [[Wp/frs/Faststof|Faststof]] # [[Wp/frs/Kwantenmechóónik|Kwantenmechóónik]] # [[Wp/frs/Róódioaktîif tofal|Róódioaktîif tofal]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Almäien relóótiivitäitsteorii|Almäien relóótiivitäitsteorii]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Spesjäel relóótiivitäitsteorii|Spesjäel relóótiivitäitsteorii]] # [[Wp/frs/Halfläider|Halfläider]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Skal|Skal]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Gaauiğkaid|Gaauiğkaid]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Lüchtgaauiğkaid|Lüchtgaauiğkaid]] # [[Wp/frs/Temperótüer|Temperótüer]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Tiid|Tiid]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Termodünóómik|Termodünóómik]] # [[Wp/frs/Wóókuum|Wóókuum]] === Matemóótik === # '''[[Wp/frs/Matemóótik|Matemóótik]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Aritmeetik|Aritmeetik]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Logóritmus|Logóritmus]] ## '''[[Wp/frs/Tóól|Tóól (matemóótik)]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Tóólenteorii|Tóólenteorii]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Algebró|Algebró]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Kumpläeks tóól|Kumpläeks tóól]] ## [[Wp/frs/Gliiken|Gliiken]] ## [[Wp/frs/Lineâar algebró|Lineâar algebró]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Geomeetrii|Geomeetrii]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Winkel|Winkel]] ## [[Wp/frs/Flakteninhold|Flakteninhold]] ## [[Wp/frs/Koördinóótensüsteem|Koördinóótensüsteem]] ## [[Wp/frs/Pi|Pi]] ## [[Wp/frs/Sats fan Pütagoras|Sats fan Pütagoras]] ## [[Wp/frs/Sümmeetrii|Sümmeetrii]] ## [[Wp/frs/Trigonoomeetrii|Trigonoomeetrii]] # [[Wp/frs/Analüüsis|Analüüsis]] ## [[Wp/frs/Differensjóólgliiken|Differensjóólgliiken]] ## [[Wp/frs/Numeersk matemóótik|Numeersk matemóótik]] # Worskiinelkkaid un Stóótistik ## [[Wp/frs/Worskiinelkkaid|Worskiinelkkaid]] ## [[Wp/frs/Stóótistik|Stóótistik]] # Loogik un grundlóógen ## [[Wp/frs/Funksjoon (matemóótik)|Funksjoon (matemóótik)]] ## [[Wp/frs/Unennelk (matemóótik)|Unennelk (matemóótik)]] ## [[Wp/frs/Bewiis (matemóótik)|Bewiis (matemóótik)]] ## [[Wp/frs/Mengenleer|Mengenleer]] == Naarungsmiddel un landwirtskaft == === Landwirtskaft === # '''[[Wp/frs/Landwirtskaft|Landwirtskaft]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Bewóótern|Bewóótern]] ## [[Wp/frs/Plauğ|Plauğ]] === Naarungsmiddel === # '''[[Wp/frs/Naarung|Naarung]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Brood|Brood]] # [[Wp/frs/Koorn|Koorn]] ## [[Wp/frs/Gâarst|Gâarst]] ## [[Wp/frs/Mais|Mais]] ## [[Wp/frs/Hóófer|Hóófer]] ## [[Wp/frs/Riis|Riis]] ## [[Wp/frs/Roeğ|Roeğ]] ## [[Wp/frs/Hiers|Hiers]] ## [[Wp/frs/Wâajt|Wâajt]] # [[Wp/frs/Käies|Käies]] # [[Wp/frs/Tsukkerlóó|Tsukkerlóó]] # [[Wp/frs/Hönniğ|Hönniğ]] # [[Wp/frs/Früecht|Früecht]] ## [[Wp/frs/Appel|Appel]] ## [[Wp/frs/Benóóen|Benóóen]] ## [[Wp/frs/Wiindrûuv|Wiindrûuv]] ## [[Wp/frs/Sojóbôon|Sojóbôon]] ## [[Wp/frs/Tsitrôon|Tsitrôon]] ## [[Wp/frs/Nööet|Nööet]] # [[Wp/frs/Fläisk|Fläisk]] # [[Wp/frs/Tsukker|Tsukker]] # [[Wp/frs/Gemüües|Gemüües]] ## [[Wp/frs/Tuffel|Tuffel]] === Drinkeräj === # [[Wp/frs/Bäär|Bäär]] # [[Wp/frs/Kofje|Kofje]] # [[Wp/frs/Saft|Saft]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Melk|Melk]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Tee|Tee]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Wóóter|Wóóter]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Wiin (drinkeräj)|Wiin]] == Technoloogii == # '''[[Wp/frs/Technoloogii|Technoloogii]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Biotechnoloogii|Biotechnoloogii]] # [[Wp/frs/Kläär|Kläär]] ## [[Wp/frs/Ketuun|Ketuun]] # [[Wp/frs/Inzjeniöörswäitenskup|Inzjeniöörswäitenskup]] ## [[Wp/frs/Meskîin|Meskîin]] ## [[Wp/frs/Roboter|Roboter]] ## [[Wp/frs/Skrûuv|Skrûuv]] ## [[Wp/frs/Rad|Rad]] # [[Wp/frs/Metalurgii|Metalurgii]] # [[Wp/frs/Nanotechnoloogii|Nanotechnoloogii]] === Kummunikóósjoon === # '''[[Wp/frs/Kummunikóósjoon|Kummunikóósjoon]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Bauk|Bauk]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Inf'rmóósjoon|Inf'rmóósjoon]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Ensüklopedii|Ensüklopedii]] # [[Wp/frs/Zjornóólismus|Zjornóólismus]] ## [[Wp/frs/Bladje|Bladje]] ## [[Wp/frs/Massenmeedien|Massenmeedien]] # [[Wp/frs/Baukdrük|Baukdrük]] # [[Wp/frs/Telefoon|Telefoon]] === Elektroonik === # [[Wp/frs/Elektroonik|Elektroonik]] ## [[Wp/frs/Elektrisk stroom|Elektrisk stroom]] ## [[Wp/frs/Frekwens|Frekwens]] # Kumponenten ## [[Wp/frs/Kundensóótoor|Kundensóótoor]] ## [[Wp/frs/Induktiivitäit|Induktiivitäit]] ## [[Wp/frs/Transistoor|Transistoor]] ## [[Wp/frs/Diôod|Diôod]] ## [[Wp/frs/Resistor|Resistor]] ## [[Wp/frs/Transf'rmóótoor|Transf'rmóótoor]] ==== Computers un internet ==== # '''[[Wp/frs/Computer|Computer]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Fastplóóet|Fastplóóet]] ## [[Wp/frs/Prosessoor|Prosessoor]] # [[Wp/frs/Künstelk intelligens|Künstelk intelligens]] # [[Wp/frs/Inf'rmóósjoonstechnik|Inf'rmóósjoonstechnik]] ## [[Wp/frs/Algoritmus|Algoritmus]] # [[Wp/frs/Internet|Internet]] ## [[Wp/frs/Email|Email]] ## [[Wp/frs/World Wide Web|World Wide Web]] # [[Wp/frs/Bedriifssüsteem|Bedriifssüsteem]] # [[Wp/frs/Programäärtóól|Programäärtóól]] # [[Wp/frs/Software|Software]] === Energii un krachtstoffen === # [[Wp/frs/Fernäjerboer energii|Fernäjerboer energii]] # [[Wp/frs/Elektrisitäit|Elektrisitäit]] ## [[Wp/frs/Keernenergii|Keernenergii]] # [[Wp/frs/Fossîil energii|Fossîil energii]] # Motoor ## [[Wp/frs/Ferbraanensmotoor |Ferbraanensmotoor ]] ## [[Wp/frs/Dampmeskîin|Dampmeskîin]] # [[Wp/frs/Füer|Füer]] === Materióólen === # [[Wp/frs/Glas|Glas]] # [[Wp/frs/Pepier|Pepier]] # [[Wp/frs/Plastik|Plastik]] # [[Wp/frs/Holt|Holt]] === Ferkeer === # [[Wp/frs/Ferkeer|Ferkeer]] # [[Wp/frs/Fluğtsoiğ|Fluğtsoiğ]] # [[Wp/frs/Aauto|Aauto]] # [[Wp/frs/Fiits|Fiits]] # [[Wp/frs/U-boot|U-boot]] # [[Wp/frs/Skip|Skip]] # [[Wp/frs/Tsuğ (skiinenferkeer)|Tsuğ]] === Wóópens === # [[Wp/frs/Wóópen|Wóópen]] ## [[Wp/frs/Sweerd|Sweerd]] ## [[Wp/frs/Fürwóópen|Fürwóópen]] ### [[Wp/frs/Meskiinengeweer|Meskiinengeweer]] ## [[Wp/frs/Keernwóópen|Keernwóópen]] # [[Wp/frs/Pantser|Pantser]] # [[Wp/frs/Sprengstof|Sprengstof]] ## [[Wp/frs/Büeskruud|Büeskruud]] == Kultüer, künst un unnerhollen == # '''[[Wp/frs/Kultüer|Kultüer]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Künst|Künst]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Comic|Comic]] ## [[Wp/frs/Móóleräj|Móóleräj]] ## [[Wp/frs/Footogróófii|Footogróófii]] ## [[Wp/frs/Skulptüer|Skulptüer]] ## [[Wp/frs/Potjeräj|Potjeräj]] # [[Wp/frs/Dans|Dans]] # [[Wp/frs/Mâaud|Mâaud]] # [[Wp/frs/Theatre|Theatre]] # [[Wp/frs/Kalligróófii|Kalligróófii]] === Architektüer un baauinzjeniöörsweesen === # '''[[Wp/frs/Architektüer|Architektüer]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Bôoğ (architektüer)|Bôoğ]] # [[Wp/frs/Brüeğ|Brüeğ]] # [[Wp/frs/Knóól|Knóól]] # [[Wp/frs/Dóólspêer|Dóólspêer]] # [[Wp/frs/Kuppel|Kuppel]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Huus|Huus]]''' # Besünner baauwaarken ## [[Wp/frs/Angkor Wat|Angkor Wat]] ## [[Wp/frs/Kolosseum|Kolosseum]] ## [[Wp/frs/Skiineesk Müer|Skiineesk Müer]] ## [[Wp/frs/Eiffeltoorn|Eiffeltoorn]] ## [[Wp/frs/Empire State Building|Empire State Building]] ## [[Wp/frs/Hagia Sophia|Hagia Sophia]] ## [[Wp/frs/Parthenon|Parthenon]] ## [[Wp/frs/Giza Necropolis|Giza Necropolis]] ## [[Wp/frs/Päitersdoom|Päitersdoom]] ## [[Wp/frs/Freihaidsstóótue|Freihaidsstóótue]] ## [[Wp/frs/Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal]] ## [[Wp/frs/Drei-Sluchten-Dóólspêer|Drei-Sluchten-Dóólspêer]] # [[Wp/frs/Pürómîid|Pürómîid]] # [[Wp/frs/Toorn|Toorn]] === Film, róódio un feersäin === # '''[[Wp/frs/Film|Film]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Animóósjoon|Animóósjoon]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Róódio|Róódio]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Feersäin|Feersäin]]''' === Musik === # '''[[Wp/frs/Musik|Musik]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Läid|Läid]] # Bestemt musik zjonres ## [[Wp/frs/Blues|Blues]] ## [[Wp/frs/Klassisk musik|Klassisk musik]] ### [[Wp/frs/Ooper|Ooper]] ### [[Wp/frs/Sinfoonii|Sinfoonii]] ## [[Wp/frs/Elektroonsk musik|Elektroonsk musik]] ## [[Wp/frs/Flamenco|Flamenco]] ## [[Wp/frs/Hiphop|Hiphop]] ## [[Wp/frs/Jazz|Jazz]] ## [[Wp/frs/Reggae|Reggae]] ## [[Wp/frs/Rock|Rock]] ## [[Wp/frs/Sambó|Sambó]] # Bestemt musikinstrumenten ## [[Wp/frs/Trummel|Trummel]] ## [[Wp/frs/Flâajt|Flâajt]] ## [[Wp/frs/Gitâar|Gitâar]] ## [[Wp/frs/Klewäär|Klewäär]] ## [[Wp/frs/Trumpêet|Trumpêet]] ## [[Wp/frs/Fjôol|Fjôol]] === Unnerhollen === # '''[[Wp/frs/Spil|Spil]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Backgammon|Backgammon]] ## [[Wp/frs/Skóók|Skóók]] ## [[Wp/frs/Go (spil)|Go (spil)]] ## [[Wp/frs/Wiideospil|Wiideospil]] # [[Wp/frs/Glüksspil|Glüksspil]] # [[Wp/frs/Kamfkünst|Kamfkünst]] ## [[Wp/frs/Karate|Karate]] ## [[Wp/frs/Judo|Judo]] # [[Wp/frs/Olümpsk Spöölen|Olümpsk Spöölen]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Sport|Sport]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Atleetik|Atleetik]] ## Baalspillen ### [[Wp/frs/Baseball|Baseball]] ### [[Wp/frs/Baasketbâal|Baasketbâal]] ### [[Wp/frs/Cricket|Cricket]] ### [[Wp/frs/Fautbâal|Fautbâal]] ### [[Wp/frs/Gulf|Gulf]] ### [[Wp/frs/Rugby|Rugby]] ### [[Wp/frs/Tennis|Tennis]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Spöölrêev|Spöölrêev]]''' == Histoorje == # '''[[Wp/frs/Histoorje|Histoorje]]''' === Oorhistoorje un antîik === # [[Wp/frs/Oorhistoorje|Oorhistoorje]] # [[Wp/frs/Stäintiid|Stäintiid]] # [[Wp/frs/Brongstiid|Brongstiid]] # [[Wp/frs/Iisdertiid|Iisdertiid]] # [[Wp/frs/Mesopotóómien|Mesopotóómien]] # [[Wp/frs/Sumer|Sumer]] # [[Wp/frs/Oel Egüpten|Oel Egüpten]] # [[Wp/frs/Antîik Gräikenland|Antîik Gräikenland]] # [[Wp/frs/Roomsk Kaiserriik|Roomsk Kaiserriik]] # [[Wp/frs/Han Dünastii|Han Dünastii]] # [[Wp/frs/Guptó-Riik|Guptó-Riik]] === Middeloller un frâau neitiid === # [[Wp/frs/Abbasiiden-Kalifóót|Abbasiiden-Kalifóót]] # [[Wp/frs/Upkloren|Upkloren]] # [[Wp/frs/Asteeken|Asteeken]] # [[Wp/frs/Büütsantiinsk Riik|Büütsantiinsk Riik]] # [[Wp/frs/Krüüstsüügen|Krüüstsüügen]] # [[Wp/frs/Hielğ Roomsk Riik|Hielğ Roomsk Riik]] # [[Wp/frs/Inkó|Inkó]] # [[Wp/frs/Móóli-Riik|Móóli-Riik]] # [[Wp/frs/Maajó-Tsiwiilisóósjoon|Maajó-Tsiwiilisóósjoon]] # [[Wp/frs/Middeloller|Middeloller]] # [[Wp/frs/Mongoolsk Riik|Mongoolsk Riik]] # [[Wp/frs/Ming Dünastii|Ming Dünastii]] # [[Wp/frs/Osmóónsk Riik|Osmóónsk Riik]] # [[Wp/frs/Ref'rmóósjoon|Ref'rmóósjoon]] # [[Wp/frs/Renaissance|Renaissance]] # [[Wp/frs/Tang Dünastii|Tang Dünastii]] # [[Wp/frs/Wiikinger|Wiikinger]] === Modêern === # [[Wp/frs/Nóóoostkunflikt|Nóóoostkunflikt]] # [[Wp/frs/Amerikóónsk Börgeroorlauğ|Amerikóónsk Börgeroorlauğ]] # [[Wp/frs/Aparthaid|Aparthaid]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Briitsk Weerldriik|Briitsk Weerldriik]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Koel Oorlauğ|Koel Oorlauğ]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Kultürrewulusjoon|Kultürrewulusjoon]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Fransk Rewulusjoon|Fransk Rewulusjoon]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Weerldwirtskaftskrîis|Weerldwirtskaftskrîis]] # [[Wp/frs/Holokaaust|Holokaaust]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Industriäel Rewulusjoon|Industriäel Rewulusjoon]]''' # [[Wp/frs/NS-Düütskland|NS-Düütskland]] # [[Wp/frs/Meiji Restaauróósjoon|Meiji Restaauróósjoon]] <!-- most significant event in Japanese history --> # [[Wp/frs/Russisk Rewulusjoon|Russisk Rewulusjoon]] # [[Wp/frs/Qing Dünastii|Qing Dünastii]] # [[Wp/frs/Wjetnamoorlauğ|Wjetnamoorlauğ]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Êerst Weerldoorlauğ|Êerst Weerldoorlauğ]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Twäied Weerldoorlauğ|Twäied Weerldoorlauğ]]''' == Geogróófii == # '''[[Wp/frs/Geogróófii|Geogróófii]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Stad|Stad]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Kuntinent|Kuntinent]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Wald|Wald]] # [[Wp/frs/Baarğ|Baarğ]] # [[Wp/frs/Wöysten|Wöysten]] # [[Wp/frs/Noordpool|Noordpool]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Oseóón|Oseóón]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Äj|Äj]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Säj|Säj]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Süüdpool|Süüdpool]] === Kuntinenten un grôot regjoonen === # '''[[Wp/frs/Óófrikó|Óófrikó]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Antarktikó|Antarktikó]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Óósien|Óósien]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Europó|Europó]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Nóóoost|Nóóoost]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Noordamerikó|Noordamerikó]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Oseóónien|Oseóónien]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Süüdamerikó|Süüdamerikó]]''' === Countries === # [[Wp/frs/Afgóónistóón|Afgóónistóón]] # [[Wp/frs/Algeerien|Algeerien]] # [[Wp/frs/Argentiinien|Argentiinien]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Aaustróólien|Aaustróólien]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Öösterriik|Öösterriik]] # [[Wp/frs/Banglódesk|Banglódesk]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Brasilien|Brasilien]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Kanóódó|Kanóódó]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Skiinó|Skiinó]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Demokróótsk Republik Kungo|Demokróótsk Republik Kungo]] # [[Wp/frs/Kubó|Kubó]] # [[Wp/frs/Egüpten|Egüpten]] # [[Wp/frs/Etioopien|Etioopien]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Frankriik|Frankriik]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Düütskland|Düütskland]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Injen|Injen]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Indoneesien|Indoneesien]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Iróón|Iróón]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Iróók|Iróók]] # [[Wp/frs/Israel|Israel]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Itóóljen|Itóóljen]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Jóópóón|Jóópóón]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Meksiko|Meksiko]] # [[Wp/frs/Neerland|Neerland]] # [[Wp/frs/Neiseiland|Neiseiland]] # [[Wp/frs/Niigeerió|Niigeerió]] # [[Wp/frs/Pakistóón|Pakistóón]] # [[Wp/frs/Poolen|Poolen]] # [[Wp/frs/Portugal|Portugal]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Rusland|Rusland]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Saaudi-Aróóbien|Saaudi-Aróóbien]] # [[Wp/frs/Singópur|Singópur]] # [[Wp/frs/Süüdóófrikó|Süüdóófrikó]] # [[Wp/frs/Süüdkoreó|Süüdkoreó]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Spóónjen|Spóónjen]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Sudóón|Sudóón]] # [[Wp/frs/Swiits|Swiits]] # [[Wp/frs/Tansanió|Tansanió]] # [[Wp/frs/Tailand|Tailand]] # [[Wp/frs/Türkai|Türkai]] # [[Wp/frs/Ukrâajn|Ukrâajn]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Feräint Köönenkriik|Feräint Köönenkriik]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Feräint Stóóten|Feräint Stóóten]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Watikóónstad|Watikóónstad]] # [[Wp/frs/Wenetsueeló|Wenetsueeló]] # [[Wp/frs/Wjetnam|Wjetnam]] === Cities === # [[Wp/frs/Amsterdam|Amsterdam]] # [[Wp/frs/Ateen|Ateen]] # [[Wp/frs/Bağdad|Bağdad]] # [[Wp/frs/Bangkok|Bangkok]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Peking|Peking]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Berliin|Berliin]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Bogotá|Bogotá]] # [[Wp/frs/Brüssel|Brüssel]] # [[Wp/frs/Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]] # [[Wp/frs/Kairo|Kairo]] # [[Wp/frs/Kóópstad|Kóópstad]] # [[Wp/frs/Damaskus|Damaskus]] # [[Wp/frs/Delhi|Delhi]] # [[Wp/frs/Dhaka|Dhaka]] # [[Wp/frs/Dubai|Dubai]] # [[Wp/frs/Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] # [[Wp/frs/Istanbul|Istanbul]] # [[Wp/frs/Zjakartó|Zjakartó]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Jerusóólem|Jerusóólem]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Karatski|Karatski]] # [[Wp/frs/Kinshasa|Kinshasa]] # [[Wp/frs/Kalkuttó|Kalkuttó]] # [[Wp/frs/Lagos|Lagos]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Lunden|Lunden]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Los Angeles|Los Angeles]] # [[Wp/frs/Madrid|Madrid]] # [[Wp/frs/Mekkó|Mekkó]] # [[Wp/frs/Mexico City|Mexico City]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Moskaau|Moskaau]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Mumbai|Mumbai]] # [[Wp/frs/Nairobi|Nairobi]] # '''[[Wp/frs/New York City|New York City]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Pariis|Pariis]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Room|Room]]''' # '''[[Wp/frs/Sankt Päitersbörğ|Sankt Päitersbörğ]]''' # [[Wp/frs/São Paulo|São Paulo]] # [[Wp/frs/Seoul|Seoul]] # [[Wp/frs/Shanghai|Shanghai]] # [[Wp/frs/Sydney|Sydney]] # [[Wp/frs/Tehran|Tehran]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Tokio|Tokio]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Wiin (stad)|Wiin]] # [[Wp/frs/Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] === Wóóters === # '''[[Wp/frs/Amatsoonas|Amatsoonas]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Arktisk Oseóón|Arktisk Oseóón]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Atlantisk Oseóón|Atlantisk Oseóón]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Oostsäj|Oostsäj]] # [[Wp/frs/Swâart Säj|Swâart Säj]] # [[Wp/frs/Kariibisk Säj|Kariibisk Säj]] # [[Wp/frs/Kaspisk Säj|Kaspisk Säj]] # [[Wp/frs/Kungo (Äj)|Kungo]] # [[Wp/frs/Donaau|Donaau]] # [[Wp/frs/Ganges|Ganges]] # [[Wp/frs/Great Barrier Reef|Great Barrier Reef]] # [[Wp/frs/Grôot Meerten|Grôot Meerten]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Indisk Oseóón|Indisk Oseóón]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Indus (Äj)|Indus]] # [[Wp/frs/Baikóólmeer|Baikóólmeer]] # [[Wp/frs/Tanganjikómeer|Tanganjikómeer]] # [[Wp/frs/Wiktooriómeer|Wiktooriómeer]] # [[Wp/frs/Middellandsk Säj|Middellandsk Säj]] # [[Wp/frs/Mississippi River|Mississippi River]] # [[Wp/frs/Niiger (Äj)|Niiger]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Niil|Niil]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Noordsäj|Noordsäj]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Patsiifisk Oseóón|Patsiifisk Oseóón]]''' # [[Wp/frs/Panómóknóól|Panómóknóól]] # [[Wp/frs/Riin|Riin]] # [[Wp/frs/Suesknóól|Suesknóól]] # [[Wp/frs/Süüdelk Oseóón|Süüdelk Oseóón]] # [[Wp/frs/Wolgó|Wolgó]] # [[Wp/frs/Jangtsekiang|Jangtsekiang]] # [[Wp/frs/Gêel Äj|Gêel Äj]] === Baargen un wöysten === # [[Wp/frs/Alpen|Alpen]] # [[Wp/frs/Anden|Anden]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Himalajó|Himalajó]]''' ## [[Wp/frs/Mount Everest|Mount Everest]] # [[Wp/frs/Kilimandzjaro|Kilimandzjaro]] # [[Wp/frs/Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountains]] # '''[[Wp/frs/Saharó|Saharó]]''' [[Category:Wp/frs]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5460604}} 16jke50e0re44mm2p64321uy481sa4c 10 3829888 7386655 7383402 2026-11-10T07:28:19Z Almajidy 2647497 7386655 wikitext text/x-wiki <imagemap> File:Oceania regions map.png|center|750px desc none rect 2858 1466 2958 1546 [[Wy/ar/رابا نوي|رابا نوي]] poly 968 196 292 196 288 118 326 50 378 2 966 0 [[Wy/ar/اليابان|اليابان]] poly 222 194 232 192 246 192 248 190 254 188 266 188 268 190 270 184 270 180 274 176 274 162 278 162 286 154 286 150 284 146 284 116 288 112 288 108 290 104 290 88 288 86 284 84 276 84 272 88 270 92 268 94 266 98 262 102 258 104 256 106 252 106 248 110 244 112 242 114 238 114 234 118 226 118 226 122 222 122 220 124 220 128 218 130 218 134 214 138 214 142 210 146 208 150 208 158 206 160 206 182 208 184 208 188 210 190 218 190 224 196 [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] poly 20 312 0 312 0 0 300 0 298 2 298 30 296 36 292 44 290 46 288 54 286 56 284 60 284 64 280 64 276 68 274 72 272 74 272 78 270 82 270 86 260 96 256 98 252 98 250 100 246 102 242 102 230 114 230 118 226 122 226 126 224 130 218 136 216 140 210 146 210 150 206 152 206 156 204 160 200 162 198 166 194 170 190 170 186 172 178 174 174 174 170 176 166 176 164 178 160 178 154 180 148 186 144 186 140 190 138 194 136 196 136 200 130 206 128 210 124 214 120 216 116 220 112 220 110 224 104 228 102 230 98 230 96 236 94 240 86 246 72 260 72 268 70 270 66 278 56 288 52 290 48 290 [[Wy/ar/الصين|الصين]] poly 540 476 542 748 1142 748 1142 558 1072 558 1072 476 [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] rect 696 206 792 390 [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] rect 1124 200 1214 294 [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] poly 1144 622 1340 624 1336 382 1080 384 1080 556 1140 558 [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] poly 2046 48 1560 48 1562 240 1730 238 1730 264 2048 266 [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] rect 1450 0 1556 90 [[Wy/ar/جزر ميدواي|جزر ميدواي]] rect 1628 238 1728 338 [[Wy/ar/جزيرة جونستون المرجانية|جزيرة جونستون المرجانية]] rect 2426 1350 2584 1460 [[Wy/ar/جزر بيتكيرن|جزر بيتكيرن]] poly 2422 960 2424 1510 1972 1508 1970 1072 2124 1074 2122 960 [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا الفرنسية|بولينيزيا الفرنسية]] poly 1666 1152 1664 1078 1648 1080 1648 1034 1746 1034 1744 1154 [[Wy/ar/ساموا الأمريكية|ساموا الأمريكية]] rect 1477 745 1616 794 [[Wy/ar/جزيرة بيكر|جزيرة بيكر]] rect 1476 684 1618 742 [[Wy/ar/جزيرة هاولاند|جزيرة هاولاند]] rect 1880 726 1982 806 [[Wy/ar/جزيرة جارفيس|جزيرة جارفيس]] poly 2120 628 2122 1072 1968 1070 1966 1004 1742 1002 1744 948 1508 946 1508 884 1236 878 1234 626 [[Wy/ar/كيريباتي|كيريباتي]] rect 1808 532 1920 618 [[Wy/ar/جزيرة بالميرا المرجانية|جزيرة بالميرا المرجانية]] rect 696 400 786 464 [[Wy/ar/غوام|غوام]] rect 422 530 538 694 [[Wy/ar/بالاو|بالاو]] rect 1144 736 1234 802 [[Wy/ar/ناورو|ناورو]] rect 1598 946 1710 1030 [[Wy/ar/توكيلاو|توكيلاو]] rect 1368 880 1508 1054 [[Wy/ar/توفالو|توفالو]] rect 1496 1056 1584 1148 [[Wy/ar/واليس وفوتونا|واليس وفوتونا]] rect 1584 1078 1664 1154 [[Wy/ar/ساموا|ساموا]] rect 1746 1002 1968 1348 [[Wy/ar/جزر كوك|جزر كوك]] rect 1644 1220 1714 1290 [[Wy/ar/نيوي|نيوي]] rect 1528 1152 1620 1354 [[Wy/ar/تونغا|تونغا]] poly 1338 1060 1338 1332 1528 1332 1526 1152 1496 1152 1498 1056 [[Wy/ar/فيجي|فيجي]] poly 1256 896 1254 1086 952 1086 954 936 978 938 978 922 1006 924 1006 896 [[Wy/ar/جزر سليمان|جزر سليمان]] poly 1186 1086 1308 1088 1310 1290 1238 1292 1186 1224 [[Wy/ar/فانواتو|فانواتو]] poly 1176 1212 1248 1308 1246 1374 990 1374 992 1212 [[Wy/ar/كاليدونيا الجديدة|كاليدونيا الجديدة]] poly 138 562 204 562 206 630 382 632 382 200 140 200 [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]] poly 78 630 82 632 84 636 92 636 94 638 98 638 100 640 100 644 108 644 112 640 112 636 114 634 114 622 110 620 78 620 [[Wy/ar/بروناي|بروناي]] poly 2 722 4 726 6 728 6 734 8 736 12 736 18 730 42 730 44 728 48 728 48 720 52 720 54 718 58 718 60 716 64 716 66 718 70 718 72 722 76 720 80 720 82 718 90 718 92 716 96 716 100 712 100 706 108 698 110 692 114 688 114 684 112 682 116 678 120 676 124 672 124 648 132 640 134 642 186 642 186 630 190 626 194 624 196 622 196 610 186 600 184 596 184 590 182 584 182 580 180 578 178 574 178 570 176 568 168 568 164 564 130 564 128 568 124 568 122 572 122 576 118 578 118 602 116 604 116 608 112 612 112 628 116 628 116 644 112 648 100 648 92 640 34 640 30 642 20 642 18 644 14 644 12 646 0 646 [[Wy/ar/ماليزيا|ماليزيا]] poly 14 734 24 730 44 728 46 718 60 712 68 720 79 724 87 718 97 717 102 709 102 699 110 693 108 680 118 676 120 651 127 644 161 647 184 643 184 632 422 632 424 698 540 700 542 748 654 748 656 1004 410 1006 410 1060 0 1062 0 722 [[Wy/ar/إندونيسيا|إندونيسيا]] poly 658 788 658 1004 776 1004 780 1058 954 1060 954 938 978 936 978 922 1008 924 1010 922 1010 896 1066 896 1064 788 [[Wy/ar/بابوا غينيا الجديدة|بابوا غينيا الجديدة]] poly 1520 1470 1520 2140 1028 2140 1026 1550 1442 1548 1440 1470 [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] rect 1134 1460 1284 1544 [[Wy/ar/جزيرة نورفولك|جزيرة نورفولك]] poly 0 1062 410 1060 412 1004 778 1004 778 1058 954 1060 954 1210 992 1212 992 1376 1026 1376 1026 2186 0 2188 [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] </imagemap><noinclude> lg4g61c8z2o03kha16upyncyiqdl9pp 0 3829923 7386663 7383698 2026-11-10T07:45:49Z Absudar 2108561 Removed redirect to [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲃ]] 7386663 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anubis_standing.svg|200px|thumb|right|Ⲡⲓⲗⲓⲙⲏⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲀ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ.]] '''Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ''' ⲟⲩ[[wp/cop/ⲛⲟⲩϯ]] ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲉⲃⲃⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕⲱⲥ ⲛⲉⲙⲧⲕⲁⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲑⲧⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ[[wp/cop/ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲕⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁⲥ|ϯⲑⲣⲉⲥⲕⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲡⲁⲥ]] ⲡⲉ. Ⲁⲩⲫⲟⲧϩϥ ⲛⲉⲙϯⲁ̀ⲫⲉ ⲛ̀[[wp/cop/ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ]] ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ. Ⲛⲓⲃⲁⲗⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ ⲥⲉⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲉⲃⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ (''Canis anthus lupaster)''. == Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ == <div> Ⲁ̀ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁⲥ ⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ϩⲱⲥ <hiero>E15</hiero> ϧⲉⲛϯ[[wp/cop/ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ `ⲛⲁⲡⲁⲥ|ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁⲥ]] ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ϫⲉ <hiero>i-n:p-w-E16</hiero> ϧⲉⲛϯ[[wp/cop/ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ `ⲙⲃⲉⲣⲓ|ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲙ̀ⲃⲉⲣⲓ]] (jnpw). Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲡ (ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ بانوب ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲁ̀ⲣⲁⲃⲟⲥ) ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ. </div> == Ϩⲁⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲅⲉⲓⲁ == * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲙϩⲁⲩ * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲕⲱⲥ * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲯⲩⲭⲱⲟⲩⲓ * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϣⲓ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛϩⲏⲧ == Ⲛⲉϥⲙⲁ == Ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓϯⲙⲓ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛ̀Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ ⲡⲉ Ⲕⲁⲓⲥ, [[wp/cop/ⲥⲓⲱⲟⲩⲧ|Ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ]] ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲘⲁ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲃⲓⲛ. == Ⲧⲉϥⲥⲩⲅⲅⲉⲛⲉⲓⲁ == Ⲛⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲉ [[wp/cop/ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ|Ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ]] ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ⲡⲉ [[wp/cop/ⲛⲉⲃⲑⲱ|Ⲛⲉⲃⲑⲱ]]. [[Category:Wp/cop]] [[Category:Wp/cop/Ϩⲁⲛⲉⲛⲑⲏⲣ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47534}} mwz8ffvw1kmqel0tb3pzcmnqk692eqh 7386664 7386663 2026-11-10T07:46:11Z Absudar 2108561 7386664 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anubis_standing.svg|200px|thumb|right|Ⲡⲓⲗⲓⲙⲏⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲀ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ.]] '''Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ''' ⲟⲩ[[wp/cop/ⲛⲟⲩϯ|ⲛⲟⲩϯ]] ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲉⲃⲃⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕⲱⲥ ⲛⲉⲙⲧⲕⲁⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲑⲧⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ[[wp/cop/ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲕⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁⲥ|ϯⲑⲣⲉⲥⲕⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲡⲁⲥ]] ⲡⲉ. Ⲁⲩⲫⲟⲧϩϥ ⲛⲉⲙϯⲁ̀ⲫⲉ ⲛ̀[[wp/cop/ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ|ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ]] ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ. Ⲛⲓⲃⲁⲗⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ ⲥⲉⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲉⲃⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ (''Canis anthus lupaster)''. == Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ == <div> Ⲁ̀ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁⲥ ⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ϩⲱⲥ <hiero>E15</hiero> ϧⲉⲛϯ[[wp/cop/ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ `ⲛⲁⲡⲁⲥ|ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁⲥ]] ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ϫⲉ <hiero>i-n:p-w-E16</hiero> ϧⲉⲛϯ[[wp/cop/ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ `ⲙⲃⲉⲣⲓ|ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲙ̀ⲃⲉⲣⲓ]] (jnpw). Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲡ (ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ بانوب ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲁ̀ⲣⲁⲃⲟⲥ) ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ. </div> == Ϩⲁⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲅⲉⲓⲁ == * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲙϩⲁⲩ * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲕⲱⲥ * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲯⲩⲭⲱⲟⲩⲓ * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϣⲓ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛϩⲏⲧ == Ⲛⲉϥⲙⲁ == Ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓϯⲙⲓ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛ̀Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ ⲡⲉ Ⲕⲁⲓⲥ, [[wp/cop/ⲥⲓⲱⲟⲩⲧ|Ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ]] ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲘⲁ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲃⲓⲛ. == Ⲧⲉϥⲥⲩⲅⲅⲉⲛⲉⲓⲁ == Ⲛⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲉ [[wp/cop/ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ|Ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ]] ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ⲡⲉ [[wp/cop/ⲛⲉⲃⲑⲱ|Ⲛⲉⲃⲑⲱ]]. [[Category:Wp/cop]] [[Category:Wp/cop/Ϩⲁⲛⲉⲛⲑⲏⲣ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47534}} 260pmf9ld5qo7m70x5hbqwarnewdx2z 0 3829989 7386204 7384635 2026-11-09T12:15:55Z Kluntjekniiper 2659379 /* Ferbräiden un leevendsruum */ 7386204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/frs/Inf'rmóósjoonsboks | bgcolor = #B0C4DE | header = Wóólen | image = Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) calf Moorea 2.jpg | caption = [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|Pukkelwóól]] (''megaptera novaeangliae'') | imagewidth = 250px | header1 = Süsteemóótik | head1_1 = Klâas | item1_1 = [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|Söyğdäären]] (Mammalia) | head1_2 = Unnerklâas | item1_2 = [[Wp/frs/Hoogerder söyğdäären|Hoogerder söyğdäären]](Eutheria) | head1_3 = Ooverörnen | item1_3 = Laurasiatheria | head1_4 = Sünner râang | item1_4 = Scrotifera | head1_5 = Sünner râang | item1_5 = Cetartiodactyla | head1_6 = Örnen | item1_6 = Wóólen | header2 = Unnerörnens | item2_1 = [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|Blainwóólen]] (Mysticeti) | item2_2 = [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|Tanwóólen]] (Odontoceti) | otherheader = Wäitenskuppelk Nóóm | other0 = ''Cetacea'' | other1 = ([[Wp/frs/Mathurin-Jacques Brisson|BRISSON]], 1762) }} Däi '''wóólen''' (cetacea) bildent 'n örnen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] mit ruuğweğ 90 tsoorden, däi uutsluutend in 't wóóter leevent. D'r wordent twei unnerörnens ferskeelen: däi [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|blainwóólen]] (mysticeti), däi sük as filträärders fan plankton erneerent un tau däient - mit däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]] - däi grôotst däären fan d' [[Wp/frs/Ewulusjoon|ewulusjoonshistoorje]] tellent, as ook däi rooversk leevend [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|tanwóólen]] (odontoceti), tau däi ook däi femiilje fan däi [[Wp/frs/Delfiinen|delfiinen]] (delphinidae) höört. Mit uutnóóem fan enkeld delfiinen un däi ferskeelend gruppen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Eidelfiinen|eidelfiinen]] leevent wóólen in d' säj. Däi oovergaang tau 't wóóterleevend fultruk disser söygergruep fööer ruuğweğ 50 miljoonen joer in d' frâau eotseen. Wóólen bünt äeng ferwant mit däi [[Wp/frs/Porhauvers|porhauvers]] (artiodactyla), bâajd gruppen bildent mäinsóóm dat takson [[Wp/frs/Cetartiodactyla|cetartiodactyla]]. Däi bestâan fan fööl wóóltsoorden bünt um umweerldferfuulen, däi fiskeräj un däi industriäel bedreeven wóólfang düüdelk t'rüeğgóón. Bii weerhóólt uptreedend wóólstrannens - an däi oorsóóken word't föörskert - staarvent hunnerten fan wóólen.<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3286185/ Massenstrandung von Walen in Tasmanien wiederholt sich orf.at], 21. september 2022, ofraupen up d' 06. nowember 2026 (düütsk)</ref> == Begrip == Däi begrip "wóól" kan in 'n spróókelk äeng sin däi as "delfiin" betäikent tsoorden uutklammern, däi näit häil dekkensgliik mit däi femiilje bünt, soo dat dat häiel örnen ook as "wóólen un delfiinen" betäikent word't. Däi oel, frauer duminäärend, fandóóeğ folksdaumelk nóóm "wóólfisk" undsprekt näit dat fandóóğsk wäitenskuppelk ferstennis, um dat wóólen kiin [[Wp/frs/Fisken|fisken]] bünt, man akwóótsk (wóóterleevend) [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] ([[Wp/frs/Seisöyğdäären|seisöyğdäären]]). Man in d' antîik un bit in d' middent fan d' neitiid wurdent s', up Aristoteles t'rüeğgóónd, as fisken bekeeken, alwoo däi filosoof fan dat fäärd föörkristelk jorhunnert föölfolliğ füüsiolooğsk eenelkkaiden mit däi landwaarveldäären erkent haar.<ref>Aristoteles: Historia animalium, HA 566b2-5 in dat siidennummeräären nóó Bekker (letiinsk)</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aldemaro_Romero_Jr/publication/236868053_When_Whales_Became_Mammals_The_Scientific_Journey_of_Cetaceans_From_Fish_to_Mammals_in_the_History_of_Science/links/00463519b869b0cd23000000.pdf Aldemaro Romero: When whales became mammals: The scientific journey of Cetaceans from fish to mammals in the history of science] (PDF; 2,3 MB). In: INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012 (engelsk)</ref> Eerst döör [[Wp/frs/Carl von Linné|Carl von Linné]] wurdent wóólen 1758 däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] tauörnt. == Ferbräiden un leevendsruum == [[File:Orca wal 2.jpg|thumb|Sweerdwóól in d' Arktis]] Wóólen bünt f'râal seidäären un in âal säjen fan d' weerld an t' róóken. Enkeld tsoorden swemment ook tau eideltós un wat sülst tau küstennóóe äjen in. Bloot min tsoorden leevent in teegensats d'r tau bloot in söytwóóter, d'r bii hannelt 't sük um meerder as eidelfiinen betäikent tsoorden fan ferskeelend femiiljen. Wiilst fööl marîin tsoorden fan däi wóólen as däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]], däi [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|pukkelwóól]] un ook däi [[Wp/frs/Sweerdwóól|sweerdwóól]] 'n ferbräidensgebiit hebbent, wat hóóst âal säjen umfat't, gift dat ook enkeld tsoorden, däi bloot lokóól föörkooment. D'r höörent t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Kalifornsk swiinswóól|kalifornsk swiinswóól]] in 'n lütje däil fan d' [[Wp/frs/Gulf fan Kalifornien|Gulf fan Kalifornien]] as ook däi [[Wp/frs/Hektoor-delfin|hektoor-delfin]] in enkeld küstenwóóters bii [[Wp/frs/Neiseiland|Neiseiland]] bii. In d' säjen gift dat soo wal tsoorden, däi däi däiperder seigebiiten beföörtsuugent as ook tsoorden, däi fóók of bloot in d' küstennóóet un flakwóóterberekken leevent. Dat updäilen fan däi leevendsruumen ergift sük in 't n'rmóólgefal langs bepóólt temperótürgrensen in d' oseóónen, desweegen liegent däi ferbräidensgebiiten fan däi mäiest tsoorden langs spesiifisk bred'tengróóden. Fööl tsoorden leevent düs bloot in troopsk of subtroopsk wóóters, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Bryde-wóól|bryde-wóól]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Rundkopdelfiin|rundkopdelfiin]], annernt fint man bloot in d' berek fan däi süüdelk polaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Süüdelk gladdelfiin|süüdelk gladdelfiin]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Stünnenglasdelfiin|stünnenglasdelfiin]], of in d' noordelk poolaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Naarwóól|naarwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Witwóól|witwóól]]. == Wellen == [[Category:Wp/frs]] is6fpvxgg0cxb0u7zd6hf9wk3iafevd 7386205 7386204 2026-11-09T12:18:08Z Kluntjekniiper 2659379 /* Ferbräiden un leevendsruum */ 7386205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/frs/Inf'rmóósjoonsboks | bgcolor = #B0C4DE | header = Wóólen | image = Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) calf Moorea 2.jpg | caption = [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|Pukkelwóól]] (''megaptera novaeangliae'') | imagewidth = 250px | header1 = Süsteemóótik | head1_1 = Klâas | item1_1 = [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|Söyğdäären]] (Mammalia) | head1_2 = Unnerklâas | item1_2 = [[Wp/frs/Hoogerder söyğdäären|Hoogerder söyğdäären]](Eutheria) | head1_3 = Ooverörnen | item1_3 = Laurasiatheria | head1_4 = Sünner râang | item1_4 = Scrotifera | head1_5 = Sünner râang | item1_5 = Cetartiodactyla | head1_6 = Örnen | item1_6 = Wóólen | header2 = Unnerörnens | item2_1 = [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|Blainwóólen]] (Mysticeti) | item2_2 = [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|Tanwóólen]] (Odontoceti) | otherheader = Wäitenskuppelk Nóóm | other0 = ''Cetacea'' | other1 = ([[Wp/frs/Mathurin-Jacques Brisson|BRISSON]], 1762) }} Däi '''wóólen''' (cetacea) bildent 'n örnen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] mit ruuğweğ 90 tsoorden, däi uutsluutend in 't wóóter leevent. D'r wordent twei unnerörnens ferskeelen: däi [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|blainwóólen]] (mysticeti), däi sük as filträärders fan plankton erneerent un tau däient - mit däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]] - däi grôotst däären fan d' [[Wp/frs/Ewulusjoon|ewulusjoonshistoorje]] tellent, as ook däi rooversk leevend [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|tanwóólen]] (odontoceti), tau däi ook däi femiilje fan däi [[Wp/frs/Delfiinen|delfiinen]] (delphinidae) höört. Mit uutnóóem fan enkeld delfiinen un däi ferskeelend gruppen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Eidelfiinen|eidelfiinen]] leevent wóólen in d' säj. Däi oovergaang tau 't wóóterleevend fultruk disser söygergruep fööer ruuğweğ 50 miljoonen joer in d' frâau eotseen. Wóólen bünt äeng ferwant mit däi [[Wp/frs/Porhauvers|porhauvers]] (artiodactyla), bâajd gruppen bildent mäinsóóm dat takson [[Wp/frs/Cetartiodactyla|cetartiodactyla]]. Däi bestâan fan fööl wóóltsoorden bünt um umweerldferfuulen, däi fiskeräj un däi industriäel bedreeven wóólfang düüdelk t'rüeğgóón. Bii weerhóólt uptreedend wóólstrannens - an däi oorsóóken word't föörskert - staarvent hunnerten fan wóólen.<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3286185/ Massenstrandung von Walen in Tasmanien wiederholt sich orf.at], 21. september 2022, ofraupen up d' 06. nowember 2026 (düütsk)</ref> == Begrip == Däi begrip "wóól" kan in 'n spróókelk äeng sin däi as "delfiin" betäikent tsoorden uutklammern, däi näit häil dekkensgliik mit däi femiilje bünt, soo dat dat häiel örnen ook as "wóólen un delfiinen" betäikent word't. Däi oel, frauer duminäärend, fandóóeğ folksdaumelk nóóm "wóólfisk" undsprekt näit dat fandóóğsk wäitenskuppelk ferstennis, um dat wóólen kiin [[Wp/frs/Fisken|fisken]] bünt, man akwóótsk (wóóterleevend) [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] ([[Wp/frs/Seisöyğdäären|seisöyğdäären]]). Man in d' antîik un bit in d' middent fan d' neitiid wurdent s', up Aristoteles t'rüeğgóónd, as fisken bekeeken, alwoo däi filosoof fan dat fäärd föörkristelk jorhunnert föölfolliğ füüsiolooğsk eenelkkaiden mit däi landwaarveldäären erkent haar.<ref>Aristoteles: Historia animalium, HA 566b2-5 in dat siidennummeräären nóó Bekker (letiinsk)</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aldemaro_Romero_Jr/publication/236868053_When_Whales_Became_Mammals_The_Scientific_Journey_of_Cetaceans_From_Fish_to_Mammals_in_the_History_of_Science/links/00463519b869b0cd23000000.pdf Aldemaro Romero: When whales became mammals: The scientific journey of Cetaceans from fish to mammals in the history of science] (PDF; 2,3 MB). In: INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012 (engelsk)</ref> Eerst döör [[Wp/frs/Carl von Linné|Carl von Linné]] wurdent wóólen 1758 däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] tauörnt. == Ferbräiden un leevendsruum == [[File:Orca wal 2.jpg|thumb|Sweerdwóól in d' Arktis]] Wóólen bünt f'râal seidäären un in âal säjen fan d' weerld an t' róóken. Enkeld tsoorden swemment ook tau eideltós un wat sülst tau küstennóóe äjen in. Bloot min tsoorden leevent in teegensats d'r tau bloot in söytwóóter, d'r bii hannelt 't sük um meerder as eidelfiinen betäikent tsoorden fan ferskeelend femiiljen. Wiilst fööl marîin tsoorden fan däi wóólen as däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]], däi [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|pukkelwóól]] un ook däi [[Wp/frs/Sweerdwóól|sweerdwóól]] 'n ferbräidensgebiit hebbent, wat hóóst âal säjen umfat't, gift dat ook enkeld tsoorden, däi bloot lokóól föörkooment. D'r höörent t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Kalifornsk swiinswóól|kalifornsk swiinswóól]] in 'n lütje däil fan d' [[Wp/frs/Gulf fan Kalifornien|Gulf fan Kalifornien]] as ook däi [[Wp/frs/Hektoor-delfin|hektoor-delfin]] in enkeld küstenwóóters bii [[Wp/frs/Neiseiland|Neiseiland]] bii. In d' säjen gift dat soo wal tsoorden, däi däi däiperder seigebiiten beföörtsuugent as ook tsoorden, däi fóók of bloot in d' küstennóóet un flakwóóterberekken leevent. Dat updäilen fan däi leevendsruumen ergift sük in 't n'rmóólgefal langs bepóólt temperótürgrensen in d' oseóónen, desweegen liegent däi ferbräidensgebiiten fan däi mäiest tsoorden langs spesiifisk bred'tengróóden. Fööl tsoorden leevent düs bloot in troopsk of subtroopsk wóóters, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Bryde-wóól|bryde-wóól]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Rundkopdelfiin|rundkopdelfiin]], annernt fint man bloot in d' berek fan däi süüdelk polaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Süüdelk gladdelfiin|süüdelk gladdelfiin]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Ürglasdelfiin|ürglasdelfiin]], of in d' noordelk poolaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Naarwóól|naarwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Witwóól|witwóól]]. == Wellen == [[Category:Wp/frs]] jf2633vw4pq1c8xnke1dghfkdbevywq 7386208 7386205 2026-11-09T12:24:31Z Kluntjekniiper 2659379 7386208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/frs/Inf'rmóósjoonsboks | bgcolor = #B0C4DE | header = Wóólen | image = Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) calf Moorea 2.jpg | caption = [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|Pukkelwóól]] (''megaptera novaeangliae'') | imagewidth = 250px | header1 = Süsteemóótik | head1_1 = Klâas | item1_1 = [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|Söyğdäären]] (Mammalia) | head1_2 = Unnerklâas | item1_2 = [[Wp/frs/Hoogerder söyğdäären|Hoogerder söyğdäären]](Eutheria) | head1_3 = Ooverörnen | item1_3 = Laurasiatheria | head1_4 = Sünner râang | item1_4 = Scrotifera | head1_5 = Sünner râang | item1_5 = Cetartiodactyla | head1_6 = Örnen | item1_6 = Wóólen | header2 = Unnerörnens | item2_1 = [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|Blainwóólen]] (Mysticeti) | item2_2 = [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|Tanwóólen]] (Odontoceti) | otherheader = Wäitenskuppelk Nóóm | other0 = ''Cetacea'' | other1 = ([[Wp/frs/Mathurin-Jacques Brisson|BRISSON]], 1762) }} Däi '''wóólen''' (cetacea) bildent 'n örnen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] mit ruuğweğ 90 tsoorden, däi uutsluutend in 't wóóter leevent. D'r wordent twei unnerörnens ferskeelen: däi [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|blainwóólen]] (mysticeti), däi sük as filträärders fan plankton erneerent un tau däient - mit däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]] - däi grôotst däären fan d' [[Wp/frs/Ewulusjoon|ewulusjoonshistoorje]] tellent, as ook däi rooversk leevend [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|tanwóólen]] (odontoceti), tau däi ook däi femiilje fan däi [[Wp/frs/Delfiinen|delfiinen]] (delphinidae) höört. Mit uutnóóem fan enkeld delfiinen un däi ferskeelend gruppen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Eidelfiinen|eidelfiinen]] leevent wóólen in d' säj. Däi oovergaang tau 't wóóterleevend fultruk disser söygergruep fööer ruuğweğ 50 miljoonen joer in d' frâau eotseen. Wóólen bünt äeng ferwant mit däi [[Wp/frs/Porhauvers|porhauvers]] (artiodactyla), bâajd gruppen bildent mäinsóóm dat takson [[Wp/frs/Cetartiodactyla|cetartiodactyla]]. Däi bestâan fan fööl wóóltsoorden bünt um umweerldferfuulen, däi fiskeräj un däi industriäel bedreeven wóólfang düüdelk t'rüeğgóón. Bii weerhóólt uptreedend wóólstrannens - an däi oorsóóken word't föörskert - staarvent hunnerten fan wóólen.<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3286185/ Massenstrandung von Walen in Tasmanien wiederholt sich orf.at], 21. september 2022, ofraupen up d' 06. nowember 2026 (düütsk)</ref> == Begrip == Däi begrip "wóól" kan in 'n spróókelk äeng sin däi as "delfiin" betäikent tsoorden uutklammern, däi näit häil dekkensgliik mit däi femiilje bünt, soo dat dat häiel örnen ook as "wóólen un delfiinen" betäikent word't. Däi oel, frauer duminäärend, fandóóeğ folksdaumelk nóóm "wóólfisk" undsprekt näit dat fandóóğsk wäitenskuppelk ferstennis, um dat wóólen kiin [[Wp/frs/Fisken|fisken]] bünt, man akwóótsk (wóóterleevend) [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] ([[Wp/frs/Seisöyğdäären|seisöyğdäären]]). Man in d' antîik un bit in d' middent fan d' neitiid wurdent s', up Aristoteles t'rüeğgóónd, as fisken bekeeken, alwoo däi filosoof fan dat fäärd föörkristelk jorhunnert föölfolliğ füüsiolooğsk eenelkkaiden mit däi landwaarveldäären erkent haar.<ref>Aristoteles: Historia animalium, HA 566b2-5 in dat siidennummeräären nóó Bekker (letiinsk)</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aldemaro_Romero_Jr/publication/236868053_When_Whales_Became_Mammals_The_Scientific_Journey_of_Cetaceans_From_Fish_to_Mammals_in_the_History_of_Science/links/00463519b869b0cd23000000.pdf Aldemaro Romero: When whales became mammals: The scientific journey of Cetaceans from fish to mammals in the history of science] (PDF; 2,3 MB). In: INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012 (engelsk)</ref> Eerst döör [[Wp/frs/Carl von Linné|Carl von Linné]] wurdent wóólen 1758 däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] tauörnt. == Ferbräiden un leevendsruum == [[File:Orca wal 2.jpg|thumb|Sweerdwóól in d' Arktis]] Wóólen bünt f'râal seidäären un in âal säjen fan d' weerld an t' róóken. Enkeld tsoorden swemment ook tau eideltós un wat sülst tau küstennóóe äjen in. Bloot min tsoorden leevent in teegensats d'r tau bloot in söytwóóter, d'r bii hannelt 't sük um meerder as eidelfiinen betäikent tsoorden fan ferskeelend femiiljen. Wiilst fööl marîin tsoorden fan däi wóólen as däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]], däi [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|pukkelwóól]] un ook däi [[Wp/frs/Sweerdwóól|sweerdwóól]] 'n ferbräidensgebiit hebbent, wat hóóst âal säjen umfat't, gift dat ook enkeld tsoorden, däi bloot lokóól föörkooment. D'r höörent t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Kalifornsk swiinswóól|kalifornsk swiinswóól]] in 'n lütje däil fan d' [[Wp/frs/Gulf fan Kalifornien|Gulf fan Kalifornien]] as ook däi [[Wp/frs/Hektoor-delfin|hektoor-delfin]] in enkeld küstenwóóters bii [[Wp/frs/Neiseiland|Neiseiland]] bii. In d' säjen gift dat soo wal tsoorden, däi däi däiperder seigebiiten beföörtsuugent as ook tsoorden, däi fóók of bloot in d' küstennóóet un flakwóóterberekken leevent. Dat updäilen fan däi leevendsruumen ergift sük in 't n'rmóólgefal langs bepóólt temperótürgrensen in d' oseóónen, desweegen liegent däi ferbräidensgebiiten fan däi mäiest tsoorden langs spesiifisk bred'tengróóden. Fööl tsoorden leevent düs bloot in troopsk of subtroopsk wóóters, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Bryde-wóól|bryde-wóól]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Rundkopdelfiin|rundkopdelfiin]], annernt fint man bloot in d' berek fan däi süüdelk polaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Süüdelk gladdelfiin|süüdelk gladdelfiin]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Ürglasdelfiin|ürglasdelfiin]], of in d' noordelk poolaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Naarwóól|naarwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Witwóól|witwóól]]. Dit wertikóóel uutbräiden word't f'râal döör landmassen as natürelk biljeerens unnerbrooken. Soo eksistäärent fan fööl kusmopolitisk tsoorden enkeld populóósjoonen in d' [[Wp/frs/Patsiifisk|Patsiifisk]], in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] un in d' [[Wp/frs/Indisk Oseóón|Indisk Oseóón]], boovendeem kooment wat tsoorden grundsettelk bloot in äien fan disser drei trent oseóónen fööer. Soo fint man t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Sowerby-tweitanwóól|sowerby-tweitanwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Clymene-delfiin|clymene-delfiin]] bloot in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]], däi [[Wp/frs/Witstriipendelfiin|witstriipendelfiin]] un däi noordelk [[Wp/frs/Gladdelfiin|gladdelfiin]] bloot in d' Noord-Paziifik. == Wellen == [[Category:Wp/frs]] c5u9zprg0fjylsvo6fq8yqm3ywkdr4z 7386209 7386208 2026-11-09T12:25:36Z Kluntjekniiper 2659379 /* Ferbräiden un leevendsruum */ 7386209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/frs/Inf'rmóósjoonsboks | bgcolor = #B0C4DE | header = Wóólen | image = Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) calf Moorea 2.jpg | caption = [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|Pukkelwóól]] (''megaptera novaeangliae'') | imagewidth = 250px | header1 = Süsteemóótik | head1_1 = Klâas | item1_1 = [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|Söyğdäären]] (Mammalia) | head1_2 = Unnerklâas | item1_2 = [[Wp/frs/Hoogerder söyğdäären|Hoogerder söyğdäären]](Eutheria) | head1_3 = Ooverörnen | item1_3 = Laurasiatheria | head1_4 = Sünner râang | item1_4 = Scrotifera | head1_5 = Sünner râang | item1_5 = Cetartiodactyla | head1_6 = Örnen | item1_6 = Wóólen | header2 = Unnerörnens | item2_1 = [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|Blainwóólen]] (Mysticeti) | item2_2 = [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|Tanwóólen]] (Odontoceti) | otherheader = Wäitenskuppelk Nóóm | other0 = ''Cetacea'' | other1 = ([[Wp/frs/Mathurin-Jacques Brisson|BRISSON]], 1762) }} Däi '''wóólen''' (cetacea) bildent 'n örnen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] mit ruuğweğ 90 tsoorden, däi uutsluutend in 't wóóter leevent. D'r wordent twei unnerörnens ferskeelen: däi [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|blainwóólen]] (mysticeti), däi sük as filträärders fan plankton erneerent un tau däient - mit däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]] - däi grôotst däären fan d' [[Wp/frs/Ewulusjoon|ewulusjoonshistoorje]] tellent, as ook däi rooversk leevend [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|tanwóólen]] (odontoceti), tau däi ook däi femiilje fan däi [[Wp/frs/Delfiinen|delfiinen]] (delphinidae) höört. Mit uutnóóem fan enkeld delfiinen un däi ferskeelend gruppen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Eidelfiinen|eidelfiinen]] leevent wóólen in d' säj. Däi oovergaang tau 't wóóterleevend fultruk disser söygergruep fööer ruuğweğ 50 miljoonen joer in d' frâau eotseen. Wóólen bünt äeng ferwant mit däi [[Wp/frs/Porhauvers|porhauvers]] (artiodactyla), bâajd gruppen bildent mäinsóóm dat takson [[Wp/frs/Cetartiodactyla|cetartiodactyla]]. Däi bestâan fan fööl wóóltsoorden bünt um umweerldferfuulen, däi fiskeräj un däi industriäel bedreeven wóólfang düüdelk t'rüeğgóón. Bii weerhóólt uptreedend wóólstrannens - an däi oorsóóken word't föörskert - staarvent hunnerten fan wóólen.<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3286185/ Massenstrandung von Walen in Tasmanien wiederholt sich orf.at], 21. september 2022, ofraupen up d' 06. nowember 2026 (düütsk)</ref> == Begrip == Däi begrip "wóól" kan in 'n spróókelk äeng sin däi as "delfiin" betäikent tsoorden uutklammern, däi näit häil dekkensgliik mit däi femiilje bünt, soo dat dat häiel örnen ook as "wóólen un delfiinen" betäikent word't. Däi oel, frauer duminäärend, fandóóeğ folksdaumelk nóóm "wóólfisk" undsprekt näit dat fandóóğsk wäitenskuppelk ferstennis, um dat wóólen kiin [[Wp/frs/Fisken|fisken]] bünt, man akwóótsk (wóóterleevend) [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] ([[Wp/frs/Seisöyğdäären|seisöyğdäären]]). Man in d' antîik un bit in d' middent fan d' neitiid wurdent s', up Aristoteles t'rüeğgóónd, as fisken bekeeken, alwoo däi filosoof fan dat fäärd föörkristelk jorhunnert föölfolliğ füüsiolooğsk eenelkkaiden mit däi landwaarveldäären erkent haar.<ref>Aristoteles: Historia animalium, HA 566b2-5 in dat siidennummeräären nóó Bekker (letiinsk)</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aldemaro_Romero_Jr/publication/236868053_When_Whales_Became_Mammals_The_Scientific_Journey_of_Cetaceans_From_Fish_to_Mammals_in_the_History_of_Science/links/00463519b869b0cd23000000.pdf Aldemaro Romero: When whales became mammals: The scientific journey of Cetaceans from fish to mammals in the history of science] (PDF; 2,3 MB). In: INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012 (engelsk)</ref> Eerst döör [[Wp/frs/Carl von Linné|Carl von Linné]] wurdent wóólen 1758 däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] tauörnt. == Ferbräiden un leevendsruum == [[File:Orca wal 2.jpg|thumb|Sweerdwóól in d' Arktis]] Wóólen bünt f'râal seidäären un in âal säjen fan d' weerld an t' róóken. Enkeld tsoorden swemment ook tau eideltós un wat sülst tau küstennóóe äjen in. Bloot min tsoorden leevent in teegensats d'r tau bloot in söytwóóter, d'r bii hannelt 't sük um meerder as eidelfiinen betäikent tsoorden fan ferskeelend femiiljen. Wiilst fööl marîin tsoorden fan däi wóólen as däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]], däi [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|pukkelwóól]] un ook däi [[Wp/frs/Sweerdwóól|sweerdwóól]] 'n ferbräidensgebiit hebbent, wat hóóst âal säjen umfat't, gift dat ook enkeld tsoorden, däi bloot lokóól föörkooment. D'r höörent t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Kalifornsk swiinswóól|kalifornsk swiinswóól]] in 'n lütje däil fan d' [[Wp/frs/Gulf fan Kalifornien|Gulf fan Kalifornien]] as ook däi [[Wp/frs/Hektoor-delfin|hektoor-delfin]] in enkeld küstenwóóters bii [[Wp/frs/Neiseiland|Neiseiland]] bii. In d' säjen gift dat soo wal tsoorden, däi däi däiperder seigebiiten beföörtsuugent as ook tsoorden, däi fóók of bloot in d' küstennóóet un flakwóóterberekken leevent. Dat updäilen fan däi leevendsruumen ergift sük in 't n'rmóólgefal langs bepóólt temperótürgrensen in d' oseóónen, desweegen liegent däi ferbräidensgebiiten fan däi mäiest tsoorden langs spesiifisk bred'tengróóden. Fööl tsoorden leevent düs bloot in troopsk of subtroopsk wóóters, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Bryde-wóól|bryde-wóól]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Rundkopdelfiin|rundkopdelfiin]], annernt fint man bloot in d' berek fan däi süüdelk polaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Süüdelk gladdelfiin|süüdelk gladdelfiin]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Ürglasdelfiin|ürglasdelfiin]], of in d' noordelk poolaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Naarwóól|naarwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Witwóól|witwóól]]. Dit wertikóóel uutbräiden word't f'râal döör landmassen as natürelk biljeerens unnerbrooken. Soo eksistäärent fan fööl kusmopolitisk tsoorden enkeld populóósjoonen in d' [[Wp/frs/Patsiifisk|Patsiifisk]], in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] un in d' [[Wp/frs/Indisk Oseóón|Indisk Oseóón]], boovendeem kooment wat tsoorden grundsettelk bloot in äien fan disser drei trent oseóónen fööer. Soo fint man t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Sowerby-tweitanwóól|sowerby-tweitanwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Klümeendelfiin|klümeendelfiin]] bloot in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]], däi [[Wp/frs/Witstriipendelfiin|witstriipendelfiin]] un däi noordelk [[Wp/frs/Gladdelfiin|gladdelfiin]] bloot in d' Noord-Paziifik. == Wellen == [[Category:Wp/frs]] t0zwlwvs2qve153ug2gmq6zjmnxq72j 7386210 7386209 2026-11-09T12:32:24Z Kluntjekniiper 2659379 /* Ferbräiden un leevendsruum */ 7386210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/frs/Inf'rmóósjoonsboks | bgcolor = #B0C4DE | header = Wóólen | image = Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) calf Moorea 2.jpg | caption = [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|Pukkelwóól]] (''megaptera novaeangliae'') | imagewidth = 250px | header1 = Süsteemóótik | head1_1 = Klâas | item1_1 = [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|Söyğdäären]] (Mammalia) | head1_2 = Unnerklâas | item1_2 = [[Wp/frs/Hoogerder söyğdäären|Hoogerder söyğdäären]](Eutheria) | head1_3 = Ooverörnen | item1_3 = Laurasiatheria | head1_4 = Sünner râang | item1_4 = Scrotifera | head1_5 = Sünner râang | item1_5 = Cetartiodactyla | head1_6 = Örnen | item1_6 = Wóólen | header2 = Unnerörnens | item2_1 = [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|Blainwóólen]] (Mysticeti) | item2_2 = [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|Tanwóólen]] (Odontoceti) | otherheader = Wäitenskuppelk Nóóm | other0 = ''Cetacea'' | other1 = ([[Wp/frs/Mathurin-Jacques Brisson|BRISSON]], 1762) }} Däi '''wóólen''' (cetacea) bildent 'n örnen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] mit ruuğweğ 90 tsoorden, däi uutsluutend in 't wóóter leevent. D'r wordent twei unnerörnens ferskeelen: däi [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|blainwóólen]] (mysticeti), däi sük as filträärders fan plankton erneerent un tau däient - mit däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]] - däi grôotst däären fan d' [[Wp/frs/Ewulusjoon|ewulusjoonshistoorje]] tellent, as ook däi rooversk leevend [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|tanwóólen]] (odontoceti), tau däi ook däi femiilje fan däi [[Wp/frs/Delfiinen|delfiinen]] (delphinidae) höört. Mit uutnóóem fan enkeld delfiinen un däi ferskeelend gruppen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Eidelfiinen|eidelfiinen]] leevent wóólen in d' säj. Däi oovergaang tau 't wóóterleevend fultruk disser söygergruep fööer ruuğweğ 50 miljoonen joer in d' frâau eotseen. Wóólen bünt äeng ferwant mit däi [[Wp/frs/Porhauvers|porhauvers]] (artiodactyla), bâajd gruppen bildent mäinsóóm dat takson [[Wp/frs/Cetartiodactyla|cetartiodactyla]]. Däi bestâan fan fööl wóóltsoorden bünt um umweerldferfuulen, däi fiskeräj un däi industriäel bedreeven wóólfang düüdelk t'rüeğgóón. Bii weerhóólt uptreedend wóólstrannens - an däi oorsóóken word't föörskert - staarvent hunnerten fan wóólen.<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3286185/ Massenstrandung von Walen in Tasmanien wiederholt sich orf.at], 21. september 2022, ofraupen up d' 06. nowember 2026 (düütsk)</ref> == Begrip == Däi begrip "wóól" kan in 'n spróókelk äeng sin däi as "delfiin" betäikent tsoorden uutklammern, däi näit häil dekkensgliik mit däi femiilje bünt, soo dat dat häiel örnen ook as "wóólen un delfiinen" betäikent word't. Däi oel, frauer duminäärend, fandóóeğ folksdaumelk nóóm "wóólfisk" undsprekt näit dat fandóóğsk wäitenskuppelk ferstennis, um dat wóólen kiin [[Wp/frs/Fisken|fisken]] bünt, man akwóótsk (wóóterleevend) [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] ([[Wp/frs/Seisöyğdäären|seisöyğdäären]]). Man in d' antîik un bit in d' middent fan d' neitiid wurdent s', up Aristoteles t'rüeğgóónd, as fisken bekeeken, alwoo däi filosoof fan dat fäärd föörkristelk jorhunnert föölfolliğ füüsiolooğsk eenelkkaiden mit däi landwaarveldäären erkent haar.<ref>Aristoteles: Historia animalium, HA 566b2-5 in dat siidennummeräären nóó Bekker (letiinsk)</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aldemaro_Romero_Jr/publication/236868053_When_Whales_Became_Mammals_The_Scientific_Journey_of_Cetaceans_From_Fish_to_Mammals_in_the_History_of_Science/links/00463519b869b0cd23000000.pdf Aldemaro Romero: When whales became mammals: The scientific journey of Cetaceans from fish to mammals in the history of science] (PDF; 2,3 MB). In: INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012 (engelsk)</ref> Eerst döör [[Wp/frs/Carl von Linné|Carl von Linné]] wurdent wóólen 1758 däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] tauörnt. == Ferbräiden un leevendsruum == [[File:Orca wal 2.jpg|thumb|Sweerdwóól in d' Arktis]] Wóólen bünt f'râal seidäären un in âal säjen fan d' weerld an t' róóken. Enkeld tsoorden swemment ook tau eideltós un wat sülst tau küstennóóe äjen in. Bloot min tsoorden leevent in teegensats d'r tau bloot in söytwóóter, d'r bii hannelt 't sük um meerder as eidelfiinen betäikent tsoorden fan ferskeelend femiiljen. Wiilst fööl marîin tsoorden fan däi wóólen as däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]], däi [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|pukkelwóól]] un ook däi [[Wp/frs/Sweerdwóól|sweerdwóól]] 'n ferbräidensgebiit hebbent, wat hóóst âal säjen umfat't, gift dat ook enkeld tsoorden, däi bloot lokóól föörkooment. D'r höörent t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Kalifornsk swiinswóól|kalifornsk swiinswóól]] in 'n lütje däil fan d' [[Wp/frs/Gulf fan Kalifornien|Gulf fan Kalifornien]] as ook däi [[Wp/frs/Hektoor-delfin|hektoor-delfin]] in enkeld küstenwóóters bii [[Wp/frs/Neiseiland|Neiseiland]] bii. In d' säjen gift dat soo wal tsoorden, däi däi däiperder seigebiiten beföörtsuugent as ook tsoorden, däi fóók of bloot in d' küstennóóet un flakwóóterberekken leevent. Dat updäilen fan däi leevendsruumen ergift sük in 't n'rmóólgefal langs bepóólt temperótürgrensen in d' oseóónen, desweegen liegent däi ferbräidensgebiiten fan däi mäiest tsoorden langs spesiifisk bred'tengróóden. Fööl tsoorden leevent düs bloot in troopsk of subtroopsk wóóters, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Bryde-wóól|bryde-wóól]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Rundkopdelfiin|rundkopdelfiin]], annernt fint man bloot in d' berek fan däi süüdelk polaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Süüdelk gladdelfiin|süüdelk gladdelfiin]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Ürglasdelfiin|ürglasdelfiin]], of in d' noordelk poolaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Naarwóól|naarwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Witwóól|witwóól]]. Dit wertikóóel uutbräiden word't f'râal döör landmassen as natürelk biljeerens unnerbrooken. Soo eksistäärent fan fööl kusmopolitisk tsoorden enkeld populóósjoonen in d' [[Wp/frs/Patsiifisk|Patsiifisk]], in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] un in d' [[Wp/frs/Indisk Oseóón|Indisk Oseóón]], boovendeem kooment wat tsoorden grundsettelk bloot in äien fan disser drei trent oseóónen fööer. Soo fint man t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Sowerby-tweitanwóól|sowerby-tweitanwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Klümeendelfiin|klümeendelfiin]] bloot in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]], däi [[Wp/frs/Witstriipendelfiin|witstriipendelfiin]] un däi noordelk [[Wp/frs/Gladdelfiin|gladdelfiin]] bloot in d' Noord-Paziifik. Bii wannernd tsoorden, däi höör futplantensgruen fóók in troopsk un höör naarungsgruen in poolaar regjoonen liegent, kumt dat buutendeem soo wal in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] as ook in d' [[Wp/frs/Patsiifik|Patsiifik]] tau 't uutbilden fan süüdelk un noordelk populóósjoonen, däi döör däi wannerns geneetsk fannanner trent wordent. Bii wat tsoorden fört dit separäären fan däi populóósjoonen lesserhand tau 't bilden fan näej tsoorden, soo t.b. bii d' [[Wp/frs/Süüdkóóper|süüdkóóper]] un däi bâajd [[Wp/frs/Noordkóóper|noordkóóper-tsoorden]] in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] un [[Wp/frs/Patsiifik|Patsiifik]]. == Wellen == [[Category:Wp/frs]] a6r4m5j6434ajpw2g0k6ef18845n7fq 7386211 7386210 2026-11-09T12:42:17Z Kluntjekniiper 2659379 /* Ferbräiden un leevendsruum */ 7386211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/frs/Inf'rmóósjoonsboks | bgcolor = #B0C4DE | header = Wóólen | image = Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) calf Moorea 2.jpg | caption = [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|Pukkelwóól]] (''megaptera novaeangliae'') | imagewidth = 250px | header1 = Süsteemóótik | head1_1 = Klâas | item1_1 = [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|Söyğdäären]] (Mammalia) | head1_2 = Unnerklâas | item1_2 = [[Wp/frs/Hoogerder söyğdäären|Hoogerder söyğdäären]](Eutheria) | head1_3 = Ooverörnen | item1_3 = Laurasiatheria | head1_4 = Sünner râang | item1_4 = Scrotifera | head1_5 = Sünner râang | item1_5 = Cetartiodactyla | head1_6 = Örnen | item1_6 = Wóólen | header2 = Unnerörnens | item2_1 = [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|Blainwóólen]] (Mysticeti) | item2_2 = [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|Tanwóólen]] (Odontoceti) | otherheader = Wäitenskuppelk Nóóm | other0 = ''Cetacea'' | other1 = ([[Wp/frs/Mathurin-Jacques Brisson|BRISSON]], 1762) }} Däi '''wóólen''' (cetacea) bildent 'n örnen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] mit ruuğweğ 90 tsoorden, däi uutsluutend in 't wóóter leevent. D'r wordent twei unnerörnens ferskeelen: däi [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|blainwóólen]] (mysticeti), däi sük as filträärders fan plankton erneerent un tau däient - mit däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]] - däi grôotst däären fan d' [[Wp/frs/Ewulusjoon|ewulusjoonshistoorje]] tellent, as ook däi rooversk leevend [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|tanwóólen]] (odontoceti), tau däi ook däi femiilje fan däi [[Wp/frs/Delfiinen|delfiinen]] (delphinidae) höört. Mit uutnóóem fan enkeld delfiinen un däi ferskeelend gruppen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Eidelfiinen|eidelfiinen]] leevent wóólen in d' säj. Däi oovergaang tau 't wóóterleevend fultruk disser söygergruep fööer ruuğweğ 50 miljoonen joer in d' frâau eotseen. Wóólen bünt äeng ferwant mit däi [[Wp/frs/Porhauvers|porhauvers]] (artiodactyla), bâajd gruppen bildent mäinsóóm dat takson [[Wp/frs/Cetartiodactyla|cetartiodactyla]]. Däi bestâan fan fööl wóóltsoorden bünt um umweerldferfuulen, däi fiskeräj un däi industriäel bedreeven wóólfang düüdelk t'rüeğgóón. Bii weerhóólt uptreedend wóólstrannens - an däi oorsóóken word't föörskert - staarvent hunnerten fan wóólen.<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3286185/ Massenstrandung von Walen in Tasmanien wiederholt sich orf.at], 21. september 2022, ofraupen up d' 06. nowember 2026 (düütsk)</ref> == Begrip == Däi begrip "wóól" kan in 'n spróókelk äeng sin däi as "delfiin" betäikent tsoorden uutklammern, däi näit häil dekkensgliik mit däi femiilje bünt, soo dat dat häiel örnen ook as "wóólen un delfiinen" betäikent word't. Däi oel, frauer duminäärend, fandóóeğ folksdaumelk nóóm "wóólfisk" undsprekt näit dat fandóóğsk wäitenskuppelk ferstennis, um dat wóólen kiin [[Wp/frs/Fisken|fisken]] bünt, man akwóótsk (wóóterleevend) [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] ([[Wp/frs/Seisöyğdäären|seisöyğdäären]]). Man in d' antîik un bit in d' middent fan d' neitiid wurdent s', up Aristoteles t'rüeğgóónd, as fisken bekeeken, alwoo däi filosoof fan dat fäärd föörkristelk jorhunnert föölfolliğ füüsiolooğsk eenelkkaiden mit däi landwaarveldäären erkent haar.<ref>Aristoteles: Historia animalium, HA 566b2-5 in dat siidennummeräären nóó Bekker (letiinsk)</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aldemaro_Romero_Jr/publication/236868053_When_Whales_Became_Mammals_The_Scientific_Journey_of_Cetaceans_From_Fish_to_Mammals_in_the_History_of_Science/links/00463519b869b0cd23000000.pdf Aldemaro Romero: When whales became mammals: The scientific journey of Cetaceans from fish to mammals in the history of science] (PDF; 2,3 MB). In: INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012 (engelsk)</ref> Eerst döör [[Wp/frs/Carl von Linné|Carl von Linné]] wurdent wóólen 1758 däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] tauörnt. == Ferbräiden un leevendsruum == [[File:Orca wal 2.jpg|thumb|Sweerdwóól in d' Arktis]] Wóólen bünt f'râal seidäären un in âal säjen fan d' weerld an t' róóken. Enkeld tsoorden swemment ook tau eideltós un wat sülst tau küstennóóe äjen in. Bloot min tsoorden leevent in teegensats d'r tau bloot in söytwóóter, d'r bii hannelt 't sük um meerder as eidelfiinen betäikent tsoorden fan ferskeelend femiiljen. Wiilst fööl marîin tsoorden fan däi wóólen as däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]], däi [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|pukkelwóól]] un ook däi [[Wp/frs/Sweerdwóól|sweerdwóól]] 'n ferbräidensgebiit hebbent, wat hóóst âal säjen umfat't, gift dat ook enkeld tsoorden, däi bloot lokóól föörkooment. D'r höörent t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Kalifornsk swiinswóól|kalifornsk swiinswóól]] in 'n lütje däil fan d' [[Wp/frs/Gulf fan Kalifornien|Gulf fan Kalifornien]] as ook däi [[Wp/frs/Hektoor-delfin|hektoor-delfin]] in enkeld küstenwóóters bii [[Wp/frs/Neiseiland|Neiseiland]] bii. In d' säjen gift dat soo wal tsoorden, däi däi däiperder seigebiiten beföörtsuugent as ook tsoorden, däi fóók of bloot in d' küstennóóet un flakwóóterberekken leevent. Dat updäilen fan däi leevendsruumen ergift sük in 't n'rmóólgefal langs bepóólt temperótürgrensen in d' oseóónen, desweegen liegent däi ferbräidensgebiiten fan däi mäiest tsoorden langs spesiifisk bred'tengróóden. Fööl tsoorden leevent düs bloot in troopsk of subtroopsk wóóters, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Bryde-wóól|bryde-wóól]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Rundkopdelfiin|rundkopdelfiin]], annernt fint man bloot in d' berek fan däi süüdelk polaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Süüdelk gladdelfiin|süüdelk gladdelfiin]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Ürglasdelfiin|ürglasdelfiin]], of in d' noordelk poolaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Naarwóól|naarwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Witwóól|witwóól]]. Dit wertikóóel uutbräiden word't f'râal döör landmassen as natürelk biljeerens unnerbrooken. Soo eksistäärent fan fööl kusmopolitisk tsoorden enkeld populóósjoonen in d' [[Wp/frs/Patsiifisk|Patsiifisk]], in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] un in d' [[Wp/frs/Indisk Oseóón|Indisk Oseóón]], boovendeem kooment wat tsoorden grundsettelk bloot in äien fan disser drei trent oseóónen fööer. Soo fint man t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Sowerby-tweitanwóól|sowerby-tweitanwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Klümeendelfiin|klümeendelfiin]] bloot in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]], däi [[Wp/frs/Witstriipendelfiin|witstriipendelfiin]] un däi noordelk [[Wp/frs/Gladdelfiin|gladdelfiin]] bloot in d' Noord-Paziifik. Bii wannernd tsoorden, däi höör futplantensgruen fóók in troopsk un höör naarungsgruen in poolaar regjoonen liegent, kumt dat buutendeem soo wal in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] as ook in d' [[Wp/frs/Patsiifik|Patsiifik]] tau 't uutbilden fan süüdelk un noordelk populóósjoonen, däi döör däi wannerns geneetsk fannanner trent wordent. Bii wat tsoorden fört dit separäären fan däi populóósjoonen lesserhand tau 't bilden fan näej tsoorden, soo t.b. bii d' [[Wp/frs/Süüdkóóper|süüdkóóper]] un däi bâajd [[Wp/frs/Noordkóóper|noordkóóper-tsoorden]] in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] un [[Wp/frs/Patsiifik|Patsiifik]]. In europeesk wóóters kunnent in 't gehäil 32 wóóltsoorden nóóweesen worden, d'r unner 25 tsoorden, däi tau däi [[Wp/frs/Tanwóól|tanwóólen]], un sööem, däi tau däi [[Wp/frs/Blainwóól|blainwóólen]] höörent. Föörskers berichtent 2026 uut däi [[Wp/frs/Antarktis|Antarktis]], dat in däi ferleeden fiif jortainten däi bestâan, däi t'fööer döör wóólfang desimäärt worden wassent, sük weer sâacht ferhóólent.<ref>[https://orf.at/av/video/onDemandVideoNews76890 Walbestand in den Weltmeeren erholt sich langsam - orf.at], 13. pril 2026, ofraupen up d' 09. nowember 2026</ref> == Wellen == [[Category:Wp/frs]] 8l5yxzgpktp6a7w6xbzlacx5bky6q5v 7386212 7386211 2026-11-09T12:42:50Z Kluntjekniiper 2659379 7386212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/frs/Inf'rmóósjoonsboks | bgcolor = #B0C4DE | header = Wóólen | image = Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) calf Moorea 2.jpg | caption = [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|Pukkelwóól]] (''megaptera novaeangliae'') | imagewidth = 250px | header1 = Süsteemóótik | head1_1 = Klâas | item1_1 = [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|Söyğdäären]] (Mammalia) | head1_2 = Unnerklâas | item1_2 = [[Wp/frs/Hoogerder söyğdäären|Hoogerder söyğdäären]](Eutheria) | head1_3 = Ooverörnen | item1_3 = Laurasiatheria | head1_4 = Sünner râang | item1_4 = Scrotifera | head1_5 = Sünner râang | item1_5 = Cetartiodactyla | head1_6 = Örnen | item1_6 = Wóólen | header2 = Unnerörnens | item2_1 = [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|Blainwóólen]] (Mysticeti) | item2_2 = [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|Tanwóólen]] (Odontoceti) | otherheader = Wäitenskuppelk Nóóm | other0 = ''Cetacea'' | other1 = ([[Wp/frs/Mathurin-Jacques Brisson|BRISSON]], 1762) }} Däi '''wóólen''' (cetacea) bildent 'n örnen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] mit ruuğweğ 90 tsoorden, däi uutsluutend in 't wóóter leevent. D'r wordent twei unnerörnens ferskeelen: däi [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|blainwóólen]] (mysticeti), däi sük as filträärders fan plankton erneerent un tau däient - mit däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]] - däi grôotst däären fan d' [[Wp/frs/Ewulusjoon|ewulusjoonshistoorje]] tellent, as ook däi rooversk leevend [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|tanwóólen]] (odontoceti), tau däi ook däi femiilje fan däi [[Wp/frs/Delfiinen|delfiinen]] (delphinidae) höört. Mit uutnóóem fan enkeld delfiinen un däi ferskeelend gruppen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Eidelfiinen|eidelfiinen]] leevent wóólen in d' säj. Däi oovergaang tau 't wóóterleevend fultruk disser söygergruep fööer ruuğweğ 50 miljoonen joer in d' frâau eotseen. Wóólen bünt äeng ferwant mit däi [[Wp/frs/Porhauvers|porhauvers]] (artiodactyla), bâajd gruppen bildent mäinsóóm dat takson [[Wp/frs/Cetartiodactyla|cetartiodactyla]]. Däi bestâan fan fööl wóóltsoorden bünt um umweerldferfuulen, däi fiskeräj un däi industriäel bedreeven wóólfang düüdelk t'rüeğgóón. Bii weerhóólt uptreedend wóólstrannens - an däi oorsóóken word't föörskert - staarvent hunnerten fan wóólen.<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3286185/ Massenstrandung von Walen in Tasmanien wiederholt sich orf.at], 21. september 2022, ofraupen up d' 06. nowember 2026 (düütsk)</ref> == Begrip == Däi begrip "wóól" kan in 'n spróókelk äeng sin däi as "delfiin" betäikent tsoorden uutklammern, däi näit häil dekkensgliik mit däi femiilje bünt, soo dat dat häiel örnen ook as "wóólen un delfiinen" betäikent word't. Däi oel, frauer duminäärend, fandóóeğ folksdaumelk nóóm "wóólfisk" undsprekt näit dat fandóóğsk wäitenskuppelk ferstennis, um dat wóólen kiin [[Wp/frs/Fisken|fisken]] bünt, man akwóótsk (wóóterleevend) [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] ([[Wp/frs/Seisöyğdäären|seisöyğdäären]]). Man in d' antîik un bit in d' middent fan d' neitiid wurdent s', up Aristoteles t'rüeğgóónd, as fisken bekeeken, alwoo däi filosoof fan dat fäärd föörkristelk jorhunnert föölfolliğ füüsiolooğsk eenelkkaiden mit däi landwaarveldäären erkent haar.<ref>Aristoteles: Historia animalium, HA 566b2-5 in dat siidennummeräären nóó Bekker (letiinsk)</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aldemaro_Romero_Jr/publication/236868053_When_Whales_Became_Mammals_The_Scientific_Journey_of_Cetaceans_From_Fish_to_Mammals_in_the_History_of_Science/links/00463519b869b0cd23000000.pdf Aldemaro Romero: When whales became mammals: The scientific journey of Cetaceans from fish to mammals in the history of science] (PDF; 2,3 MB). In: INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012 (engelsk)</ref> Eerst döör [[Wp/frs/Carl von Linné|Carl von Linné]] wurdent wóólen 1758 däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] tauörnt. == Ferbräiden un leevendsruum == [[File:Orca wal 2.jpg|thumb|Sweerdwóól in d' Arktis]] Wóólen bünt f'râal seidäären un in âal säjen fan d' weerld an t' róóken. Enkeld tsoorden swemment ook tau eideltós un wat sülst tau küstennóóe äjen in. Bloot min tsoorden leevent in teegensats d'r tau bloot in söytwóóter, d'r bii hannelt 't sük um meerder as eidelfiinen betäikent tsoorden fan ferskeelend femiiljen. Wiilst fööl marîin tsoorden fan däi wóólen as däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]], däi [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|pukkelwóól]] un ook däi [[Wp/frs/Sweerdwóól|sweerdwóól]] 'n ferbräidensgebiit hebbent, wat hóóst âal säjen umfat't, gift dat ook enkeld tsoorden, däi bloot lokóól föörkooment. D'r höörent t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Kalifornsk swiinswóól|kalifornsk swiinswóól]] in 'n lütje däil fan d' [[Wp/frs/Gulf fan Kalifornien|Gulf fan Kalifornien]] as ook däi [[Wp/frs/Hektoor-delfin|hektoor-delfin]] in enkeld küstenwóóters bii [[Wp/frs/Neiseiland|Neiseiland]] bii. In d' säjen gift dat soo wal tsoorden, däi däi däiperder seigebiiten beföörtsuugent as ook tsoorden, däi fóók of bloot in d' küstennóóet un flakwóóterberekken leevent. Dat updäilen fan däi leevendsruumen ergift sük in 't n'rmóólgefal langs bepóólt temperótürgrensen in d' oseóónen, desweegen liegent däi ferbräidensgebiiten fan däi mäiest tsoorden langs spesiifisk bred'tengróóden. Fööl tsoorden leevent düs bloot in troopsk of subtroopsk wóóters, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Bryde-wóól|bryde-wóól]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Rundkopdelfiin|rundkopdelfiin]], annernt fint man bloot in d' berek fan däi süüdelk polaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Süüdelk gladdelfiin|süüdelk gladdelfiin]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Ürglasdelfiin|ürglasdelfiin]], of in d' noordelk poolaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Naarwóól|naarwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Witwóól|witwóól]]. Dit wertikóóel uutbräiden word't f'râal döör landmassen as natürelk biljeerens unnerbrooken. Soo eksistäärent fan fööl kusmopolitisk tsoorden enkeld populóósjoonen in d' [[Wp/frs/Patsiifisk|Patsiifisk]], in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] un in d' [[Wp/frs/Indisk Oseóón|Indisk Oseóón]], boovendeem kooment wat tsoorden grundsettelk bloot in äien fan disser drei trent oseóónen fööer. Soo fint man t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Sowerby-tweitanwóól|sowerby-tweitanwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Klümeendelfiin|klümeendelfiin]] bloot in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]], däi [[Wp/frs/Witstriipendelfiin|witstriipendelfiin]] un däi noordelk [[Wp/frs/Gladdelfiin|gladdelfiin]] bloot in d' Noord-Paziifik. Bii wannernd tsoorden, däi höör futplantensgruen fóók in troopsk un höör naarungsgruen in poolaar regjoonen liegent, kumt dat buutendeem soo wal in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] as ook in d' [[Wp/frs/Patsiifik|Patsiifik]] tau 't uutbilden fan süüdelk un noordelk populóósjoonen, däi döör däi wannerns geneetsk fannanner trent wordent. Bii wat tsoorden fört dit separäären fan däi populóósjoonen lesserhand tau 't bilden fan näej tsoorden, soo t.b. bii d' [[Wp/frs/Süüdkóóper|süüdkóóper]] un däi bâajd [[Wp/frs/Noordkóóper|noordkóóper-tsoorden]] in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] un [[Wp/frs/Patsiifik|Patsiifik]]. In europeesk wóóters kunnent in 't gehäil 32 wóóltsoorden nóóweesen worden, d'r unner 25 tsoorden, däi tau däi [[Wp/frs/Tanwóól|tanwóólen]], un sööem, däi tau däi [[Wp/frs/Blainwóól|blainwóólen]] höörent. Föörskers berichtent 2026 uut däi [[Wp/frs/Antarktis|Antarktis]], dat in däi ferleeden fiif jortainten däi bestâan, däi t'fööer döör wóólfang desimäärt worden wassent, sük weer sâacht ferhóólent.<ref>[https://orf.at/av/video/onDemandVideoNews76890 Walbestand in den Weltmeeren erholt sich langsam - orf.at], 13. pril 2026, ofraupen up d' 09. nowember 2026 (düütsk)</ref> == Wellen == [[Category:Wp/frs]] 8y8nr31yixlincuf6kpzv09ov00a04i 7386213 7386212 2026-11-09T12:53:12Z Kluntjekniiper 2659379 7386213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/frs/Inf'rmóósjoonsboks | bgcolor = #B0C4DE | header = Wóólen | image = Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) calf Moorea 2.jpg | caption = [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|Pukkelwóól]] (''megaptera novaeangliae'') | imagewidth = 250px | header1 = Süsteemóótik | head1_1 = Klâas | item1_1 = [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|Söyğdäären]] (Mammalia) | head1_2 = Unnerklâas | item1_2 = [[Wp/frs/Hoogerder söyğdäären|Hoogerder söyğdäären]](Eutheria) | head1_3 = Ooverörnen | item1_3 = Laurasiatheria | head1_4 = Sünner râang | item1_4 = Scrotifera | head1_5 = Sünner râang | item1_5 = Cetartiodactyla | head1_6 = Örnen | item1_6 = Wóólen | header2 = Unnerörnens | item2_1 = [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|Blainwóólen]] (Mysticeti) | item2_2 = [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|Tanwóólen]] (Odontoceti) | otherheader = Wäitenskuppelk Nóóm | other0 = ''Cetacea'' | other1 = ([[Wp/frs/Mathurin-Jacques Brisson|BRISSON]], 1762) }} Däi '''wóólen''' (cetacea) bildent 'n örnen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] mit ruuğweğ 90 tsoorden, däi uutsluutend in 't wóóter leevent. D'r wordent twei unnerörnens ferskeelen: däi [[Wp/frs/Blainwóólen|blainwóólen]] (mysticeti), däi sük as filträärders fan plankton erneerent un tau däient - mit däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]] - däi grôotst däären fan d' [[Wp/frs/Ewulusjoon|ewulusjoonshistoorje]] tellent, as ook däi rooversk leevend [[Wp/frs/Tanwóólen|tanwóólen]] (odontoceti), tau däi ook däi femiilje fan däi [[Wp/frs/Delfiinen|delfiinen]] (delphinidae) höört. Mit uutnóóem fan enkeld delfiinen un däi ferskeelend gruppen fan däi [[Wp/frs/Eidelfiinen|eidelfiinen]] leevent wóólen in d' säj. Däi oovergaang tau 't wóóterleevend fultruk disser söygergruep fööer ruuğweğ 50 miljoonen joer in d' frâau eotseen. Wóólen bünt äeng ferwant mit däi [[Wp/frs/Porhauvers|porhauvers]] (artiodactyla), bâajd gruppen bildent mäinsóóm dat takson [[Wp/frs/Cetartiodactyla|cetartiodactyla]]. Däi bestâan fan fööl wóóltsoorden bünt um umweerldferfuulen, däi fiskeräj un däi industriäel bedreeven wóólfang düüdelk t'rüeğgóón. Bii weerhóólt uptreedend wóólstrannens - an däi oorsóóken word't föörskert - staarvent hunnerten fan wóólen.<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3286185/ Massenstrandung von Walen in Tasmanien wiederholt sich orf.at], 21. september 2022, ofraupen up d' 06. nowember 2026 (düütsk)</ref> == Begrip == Däi begrip "wóól" kan in 'n spróókelk äeng sin däi as "delfiin" betäikent tsoorden uutklammern, däi näit häil dekkensgliik mit däi femiilje bünt, soo dat dat häiel örnen ook as "wóólen un delfiinen" betäikent word't. Däi oel, frauer duminäärend, fandóóeğ folksdaumelk nóóm "wóólfisk" undsprekt näit dat fandóóğsk wäitenskuppelk ferstennis, um dat wóólen kiin [[Wp/frs/Fisken|fisken]] bünt, man akwóótsk (wóóterleevend) [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] ([[Wp/frs/Seisöyğdäären|seisöyğdäären]]). Man in d' antîik un bit in d' middent fan d' neitiid wurdent s', up Aristoteles t'rüeğgóónd, as fisken bekeeken, alwoo däi filosoof fan dat fäärd föörkristelk jorhunnert föölfolliğ füüsiolooğsk eenelkkaiden mit däi landwaarveldäären erkent haar.<ref>Aristoteles: Historia animalium, HA 566b2-5 in dat siidennummeräären nóó Bekker (letiinsk)</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aldemaro_Romero_Jr/publication/236868053_When_Whales_Became_Mammals_The_Scientific_Journey_of_Cetaceans_From_Fish_to_Mammals_in_the_History_of_Science/links/00463519b869b0cd23000000.pdf Aldemaro Romero: When whales became mammals: The scientific journey of Cetaceans from fish to mammals in the history of science] (PDF; 2,3 MB). In: INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012 (engelsk)</ref> Eerst döör [[Wp/frs/Carl von Linné|Carl von Linné]] wurdent wóólen 1758 däi [[Wp/frs/Söyğdäären|söyğdäären]] tauörnt. == Ferbräiden un leevendsruum == [[File:Orca wal 2.jpg|thumb|Sweerdwóól in d' Arktis]] Wóólen bünt f'râal seidäären un in âal säjen fan d' weerld an t' róóken. Enkeld tsoorden swemment ook tau eideltós un wat sülst tau küstennóóe äjen in. Bloot min tsoorden leevent in teegensats d'r tau bloot in söytwóóter, d'r bii hannelt 't sük um meerder as eidelfiinen betäikent tsoorden fan ferskeelend femiiljen. Wiilst fööl marîin tsoorden fan däi wóólen as däi [[Wp/frs/Blaauwóól|blaauwóól]], däi [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|pukkelwóól]] un ook däi [[Wp/frs/Sweerdwóól|sweerdwóól]] 'n ferbräidensgebiit hebbent, wat hóóst âal säjen umfat't, gift dat ook enkeld tsoorden, däi bloot lokóól föörkooment. D'r höörent t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Kalifornsk swiinswóól|kalifornsk swiinswóól]] in 'n lütje däil fan d' [[Wp/frs/Gulf fan Kalifornien|Gulf fan Kalifornien]] as ook däi [[Wp/frs/Hektoor-delfin|hektoor-delfin]] in enkeld küstenwóóters bii [[Wp/frs/Neiseiland|Neiseiland]] bii. In d' säjen gift dat soo wal tsoorden, däi däi däiperder seigebiiten beföörtsuugent as ook tsoorden, däi fóók of bloot in d' küstennóóet un flakwóóterberekken leevent. Dat updäilen fan däi leevendsruumen ergift sük in 't n'rmóólgefal langs bepóólt temperótürgrensen in d' oseóónen, desweegen liegent däi ferbräidensgebiiten fan däi mäiest tsoorden langs spesiifisk bred'tengróóden. Fööl tsoorden leevent düs bloot in troopsk of subtroopsk wóóters, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Bryde-wóól|bryde-wóól]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Rundkopdelfiin|rundkopdelfiin]], annernt fint man bloot in d' berek fan däi süüdelk polaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Süüdelk gladdelfiin|süüdelk gladdelfiin]] of däi [[Wp/frs/Ürglasdelfiin|ürglasdelfiin]], of in d' noordelk poolaarsäj, t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Naarwóól|naarwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Witwóól|witwóól]]. Dit wertikóóel uutbräiden word't f'râal döör landmassen as natürelk biljeerens unnerbrooken. Soo eksistäärent fan fööl kusmopolitisk tsoorden enkeld populóósjoonen in d' [[Wp/frs/Patsiifisk|Patsiifisk]], in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] un in d' [[Wp/frs/Indisk Oseóón|Indisk Oseóón]], boovendeem kooment wat tsoorden grundsettelk bloot in äien fan disser drei trent oseóónen fööer. Soo fint man t.b. däi [[Wp/frs/Sowerby-tweitanwóól|sowerby-tweitanwóól]] un däi [[Wp/frs/Klümeendelfiin|klümeendelfiin]] bloot in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]], däi [[Wp/frs/Witstriipendelfiin|witstriipendelfiin]] un däi noordelk [[Wp/frs/Gladdelfiin|gladdelfiin]] bloot in d' Noord-Paziifik. Bii wannernd tsoorden, däi höör futplantensgruen fóók in troopsk un höör naarungsgruen in poolaar regjoonen liegent, kumt dat buutendeem soo wal in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] as ook in d' [[Wp/frs/Patsiifik|Patsiifik]] tau 't uutbilden fan süüdelk un noordelk populóósjoonen, däi döör däi wannerns geneetsk fannanner trent wordent. Bii wat tsoorden fört dit separäären fan däi populóósjoonen lesserhand tau 't bilden fan näej tsoorden, soo t.b. bii d' [[Wp/frs/Süüdkóóper|süüdkóóper]] un däi bâajd [[Wp/frs/Noordkóóper|noordkóóper-tsoorden]] in d' [[Wp/frs/Atlantik|Atlantik]] un [[Wp/frs/Patsiifik|Patsiifik]]. In europeesk wóóters kunnent in 't gehäil 32 wóóltsoorden nóóweesen worden, d'r unner 25 tsoorden, däi tau däi [[Wp/frs/Tanwóól|tanwóólen]], un sööem, däi tau däi [[Wp/frs/Blainwóól|blainwóólen]] höörent. Föörskers berichtent 2026 uut däi [[Wp/frs/Antarktis|Antarktis]], dat in däi ferleeden fiif jortainten däi bestâan, däi t'fööer döör wóólfang desimäärt worden wassent, sük weer sâacht ferhóólent.<ref>[https://orf.at/av/video/onDemandVideoNews76890 Walbestand in den Weltmeeren erholt sich langsam - orf.at], 13. pril 2026, ofraupen up d' 09. nowember 2026 (düütsk)</ref> ==Toonupnóómen== [[File:Humpback whale wheezeblow.ogg|thumb|Sang fan 'n [[Wp/frs/Pukkelwóól|pukkelwóól]]]] [[File:Humpback whale moo.ogg|thumb|Pukkelwóólsang up 'n windachtiğ dağ]] == Wellen == [[Category:Wp/frs]] 80k78f9f4wvx786rq55lkkmwywnhprv 0 3830160 7386405 7385063 2026-11-09T22:10:37Z Muhaideen Faiz Brichini 2604229 7386405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q1657330}} '''Ignatius Baffour-Awuah''' ( ba dɔgʋʋ Aŋjɛlɩnje beri lijɛre nɩŋ anaahɩ daare yuoni 1966), ɩyɛ [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] pɔlɩtɩɩsi era aŋ da la e minisita ŋa aŋ da maŋ kaara tuntuniba nɩŋ ba tumihi yɛla.<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230927010521/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=189</ref><ref>http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/serve-with-humility-president-tells-ministers.html</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Ignatius-Baffour-Awuah-2287</ref> == Ʋ Nyivori Piilee Nɩŋ Ʋ Karɩmbʋ == Ba da dɔgʋʋ Aŋjɛlɩnje beri lijɛre nɩŋ anaahɩ a yi yiri ŋa baŋ bʋɔna ka Nsoatre, aŋ be Bono Naa paalʋʋŋ, [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]]. 1992 yuoni puʋŋ la ʋŋ da nyɛ gbaŋʋ ŋa baŋ bʋɔna ka bakyila a eŋ libie sɔribo. Ʋ da la nyɛɛ gbaŋʋ ŋa baŋ bʋɔna ka pɔst-gɩraduet a eŋ tuma saawara puʋŋ 2017 yuoni la bila.<ref name=":1" /> == Ʋ Pɔlɩtɩɩsi == Yidandao Kuffuor wɔgɩri ne la ʋŋ da ti paahɩ NPP sʋgʋ ŋa puʋŋ a da e Sunyani deme dɩsɩtrɩk nɩŋkpoŋ.<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=104249</ref><ref>https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/pays-zones-geo_833/ghana_359/presentation-du-ghana_965/composition-du-gouvernement_1693.html</ref> Ʋ da la lɩʋɛ Brong Ahafo deme mɩnɩsta yiilʋʋŋ, a da ba kaʋhɩ kyɛ ʋŋ da lɩʋ a yiri yidandao mɩŋa Kuffuor wɔgɩri ne. Yuoni 2008 puʋŋ da la ka Ignatius da ahɩ a yuoni nʋmarebʋ a ko Sunyani ŋmɛntɔn-lɩnnee seŋ a da di. Kyɛ ka ʋ NPP da ba di a paalʋʋ yidandaalʋʋŋ. Ba da la ɩhʋʋ a 2012, 2016 anɩŋ 2020 nʋmarebʋ vuo ne. Yuoni 2024 nʋmarebʋ ne da la ka Hon. Millicent Amankwah da di ana kogo ne.<ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/2024-elections-sports-bigwigs-who-won-or-lost-their-seats/</ref> === Ʋ Mɩnɩstee Tuma === Dʋmba Fɩlanaa yuoni 2017, Yidandao Nana Akufo-Addo da ɩhɩɩ Baffuor-Awuah a paahɩ a mɩnɩstahɩ pie nɩŋ awaɩ ne ka ba paahɩ ʋ mɩnɩsta mɩne puʋŋ.<ref name=":2">https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025902/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839</ref> Ba da dɩɛ ba yoe a ko [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] begimaalɩ deʋ ka Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye da bʋɔŋ a yoe.<ref name=":2" /> === Ʋ Sʋgʋrɩ === Baffuor-Awuah da paahɩɩ sʋgʋri ŋa aŋ maŋ ti jiŋ a ɩhɩ sʋgʋri baŋ na maalɩ yɛla.<ref name=":1" /> == Ʋ Tuma == Ignatius Baffour-Awuah da tunee libie tuma jie ŋa baŋ bʋɔna ka European Uniɔn aŋ be Atebubu. Ʋ da lɩʋ yie be a gaa Nsoatreman Rural Libie Deʋ. 2001 yuoni puʋŋ, ʋŋ da piile ʋ pɔlɩtɩɩsi tuma wɔgɩriŋa baŋ da ihʋʋ ʋŋ e DCE a Sunyani Dɩsɩtɩrɩk puʋŋ. Yuomo anaahɩ la ʋŋ da e kyɛ baŋ da lɩʋhʋʋ ʋŋ e a yiri jaa nɩŋkpoŋ yiilʋŋ 2005 yuoni la bila 2006 - 2008 vuo ne da la baŋ da lɩʋhʋʋ a nɩŋkpoŋ mɩŋa. == Ʋ Mɩŋa Vorihʋŋ == Baffour taree pɔgɔ nɩŋ biihi bata. Ʋ ŋmɛŋ puʋhɩ jie la Catɔlɩk ŋmɛŋ puʋhɩ jie.<ref name=":1" /> == Ʋ Nyɔgebʋ == Sʋfʋraa beri ata daare 2025 yuoni wɔgɩri da la ka Gaana polɩsɩhɩ da nyɔge Baffuor-Awuah ka nɩɛ ʋŋ kʋ. Bɔlɩ ŋmɛ sʋgʋ ŋa baŋ bʋɔna ka Kumasi Asante Kotoko SC nɔgna ŋa baŋ da bʋɔna ka Francis Yaw Frimpong, ka jɛmaa bannʋʋ ka Nana Pooley kuu yɛla la baŋ da nyɔgʋʋ. == Tarɩjɩɩhi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] kddbpuqp16njb3ae5cdu1grm4lbm46g 0 3830617 7386589 7386177 2026-11-10T05:52:38Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7386589 wikitext text/x-wiki ஆக்ரா ஒரு மிகப்பெரிய நகரம்; இதில் பல மாவட்டங்கள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகள் உள்ளன, அவற்றில் குறிப்பிட்ட இடங்கள், உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் தங்குமிடங்கள் பற்றிய தகவல்கள் இடம்பெற்றுள்ளன. தில்லியிலிருந்து சுமார் 200 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ள ஆக்ரா (இந்தி: आगरा, உருது: آگرہ) நகரில், யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னங்களான தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டை ஆகிய இரண்டு இடங்கள் உள்ளன. முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக ஆக்ரா திகழ்ந்த பொற்காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பல கட்டிடங்களும் கல்லறைகளும் இங்கு காணப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், இந்நகருக்கு அருகிலேயே கைவிடப்பட்ட நகரமான ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரியும் உள்ளது; இதுவும் ஒரு உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னமாகும். இந்த மூன்று உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னங்களைத் தவிர, ஆக்ரா நகரில் குறிப்பிடும்படியான சிறப்பம்சங்கள் வேறொன்றும் இல்லை. டெல்லியைப் போலவே, ஆக்ராவிலும் காற்று மாசுபாடு, புகைமூட்டம் மற்றும் குப்பைகள் எனப் பிரச்சினைகள் மலிந்து காணப்படுகின்றன. தாஜ்மகாலின் உட்பகுதியைத் தவிர, மற்ற அனைத்துச் சின்னங்களிலும் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இடைத்தரகர்கள் மற்றும் தெருவோர வியாபாரிகளின் தொல்லைக்கு ஆளாக நேரிடுகிறது; தாஜ்மகாலுக்குள் நுழைந்துவிட்டால், இத்தகைய தொல்லைகளிலிருந்து விடுபட்டு நிம்மதியாக இருக்கலாம். இங்குள்ள இடங்கள் உலகின் மிகச்சிறந்த அதிசயங்களில் சிலவாகும்; தாஜ்மகாலைப் பார்க்காமல் இந்தியப் பயணம் முழுமையடையாது. பெரும்பாலான சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைப் பொறுத்தவரை, ஆக்ராவில் ஒரு நாள் தங்குவதே போதுமானதாகும். == மாவட்டங்கள் == தாஜ் மஹால் நகரம் மற்றும் கோட்டை வடக்கு ஆக்ரா == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == 1526 முதல் 1658 வரை முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக இருந்த காலமே ஆக்ராவின் பொற்காலமாகக் கருதப்பட்டாலும், இந்த நகரம் மிக முன்னதாகவே நிறுவப்பட்டது. இந்நகரின் பெயர் உருவான விதம் குறித்து பல விவாதங்கள் உள்ளன. மிகவும் பரவலாக ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட்ட கருத்தின்படி, இப்பெயர் இந்தி-உருது மொழியில் 'உப்புப் பாத்தி' (salt pan) என்று பொருள்படும் 'அகர்' (agar) என்ற சொல்லிலிருந்து வந்திருக்கலாம்; இப்பகுதியின் மண் உவர்ப்புத்தன்மை கொண்டதாக இருந்ததால், ஒரு காலத்தில் இங்கு நீரை ஆவியாக்கி உப்பு தயாரிக்கப்பட்டது. மற்ற சிலர், மகாபாரதம் எனும் பழங்கால இதிகாசத்திலிருந்து இப்பெயர் வந்ததாகக் கருதுகின்றனர். இதன்படி, இது சமஸ்கிருதச் சொல்லான 'அக்ரவன' (agravana) என்பதிலிருந்து உருவானது; இதற்கு 'சோலை வனம்' (grove forest) என்று பொருள். இது, கிருஷ்ணர் பிருந்தாவனத்தின் கோபிகளுடன் விளையாடிய பல சிறு காடுகளில் முதன்மையானதைக் குறிப்பதாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. முகலாயர் காலத்தில், ஆக்ரா 'அக்பராபாத்' என்றும் அழைக்கப்பட்டது; பேரரசர் ஷாஜகான் தனது தாத்தாவான அக்பரை கௌரவிக்கும் விதமாகவே இப்பெயரைச் சூட்டினார். === வரலாறு === ஆக்ராவின் பதிவுசெய்யப்பட்ட வரலாறு சுமார் 11-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் தொடங்குகிறது; அதனைத் தொடர்ந்து வந்த 500 ஆண்டுகளில், இந்த நகரம் இந்து மற்றும் முஸ்லிம் எனப் பல்வேறு மன்னர்களின் கைமாறி வந்தது. 1506-ஆம் ஆண்டில், தில்லி சுல்தானகத்தின் ஆட்சியாளரான சுல்தான் சிக்கந்தர் லோடி, தனது தலைநகரை தில்லியிலிருந்து ஆக்ராவிற்கு மாற்றினார். அவரது மகன் இப்ராகிம் லோடி, லோடி வம்சத்தின் கடைசி ஆட்சியாளராக இருந்தார்; அவர் 1526-ஆம் ஆண்டில் நடைபெற்ற பானிபட் போரில், முகலாய வம்சத்தின் முதல் ஆட்சியாளரான பாபரால் தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்டார். ஆக்ராவும் வீழ்ந்து, முகலாயர்களின் தலைநகராக மாறியது. 1540 முதல் 1556 வரையிலான ஒரு குறுகிய காலத்தைத் தவிர, ஆக்ராவின் மீது முகலாயர்களின் ஆட்சி தடையின்றி நீடித்தது. 1540-இல், ஷேர் ஷா சூரி, ஹுமாயூனைத் தோற்கடித்து, ஆக்ரா உள்ளிட்ட வட இந்தியாவின் பெரும்பகுதிகளுக்கு ஆட்சியாளரானார். ஷேர் ஷா சூரியின் மறைவுக்குப் பிறகு, அவரது வாரிசுகளால் பேரரசைச் சரியாக நிர்வகிக்க முடியவில்லை. அப்போது, ​​சூரியின் படையில் தளபதியாக இருந்த ஹேமு, உண்மையான ஆட்சியாளராக உருவெடுத்தார். மீண்டும் வலிமை பெற்ற முகலாயர்கள் படையெடுத்து வந்த வேளையில், அவர் தன்னை 'மன்னர் ஹேமச்சந்திர விக்ரமாதித்யன்' என்று முடிசூட்டிக்கொண்டார். 1556-இல் நடைபெற்ற இரண்டாம் பானிபட் போரில், ஹேமு தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்டு கொல்லப்பட்டார்; அதன் விளைவாக, முகலாயர்கள் மீண்டும் ஆக்ராவைக் கைப்பற்றினர். முகலாயர்கள் சிறந்த கட்டுமானக் கலைஞர்களாகத் திகழ்ந்தனர். பாபர், சொர்க்கத்தின் தோட்டத்தை முன்மாதிரியாகக் கொண்டு 'ஆரம் பாக்' (ஓய்வுக்கான தோட்டம்) எனும் தோட்டத்தை உருவாக்கினார்; அவரது மறைவுக்குப் பிறகு, அவர் அங்கேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார். அவரது பேரனான அக்பர், ஆக்ரா கோட்டையைப் புதுப்பித்ததுடன், ஆக்ராவின் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியில் ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரி எனும் முழு நகரத்தையே கட்டமைத்தார். அக்பரின் பேரனான ஷாஜகான், ஆக்ராவிற்கு அதன் மிகப்புகழ்பெற்ற சின்னமான தாஜ்மஹாலைப் பரிசளித்தார்; இது அவரது அன்பிற்குரிய மனைவி மும்தாஜ் மஹாலுக்கான நினைவிடமாகும். வெண்ணிறச் சலவைக்கற்களால் உருவாக்கப்பட்ட தாஜ்மஹால், கட்டி முடிக்கப்படுவதற்கு 20 ஆண்டுகள் ஆனது. இன்று இது உலகெங்கும் காதலின் சின்னமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. ஷாஜகான், தாஜ்மஹாலைப் போலவே கருப்புச் சலவைக்கற்களால் மற்றொரு நினைவுச் சின்னத்தை உருவாக்கி, அதில் தான் அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட விரும்பியதாக ஒரு கதையுண்டு. இதற்கு எந்த வரலாற்றுச் சான்றும் இல்லை; ஒருவேளை அது உண்மையாக இருந்திருந்தாலும், அத்தகைய திட்டத்தைச் செயல்படுத்துவது சாத்தியமற்றதாகவே இருந்திருக்கும். ஷாஜகானின் மகனான ஔரங்கசீப், மிகவும் எளிமையான மற்றும் இறைப்பற்றுள்ள மனிதராக இருந்தார். அவருக்குத் தனது முன்னோர்களைப் போல ஆடம்பரமான கட்டுமானங்களில் ஈடுபாடு இருக்கவில்லை; மாறாக, அவர் தனது செல்வத்தை தென்னிந்தியாவில் போர்களை நடத்துவதற்காகவே செலவிட்டார். உண்மையில், முகலாயப் பேரரசு அதன் உச்சத்திலிருந்த ஷாஜகானின் ஆட்சிக் காலத்திலேயே, தாஜ்மஹால் கட்டுமானமானது பேரரசின் வளங்களுக்குப் பெரும் சுமையாகவும், ஆக்ராவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளில் ஒரு சிறிய அளவிலான பஞ்சத்திற்கு வழிவகுப்பதாகவும் அமைந்தது. இறுதியில், ஷாஜகானும் அந்த வெண்ணிற தாஜ்மகாலிலேயே, தனது அன்பிற்குரிய பேகத்திற்கு அருகிலேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார். ஆக்ராவுக்கு அதன் மிகச்சிறந்த புகழைத் தேடித்தந்த ஷாஜகான், அதே சமயம் அதன் வீழ்ச்சிக்கும் காரணமானார்; ஏனெனில், 1658-ஆம் ஆண்டில் அவர் தனது தலைநகரை ஷாஜகானாபாத்திற்கு மாற்ற முடிவு செய்தார். ஔரங்கசீப் மீண்டும் தலைநகரை ஆக்ராவுக்கு மாற்ற உத்தரவிட்டாலும், அது நீண்ட காலம் நீடிக்கவில்லை; அவர் தனது போர்களில் கவனம் செலுத்துவதற்காக, தனது தலைமையகத்தை தெற்கே இருந்த ஔரங்காபாத்திற்கு (தற்போதைய சத்ரபதி சாம்பாஜிநகர்) மாற்றினார். இதனால் ஆக்ரா வீழ்ச்சியடைந்தது, அதனுடன் முகலாயப் பேரரசும் வீழ்ச்சியைச் சந்தித்தது. காலப்போக்கில், மராட்டியர்கள் இந்த நகரத்தைக் கைப்பற்றினர். 1803-இல், இந்நகரம் ஆங்கிலேயர்களின் கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்குள் வந்தது; அவர்கள் இங்கு 'ஆக்ரா பிரசிடென்சி'யை (Agra Presidency) நிறுவினர். இந்தியா சுதந்திரம் அடைந்த பிறகு, இந்நகரம் உத்தரப் பிரதேச மாநிலத்துடன் இணைக்கப்பட்டது. ஆனால், மாநிலத்தின் தலைநகராகும் வாய்ப்பு கூட இதற்கு கிடைக்கவில்லை; அந்த அந்தஸ்து, கிழக்கே அமைந்திருந்த லக்னோவுக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டது. தற்போது இது தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் பிற சில நினைவுச்சின்னங்களுக்காக அறியப்படும் ஒரு சுற்றுலா நகரமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. ==== வானிலை ==== இங்குள்ள காலநிலை தில்லியின் காலநிலையை ஒத்திருந்தாலும், முற்றிலும் ஒன்றல்ல. தில்லியைப் போலவே, ஆக்ராவிலும் குளிர்காலத்தில் அடர்ந்த மூடுபனி ஏற்படுவது வழக்கம்; இது பார்வைத்திறனை கிட்டத்தட்ட பூஜ்ஜியத்திற்குச் சுருக்கிவிடுகிறது. மறுபுறம், வசந்த காலத்தின் பிற்பகுதியிலும் கோடைகாலத்தின் தொடக்கத்திலும் இந்நகரம் சுட்டெரிக்கும் வெப்பத்தைக் கொண்டிருக்கும். ====== வருகையாளர் தகவல் ====== அதிகாரப்பூர்வ இணையதளங்கள்: * ஆக்ரா மாவட்டம் (Agra District)* [https://agra.nic.in/ Agra District] * ஆக்ரா மாநகராட்சி(Agra Municipal Corporation)* [https://nagarnigamagra.com/ Agra Municipal Corporation] == பேச்சுச் மொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == ஆக்ரா, தில்லியிலிருந்து தென்கிழக்கே 200 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது தில்லி, ஆக்ரா மற்றும் செய்ப்பூர் ஆகிய நகரங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளின் 'கோல்டன் ட்ரையாங்கிள்' (Golden Triangle) பாதையில் ஒரு முக்கிய இடமாகும். மேலும், ஆக்ரா மற்ற அருகிலுள்ள நகரங்கள் மற்றும் சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களுடன் ரயில் மற்றும் சாலை வழியாகச் சிறப்பாக இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளதால், தில்லியிலிருந்து ஒரு நாள் பயணமாகச் செல்வதற்கோ அல்லது நீண்ட பயணத் திட்டத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியாகச் சேர்ப்பதற்கோ இது மிகவும் ஏற்ற இடமாகும். === வானூர்தியில் === ஆக்ரா விமான நிலையம் (IATA குறியீடு: AGR). இது ஒரு சிறிய உள்நாட்டு விமான நிலையமாகும்; பெங்களூரு, ஹைதராபாத் மற்றும் நவி மும்பையிலிருந்து இங்கு நேரடி விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) புது தில்லி (DEL IATA, HDO IATA மற்றும் DXN IATA) என்பது அருகிலுள்ள மிக முக்கியமான மையமாகும்; இங்கிருந்து பல இடங்களுக்கு நேரடி விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. === தொடருந்தில் === ஆக்ரா, தில்லி–மும்பை மற்றும் தில்லி–சென்னை ஆகிய வழித்தடங்களுக்கான முதன்மை தொடருந்து பாதையில் அமைந்துள்ளது; தினமும் பல தொடருந்துகள் ஆக்ராவை இந்த நகரங்களுடன் இணைக்கின்றன. புது தில்லியிலிருந்து கிழக்கு நோக்கிச் செல்லும் சில தொடருந்துகளும் ஆக்ரா வழியாகவே பயணிக்கின்றன; எனவே, கொல்கத்தா உள்ளிட்ட கிழக்கு இந்தியாவின் பல்வேறு இடங்களுக்கு இங்கிருந்து நேரடி தொடருந்து வசதிகள் உள்ளன. தினமும் தில்லிக்கு சுமார் 20 தொடருந்துகளும், மும்பை மற்றும் சென்னைக்கு தலா மூன்று அல்லது நான்கு தொடருந்துகளும் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. டிசம்பர் மாத இறுதியில் மற்றும் ஜனவரி மாதத் தொடக்கத்தில் (மூடுபனி நிலவும் காலம்), பார்வைத்திறன் குறைவதால் அனைத்து ரயில்களும் மெதுவாகச் செல்கின்றன; இதனால் பயண நேரம் அதிகரிக்கிறது. உதாரணமாக, புது தில்லி – ராணி கமலாபதி சதாப்தி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் தொடருந்து ஆக்ராவை காலை 10 மணிக்கு மேல் வந்தடையலாம், மேலும் புது தில்லிக்குத் திரும்பும்போது நள்ளிரவைத் தாண்டிவிடக்கூடும். பாதுகாப்பு அம்சத்தைக் கருத்தில் கொண்டால், குளிர்காலத்தில் தொடருந்தில் பயணம் செய்வது எப்போதும் சிறந்தது. நீங்கள் ஒரே நாளில் சென்று திரும்பும் வகையில் (அதாவது அதிகாலையில் புறப்பட்டு, இரவு நியாயமான நேரத்திற்குள் திரும்பும் வகையில்) பயணம் செய்ய விரும்பினால், மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் அதிகம் உள்ள காலங்களில் சில நாட்களுக்கு அல்லது சில வாரங்களுக்கு முன்பே உங்கள் பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டும். இந்திய தொடருந்து இணையதளம் மூலம் பற்று அல்லது கடன் அட்டைகள் வழியாகப் பணம் செலுத்தி தொடருந்து பயணச்சீட்டுகளை இணையத்தில் முன்பதிவு செய்யலாம், இருப்பினும் வெளிநாட்டு வங்கிகளால் வழங்கப்பட்ட அட்டைகள் பெரும்பாலும் நிராகரிக்கப்படுகின்றன. இணையத்தில் பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்வது குறித்த மேலும் தகவல்களுக்கு, 'இந்தியாவில் ரயில் பயணம் (Rail travel in India)[[Rail travel in India]]' என்ற கட்டுரையைப் பார்க்கவும். ஆக்ராவில் பல தொடருந்து நிலையங்கள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட், ஆக்ரா ஃபோர்ட் மற்றும் இத்கா நிலையங்களைப் பற்றி மட்டும் கவனம் செலுத்தினால் போதும், ஏனெனில் கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்து பிரதான வழித்தட தொடருந்துகளும் இங்கு வந்து செல்கின்றன. == பேருந்தில் == == சிற்றுந்தில் == == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == பணியாற்றுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == ov973kyzxc5rd53unryvqzigdq0lw7x 7386593 7386589 2026-11-10T05:54:43Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7386593 wikitext text/x-wiki ஆக்ரா ஒரு மிகப்பெரிய நகரம்; இதில் பல மாவட்டங்கள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகள் உள்ளன, அவற்றில் குறிப்பிட்ட இடங்கள், உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் தங்குமிடங்கள் பற்றிய தகவல்கள் இடம்பெற்றுள்ளன. தில்லியிலிருந்து சுமார் 200 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ள ஆக்ரா (இந்தி: आगरा, உருது: آگرہ) நகரில், யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னங்களான தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டை ஆகிய இரண்டு இடங்கள் உள்ளன. முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக ஆக்ரா திகழ்ந்த பொற்காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பல கட்டிடங்களும் கல்லறைகளும் இங்கு காணப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், இந்நகருக்கு அருகிலேயே கைவிடப்பட்ட நகரமான ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரியும் உள்ளது; இதுவும் ஒரு உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னமாகும். இந்த மூன்று உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னங்களைத் தவிர, ஆக்ரா நகரில் குறிப்பிடும்படியான சிறப்பம்சங்கள் வேறொன்றும் இல்லை. டெல்லியைப் போலவே, ஆக்ராவிலும் காற்று மாசுபாடு, புகைமூட்டம் மற்றும் குப்பைகள் எனப் பிரச்சினைகள் மலிந்து காணப்படுகின்றன. தாஜ்மகாலின் உட்பகுதியைத் தவிர, மற்ற அனைத்துச் சின்னங்களிலும் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இடைத்தரகர்கள் மற்றும் தெருவோர வியாபாரிகளின் தொல்லைக்கு ஆளாக நேரிடுகிறது; தாஜ்மகாலுக்குள் நுழைந்துவிட்டால், இத்தகைய தொல்லைகளிலிருந்து விடுபட்டு நிம்மதியாக இருக்கலாம். இங்குள்ள இடங்கள் உலகின் மிகச்சிறந்த அதிசயங்களில் சிலவாகும்; தாஜ்மகாலைப் பார்க்காமல் இந்தியப் பயணம் முழுமையடையாது. பெரும்பாலான சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைப் பொறுத்தவரை, ஆக்ராவில் ஒரு நாள் தங்குவதே போதுமானதாகும். == மாவட்டங்கள் == தாஜ் மஹால் நகரம் மற்றும் கோட்டை வடக்கு ஆக்ரா == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == 1526 முதல் 1658 வரை முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக இருந்த காலமே ஆக்ராவின் பொற்காலமாகக் கருதப்பட்டாலும், இந்த நகரம் மிக முன்னதாகவே நிறுவப்பட்டது. இந்நகரின் பெயர் உருவான விதம் குறித்து பல விவாதங்கள் உள்ளன. மிகவும் பரவலாக ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட்ட கருத்தின்படி, இப்பெயர் இந்தி-உருது மொழியில் 'உப்புப் பாத்தி' (salt pan) என்று பொருள்படும் 'அகர்' (agar) என்ற சொல்லிலிருந்து வந்திருக்கலாம்; இப்பகுதியின் மண் உவர்ப்புத்தன்மை கொண்டதாக இருந்ததால், ஒரு காலத்தில் இங்கு நீரை ஆவியாக்கி உப்பு தயாரிக்கப்பட்டது. மற்ற சிலர், மகாபாரதம் எனும் பழங்கால இதிகாசத்திலிருந்து இப்பெயர் வந்ததாகக் கருதுகின்றனர். இதன்படி, இது சமஸ்கிருதச் சொல்லான 'அக்ரவன' (agravana) என்பதிலிருந்து உருவானது; இதற்கு 'சோலை வனம்' (grove forest) என்று பொருள். இது, கிருஷ்ணர் பிருந்தாவனத்தின் கோபிகளுடன் விளையாடிய பல சிறு காடுகளில் முதன்மையானதைக் குறிப்பதாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. முகலாயர் காலத்தில், ஆக்ரா 'அக்பராபாத்' என்றும் அழைக்கப்பட்டது; பேரரசர் ஷாஜகான் தனது தாத்தாவான அக்பரை கௌரவிக்கும் விதமாகவே இப்பெயரைச் சூட்டினார். === வரலாறு === ஆக்ராவின் பதிவுசெய்யப்பட்ட வரலாறு சுமார் 11-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் தொடங்குகிறது; அதனைத் தொடர்ந்து வந்த 500 ஆண்டுகளில், இந்த நகரம் இந்து மற்றும் முஸ்லிம் எனப் பல்வேறு மன்னர்களின் கைமாறி வந்தது. 1506-ஆம் ஆண்டில், தில்லி சுல்தானகத்தின் ஆட்சியாளரான சுல்தான் சிக்கந்தர் லோடி, தனது தலைநகரை தில்லியிலிருந்து ஆக்ராவிற்கு மாற்றினார். அவரது மகன் இப்ராகிம் லோடி, லோடி வம்சத்தின் கடைசி ஆட்சியாளராக இருந்தார்; அவர் 1526-ஆம் ஆண்டில் நடைபெற்ற பானிபட் போரில், முகலாய வம்சத்தின் முதல் ஆட்சியாளரான பாபரால் தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்டார். ஆக்ராவும் வீழ்ந்து, முகலாயர்களின் தலைநகராக மாறியது. 1540 முதல் 1556 வரையிலான ஒரு குறுகிய காலத்தைத் தவிர, ஆக்ராவின் மீது முகலாயர்களின் ஆட்சி தடையின்றி நீடித்தது. 1540-இல், ஷேர் ஷா சூரி, ஹுமாயூனைத் தோற்கடித்து, ஆக்ரா உள்ளிட்ட வட இந்தியாவின் பெரும்பகுதிகளுக்கு ஆட்சியாளரானார். ஷேர் ஷா சூரியின் மறைவுக்குப் பிறகு, அவரது வாரிசுகளால் பேரரசைச் சரியாக நிர்வகிக்க முடியவில்லை. அப்போது, ​​சூரியின் படையில் தளபதியாக இருந்த ஹேமு, உண்மையான ஆட்சியாளராக உருவெடுத்தார். மீண்டும் வலிமை பெற்ற முகலாயர்கள் படையெடுத்து வந்த வேளையில், அவர் தன்னை 'மன்னர் ஹேமச்சந்திர விக்ரமாதித்யன்' என்று முடிசூட்டிக்கொண்டார். 1556-இல் நடைபெற்ற இரண்டாம் பானிபட் போரில், ஹேமு தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்டு கொல்லப்பட்டார்; அதன் விளைவாக, முகலாயர்கள் மீண்டும் ஆக்ராவைக் கைப்பற்றினர். முகலாயர்கள் சிறந்த கட்டுமானக் கலைஞர்களாகத் திகழ்ந்தனர். பாபர், சொர்க்கத்தின் தோட்டத்தை முன்மாதிரியாகக் கொண்டு 'ஆரம் பாக்' (ஓய்வுக்கான தோட்டம்) எனும் தோட்டத்தை உருவாக்கினார்; அவரது மறைவுக்குப் பிறகு, அவர் அங்கேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார். அவரது பேரனான அக்பர், ஆக்ரா கோட்டையைப் புதுப்பித்ததுடன், ஆக்ராவின் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியில் ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரி எனும் முழு நகரத்தையே கட்டமைத்தார். அக்பரின் பேரனான ஷாஜகான், ஆக்ராவிற்கு அதன் மிகப்புகழ்பெற்ற சின்னமான தாஜ்மஹாலைப் பரிசளித்தார்; இது அவரது அன்பிற்குரிய மனைவி மும்தாஜ் மஹாலுக்கான நினைவிடமாகும். வெண்ணிறச் சலவைக்கற்களால் உருவாக்கப்பட்ட தாஜ்மஹால், கட்டி முடிக்கப்படுவதற்கு 20 ஆண்டுகள் ஆனது. இன்று இது உலகெங்கும் காதலின் சின்னமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. ஷாஜகான், தாஜ்மஹாலைப் போலவே கருப்புச் சலவைக்கற்களால் மற்றொரு நினைவுச் சின்னத்தை உருவாக்கி, அதில் தான் அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட விரும்பியதாக ஒரு கதையுண்டு. இதற்கு எந்த வரலாற்றுச் சான்றும் இல்லை; ஒருவேளை அது உண்மையாக இருந்திருந்தாலும், அத்தகைய திட்டத்தைச் செயல்படுத்துவது சாத்தியமற்றதாகவே இருந்திருக்கும். ஷாஜகானின் மகனான ஔரங்கசீப், மிகவும் எளிமையான மற்றும் இறைப்பற்றுள்ள மனிதராக இருந்தார். அவருக்குத் தனது முன்னோர்களைப் போல ஆடம்பரமான கட்டுமானங்களில் ஈடுபாடு இருக்கவில்லை; மாறாக, அவர் தனது செல்வத்தை தென்னிந்தியாவில் போர்களை நடத்துவதற்காகவே செலவிட்டார். உண்மையில், முகலாயப் பேரரசு அதன் உச்சத்திலிருந்த ஷாஜகானின் ஆட்சிக் காலத்திலேயே, தாஜ்மஹால் கட்டுமானமானது பேரரசின் வளங்களுக்குப் பெரும் சுமையாகவும், ஆக்ராவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளில் ஒரு சிறிய அளவிலான பஞ்சத்திற்கு வழிவகுப்பதாகவும் அமைந்தது. இறுதியில், ஷாஜகானும் அந்த வெண்ணிற தாஜ்மகாலிலேயே, தனது அன்பிற்குரிய பேகத்திற்கு அருகிலேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார். ஆக்ராவுக்கு அதன் மிகச்சிறந்த புகழைத் தேடித்தந்த ஷாஜகான், அதே சமயம் அதன் வீழ்ச்சிக்கும் காரணமானார்; ஏனெனில், 1658-ஆம் ஆண்டில் அவர் தனது தலைநகரை ஷாஜகானாபாத்திற்கு மாற்ற முடிவு செய்தார். ஔரங்கசீப் மீண்டும் தலைநகரை ஆக்ராவுக்கு மாற்ற உத்தரவிட்டாலும், அது நீண்ட காலம் நீடிக்கவில்லை; அவர் தனது போர்களில் கவனம் செலுத்துவதற்காக, தனது தலைமையகத்தை தெற்கே இருந்த ஔரங்காபாத்திற்கு (தற்போதைய சத்ரபதி சாம்பாஜிநகர்) மாற்றினார். இதனால் ஆக்ரா வீழ்ச்சியடைந்தது, அதனுடன் முகலாயப் பேரரசும் வீழ்ச்சியைச் சந்தித்தது. காலப்போக்கில், மராட்டியர்கள் இந்த நகரத்தைக் கைப்பற்றினர். 1803-இல், இந்நகரம் ஆங்கிலேயர்களின் கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்குள் வந்தது; அவர்கள் இங்கு 'ஆக்ரா பிரசிடென்சி'யை (Agra Presidency) நிறுவினர். இந்தியா சுதந்திரம் அடைந்த பிறகு, இந்நகரம் உத்தரப் பிரதேச மாநிலத்துடன் இணைக்கப்பட்டது. ஆனால், மாநிலத்தின் தலைநகராகும் வாய்ப்பு கூட இதற்கு கிடைக்கவில்லை; அந்த அந்தஸ்து, கிழக்கே அமைந்திருந்த லக்னோவுக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டது. தற்போது இது தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் பிற சில நினைவுச்சின்னங்களுக்காக அறியப்படும் ஒரு சுற்றுலா நகரமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. ==== வானிலை ==== இங்குள்ள காலநிலை தில்லியின் காலநிலையை ஒத்திருந்தாலும், முற்றிலும் ஒன்றல்ல. தில்லியைப் போலவே, ஆக்ராவிலும் குளிர்காலத்தில் அடர்ந்த மூடுபனி ஏற்படுவது வழக்கம்; இது பார்வைத்திறனை கிட்டத்தட்ட பூஜ்ஜியத்திற்குச் சுருக்கிவிடுகிறது. மறுபுறம், வசந்த காலத்தின் பிற்பகுதியிலும் கோடைகாலத்தின் தொடக்கத்திலும் இந்நகரம் சுட்டெரிக்கும் வெப்பத்தைக் கொண்டிருக்கும். ====== வருகையாளர் தகவல் ====== அதிகாரப்பூர்வ இணையதளங்கள்: * ஆக்ரா மாவட்டம் (Agra District)* [https://agra.nic.in/ Agra District] * ஆக்ரா மாநகராட்சி(Agra Municipal Corporation)* [https://nagarnigamagra.com/ Agra Municipal Corporation] == பேச்சுச் மொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == ஆக்ரா, தில்லியிலிருந்து தென்கிழக்கே 200 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது தில்லி, ஆக்ரா மற்றும் செய்ப்பூர் ஆகிய நகரங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளின் 'கோல்டன் ட்ரையாங்கிள்' (Golden Triangle) பாதையில் ஒரு முக்கிய இடமாகும். மேலும், ஆக்ரா மற்ற அருகிலுள்ள நகரங்கள் மற்றும் சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களுடன் ரயில் மற்றும் சாலை வழியாகச் சிறப்பாக இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளதால், தில்லியிலிருந்து ஒரு நாள் பயணமாகச் செல்வதற்கோ அல்லது நீண்ட பயணத் திட்டத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியாகச் சேர்ப்பதற்கோ இது மிகவும் ஏற்ற இடமாகும். === வானூர்தியில் === ஆக்ரா விமான நிலையம் (IATA குறியீடு: AGR). இது ஒரு சிறிய உள்நாட்டு விமான நிலையமாகும்; பெங்களூரு, ஹைதராபாத் மற்றும் நவி மும்பையிலிருந்து இங்கு நேரடி விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) புது தில்லி (DEL IATA, HDO IATA மற்றும் DXN IATA) என்பது அருகிலுள்ள மிக முக்கியமான மையமாகும்; இங்கிருந்து பல இடங்களுக்கு நேரடி விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. === தொடருந்தில் === ஆக்ரா, தில்லி–மும்பை மற்றும் தில்லி–சென்னை ஆகிய வழித்தடங்களுக்கான முதன்மை தொடருந்து பாதையில் அமைந்துள்ளது; தினமும் பல தொடருந்துகள் ஆக்ராவை இந்த நகரங்களுடன் இணைக்கின்றன. புது தில்லியிலிருந்து கிழக்கு நோக்கிச் செல்லும் சில தொடருந்துகளும் ஆக்ரா வழியாகவே பயணிக்கின்றன; எனவே, கொல்கத்தா உள்ளிட்ட கிழக்கு இந்தியாவின் பல்வேறு இடங்களுக்கு இங்கிருந்து நேரடி தொடருந்து வசதிகள் உள்ளன. தினமும் தில்லிக்கு சுமார் 20 தொடருந்துகளும், மும்பை மற்றும் சென்னைக்கு தலா மூன்று அல்லது நான்கு தொடருந்துகளும் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. டிசம்பர் மாத இறுதியில் மற்றும் ஜனவரி மாதத் தொடக்கத்தில் (மூடுபனி நிலவும் காலம்), பார்வைத்திறன் குறைவதால் அனைத்து ரயில்களும் மெதுவாகச் செல்கின்றன; இதனால் பயண நேரம் அதிகரிக்கிறது. உதாரணமாக, புது தில்லி – ராணி கமலாபதி சதாப்தி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் தொடருந்து ஆக்ராவை காலை 10 மணிக்கு மேல் வந்தடையலாம், மேலும் புது தில்லிக்குத் திரும்பும்போது நள்ளிரவைத் தாண்டிவிடக்கூடும். பாதுகாப்பு அம்சத்தைக் கருத்தில் கொண்டால், குளிர்காலத்தில் தொடருந்தில் பயணம் செய்வது எப்போதும் சிறந்தது. நீங்கள் ஒரே நாளில் சென்று திரும்பும் வகையில் (அதாவது அதிகாலையில் புறப்பட்டு, இரவு நியாயமான நேரத்திற்குள் திரும்பும் வகையில்) பயணம் செய்ய விரும்பினால், மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் அதிகம் உள்ள காலங்களில் சில நாட்களுக்கு அல்லது சில வாரங்களுக்கு முன்பே உங்கள் பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டும். இந்திய தொடருந்து இணையதளம் மூலம் பற்று அல்லது கடன் அட்டைகள் வழியாகப் பணம் செலுத்தி தொடருந்து பயணச்சீட்டுகளை இணையத்தில் முன்பதிவு செய்யலாம், இருப்பினும் வெளிநாட்டு வங்கிகளால் வழங்கப்பட்ட அட்டைகள் பெரும்பாலும் நிராகரிக்கப்படுகின்றன. இணையத்தில் பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்வது குறித்த மேலும் தகவல்களுக்கு, 'இந்தியாவில் ரயில் பயணம் (Rail travel in India)' என்ற கட்டுரையைப் பார்க்கவும். ஆக்ராவில் பல தொடருந்து நிலையங்கள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட், ஆக்ரா ஃபோர்ட் மற்றும் இத்கா நிலையங்களைப் பற்றி மட்டும் கவனம் செலுத்தினால் போதும், ஏனெனில் கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்து பிரதான வழித்தட தொடருந்துகளும் இங்கு வந்து செல்கின்றன. == பேருந்தில் == == சிற்றுந்தில் == == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == பணியாற்றுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == [[Category:Wy/ta]] bjch3ns3kxskqdnwpsb5yrmhlhokcwi 7386640 7386593 2026-11-10T07:05:12Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7386640 wikitext text/x-wiki ஆக்ரா ஒரு மிகப்பெரிய நகரம்; இதில் பல மாவட்டங்கள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகள் உள்ளன, அவற்றில் குறிப்பிட்ட இடங்கள், உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் தங்குமிடங்கள் பற்றிய தகவல்கள் இடம்பெற்றுள்ளன. தில்லியிலிருந்து சுமார் 200 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ள ஆக்ரா (இந்தி: आगरा, உருது: آگرہ) நகரில், யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னங்களான தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டை ஆகிய இரண்டு இடங்கள் உள்ளன. முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக ஆக்ரா திகழ்ந்த பொற்காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பல கட்டிடங்களும் கல்லறைகளும் இங்கு காணப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், இந்நகருக்கு அருகிலேயே கைவிடப்பட்ட நகரமான ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரியும் உள்ளது; இதுவும் ஒரு உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னமாகும். இந்த மூன்று உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னங்களைத் தவிர, ஆக்ரா நகரில் குறிப்பிடும்படியான சிறப்பம்சங்கள் வேறொன்றும் இல்லை. டெல்லியைப் போலவே, ஆக்ராவிலும் காற்று மாசுபாடு, புகைமூட்டம் மற்றும் குப்பைகள் எனப் பிரச்சினைகள் மலிந்து காணப்படுகின்றன. தாஜ்மகாலின் உட்பகுதியைத் தவிர, மற்ற அனைத்துச் சின்னங்களிலும் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இடைத்தரகர்கள் மற்றும் தெருவோர வியாபாரிகளின் தொல்லைக்கு ஆளாக நேரிடுகிறது; தாஜ்மகாலுக்குள் நுழைந்துவிட்டால், இத்தகைய தொல்லைகளிலிருந்து விடுபட்டு நிம்மதியாக இருக்கலாம். இங்குள்ள இடங்கள் உலகின் மிகச்சிறந்த அதிசயங்களில் சிலவாகும்; தாஜ்மகாலைப் பார்க்காமல் இந்தியப் பயணம் முழுமையடையாது. பெரும்பாலான சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைப் பொறுத்தவரை, ஆக்ராவில் ஒரு நாள் தங்குவதே போதுமானதாகும். == மாவட்டங்கள் == * தாஜ் மஹால் * நகரம் மற்றும் கோட்டை * வடக்கு ஆக்ரா == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == 1526 முதல் 1658 வரை முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக இருந்த காலமே ஆக்ராவின் பொற்காலமாகக் கருதப்பட்டாலும், இந்த நகரம் மிக முன்னதாகவே நிறுவப்பட்டது. இந்நகரின் பெயர் உருவான விதம் குறித்து பல விவாதங்கள் உள்ளன. மிகவும் பரவலாக ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட்ட கருத்தின்படி, இப்பெயர் இந்தி-உருது மொழியில் 'உப்புப் பாத்தி' (salt pan) என்று பொருள்படும் 'அகர்' (agar) என்ற சொல்லிலிருந்து வந்திருக்கலாம்; இப்பகுதியின் மண் உவர்ப்புத்தன்மை கொண்டதாக இருந்ததால், ஒரு காலத்தில் இங்கு நீரை ஆவியாக்கி உப்பு தயாரிக்கப்பட்டது. மற்ற சிலர், மகாபாரதம் எனும் பழங்கால இதிகாசத்திலிருந்து இப்பெயர் வந்ததாகக் கருதுகின்றனர். இதன்படி, இது சமஸ்கிருதச் சொல்லான 'அக்ரவன' (agravana) என்பதிலிருந்து உருவானது; இதற்கு 'சோலை வனம்' (grove forest) என்று பொருள். இது, கிருஷ்ணர் பிருந்தாவனத்தின் கோபிகளுடன் விளையாடிய பல சிறு காடுகளில் முதன்மையானதைக் குறிப்பதாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. முகலாயர் காலத்தில், ஆக்ரா 'அக்பராபாத்' என்றும் அழைக்கப்பட்டது; பேரரசர் ஷாஜகான் தனது தாத்தாவான அக்பரை கௌரவிக்கும் விதமாகவே இப்பெயரைச் சூட்டினார். === வரலாறு === ஆக்ராவின் பதிவுசெய்யப்பட்ட வரலாறு சுமார் 11-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் தொடங்குகிறது; அதனைத் தொடர்ந்து வந்த 500 ஆண்டுகளில், இந்த நகரம் இந்து மற்றும் முஸ்லிம் எனப் பல்வேறு மன்னர்களின் கைமாறி வந்தது. 1506-ஆம் ஆண்டில், தில்லி சுல்தானகத்தின் ஆட்சியாளரான சுல்தான் சிக்கந்தர் லோடி, தனது தலைநகரை தில்லியிலிருந்து ஆக்ராவிற்கு மாற்றினார். அவரது மகன் இப்ராகிம் லோடி, லோடி வம்சத்தின் கடைசி ஆட்சியாளராக இருந்தார்; அவர் 1526-ஆம் ஆண்டில் நடைபெற்ற பானிபட் போரில், முகலாய வம்சத்தின் முதல் ஆட்சியாளரான பாபரால் தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்டார். ஆக்ராவும் வீழ்ந்து, முகலாயர்களின் தலைநகராக மாறியது. 1540 முதல் 1556 வரையிலான ஒரு குறுகிய காலத்தைத் தவிர, ஆக்ராவின் மீது முகலாயர்களின் ஆட்சி தடையின்றி நீடித்தது. 1540-இல், ஷேர் ஷா சூரி, ஹுமாயூனைத் தோற்கடித்து, ஆக்ரா உள்ளிட்ட வட இந்தியாவின் பெரும்பகுதிகளுக்கு ஆட்சியாளரானார். ஷேர் ஷா சூரியின் மறைவுக்குப் பிறகு, அவரது வாரிசுகளால் பேரரசைச் சரியாக நிர்வகிக்க முடியவில்லை. அப்போது, ​​சூரியின் படையில் தளபதியாக இருந்த ஹேமு, உண்மையான ஆட்சியாளராக உருவெடுத்தார். மீண்டும் வலிமை பெற்ற முகலாயர்கள் படையெடுத்து வந்த வேளையில், அவர் தன்னை 'மன்னர் ஹேமச்சந்திர விக்ரமாதித்யன்' என்று முடிசூட்டிக்கொண்டார். 1556-இல் நடைபெற்ற இரண்டாம் பானிபட் போரில், ஹேமு தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்டு கொல்லப்பட்டார்; அதன் விளைவாக, முகலாயர்கள் மீண்டும் ஆக்ராவைக் கைப்பற்றினர். முகலாயர்கள் சிறந்த கட்டுமானக் கலைஞர்களாகத் திகழ்ந்தனர். பாபர், சொர்க்கத்தின் தோட்டத்தை முன்மாதிரியாகக் கொண்டு 'ஆரம் பாக்' (ஓய்வுக்கான தோட்டம்) எனும் தோட்டத்தை உருவாக்கினார்; அவரது மறைவுக்குப் பிறகு, அவர் அங்கேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார். அவரது பேரனான அக்பர், ஆக்ரா கோட்டையைப் புதுப்பித்ததுடன், ஆக்ராவின் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியில் ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரி எனும் முழு நகரத்தையே கட்டமைத்தார். அக்பரின் பேரனான ஷாஜகான், ஆக்ராவிற்கு அதன் மிகப்புகழ்பெற்ற சின்னமான தாஜ்மஹாலைப் பரிசளித்தார்; இது அவரது அன்பிற்குரிய மனைவி மும்தாஜ் மஹாலுக்கான நினைவிடமாகும். வெண்ணிறச் சலவைக்கற்களால் உருவாக்கப்பட்ட தாஜ்மஹால், கட்டி முடிக்கப்படுவதற்கு 20 ஆண்டுகள் ஆனது. இன்று இது உலகெங்கும் காதலின் சின்னமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. ஷாஜகான், தாஜ்மஹாலைப் போலவே கருப்புச் சலவைக்கற்களால் மற்றொரு நினைவுச் சின்னத்தை உருவாக்கி, அதில் தான் அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட விரும்பியதாக ஒரு கதையுண்டு. இதற்கு எந்த வரலாற்றுச் சான்றும் இல்லை; ஒருவேளை அது உண்மையாக இருந்திருந்தாலும், அத்தகைய திட்டத்தைச் செயல்படுத்துவது சாத்தியமற்றதாகவே இருந்திருக்கும். ஷாஜகானின் மகனான ஔரங்கசீப், மிகவும் எளிமையான மற்றும் இறைப்பற்றுள்ள மனிதராக இருந்தார். அவருக்குத் தனது முன்னோர்களைப் போல ஆடம்பரமான கட்டுமானங்களில் ஈடுபாடு இருக்கவில்லை; மாறாக, அவர் தனது செல்வத்தை தென்னிந்தியாவில் போர்களை நடத்துவதற்காகவே செலவிட்டார். உண்மையில், முகலாயப் பேரரசு அதன் உச்சத்திலிருந்த ஷாஜகானின் ஆட்சிக் காலத்திலேயே, தாஜ்மஹால் கட்டுமானமானது பேரரசின் வளங்களுக்குப் பெரும் சுமையாகவும், ஆக்ராவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளில் ஒரு சிறிய அளவிலான பஞ்சத்திற்கு வழிவகுப்பதாகவும் அமைந்தது. இறுதியில், ஷாஜகானும் அந்த வெண்ணிற தாஜ்மகாலிலேயே, தனது அன்பிற்குரிய பேகத்திற்கு அருகிலேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார். ஆக்ராவுக்கு அதன் மிகச்சிறந்த புகழைத் தேடித்தந்த ஷாஜகான், அதே சமயம் அதன் வீழ்ச்சிக்கும் காரணமானார்; ஏனெனில், 1658-ஆம் ஆண்டில் அவர் தனது தலைநகரை ஷாஜகானாபாத்திற்கு மாற்ற முடிவு செய்தார். ஔரங்கசீப் மீண்டும் தலைநகரை ஆக்ராவுக்கு மாற்ற உத்தரவிட்டாலும், அது நீண்ட காலம் நீடிக்கவில்லை; அவர் தனது போர்களில் கவனம் செலுத்துவதற்காக, தனது தலைமையகத்தை தெற்கே இருந்த ஔரங்காபாத்திற்கு (தற்போதைய சத்ரபதி சாம்பாஜிநகர்) மாற்றினார். இதனால் ஆக்ரா வீழ்ச்சியடைந்தது, அதனுடன் முகலாயப் பேரரசும் வீழ்ச்சியைச் சந்தித்தது. காலப்போக்கில், மராட்டியர்கள் இந்த நகரத்தைக் கைப்பற்றினர். 1803-இல், இந்நகரம் ஆங்கிலேயர்களின் கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்குள் வந்தது; அவர்கள் இங்கு 'ஆக்ரா பிரசிடென்சி'யை (Agra Presidency) நிறுவினர். இந்தியா சுதந்திரம் அடைந்த பிறகு, இந்நகரம் உத்தரப் பிரதேச மாநிலத்துடன் இணைக்கப்பட்டது. ஆனால், மாநிலத்தின் தலைநகராகும் வாய்ப்பு கூட இதற்கு கிடைக்கவில்லை; அந்த அந்தஸ்து, கிழக்கே அமைந்திருந்த லக்னோவுக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டது. தற்போது இது தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் பிற சில நினைவுச்சின்னங்களுக்காக அறியப்படும் ஒரு சுற்றுலா நகரமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. ==== வானிலை ==== இங்குள்ள காலநிலை தில்லியின் காலநிலையை ஒத்திருந்தாலும், முற்றிலும் ஒன்றல்ல. தில்லியைப் போலவே, ஆக்ராவிலும் குளிர்காலத்தில் அடர்ந்த மூடுபனி ஏற்படுவது வழக்கம்; இது பார்வைத்திறனை கிட்டத்தட்ட பூஜ்ஜியத்திற்குச் சுருக்கிவிடுகிறது. மறுபுறம், வசந்த காலத்தின் பிற்பகுதியிலும் கோடைகாலத்தின் தொடக்கத்திலும் இந்நகரம் சுட்டெரிக்கும் வெப்பத்தைக் கொண்டிருக்கும். ====== வருகையாளர் தகவல் ====== அதிகாரப்பூர்வ இணையதளங்கள்: * ஆக்ரா மாவட்டம் (Agra District)* [https://agra.nic.in/ Agra District] * ஆக்ரா மாநகராட்சி(Agra Municipal Corporation)* [https://nagarnigamagra.com/ Agra Municipal Corporation] == பேச்சுச் மொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == ஆக்ரா, தில்லியிலிருந்து தென்கிழக்கே 200 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது தில்லி, ஆக்ரா மற்றும் செய்ப்பூர் ஆகிய நகரங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளின் 'கோல்டன் ட்ரையாங்கிள்' (Golden Triangle) பாதையில் ஒரு முக்கிய இடமாகும். மேலும், ஆக்ரா மற்ற அருகிலுள்ள நகரங்கள் மற்றும் சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களுடன் ரயில் மற்றும் சாலை வழியாகச் சிறப்பாக இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளதால், தில்லியிலிருந்து ஒரு நாள் பயணமாகச் செல்வதற்கோ அல்லது நீண்ட பயணத் திட்டத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியாகச் சேர்ப்பதற்கோ இது மிகவும் ஏற்ற இடமாகும். === வானூர்தியில் === ஆக்ரா விமான நிலையம் (IATA குறியீடு: AGR). இது ஒரு சிறிய உள்நாட்டு விமான நிலையமாகும்; பெங்களூரு, ஹைதராபாத் மற்றும் நவி மும்பையிலிருந்து இங்கு நேரடி விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) புது தில்லி (DEL IATA, HDO IATA மற்றும் DXN IATA) என்பது அருகிலுள்ள மிக முக்கியமான மையமாகும்; இங்கிருந்து பல இடங்களுக்கு நேரடி விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. === தொடருந்தில் === ஆக்ரா, தில்லி–மும்பை மற்றும் தில்லி–சென்னை ஆகிய வழித்தடங்களுக்கான முதன்மை தொடருந்து பாதையில் அமைந்துள்ளது; தினமும் பல தொடருந்துகள் ஆக்ராவை இந்த நகரங்களுடன் இணைக்கின்றன. புது தில்லியிலிருந்து கிழக்கு நோக்கிச் செல்லும் சில தொடருந்துகளும் ஆக்ரா வழியாகவே பயணிக்கின்றன; எனவே, கொல்கத்தா உள்ளிட்ட கிழக்கு இந்தியாவின் பல்வேறு இடங்களுக்கு இங்கிருந்து நேரடி தொடருந்து வசதிகள் உள்ளன. தினமும் தில்லிக்கு சுமார் 20 தொடருந்துகளும், மும்பை மற்றும் சென்னைக்கு தலா மூன்று அல்லது நான்கு தொடருந்துகளும் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. டிசம்பர் மாத இறுதியில் மற்றும் ஜனவரி மாதத் தொடக்கத்தில் (மூடுபனி நிலவும் காலம்), பார்வைத்திறன் குறைவதால் அனைத்து ரயில்களும் மெதுவாகச் செல்கின்றன; இதனால் பயண நேரம் அதிகரிக்கிறது. உதாரணமாக, புது தில்லி – ராணி கமலாபதி சதாப்தி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் தொடருந்து ஆக்ராவை காலை 10 மணிக்கு மேல் வந்தடையலாம், மேலும் புது தில்லிக்குத் திரும்பும்போது நள்ளிரவைத் தாண்டிவிடக்கூடும். பாதுகாப்பு அம்சத்தைக் கருத்தில் கொண்டால், குளிர்காலத்தில் தொடருந்தில் பயணம் செய்வது எப்போதும் சிறந்தது. நீங்கள் ஒரே நாளில் சென்று திரும்பும் வகையில் (அதாவது அதிகாலையில் புறப்பட்டு, இரவு நியாயமான நேரத்திற்குள் திரும்பும் வகையில்) பயணம் செய்ய விரும்பினால், மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் அதிகம் உள்ள காலங்களில் சில நாட்களுக்கு அல்லது சில வாரங்களுக்கு முன்பே உங்கள் பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டும். இந்திய தொடருந்து இணையதளம் மூலம் பற்று அல்லது கடன் அட்டைகள் வழியாகப் பணம் செலுத்தி தொடருந்து பயணச்சீட்டுகளை இணையத்தில் முன்பதிவு செய்யலாம், இருப்பினும் வெளிநாட்டு வங்கிகளால் வழங்கப்பட்ட அட்டைகள் பெரும்பாலும் நிராகரிக்கப்படுகின்றன. இணையத்தில் பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்வது குறித்த மேலும் தகவல்களுக்கு, 'இந்தியாவில் ரயில் பயணம் (Rail travel in India)' என்ற கட்டுரையைப் பார்க்கவும். ஆக்ராவில் பல தொடருந்து நிலையங்கள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட், ஆக்ரா ஃபோர்ட் மற்றும் இத்கா நிலையங்களைப் பற்றி மட்டும் கவனம் செலுத்தினால் போதும், ஏனெனில் கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்து பிரதான வழித்தட தொடருந்துகளும் இங்கு வந்து செல்கின்றன. '''1 ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் (Agra Cantonment - குறியீடு: AGC)''' என்பது ஒரு முக்கிய தொடருந்து நிலையமாகும். இது தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கு தென்மேற்கே அமைந்துள்ளது; இங்கிருந்து கார் அல்லது ரிக்‌ஷா மூலம் இந்த இடங்களுக்கு எளிதில் சென்றுவிடலாம். நடை மேடை 1-ல் உள்ள ஏதேனும் ஒரு வாயில் வழியாக வெளியே வந்தால், அங்கு தானியங்கி (ஆட்டோ) நிறுத்தத்தைக் காணலாம். நிலையத்திலிருந்து சற்று தூரம் நடந்தால் தானி-இழுவண்டிகள் பிடித்துக்கொள்ளலாம், ஆனால் ஓட்டுநர்களுக்கு ஆங்கிலம் தெரியாமல் இருக்கலாம். நிலையத்திற்கு வெளியிலேயே முன்பணம் செலுத்தும் முறை ('ப்ரீபெய்ட்') வாடகையுந்து நிலையம் உள்ளது; அங்கிருந்து நகரத்திலுள்ள எந்த தங்கும் விடுதிக்கும் நிலையான கட்டணத்தில் செல்லலாம். தொடருந்து நிலையத்தில் ஒரு உணவு வளாகம் (food court) உள்ளது; அங்கு சாண்ட்விச் மற்றும் சமோசா போன்ற மலிவான, சுகாதாரமான சிற்றுண்டிகளை வாங்கிக்கொள்ளலாம். அங்கிருந்து தொடர்ந்து சென்று சாலையைக் கடந்தால், பேருந்து முனையத்தைக் காணலாம்; அங்கிருந்து தாஜ் மஹால் செல்வதற்குப் பேருந்துகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. இருப்பினும், பேருந்து சேவை அவ்வளவு நம்பகமானதாக இருக்காது என்பதையும், பேருந்துகளின் எண்ணிக்கை குறைவாக இருக்கலாம் என்பதையும் கவனத்தில் கொள்ளவும். மேலும், உத்தரப் பிரதேச சுற்றுலா வளர்ச்சிக் கழகம் (UPTDC) நடத்தும் குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட சொகுசு பேருந்துகளில் அரசு சுற்றுலாத் திட்டங்களையும் நீங்கள் முன்பதிவு செய்து கொள்ளலாம். (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''ஆக்ரா கோட்டை (Agra Fort)''' தொடருந்து நிலையம் (குறியீடு: AF) (ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ளது; அருகிலுள்ள மெட்ரோ நிலையம்: மன்கமேஷ்வர் - மஞ்சள் வழித்தடம்). இங்கு மாநிலங்களுக்கு இடையேயான விரைவு தொடருந்துகள் அவ்வப்போது மட்டுமே நின்று செல்கின்றன. இந்த நிலையத்திலிருந்து கிழக்கு நோக்கி (கான்பூர், கோரக்பூர், ஹவுரா) செல்லும் தொடருந்துளும், மேற்கு நோக்கி செய்ப்பூர் செல்லும் தொடருந்துகளும் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன; இவற்றில் சில தொடருந்துகள் ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் (Agra Cantt) நிலையத்திலும் நின்று செல்கின்றன. இது ஆக்ராவின் வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க தொடருந்து நிலையங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். ஒரு காலத்தில், ஜமா மஸ்ஜிதிற்கும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டையின் [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]] நுழைவாயிலிற்கும் இடையில் 'திரிபோலியா சௌக்' (Tripolia Chowk) எனும் விசாலமான, எண்கோண வடிவிலான பகுதி இருந்தது. இந்த தொடருந்து நிலையத்தை உருவாக்குவதற்காக அந்த திரிபோலியா பகுதி அழிக்கப்பட்டது. இதுவே ஆக்ராவின் முதல் தொடருந்து நிலையமாகவும், நாட்டின் மிகப்பழமையான தொடருந்து நிலையங்களில் ஒன்றாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''இட்கா என்சிஆர்(Idgah  NCR)''' (குறியீடு: IDH). ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கு ஒரு மாற்று. '''ராஜா கி மண்டி(Raja ki Mandi  NCR)''' (குறியீடு: RKM) - இது நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு சிறிய தொடருந்து நிலையமாகும். ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் (Agra Cantt) நிலையத்திற்குச் செல்லும் சில தொடருந்துகள் இங்கேயும் நின்று செல்கின்றன. பொதுவாக அமைதியான சூழலைக் கொண்ட இந்த நிலையம், இன்டர்சிட்டி (Intercity) தொடருந்துகள் மற்றும் தாஜ் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் (Taj Express) தொடருந்துகள் வருகையின்போது மிகுந்த பரபரப்புடன் காணப்படுகிறது. (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''ஆக்ரா சிட்டி (Agra City)''' - என்.சி.ஆர் (NCR) (குறியீடு: AGA). மீட்டர் கேஜ் (metre gauge) காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த இந்த நிலையம், பெயரளவில் நகரின் முதன்மை நிலையம்போலத் தோன்றினாலும், நடைமுறையில் பெரிய பயன் ஏதுமற்ற ஒன்றாகும். (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''சேவைகள்''' [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]]யிலிருந்து ஆக்ராவுக்கு — தினமும் சுமார் 20 தொடருந்துகள் [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]]யையும் ஆக்ராவையும் இணைக்கின்றன; பயண நேரம் 2 முதல் 5 மணிநேரம் வரை மாறுபடும். இதில் சிறந்த விருப்பங்களாக, 'புது தில்லி – ராணி கமலாபதி வந்தே பாரத் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்' (மிக வேகமானது), 'புது தில்லி – ராணி கமலாபதி சதாப்தி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்' இது தினமும் - வெள்ளிக்கிழமை தவிர - காலை 6:15 மணிக்கு புது தில்லியிலிருந்து புறப்பட்டு காலை 8:12 மணிக்கு ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்தை அடைகிறது; மறுமார்க்கமாக, ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்திலிருந்து இரவு 8:30 மணிக்கு புறப்பட்டு இரவு 10:30 மணிக்கு புது தில்லியை வந்தடைகிறது; குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட பெட்டிகளில் உணவு மற்றும் குடிநீர் வசதி உண்டு மற்றும் 'தாஜ் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்' இது தினமும் ஹசரத் நிஜாமுதீன் நிலையத்திலிருந்து காலை 7:15 மணிக்கு புறப்பட்டு காலை 10:07 மணிக்கு ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்தை அடைகிறது; மறுமார்க்கமாக, ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்திலிருந்து மாலை 6:55 மணிக்கு புறப்பட்டு இரவு 10 மணிக்கு ஹசரத் நிஜாமுதீன் நிலையத்தை வந்தடைகிறது. ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து செய்ப்பூருக்கு - செய்ப்பூர் (நிலையக் குறியீடு: JP) செல்லும் பயணம், 2988 எண் கொண்ட தொடருந்தில் சுமார் 4 மணிநேரம் ஆகிறது. இந்த தொடருந்து ஆக்ரா கோட்டையிலிருந்து (Agra Fort) மாலை 6:25 மணிக்குக் கிளம்பி, இரவு 10:20 மணியளவில் செய்ப்பூரைச் சென்றடைகிறது. மேலும், ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட்டிலிருந்து செய்ப்பூருக்கு மாலை 5:40 மணிக்கு தொடருந்து எண் 2965 புறப்படுகிறது. இந்த தொடருந்து இரவு 10:15 மணிக்குச் சென்றடையும். குளிர்சாதன வசதி கொண்ட பெட்டியில் பயணிக்கக் கட்டணம் ₹300. ராஜஸ்தான் மற்றும் ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களுக்கு மேற்கொள்ளப்படும் 8 நாள் சுற்றுப்பயணத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியாக, 'பேலஸ் ஆன் வீல்ஸ்' (Palace on Wheels) எனும் சொகுசு தொடருந்து ஆக்ராவில் நின்று செல்கிறது. ==== பேருந்தில் ==== செய்ப்பூர், தில்லி, அஜ்மீர், லக்னோ போன்ற இடங்களிலிருந்து ஆக்ராவிற்குப் பல பேருந்துகள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. தில்லிக்கும் ஆக்ராவுக்கும் இடையிலான நெடுஞ்சாலைகளில் சுங்கவரிகள் இருப்பதால் பெரும்பாலான பேருந்துகள் அதை எடுத்துக்கொள்வதில்லை. மாறாக, அவர்கள் உள்ளூர் சாலைகளை எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறார்கள், இது எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் ரயில்களை விட (4-5 மணிநேரம்) பயணத்தை அதிக நீளமாக்குகிறது. சிறிய சாலைகள் மூலம் ஆக்ராவிற்கு பேருந்து மற்றும் சிற்றுந்து மூலம் செல்லலாம், இருப்பினும் ஆக்ராவிற்கு செல்லும் பேருந்துகள் எங்கிருந்து புறப்படும் என்று நீங்கள் கேட்க வேண்டும், முன்னுரிமை உள்ள ஒரு நம்பகமான உள்ளூர் அல்லது உங்கள் தங்கும் விடுதி உள்ள ஊழியர்களிடம் கேட்க வேண்டும். இந்திய பேருந்து நிலையங்கள், பெரும்பாலான நேரங்களில்,மேம்பாலங்களுக்கு அடியில் அமைந்துள்ள பரந்த நடைபாதை பகுதிகள் மிகவும் நெரிசலாக இருக்கும்; அங்கு எந்தப் பேருந்து எங்கு செல்லும் என்பது குறித்த எந்தத் தகவலும் இருக்காது. அல்லது, தனியார் பேருந்து நிறுவனங்களின் நிலையங்கள் உள்ளன; இவை அதிக கட்டணத்தில் கூடுதல் வசதியுடன் கூடிய பயணத்தை வழங்குகின்றன. சாகச உணர்வு கொண்டவர்களுக்கு இந்த விருப்பம் ஏற்றது; ஏனெனில், பேருந்து திடீரென பழுதடைவது, உள்ளூர் போராட்டங்கள் அல்லது பிற கூட்டங்கள் காரணமாக சாலை மூடப்படுவது போன்ற காரணங்களால் உங்கள் பயணம் பாதியிலேயே தடைபட வாய்ப்புள்ளது. ஆக்ரா செல்வதற்கு இதுவே மிக மலிவான வழி என்பதைக் கவனத்தில் கொள்க; சாதாரண பேருந்துகளுக்கு ₹60-க்கு மிகாமலும், சற்று வசதியான பேருந்துகளுக்கு ₹200-க்கு மிகாமலும் மட்டுமே கட்டணம் இருக்கும். நீங்கள் அரசு நடத்தும் பேருந்துகளில் பயணம் செய்ய விரும்பினால், உங்களை அந்த இடத்திற்கே அழைத்துச் செல்லுமாறு உங்கள் இழுவண்டி ஓட்டுநரிடம் கண்டிப்பாகக் கூற வேண்டும். நீங்கள் வெறுமனே "தில்லிக்குச் செல்லும் பேருந்துகள்" என்று மட்டும் கேட்டால், அவர்கள் உங்களை ஏதோ ஒரு தனியார் பேருந்து நிறுவனத்திடம் அழைத்துச் செல்லக்கூடும்; ஏனெனில், அவ்வாறு அழைத்துச் செல்வதன் மூலம் அவர்களுக்கு ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட கமிஷன் கிடைக்கிறது. இது உங்களுக்குச் சற்று கூடுதல் செலவை ஏற்படுத்தும். மேலும், இத்தகைய தனியார் பேருந்துகள் குறிப்பிட்ட வழித்தடத்தில் நேராகச் செல்லாமல், இடையிடையே பல இடங்களில் நின்று பயணிகளை ஏற்றி இறக்கும் என்பதால், உங்கள் பயணம் சிரமமானதாக அமையலாம். '''நிலையங்கள்''' மாநிலங்களுக்கு இடையேயான பேருந்து நிலையங்கள் இரண்டு உள்ளன: '''இட்கா பேருந்து நிலையம் (Idgah Bus Stand)'''. ராஜஸ்தான்/மத்தியப் பிரதேசம் நோக்கிச் செல்வதற்கான முதன்மையான பேருந்து நிலையம்; இது நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில், தாஜ் மஹாலிலிருந்து 8 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. (மார்ச் 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''ஐஎஸ்பிடி (ISBT)''', டிரான்ஸ்போர்ட் நகர் (தாஜ் மஹாலிலிருந்து 12 கி.மீ தொலைவில்). இத்கா பேருந்து நிலையத்திலிருந்து ராஜஸ்தான் நோக்கிச் செல்லும் பேருந்துகளைத் தவிர, மற்ற பெரும்பாலான பேருந்துகள் இவ்வழியாகவே செல்கின்றன. (ஆகஸ்ட் 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) ==== '''வாடகையுந்து மூலம்''' ==== நீங்கள் தங்கும் விடுதியில் இருந்தோ அல்லது தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு வெளியே இருந்தோ வாடகையுந்தை முன்பதிவு செய்யலாம். பொதுவாக, அங்கு அரசு அங்கீகாரம் பெற்ற வாடகையுந்து நிறுத்துமிடம் ஒன்று இருக்கும்; ஆனால், அதைக் கண்டறிவது கடினமாக இருக்கலாம். தொடருந்து நிலையத்தில் இருக்கும் உள்ளூர் நபர்கள் (அப்பாவி சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைத் தேடுபவர்கள்) அதைக் கண்டறிய உங்களுக்கு உதவ மாட்டார்கள். 8 மணி நேரத்திற்கு ₹1500 கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படும். தங்கும் விடுதிகள் தங்கள் சொந்தக் கட்டண முறையைக் கொண்டிருப்பதால், அவற்றின் வழியாக வாடகையுந்தை முன்பதிவு செய்வது அதிகச் செலவாகலாம். எனவே, ஓட்டுநரிடம் நேரடியாகப் பேசி விலை நிர்ணயிப்பது அல்லது இணையம் வாடகையுந்து தளம் மூலம் முன்பதிவு செய்வது சிறந்தது. ===== '''மகிழ்வுந்து மூலம்''' ===== '''தில்லியிலிருந்து''': யமுனா விரைவுச்சாலை (Yamuna Expressway) — கிரேட்டர் நொய்டாவிலிருந்து ஆக்ரா வரையிலான 210 கி.மீ தூரத்தை இணைக்கிறது. இந்த வழித்தடத்தில் பயணம் செய்ய வழக்கமாக 3.5 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். இந்த நெடுஞ்சாலையில் சுங்கக் கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படுகிறது. NH 44 — இந்த நெடுஞ்சாலையை அடைவதற்கான முதன்மை வழி தில்லியில் உள்ள மதுரா சாலை வழியாக அமைகிறது. இருப்பினும், தெற்கு தில்லி அல்லது இந்திரா காந்தி சர்வதேச விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து (IGI Airport) வருபவர்கள், அரவிந்தோ மார்க் (மெஹ்ராலி சாலை) வழியாக வந்து, துக்ளகாபாத் வழியாக NH 44-ஐ அடைவது எளிதாக இருக்கும். இந்த நெடுஞ்சாலை இரு திசைகளுக்கும் தனித்தனி பாதைகளைக் கொண்டிருந்தாலும், தவறான திசையில் வரும் லாரிகள், கார்கள் மற்றும் மாட்டு வண்டிகள் குறித்து மிகுந்த எச்சரிக்கையுடன் இருப்பது அவசியம். இரண்டு சூழல்களிலும், ஓட்டுநருடன் கூடிய காரை வாடகைக்கு எடுக்க முடியும் (தில்லி விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து அல்லது விமான நிலையத்திற்குச் செல்ல, ஐந்து பேர் பயணிக்கக்கூடிய பெரிய காருக்கு ₹3500 கட்டணமாகும்). சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு இணையம் மற்றும் இணையம் அல்லாத என இரண்டு முறைகளும் உள்ளன. ஆனால் கவனமாக இருங்கள்; ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து விமான நிலையத்திற்குச் சென்று விமானத்தைப் பிடிக்க வேண்டியிருந்தால், பயணத்திற்குத் தாராளமாக நேரம் ஒதுக்குங்கள். ஏனெனில், போக்குவரத்து நெரிசலால் பயண நேரம் கணிசமாக அதிகரிக்கக்கூடும். மேலும், உங்கள் ஓட்டுநரைப் பற்றி முன்கூட்டியே தெரிந்துகொள்வது நல்லது. சில சமயங்களில், அவர்கள் அந்தத் தூரத்தைக் கடக்க ஐந்து மணி நேரத்திற்கும் மேலாக எடுத்துக்கொள்ளலாம்; அத்தகைய சூழலில், ஒரு ஆட்டோவை விட வேகமாகச் செல்லுமாறு அவர்களை உங்களால் வற்புறுத்த முடியாது. '''செய்ப்பூரிலிருந்து''': நான்கு வழிப்பாதைகளைக் கொண்ட தேசிய நெடுஞ்சாலை 11, ஆக்ராவையும் செய்ப்பூரையும் இணைக்கிறது. இந்தப் பாதை பரத்பூர் (பறவைகள் சரணாலயம் அமைந்துள்ள நகரம்) மற்றும் ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரி வழியாகச் செல்கிறது. சுமார் 255 கி.மீ தொலைவைக் கடக்க ஏறக்குறைய 4 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். '''லக்னோவிலிருந்து''': ஆக்ரா-லக்னோ விரைவுச்சாலை, மாநிலத் தலைநகரான லக்னோவையும் ஆக்ராவையும் இணைக்கிறது; இதன் நீளம் 302 கி.மீ ஆகும். இதில் பயணம் செய்வது மிகவும் சீராக இருக்கும், மேலும் பயணத்திற்கு 3 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். இது சுங்கக் கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படும் நெடுஞ்சாலையாகும். '''கான்பூரிலிருந்து''': தேசிய நெடுஞ்சாலை 19 (NH 19) கான்பூர் வரை (285 கி.மீ, 5 மணிநேரப் பயணம்) நீள்கிறது; அங்கிருந்து கிழக்கு நோக்கிச் சென்று கொல்கத்தாவில் முடிவடைகிறது. '''குவாலியரிலிருந்து''': சுமார் 120 கி.மீ தொலைவு; ஆக்ரா-மும்பை நெடுஞ்சாலை வழியாகச் சென்றால் சுமார் 1.5 மணி நேரம் ஆகும். '''மிதிவண்டி மூலம்''' ஆக்ராவும் எட்டாவாவும் 207 கி.மீ (129 மைல்) நீளமுள்ள மிதிவண்டிப் பாதையால் இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == பணியாற்றுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == [[Category:Wy/ta]] 51cywzpgul9exebeyky95qisjtttlqz 7386670 7386640 2026-11-10T07:57:11Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 /* சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் */ 7386670 wikitext text/x-wiki ஆக்ரா ஒரு மிகப்பெரிய நகரம்; இதில் பல மாவட்டங்கள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகள் உள்ளன, அவற்றில் குறிப்பிட்ட இடங்கள், உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் தங்குமிடங்கள் பற்றிய தகவல்கள் இடம்பெற்றுள்ளன. தில்லியிலிருந்து சுமார் 200 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ள ஆக்ரா (இந்தி: आगरा, உருது: آگرہ) நகரில், யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னங்களான தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டை ஆகிய இரண்டு இடங்கள் உள்ளன. முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக ஆக்ரா திகழ்ந்த பொற்காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பல கட்டிடங்களும் கல்லறைகளும் இங்கு காணப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், இந்நகருக்கு அருகிலேயே கைவிடப்பட்ட நகரமான ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரியும் உள்ளது; இதுவும் ஒரு உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னமாகும். இந்த மூன்று உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னங்களைத் தவிர, ஆக்ரா நகரில் குறிப்பிடும்படியான சிறப்பம்சங்கள் வேறொன்றும் இல்லை. டெல்லியைப் போலவே, ஆக்ராவிலும் காற்று மாசுபாடு, புகைமூட்டம் மற்றும் குப்பைகள் எனப் பிரச்சினைகள் மலிந்து காணப்படுகின்றன. தாஜ்மகாலின் உட்பகுதியைத் தவிர, மற்ற அனைத்துச் சின்னங்களிலும் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இடைத்தரகர்கள் மற்றும் தெருவோர வியாபாரிகளின் தொல்லைக்கு ஆளாக நேரிடுகிறது; தாஜ்மகாலுக்குள் நுழைந்துவிட்டால், இத்தகைய தொல்லைகளிலிருந்து விடுபட்டு நிம்மதியாக இருக்கலாம். இங்குள்ள இடங்கள் உலகின் மிகச்சிறந்த அதிசயங்களில் சிலவாகும்; தாஜ்மகாலைப் பார்க்காமல் இந்தியப் பயணம் முழுமையடையாது. பெரும்பாலான சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைப் பொறுத்தவரை, ஆக்ராவில் ஒரு நாள் தங்குவதே போதுமானதாகும். == மாவட்டங்கள் == * தாஜ் மஹால் * நகரம் மற்றும் கோட்டை * வடக்கு ஆக்ரா == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == 1526 முதல் 1658 வரை முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக இருந்த காலமே ஆக்ராவின் பொற்காலமாகக் கருதப்பட்டாலும், இந்த நகரம் மிக முன்னதாகவே நிறுவப்பட்டது. இந்நகரின் பெயர் உருவான விதம் குறித்து பல விவாதங்கள் உள்ளன. மிகவும் பரவலாக ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட்ட கருத்தின்படி, இப்பெயர் இந்தி-உருது மொழியில் 'உப்புப் பாத்தி' (salt pan) என்று பொருள்படும் 'அகர்' (agar) என்ற சொல்லிலிருந்து வந்திருக்கலாம்; இப்பகுதியின் மண் உவர்ப்புத்தன்மை கொண்டதாக இருந்ததால், ஒரு காலத்தில் இங்கு நீரை ஆவியாக்கி உப்பு தயாரிக்கப்பட்டது. மற்ற சிலர், மகாபாரதம் எனும் பழங்கால இதிகாசத்திலிருந்து இப்பெயர் வந்ததாகக் கருதுகின்றனர். இதன்படி, இது சமஸ்கிருதச் சொல்லான 'அக்ரவன' (agravana) என்பதிலிருந்து உருவானது; இதற்கு 'சோலை வனம்' (grove forest) என்று பொருள். இது, கிருஷ்ணர் பிருந்தாவனத்தின் கோபிகளுடன் விளையாடிய பல சிறு காடுகளில் முதன்மையானதைக் குறிப்பதாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. முகலாயர் காலத்தில், ஆக்ரா 'அக்பராபாத்' என்றும் அழைக்கப்பட்டது; பேரரசர் ஷாஜகான் தனது தாத்தாவான அக்பரை கௌரவிக்கும் விதமாகவே இப்பெயரைச் சூட்டினார். === வரலாறு === ஆக்ராவின் பதிவுசெய்யப்பட்ட வரலாறு சுமார் 11-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் தொடங்குகிறது; அதனைத் தொடர்ந்து வந்த 500 ஆண்டுகளில், இந்த நகரம் இந்து மற்றும் முஸ்லிம் எனப் பல்வேறு மன்னர்களின் கைமாறி வந்தது. 1506-ஆம் ஆண்டில், தில்லி சுல்தானகத்தின் ஆட்சியாளரான சுல்தான் சிக்கந்தர் லோடி, தனது தலைநகரை தில்லியிலிருந்து ஆக்ராவிற்கு மாற்றினார். அவரது மகன் இப்ராகிம் லோடி, லோடி வம்சத்தின் கடைசி ஆட்சியாளராக இருந்தார்; அவர் 1526-ஆம் ஆண்டில் நடைபெற்ற பானிபட் போரில், முகலாய வம்சத்தின் முதல் ஆட்சியாளரான பாபரால் தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்டார். ஆக்ராவும் வீழ்ந்து, முகலாயர்களின் தலைநகராக மாறியது. 1540 முதல் 1556 வரையிலான ஒரு குறுகிய காலத்தைத் தவிர, ஆக்ராவின் மீது முகலாயர்களின் ஆட்சி தடையின்றி நீடித்தது. 1540-இல், ஷேர் ஷா சூரி, ஹுமாயூனைத் தோற்கடித்து, ஆக்ரா உள்ளிட்ட வட இந்தியாவின் பெரும்பகுதிகளுக்கு ஆட்சியாளரானார். ஷேர் ஷா சூரியின் மறைவுக்குப் பிறகு, அவரது வாரிசுகளால் பேரரசைச் சரியாக நிர்வகிக்க முடியவில்லை. அப்போது, ​​சூரியின் படையில் தளபதியாக இருந்த ஹேமு, உண்மையான ஆட்சியாளராக உருவெடுத்தார். மீண்டும் வலிமை பெற்ற முகலாயர்கள் படையெடுத்து வந்த வேளையில், அவர் தன்னை 'மன்னர் ஹேமச்சந்திர விக்ரமாதித்யன்' என்று முடிசூட்டிக்கொண்டார். 1556-இல் நடைபெற்ற இரண்டாம் பானிபட் போரில், ஹேமு தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்டு கொல்லப்பட்டார்; அதன் விளைவாக, முகலாயர்கள் மீண்டும் ஆக்ராவைக் கைப்பற்றினர். முகலாயர்கள் சிறந்த கட்டுமானக் கலைஞர்களாகத் திகழ்ந்தனர். பாபர், சொர்க்கத்தின் தோட்டத்தை முன்மாதிரியாகக் கொண்டு 'ஆரம் பாக்' (ஓய்வுக்கான தோட்டம்) எனும் தோட்டத்தை உருவாக்கினார்; அவரது மறைவுக்குப் பிறகு, அவர் அங்கேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார். அவரது பேரனான அக்பர், ஆக்ரா கோட்டையைப் புதுப்பித்ததுடன், ஆக்ராவின் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியில் ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரி எனும் முழு நகரத்தையே கட்டமைத்தார். அக்பரின் பேரனான ஷாஜகான், ஆக்ராவிற்கு அதன் மிகப்புகழ்பெற்ற சின்னமான தாஜ்மஹாலைப் பரிசளித்தார்; இது அவரது அன்பிற்குரிய மனைவி மும்தாஜ் மஹாலுக்கான நினைவிடமாகும். வெண்ணிறச் சலவைக்கற்களால் உருவாக்கப்பட்ட தாஜ்மஹால், கட்டி முடிக்கப்படுவதற்கு 20 ஆண்டுகள் ஆனது. இன்று இது உலகெங்கும் காதலின் சின்னமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. ஷாஜகான், தாஜ்மஹாலைப் போலவே கருப்புச் சலவைக்கற்களால் மற்றொரு நினைவுச் சின்னத்தை உருவாக்கி, அதில் தான் அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட விரும்பியதாக ஒரு கதையுண்டு. இதற்கு எந்த வரலாற்றுச் சான்றும் இல்லை; ஒருவேளை அது உண்மையாக இருந்திருந்தாலும், அத்தகைய திட்டத்தைச் செயல்படுத்துவது சாத்தியமற்றதாகவே இருந்திருக்கும். ஷாஜகானின் மகனான ஔரங்கசீப், மிகவும் எளிமையான மற்றும் இறைப்பற்றுள்ள மனிதராக இருந்தார். அவருக்குத் தனது முன்னோர்களைப் போல ஆடம்பரமான கட்டுமானங்களில் ஈடுபாடு இருக்கவில்லை; மாறாக, அவர் தனது செல்வத்தை தென்னிந்தியாவில் போர்களை நடத்துவதற்காகவே செலவிட்டார். உண்மையில், முகலாயப் பேரரசு அதன் உச்சத்திலிருந்த ஷாஜகானின் ஆட்சிக் காலத்திலேயே, தாஜ்மஹால் கட்டுமானமானது பேரரசின் வளங்களுக்குப் பெரும் சுமையாகவும், ஆக்ராவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளில் ஒரு சிறிய அளவிலான பஞ்சத்திற்கு வழிவகுப்பதாகவும் அமைந்தது. இறுதியில், ஷாஜகானும் அந்த வெண்ணிற தாஜ்மகாலிலேயே, தனது அன்பிற்குரிய பேகத்திற்கு அருகிலேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார். ஆக்ராவுக்கு அதன் மிகச்சிறந்த புகழைத் தேடித்தந்த ஷாஜகான், அதே சமயம் அதன் வீழ்ச்சிக்கும் காரணமானார்; ஏனெனில், 1658-ஆம் ஆண்டில் அவர் தனது தலைநகரை ஷாஜகானாபாத்திற்கு மாற்ற முடிவு செய்தார். ஔரங்கசீப் மீண்டும் தலைநகரை ஆக்ராவுக்கு மாற்ற உத்தரவிட்டாலும், அது நீண்ட காலம் நீடிக்கவில்லை; அவர் தனது போர்களில் கவனம் செலுத்துவதற்காக, தனது தலைமையகத்தை தெற்கே இருந்த ஔரங்காபாத்திற்கு (தற்போதைய சத்ரபதி சாம்பாஜிநகர்) மாற்றினார். இதனால் ஆக்ரா வீழ்ச்சியடைந்தது, அதனுடன் முகலாயப் பேரரசும் வீழ்ச்சியைச் சந்தித்தது. காலப்போக்கில், மராட்டியர்கள் இந்த நகரத்தைக் கைப்பற்றினர். 1803-இல், இந்நகரம் ஆங்கிலேயர்களின் கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்குள் வந்தது; அவர்கள் இங்கு 'ஆக்ரா பிரசிடென்சி'யை (Agra Presidency) நிறுவினர். இந்தியா சுதந்திரம் அடைந்த பிறகு, இந்நகரம் உத்தரப் பிரதேச மாநிலத்துடன் இணைக்கப்பட்டது. ஆனால், மாநிலத்தின் தலைநகராகும் வாய்ப்பு கூட இதற்கு கிடைக்கவில்லை; அந்த அந்தஸ்து, கிழக்கே அமைந்திருந்த லக்னோவுக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டது. தற்போது இது தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் பிற சில நினைவுச்சின்னங்களுக்காக அறியப்படும் ஒரு சுற்றுலா நகரமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. ==== வானிலை ==== இங்குள்ள காலநிலை தில்லியின் காலநிலையை ஒத்திருந்தாலும், முற்றிலும் ஒன்றல்ல. தில்லியைப் போலவே, ஆக்ராவிலும் குளிர்காலத்தில் அடர்ந்த மூடுபனி ஏற்படுவது வழக்கம்; இது பார்வைத்திறனை கிட்டத்தட்ட பூஜ்ஜியத்திற்குச் சுருக்கிவிடுகிறது. மறுபுறம், வசந்த காலத்தின் பிற்பகுதியிலும் கோடைகாலத்தின் தொடக்கத்திலும் இந்நகரம் சுட்டெரிக்கும் வெப்பத்தைக் கொண்டிருக்கும். ====== வருகையாளர் தகவல் ====== அதிகாரப்பூர்வ இணையதளங்கள்: * ஆக்ரா மாவட்டம் (Agra District)* [https://agra.nic.in/ Agra District] * ஆக்ரா மாநகராட்சி(Agra Municipal Corporation)* [https://nagarnigamagra.com/ Agra Municipal Corporation] == பேச்சுச் மொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == ஆக்ரா, தில்லியிலிருந்து தென்கிழக்கே 200 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது தில்லி, ஆக்ரா மற்றும் செய்ப்பூர் ஆகிய நகரங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளின் 'கோல்டன் ட்ரையாங்கிள்' (Golden Triangle) பாதையில் ஒரு முக்கிய இடமாகும். மேலும், ஆக்ரா மற்ற அருகிலுள்ள நகரங்கள் மற்றும் சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களுடன் ரயில் மற்றும் சாலை வழியாகச் சிறப்பாக இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளதால், தில்லியிலிருந்து ஒரு நாள் பயணமாகச் செல்வதற்கோ அல்லது நீண்ட பயணத் திட்டத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியாகச் சேர்ப்பதற்கோ இது மிகவும் ஏற்ற இடமாகும். === வானூர்தியில் === ஆக்ரா விமான நிலையம் (IATA குறியீடு: AGR). இது ஒரு சிறிய உள்நாட்டு விமான நிலையமாகும்; பெங்களூரு, ஹைதராபாத் மற்றும் நவி மும்பையிலிருந்து இங்கு நேரடி விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) புது தில்லி (DEL IATA, HDO IATA மற்றும் DXN IATA) என்பது அருகிலுள்ள மிக முக்கியமான மையமாகும்; இங்கிருந்து பல இடங்களுக்கு நேரடி விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. === தொடருந்தில் === ஆக்ரா, தில்லி–மும்பை மற்றும் தில்லி–சென்னை ஆகிய வழித்தடங்களுக்கான முதன்மை தொடருந்து பாதையில் அமைந்துள்ளது; தினமும் பல தொடருந்துகள் ஆக்ராவை இந்த நகரங்களுடன் இணைக்கின்றன. புது தில்லியிலிருந்து கிழக்கு நோக்கிச் செல்லும் சில தொடருந்துகளும் ஆக்ரா வழியாகவே பயணிக்கின்றன; எனவே, கொல்கத்தா உள்ளிட்ட கிழக்கு இந்தியாவின் பல்வேறு இடங்களுக்கு இங்கிருந்து நேரடி தொடருந்து வசதிகள் உள்ளன. தினமும் தில்லிக்கு சுமார் 20 தொடருந்துகளும், மும்பை மற்றும் சென்னைக்கு தலா மூன்று அல்லது நான்கு தொடருந்துகளும் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. டிசம்பர் மாத இறுதியில் மற்றும் ஜனவரி மாதத் தொடக்கத்தில் (மூடுபனி நிலவும் காலம்), பார்வைத்திறன் குறைவதால் அனைத்து ரயில்களும் மெதுவாகச் செல்கின்றன; இதனால் பயண நேரம் அதிகரிக்கிறது. உதாரணமாக, புது தில்லி – ராணி கமலாபதி சதாப்தி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் தொடருந்து ஆக்ராவை காலை 10 மணிக்கு மேல் வந்தடையலாம், மேலும் புது தில்லிக்குத் திரும்பும்போது நள்ளிரவைத் தாண்டிவிடக்கூடும். பாதுகாப்பு அம்சத்தைக் கருத்தில் கொண்டால், குளிர்காலத்தில் தொடருந்தில் பயணம் செய்வது எப்போதும் சிறந்தது. நீங்கள் ஒரே நாளில் சென்று திரும்பும் வகையில் (அதாவது அதிகாலையில் புறப்பட்டு, இரவு நியாயமான நேரத்திற்குள் திரும்பும் வகையில்) பயணம் செய்ய விரும்பினால், மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் அதிகம் உள்ள காலங்களில் சில நாட்களுக்கு அல்லது சில வாரங்களுக்கு முன்பே உங்கள் பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டும். இந்திய தொடருந்து இணையதளம் மூலம் பற்று அல்லது கடன் அட்டைகள் வழியாகப் பணம் செலுத்தி தொடருந்து பயணச்சீட்டுகளை இணையத்தில் முன்பதிவு செய்யலாம், இருப்பினும் வெளிநாட்டு வங்கிகளால் வழங்கப்பட்ட அட்டைகள் பெரும்பாலும் நிராகரிக்கப்படுகின்றன. இணையத்தில் பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்வது குறித்த மேலும் தகவல்களுக்கு, 'இந்தியாவில் ரயில் பயணம் (Rail travel in India)' என்ற கட்டுரையைப் பார்க்கவும். ஆக்ராவில் பல தொடருந்து நிலையங்கள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட், ஆக்ரா ஃபோர்ட் மற்றும் இத்கா நிலையங்களைப் பற்றி மட்டும் கவனம் செலுத்தினால் போதும், ஏனெனில் கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்து பிரதான வழித்தட தொடருந்துகளும் இங்கு வந்து செல்கின்றன. '''1 ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் (Agra Cantonment - குறியீடு: AGC)''' என்பது ஒரு முக்கிய தொடருந்து நிலையமாகும். இது தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கு தென்மேற்கே அமைந்துள்ளது; இங்கிருந்து கார் அல்லது ரிக்‌ஷா மூலம் இந்த இடங்களுக்கு எளிதில் சென்றுவிடலாம். நடை மேடை 1-ல் உள்ள ஏதேனும் ஒரு வாயில் வழியாக வெளியே வந்தால், அங்கு தானியங்கி (ஆட்டோ) நிறுத்தத்தைக் காணலாம். நிலையத்திலிருந்து சற்று தூரம் நடந்தால் தானி-இழுவண்டிகள் பிடித்துக்கொள்ளலாம், ஆனால் ஓட்டுநர்களுக்கு ஆங்கிலம் தெரியாமல் இருக்கலாம். நிலையத்திற்கு வெளியிலேயே முன்பணம் செலுத்தும் முறை ('ப்ரீபெய்ட்') வாடகையுந்து நிலையம் உள்ளது; அங்கிருந்து நகரத்திலுள்ள எந்த தங்கும் விடுதிக்கும் நிலையான கட்டணத்தில் செல்லலாம். தொடருந்து நிலையத்தில் ஒரு உணவு வளாகம் (food court) உள்ளது; அங்கு சாண்ட்விச் மற்றும் சமோசா போன்ற மலிவான, சுகாதாரமான சிற்றுண்டிகளை வாங்கிக்கொள்ளலாம். அங்கிருந்து தொடர்ந்து சென்று சாலையைக் கடந்தால், பேருந்து முனையத்தைக் காணலாம்; அங்கிருந்து தாஜ் மஹால் செல்வதற்குப் பேருந்துகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. இருப்பினும், பேருந்து சேவை அவ்வளவு நம்பகமானதாக இருக்காது என்பதையும், பேருந்துகளின் எண்ணிக்கை குறைவாக இருக்கலாம் என்பதையும் கவனத்தில் கொள்ளவும். மேலும், உத்தரப் பிரதேச சுற்றுலா வளர்ச்சிக் கழகம் (UPTDC) நடத்தும் குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட சொகுசு பேருந்துகளில் அரசு சுற்றுலாத் திட்டங்களையும் நீங்கள் முன்பதிவு செய்து கொள்ளலாம். (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''ஆக்ரா கோட்டை (Agra Fort)''' தொடருந்து நிலையம் (குறியீடு: AF) (ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ளது; அருகிலுள்ள மெட்ரோ நிலையம்: மன்கமேஷ்வர் - மஞ்சள் வழித்தடம்). இங்கு மாநிலங்களுக்கு இடையேயான விரைவு தொடருந்துகள் அவ்வப்போது மட்டுமே நின்று செல்கின்றன. இந்த நிலையத்திலிருந்து கிழக்கு நோக்கி (கான்பூர், கோரக்பூர், ஹவுரா) செல்லும் தொடருந்துளும், மேற்கு நோக்கி செய்ப்பூர் செல்லும் தொடருந்துகளும் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன; இவற்றில் சில தொடருந்துகள் ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் (Agra Cantt) நிலையத்திலும் நின்று செல்கின்றன. இது ஆக்ராவின் வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க தொடருந்து நிலையங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். ஒரு காலத்தில், ஜமா மஸ்ஜிதிற்கும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டையின் [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]] நுழைவாயிலிற்கும் இடையில் 'திரிபோலியா சௌக்' (Tripolia Chowk) எனும் விசாலமான, எண்கோண வடிவிலான பகுதி இருந்தது. இந்த தொடருந்து நிலையத்தை உருவாக்குவதற்காக அந்த திரிபோலியா பகுதி அழிக்கப்பட்டது. இதுவே ஆக்ராவின் முதல் தொடருந்து நிலையமாகவும், நாட்டின் மிகப்பழமையான தொடருந்து நிலையங்களில் ஒன்றாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''இட்கா என்சிஆர்(Idgah  NCR)''' (குறியீடு: IDH). ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கு ஒரு மாற்று. '''ராஜா கி மண்டி(Raja ki Mandi  NCR)''' (குறியீடு: RKM) - இது நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு சிறிய தொடருந்து நிலையமாகும். ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் (Agra Cantt) நிலையத்திற்குச் செல்லும் சில தொடருந்துகள் இங்கேயும் நின்று செல்கின்றன. பொதுவாக அமைதியான சூழலைக் கொண்ட இந்த நிலையம், இன்டர்சிட்டி (Intercity) தொடருந்துகள் மற்றும் தாஜ் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் (Taj Express) தொடருந்துகள் வருகையின்போது மிகுந்த பரபரப்புடன் காணப்படுகிறது. (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''ஆக்ரா சிட்டி (Agra City)''' - என்.சி.ஆர் (NCR) (குறியீடு: AGA). மீட்டர் கேஜ் (metre gauge) காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த இந்த நிலையம், பெயரளவில் நகரின் முதன்மை நிலையம்போலத் தோன்றினாலும், நடைமுறையில் பெரிய பயன் ஏதுமற்ற ஒன்றாகும். (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''சேவைகள்''' [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]]யிலிருந்து ஆக்ராவுக்கு — தினமும் சுமார் 20 தொடருந்துகள் [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]]யையும் ஆக்ராவையும் இணைக்கின்றன; பயண நேரம் 2 முதல் 5 மணிநேரம் வரை மாறுபடும். இதில் சிறந்த விருப்பங்களாக, 'புது தில்லி – ராணி கமலாபதி வந்தே பாரத் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்' (மிக வேகமானது), 'புது தில்லி – ராணி கமலாபதி சதாப்தி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்' இது தினமும் - வெள்ளிக்கிழமை தவிர - காலை 6:15 மணிக்கு புது தில்லியிலிருந்து புறப்பட்டு காலை 8:12 மணிக்கு ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்தை அடைகிறது; மறுமார்க்கமாக, ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்திலிருந்து இரவு 8:30 மணிக்கு புறப்பட்டு இரவு 10:30 மணிக்கு புது தில்லியை வந்தடைகிறது; குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட பெட்டிகளில் உணவு மற்றும் குடிநீர் வசதி உண்டு மற்றும் 'தாஜ் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்' இது தினமும் ஹசரத் நிஜாமுதீன் நிலையத்திலிருந்து காலை 7:15 மணிக்கு புறப்பட்டு காலை 10:07 மணிக்கு ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்தை அடைகிறது; மறுமார்க்கமாக, ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்திலிருந்து மாலை 6:55 மணிக்கு புறப்பட்டு இரவு 10 மணிக்கு ஹசரத் நிஜாமுதீன் நிலையத்தை வந்தடைகிறது. ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து செய்ப்பூருக்கு - செய்ப்பூர் (நிலையக் குறியீடு: JP) செல்லும் பயணம், 2988 எண் கொண்ட தொடருந்தில் சுமார் 4 மணிநேரம் ஆகிறது. இந்த தொடருந்து ஆக்ரா கோட்டையிலிருந்து (Agra Fort) மாலை 6:25 மணிக்குக் கிளம்பி, இரவு 10:20 மணியளவில் செய்ப்பூரைச் சென்றடைகிறது. மேலும், ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட்டிலிருந்து செய்ப்பூருக்கு மாலை 5:40 மணிக்கு தொடருந்து எண் 2965 புறப்படுகிறது. இந்த தொடருந்து இரவு 10:15 மணிக்குச் சென்றடையும். குளிர்சாதன வசதி கொண்ட பெட்டியில் பயணிக்கக் கட்டணம் ₹300. ராஜஸ்தான் மற்றும் ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களுக்கு மேற்கொள்ளப்படும் 8 நாள் சுற்றுப்பயணத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியாக, 'பேலஸ் ஆன் வீல்ஸ்' (Palace on Wheels) எனும் சொகுசு தொடருந்து ஆக்ராவில் நின்று செல்கிறது. ==== பேருந்தில் ==== செய்ப்பூர், தில்லி, அஜ்மீர், லக்னோ போன்ற இடங்களிலிருந்து ஆக்ராவிற்குப் பல பேருந்துகள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. தில்லிக்கும் ஆக்ராவுக்கும் இடையிலான நெடுஞ்சாலைகளில் சுங்கவரிகள் இருப்பதால் பெரும்பாலான பேருந்துகள் அதை எடுத்துக்கொள்வதில்லை. மாறாக, அவர்கள் உள்ளூர் சாலைகளை எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறார்கள், இது எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் ரயில்களை விட (4-5 மணிநேரம்) பயணத்தை அதிக நீளமாக்குகிறது. சிறிய சாலைகள் மூலம் ஆக்ராவிற்கு பேருந்து மற்றும் சிற்றுந்து மூலம் செல்லலாம், இருப்பினும் ஆக்ராவிற்கு செல்லும் பேருந்துகள் எங்கிருந்து புறப்படும் என்று நீங்கள் கேட்க வேண்டும், முன்னுரிமை உள்ள ஒரு நம்பகமான உள்ளூர் அல்லது உங்கள் தங்கும் விடுதி உள்ள ஊழியர்களிடம் கேட்க வேண்டும். இந்திய பேருந்து நிலையங்கள், பெரும்பாலான நேரங்களில்,மேம்பாலங்களுக்கு அடியில் அமைந்துள்ள பரந்த நடைபாதை பகுதிகள் மிகவும் நெரிசலாக இருக்கும்; அங்கு எந்தப் பேருந்து எங்கு செல்லும் என்பது குறித்த எந்தத் தகவலும் இருக்காது. அல்லது, தனியார் பேருந்து நிறுவனங்களின் நிலையங்கள் உள்ளன; இவை அதிக கட்டணத்தில் கூடுதல் வசதியுடன் கூடிய பயணத்தை வழங்குகின்றன. சாகச உணர்வு கொண்டவர்களுக்கு இந்த விருப்பம் ஏற்றது; ஏனெனில், பேருந்து திடீரென பழுதடைவது, உள்ளூர் போராட்டங்கள் அல்லது பிற கூட்டங்கள் காரணமாக சாலை மூடப்படுவது போன்ற காரணங்களால் உங்கள் பயணம் பாதியிலேயே தடைபட வாய்ப்புள்ளது. ஆக்ரா செல்வதற்கு இதுவே மிக மலிவான வழி என்பதைக் கவனத்தில் கொள்க; சாதாரண பேருந்துகளுக்கு ₹60-க்கு மிகாமலும், சற்று வசதியான பேருந்துகளுக்கு ₹200-க்கு மிகாமலும் மட்டுமே கட்டணம் இருக்கும். நீங்கள் அரசு நடத்தும் பேருந்துகளில் பயணம் செய்ய விரும்பினால், உங்களை அந்த இடத்திற்கே அழைத்துச் செல்லுமாறு உங்கள் இழுவண்டி ஓட்டுநரிடம் கண்டிப்பாகக் கூற வேண்டும். நீங்கள் வெறுமனே "தில்லிக்குச் செல்லும் பேருந்துகள்" என்று மட்டும் கேட்டால், அவர்கள் உங்களை ஏதோ ஒரு தனியார் பேருந்து நிறுவனத்திடம் அழைத்துச் செல்லக்கூடும்; ஏனெனில், அவ்வாறு அழைத்துச் செல்வதன் மூலம் அவர்களுக்கு ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட கமிஷன் கிடைக்கிறது. இது உங்களுக்குச் சற்று கூடுதல் செலவை ஏற்படுத்தும். மேலும், இத்தகைய தனியார் பேருந்துகள் குறிப்பிட்ட வழித்தடத்தில் நேராகச் செல்லாமல், இடையிடையே பல இடங்களில் நின்று பயணிகளை ஏற்றி இறக்கும் என்பதால், உங்கள் பயணம் சிரமமானதாக அமையலாம். '''நிலையங்கள்''' மாநிலங்களுக்கு இடையேயான பேருந்து நிலையங்கள் இரண்டு உள்ளன: '''இட்கா பேருந்து நிலையம் (Idgah Bus Stand)'''. ராஜஸ்தான்/மத்தியப் பிரதேசம் நோக்கிச் செல்வதற்கான முதன்மையான பேருந்து நிலையம்; இது நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில், தாஜ் மஹாலிலிருந்து 8 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. (மார்ச் 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''ஐஎஸ்பிடி (ISBT)''', டிரான்ஸ்போர்ட் நகர் (தாஜ் மஹாலிலிருந்து 12 கி.மீ தொலைவில்). இத்கா பேருந்து நிலையத்திலிருந்து ராஜஸ்தான் நோக்கிச் செல்லும் பேருந்துகளைத் தவிர, மற்ற பெரும்பாலான பேருந்துகள் இவ்வழியாகவே செல்கின்றன. (ஆகஸ்ட் 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) ==== '''வாடகையுந்து மூலம்''' ==== நீங்கள் தங்கும் விடுதியில் இருந்தோ அல்லது தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு வெளியே இருந்தோ வாடகையுந்தை முன்பதிவு செய்யலாம். பொதுவாக, அங்கு அரசு அங்கீகாரம் பெற்ற வாடகையுந்து நிறுத்துமிடம் ஒன்று இருக்கும்; ஆனால், அதைக் கண்டறிவது கடினமாக இருக்கலாம். தொடருந்து நிலையத்தில் இருக்கும் உள்ளூர் நபர்கள் (அப்பாவி சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைத் தேடுபவர்கள்) அதைக் கண்டறிய உங்களுக்கு உதவ மாட்டார்கள். 8 மணி நேரத்திற்கு ₹1500 கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படும். தங்கும் விடுதிகள் தங்கள் சொந்தக் கட்டண முறையைக் கொண்டிருப்பதால், அவற்றின் வழியாக வாடகையுந்தை முன்பதிவு செய்வது அதிகச் செலவாகலாம். எனவே, ஓட்டுநரிடம் நேரடியாகப் பேசி விலை நிர்ணயிப்பது அல்லது இணையம் வாடகையுந்து தளம் மூலம் முன்பதிவு செய்வது சிறந்தது. ===== '''மகிழ்வுந்து மூலம்''' ===== '''தில்லியிலிருந்து''': யமுனா விரைவுச்சாலை (Yamuna Expressway) — கிரேட்டர் நொய்டாவிலிருந்து ஆக்ரா வரையிலான 210 கி.மீ தூரத்தை இணைக்கிறது. இந்த வழித்தடத்தில் பயணம் செய்ய வழக்கமாக 3.5 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். இந்த நெடுஞ்சாலையில் சுங்கக் கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படுகிறது. NH 44 — இந்த நெடுஞ்சாலையை அடைவதற்கான முதன்மை வழி தில்லியில் உள்ள மதுரா சாலை வழியாக அமைகிறது. இருப்பினும், தெற்கு தில்லி அல்லது இந்திரா காந்தி சர்வதேச விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து (IGI Airport) வருபவர்கள், அரவிந்தோ மார்க் (மெஹ்ராலி சாலை) வழியாக வந்து, துக்ளகாபாத் வழியாக NH 44-ஐ அடைவது எளிதாக இருக்கும். இந்த நெடுஞ்சாலை இரு திசைகளுக்கும் தனித்தனி பாதைகளைக் கொண்டிருந்தாலும், தவறான திசையில் வரும் லாரிகள், கார்கள் மற்றும் மாட்டு வண்டிகள் குறித்து மிகுந்த எச்சரிக்கையுடன் இருப்பது அவசியம். இரண்டு சூழல்களிலும், ஓட்டுநருடன் கூடிய காரை வாடகைக்கு எடுக்க முடியும் (தில்லி விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து அல்லது விமான நிலையத்திற்குச் செல்ல, ஐந்து பேர் பயணிக்கக்கூடிய பெரிய காருக்கு ₹3500 கட்டணமாகும்). சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு இணையம் மற்றும் இணையம் அல்லாத என இரண்டு முறைகளும் உள்ளன. ஆனால் கவனமாக இருங்கள்; ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து விமான நிலையத்திற்குச் சென்று விமானத்தைப் பிடிக்க வேண்டியிருந்தால், பயணத்திற்குத் தாராளமாக நேரம் ஒதுக்குங்கள். ஏனெனில், போக்குவரத்து நெரிசலால் பயண நேரம் கணிசமாக அதிகரிக்கக்கூடும். மேலும், உங்கள் ஓட்டுநரைப் பற்றி முன்கூட்டியே தெரிந்துகொள்வது நல்லது. சில சமயங்களில், அவர்கள் அந்தத் தூரத்தைக் கடக்க ஐந்து மணி நேரத்திற்கும் மேலாக எடுத்துக்கொள்ளலாம்; அத்தகைய சூழலில், ஒரு ஆட்டோவை விட வேகமாகச் செல்லுமாறு அவர்களை உங்களால் வற்புறுத்த முடியாது. '''செய்ப்பூரிலிருந்து''': நான்கு வழிப்பாதைகளைக் கொண்ட தேசிய நெடுஞ்சாலை 11, ஆக்ராவையும் செய்ப்பூரையும் இணைக்கிறது. இந்தப் பாதை பரத்பூர் (பறவைகள் சரணாலயம் அமைந்துள்ள நகரம்) மற்றும் ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரி வழியாகச் செல்கிறது. சுமார் 255 கி.மீ தொலைவைக் கடக்க ஏறக்குறைய 4 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். '''லக்னோவிலிருந்து''': ஆக்ரா-லக்னோ விரைவுச்சாலை, மாநிலத் தலைநகரான லக்னோவையும் ஆக்ராவையும் இணைக்கிறது; இதன் நீளம் 302 கி.மீ ஆகும். இதில் பயணம் செய்வது மிகவும் சீராக இருக்கும், மேலும் பயணத்திற்கு 3 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். இது சுங்கக் கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படும் நெடுஞ்சாலையாகும். '''கான்பூரிலிருந்து''': தேசிய நெடுஞ்சாலை 19 (NH 19) கான்பூர் வரை (285 கி.மீ, 5 மணிநேரப் பயணம்) நீள்கிறது; அங்கிருந்து கிழக்கு நோக்கிச் சென்று கொல்கத்தாவில் முடிவடைகிறது. '''குவாலியரிலிருந்து''': சுமார் 120 கி.மீ தொலைவு; ஆக்ரா-மும்பை நெடுஞ்சாலை வழியாகச் சென்றால் சுமார் 1.5 மணி நேரம் ஆகும். '''மிதிவண்டி மூலம்''' ஆக்ராவும் எட்டாவாவும் 207 கி.மீ (129 மைல்) நீளமுள்ள மிதிவண்டிப் பாதையால் இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == மெட்ரோ, மின்சாரப் பேருந்துகள், குதிரை வண்டிகள் மற்றும் மின்சார இழுவண்டிகள் எளிதில் கிடைக்கின்றன; தாஜ்மகாலுக்குச் செல்ல இவை சிறந்த வழிமுறைகளாகும். ஒட்டகங்களும் கிடைக்கின்றன. '''மெட்ரோ மூலம்''' ஆக்ரா மெட்ரோ (மஞ்சள் நிற வழித்தடம்) ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கும் தாஜ் மஹாலுக்கும் இடையே இயங்குகிறது. பயணச்சீட்டு விலை ₹30; தொடருந்துகள் காலை 6 மணி முதல் இரவு 10 மணி வரை இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. '''இழுவண்டிகள் (ரிக்‌ஷாவில்)''' ஆட்டோ ரிக்‌ஷாக்களும் சைக்கிள் ரிக்‌ஷாக்களும் எல்லா இடங்களிலும் கிடைக்கின்றன. கட்டணங்களை முன்கூட்டியே தெளிவாக பேசி முடிவு செய்துகொள்ளுங்கள். வெளிநாட்டினர் எல்லா இடங்களிலும் கடுமையாக பேரம் பேச வேண்டும். பொதுவாக, ஆரம்பத்தில் கூறப்பட்ட கட்டணத்தில் 40% தள்ளுபடியில் சேவைகள் கிடைக்கும். வழக்கமாக, ஒரு இ-ரிக்‌ஷாவிற்கான கட்டணம் ₹150-200 ஆகும், இதில் 4 பேர் வரை பயணிக்கலாம். ஒரு வழிகாட்டியாக, ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்திலிருந்து தாஜ்மஹாலை அடைய ஒரு ஆட்டோ ரிக்‌ஷாவிற்கு சுமார் ₹200 (குறைந்தபட்சம் சீசன் அல்லாத காலங்களில்), மற்றும் தாஜ்மஹாலையிலிருந்து ஆக்ரா கோட்டையை அடைய ஒரு சைக்கிள் ரிக்‌ஷாவிற்கு ₹40 ஆகும். '''பேருந்து மூலம்''' உத்தரப் பிரதேச மாநில சாலைப் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் (UPSRTC) குளிரூட்டப்படாத மற்றும் குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட சில பேருந்துகளை இயக்குகிறது. '''நடந்து''' இந்த நகரத்தை முழுமையாக அனுபவிக்க, மால் ரோட்டில் (சதர்) நடைப்பயணம் மேற்கொள்வதே சிறந்த வழியாகும். இந்த வீதி முழுவதும் கைவினைப் பொருட்கள் மற்றும் தோல் பொருட்களுக்கான கடைகள் நிறைந்துள்ளன. மேலும், இந்த நகரத்திற்கே உரித்தான தனித்துவமான உணவு வகைகளையும் இங்கே நீங்கள் காணலாம். தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கு இடையே சுமார் 30 நிமிடங்களில் நடந்து செல்ல முடியும். == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்.( ''Agra's district articles'' '')'' ஆக்ராவின் மிகச்சிறந்த இரண்டு இடங்கள் என்றால், அவை இணையற்ற '''தாஜ் மஹால்''' மற்றும் '''ஆக்ரா கோட்டைதான்'''. == செய்யுங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்(Agra's district articles). நினைவுச் சின்னங்களைப் பார்வையிடுவது மட்டுமன்றி, பழைய நகரப் பகுதியில் உள்ள உள்ளூர் சந்தைகளிலும் உலா வரலாம். நகரின் மிகப்பழமையான பகுதிகளில் ஒன்றில் நடைப்பயணம் மேற்கொள்வது ஒரு நல்ல அனுபவமாகும். == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == பணியாற்றுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்(Agra's district articles). ஆக்ராவில், நகைகள் முதல் தாஜ்மகாலில் உள்ளதைப் போன்ற பதிக்கப்பட்ட வேலைப்பாடுகளைக் கொண்ட சிறிய பெட்டிகள் மற்றும் தகடுகள் வரை, கல் பொருட்களை விற்கும் பல கடைகள் உள்ளன. இவற்றில் சிறந்தவை அற்புதமானவை, சாதாரணமானவை கூட மிகவும் அழகாக இருக்கின்றன. ஆக்ரா அதன் தோல் பொருட்களுக்கும் புகழ்பெற்றது. சில பொருட்களை வாங்கவும், மலிவான உணவை உண்ணவும் சதர் பஜாரில் சிறிது நேரம் செலவிடுவதைக் கருத்தில் கொள்ளுங்கள். இந்தச் சந்தைகளில், விலை உயர்ந்த மற்றும் ஓரளவு விலை உயர்ந்த, வெட்டி மெருகூட்டப்பட்ட ஆனால் பதிக்கப்படாத இரத்தினக் கற்களும், முடிக்கப்பட்ட நகைகளும் கிடைக்கின்றன. மேலும், நேர்த்தியான பூட்டிக்கள், உயர்தர தோல் பொருட்கள், கலாச்சார ரீதியாக வடிவமைக்கப்பட்ட ஆடைகள் மற்றும் பளிங்குச் சந்தைகளையும் நீங்கள் காணலாம். அதிக விலை கொடுத்து ஏமாற்றப்படுவதில் எச்சரிக்கையாக இருங்கள். யாரையும் உங்களை ஒரு கடைக்கு அழைத்துச் செல்ல அனுமதிக்காதீர்கள், ஏனெனில் அவர்களின் தரகுத் தொகையை (பொதுவாக 50%) ஈடுகட்டுவதற்காக விலை உயர்ந்துவிடும். இந்த நபர்கள் செய்யும் வாக்குறுதிகள் குறித்து மிகவும் எச்சரிக்கையாக இருங்கள். கடுமையாகப் பேரம் பேசுங்கள். அங்கிருந்து வெளியேறத் தயாராக இருங்கள்; நீங்கள் திரும்பி வந்த பிறகு, அதே பொருட்களை மற்றொரு கடையில் கிட்டத்தட்ட எப்போதும் பெற முடியும் அல்லது நீங்கள் சென்றபோது விரும்பிய பொருட்களை இணையம் மூலம் ஆர்டர் செய்ய முடியும். ஒரு விற்பனையை முடிப்பதற்காக, எல்லாவிதமான பொய்களையும் சொல்லும் (ஆரம்பத்தில் 1,000-10,000% வரை விலையை உயர்த்தி) அற்பத்தனமான மற்றும் பேராசை பிடித்த கடைக்காரர்களை நீங்கள் சந்திக்க நேரிடும். பல உள்ளூர் சந்தைகள் உள்ளன: சதர் பஜார் ஒரு நவீன சந்தை, ராஜா கி மண்டி சந்தை, அனைத்து அலுவலகங்களுக்குமான சஞ்சய் பிளேஸ், மின்னணுப் பொருட்களுக்கான ஷா மார்க்கெட். இந்தச் சந்தைகள் அனைத்தும் எம்.ஜி. சாலையில் அமைந்துள்ளன. ஆக்ரா கோட்டை தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு அருகில், துணிகளுக்கான ஹாஸ்பிடல் ரோடு மார்க்கெட் மற்றும் சுபாஷ் பஜார் அமைந்துள்ளன. ராவத்பாரா சந்தை மசாலாப் பொருட்களுக்கானது. இவை தவிர, எம்.ஜி. சாலையில் பல பிரபலமான நிறுவன கடைகளும் உள்ளன. எம். ஜி. சாலையில் உள்ள ராஜா மண்டிக்கு அருகில் இருக்கும் கோகுல் புரா சந்தையில், மொத்த விற்பனை விலையில் பல பளிங்குப் பொருட்கள் கிடைக்கின்றன. இங்கு ஆட்டோ ரிக்‌ஷா மூலம் எளிதாகச் செல்லலாம்; பெரும்பாலான பொருட்களின் விலை, சில்லறை விற்பனைச் சந்தையை விட சுமார் 25% குறைவாகவே இருக்கும். ஆபரணங்களை வாங்கும்போது கவனமாக இருங்கள்: பல கற்கள் போலியானவை, மேலும் அவற்றின் விலையோ ஒப்பீட்டளவில் அதிகம். == உண்ணுங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்(Agra's district articles). ஆக்ராவின் சிறப்பம்சங்களான 'பேத்தா' (மிகவும் இனிப்பான ஒரு வகை மிட்டாய்) மற்றும் 'தால் மோத்' (காரமான பருப்பு கலவை) ஆகிய இரண்டும், நினைவுப் பரிசுகளாகவும் மிகவும் பிரபலம். '''சாட் - சாட்''' பிரியர்களுக்கு ஆக்ரா ஒரு சொர்க்கம். சாட் பல வகைகளில் கிடைக்கலாம், ஆனால் அவை அனைத்திற்கும் பொதுவான ஒரு விஷயம் என்னவென்றால், அவை காரமானவை. மேலும், கிட்டத்தட்ட ஒவ்வொரு சாட் கடைக்கு வெளியேயும், குறிப்பாக மாம்பழங்களுக்காக (சிகந்திரா அருகில் உள்ள) டபுள் படக் போன்ற பிரபலமான இடங்களில், கூட்டத்தைக் காணலாம். சதர் மற்றும் பெலங்கஞ்சில் தரமான பல்லா மற்றும் பானிபூரி கிடைக்கும். நகரம் முழுவதும் நிறைந்திருக்கும் ஒவ்வொரு இனிப்புக் கடையிலும் சமோசா மற்றும் கச்சோரி கிடைக்கும். சில வழக்கமான சாட் வகைகள்: ஆலு டிக்கி (வேகவைத்த உருளைக்கிழங்கை வறுத்துச் செய்யப்படும் கலவை), பனீர் டிக்கா (மசாலாப் பொருட்களுடன் தந்தூரில் சுடப்பட்ட பன்னீர் துண்டுகள்), பானிபூரி அல்லது கோல்குப்பா (உருளைக்கிழங்கு கலவை மற்றும் காரமான இனிப்பு சாஸ்களின் கலவையுடன் நிரப்பப்பட்ட சிறிய வட்டமான உள்ளீடற்ற ஓடுகள்), மாம்பழங்கள், சமோசாக்கள், சச்சோரி போன்றவை. நீங்கள் ஒரு வழக்கமான ஆக்ரா காலை உணவைச் சுவைக்க விரும்பினால், அந்த காரமான பெராஹிகளில் ஒன்றைச் சாப்பிட்டு, இனிப்பான ஜிலேபிகளுடன் அதை நிறைவு செய்யுங்கள். '''இனிப்புகள்''' - இங்கு பல நல்ல இனிப்புக் கடைகள் உள்ளன. ஆக்ராவின் புகழ்பெற்ற பேத்தாவிற்கு சிறந்த கடைகள், ஆக்ரா கோட்டையிலிருந்து சிறிது தூரத்தில் உள்ள ஹரி பர்வத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளன. பாஞ்சிஸ், பீம்சைன் பைத்தியாநாத் மற்றும் தி பிராச்சீன் பேத்தா ஸ்டோர் ஆகியவை நன்கு அறியப்பட்ட கடைகளில் சிலவாகும். பல வகையான பேத்தாக்கள் கிடைக்கின்றன, ஆனால் உண்மையான சுவையை அனுபவிக்க, சாதாரண பேத்தாவையோ (வெள்ளை தந்த நிறம்) அல்லது அங்கூரி சுவையூட்டப்பட்ட பேத்தாவையோ (சர்க்கரைப் பாகில் ஊறவைக்கப்பட்ட செவ்வக மற்றும் மஞ்சள் நிறத் துண்டுகள்) சுவைத்துப் பாருங்கள். ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள மற்ற கடைகள்: பிகானெர்வாலா, தேவிராம், முன்னலால் பேத்தா, கோபால்தாஸ் மற்றும் கம்லா நகரில் உள்ள அஜந்தா ஸ்வீட்ஸ். இந்த நகரத்திற்கே உரித்தான ஒரு ஜோடி பானாவுடன் உங்கள் உணவை நிறைவு செய்யலாம். கொரிய உணவுகளும் ஏராளமாகக் கிடைக்கின்றன. == பருகுங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்(Agra's district articles). ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள தங்கும் விடுதிகளில் ஒரு பாட்டில் இந்திய பீர் சுமார் ₹70 முதல் ₹100 வரை விற்கப்படுகிறது. இருப்பினும், சில பெரிய தங்கும் விடுதிகள் மற்றும் உணவகங்களில் நடைபெறும் கலாச்சார நிகழ்ச்சிகளைத் தவிர, ஆக்ராவில் இரவு நேர வாழ்க்கை என்று சொல்லிக்கொள்ளும் அளவிற்கு எதுவுமில்லை. ஆக்ராவின் தெருக்களிலிருந்து விலகி உங்கள் தங்கும் விடுதிகுள் வந்து சேர்ந்த பிறகு, மீண்டும் வெளியே செல்ல நீங்கள் விரும்பமாட்டீர்கள். == உறங்குங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்(Agra's district articles). கடுமையான போட்டி நிலவுவதால், இந்தியாவின் மற்ற பல நகரங்களுடன் ஒப்பிடுகையில், ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள ஐந்து நட்சத்திர தங்கும் விடுதிகள் நல்ல விலைமதிப்பைக் (விலைக்கு ஏற்ற பலனை) கொண்டுள்ளன. == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == * தங்கும் விடுதி அறையில் பணத்தையோ அல்லது மதிப்புமிக்க பொருட்களையோ விட்டுச் செல்லாதீர்கள். தங்கும் விடுதி, உணவகம் மற்றும் ஓய்வறை ஆகியவற்றின் அனைத்துக் கட்டணப் பட்டியல்களையும் பிழைகள் உள்ளதா என மீண்டும் சரிபார்க்கவும். * வாடகையுந்து ஓட்டுநர்கள் உட்பட, யாருக்கும் எதற்கும் முன்பணமாகப் பணம் செலுத்தாதீர்கள். * திருடர்களிடம் (ஜேப்படி திருடன்-pickpockets) கவனமாக இருங்கள். * நீங்கள் எதையும் வாங்க முடிவு செய்தால், பெரும்பாலான பொருட்கள் அசல் பொருட்களின் மலிவான பிரதிகள் மற்றும் நீண்ட காலம் நீடிக்காது என்பதில் கவனமாக இருங்கள். பொம்மைகள் மிகவும் மோசமாக ஒன்றாக இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன, எனவே அவற்றை வாங்க வேண்டாம். * குளிர்காலத்தில், ஆக்ராவின் வானிலை கணிக்க முடியாதது மற்றும் வெப்பநிலை உறைபனியாக இருக்கும்; நன்கு தயாராக இருங்கள். * சில நேர்மையற்ற தரைவிரிப்பு விற்பனையாளர்கள், 'ஆசை காட்டி ஏமாற்றும்' பழமையான தந்திரத்தைப் பயன்படுத்துகின்றனர். நீங்கள் ஒரு பொருளை வாங்கினால், அதை நீங்களே வந்து எடுத்துச் செல்வதாக வற்புறுத்துவார்கள். இல்லையெனில், தபாலில் வந்து சேரும் பொருள் நீங்கள் எதிர்பார்த்தபடி இல்லாமல் போகலாம். 'கனு கார்பெட்ஸ்' என்ற பெயருடைய ஒரு தரைவிரிப்புக் கடை, இந்த விஷயத்தில் குறிப்பாகப் பெயர்போனது. சந்தேகத்திற்குரிய தோற்றமுடைய நிறுவனங்களிடமிருந்து விலகி இருப்பது புத்திசாலித்தனம். == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == ஆக்ராவில் ஆண்டு முழுவதும் காற்றின் தரம் மிதமான முதல் ஆரோக்கியமற்ற நிலை வரை காணப்படுகிறது. இதனால் ஏற்படும் புகைமூட்டம் அங்கு வசிக்கும் அனைவரின் ஆரோக்கியத்திற்கும் தீங்கு விளைவிக்கக்கூடுவதுடன், பார்வைத்திறன் குறைபாட்டினால் விமானச் சேவைகளிலும் அவ்வப்போது தாமதங்களை ஏற்படுத்துகிறது. பருவமழைக் காலங்களில் வீசும் காற்று மற்றும் அடிக்கடி பெய்யும் மழையினால் காற்றின் தரம் சிறப்பாக இருக்கும்; அதேசமயம் கோடை மற்றும் குளிர்காலங்களில், குறிப்பாக செப்டம்பர் முதல் நவம்பர் வரையிலான பயிர் எச்சங்களை எரிக்கும் பருவத்தில், காற்றின் தரம் மிகவும் மோசமடைகிறது. காற்றின் தரக் குறியீடு குறித்த தகவல்களைக் கவனித்து வாருங்கள். வெளியே செல்லும்போது முகக்கவசங்கள் (ஒருமுறை மட்டும் பயன்படுத்தக்கூடிய அறுவை சிகிச்சை முகக்கவசங்கள் போதுமானவை), மென்மையான காகித தாள்கள் மற்றும் கண் சொட்டு மருந்துகளை உடன் வைத்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள். == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == மின்னஞ்சல் அனுப்ப அல்லது மின் புகைப்படங்களைப் பதிவேற்ற பல இணையக் கஃபேக்கள் உள்ளன. சிஃபி ஐவே (Sify Iway), நகரின் பல்வேறு இடங்களில் இணைய (பிராட்பேண்ட் -broadband) இணைப்புகளை வழங்குகிறது. தாஜ் கஃபே (Taj Café) போன்ற பல மலிவு விலை உணவகங்கள், இலவச இணைய (வைஃபை Wi-Fi) வசதியை வழங்குகின்றன. == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == '''பரத்பூர்(Bharatpur)''' ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து சுமார் 56 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இங்கு புகழ்பெற்ற பறவைகள் சரணாலயம் உள்ளது; இதில் சைபீரியக் கொக்குகள் உட்பட ஆயிரக்கணக்கான அரிய வகை பறவைகளைக் காணலாம். பிரிட்டிஷாரின் பல தாக்குதல்களுக்கு மத்தியிலும், லோகாகர் கோட்டை யாராலும் வெல்ல முடியாத ஒன்றாகவே இருந்தது. பரத்பூரிலிருந்து 32 கி.மீ தொலைவில் டீக் அரண்மனை (Deeg Palace) அமைந்துள்ளது. வலிமைமிக்க மற்றும் பிரம்மாண்டமான இந்தக் கோட்டை, பரத்பூர் ஆட்சியாளர்களின் கோடைகால இல்லமாகத் திகழ்ந்தது; இங்கே பல அரண்மனைகளும் தோட்டங்களும் உள்ளன. '''ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரி(Fatehpur Sikri)''' பேய் நகரம், ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து சுமார் 40 கி.மீ. தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரிய தளமாகும். 16 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் பேரரசர் அக்பரால் கட்டப்பட்ட இந்த "வெற்றியின் நகரம்", ஒரு குறுகிய காலத்திற்கு முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக இருந்தது. பின்னர், உள்ளூர் நீர் விநியோகம் போதுமானதாக இல்லாததாலும், வடமேற்கில் பெருகிவரும் குழப்பத்தில் இருந்த ராஜபுதானா பகுதிகளுக்கு அருகாமையில் இருந்ததாலும் 1586 இல் கைவிடப்பட்டது. இது இந்தியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய மசூதிகளில் ஒன்றான ஜாமா மசூதியையும் உள்ளடக்கியுள்ளது. நன்கு பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட அரண்மனைகள் மற்றும் முற்றங்கள் நிறைந்துள்ள இவ்விடம்,ஆக்ராவுக்குச் செல்லும் எவரும் கண்டிப்பாகப் பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடம் இது. இந்த இடத்தைப் பற்றி முழுமையாக அறிந்துகொள்ள, ஒரு வழிகாட்டியை (இலவச நுழைவுப் பகுதிக்கு 2 மணி நேரத்திற்கு ₹450) அழைத்துக்கொள்வது அல்லது நல்ல வழிகாட்டி கையேடு ஒன்றை வைத்திருப்பது சிறந்தது. மசூதி பகுதிக்குள் (முற்றம் உட்பட) செல்லும்போது காலணிகளைக் கழற்றிவிட வேண்டும். வாகன நிறுத்துமிடம் சுமார் ஒரு கிலோமீட்டர் தொலைவில் உள்ளது; அங்கிருந்து ஆக்ரா மேம்பாட்டு ஆணையம் (ADA) சார்பில், வசதிகள் குறைவான, குளிரூட்டப்படாத பேருந்துகள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. ஒரு நபருக்கு ஒரு வழிப் பயணக் கட்டணம் ₹10 ஆகும். அரண்மனைகள் அமைந்துள்ள கோட்டைப் பகுதிக்குள் நுழைய வெளிநாட்டினருக்குக் கட்டணம் ₹610 ஆகும். [[Wy/ta/மதுரா|ம'''துரா''']]'''(Mathura),''' பகவான் கிருஷ்ணரின் பிறப்பிடமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. மதுராவில் பல அழகான கோயில்கள் உள்ளன; அவற்றில் ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணர் பிறந்த இடத்தில் கட்டப்பட்ட கோயிலும் அடங்கும். '''நந்தகாவ்ன்(Nandgaon)''', ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணரின் வளர்ப்புத் தந்தையான நந்தரின் இருப்பிடமாக இருந்தது. மலையின் உச்சியில் நந்த ராயின் பிரம்மாண்டமான கோயில் அமைந்துள்ளது; இதனை ஹாட் (Hat) வம்சத்தைச் சேர்ந்த ஆட்சியாளர் ரூப் சிங் கட்டினார். இங்கு நரசிங்கர், கோபிநாத், நிருத்ய கோபால், கிரிதாரி, நந்த நந்தன் ஆகியோருக்கு அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட பிற கோயில்களும் உள்ளன; யசோதா நந்தனுக்கான கோயில் மலையின் பாதியளவு உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் மார்ச் மாதவாக்கில், ஹோலி பண்டிகையின் போது நந்தகாவ்ன் மிகுந்த உற்சாகத்துடன் காணப்படுகிறது. அப்போது, ​​புகழ்பெற்ற "லத் மார் ஹோலி" (lath mar holi) நிகழ்வைக் காண்பதற்காக ஏராளமான சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இங்கு வந்து குவிகின்றனர். '''தேசிய சம்பல் சரணாலயம்(National Chambal Sanctuary)''' 70 கி.மீ. தொலைவில் ஒரு இயற்கை சரணாலயமாகும்; இது அழிந்து வரும் இனமான இந்தியக் காரியல் (முதலை இனத்தைச் சேர்ந்தது) மற்றும் கங்கை ஆற்று டால்பின் (இதுவும் அழிந்து வரும் இனமே) ஆகியவற்றின் வாழ்விடமாக உள்ளது. '''பிருந்தாவனம்(Vrindavan)''' என்பது ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து சுமார் 50 கி.மீ தொலைவிலும், [[Wy/ta/மதுரா|மதுரா]]வுக்கு மிக அருகிலும் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு புனிதத் தலமாகும். இங்கு பகவான் கிருஷ்ணருக்கு அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட பல கோயில்கள் உள்ளன; அவற்றில் பாங்கே பிஹாரி கோயில் மற்றும் இஸ்கான் கோயில் ஆகியவை மிகவும் புகழ்பெற்றவை. [[Category:Wy/ta]] oh1i883gzpo3w44z9narcgqqtt214z9 7386672 7386670 2026-11-10T08:04:07Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7386672 wikitext text/x-wiki ஆக்ரா ஒரு மிகப்பெரிய நகரம்; இதில் பல மாவட்டங்கள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகள் உள்ளன, அவற்றில் குறிப்பிட்ட இடங்கள், உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் தங்குமிடங்கள் பற்றிய தகவல்கள் இடம்பெற்றுள்ளன. தில்லியிலிருந்து சுமார் 200 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ள ஆக்ரா (இந்தி: आगरा, உருது: آگرہ) நகரில், யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னங்களான தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டை ஆகிய இரண்டு இடங்கள் உள்ளன. முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக ஆக்ரா திகழ்ந்த பொற்காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பல கட்டிடங்களும் கல்லறைகளும் இங்கு காணப்படுகின்றன. மேலும், இந்நகருக்கு அருகிலேயே கைவிடப்பட்ட நகரமான ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரியும் உள்ளது; இதுவும் ஒரு உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னமாகும். இந்த மூன்று உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னங்களைத் தவிர, ஆக்ரா நகரில் குறிப்பிடும்படியான சிறப்பம்சங்கள் வேறொன்றும் இல்லை. டெல்லியைப் போலவே, ஆக்ராவிலும் காற்று மாசுபாடு, புகைமூட்டம் மற்றும் குப்பைகள் எனப் பிரச்சினைகள் மலிந்து காணப்படுகின்றன. தாஜ்மகாலின் உட்பகுதியைத் தவிர, மற்ற அனைத்துச் சின்னங்களிலும் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இடைத்தரகர்கள் மற்றும் தெருவோர வியாபாரிகளின் தொல்லைக்கு ஆளாக நேரிடுகிறது; தாஜ்மகாலுக்குள் நுழைந்துவிட்டால், இத்தகைய தொல்லைகளிலிருந்து விடுபட்டு நிம்மதியாக இருக்கலாம். இங்குள்ள இடங்கள் உலகின் மிகச்சிறந்த அதிசயங்களில் சிலவாகும்; தாஜ்மகாலைப் பார்க்காமல் இந்தியப் பயணம் முழுமையடையாது. பெரும்பாலான சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைப் பொறுத்தவரை, ஆக்ராவில் ஒரு நாள் தங்குவதே போதுமானதாகும். == மாவட்டங்கள் == * தாஜ் மஹால் * நகரம் மற்றும் கோட்டை * [[File:Taj Mahal from Mehtab Bagh 3.jpg|thumb|யமுனை ஆற்றின் மறுபுறம் உள்ள மெஹ்தாப் பாக் பகுதியிலிருந்து காணப்படும் தாஜ் மஹால்.]]வடக்கு ஆக்ரா == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == 1526 முதல் 1658 வரை முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக இருந்த காலமே ஆக்ராவின் பொற்காலமாகக் கருதப்பட்டாலும், இந்த நகரம் மிக முன்னதாகவே நிறுவப்பட்டது. இந்நகரின் பெயர் உருவான விதம் குறித்து பல விவாதங்கள் உள்ளன. மிகவும் பரவலாக ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட்ட கருத்தின்படி, இப்பெயர் இந்தி-உருது மொழியில் 'உப்புப் பாத்தி' (salt pan) என்று பொருள்படும் 'அகர்' (agar) என்ற சொல்லிலிருந்து வந்திருக்கலாம்; இப்பகுதியின் மண் உவர்ப்புத்தன்மை கொண்டதாக இருந்ததால், ஒரு காலத்தில் இங்கு நீரை ஆவியாக்கி உப்பு தயாரிக்கப்பட்டது. மற்ற சிலர், மகாபாரதம் எனும் பழங்கால இதிகாசத்திலிருந்து இப்பெயர் வந்ததாகக் கருதுகின்றனர். இதன்படி, இது சமஸ்கிருதச் சொல்லான 'அக்ரவன' (agravana) என்பதிலிருந்து உருவானது; இதற்கு 'சோலை வனம்' (grove forest) என்று பொருள். இது, கிருஷ்ணர் பிருந்தாவனத்தின் கோபிகளுடன் விளையாடிய பல சிறு காடுகளில் முதன்மையானதைக் குறிப்பதாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. முகலாயர் காலத்தில், ஆக்ரா 'அக்பராபாத்' என்றும் அழைக்கப்பட்டது; பேரரசர் ஷாஜகான் தனது தாத்தாவான அக்பரை கௌரவிக்கும் விதமாகவே இப்பெயரைச் சூட்டினார். === வரலாறு === ஆக்ராவின் பதிவுசெய்யப்பட்ட வரலாறு சுமார் 11-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் தொடங்குகிறது; அதனைத் தொடர்ந்து வந்த 500 ஆண்டுகளில், இந்த நகரம் இந்து மற்றும் முஸ்லிம் எனப் பல்வேறு மன்னர்களின் கைமாறி வந்தது. 1506-ஆம் ஆண்டில், தில்லி சுல்தானகத்தின் ஆட்சியாளரான சுல்தான் சிக்கந்தர் லோடி, தனது தலைநகரை தில்லியிலிருந்து ஆக்ராவிற்கு மாற்றினார். அவரது மகன் இப்ராகிம் லோடி, லோடி வம்சத்தின் கடைசி ஆட்சியாளராக இருந்தார்; அவர் 1526-ஆம் ஆண்டில் நடைபெற்ற பானிபட் போரில், முகலாய வம்சத்தின் முதல் ஆட்சியாளரான பாபரால் தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்டார். ஆக்ராவும் வீழ்ந்து, முகலாயர்களின் தலைநகராக மாறியது. 1540 முதல் 1556 வரையிலான ஒரு குறுகிய காலத்தைத் தவிர, ஆக்ராவின் மீது முகலாயர்களின் ஆட்சி தடையின்றி நீடித்தது. 1540-இல், ஷேர் ஷா சூரி, ஹுமாயூனைத் தோற்கடித்து, ஆக்ரா உள்ளிட்ட வட இந்தியாவின் பெரும்பகுதிகளுக்கு ஆட்சியாளரானார். ஷேர் ஷா சூரியின் மறைவுக்குப் பிறகு, அவரது வாரிசுகளால் பேரரசைச் சரியாக நிர்வகிக்க முடியவில்லை. அப்போது, ​​சூரியின் படையில் தளபதியாக இருந்த ஹேமு, உண்மையான ஆட்சியாளராக உருவெடுத்தார். மீண்டும் வலிமை பெற்ற முகலாயர்கள் படையெடுத்து வந்த வேளையில், அவர் தன்னை 'மன்னர் ஹேமச்சந்திர விக்ரமாதித்யன்' என்று முடிசூட்டிக்கொண்டார். 1556-இல் நடைபெற்ற இரண்டாம் பானிபட் போரில், ஹேமு தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்டு கொல்லப்பட்டார்; அதன் விளைவாக, முகலாயர்கள் மீண்டும் ஆக்ராவைக் கைப்பற்றினர். முகலாயர்கள் சிறந்த கட்டுமானக் கலைஞர்களாகத் திகழ்ந்தனர். பாபர், சொர்க்கத்தின் தோட்டத்தை முன்மாதிரியாகக் கொண்டு 'ஆரம் பாக்' (ஓய்வுக்கான தோட்டம்) எனும் தோட்டத்தை உருவாக்கினார்; அவரது மறைவுக்குப் பிறகு, அவர் அங்கேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார். அவரது பேரனான அக்பர், ஆக்ரா கோட்டையைப் புதுப்பித்ததுடன், ஆக்ராவின் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியில் ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரி எனும் முழு நகரத்தையே கட்டமைத்தார். அக்பரின் பேரனான ஷாஜகான், ஆக்ராவிற்கு அதன் மிகப்புகழ்பெற்ற சின்னமான தாஜ்மஹாலைப் பரிசளித்தார்; இது அவரது அன்பிற்குரிய மனைவி மும்தாஜ் மஹாலுக்கான நினைவிடமாகும். வெண்ணிறச் சலவைக்கற்களால் உருவாக்கப்பட்ட தாஜ்மஹால், கட்டி முடிக்கப்படுவதற்கு 20 ஆண்டுகள் ஆனது. இன்று இது உலகெங்கும் காதலின் சின்னமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. ஷாஜகான், தாஜ்மஹாலைப் போலவே கருப்புச் சலவைக்கற்களால் மற்றொரு நினைவுச் சின்னத்தை உருவாக்கி, அதில் தான் அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட விரும்பியதாக ஒரு கதையுண்டு. இதற்கு எந்த வரலாற்றுச் சான்றும் இல்லை; ஒருவேளை அது உண்மையாக இருந்திருந்தாலும், அத்தகைய திட்டத்தைச் செயல்படுத்துவது சாத்தியமற்றதாகவே இருந்திருக்கும். ஷாஜகானின் மகனான ஔரங்கசீப், மிகவும் எளிமையான மற்றும் இறைப்பற்றுள்ள மனிதராக இருந்தார். அவருக்குத் தனது முன்னோர்களைப் போல ஆடம்பரமான கட்டுமானங்களில் ஈடுபாடு இருக்கவில்லை; மாறாக, அவர் தனது செல்வத்தை தென்னிந்தியாவில் போர்களை நடத்துவதற்காகவே செலவிட்டார். உண்மையில், முகலாயப் பேரரசு அதன் உச்சத்திலிருந்த ஷாஜகானின் ஆட்சிக் காலத்திலேயே, தாஜ்மஹால் கட்டுமானமானது பேரரசின் வளங்களுக்குப் பெரும் சுமையாகவும், ஆக்ராவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளில் ஒரு சிறிய அளவிலான பஞ்சத்திற்கு வழிவகுப்பதாகவும் அமைந்தது. இறுதியில், ஷாஜகானும் அந்த வெண்ணிற தாஜ்மகாலிலேயே, தனது அன்பிற்குரிய பேகத்திற்கு அருகிலேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார். ஆக்ராவுக்கு அதன் மிகச்சிறந்த புகழைத் தேடித்தந்த ஷாஜகான், அதே சமயம் அதன் வீழ்ச்சிக்கும் காரணமானார்; ஏனெனில், 1658-ஆம் ஆண்டில் அவர் தனது தலைநகரை ஷாஜகானாபாத்திற்கு மாற்ற முடிவு செய்தார். ஔரங்கசீப் மீண்டும் தலைநகரை ஆக்ராவுக்கு மாற்ற உத்தரவிட்டாலும், அது நீண்ட காலம் நீடிக்கவில்லை; அவர் தனது போர்களில் கவனம் செலுத்துவதற்காக, தனது தலைமையகத்தை தெற்கே இருந்த ஔரங்காபாத்திற்கு (தற்போதைய சத்ரபதி சாம்பாஜிநகர்) மாற்றினார். இதனால் ஆக்ரா வீழ்ச்சியடைந்தது, அதனுடன் முகலாயப் பேரரசும் வீழ்ச்சியைச் சந்தித்தது. காலப்போக்கில், மராட்டியர்கள் இந்த நகரத்தைக் கைப்பற்றினர். 1803-இல், இந்நகரம் ஆங்கிலேயர்களின் கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்குள் வந்தது; அவர்கள் இங்கு 'ஆக்ரா பிரசிடென்சி'யை (Agra Presidency) நிறுவினர். இந்தியா சுதந்திரம் அடைந்த பிறகு, இந்நகரம் உத்தரப் பிரதேச மாநிலத்துடன் இணைக்கப்பட்டது. ஆனால், மாநிலத்தின் தலைநகராகும் வாய்ப்பு கூட இதற்கு கிடைக்கவில்லை; அந்த அந்தஸ்து, கிழக்கே அமைந்திருந்த லக்னோவுக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டது. தற்போது இது தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் பிற சில நினைவுச்சின்னங்களுக்காக அறியப்படும் ஒரு சுற்றுலா நகரமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. ==== வானிலை ==== இங்குள்ள காலநிலை தில்லியின் காலநிலையை ஒத்திருந்தாலும், முற்றிலும் ஒன்றல்ல. தில்லியைப் போலவே, ஆக்ராவிலும் குளிர்காலத்தில் அடர்ந்த மூடுபனி ஏற்படுவது வழக்கம்; இது பார்வைத்திறனை கிட்டத்தட்ட பூஜ்ஜியத்திற்குச் சுருக்கிவிடுகிறது. மறுபுறம், வசந்த காலத்தின் பிற்பகுதியிலும் கோடைகாலத்தின் தொடக்கத்திலும் இந்நகரம் சுட்டெரிக்கும் வெப்பத்தைக் கொண்டிருக்கும். ====== வருகையாளர் தகவல் ====== அதிகாரப்பூர்வ இணையதளங்கள்: * ஆக்ரா மாவட்டம் (Agra District)* [https://agra.nic.in/ Agra District] * ஆக்ரா மாநகராட்சி(Agra Municipal Corporation)* [https://nagarnigamagra.com/ Agra Municipal Corporation] == பேச்சுச் மொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == ஆக்ரா, தில்லியிலிருந்து தென்கிழக்கே 200 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது தில்லி, ஆக்ரா மற்றும் செய்ப்பூர் ஆகிய நகரங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளின் 'கோல்டன் ட்ரையாங்கிள்' (Golden Triangle) பாதையில் ஒரு முக்கிய இடமாகும். மேலும், ஆக்ரா மற்ற அருகிலுள்ள நகரங்கள் மற்றும் சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களுடன் ரயில் மற்றும் சாலை வழியாகச் சிறப்பாக இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளதால், தில்லியிலிருந்து ஒரு நாள் பயணமாகச் செல்வதற்கோ அல்லது நீண்ட பயணத் திட்டத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியாகச் சேர்ப்பதற்கோ இது மிகவும் ஏற்ற இடமாகும். === வானூர்தியில் === [[File:Agra Cantonment railway station - Visit During WCI 2016 (2).jpg|thumb|ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட்]] ஆக்ரா விமான நிலையம் (IATA குறியீடு: AGR). இது ஒரு சிறிய உள்நாட்டு விமான நிலையமாகும்; பெங்களூரு, ஹைதராபாத் மற்றும் நவி மும்பையிலிருந்து இங்கு நேரடி விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) புது தில்லி (DEL IATA, HDO IATA மற்றும் DXN IATA) என்பது அருகிலுள்ள மிக முக்கியமான மையமாகும்; இங்கிருந்து பல இடங்களுக்கு நேரடி விமான சேவைகள் உள்ளன. === தொடருந்தில் === ஆக்ரா, தில்லி–மும்பை மற்றும் தில்லி–சென்னை ஆகிய வழித்தடங்களுக்கான முதன்மை தொடருந்து பாதையில் அமைந்துள்ளது; தினமும் பல தொடருந்துகள் ஆக்ராவை இந்த நகரங்களுடன் இணைக்கின்றன. புது தில்லியிலிருந்து கிழக்கு நோக்கிச் செல்லும் சில தொடருந்துகளும் ஆக்ரா வழியாகவே பயணிக்கின்றன; எனவே, கொல்கத்தா உள்ளிட்ட கிழக்கு இந்தியாவின் பல்வேறு இடங்களுக்கு இங்கிருந்து நேரடி தொடருந்து வசதிகள் உள்ளன. தினமும் தில்லிக்கு சுமார் 20 தொடருந்துகளும், மும்பை மற்றும் சென்னைக்கு தலா மூன்று அல்லது நான்கு தொடருந்துகளும் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. டிசம்பர் மாத இறுதியில் மற்றும் ஜனவரி மாதத் தொடக்கத்தில் (மூடுபனி நிலவும் காலம்), பார்வைத்திறன் குறைவதால் அனைத்து ரயில்களும் மெதுவாகச் செல்கின்றன; இதனால் பயண நேரம் அதிகரிக்கிறது. உதாரணமாக, புது தில்லி – ராணி கமலாபதி சதாப்தி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் தொடருந்து ஆக்ராவை காலை 10 மணிக்கு மேல் வந்தடையலாம், மேலும் புது தில்லிக்குத் திரும்பும்போது நள்ளிரவைத் தாண்டிவிடக்கூடும். பாதுகாப்பு அம்சத்தைக் கருத்தில் கொண்டால், குளிர்காலத்தில் தொடருந்தில் பயணம் செய்வது எப்போதும் சிறந்தது. நீங்கள் ஒரே நாளில் சென்று திரும்பும் வகையில் (அதாவது அதிகாலையில் புறப்பட்டு, இரவு நியாயமான நேரத்திற்குள் திரும்பும் வகையில்) பயணம் செய்ய விரும்பினால், மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் அதிகம் உள்ள காலங்களில் சில நாட்களுக்கு அல்லது சில வாரங்களுக்கு முன்பே உங்கள் பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டும். இந்திய தொடருந்து இணையதளம் மூலம் பற்று அல்லது கடன் அட்டைகள் வழியாகப் பணம் செலுத்தி தொடருந்து பயணச்சீட்டுகளை இணையத்தில் முன்பதிவு செய்யலாம், இருப்பினும் வெளிநாட்டு வங்கிகளால் வழங்கப்பட்ட அட்டைகள் பெரும்பாலும் நிராகரிக்கப்படுகின்றன. இணையத்தில் பயணச்சீட்டுகளை முன்பதிவு செய்வது குறித்த மேலும் தகவல்களுக்கு, 'இந்தியாவில் ரயில் பயணம் (Rail travel in India)' என்ற கட்டுரையைப் பார்க்கவும். ஆக்ராவில் பல தொடருந்து நிலையங்கள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட், ஆக்ரா ஃபோர்ட் மற்றும் இத்கா நிலையங்களைப் பற்றி மட்டும் கவனம் செலுத்தினால் போதும், ஏனெனில் கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்து பிரதான வழித்தட தொடருந்துகளும் இங்கு வந்து செல்கின்றன. '''1 ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் (Agra Cantonment - குறியீடு: AGC)''' என்பது ஒரு முக்கிய தொடருந்து நிலையமாகும். இது தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கு தென்மேற்கே அமைந்துள்ளது; இங்கிருந்து கார் அல்லது ரிக்‌ஷா மூலம் இந்த இடங்களுக்கு எளிதில் சென்றுவிடலாம். நடை மேடை 1-ல் உள்ள ஏதேனும் ஒரு வாயில் வழியாக வெளியே வந்தால், அங்கு தானியங்கி (ஆட்டோ) நிறுத்தத்தைக் காணலாம். நிலையத்திலிருந்து சற்று தூரம் நடந்தால் தானி-இழுவண்டிகள் பிடித்துக்கொள்ளலாம், ஆனால் ஓட்டுநர்களுக்கு ஆங்கிலம் தெரியாமல் இருக்கலாம். நிலையத்திற்கு வெளியிலேயே முன்பணம் செலுத்தும் முறை ('ப்ரீபெய்ட்') வாடகையுந்து நிலையம் உள்ளது; அங்கிருந்து நகரத்திலுள்ள எந்த தங்கும் விடுதிக்கும் நிலையான கட்டணத்தில் செல்லலாம். தொடருந்து நிலையத்தில் ஒரு உணவு வளாகம் (food court) உள்ளது; அங்கு சாண்ட்விச் மற்றும் சமோசா போன்ற மலிவான, சுகாதாரமான சிற்றுண்டிகளை வாங்கிக்கொள்ளலாம். அங்கிருந்து தொடர்ந்து சென்று சாலையைக் கடந்தால், பேருந்து முனையத்தைக் காணலாம்; அங்கிருந்து தாஜ் மஹால் செல்வதற்குப் பேருந்துகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. இருப்பினும், பேருந்து சேவை அவ்வளவு நம்பகமானதாக இருக்காது என்பதையும், பேருந்துகளின் எண்ணிக்கை குறைவாக இருக்கலாம் என்பதையும் கவனத்தில் கொள்ளவும். மேலும், உத்தரப் பிரதேச சுற்றுலா வளர்ச்சிக் கழகம் (UPTDC) நடத்தும் குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட சொகுசு பேருந்துகளில் அரசு சுற்றுலாத் திட்டங்களையும் நீங்கள் முன்பதிவு செய்து கொள்ளலாம். (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''ஆக்ரா கோட்டை (Agra Fort)''' தொடருந்து நிலையம் (குறியீடு: AF) (ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ளது; அருகிலுள்ள மெட்ரோ நிலையம்: மன்கமேஷ்வர் - மஞ்சள் வழித்தடம்). இங்கு மாநிலங்களுக்கு இடையேயான விரைவு தொடருந்துகள் அவ்வப்போது மட்டுமே நின்று செல்கின்றன. இந்த நிலையத்திலிருந்து கிழக்கு நோக்கி (கான்பூர், கோரக்பூர், ஹவுரா) செல்லும் தொடருந்துளும், மேற்கு நோக்கி செய்ப்பூர் செல்லும் தொடருந்துகளும் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன; இவற்றில் சில தொடருந்துகள் ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் (Agra Cantt) நிலையத்திலும் நின்று செல்கின்றன. இது ஆக்ராவின் வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க தொடருந்து நிலையங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். ஒரு காலத்தில், ஜமா மஸ்ஜிதிற்கும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டையின் [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]] நுழைவாயிலிற்கும் இடையில் 'திரிபோலியா சௌக்' (Tripolia Chowk) எனும் விசாலமான, எண்கோண வடிவிலான பகுதி இருந்தது. இந்த தொடருந்து நிலையத்தை உருவாக்குவதற்காக அந்த திரிபோலியா பகுதி அழிக்கப்பட்டது. இதுவே ஆக்ராவின் முதல் தொடருந்து நிலையமாகவும், நாட்டின் மிகப்பழமையான தொடருந்து நிலையங்களில் ஒன்றாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''இட்கா என்சிஆர்(Idgah  NCR)''' (குறியீடு: IDH). ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கு ஒரு மாற்று. '''ராஜா கி மண்டி(Raja ki Mandi  NCR)''' (குறியீடு: RKM) - இது நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு சிறிய தொடருந்து நிலையமாகும். ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் (Agra Cantt) நிலையத்திற்குச் செல்லும் சில தொடருந்துகள் இங்கேயும் நின்று செல்கின்றன. பொதுவாக அமைதியான சூழலைக் கொண்ட இந்த நிலையம், இன்டர்சிட்டி (Intercity) தொடருந்துகள் மற்றும் தாஜ் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் (Taj Express) தொடருந்துகள் வருகையின்போது மிகுந்த பரபரப்புடன் காணப்படுகிறது. (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''ஆக்ரா சிட்டி (Agra City)''' - என்.சி.ஆர் (NCR) (குறியீடு: AGA). மீட்டர் கேஜ் (metre gauge) காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த இந்த நிலையம், பெயரளவில் நகரின் முதன்மை நிலையம்போலத் தோன்றினாலும், நடைமுறையில் பெரிய பயன் ஏதுமற்ற ஒன்றாகும். (பிப்ரவரி 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''சேவைகள்''' [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]]யிலிருந்து ஆக்ராவுக்கு — தினமும் சுமார் 20 தொடருந்துகள் [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]]யையும் ஆக்ராவையும் இணைக்கின்றன; பயண நேரம் 2 முதல் 5 மணிநேரம் வரை மாறுபடும். இதில் சிறந்த விருப்பங்களாக, 'புது தில்லி – ராணி கமலாபதி வந்தே பாரத் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்' (மிக வேகமானது), 'புது தில்லி – ராணி கமலாபதி சதாப்தி எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்' இது தினமும் - வெள்ளிக்கிழமை தவிர - காலை 6:15 மணிக்கு புது தில்லியிலிருந்து புறப்பட்டு காலை 8:12 மணிக்கு ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்தை அடைகிறது; மறுமார்க்கமாக, ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்திலிருந்து இரவு 8:30 மணிக்கு புறப்பட்டு இரவு 10:30 மணிக்கு புது தில்லியை வந்தடைகிறது; குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட பெட்டிகளில் உணவு மற்றும் குடிநீர் வசதி உண்டு மற்றும் 'தாஜ் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ்' இது தினமும் ஹசரத் நிஜாமுதீன் நிலையத்திலிருந்து காலை 7:15 மணிக்கு புறப்பட்டு காலை 10:07 மணிக்கு ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்தை அடைகிறது; மறுமார்க்கமாக, ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்திலிருந்து மாலை 6:55 மணிக்கு புறப்பட்டு இரவு 10 மணிக்கு ஹசரத் நிஜாமுதீன் நிலையத்தை வந்தடைகிறது. ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து செய்ப்பூருக்கு - செய்ப்பூர் (நிலையக் குறியீடு: JP) செல்லும் பயணம், 2988 எண் கொண்ட தொடருந்தில் சுமார் 4 மணிநேரம் ஆகிறது. இந்த தொடருந்து ஆக்ரா கோட்டையிலிருந்து (Agra Fort) மாலை 6:25 மணிக்குக் கிளம்பி, இரவு 10:20 மணியளவில் செய்ப்பூரைச் சென்றடைகிறது. மேலும், ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட்டிலிருந்து செய்ப்பூருக்கு மாலை 5:40 மணிக்கு தொடருந்து எண் 2965 புறப்படுகிறது. இந்த தொடருந்து இரவு 10:15 மணிக்குச் சென்றடையும். குளிர்சாதன வசதி கொண்ட பெட்டியில் பயணிக்கக் கட்டணம் ₹300. ராஜஸ்தான் மற்றும் ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களுக்கு மேற்கொள்ளப்படும் 8 நாள் சுற்றுப்பயணத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியாக, 'பேலஸ் ஆன் வீல்ஸ்' (Palace on Wheels) எனும் சொகுசு தொடருந்து ஆக்ராவில் நின்று செல்கிறது. ==== பேருந்தில் ==== [[File:Catholic Cemetery Agra 4.jpg|thumb|ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க கல்லறையில் உள்ள வில்லியம் ஹெஸ்ஸிங்கின் சமாதி - 'ரெட் தாஜ்' (Red Taj)]] செய்ப்பூர், தில்லி, அஜ்மீர், லக்னோ போன்ற இடங்களிலிருந்து ஆக்ராவிற்குப் பல பேருந்துகள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. தில்லிக்கும் ஆக்ராவுக்கும் இடையிலான நெடுஞ்சாலைகளில் சுங்கவரிகள் இருப்பதால் பெரும்பாலான பேருந்துகள் அதை எடுத்துக்கொள்வதில்லை. மாறாக, அவர்கள் உள்ளூர் சாலைகளை எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறார்கள், இது எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் ரயில்களை விட (4-5 மணிநேரம்) பயணத்தை அதிக நீளமாக்குகிறது. சிறிய சாலைகள் மூலம் ஆக்ராவிற்கு பேருந்து மற்றும் சிற்றுந்து மூலம் செல்லலாம், இருப்பினும் ஆக்ராவிற்கு செல்லும் பேருந்துகள் எங்கிருந்து புறப்படும் என்று நீங்கள் கேட்க வேண்டும், முன்னுரிமை உள்ள ஒரு நம்பகமான உள்ளூர் அல்லது உங்கள் தங்கும் விடுதி உள்ள ஊழியர்களிடம் கேட்க வேண்டும். இந்திய பேருந்து நிலையங்கள், பெரும்பாலான நேரங்களில்,மேம்பாலங்களுக்கு அடியில் அமைந்துள்ள பரந்த நடைபாதை பகுதிகள் மிகவும் நெரிசலாக இருக்கும்; அங்கு எந்தப் பேருந்து எங்கு செல்லும் என்பது குறித்த எந்தத் தகவலும் இருக்காது. அல்லது, தனியார் பேருந்து நிறுவனங்களின் நிலையங்கள் உள்ளன; இவை அதிக கட்டணத்தில் கூடுதல் வசதியுடன் கூடிய பயணத்தை வழங்குகின்றன. சாகச உணர்வு கொண்டவர்களுக்கு இந்த விருப்பம் ஏற்றது; ஏனெனில், பேருந்து திடீரென பழுதடைவது, உள்ளூர் போராட்டங்கள் அல்லது பிற கூட்டங்கள் காரணமாக சாலை மூடப்படுவது போன்ற காரணங்களால் உங்கள் பயணம் பாதியிலேயே தடைபட வாய்ப்புள்ளது. ஆக்ரா செல்வதற்கு இதுவே மிக மலிவான வழி என்பதைக் கவனத்தில் கொள்க; சாதாரண பேருந்துகளுக்கு ₹60-க்கு மிகாமலும், சற்று வசதியான பேருந்துகளுக்கு ₹200-க்கு மிகாமலும் மட்டுமே கட்டணம் இருக்கும். நீங்கள் அரசு நடத்தும் பேருந்துகளில் பயணம் செய்ய விரும்பினால், உங்களை அந்த இடத்திற்கே அழைத்துச் செல்லுமாறு உங்கள் இழுவண்டி ஓட்டுநரிடம் கண்டிப்பாகக் கூற வேண்டும். நீங்கள் வெறுமனே "தில்லிக்குச் செல்லும் பேருந்துகள்" என்று மட்டும் கேட்டால், அவர்கள் உங்களை ஏதோ ஒரு தனியார் பேருந்து நிறுவனத்திடம் அழைத்துச் செல்லக்கூடும்; ஏனெனில், அவ்வாறு அழைத்துச் செல்வதன் மூலம் அவர்களுக்கு ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட கமிஷன் கிடைக்கிறது. இது உங்களுக்குச் சற்று கூடுதல் செலவை ஏற்படுத்தும். மேலும், இத்தகைய தனியார் பேருந்துகள் குறிப்பிட்ட வழித்தடத்தில் நேராகச் செல்லாமல், இடையிடையே பல இடங்களில் நின்று பயணிகளை ஏற்றி இறக்கும் என்பதால், உங்கள் பயணம் சிரமமானதாக அமையலாம். '''நிலையங்கள்''' மாநிலங்களுக்கு இடையேயான பேருந்து நிலையங்கள் இரண்டு உள்ளன: '''இட்கா பேருந்து நிலையம் (Idgah Bus Stand)'''. ராஜஸ்தான்/மத்தியப் பிரதேசம் நோக்கிச் செல்வதற்கான முதன்மையான பேருந்து நிலையம்; இது நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில், தாஜ் மஹாலிலிருந்து 8 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. (மார்ச் 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) '''ஐஎஸ்பிடி (ISBT)''', டிரான்ஸ்போர்ட் நகர் (தாஜ் மஹாலிலிருந்து 12 கி.மீ தொலைவில்). இத்கா பேருந்து நிலையத்திலிருந்து ராஜஸ்தான் நோக்கிச் செல்லும் பேருந்துகளைத் தவிர, மற்ற பெரும்பாலான பேருந்துகள் இவ்வழியாகவே செல்கின்றன. (ஆகஸ்ட் 2026-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) ==== '''வாடகையுந்து மூலம்''' ==== நீங்கள் தங்கும் விடுதியில் இருந்தோ அல்லது தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு வெளியே இருந்தோ வாடகையுந்தை முன்பதிவு செய்யலாம். பொதுவாக, அங்கு அரசு அங்கீகாரம் பெற்ற வாடகையுந்து நிறுத்துமிடம் ஒன்று இருக்கும்; ஆனால், அதைக் கண்டறிவது கடினமாக இருக்கலாம். தொடருந்து நிலையத்தில் இருக்கும் உள்ளூர் நபர்கள் (அப்பாவி சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைத் தேடுபவர்கள்) அதைக் கண்டறிய உங்களுக்கு உதவ மாட்டார்கள். 8 மணி நேரத்திற்கு ₹1500 கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படும். தங்கும் விடுதிகள் தங்கள் சொந்தக் கட்டண முறையைக் கொண்டிருப்பதால், அவற்றின் வழியாக வாடகையுந்தை முன்பதிவு செய்வது அதிகச் செலவாகலாம். எனவே, ஓட்டுநரிடம் நேரடியாகப் பேசி விலை நிர்ணயிப்பது அல்லது இணையம் வாடகையுந்து தளம் மூலம் முன்பதிவு செய்வது சிறந்தது. ===== '''மகிழ்வுந்து மூலம்''' ===== '''தில்லியிலிருந்து''': யமுனா விரைவுச்சாலை (Yamuna Expressway) — கிரேட்டர் நொய்டாவிலிருந்து ஆக்ரா வரையிலான 210 கி.மீ தூரத்தை இணைக்கிறது. இந்த வழித்தடத்தில் பயணம் செய்ய வழக்கமாக 3.5 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். இந்த நெடுஞ்சாலையில் சுங்கக் கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படுகிறது. NH 44 — இந்த நெடுஞ்சாலையை அடைவதற்கான முதன்மை வழி தில்லியில் உள்ள மதுரா சாலை வழியாக அமைகிறது. இருப்பினும், தெற்கு தில்லி அல்லது இந்திரா காந்தி சர்வதேச விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து (IGI Airport) வருபவர்கள், அரவிந்தோ மார்க் (மெஹ்ராலி சாலை) வழியாக வந்து, துக்ளகாபாத் வழியாக NH 44-ஐ அடைவது எளிதாக இருக்கும். இந்த நெடுஞ்சாலை இரு திசைகளுக்கும் தனித்தனி பாதைகளைக் கொண்டிருந்தாலும், தவறான திசையில் வரும் லாரிகள், கார்கள் மற்றும் மாட்டு வண்டிகள் குறித்து மிகுந்த எச்சரிக்கையுடன் இருப்பது அவசியம். இரண்டு சூழல்களிலும், ஓட்டுநருடன் கூடிய காரை வாடகைக்கு எடுக்க முடியும் (தில்லி விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து அல்லது விமான நிலையத்திற்குச் செல்ல, ஐந்து பேர் பயணிக்கக்கூடிய பெரிய காருக்கு ₹3500 கட்டணமாகும்). சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு இணையம் மற்றும் இணையம் அல்லாத என இரண்டு முறைகளும் உள்ளன. ஆனால் கவனமாக இருங்கள்; ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து விமான நிலையத்திற்குச் சென்று விமானத்தைப் பிடிக்க வேண்டியிருந்தால், பயணத்திற்குத் தாராளமாக நேரம் ஒதுக்குங்கள். ஏனெனில், போக்குவரத்து நெரிசலால் பயண நேரம் கணிசமாக அதிகரிக்கக்கூடும். மேலும், உங்கள் ஓட்டுநரைப் பற்றி முன்கூட்டியே தெரிந்துகொள்வது நல்லது. சில சமயங்களில், அவர்கள் அந்தத் தூரத்தைக் கடக்க ஐந்து மணி நேரத்திற்கும் மேலாக எடுத்துக்கொள்ளலாம்; அத்தகைய சூழலில், ஒரு ஆட்டோவை விட வேகமாகச் செல்லுமாறு அவர்களை உங்களால் வற்புறுத்த முடியாது. '''செய்ப்பூரிலிருந்து''': நான்கு வழிப்பாதைகளைக் கொண்ட தேசிய நெடுஞ்சாலை 11, ஆக்ராவையும் செய்ப்பூரையும் இணைக்கிறது. இந்தப் பாதை பரத்பூர் (பறவைகள் சரணாலயம் அமைந்துள்ள நகரம்) மற்றும் ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரி வழியாகச் செல்கிறது. சுமார் 255 கி.மீ தொலைவைக் கடக்க ஏறக்குறைய 4 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். '''லக்னோவிலிருந்து''': ஆக்ரா-லக்னோ விரைவுச்சாலை, மாநிலத் தலைநகரான லக்னோவையும் ஆக்ராவையும் இணைக்கிறது; இதன் நீளம் 302 கி.மீ ஆகும். இதில் பயணம் செய்வது மிகவும் சீராக இருக்கும், மேலும் பயணத்திற்கு 3 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். இது சுங்கக் கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படும் நெடுஞ்சாலையாகும். '''கான்பூரிலிருந்து''': தேசிய நெடுஞ்சாலை 19 (NH 19) கான்பூர் வரை (285 கி.மீ, 5 மணிநேரப் பயணம்) நீள்கிறது; அங்கிருந்து கிழக்கு நோக்கிச் சென்று கொல்கத்தாவில் முடிவடைகிறது. '''குவாலியரிலிருந்து''': சுமார் 120 கி.மீ தொலைவு; ஆக்ரா-மும்பை நெடுஞ்சாலை வழியாகச் சென்றால் சுமார் 1.5 மணி நேரம் ஆகும். '''மிதிவண்டி மூலம்''' ஆக்ராவும் எட்டாவாவும் 207 கி.மீ (129 மைல்) நீளமுள்ள மிதிவண்டிப் பாதையால் இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == [[File:Modes of Transportation (13728178815).jpg|thumb|ஆக்ராவில் ஒரு குதிரை வண்டி (டோங்கா).]] மெட்ரோ, மின்சாரப் பேருந்துகள், குதிரை வண்டிகள் மற்றும் மின்சார இழுவண்டிகள் எளிதில் கிடைக்கின்றன; தாஜ்மகாலுக்குச் செல்ல இவை சிறந்த வழிமுறைகளாகும். ஒட்டகங்களும் கிடைக்கின்றன. '''மெட்ரோ மூலம்''' [[File:Fatehbad Road Metro 4.jpg|thumb|ஆக்ரா மெட்ரோ]] ஆக்ரா மெட்ரோ (மஞ்சள் நிற வழித்தடம்) ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கும் தாஜ் மஹாலுக்கும் இடையே இயங்குகிறது. பயணச்சீட்டு விலை ₹30; தொடருந்துகள் காலை 6 மணி முதல் இரவு 10 மணி வரை இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. '''இழுவண்டிகள் (ரிக்‌ஷாவில்)''' ஆட்டோ ரிக்‌ஷாக்களும் சைக்கிள் ரிக்‌ஷாக்களும் எல்லா இடங்களிலும் கிடைக்கின்றன. கட்டணங்களை முன்கூட்டியே தெளிவாக பேசி முடிவு செய்துகொள்ளுங்கள். வெளிநாட்டினர் எல்லா இடங்களிலும் கடுமையாக பேரம் பேச வேண்டும். பொதுவாக, ஆரம்பத்தில் கூறப்பட்ட கட்டணத்தில் 40% தள்ளுபடியில் சேவைகள் கிடைக்கும். வழக்கமாக, ஒரு இ-ரிக்‌ஷாவிற்கான கட்டணம் ₹150-200 ஆகும், இதில் 4 பேர் வரை பயணிக்கலாம். ஒரு வழிகாட்டியாக, ஆக்ரா கண்டோன்மென்ட் நிலையத்திலிருந்து தாஜ்மஹாலை அடைய ஒரு ஆட்டோ ரிக்‌ஷாவிற்கு சுமார் ₹200 (குறைந்தபட்சம் சீசன் அல்லாத காலங்களில்), மற்றும் தாஜ்மஹாலையிலிருந்து ஆக்ரா கோட்டையை அடைய ஒரு சைக்கிள் ரிக்‌ஷாவிற்கு ₹40 ஆகும். '''பேருந்து மூலம்''' உத்தரப் பிரதேச மாநில சாலைப் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் (UPSRTC) குளிரூட்டப்படாத மற்றும் குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட சில பேருந்துகளை இயக்குகிறது. '''நடந்து''' இந்த நகரத்தை முழுமையாக அனுபவிக்க, மால் ரோட்டில் (சதர்) நடைப்பயணம் மேற்கொள்வதே சிறந்த வழியாகும். இந்த வீதி முழுவதும் கைவினைப் பொருட்கள் மற்றும் தோல் பொருட்களுக்கான கடைகள் நிறைந்துள்ளன. மேலும், இந்த நகரத்திற்கே உரித்தான தனித்துவமான உணவு வகைகளையும் இங்கே நீங்கள் காணலாம். தாஜ் மஹால் மற்றும் ஆக்ரா கோட்டைக்கு இடையே சுமார் 30 நிமிடங்களில் நடந்து செல்ல முடியும். == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்.( ''Agra's district articles'' '')'' [[File:Agra 03-2016 16 Agra Fort.jpg|thumb|ஆக்ரா கோட்டையின் சுவர்கள்]] ஆக்ராவின் மிகச்சிறந்த இரண்டு இடங்கள் என்றால், அவை இணையற்ற '''தாஜ் மஹால்''' மற்றும் '''ஆக்ரா கோட்டைதான்'''. == செய்யுங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்(Agra's district articles). நினைவுச் சின்னங்களைப் பார்வையிடுவது மட்டுமன்றி, பழைய நகரப் பகுதியில் உள்ள உள்ளூர் சந்தைகளிலும் உலா வரலாம். நகரின் மிகப்பழமையான பகுதிகளில் ஒன்றில் நடைப்பயணம் மேற்கொள்வது ஒரு நல்ல அனுபவமாகும். == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == பணியாற்றுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்(Agra's district articles). ஆக்ராவில், நகைகள் முதல் தாஜ்மகாலில் உள்ளதைப் போன்ற பதிக்கப்பட்ட வேலைப்பாடுகளைக் கொண்ட சிறிய பெட்டிகள் மற்றும் தகடுகள் வரை, கல் பொருட்களை விற்கும் பல கடைகள் உள்ளன. இவற்றில் சிறந்தவை அற்புதமானவை, சாதாரணமானவை கூட மிகவும் அழகாக இருக்கின்றன. ஆக்ரா அதன் தோல் பொருட்களுக்கும் புகழ்பெற்றது. சில பொருட்களை வாங்கவும், மலிவான உணவை உண்ணவும் சதர் பஜாரில் சிறிது நேரம் செலவிடுவதைக் கருத்தில் கொள்ளுங்கள். இந்தச் சந்தைகளில், விலை உயர்ந்த மற்றும் ஓரளவு விலை உயர்ந்த, வெட்டி மெருகூட்டப்பட்ட ஆனால் பதிக்கப்படாத இரத்தினக் கற்களும், முடிக்கப்பட்ட நகைகளும் கிடைக்கின்றன. மேலும், நேர்த்தியான பூட்டிக்கள், உயர்தர தோல் பொருட்கள், கலாச்சார ரீதியாக வடிவமைக்கப்பட்ட ஆடைகள் மற்றும் பளிங்குச் சந்தைகளையும் நீங்கள் காணலாம். அதிக விலை கொடுத்து ஏமாற்றப்படுவதில் எச்சரிக்கையாக இருங்கள். யாரையும் உங்களை ஒரு கடைக்கு அழைத்துச் செல்ல அனுமதிக்காதீர்கள், ஏனெனில் அவர்களின் தரகுத் தொகையை (பொதுவாக 50%) ஈடுகட்டுவதற்காக விலை உயர்ந்துவிடும். இந்த நபர்கள் செய்யும் வாக்குறுதிகள் குறித்து மிகவும் எச்சரிக்கையாக இருங்கள். கடுமையாகப் பேரம் பேசுங்கள். அங்கிருந்து வெளியேறத் தயாராக இருங்கள்; நீங்கள் திரும்பி வந்த பிறகு, அதே பொருட்களை மற்றொரு கடையில் கிட்டத்தட்ட எப்போதும் பெற முடியும் அல்லது நீங்கள் சென்றபோது விரும்பிய பொருட்களை இணையம் மூலம் ஆர்டர் செய்ய முடியும். ஒரு விற்பனையை முடிப்பதற்காக, எல்லாவிதமான பொய்களையும் சொல்லும் (ஆரம்பத்தில் 1,000-10,000% வரை விலையை உயர்த்தி) அற்பத்தனமான மற்றும் பேராசை பிடித்த கடைக்காரர்களை நீங்கள் சந்திக்க நேரிடும். பல உள்ளூர் சந்தைகள் உள்ளன: சதர் பஜார் ஒரு நவீன சந்தை, ராஜா கி மண்டி சந்தை, அனைத்து அலுவலகங்களுக்குமான சஞ்சய் பிளேஸ், மின்னணுப் பொருட்களுக்கான ஷா மார்க்கெட். இந்தச் சந்தைகள் அனைத்தும் எம்.ஜி. சாலையில் அமைந்துள்ளன. ஆக்ரா கோட்டை தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு அருகில், துணிகளுக்கான ஹாஸ்பிடல் ரோடு மார்க்கெட் மற்றும் சுபாஷ் பஜார் அமைந்துள்ளன. ராவத்பாரா சந்தை மசாலாப் பொருட்களுக்கானது. இவை தவிர, எம்.ஜி. சாலையில் பல பிரபலமான நிறுவன கடைகளும் உள்ளன. எம். ஜி. சாலையில் உள்ள ராஜா மண்டிக்கு அருகில் இருக்கும் கோகுல் புரா சந்தையில், மொத்த விற்பனை விலையில் பல பளிங்குப் பொருட்கள் கிடைக்கின்றன. இங்கு ஆட்டோ ரிக்‌ஷா மூலம் எளிதாகச் செல்லலாம்; பெரும்பாலான பொருட்களின் விலை, சில்லறை விற்பனைச் சந்தையை விட சுமார் 25% குறைவாகவே இருக்கும். ஆபரணங்களை வாங்கும்போது கவனமாக இருங்கள்: பல கற்கள் போலியானவை, மேலும் அவற்றின் விலையோ ஒப்பீட்டளவில் அதிகம். == உண்ணுங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்(Agra's district articles). ஆக்ராவின் சிறப்பம்சங்களான 'பேத்தா' (மிகவும் இனிப்பான ஒரு வகை மிட்டாய்) மற்றும் 'தால் மோத்' (காரமான பருப்பு கலவை) ஆகிய இரண்டும், நினைவுப் பரிசுகளாகவும் மிகவும் பிரபலம். '''சாட் - சாட்''' பிரியர்களுக்கு ஆக்ரா ஒரு சொர்க்கம். சாட் பல வகைகளில் கிடைக்கலாம், ஆனால் அவை அனைத்திற்கும் பொதுவான ஒரு விஷயம் என்னவென்றால், அவை காரமானவை. மேலும், கிட்டத்தட்ட ஒவ்வொரு சாட் கடைக்கு வெளியேயும், குறிப்பாக மாம்பழங்களுக்காக (சிகந்திரா அருகில் உள்ள) டபுள் படக் போன்ற பிரபலமான இடங்களில், கூட்டத்தைக் காணலாம். சதர் மற்றும் பெலங்கஞ்சில் தரமான பல்லா மற்றும் பானிபூரி கிடைக்கும். நகரம் முழுவதும் நிறைந்திருக்கும் ஒவ்வொரு இனிப்புக் கடையிலும் சமோசா மற்றும் கச்சோரி கிடைக்கும். சில வழக்கமான சாட் வகைகள்: ஆலு டிக்கி (வேகவைத்த உருளைக்கிழங்கை வறுத்துச் செய்யப்படும் கலவை), பனீர் டிக்கா (மசாலாப் பொருட்களுடன் தந்தூரில் சுடப்பட்ட பன்னீர் துண்டுகள்), பானிபூரி அல்லது கோல்குப்பா (உருளைக்கிழங்கு கலவை மற்றும் காரமான இனிப்பு சாஸ்களின் கலவையுடன் நிரப்பப்பட்ட சிறிய வட்டமான உள்ளீடற்ற ஓடுகள்), மாம்பழங்கள், சமோசாக்கள், சச்சோரி போன்றவை. நீங்கள் ஒரு வழக்கமான ஆக்ரா காலை உணவைச் சுவைக்க விரும்பினால், அந்த காரமான பெராஹிகளில் ஒன்றைச் சாப்பிட்டு, இனிப்பான ஜிலேபிகளுடன் அதை நிறைவு செய்யுங்கள். '''இனிப்புகள்''' - இங்கு பல நல்ல இனிப்புக் கடைகள் உள்ளன. ஆக்ராவின் புகழ்பெற்ற பேத்தாவிற்கு சிறந்த கடைகள், ஆக்ரா கோட்டையிலிருந்து சிறிது தூரத்தில் உள்ள ஹரி பர்வத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளன. பாஞ்சிஸ், பீம்சைன் பைத்தியாநாத் மற்றும் தி பிராச்சீன் பேத்தா ஸ்டோர் ஆகியவை நன்கு அறியப்பட்ட கடைகளில் சிலவாகும். பல வகையான பேத்தாக்கள் கிடைக்கின்றன, ஆனால் உண்மையான சுவையை அனுபவிக்க, சாதாரண பேத்தாவையோ (வெள்ளை தந்த நிறம்) அல்லது அங்கூரி சுவையூட்டப்பட்ட பேத்தாவையோ (சர்க்கரைப் பாகில் ஊறவைக்கப்பட்ட செவ்வக மற்றும் மஞ்சள் நிறத் துண்டுகள்) சுவைத்துப் பாருங்கள். ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள மற்ற கடைகள்: பிகானெர்வாலா, தேவிராம், முன்னலால் பேத்தா, கோபால்தாஸ் மற்றும் கம்லா நகரில் உள்ள அஜந்தா ஸ்வீட்ஸ். இந்த நகரத்திற்கே உரித்தான ஒரு ஜோடி பானாவுடன் உங்கள் உணவை நிறைவு செய்யலாம். கொரிய உணவுகளும் ஏராளமாகக் கிடைக்கின்றன. == பருகுங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்(Agra's district articles). ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள தங்கும் விடுதிகளில் ஒரு பாட்டில் இந்திய பீர் சுமார் ₹70 முதல் ₹100 வரை விற்கப்படுகிறது. இருப்பினும், சில பெரிய தங்கும் விடுதிகள் மற்றும் உணவகங்களில் நடைபெறும் கலாச்சார நிகழ்ச்சிகளைத் தவிர, ஆக்ராவில் இரவு நேர வாழ்க்கை என்று சொல்லிக்கொள்ளும் அளவிற்கு எதுவுமில்லை. ஆக்ராவின் தெருக்களிலிருந்து விலகி உங்கள் தங்கும் விடுதிகுள் வந்து சேர்ந்த பிறகு, மீண்டும் வெளியே செல்ல நீங்கள் விரும்பமாட்டீர்கள். == உறங்குங்கள் == தனிப்பட்ட பட்டியல்களை ஆக்ராவின் மாவட்டக் கட்டுரைகளில் காணலாம்(Agra's district articles). கடுமையான போட்டி நிலவுவதால், இந்தியாவின் மற்ற பல நகரங்களுடன் ஒப்பிடுகையில், ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள ஐந்து நட்சத்திர தங்கும் விடுதிகள் நல்ல விலைமதிப்பைக் (விலைக்கு ஏற்ற பலனை) கொண்டுள்ளன. == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == * தங்கும் விடுதி அறையில் பணத்தையோ அல்லது மதிப்புமிக்க பொருட்களையோ விட்டுச் செல்லாதீர்கள். தங்கும் விடுதி, உணவகம் மற்றும் ஓய்வறை ஆகியவற்றின் அனைத்துக் கட்டணப் பட்டியல்களையும் பிழைகள் உள்ளதா என மீண்டும் சரிபார்க்கவும். * வாடகையுந்து ஓட்டுநர்கள் உட்பட, யாருக்கும் எதற்கும் முன்பணமாகப் பணம் செலுத்தாதீர்கள். * திருடர்களிடம் (ஜேப்படி திருடன்-pickpockets) கவனமாக இருங்கள். * நீங்கள் எதையும் வாங்க முடிவு செய்தால், பெரும்பாலான பொருட்கள் அசல் பொருட்களின் மலிவான பிரதிகள் மற்றும் நீண்ட காலம் நீடிக்காது என்பதில் கவனமாக இருங்கள். பொம்மைகள் மிகவும் மோசமாக ஒன்றாக இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன, எனவே அவற்றை வாங்க வேண்டாம். * குளிர்காலத்தில், ஆக்ராவின் வானிலை கணிக்க முடியாதது மற்றும் வெப்பநிலை உறைபனியாக இருக்கும்; நன்கு தயாராக இருங்கள். * சில நேர்மையற்ற தரைவிரிப்பு விற்பனையாளர்கள், 'ஆசை காட்டி ஏமாற்றும்' பழமையான தந்திரத்தைப் பயன்படுத்துகின்றனர். நீங்கள் ஒரு பொருளை வாங்கினால், அதை நீங்களே வந்து எடுத்துச் செல்வதாக வற்புறுத்துவார்கள். இல்லையெனில், தபாலில் வந்து சேரும் பொருள் நீங்கள் எதிர்பார்த்தபடி இல்லாமல் போகலாம். 'கனு கார்பெட்ஸ்' என்ற பெயருடைய ஒரு தரைவிரிப்புக் கடை, இந்த விஷயத்தில் குறிப்பாகப் பெயர்போனது. சந்தேகத்திற்குரிய தோற்றமுடைய நிறுவனங்களிடமிருந்து விலகி இருப்பது புத்திசாலித்தனம். == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == ஆக்ராவில் ஆண்டு முழுவதும் காற்றின் தரம் மிதமான முதல் ஆரோக்கியமற்ற நிலை வரை காணப்படுகிறது. இதனால் ஏற்படும் புகைமூட்டம் அங்கு வசிக்கும் அனைவரின் ஆரோக்கியத்திற்கும் தீங்கு விளைவிக்கக்கூடுவதுடன், பார்வைத்திறன் குறைபாட்டினால் விமானச் சேவைகளிலும் அவ்வப்போது தாமதங்களை ஏற்படுத்துகிறது. பருவமழைக் காலங்களில் வீசும் காற்று மற்றும் அடிக்கடி பெய்யும் மழையினால் காற்றின் தரம் சிறப்பாக இருக்கும்; அதேசமயம் கோடை மற்றும் குளிர்காலங்களில், குறிப்பாக செப்டம்பர் முதல் நவம்பர் வரையிலான பயிர் எச்சங்களை எரிக்கும் பருவத்தில், காற்றின் தரம் மிகவும் மோசமடைகிறது. காற்றின் தரக் குறியீடு குறித்த தகவல்களைக் கவனித்து வாருங்கள். வெளியே செல்லும்போது முகக்கவசங்கள் (ஒருமுறை மட்டும் பயன்படுத்தக்கூடிய அறுவை சிகிச்சை முகக்கவசங்கள் போதுமானவை), மென்மையான காகித தாள்கள் மற்றும் கண் சொட்டு மருந்துகளை உடன் வைத்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள். == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == மின்னஞ்சல் அனுப்ப அல்லது மின் புகைப்படங்களைப் பதிவேற்ற பல இணையக் கஃபேக்கள் உள்ளன. சிஃபி ஐவே (Sify Iway), நகரின் பல்வேறு இடங்களில் இணைய (பிராட்பேண்ட் -broadband) இணைப்புகளை வழங்குகிறது. தாஜ் கஃபே (Taj Café) போன்ற பல மலிவு விலை உணவகங்கள், இலவச இணைய (வைஃபை Wi-Fi) வசதியை வழங்குகின்றன. == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == [[File:Fatehpur Sikri near Agra 2016-03 img05.jpg|thumb|பதேபூர் சிக்ரியில் புலந்த் தர்வாசா]] '''பரத்பூர்(Bharatpur)''' ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து சுமார் 56 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இங்கு புகழ்பெற்ற பறவைகள் சரணாலயம் உள்ளது; இதில் சைபீரியக் கொக்குகள் உட்பட ஆயிரக்கணக்கான அரிய வகை பறவைகளைக் காணலாம். பிரிட்டிஷாரின் பல தாக்குதல்களுக்கு மத்தியிலும், லோகாகர் கோட்டை யாராலும் வெல்ல முடியாத ஒன்றாகவே இருந்தது. பரத்பூரிலிருந்து 32 கி.மீ தொலைவில் டீக் அரண்மனை (Deeg Palace) அமைந்துள்ளது. வலிமைமிக்க மற்றும் பிரம்மாண்டமான இந்தக் கோட்டை, பரத்பூர் ஆட்சியாளர்களின் கோடைகால இல்லமாகத் திகழ்ந்தது; இங்கே பல அரண்மனைகளும் தோட்டங்களும் உள்ளன. '''ஃபதேபூர் சிக்ரி(Fatehpur Sikri)''' பேய் நகரம், ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து சுமார் 40 கி.மீ. தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரிய தளமாகும். 16 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் பேரரசர் அக்பரால் கட்டப்பட்ட இந்த "வெற்றியின் நகரம்", ஒரு குறுகிய காலத்திற்கு முகலாயப் பேரரசின் தலைநகராக இருந்தது. பின்னர், உள்ளூர் நீர் விநியோகம் போதுமானதாக இல்லாததாலும், வடமேற்கில் பெருகிவரும் குழப்பத்தில் இருந்த ராஜபுதானா பகுதிகளுக்கு அருகாமையில் இருந்ததாலும் 1586 இல் கைவிடப்பட்டது. இது இந்தியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய மசூதிகளில் ஒன்றான ஜாமா மசூதியையும் உள்ளடக்கியுள்ளது. நன்கு பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட அரண்மனைகள் மற்றும் முற்றங்கள் நிறைந்துள்ள இவ்விடம்,ஆக்ராவுக்குச் செல்லும் எவரும் கண்டிப்பாகப் பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடம் இது. இந்த இடத்தைப் பற்றி முழுமையாக அறிந்துகொள்ள, ஒரு வழிகாட்டியை (இலவச நுழைவுப் பகுதிக்கு 2 மணி நேரத்திற்கு ₹450) அழைத்துக்கொள்வது அல்லது நல்ல வழிகாட்டி கையேடு ஒன்றை வைத்திருப்பது சிறந்தது. மசூதி பகுதிக்குள் (முற்றம் உட்பட) செல்லும்போது காலணிகளைக் கழற்றிவிட வேண்டும். வாகன நிறுத்துமிடம் சுமார் ஒரு கிலோமீட்டர் தொலைவில் உள்ளது; அங்கிருந்து ஆக்ரா மேம்பாட்டு ஆணையம் (ADA) சார்பில், வசதிகள் குறைவான, குளிரூட்டப்படாத பேருந்துகள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. ஒரு நபருக்கு ஒரு வழிப் பயணக் கட்டணம் ₹10 ஆகும். அரண்மனைகள் அமைந்துள்ள கோட்டைப் பகுதிக்குள் நுழைய வெளிநாட்டினருக்குக் கட்டணம் ₹610 ஆகும். [[Wy/ta/மதுரா|ம'''துரா''']]'''(Mathura),''' பகவான் கிருஷ்ணரின் பிறப்பிடமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. மதுராவில் பல அழகான கோயில்கள் உள்ளன; அவற்றில் ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணர் பிறந்த இடத்தில் கட்டப்பட்ட கோயிலும் அடங்கும். '''நந்தகாவ்ன்(Nandgaon)''', ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணரின் வளர்ப்புத் தந்தையான நந்தரின் இருப்பிடமாக இருந்தது. மலையின் உச்சியில் நந்த ராயின் பிரம்மாண்டமான கோயில் அமைந்துள்ளது; இதனை ஹாட் (Hat) வம்சத்தைச் சேர்ந்த ஆட்சியாளர் ரூப் சிங் கட்டினார். இங்கு நரசிங்கர், கோபிநாத், நிருத்ய கோபால், கிரிதாரி, நந்த நந்தன் ஆகியோருக்கு அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட பிற கோயில்களும் உள்ளன; யசோதா நந்தனுக்கான கோயில் மலையின் பாதியளவு உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் மார்ச் மாதவாக்கில், ஹோலி பண்டிகையின் போது நந்தகாவ்ன் மிகுந்த உற்சாகத்துடன் காணப்படுகிறது. அப்போது, ​​புகழ்பெற்ற "லத் மார் ஹோலி" (lath mar holi) நிகழ்வைக் காண்பதற்காக ஏராளமான சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இங்கு வந்து குவிகின்றனர். '''தேசிய சம்பல் சரணாலயம்(National Chambal Sanctuary)''' 70 கி.மீ. தொலைவில் ஒரு இயற்கை சரணாலயமாகும்; இது அழிந்து வரும் இனமான இந்தியக் காரியல் (முதலை இனத்தைச் சேர்ந்தது) மற்றும் கங்கை ஆற்று டால்பின் (இதுவும் அழிந்து வரும் இனமே) ஆகியவற்றின் வாழ்விடமாக உள்ளது. '''பிருந்தாவனம்(Vrindavan)''' என்பது ஆக்ராவிலிருந்து சுமார் 50 கி.மீ தொலைவிலும், [[Wy/ta/மதுரா|மதுரா]]வுக்கு மிக அருகிலும் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு புனிதத் தலமாகும். இங்கு பகவான் கிருஷ்ணருக்கு அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட பல கோயில்கள் உள்ளன; அவற்றில் பாங்கே பிஹாரி கோயில் மற்றும் இஸ்கான் கோயில் ஆகியவை மிகவும் புகழ்பெற்றவை. [[Category:Wy/ta]] evl8ik6iz2xgbn2nd22g83jx0iy0qa2 10 3830697 7386270 7386030 2026-11-09T16:43:30Z Sree1959 2594881 /* பேருத்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து */ விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|}} '''மொழியின் பெயர்''' [[நாட்டில்]] பேசப்படுகின்றது. ==உச்சரிப்பு வழிகாட்டி== ===உயிரெழுத்துகள்=== ===மெய்யெழுத்துகள்=== ===பொதுவான இரு உயிரொலிக் கலவைகள்=== ==சொற்றொடர் பட்டியல்== ===அடிப்படைகள்=== {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பொதுவான அறிகுறிகள்| ; திறந்திருக்கும் : ; மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் : ; நுழைவு : ; வெளியேற்றம் : ; தள்ளுங்கள் : ; இழுங்கள் : ; கழிப்பறை : ; ஆண்கள் : ; பெண்கள் : ; தடைசெய்யப்பட்டது : }} ; வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; வணக்கம். (''முறைசாரா'') : . ('' '') ; நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்? : ? ('' ?'') ; நன்றாக இருக்கிறேன், நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன? : ? ('' ?'') ; என் பெயர் ______ . : ______ . ('' _____ .'') ; உங்களைச் சந்தித்ததில் மகிழ்ச்சி. : . ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து. : . ('' '') ; நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்களுக்கு மிக்க நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; ஆம். : . ('' '') ; இல்லை. : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''கவனத்தை ஈர்த்தல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''மன்னிப்பு வேண்டுதல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். : . ('' '') ; விடைபெறுகிறேன்: . ('' '') ; போய் வருகிறேன் (முறைசாரா): . ('' '') ; என்னால் ''மொழியின் பெயர்'' [நன்றாக] பேச முடியாது.: [ ]. ('' [ ]'') ; நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா?: ? ('' ?'') ; இங்கே ஆங்கிலம் பேசும் யாராவது இருக்கிறார்களா? : ? ('' ?'') ; உதவி! : ! ('' !'') ; கவனமாக இருங்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; காலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; மாலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு. : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு (''தூங்குவதற்கு'') : . ('' '') ; எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை. : . ('' '') ; கழிப்பறை எங்கே உள்ளது?? : ? ('' ?'') ===சிக்கல்கள்=== ; என்னைத் தனியாக விட்டுவிடுங்கள். : . ('' .'') ; என்னை தொடாதீர்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; நான் காவலரை அழைக்கிறேன். : . ('' .'') ; காவல்! : ! ('' !'') ; நில்! திருடன்! : ! ! ('' ! !'') ; எனக்கு உங்கள் உதவி வேண்டும். : . ('' .'') ; இது ஒரு அவசர நிலை. : . ('' .'') ; நான் வழி தவறிவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பணப்பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு உடல்நிலை சரியில்லை. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்குக் காயம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு ஒரு மருத்துவர் தேவை. : . ('' .'') ; உங்கள் தொலைபேசியைப் பயன்படுத்தலாமா? : ? ('' ?'') ===எண்கள்=== ; 0 : ('' '') ; 1 : ('' '') ; 2 : ('' '') ; 3 : ('' '') ; 4 : ('' '') ; 5 : ('' '') ; 6 : ('' '') ; 7 : ('' '') ; 8 : ('' '') ; 9 : ('' '') ; 10 : ('' '') ; 11 : ('' '') ; 12 : ('' '') ; 13 : ('' '') ; 14 : ('' '') ; 15 : ('' '') ; 16 : ('' '') ; 17 : ('' '') ; 18 : ('' '') ; 19 : ('' '') ; 20 : ('' '') ; 21 : ('' '') ; 22 : ('' '') ; 23 : ('' '') ; 30 : ('' '') ; 40 : ('' '') ; 50 : ('' '') ; 60 : ('' '') ; 70 : ('' '') ; 80 : ('' '') ; 90 : ('' '') ; 100 : ('' '') ; 200 : ('' '') ; 300 : ('' '') ; 1,000 : ('' '') ; 2,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; எண் _____ (தொடருந்து, பேருந்து போன்றவை.) : ('' '') ; அரை : ('' '') ; குறைவு : ('' '') ; அதிகம் : ('' '') ===நேரம்=== ; இப்பொழுது : ('' '') ; பின்னர் : ('' '') ; முன்பு : ('' '') ; காலை : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் : ('' '') ; மாலை : ('' '') ; இரவு : ('' '') ====கடிகார நேரம்==== ; அதிகாலை ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; அதிகாலை இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நண்பகல் : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நள்ளிரவு : ('' '') ====கால அளவு==== ; _____ நிமிடம் (நிமிடங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மணிநேரம் (மணிநேரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ நாள் (நாட்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ வாரம் (வாரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மாதம் (மாதங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ ஆண்டு (ஆண்டுகள்) : ('' '') ====நாட்கள்==== ; இன்று : ('' '') ; நேற்று : ('' '') ; நாளை : ('' '') ; இந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; கடந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; அடுத்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; ஞாயிறு : ('' '') ; திங்கள் : ('' '') ; செவ்வாய் : ('' '') ; புதன் : ('' '') ; வியாழன் : ('' '') ; வெள்ளி : ('' '') ; சனி : ('' '') ====மாதங்கள்==== <!--இமொழி பேசுபவர்கள் கிரிகோரியன் நாட்காட்டியைத் தவிர வேறு நாட்காட்டியைப் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தினால், அதை இங்கே விளக்கி, அதன் மாதங்களைப் பட்டியலிடவும். உதாரணத்திற்கு [[எபிரேய சொற்றொடர்நூல்]]-ஐப் பார்க்கவும்.--> ; சனவரி : ('' '') ; பெப்ருவரி : ('' '') ; மார்சு : ('' '') ; ஏப்ரில் : ('' '') ; மே : ('' '') ; சூன் : ('' '') ; சூலை : ('' '') ; ஆகத்து : ('' '') ; செப்தம்பர் : ('' '') ; அக்டோபர் : ('' '') ; நவம்பர் : ('' '') ; திசம்பர் : ('' '') ====நேரத்தையும் தேதியையும் எழுதுதல்==== <!--Give some examples how to write clock times and dates if it differs from English.--> ===வண்ணங்கள்=== ; கருப்பு : ('' '') ; வெள்ளை : ('' '') ; சாம்பல் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு : ('' '') ; நீலம் : ('' '') ; மஞ்சள் : ('' '') ; பச்சை : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு : ('' '') ; ஊதா : ('' '') ; பழுப்பு : ('' '') ===போக்குவரத்து=== ====பேருத்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து==== ; _____ செல்வதற்கான பயணச்சீட்டுக் கட்டணம் எவ்வளவு? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கு ஒரு பயணச்சீட்டு கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே செல்கிறது? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே உள்ளது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-இல் நிற்குமா? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எப்போது புறப்படுகிறது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-க்கு எப்போது வந்து சேரும்? : ('' '') ====திசைகள்==== ; How do I get to _____ ? : ('' '') ; ...the train station? : ('' '') ; ...the bus station? : ('' '') ; ...the airport? : ('' '') ; ...downtown? : ('' '') ; ...the youth hostel? : ('' '') ; ...the _____ hotel? : ('' '') ; ...the American/Canadian/Australian/British consulate? : ('' '') ; Where are there a lot of... : ('' '') ; ...hotels? : ('' '') ; ...restaurants? : ('' '') ; ...bars? : ('' '') ; ...sites to see? : ('' '') ; Can you show me on the map? : ('' '') ; street : ('' '') ; Turn left. : ('' '') ; Turn right. : ('' '') ; left : ('' '') ; right : ('' '') ; straight ahead : ('' '') ; towards the _____ : ('' '') ; past the _____ : ('' '') ; before the _____ : ('' '') ; Watch for the _____. : ('' '') ; intersection : ('' '') ; north : ('' '') ; south : ('' '') ; east : ('' '') ; west : ('' '') ; uphill : ('' '') ; downhill : ('' '') ====வாடகை வண்டி==== ; Taxi! : ('' '') ; Take me to _____, please. : ('' '') ; How much does it cost to get to _____? : ('' '') ; Take me there, please. : ('' '') ===தங்குதல்=== ; Do you have any rooms available? : ('' '') ; How much is a room for one person/two people? : ('' '') ; Does the room come with... : ('' '') ; ...bedsheets? : ('' '') ; ...a bathroom? : ('' '') ; ...a telephone? : ('' '') ; ...a TV? : ('' '') ; May I see the room first? : ('' '') ; Do you have anything quieter? : ('' '') ; ...bigger? : ('' '') ; ...cleaner? : ('' '') ; ...cheaper? : ('' '') ; OK, I'll take it. : ('' '') ; I will stay for _____ night(s). : ('' '') ; Can you suggest another hotel? : ('' '') ; Do you have a safe? : ('' '') ; ...lockers? : ('' '') ; Is breakfast/supper included? : ('' '') ; What time is breakfast/supper? : ('' '') ; Please clean my room. : ('' '') ; Can you wake me at _____? : ('' '') ; I want to check out. : ('' '') ===பணம்=== ; Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars? : ('' '') ; Do you accept British pounds? : ('' '') ; Do you accept Euros? : ('' '') ; Do you accept credit cards? : ('' '') ; Can you change money for me? : ('' '') ; Where can I get money changed? : ('' '') ; Can you change a traveler's check for me? : ('' '') ; Where can I get a traveler's check changed? : ('' '') ; What is the exchange rate? : ('' '') ; Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? : ('' '') ===உண்ணுதல்=== ; A table for one person/two people, please. : ('' '') ; Can I look at the menu, please? : ('' '') ; Can I look in the kitchen? : ('' '') ; Is there a house specialty? : ('' '') ; Is there a local specialty? : ('' '') ; I'm a vegetarian. : ('' '') ; I don't eat pork. : ('' '') ; I don't eat beef. : ('' '') ; I only eat kosher food. : ('' '') ; Can you make it "lite", please? (''less oil/butter/lard'') : ('' '') ; fixed-price meal : ('' '') ; a la carte : ('' '') ; breakfast : ('' '') ; lunch : ('' '') ; tea (''meal'') : ('' '') ; supper : ('' '') ; I want _____. : ('' '') ; I want a dish containing _____. : ('' '') ; chicken : ('' '') ; beef : ('' '') ; fish : ('' '') ; ham : ('' '') ; sausage : ('' '') ; cheese : ('' '') ; eggs : ('' '') ; salad : ('' '') ; (fresh) vegetables : ('' '') ; (fresh) fruit : ('' '') ; bread : ('' '') ; toast : ('' '') ; noodles : ('' '') ; rice : ('' '') ; beans : ('' '') ; May I have a glass of _____? : ('' '') ; May I have a cup of _____? : ('' '') ; May I have a bottle of _____? : ('' '') ; coffee : ('' '') ; tea (''drink'') : ('' '') ; juice : ('' '') ; (bubbly) water : ('' '') ; (still) water : ('' '') ; beer : ('' '') ; red/white wine : ('' '') ; May I have some _____? : ('' '') ; salt : ('' '') ; black pepper : ('' '') ; butter : ('' '') ; Excuse me, waiter? (''getting attention of server''): ('' '') ; I'm finished. : ('' '') ; It was delicious. : ('' '') ; Please clear the plates. : ('' '') ; The check, please. : ('' '') ===மதுசாலைகள்=== ; Do you serve alcohol? : ('' '') ; Is there table service? : ('' '') ; A beer/two beers, please. : ('' '') ; A glass of red/white wine, please. : ('' '') ; A pint, please. : ('' '') ; A bottle, please. : ('' '') ; _____ (''hard liquor'') and _____ (''mixer''), please. : ('' '') ; whiskey : ('' '') ; vodka : ('' '') ; rum : ('' '') ; water : ('' '') ; club soda : ('' '') ; tonic water : ('' '') ; orange juice : ('' '') ; Coke (''soda'') : ('' '') ; Do you have any bar snacks? : ('' '') ; One more, please. : ('' '') ; Another round, please. : ('' '') ; When is closing time? : ('' '') ; Cheers! : ('' '') ===கடைவலம்=== ; Do you have this in my size? : ('' '') ; How much is this? : ('' '') ; That's too expensive. : ('' '') ; Would you take _____? : ('' '') ; expensive : ('' '') ; cheap : ('' '') ; I can't afford it. : ('' '') ; I don't want it. : ('' '') ; You're cheating me. : ('' '') ; I'm not interested. : (..) ; OK, I'll take it. : ('' '') ; Can I have a bag? : ('' '') ; Do you ship (overseas)? : ('' '') ; I need... : ('' '') ; ...toothpaste. : ('' '') ; ...a toothbrush. : ('' '') ; ...tampons. : . ('' '') ; ...soap. : ('' '') ; ...shampoo. : ('' '') ; ...pain reliever. (''e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen'') : ('' '') ; ...cold medicine. : ('' '') ; ...stomach medicine. : ... ('' '') ; ...a razor. : ('' '') ; ...an umbrella. : ('' '') ; ...sunblock lotion. : ('' '') ; ...a postcard. : ('' '') ; ...postage stamps. : ('' '') ; ...batteries. : ('' '') ; ...writing paper. : ('' '') ; ...a pen. : ('' '') ; ...English-language books. : ('' '') ; ...English-language magazines. : ('' '') ; ...an English-language newspaper. : ('' '') ; ...an English-English dictionary. : ('' '') ===வாகனம் ஓட்டுதல்=== ; I want to rent a car. : ('' '') ; Can I get insurance? : ('' '') ; stop (''on a street sign'') : ('' '') ; one way : ('' '') ; yield : ('' '') ; no parking : ('' '') ; speed limit : ('' '') ; gas (''petrol'') station : ('' '') ; petrol : ('' '') ; diesel : ('' '') ===அதிகாரம்=== ; I haven't done anything wrong. : ('' '') ; It was a misunderstanding. : ('' '') ; Where are you taking me? : ('' '') ; Am I under arrest? : ('' '') ; I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to a lawyer. : ('' '') ; Can I just pay a fine now? : ('' '') {{Wy/ta/Outlinephrasebook}} {{Wy/ta/Phrasebookguide}} {{Wy/ta/WikivoyageDoc|help}} [[Category:Wy/ta/Article skeleton templates]] r5n16o8y1ffppyd8v55ipf64zuclahe 7386272 7386270 2026-11-09T16:45:58Z Sree1959 2594881 /* திசைகள் */ விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|}} '''மொழியின் பெயர்''' [[நாட்டில்]] பேசப்படுகின்றது. ==உச்சரிப்பு வழிகாட்டி== ===உயிரெழுத்துகள்=== ===மெய்யெழுத்துகள்=== ===பொதுவான இரு உயிரொலிக் கலவைகள்=== ==சொற்றொடர் பட்டியல்== ===அடிப்படைகள்=== {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பொதுவான அறிகுறிகள்| ; திறந்திருக்கும் : ; மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் : ; நுழைவு : ; வெளியேற்றம் : ; தள்ளுங்கள் : ; இழுங்கள் : ; கழிப்பறை : ; ஆண்கள் : ; பெண்கள் : ; தடைசெய்யப்பட்டது : }} ; வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; வணக்கம். (''முறைசாரா'') : . ('' '') ; நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்? : ? ('' ?'') ; நன்றாக இருக்கிறேன், நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன? : ? ('' ?'') ; என் பெயர் ______ . : ______ . ('' _____ .'') ; உங்களைச் சந்தித்ததில் மகிழ்ச்சி. : . ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து. : . ('' '') ; நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்களுக்கு மிக்க நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; ஆம். : . ('' '') ; இல்லை. : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''கவனத்தை ஈர்த்தல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''மன்னிப்பு வேண்டுதல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். : . ('' '') ; விடைபெறுகிறேன்: . ('' '') ; போய் வருகிறேன் (முறைசாரா): . ('' '') ; என்னால் ''மொழியின் பெயர்'' [நன்றாக] பேச முடியாது.: [ ]. ('' [ ]'') ; நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா?: ? ('' ?'') ; இங்கே ஆங்கிலம் பேசும் யாராவது இருக்கிறார்களா? : ? ('' ?'') ; உதவி! : ! ('' !'') ; கவனமாக இருங்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; காலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; மாலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு. : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு (''தூங்குவதற்கு'') : . ('' '') ; எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை. : . ('' '') ; கழிப்பறை எங்கே உள்ளது?? : ? ('' ?'') ===சிக்கல்கள்=== ; என்னைத் தனியாக விட்டுவிடுங்கள். : . ('' .'') ; என்னை தொடாதீர்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; நான் காவலரை அழைக்கிறேன். : . ('' .'') ; காவல்! : ! ('' !'') ; நில்! திருடன்! : ! ! ('' ! !'') ; எனக்கு உங்கள் உதவி வேண்டும். : . ('' .'') ; இது ஒரு அவசர நிலை. : . ('' .'') ; நான் வழி தவறிவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பணப்பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு உடல்நிலை சரியில்லை. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்குக் காயம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு ஒரு மருத்துவர் தேவை. : . ('' .'') ; உங்கள் தொலைபேசியைப் பயன்படுத்தலாமா? : ? ('' ?'') ===எண்கள்=== ; 0 : ('' '') ; 1 : ('' '') ; 2 : ('' '') ; 3 : ('' '') ; 4 : ('' '') ; 5 : ('' '') ; 6 : ('' '') ; 7 : ('' '') ; 8 : ('' '') ; 9 : ('' '') ; 10 : ('' '') ; 11 : ('' '') ; 12 : ('' '') ; 13 : ('' '') ; 14 : ('' '') ; 15 : ('' '') ; 16 : ('' '') ; 17 : ('' '') ; 18 : ('' '') ; 19 : ('' '') ; 20 : ('' '') ; 21 : ('' '') ; 22 : ('' '') ; 23 : ('' '') ; 30 : ('' '') ; 40 : ('' '') ; 50 : ('' '') ; 60 : ('' '') ; 70 : ('' '') ; 80 : ('' '') ; 90 : ('' '') ; 100 : ('' '') ; 200 : ('' '') ; 300 : ('' '') ; 1,000 : ('' '') ; 2,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; எண் _____ (தொடருந்து, பேருந்து போன்றவை.) : ('' '') ; அரை : ('' '') ; குறைவு : ('' '') ; அதிகம் : ('' '') ===நேரம்=== ; இப்பொழுது : ('' '') ; பின்னர் : ('' '') ; முன்பு : ('' '') ; காலை : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் : ('' '') ; மாலை : ('' '') ; இரவு : ('' '') ====கடிகார நேரம்==== ; அதிகாலை ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; அதிகாலை இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நண்பகல் : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நள்ளிரவு : ('' '') ====கால அளவு==== ; _____ நிமிடம் (நிமிடங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மணிநேரம் (மணிநேரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ நாள் (நாட்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ வாரம் (வாரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மாதம் (மாதங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ ஆண்டு (ஆண்டுகள்) : ('' '') ====நாட்கள்==== ; இன்று : ('' '') ; நேற்று : ('' '') ; நாளை : ('' '') ; இந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; கடந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; அடுத்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; ஞாயிறு : ('' '') ; திங்கள் : ('' '') ; செவ்வாய் : ('' '') ; புதன் : ('' '') ; வியாழன் : ('' '') ; வெள்ளி : ('' '') ; சனி : ('' '') ====மாதங்கள்==== <!--இமொழி பேசுபவர்கள் கிரிகோரியன் நாட்காட்டியைத் தவிர வேறு நாட்காட்டியைப் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தினால், அதை இங்கே விளக்கி, அதன் மாதங்களைப் பட்டியலிடவும். உதாரணத்திற்கு [[எபிரேய சொற்றொடர்நூல்]]-ஐப் பார்க்கவும்.--> ; சனவரி : ('' '') ; பெப்ருவரி : ('' '') ; மார்சு : ('' '') ; ஏப்ரில் : ('' '') ; மே : ('' '') ; சூன் : ('' '') ; சூலை : ('' '') ; ஆகத்து : ('' '') ; செப்தம்பர் : ('' '') ; அக்டோபர் : ('' '') ; நவம்பர் : ('' '') ; திசம்பர் : ('' '') ====நேரத்தையும் தேதியையும் எழுதுதல்==== <!--Give some examples how to write clock times and dates if it differs from English.--> ===வண்ணங்கள்=== ; கருப்பு : ('' '') ; வெள்ளை : ('' '') ; சாம்பல் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு : ('' '') ; நீலம் : ('' '') ; மஞ்சள் : ('' '') ; பச்சை : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு : ('' '') ; ஊதா : ('' '') ; பழுப்பு : ('' '') ===போக்குவரத்து=== ====பேருத்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து==== ; _____ செல்வதற்கான பயணச்சீட்டுக் கட்டணம் எவ்வளவு? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கு ஒரு பயணச்சீட்டு கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே செல்கிறது? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே உள்ளது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-இல் நிற்குமா? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எப்போது புறப்படுகிறது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-க்கு எப்போது வந்து சேரும்? : ('' '') ====திசைகள்==== ; நான் எப்படி _____ செல்வது? : ('' '') ; ...தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...நகர மையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...இளைஞர் விடுதிக்கு? : ('' '') ; ..._____ ஹோட்டலுக்கு? : ('' '') ; ...அமெரிக்க/கனடிய/ஆத்திரேலிய/பிரித்தானிய தூதரகத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; எங்கே நிறைய _____ உள்ளன? : ('' '') ; ...ஓட்டல்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...உணவகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...மதுக்கூடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; வரைபடத்தில் காட்ட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; தெரு : ('' '') ; இடதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; வலதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; இடது : ('' '') ; வலது : ('' '') ; நேராக : ('' '') ; _____ நோக்கி : ('' '') ; _____ தாண்டி : ('' '') ; _____ முன்பாக : ('' '') ; _____ கவனியுங்கள். : ('' '') ; சந்திப்பு : ('' '') ; வடக்கு : ('' '') ; தெற்கு : ('' '') ; கிழக்கு : ('' '') ; மேற்கு : ('' '') ; மேல்நோக்கி : ('' '') ; கீழ்நோக்கி : ('' '') ====வாடகை வண்டி==== ; Taxi! : ('' '') ; Take me to _____, please. : ('' '') ; How much does it cost to get to _____? : ('' '') ; Take me there, please. : ('' '') ===தங்குதல்=== ; Do you have any rooms available? : ('' '') ; How much is a room for one person/two people? : ('' '') ; Does the room come with... : ('' '') ; ...bedsheets? : ('' '') ; ...a bathroom? : ('' '') ; ...a telephone? : ('' '') ; ...a TV? : ('' '') ; May I see the room first? : ('' '') ; Do you have anything quieter? : ('' '') ; ...bigger? : ('' '') ; ...cleaner? : ('' '') ; ...cheaper? : ('' '') ; OK, I'll take it. : ('' '') ; I will stay for _____ night(s). : ('' '') ; Can you suggest another hotel? : ('' '') ; Do you have a safe? : ('' '') ; ...lockers? : ('' '') ; Is breakfast/supper included? : ('' '') ; What time is breakfast/supper? : ('' '') ; Please clean my room. : ('' '') ; Can you wake me at _____? : ('' '') ; I want to check out. : ('' '') ===பணம்=== ; Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars? : ('' '') ; Do you accept British pounds? : ('' '') ; Do you accept Euros? : ('' '') ; Do you accept credit cards? : ('' '') ; Can you change money for me? : ('' '') ; Where can I get money changed? : ('' '') ; Can you change a traveler's check for me? : ('' '') ; Where can I get a traveler's check changed? : ('' '') ; What is the exchange rate? : ('' '') ; Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? : ('' '') ===உண்ணுதல்=== ; A table for one person/two people, please. : ('' '') ; Can I look at the menu, please? : ('' '') ; Can I look in the kitchen? : ('' '') ; Is there a house specialty? : ('' '') ; Is there a local specialty? : ('' '') ; I'm a vegetarian. : ('' '') ; I don't eat pork. : ('' '') ; I don't eat beef. : ('' '') ; I only eat kosher food. : ('' '') ; Can you make it "lite", please? (''less oil/butter/lard'') : ('' '') ; fixed-price meal : ('' '') ; a la carte : ('' '') ; breakfast : ('' '') ; lunch : ('' '') ; tea (''meal'') : ('' '') ; supper : ('' '') ; I want _____. : ('' '') ; I want a dish containing _____. : ('' '') ; chicken : ('' '') ; beef : ('' '') ; fish : ('' '') ; ham : ('' '') ; sausage : ('' '') ; cheese : ('' '') ; eggs : ('' '') ; salad : ('' '') ; (fresh) vegetables : ('' '') ; (fresh) fruit : ('' '') ; bread : ('' '') ; toast : ('' '') ; noodles : ('' '') ; rice : ('' '') ; beans : ('' '') ; May I have a glass of _____? : ('' '') ; May I have a cup of _____? : ('' '') ; May I have a bottle of _____? : ('' '') ; coffee : ('' '') ; tea (''drink'') : ('' '') ; juice : ('' '') ; (bubbly) water : ('' '') ; (still) water : ('' '') ; beer : ('' '') ; red/white wine : ('' '') ; May I have some _____? : ('' '') ; salt : ('' '') ; black pepper : ('' '') ; butter : ('' '') ; Excuse me, waiter? (''getting attention of server''): ('' '') ; I'm finished. : ('' '') ; It was delicious. : ('' '') ; Please clear the plates. : ('' '') ; The check, please. : ('' '') ===மதுசாலைகள்=== ; Do you serve alcohol? : ('' '') ; Is there table service? : ('' '') ; A beer/two beers, please. : ('' '') ; A glass of red/white wine, please. : ('' '') ; A pint, please. : ('' '') ; A bottle, please. : ('' '') ; _____ (''hard liquor'') and _____ (''mixer''), please. : ('' '') ; whiskey : ('' '') ; vodka : ('' '') ; rum : ('' '') ; water : ('' '') ; club soda : ('' '') ; tonic water : ('' '') ; orange juice : ('' '') ; Coke (''soda'') : ('' '') ; Do you have any bar snacks? : ('' '') ; One more, please. : ('' '') ; Another round, please. : ('' '') ; When is closing time? : ('' '') ; Cheers! : ('' '') ===கடைவலம்=== ; Do you have this in my size? : ('' '') ; How much is this? : ('' '') ; That's too expensive. : ('' '') ; Would you take _____? : ('' '') ; expensive : ('' '') ; cheap : ('' '') ; I can't afford it. : ('' '') ; I don't want it. : ('' '') ; You're cheating me. : ('' '') ; I'm not interested. : (..) ; OK, I'll take it. : ('' '') ; Can I have a bag? : ('' '') ; Do you ship (overseas)? : ('' '') ; I need... : ('' '') ; ...toothpaste. : ('' '') ; ...a toothbrush. : ('' '') ; ...tampons. : . ('' '') ; ...soap. : ('' '') ; ...shampoo. : ('' '') ; ...pain reliever. (''e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen'') : ('' '') ; ...cold medicine. : ('' '') ; ...stomach medicine. : ... ('' '') ; ...a razor. : ('' '') ; ...an umbrella. : ('' '') ; ...sunblock lotion. : ('' '') ; ...a postcard. : ('' '') ; ...postage stamps. : ('' '') ; ...batteries. : ('' '') ; ...writing paper. : ('' '') ; ...a pen. : ('' '') ; ...English-language books. : ('' '') ; ...English-language magazines. : ('' '') ; ...an English-language newspaper. : ('' '') ; ...an English-English dictionary. : ('' '') ===வாகனம் ஓட்டுதல்=== ; I want to rent a car. : ('' '') ; Can I get insurance? : ('' '') ; stop (''on a street sign'') : ('' '') ; one way : ('' '') ; yield : ('' '') ; no parking : ('' '') ; speed limit : ('' '') ; gas (''petrol'') station : ('' '') ; petrol : ('' '') ; diesel : ('' '') ===அதிகாரம்=== ; I haven't done anything wrong. : ('' '') ; It was a misunderstanding. : ('' '') ; Where are you taking me? : ('' '') ; Am I under arrest? : ('' '') ; I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to a lawyer. : ('' '') ; Can I just pay a fine now? : ('' '') {{Wy/ta/Outlinephrasebook}} {{Wy/ta/Phrasebookguide}} {{Wy/ta/WikivoyageDoc|help}} [[Category:Wy/ta/Article skeleton templates]] sbwvrd7ev2nzup0uthfkkfhhp1jvaky 7386275 7386272 2026-11-09T16:50:07Z Sree1959 2594881 /* தங்குதல் */ விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|}} '''மொழியின் பெயர்''' [[நாட்டில்]] பேசப்படுகின்றது. ==உச்சரிப்பு வழிகாட்டி== ===உயிரெழுத்துகள்=== ===மெய்யெழுத்துகள்=== ===பொதுவான இரு உயிரொலிக் கலவைகள்=== ==சொற்றொடர் பட்டியல்== ===அடிப்படைகள்=== {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பொதுவான அறிகுறிகள்| ; திறந்திருக்கும் : ; மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் : ; நுழைவு : ; வெளியேற்றம் : ; தள்ளுங்கள் : ; இழுங்கள் : ; கழிப்பறை : ; ஆண்கள் : ; பெண்கள் : ; தடைசெய்யப்பட்டது : }} ; வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; வணக்கம். (''முறைசாரா'') : . ('' '') ; நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்? : ? ('' ?'') ; நன்றாக இருக்கிறேன், நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன? : ? ('' ?'') ; என் பெயர் ______ . : ______ . ('' _____ .'') ; உங்களைச் சந்தித்ததில் மகிழ்ச்சி. : . ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து. : . ('' '') ; நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்களுக்கு மிக்க நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; ஆம். : . ('' '') ; இல்லை. : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''கவனத்தை ஈர்த்தல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''மன்னிப்பு வேண்டுதல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். : . ('' '') ; விடைபெறுகிறேன்: . ('' '') ; போய் வருகிறேன் (முறைசாரா): . ('' '') ; என்னால் ''மொழியின் பெயர்'' [நன்றாக] பேச முடியாது.: [ ]. ('' [ ]'') ; நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா?: ? ('' ?'') ; இங்கே ஆங்கிலம் பேசும் யாராவது இருக்கிறார்களா? : ? ('' ?'') ; உதவி! : ! ('' !'') ; கவனமாக இருங்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; காலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; மாலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு. : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு (''தூங்குவதற்கு'') : . ('' '') ; எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை. : . ('' '') ; கழிப்பறை எங்கே உள்ளது?? : ? ('' ?'') ===சிக்கல்கள்=== ; என்னைத் தனியாக விட்டுவிடுங்கள். : . ('' .'') ; என்னை தொடாதீர்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; நான் காவலரை அழைக்கிறேன். : . ('' .'') ; காவல்! : ! ('' !'') ; நில்! திருடன்! : ! ! ('' ! !'') ; எனக்கு உங்கள் உதவி வேண்டும். : . ('' .'') ; இது ஒரு அவசர நிலை. : . ('' .'') ; நான் வழி தவறிவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பணப்பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு உடல்நிலை சரியில்லை. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்குக் காயம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு ஒரு மருத்துவர் தேவை. : . ('' .'') ; உங்கள் தொலைபேசியைப் பயன்படுத்தலாமா? : ? ('' ?'') ===எண்கள்=== ; 0 : ('' '') ; 1 : ('' '') ; 2 : ('' '') ; 3 : ('' '') ; 4 : ('' '') ; 5 : ('' '') ; 6 : ('' '') ; 7 : ('' '') ; 8 : ('' '') ; 9 : ('' '') ; 10 : ('' '') ; 11 : ('' '') ; 12 : ('' '') ; 13 : ('' '') ; 14 : ('' '') ; 15 : ('' '') ; 16 : ('' '') ; 17 : ('' '') ; 18 : ('' '') ; 19 : ('' '') ; 20 : ('' '') ; 21 : ('' '') ; 22 : ('' '') ; 23 : ('' '') ; 30 : ('' '') ; 40 : ('' '') ; 50 : ('' '') ; 60 : ('' '') ; 70 : ('' '') ; 80 : ('' '') ; 90 : ('' '') ; 100 : ('' '') ; 200 : ('' '') ; 300 : ('' '') ; 1,000 : ('' '') ; 2,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; எண் _____ (தொடருந்து, பேருந்து போன்றவை.) : ('' '') ; அரை : ('' '') ; குறைவு : ('' '') ; அதிகம் : ('' '') ===நேரம்=== ; இப்பொழுது : ('' '') ; பின்னர் : ('' '') ; முன்பு : ('' '') ; காலை : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் : ('' '') ; மாலை : ('' '') ; இரவு : ('' '') ====கடிகார நேரம்==== ; அதிகாலை ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; அதிகாலை இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நண்பகல் : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நள்ளிரவு : ('' '') ====கால அளவு==== ; _____ நிமிடம் (நிமிடங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மணிநேரம் (மணிநேரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ நாள் (நாட்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ வாரம் (வாரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மாதம் (மாதங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ ஆண்டு (ஆண்டுகள்) : ('' '') ====நாட்கள்==== ; இன்று : ('' '') ; நேற்று : ('' '') ; நாளை : ('' '') ; இந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; கடந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; அடுத்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; ஞாயிறு : ('' '') ; திங்கள் : ('' '') ; செவ்வாய் : ('' '') ; புதன் : ('' '') ; வியாழன் : ('' '') ; வெள்ளி : ('' '') ; சனி : ('' '') ====மாதங்கள்==== <!--இமொழி பேசுபவர்கள் கிரிகோரியன் நாட்காட்டியைத் தவிர வேறு நாட்காட்டியைப் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தினால், அதை இங்கே விளக்கி, அதன் மாதங்களைப் பட்டியலிடவும். உதாரணத்திற்கு [[எபிரேய சொற்றொடர்நூல்]]-ஐப் பார்க்கவும்.--> ; சனவரி : ('' '') ; பெப்ருவரி : ('' '') ; மார்சு : ('' '') ; ஏப்ரில் : ('' '') ; மே : ('' '') ; சூன் : ('' '') ; சூலை : ('' '') ; ஆகத்து : ('' '') ; செப்தம்பர் : ('' '') ; அக்டோபர் : ('' '') ; நவம்பர் : ('' '') ; திசம்பர் : ('' '') ====நேரத்தையும் தேதியையும் எழுதுதல்==== <!--Give some examples how to write clock times and dates if it differs from English.--> ===வண்ணங்கள்=== ; கருப்பு : ('' '') ; வெள்ளை : ('' '') ; சாம்பல் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு : ('' '') ; நீலம் : ('' '') ; மஞ்சள் : ('' '') ; பச்சை : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு : ('' '') ; ஊதா : ('' '') ; பழுப்பு : ('' '') ===போக்குவரத்து=== ====பேருத்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து==== ; _____ செல்வதற்கான பயணச்சீட்டுக் கட்டணம் எவ்வளவு? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கு ஒரு பயணச்சீட்டு கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே செல்கிறது? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே உள்ளது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-இல் நிற்குமா? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எப்போது புறப்படுகிறது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-க்கு எப்போது வந்து சேரும்? : ('' '') ====திசைகள்==== ; நான் எப்படி _____ செல்வது? : ('' '') ; ...தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...நகர மையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...இளைஞர் விடுதிக்கு? : ('' '') ; ..._____ ஹோட்டலுக்கு? : ('' '') ; ...அமெரிக்க/கனடிய/ஆத்திரேலிய/பிரித்தானிய தூதரகத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; எங்கே நிறைய _____ உள்ளன? : ('' '') ; ...ஓட்டல்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...உணவகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...மதுக்கூடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; வரைபடத்தில் காட்ட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; தெரு : ('' '') ; இடதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; வலதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; இடது : ('' '') ; வலது : ('' '') ; நேராக : ('' '') ; _____ நோக்கி : ('' '') ; _____ தாண்டி : ('' '') ; _____ முன்பாக : ('' '') ; _____ கவனியுங்கள். : ('' '') ; சந்திப்பு : ('' '') ; வடக்கு : ('' '') ; தெற்கு : ('' '') ; கிழக்கு : ('' '') ; மேற்கு : ('' '') ; மேல்நோக்கி : ('' '') ; கீழ்நோக்கி : ('' '') ====வாடகை வண்டி==== ; Taxi! : ('' '') ; Take me to _____, please. : ('' '') ; How much does it cost to get to _____? : ('' '') ; Take me there, please. : ('' '') ===தங்குதல்=== ; அறைகள் ஏதேனும் காலியாக உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு நபருக்கு/இரு நபர்களுக்கு ஒரு அறையின் வாடகை என்ன? : ('' '') ; இந்த அறையில் ... வசதிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ... படுக்கை விரிப்புகள்? : ('' '') ; ... குளியலறை? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைபேசி? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைக்காட்சி? : ('' '') ; அறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் அமைதியான அறை ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் பெரிய அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் சுத்தமான அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் மலிவான அறை? : ('' '') ; சரி, நான் இந்த அறையை எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறேன். : ('' '') ; நான் _____ இரவு(கள்) தங்கப்போகிறேன். : ('' '') ; வேறு ஏதேனும் ஓட்டலைப் பரிந்துரைக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகம் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு வாடகையில் அடங்குமா? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு எந்த நேரத்தில் பரிமாறப்படும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என் அறையைச் சுத்தம் செய்யுங்கள். : ('' '') ; என்னை _____ மணிக்கு எழுப்பிவிட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் ஓட்டலிலிருந்து கிளம்ப விரும்புகிறேன் (கணக்கை முடித்துக்கொள்ள விரும்புகிறேன்). : ('' '') ===பணம்=== ; Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars? : ('' '') ; Do you accept British pounds? : ('' '') ; Do you accept Euros? : ('' '') ; Do you accept credit cards? : ('' '') ; Can you change money for me? : ('' '') ; Where can I get money changed? : ('' '') ; Can you change a traveler's check for me? : ('' '') ; Where can I get a traveler's check changed? : ('' '') ; What is the exchange rate? : ('' '') ; Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? : ('' '') ===உண்ணுதல்=== ; A table for one person/two people, please. : ('' '') ; Can I look at the menu, please? : ('' '') ; Can I look in the kitchen? : ('' '') ; Is there a house specialty? : ('' '') ; Is there a local specialty? : ('' '') ; I'm a vegetarian. : ('' '') ; I don't eat pork. : ('' '') ; I don't eat beef. : ('' '') ; I only eat kosher food. : ('' '') ; Can you make it "lite", please? (''less oil/butter/lard'') : ('' '') ; fixed-price meal : ('' '') ; a la carte : ('' '') ; breakfast : ('' '') ; lunch : ('' '') ; tea (''meal'') : ('' '') ; supper : ('' '') ; I want _____. : ('' '') ; I want a dish containing _____. : ('' '') ; chicken : ('' '') ; beef : ('' '') ; fish : ('' '') ; ham : ('' '') ; sausage : ('' '') ; cheese : ('' '') ; eggs : ('' '') ; salad : ('' '') ; (fresh) vegetables : ('' '') ; (fresh) fruit : ('' '') ; bread : ('' '') ; toast : ('' '') ; noodles : ('' '') ; rice : ('' '') ; beans : ('' '') ; May I have a glass of _____? : ('' '') ; May I have a cup of _____? : ('' '') ; May I have a bottle of _____? : ('' '') ; coffee : ('' '') ; tea (''drink'') : ('' '') ; juice : ('' '') ; (bubbly) water : ('' '') ; (still) water : ('' '') ; beer : ('' '') ; red/white wine : ('' '') ; May I have some _____? : ('' '') ; salt : ('' '') ; black pepper : ('' '') ; butter : ('' '') ; Excuse me, waiter? (''getting attention of server''): ('' '') ; I'm finished. : ('' '') ; It was delicious. : ('' '') ; Please clear the plates. : ('' '') ; The check, please. : ('' '') ===மதுசாலைகள்=== ; Do you serve alcohol? : ('' '') ; Is there table service? : ('' '') ; A beer/two beers, please. : ('' '') ; A glass of red/white wine, please. : ('' '') ; A pint, please. : ('' '') ; A bottle, please. : ('' '') ; _____ (''hard liquor'') and _____ (''mixer''), please. : ('' '') ; whiskey : ('' '') ; vodka : ('' '') ; rum : ('' '') ; water : ('' '') ; club soda : ('' '') ; tonic water : ('' '') ; orange juice : ('' '') ; Coke (''soda'') : ('' '') ; Do you have any bar snacks? : ('' '') ; One more, please. : ('' '') ; Another round, please. : ('' '') ; When is closing time? : ('' '') ; Cheers! : ('' '') ===கடைவலம்=== ; Do you have this in my size? : ('' '') ; How much is this? : ('' '') ; That's too expensive. : ('' '') ; Would you take _____? : ('' '') ; expensive : ('' '') ; cheap : ('' '') ; I can't afford it. : ('' '') ; I don't want it. : ('' '') ; You're cheating me. : ('' '') ; I'm not interested. : (..) ; OK, I'll take it. : ('' '') ; Can I have a bag? : ('' '') ; Do you ship (overseas)? : ('' '') ; I need... : ('' '') ; ...toothpaste. : ('' '') ; ...a toothbrush. : ('' '') ; ...tampons. : . ('' '') ; ...soap. : ('' '') ; ...shampoo. : ('' '') ; ...pain reliever. (''e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen'') : ('' '') ; ...cold medicine. : ('' '') ; ...stomach medicine. : ... ('' '') ; ...a razor. : ('' '') ; ...an umbrella. : ('' '') ; ...sunblock lotion. : ('' '') ; ...a postcard. : ('' '') ; ...postage stamps. : ('' '') ; ...batteries. : ('' '') ; ...writing paper. : ('' '') ; ...a pen. : ('' '') ; ...English-language books. : ('' '') ; ...English-language magazines. : ('' '') ; ...an English-language newspaper. : ('' '') ; ...an English-English dictionary. : ('' '') ===வாகனம் ஓட்டுதல்=== ; I want to rent a car. : ('' '') ; Can I get insurance? : ('' '') ; stop (''on a street sign'') : ('' '') ; one way : ('' '') ; yield : ('' '') ; no parking : ('' '') ; speed limit : ('' '') ; gas (''petrol'') station : ('' '') ; petrol : ('' '') ; diesel : ('' '') ===அதிகாரம்=== ; I haven't done anything wrong. : ('' '') ; It was a misunderstanding. : ('' '') ; Where are you taking me? : ('' '') ; Am I under arrest? : ('' '') ; I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to a lawyer. : ('' '') ; Can I just pay a fine now? : ('' '') {{Wy/ta/Outlinephrasebook}} {{Wy/ta/Phrasebookguide}} {{Wy/ta/WikivoyageDoc|help}} [[Category:Wy/ta/Article skeleton templates]] oc3pu3eym0on7x92ba37g98ufxd7cd7 7386276 7386275 2026-11-09T16:51:43Z Sree1959 2594881 /* வாடகை வண்டி */ விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|}} '''மொழியின் பெயர்''' [[நாட்டில்]] பேசப்படுகின்றது. ==உச்சரிப்பு வழிகாட்டி== ===உயிரெழுத்துகள்=== ===மெய்யெழுத்துகள்=== ===பொதுவான இரு உயிரொலிக் கலவைகள்=== ==சொற்றொடர் பட்டியல்== ===அடிப்படைகள்=== {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பொதுவான அறிகுறிகள்| ; திறந்திருக்கும் : ; மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் : ; நுழைவு : ; வெளியேற்றம் : ; தள்ளுங்கள் : ; இழுங்கள் : ; கழிப்பறை : ; ஆண்கள் : ; பெண்கள் : ; தடைசெய்யப்பட்டது : }} ; வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; வணக்கம். (''முறைசாரா'') : . ('' '') ; நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்? : ? ('' ?'') ; நன்றாக இருக்கிறேன், நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன? : ? ('' ?'') ; என் பெயர் ______ . : ______ . ('' _____ .'') ; உங்களைச் சந்தித்ததில் மகிழ்ச்சி. : . ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து. : . ('' '') ; நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்களுக்கு மிக்க நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; ஆம். : . ('' '') ; இல்லை. : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''கவனத்தை ஈர்த்தல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''மன்னிப்பு வேண்டுதல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். : . ('' '') ; விடைபெறுகிறேன்: . ('' '') ; போய் வருகிறேன் (முறைசாரா): . ('' '') ; என்னால் ''மொழியின் பெயர்'' [நன்றாக] பேச முடியாது.: [ ]. ('' [ ]'') ; நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா?: ? ('' ?'') ; இங்கே ஆங்கிலம் பேசும் யாராவது இருக்கிறார்களா? : ? ('' ?'') ; உதவி! : ! ('' !'') ; கவனமாக இருங்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; காலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; மாலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு. : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு (''தூங்குவதற்கு'') : . ('' '') ; எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை. : . ('' '') ; கழிப்பறை எங்கே உள்ளது?? : ? ('' ?'') ===சிக்கல்கள்=== ; என்னைத் தனியாக விட்டுவிடுங்கள். : . ('' .'') ; என்னை தொடாதீர்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; நான் காவலரை அழைக்கிறேன். : . ('' .'') ; காவல்! : ! ('' !'') ; நில்! திருடன்! : ! ! ('' ! !'') ; எனக்கு உங்கள் உதவி வேண்டும். : . ('' .'') ; இது ஒரு அவசர நிலை. : . ('' .'') ; நான் வழி தவறிவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பணப்பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு உடல்நிலை சரியில்லை. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்குக் காயம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு ஒரு மருத்துவர் தேவை. : . ('' .'') ; உங்கள் தொலைபேசியைப் பயன்படுத்தலாமா? : ? ('' ?'') ===எண்கள்=== ; 0 : ('' '') ; 1 : ('' '') ; 2 : ('' '') ; 3 : ('' '') ; 4 : ('' '') ; 5 : ('' '') ; 6 : ('' '') ; 7 : ('' '') ; 8 : ('' '') ; 9 : ('' '') ; 10 : ('' '') ; 11 : ('' '') ; 12 : ('' '') ; 13 : ('' '') ; 14 : ('' '') ; 15 : ('' '') ; 16 : ('' '') ; 17 : ('' '') ; 18 : ('' '') ; 19 : ('' '') ; 20 : ('' '') ; 21 : ('' '') ; 22 : ('' '') ; 23 : ('' '') ; 30 : ('' '') ; 40 : ('' '') ; 50 : ('' '') ; 60 : ('' '') ; 70 : ('' '') ; 80 : ('' '') ; 90 : ('' '') ; 100 : ('' '') ; 200 : ('' '') ; 300 : ('' '') ; 1,000 : ('' '') ; 2,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; எண் _____ (தொடருந்து, பேருந்து போன்றவை.) : ('' '') ; அரை : ('' '') ; குறைவு : ('' '') ; அதிகம் : ('' '') ===நேரம்=== ; இப்பொழுது : ('' '') ; பின்னர் : ('' '') ; முன்பு : ('' '') ; காலை : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் : ('' '') ; மாலை : ('' '') ; இரவு : ('' '') ====கடிகார நேரம்==== ; அதிகாலை ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; அதிகாலை இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நண்பகல் : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நள்ளிரவு : ('' '') ====கால அளவு==== ; _____ நிமிடம் (நிமிடங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மணிநேரம் (மணிநேரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ நாள் (நாட்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ வாரம் (வாரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மாதம் (மாதங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ ஆண்டு (ஆண்டுகள்) : ('' '') ====நாட்கள்==== ; இன்று : ('' '') ; நேற்று : ('' '') ; நாளை : ('' '') ; இந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; கடந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; அடுத்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; ஞாயிறு : ('' '') ; திங்கள் : ('' '') ; செவ்வாய் : ('' '') ; புதன் : ('' '') ; வியாழன் : ('' '') ; வெள்ளி : ('' '') ; சனி : ('' '') ====மாதங்கள்==== <!--இமொழி பேசுபவர்கள் கிரிகோரியன் நாட்காட்டியைத் தவிர வேறு நாட்காட்டியைப் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தினால், அதை இங்கே விளக்கி, அதன் மாதங்களைப் பட்டியலிடவும். உதாரணத்திற்கு [[எபிரேய சொற்றொடர்நூல்]]-ஐப் பார்க்கவும்.--> ; சனவரி : ('' '') ; பெப்ருவரி : ('' '') ; மார்சு : ('' '') ; ஏப்ரில் : ('' '') ; மே : ('' '') ; சூன் : ('' '') ; சூலை : ('' '') ; ஆகத்து : ('' '') ; செப்தம்பர் : ('' '') ; அக்டோபர் : ('' '') ; நவம்பர் : ('' '') ; திசம்பர் : ('' '') ====நேரத்தையும் தேதியையும் எழுதுதல்==== <!--Give some examples how to write clock times and dates if it differs from English.--> ===வண்ணங்கள்=== ; கருப்பு : ('' '') ; வெள்ளை : ('' '') ; சாம்பல் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு : ('' '') ; நீலம் : ('' '') ; மஞ்சள் : ('' '') ; பச்சை : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு : ('' '') ; ஊதா : ('' '') ; பழுப்பு : ('' '') ===போக்குவரத்து=== ====பேருத்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து==== ; _____ செல்வதற்கான பயணச்சீட்டுக் கட்டணம் எவ்வளவு? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கு ஒரு பயணச்சீட்டு கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே செல்கிறது? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே உள்ளது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-இல் நிற்குமா? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எப்போது புறப்படுகிறது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-க்கு எப்போது வந்து சேரும்? : ('' '') ====திசைகள்==== ; நான் எப்படி _____ செல்வது? : ('' '') ; ...தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...நகர மையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...இளைஞர் விடுதிக்கு? : ('' '') ; ..._____ ஹோட்டலுக்கு? : ('' '') ; ...அமெரிக்க/கனடிய/ஆத்திரேலிய/பிரித்தானிய தூதரகத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; எங்கே நிறைய _____ உள்ளன? : ('' '') ; ...ஓட்டல்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...உணவகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...மதுக்கூடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; வரைபடத்தில் காட்ட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; தெரு : ('' '') ; இடதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; வலதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; இடது : ('' '') ; வலது : ('' '') ; நேராக : ('' '') ; _____ நோக்கி : ('' '') ; _____ தாண்டி : ('' '') ; _____ முன்பாக : ('' '') ; _____ கவனியுங்கள். : ('' '') ; சந்திப்பு : ('' '') ; வடக்கு : ('' '') ; தெற்கு : ('' '') ; கிழக்கு : ('' '') ; மேற்கு : ('' '') ; மேல்நோக்கி : ('' '') ; கீழ்நோக்கி : ('' '') ====வாடகை வண்டி==== ; டாக்ஸி! : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை _____க்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ; _____க்குச் செல்ல எவ்வளவு செலவாகும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை அங்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ===தங்குதல்=== ; அறைகள் ஏதேனும் காலியாக உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு நபருக்கு/இரு நபர்களுக்கு ஒரு அறையின் வாடகை என்ன? : ('' '') ; இந்த அறையில் ... வசதிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ... படுக்கை விரிப்புகள்? : ('' '') ; ... குளியலறை? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைபேசி? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைக்காட்சி? : ('' '') ; அறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் அமைதியான அறை ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் பெரிய அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் சுத்தமான அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் மலிவான அறை? : ('' '') ; சரி, நான் இந்த அறையை எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறேன். : ('' '') ; நான் _____ இரவு(கள்) தங்கப்போகிறேன். : ('' '') ; வேறு ஏதேனும் ஓட்டலைப் பரிந்துரைக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகம் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு வாடகையில் அடங்குமா? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு எந்த நேரத்தில் பரிமாறப்படும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என் அறையைச் சுத்தம் செய்யுங்கள். : ('' '') ; என்னை _____ மணிக்கு எழுப்பிவிட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் ஓட்டலிலிருந்து கிளம்ப விரும்புகிறேன் (கணக்கை முடித்துக்கொள்ள விரும்புகிறேன்). : ('' '') ===பணம்=== ; Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars? : ('' '') ; Do you accept British pounds? : ('' '') ; Do you accept Euros? : ('' '') ; Do you accept credit cards? : ('' '') ; Can you change money for me? : ('' '') ; Where can I get money changed? : ('' '') ; Can you change a traveler's check for me? : ('' '') ; Where can I get a traveler's check changed? : ('' '') ; What is the exchange rate? : ('' '') ; Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? : ('' '') ===உண்ணுதல்=== ; A table for one person/two people, please. : ('' '') ; Can I look at the menu, please? : ('' '') ; Can I look in the kitchen? : ('' '') ; Is there a house specialty? : ('' '') ; Is there a local specialty? : ('' '') ; I'm a vegetarian. : ('' '') ; I don't eat pork. : ('' '') ; I don't eat beef. : ('' '') ; I only eat kosher food. : ('' '') ; Can you make it "lite", please? (''less oil/butter/lard'') : ('' '') ; fixed-price meal : ('' '') ; a la carte : ('' '') ; breakfast : ('' '') ; lunch : ('' '') ; tea (''meal'') : ('' '') ; supper : ('' '') ; I want _____. : ('' '') ; I want a dish containing _____. : ('' '') ; chicken : ('' '') ; beef : ('' '') ; fish : ('' '') ; ham : ('' '') ; sausage : ('' '') ; cheese : ('' '') ; eggs : ('' '') ; salad : ('' '') ; (fresh) vegetables : ('' '') ; (fresh) fruit : ('' '') ; bread : ('' '') ; toast : ('' '') ; noodles : ('' '') ; rice : ('' '') ; beans : ('' '') ; May I have a glass of _____? : ('' '') ; May I have a cup of _____? : ('' '') ; May I have a bottle of _____? : ('' '') ; coffee : ('' '') ; tea (''drink'') : ('' '') ; juice : ('' '') ; (bubbly) water : ('' '') ; (still) water : ('' '') ; beer : ('' '') ; red/white wine : ('' '') ; May I have some _____? : ('' '') ; salt : ('' '') ; black pepper : ('' '') ; butter : ('' '') ; Excuse me, waiter? (''getting attention of server''): ('' '') ; I'm finished. : ('' '') ; It was delicious. : ('' '') ; Please clear the plates. : ('' '') ; The check, please. : ('' '') ===மதுசாலைகள்=== ; Do you serve alcohol? : ('' '') ; Is there table service? : ('' '') ; A beer/two beers, please. : ('' '') ; A glass of red/white wine, please. : ('' '') ; A pint, please. : ('' '') ; A bottle, please. : ('' '') ; _____ (''hard liquor'') and _____ (''mixer''), please. : ('' '') ; whiskey : ('' '') ; vodka : ('' '') ; rum : ('' '') ; water : ('' '') ; club soda : ('' '') ; tonic water : ('' '') ; orange juice : ('' '') ; Coke (''soda'') : ('' '') ; Do you have any bar snacks? : ('' '') ; One more, please. : ('' '') ; Another round, please. : ('' '') ; When is closing time? : ('' '') ; Cheers! : ('' '') ===கடைவலம்=== ; Do you have this in my size? : ('' '') ; How much is this? : ('' '') ; That's too expensive. : ('' '') ; Would you take _____? : ('' '') ; expensive : ('' '') ; cheap : ('' '') ; I can't afford it. : ('' '') ; I don't want it. : ('' '') ; You're cheating me. : ('' '') ; I'm not interested. : (..) ; OK, I'll take it. : ('' '') ; Can I have a bag? : ('' '') ; Do you ship (overseas)? : ('' '') ; I need... : ('' '') ; ...toothpaste. : ('' '') ; ...a toothbrush. : ('' '') ; ...tampons. : . ('' '') ; ...soap. : ('' '') ; ...shampoo. : ('' '') ; ...pain reliever. (''e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen'') : ('' '') ; ...cold medicine. : ('' '') ; ...stomach medicine. : ... ('' '') ; ...a razor. : ('' '') ; ...an umbrella. : ('' '') ; ...sunblock lotion. : ('' '') ; ...a postcard. : ('' '') ; ...postage stamps. : ('' '') ; ...batteries. : ('' '') ; ...writing paper. : ('' '') ; ...a pen. : ('' '') ; ...English-language books. : ('' '') ; ...English-language magazines. : ('' '') ; ...an English-language newspaper. : ('' '') ; ...an English-English dictionary. : ('' '') ===வாகனம் ஓட்டுதல்=== ; I want to rent a car. : ('' '') ; Can I get insurance? : ('' '') ; stop (''on a street sign'') : ('' '') ; one way : ('' '') ; yield : ('' '') ; no parking : ('' '') ; speed limit : ('' '') ; gas (''petrol'') station : ('' '') ; petrol : ('' '') ; diesel : ('' '') ===அதிகாரம்=== ; I haven't done anything wrong. : ('' '') ; It was a misunderstanding. : ('' '') ; Where are you taking me? : ('' '') ; Am I under arrest? : ('' '') ; I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to a lawyer. : ('' '') ; Can I just pay a fine now? : ('' '') {{Wy/ta/Outlinephrasebook}} {{Wy/ta/Phrasebookguide}} {{Wy/ta/WikivoyageDoc|help}} [[Category:Wy/ta/Article skeleton templates]] 34lolar08ky8tja5d52tceugr87euef 7386278 7386276 2026-11-09T16:53:58Z Sree1959 2594881 /* பணம் */ விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|}} '''மொழியின் பெயர்''' [[நாட்டில்]] பேசப்படுகின்றது. ==உச்சரிப்பு வழிகாட்டி== ===உயிரெழுத்துகள்=== ===மெய்யெழுத்துகள்=== ===பொதுவான இரு உயிரொலிக் கலவைகள்=== ==சொற்றொடர் பட்டியல்== ===அடிப்படைகள்=== {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பொதுவான அறிகுறிகள்| ; திறந்திருக்கும் : ; மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் : ; நுழைவு : ; வெளியேற்றம் : ; தள்ளுங்கள் : ; இழுங்கள் : ; கழிப்பறை : ; ஆண்கள் : ; பெண்கள் : ; தடைசெய்யப்பட்டது : }} ; வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; வணக்கம். (''முறைசாரா'') : . ('' '') ; நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்? : ? ('' ?'') ; நன்றாக இருக்கிறேன், நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன? : ? ('' ?'') ; என் பெயர் ______ . : ______ . ('' _____ .'') ; உங்களைச் சந்தித்ததில் மகிழ்ச்சி. : . ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து. : . ('' '') ; நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்களுக்கு மிக்க நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; ஆம். : . ('' '') ; இல்லை. : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''கவனத்தை ஈர்த்தல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''மன்னிப்பு வேண்டுதல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். : . ('' '') ; விடைபெறுகிறேன்: . ('' '') ; போய் வருகிறேன் (முறைசாரா): . ('' '') ; என்னால் ''மொழியின் பெயர்'' [நன்றாக] பேச முடியாது.: [ ]. ('' [ ]'') ; நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா?: ? ('' ?'') ; இங்கே ஆங்கிலம் பேசும் யாராவது இருக்கிறார்களா? : ? ('' ?'') ; உதவி! : ! ('' !'') ; கவனமாக இருங்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; காலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; மாலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு. : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு (''தூங்குவதற்கு'') : . ('' '') ; எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை. : . ('' '') ; கழிப்பறை எங்கே உள்ளது?? : ? ('' ?'') ===சிக்கல்கள்=== ; என்னைத் தனியாக விட்டுவிடுங்கள். : . ('' .'') ; என்னை தொடாதீர்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; நான் காவலரை அழைக்கிறேன். : . ('' .'') ; காவல்! : ! ('' !'') ; நில்! திருடன்! : ! ! ('' ! !'') ; எனக்கு உங்கள் உதவி வேண்டும். : . ('' .'') ; இது ஒரு அவசர நிலை. : . ('' .'') ; நான் வழி தவறிவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பணப்பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு உடல்நிலை சரியில்லை. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்குக் காயம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு ஒரு மருத்துவர் தேவை. : . ('' .'') ; உங்கள் தொலைபேசியைப் பயன்படுத்தலாமா? : ? ('' ?'') ===எண்கள்=== ; 0 : ('' '') ; 1 : ('' '') ; 2 : ('' '') ; 3 : ('' '') ; 4 : ('' '') ; 5 : ('' '') ; 6 : ('' '') ; 7 : ('' '') ; 8 : ('' '') ; 9 : ('' '') ; 10 : ('' '') ; 11 : ('' '') ; 12 : ('' '') ; 13 : ('' '') ; 14 : ('' '') ; 15 : ('' '') ; 16 : ('' '') ; 17 : ('' '') ; 18 : ('' '') ; 19 : ('' '') ; 20 : ('' '') ; 21 : ('' '') ; 22 : ('' '') ; 23 : ('' '') ; 30 : ('' '') ; 40 : ('' '') ; 50 : ('' '') ; 60 : ('' '') ; 70 : ('' '') ; 80 : ('' '') ; 90 : ('' '') ; 100 : ('' '') ; 200 : ('' '') ; 300 : ('' '') ; 1,000 : ('' '') ; 2,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; எண் _____ (தொடருந்து, பேருந்து போன்றவை.) : ('' '') ; அரை : ('' '') ; குறைவு : ('' '') ; அதிகம் : ('' '') ===நேரம்=== ; இப்பொழுது : ('' '') ; பின்னர் : ('' '') ; முன்பு : ('' '') ; காலை : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் : ('' '') ; மாலை : ('' '') ; இரவு : ('' '') ====கடிகார நேரம்==== ; அதிகாலை ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; அதிகாலை இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நண்பகல் : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நள்ளிரவு : ('' '') ====கால அளவு==== ; _____ நிமிடம் (நிமிடங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மணிநேரம் (மணிநேரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ நாள் (நாட்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ வாரம் (வாரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மாதம் (மாதங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ ஆண்டு (ஆண்டுகள்) : ('' '') ====நாட்கள்==== ; இன்று : ('' '') ; நேற்று : ('' '') ; நாளை : ('' '') ; இந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; கடந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; அடுத்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; ஞாயிறு : ('' '') ; திங்கள் : ('' '') ; செவ்வாய் : ('' '') ; புதன் : ('' '') ; வியாழன் : ('' '') ; வெள்ளி : ('' '') ; சனி : ('' '') ====மாதங்கள்==== <!--இமொழி பேசுபவர்கள் கிரிகோரியன் நாட்காட்டியைத் தவிர வேறு நாட்காட்டியைப் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தினால், அதை இங்கே விளக்கி, அதன் மாதங்களைப் பட்டியலிடவும். உதாரணத்திற்கு [[எபிரேய சொற்றொடர்நூல்]]-ஐப் பார்க்கவும்.--> ; சனவரி : ('' '') ; பெப்ருவரி : ('' '') ; மார்சு : ('' '') ; ஏப்ரில் : ('' '') ; மே : ('' '') ; சூன் : ('' '') ; சூலை : ('' '') ; ஆகத்து : ('' '') ; செப்தம்பர் : ('' '') ; அக்டோபர் : ('' '') ; நவம்பர் : ('' '') ; திசம்பர் : ('' '') ====நேரத்தையும் தேதியையும் எழுதுதல்==== <!--Give some examples how to write clock times and dates if it differs from English.--> ===வண்ணங்கள்=== ; கருப்பு : ('' '') ; வெள்ளை : ('' '') ; சாம்பல் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு : ('' '') ; நீலம் : ('' '') ; மஞ்சள் : ('' '') ; பச்சை : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு : ('' '') ; ஊதா : ('' '') ; பழுப்பு : ('' '') ===போக்குவரத்து=== ====பேருத்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து==== ; _____ செல்வதற்கான பயணச்சீட்டுக் கட்டணம் எவ்வளவு? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கு ஒரு பயணச்சீட்டு கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே செல்கிறது? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே உள்ளது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-இல் நிற்குமா? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எப்போது புறப்படுகிறது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-க்கு எப்போது வந்து சேரும்? : ('' '') ====திசைகள்==== ; நான் எப்படி _____ செல்வது? : ('' '') ; ...தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...நகர மையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...இளைஞர் விடுதிக்கு? : ('' '') ; ..._____ ஹோட்டலுக்கு? : ('' '') ; ...அமெரிக்க/கனடிய/ஆத்திரேலிய/பிரித்தானிய தூதரகத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; எங்கே நிறைய _____ உள்ளன? : ('' '') ; ...ஓட்டல்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...உணவகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...மதுக்கூடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; வரைபடத்தில் காட்ட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; தெரு : ('' '') ; இடதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; வலதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; இடது : ('' '') ; வலது : ('' '') ; நேராக : ('' '') ; _____ நோக்கி : ('' '') ; _____ தாண்டி : ('' '') ; _____ முன்பாக : ('' '') ; _____ கவனியுங்கள். : ('' '') ; சந்திப்பு : ('' '') ; வடக்கு : ('' '') ; தெற்கு : ('' '') ; கிழக்கு : ('' '') ; மேற்கு : ('' '') ; மேல்நோக்கி : ('' '') ; கீழ்நோக்கி : ('' '') ====வாடகை வண்டி==== ; டாக்ஸி! : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை _____க்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ; _____க்குச் செல்ல எவ்வளவு செலவாகும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை அங்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ===தங்குதல்=== ; அறைகள் ஏதேனும் காலியாக உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு நபருக்கு/இரு நபர்களுக்கு ஒரு அறையின் வாடகை என்ன? : ('' '') ; இந்த அறையில் ... வசதிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ... படுக்கை விரிப்புகள்? : ('' '') ; ... குளியலறை? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைபேசி? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைக்காட்சி? : ('' '') ; அறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் அமைதியான அறை ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் பெரிய அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் சுத்தமான அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் மலிவான அறை? : ('' '') ; சரி, நான் இந்த அறையை எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறேன். : ('' '') ; நான் _____ இரவு(கள்) தங்கப்போகிறேன். : ('' '') ; வேறு ஏதேனும் ஓட்டலைப் பரிந்துரைக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகம் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு வாடகையில் அடங்குமா? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு எந்த நேரத்தில் பரிமாறப்படும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என் அறையைச் சுத்தம் செய்யுங்கள். : ('' '') ; என்னை _____ மணிக்கு எழுப்பிவிட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் ஓட்டலிலிருந்து கிளம்ப விரும்புகிறேன் (கணக்கை முடித்துக்கொள்ள விரும்புகிறேன்). : ('' '') ===பணம்=== ; நீங்கள் அமெரிக்க/ஆத்திரேலிய/கனடிய டாலர்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் பிரித்தானிய பவுண்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் யூரோக்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் கிரெடிட் கார்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பணத்தை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பணத்தை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; பண மாற்று விகிதம் என்ன? : ('' '') ; ஏடிஎம் எங்கே இருக்கிறது? : ('' '') ===உண்ணுதல்=== ; A table for one person/two people, please. : ('' '') ; Can I look at the menu, please? : ('' '') ; Can I look in the kitchen? : ('' '') ; Is there a house specialty? : ('' '') ; Is there a local specialty? : ('' '') ; I'm a vegetarian. : ('' '') ; I don't eat pork. : ('' '') ; I don't eat beef. : ('' '') ; I only eat kosher food. : ('' '') ; Can you make it "lite", please? (''less oil/butter/lard'') : ('' '') ; fixed-price meal : ('' '') ; a la carte : ('' '') ; breakfast : ('' '') ; lunch : ('' '') ; tea (''meal'') : ('' '') ; supper : ('' '') ; I want _____. : ('' '') ; I want a dish containing _____. : ('' '') ; chicken : ('' '') ; beef : ('' '') ; fish : ('' '') ; ham : ('' '') ; sausage : ('' '') ; cheese : ('' '') ; eggs : ('' '') ; salad : ('' '') ; (fresh) vegetables : ('' '') ; (fresh) fruit : ('' '') ; bread : ('' '') ; toast : ('' '') ; noodles : ('' '') ; rice : ('' '') ; beans : ('' '') ; May I have a glass of _____? : ('' '') ; May I have a cup of _____? : ('' '') ; May I have a bottle of _____? : ('' '') ; coffee : ('' '') ; tea (''drink'') : ('' '') ; juice : ('' '') ; (bubbly) water : ('' '') ; (still) water : ('' '') ; beer : ('' '') ; red/white wine : ('' '') ; May I have some _____? : ('' '') ; salt : ('' '') ; black pepper : ('' '') ; butter : ('' '') ; Excuse me, waiter? (''getting attention of server''): ('' '') ; I'm finished. : ('' '') ; It was delicious. : ('' '') ; Please clear the plates. : ('' '') ; The check, please. : ('' '') ===மதுசாலைகள்=== ; Do you serve alcohol? : ('' '') ; Is there table service? : ('' '') ; A beer/two beers, please. : ('' '') ; A glass of red/white wine, please. : ('' '') ; A pint, please. : ('' '') ; A bottle, please. : ('' '') ; _____ (''hard liquor'') and _____ (''mixer''), please. : ('' '') ; whiskey : ('' '') ; vodka : ('' '') ; rum : ('' '') ; water : ('' '') ; club soda : ('' '') ; tonic water : ('' '') ; orange juice : ('' '') ; Coke (''soda'') : ('' '') ; Do you have any bar snacks? : ('' '') ; One more, please. : ('' '') ; Another round, please. : ('' '') ; When is closing time? : ('' '') ; Cheers! : ('' '') ===கடைவலம்=== ; Do you have this in my size? : ('' '') ; How much is this? : ('' '') ; That's too expensive. : ('' '') ; Would you take _____? : ('' '') ; expensive : ('' '') ; cheap : ('' '') ; I can't afford it. : ('' '') ; I don't want it. : ('' '') ; You're cheating me. : ('' '') ; I'm not interested. : (..) ; OK, I'll take it. : ('' '') ; Can I have a bag? : ('' '') ; Do you ship (overseas)? : ('' '') ; I need... : ('' '') ; ...toothpaste. : ('' '') ; ...a toothbrush. : ('' '') ; ...tampons. : . ('' '') ; ...soap. : ('' '') ; ...shampoo. : ('' '') ; ...pain reliever. (''e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen'') : ('' '') ; ...cold medicine. : ('' '') ; ...stomach medicine. : ... ('' '') ; ...a razor. : ('' '') ; ...an umbrella. : ('' '') ; ...sunblock lotion. : ('' '') ; ...a postcard. : ('' '') ; ...postage stamps. : ('' '') ; ...batteries. : ('' '') ; ...writing paper. : ('' '') ; ...a pen. : ('' '') ; ...English-language books. : ('' '') ; ...English-language magazines. : ('' '') ; ...an English-language newspaper. : ('' '') ; ...an English-English dictionary. : ('' '') ===வாகனம் ஓட்டுதல்=== ; I want to rent a car. : ('' '') ; Can I get insurance? : ('' '') ; stop (''on a street sign'') : ('' '') ; one way : ('' '') ; yield : ('' '') ; no parking : ('' '') ; speed limit : ('' '') ; gas (''petrol'') station : ('' '') ; petrol : ('' '') ; diesel : ('' '') ===அதிகாரம்=== ; I haven't done anything wrong. : ('' '') ; It was a misunderstanding. : ('' '') ; Where are you taking me? : ('' '') ; Am I under arrest? : ('' '') ; I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to a lawyer. : ('' '') ; Can I just pay a fine now? : ('' '') {{Wy/ta/Outlinephrasebook}} {{Wy/ta/Phrasebookguide}} {{Wy/ta/WikivoyageDoc|help}} [[Category:Wy/ta/Article skeleton templates]] boi9qaqksc3f9y0aia2n2mq2hhhkyfd 7386281 7386278 2026-11-09T16:58:21Z Sree1959 2594881 /* உண்ணுதல் */ விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|}} '''மொழியின் பெயர்''' [[நாட்டில்]] பேசப்படுகின்றது. ==உச்சரிப்பு வழிகாட்டி== ===உயிரெழுத்துகள்=== ===மெய்யெழுத்துகள்=== ===பொதுவான இரு உயிரொலிக் கலவைகள்=== ==சொற்றொடர் பட்டியல்== ===அடிப்படைகள்=== {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பொதுவான அறிகுறிகள்| ; திறந்திருக்கும் : ; மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் : ; நுழைவு : ; வெளியேற்றம் : ; தள்ளுங்கள் : ; இழுங்கள் : ; கழிப்பறை : ; ஆண்கள் : ; பெண்கள் : ; தடைசெய்யப்பட்டது : }} ; வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; வணக்கம். (''முறைசாரா'') : . ('' '') ; நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்? : ? ('' ?'') ; நன்றாக இருக்கிறேன், நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன? : ? ('' ?'') ; என் பெயர் ______ . : ______ . ('' _____ .'') ; உங்களைச் சந்தித்ததில் மகிழ்ச்சி. : . ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து. : . ('' '') ; நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்களுக்கு மிக்க நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; ஆம். : . ('' '') ; இல்லை. : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''கவனத்தை ஈர்த்தல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''மன்னிப்பு வேண்டுதல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். : . ('' '') ; விடைபெறுகிறேன்: . ('' '') ; போய் வருகிறேன் (முறைசாரா): . ('' '') ; என்னால் ''மொழியின் பெயர்'' [நன்றாக] பேச முடியாது.: [ ]. ('' [ ]'') ; நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா?: ? ('' ?'') ; இங்கே ஆங்கிலம் பேசும் யாராவது இருக்கிறார்களா? : ? ('' ?'') ; உதவி! : ! ('' !'') ; கவனமாக இருங்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; காலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; மாலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு. : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு (''தூங்குவதற்கு'') : . ('' '') ; எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை. : . ('' '') ; கழிப்பறை எங்கே உள்ளது?? : ? ('' ?'') ===சிக்கல்கள்=== ; என்னைத் தனியாக விட்டுவிடுங்கள். : . ('' .'') ; என்னை தொடாதீர்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; நான் காவலரை அழைக்கிறேன். : . ('' .'') ; காவல்! : ! ('' !'') ; நில்! திருடன்! : ! ! ('' ! !'') ; எனக்கு உங்கள் உதவி வேண்டும். : . ('' .'') ; இது ஒரு அவசர நிலை. : . ('' .'') ; நான் வழி தவறிவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பணப்பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு உடல்நிலை சரியில்லை. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்குக் காயம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு ஒரு மருத்துவர் தேவை. : . ('' .'') ; உங்கள் தொலைபேசியைப் பயன்படுத்தலாமா? : ? ('' ?'') ===எண்கள்=== ; 0 : ('' '') ; 1 : ('' '') ; 2 : ('' '') ; 3 : ('' '') ; 4 : ('' '') ; 5 : ('' '') ; 6 : ('' '') ; 7 : ('' '') ; 8 : ('' '') ; 9 : ('' '') ; 10 : ('' '') ; 11 : ('' '') ; 12 : ('' '') ; 13 : ('' '') ; 14 : ('' '') ; 15 : ('' '') ; 16 : ('' '') ; 17 : ('' '') ; 18 : ('' '') ; 19 : ('' '') ; 20 : ('' '') ; 21 : ('' '') ; 22 : ('' '') ; 23 : ('' '') ; 30 : ('' '') ; 40 : ('' '') ; 50 : ('' '') ; 60 : ('' '') ; 70 : ('' '') ; 80 : ('' '') ; 90 : ('' '') ; 100 : ('' '') ; 200 : ('' '') ; 300 : ('' '') ; 1,000 : ('' '') ; 2,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; எண் _____ (தொடருந்து, பேருந்து போன்றவை.) : ('' '') ; அரை : ('' '') ; குறைவு : ('' '') ; அதிகம் : ('' '') ===நேரம்=== ; இப்பொழுது : ('' '') ; பின்னர் : ('' '') ; முன்பு : ('' '') ; காலை : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் : ('' '') ; மாலை : ('' '') ; இரவு : ('' '') ====கடிகார நேரம்==== ; அதிகாலை ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; அதிகாலை இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நண்பகல் : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நள்ளிரவு : ('' '') ====கால அளவு==== ; _____ நிமிடம் (நிமிடங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மணிநேரம் (மணிநேரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ நாள் (நாட்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ வாரம் (வாரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மாதம் (மாதங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ ஆண்டு (ஆண்டுகள்) : ('' '') ====நாட்கள்==== ; இன்று : ('' '') ; நேற்று : ('' '') ; நாளை : ('' '') ; இந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; கடந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; அடுத்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; ஞாயிறு : ('' '') ; திங்கள் : ('' '') ; செவ்வாய் : ('' '') ; புதன் : ('' '') ; வியாழன் : ('' '') ; வெள்ளி : ('' '') ; சனி : ('' '') ====மாதங்கள்==== <!--இமொழி பேசுபவர்கள் கிரிகோரியன் நாட்காட்டியைத் தவிர வேறு நாட்காட்டியைப் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தினால், அதை இங்கே விளக்கி, அதன் மாதங்களைப் பட்டியலிடவும். உதாரணத்திற்கு [[எபிரேய சொற்றொடர்நூல்]]-ஐப் பார்க்கவும்.--> ; சனவரி : ('' '') ; பெப்ருவரி : ('' '') ; மார்சு : ('' '') ; ஏப்ரில் : ('' '') ; மே : ('' '') ; சூன் : ('' '') ; சூலை : ('' '') ; ஆகத்து : ('' '') ; செப்தம்பர் : ('' '') ; அக்டோபர் : ('' '') ; நவம்பர் : ('' '') ; திசம்பர் : ('' '') ====நேரத்தையும் தேதியையும் எழுதுதல்==== <!--Give some examples how to write clock times and dates if it differs from English.--> ===வண்ணங்கள்=== ; கருப்பு : ('' '') ; வெள்ளை : ('' '') ; சாம்பல் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு : ('' '') ; நீலம் : ('' '') ; மஞ்சள் : ('' '') ; பச்சை : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு : ('' '') ; ஊதா : ('' '') ; பழுப்பு : ('' '') ===போக்குவரத்து=== ====பேருத்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து==== ; _____ செல்வதற்கான பயணச்சீட்டுக் கட்டணம் எவ்வளவு? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கு ஒரு பயணச்சீட்டு கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே செல்கிறது? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே உள்ளது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-இல் நிற்குமா? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எப்போது புறப்படுகிறது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-க்கு எப்போது வந்து சேரும்? : ('' '') ====திசைகள்==== ; நான் எப்படி _____ செல்வது? : ('' '') ; ...தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...நகர மையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...இளைஞர் விடுதிக்கு? : ('' '') ; ..._____ ஹோட்டலுக்கு? : ('' '') ; ...அமெரிக்க/கனடிய/ஆத்திரேலிய/பிரித்தானிய தூதரகத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; எங்கே நிறைய _____ உள்ளன? : ('' '') ; ...ஓட்டல்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...உணவகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...மதுக்கூடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; வரைபடத்தில் காட்ட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; தெரு : ('' '') ; இடதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; வலதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; இடது : ('' '') ; வலது : ('' '') ; நேராக : ('' '') ; _____ நோக்கி : ('' '') ; _____ தாண்டி : ('' '') ; _____ முன்பாக : ('' '') ; _____ கவனியுங்கள். : ('' '') ; சந்திப்பு : ('' '') ; வடக்கு : ('' '') ; தெற்கு : ('' '') ; கிழக்கு : ('' '') ; மேற்கு : ('' '') ; மேல்நோக்கி : ('' '') ; கீழ்நோக்கி : ('' '') ====வாடகை வண்டி==== ; டாக்ஸி! : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை _____க்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ; _____க்குச் செல்ல எவ்வளவு செலவாகும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை அங்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ===தங்குதல்=== ; அறைகள் ஏதேனும் காலியாக உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு நபருக்கு/இரு நபர்களுக்கு ஒரு அறையின் வாடகை என்ன? : ('' '') ; இந்த அறையில் ... வசதிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ... படுக்கை விரிப்புகள்? : ('' '') ; ... குளியலறை? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைபேசி? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைக்காட்சி? : ('' '') ; அறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் அமைதியான அறை ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் பெரிய அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் சுத்தமான அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் மலிவான அறை? : ('' '') ; சரி, நான் இந்த அறையை எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறேன். : ('' '') ; நான் _____ இரவு(கள்) தங்கப்போகிறேன். : ('' '') ; வேறு ஏதேனும் ஓட்டலைப் பரிந்துரைக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகம் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு வாடகையில் அடங்குமா? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு எந்த நேரத்தில் பரிமாறப்படும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என் அறையைச் சுத்தம் செய்யுங்கள். : ('' '') ; என்னை _____ மணிக்கு எழுப்பிவிட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் ஓட்டலிலிருந்து கிளம்ப விரும்புகிறேன் (கணக்கை முடித்துக்கொள்ள விரும்புகிறேன்). : ('' '') ===பணம்=== ; நீங்கள் அமெரிக்க/ஆத்திரேலிய/கனடிய டாலர்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் பிரித்தானிய பவுண்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் யூரோக்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் கிரெடிட் கார்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பணத்தை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பணத்தை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; பண மாற்று விகிதம் என்ன? : ('' '') ; ஏடிஎம் எங்கே இருக்கிறது? : ('' '') ===உண்ணுதல்=== ; ஒருவருக்கான/இருவருக்கான மேசை கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; உணவக மெனுவைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; சமையலறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இந்த உணவகத்தின் சிறப்ப உணவு ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; இந்த ஊருக்கே உரிய சிறப்பு உணவு ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; நான் சைவ உணவு உண்பவன்/உண்பவள். : ('' '') ; நான் பன்றி இறைச்சி உண்பதில்லை. : ('' '') ; நான் மாட்டிறைச்சி உண்பதில்லை. : ('' '') ; நான் 'கோஷர்' (யூத முறைப்படி தயாரிக்கப்பட்ட) உணவை மட்டுமே உண்பேன். : ('' '') ; இதில் எண்ணெய்/வெண்ணெய்/கொழுப்பு ஆகியவற்றைக் குறைத்துத் தர முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நிலையான விலையிலான முழு உணவு: ('' '') ; தனித்தனி உணவுகளைத் தேர்ந்தெடுத்து ஆர்டர் செய்யும் முறை: ('' '') ; காலை உணவு : ('' '') ; மதிய உணவு : ('' '') ; மாலை நேர உணவு : ('' '') ; இரவு உணவு : ('' '') ; எனக்கு _____ வேண்டும். : ('' '') ; _____ கலந்த உணவு ஒன்று வேண்டும். : ('' '') ; கோழி இறைச்சி : ('' '') ; மாட்டிறைச்சி : ('' '') ; மீன் : ('' '') ; பன்றி இறைச்சி : ('' '') ; தொத்திறைச்சி : ('' '') ; சீஸ் : ('' '') ; முட்டை : ('' '') ; சாலட் : ('' '') ; (புதிய) காய்கறிகள் : ('' '') ; (புதிய) பழங்கள் : ('' '') ; ரொட்டி : ('' '') ; டோஸ்ட் : ('' '') ; நூடுல்ஸ் : ('' '') ; சாதம்/அரிசி : ('' '') ; பயறு வகைகள்/பீன்ஸ் : ('' '') ; ஒரு டம்ளர் _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு கோப்பை _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு பாட்டில் _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; காபி : ('' '') ; தேநீர் : ('' '') ; பழச்சாறு : ('' '') ; கார்பனேற்றப்பட்ட (வாயு கலந்த) தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; சாதாரண தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; பீர் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு/வெள்ளை ஒயின் : ('' '') ; எனக்குச் சிறிது _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; உப்பு : ('' '') ; மிளகு : ('' '') ; வெண்ணெய் : ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும், பணியாளரே? (''பணியாளரின் கவனத்தை ஈர்க்க''): ('' '') ; நான் சாப்பிட்டு முடித்துவிட்டேன். : ('' '') ; மிகவும் சுவையாக இருந்தது. : ('' '') ; தட்டுகளை எடுத்துவிடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; கணக்குக் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ===மதுசாலைகள்=== ; Do you serve alcohol? : ('' '') ; Is there table service? : ('' '') ; A beer/two beers, please. : ('' '') ; A glass of red/white wine, please. : ('' '') ; A pint, please. : ('' '') ; A bottle, please. : ('' '') ; _____ (''hard liquor'') and _____ (''mixer''), please. : ('' '') ; whiskey : ('' '') ; vodka : ('' '') ; rum : ('' '') ; water : ('' '') ; club soda : ('' '') ; tonic water : ('' '') ; orange juice : ('' '') ; Coke (''soda'') : ('' '') ; Do you have any bar snacks? : ('' '') ; One more, please. : ('' '') ; Another round, please. : ('' '') ; When is closing time? : ('' '') ; Cheers! : ('' '') ===கடைவலம்=== ; Do you have this in my size? : ('' '') ; How much is this? : ('' '') ; That's too expensive. : ('' '') ; Would you take _____? : ('' '') ; expensive : ('' '') ; cheap : ('' '') ; I can't afford it. : ('' '') ; I don't want it. : ('' '') ; You're cheating me. : ('' '') ; I'm not interested. : (..) ; OK, I'll take it. : ('' '') ; Can I have a bag? : ('' '') ; Do you ship (overseas)? : ('' '') ; I need... : ('' '') ; ...toothpaste. : ('' '') ; ...a toothbrush. : ('' '') ; ...tampons. : . ('' '') ; ...soap. : ('' '') ; ...shampoo. : ('' '') ; ...pain reliever. (''e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen'') : ('' '') ; ...cold medicine. : ('' '') ; ...stomach medicine. : ... ('' '') ; ...a razor. : ('' '') ; ...an umbrella. : ('' '') ; ...sunblock lotion. : ('' '') ; ...a postcard. : ('' '') ; ...postage stamps. : ('' '') ; ...batteries. : ('' '') ; ...writing paper. : ('' '') ; ...a pen. : ('' '') ; ...English-language books. : ('' '') ; ...English-language magazines. : ('' '') ; ...an English-language newspaper. : ('' '') ; ...an English-English dictionary. : ('' '') ===வாகனம் ஓட்டுதல்=== ; I want to rent a car. : ('' '') ; Can I get insurance? : ('' '') ; stop (''on a street sign'') : ('' '') ; one way : ('' '') ; yield : ('' '') ; no parking : ('' '') ; speed limit : ('' '') ; gas (''petrol'') station : ('' '') ; petrol : ('' '') ; diesel : ('' '') ===அதிகாரம்=== ; I haven't done anything wrong. : ('' '') ; It was a misunderstanding. : ('' '') ; Where are you taking me? : ('' '') ; Am I under arrest? : ('' '') ; I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to a lawyer. : ('' '') ; Can I just pay a fine now? : ('' '') {{Wy/ta/Outlinephrasebook}} {{Wy/ta/Phrasebookguide}} {{Wy/ta/WikivoyageDoc|help}} [[Category:Wy/ta/Article skeleton templates]] bk6cejeky8c7m828o1zr0ponccja6y8 7386287 7386281 2026-11-09T17:00:18Z Sree1959 2594881 /* மதுசாலைகள் */ விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|}} '''மொழியின் பெயர்''' [[நாட்டில்]] பேசப்படுகின்றது. ==உச்சரிப்பு வழிகாட்டி== ===உயிரெழுத்துகள்=== ===மெய்யெழுத்துகள்=== ===பொதுவான இரு உயிரொலிக் கலவைகள்=== ==சொற்றொடர் பட்டியல்== ===அடிப்படைகள்=== {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பொதுவான அறிகுறிகள்| ; திறந்திருக்கும் : ; மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் : ; நுழைவு : ; வெளியேற்றம் : ; தள்ளுங்கள் : ; இழுங்கள் : ; கழிப்பறை : ; ஆண்கள் : ; பெண்கள் : ; தடைசெய்யப்பட்டது : }} ; வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; வணக்கம். (''முறைசாரா'') : . ('' '') ; நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்? : ? ('' ?'') ; நன்றாக இருக்கிறேன், நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன? : ? ('' ?'') ; என் பெயர் ______ . : ______ . ('' _____ .'') ; உங்களைச் சந்தித்ததில் மகிழ்ச்சி. : . ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து. : . ('' '') ; நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்களுக்கு மிக்க நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; ஆம். : . ('' '') ; இல்லை. : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''கவனத்தை ஈர்த்தல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''மன்னிப்பு வேண்டுதல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். : . ('' '') ; விடைபெறுகிறேன்: . ('' '') ; போய் வருகிறேன் (முறைசாரா): . ('' '') ; என்னால் ''மொழியின் பெயர்'' [நன்றாக] பேச முடியாது.: [ ]. ('' [ ]'') ; நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா?: ? ('' ?'') ; இங்கே ஆங்கிலம் பேசும் யாராவது இருக்கிறார்களா? : ? ('' ?'') ; உதவி! : ! ('' !'') ; கவனமாக இருங்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; காலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; மாலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு. : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு (''தூங்குவதற்கு'') : . ('' '') ; எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை. : . ('' '') ; கழிப்பறை எங்கே உள்ளது?? : ? ('' ?'') ===சிக்கல்கள்=== ; என்னைத் தனியாக விட்டுவிடுங்கள். : . ('' .'') ; என்னை தொடாதீர்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; நான் காவலரை அழைக்கிறேன். : . ('' .'') ; காவல்! : ! ('' !'') ; நில்! திருடன்! : ! ! ('' ! !'') ; எனக்கு உங்கள் உதவி வேண்டும். : . ('' .'') ; இது ஒரு அவசர நிலை. : . ('' .'') ; நான் வழி தவறிவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பணப்பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு உடல்நிலை சரியில்லை. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்குக் காயம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு ஒரு மருத்துவர் தேவை. : . ('' .'') ; உங்கள் தொலைபேசியைப் பயன்படுத்தலாமா? : ? ('' ?'') ===எண்கள்=== ; 0 : ('' '') ; 1 : ('' '') ; 2 : ('' '') ; 3 : ('' '') ; 4 : ('' '') ; 5 : ('' '') ; 6 : ('' '') ; 7 : ('' '') ; 8 : ('' '') ; 9 : ('' '') ; 10 : ('' '') ; 11 : ('' '') ; 12 : ('' '') ; 13 : ('' '') ; 14 : ('' '') ; 15 : ('' '') ; 16 : ('' '') ; 17 : ('' '') ; 18 : ('' '') ; 19 : ('' '') ; 20 : ('' '') ; 21 : ('' '') ; 22 : ('' '') ; 23 : ('' '') ; 30 : ('' '') ; 40 : ('' '') ; 50 : ('' '') ; 60 : ('' '') ; 70 : ('' '') ; 80 : ('' '') ; 90 : ('' '') ; 100 : ('' '') ; 200 : ('' '') ; 300 : ('' '') ; 1,000 : ('' '') ; 2,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; எண் _____ (தொடருந்து, பேருந்து போன்றவை.) : ('' '') ; அரை : ('' '') ; குறைவு : ('' '') ; அதிகம் : ('' '') ===நேரம்=== ; இப்பொழுது : ('' '') ; பின்னர் : ('' '') ; முன்பு : ('' '') ; காலை : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் : ('' '') ; மாலை : ('' '') ; இரவு : ('' '') ====கடிகார நேரம்==== ; அதிகாலை ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; அதிகாலை இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நண்பகல் : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நள்ளிரவு : ('' '') ====கால அளவு==== ; _____ நிமிடம் (நிமிடங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மணிநேரம் (மணிநேரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ நாள் (நாட்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ வாரம் (வாரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மாதம் (மாதங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ ஆண்டு (ஆண்டுகள்) : ('' '') ====நாட்கள்==== ; இன்று : ('' '') ; நேற்று : ('' '') ; நாளை : ('' '') ; இந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; கடந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; அடுத்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; ஞாயிறு : ('' '') ; திங்கள் : ('' '') ; செவ்வாய் : ('' '') ; புதன் : ('' '') ; வியாழன் : ('' '') ; வெள்ளி : ('' '') ; சனி : ('' '') ====மாதங்கள்==== <!--இமொழி பேசுபவர்கள் கிரிகோரியன் நாட்காட்டியைத் தவிர வேறு நாட்காட்டியைப் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தினால், அதை இங்கே விளக்கி, அதன் மாதங்களைப் பட்டியலிடவும். உதாரணத்திற்கு [[எபிரேய சொற்றொடர்நூல்]]-ஐப் பார்க்கவும்.--> ; சனவரி : ('' '') ; பெப்ருவரி : ('' '') ; மார்சு : ('' '') ; ஏப்ரில் : ('' '') ; மே : ('' '') ; சூன் : ('' '') ; சூலை : ('' '') ; ஆகத்து : ('' '') ; செப்தம்பர் : ('' '') ; அக்டோபர் : ('' '') ; நவம்பர் : ('' '') ; திசம்பர் : ('' '') ====நேரத்தையும் தேதியையும் எழுதுதல்==== <!--Give some examples how to write clock times and dates if it differs from English.--> ===வண்ணங்கள்=== ; கருப்பு : ('' '') ; வெள்ளை : ('' '') ; சாம்பல் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு : ('' '') ; நீலம் : ('' '') ; மஞ்சள் : ('' '') ; பச்சை : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு : ('' '') ; ஊதா : ('' '') ; பழுப்பு : ('' '') ===போக்குவரத்து=== ====பேருத்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து==== ; _____ செல்வதற்கான பயணச்சீட்டுக் கட்டணம் எவ்வளவு? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கு ஒரு பயணச்சீட்டு கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே செல்கிறது? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே உள்ளது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-இல் நிற்குமா? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எப்போது புறப்படுகிறது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-க்கு எப்போது வந்து சேரும்? : ('' '') ====திசைகள்==== ; நான் எப்படி _____ செல்வது? : ('' '') ; ...தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...நகர மையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...இளைஞர் விடுதிக்கு? : ('' '') ; ..._____ ஹோட்டலுக்கு? : ('' '') ; ...அமெரிக்க/கனடிய/ஆத்திரேலிய/பிரித்தானிய தூதரகத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; எங்கே நிறைய _____ உள்ளன? : ('' '') ; ...ஓட்டல்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...உணவகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...மதுக்கூடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; வரைபடத்தில் காட்ட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; தெரு : ('' '') ; இடதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; வலதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; இடது : ('' '') ; வலது : ('' '') ; நேராக : ('' '') ; _____ நோக்கி : ('' '') ; _____ தாண்டி : ('' '') ; _____ முன்பாக : ('' '') ; _____ கவனியுங்கள். : ('' '') ; சந்திப்பு : ('' '') ; வடக்கு : ('' '') ; தெற்கு : ('' '') ; கிழக்கு : ('' '') ; மேற்கு : ('' '') ; மேல்நோக்கி : ('' '') ; கீழ்நோக்கி : ('' '') ====வாடகை வண்டி==== ; டாக்ஸி! : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை _____க்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ; _____க்குச் செல்ல எவ்வளவு செலவாகும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை அங்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ===தங்குதல்=== ; அறைகள் ஏதேனும் காலியாக உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு நபருக்கு/இரு நபர்களுக்கு ஒரு அறையின் வாடகை என்ன? : ('' '') ; இந்த அறையில் ... வசதிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ... படுக்கை விரிப்புகள்? : ('' '') ; ... குளியலறை? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைபேசி? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைக்காட்சி? : ('' '') ; அறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் அமைதியான அறை ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் பெரிய அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் சுத்தமான அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் மலிவான அறை? : ('' '') ; சரி, நான் இந்த அறையை எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறேன். : ('' '') ; நான் _____ இரவு(கள்) தங்கப்போகிறேன். : ('' '') ; வேறு ஏதேனும் ஓட்டலைப் பரிந்துரைக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகம் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு வாடகையில் அடங்குமா? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு எந்த நேரத்தில் பரிமாறப்படும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என் அறையைச் சுத்தம் செய்யுங்கள். : ('' '') ; என்னை _____ மணிக்கு எழுப்பிவிட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் ஓட்டலிலிருந்து கிளம்ப விரும்புகிறேன் (கணக்கை முடித்துக்கொள்ள விரும்புகிறேன்). : ('' '') ===பணம்=== ; நீங்கள் அமெரிக்க/ஆத்திரேலிய/கனடிய டாலர்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் பிரித்தானிய பவுண்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் யூரோக்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் கிரெடிட் கார்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பணத்தை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பணத்தை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; பண மாற்று விகிதம் என்ன? : ('' '') ; ஏடிஎம் எங்கே இருக்கிறது? : ('' '') ===உண்ணுதல்=== ; ஒருவருக்கான/இருவருக்கான மேசை கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; உணவக மெனுவைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; சமையலறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இந்த உணவகத்தின் சிறப்ப உணவு ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; இந்த ஊருக்கே உரிய சிறப்பு உணவு ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; நான் சைவ உணவு உண்பவன்/உண்பவள். : ('' '') ; நான் பன்றி இறைச்சி உண்பதில்லை. : ('' '') ; நான் மாட்டிறைச்சி உண்பதில்லை. : ('' '') ; நான் 'கோஷர்' (யூத முறைப்படி தயாரிக்கப்பட்ட) உணவை மட்டுமே உண்பேன். : ('' '') ; இதில் எண்ணெய்/வெண்ணெய்/கொழுப்பு ஆகியவற்றைக் குறைத்துத் தர முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நிலையான விலையிலான முழு உணவு: ('' '') ; தனித்தனி உணவுகளைத் தேர்ந்தெடுத்து ஆர்டர் செய்யும் முறை: ('' '') ; காலை உணவு : ('' '') ; மதிய உணவு : ('' '') ; மாலை நேர உணவு : ('' '') ; இரவு உணவு : ('' '') ; எனக்கு _____ வேண்டும். : ('' '') ; _____ கலந்த உணவு ஒன்று வேண்டும். : ('' '') ; கோழி இறைச்சி : ('' '') ; மாட்டிறைச்சி : ('' '') ; மீன் : ('' '') ; பன்றி இறைச்சி : ('' '') ; தொத்திறைச்சி : ('' '') ; சீஸ் : ('' '') ; முட்டை : ('' '') ; சாலட் : ('' '') ; (புதிய) காய்கறிகள் : ('' '') ; (புதிய) பழங்கள் : ('' '') ; ரொட்டி : ('' '') ; டோஸ்ட் : ('' '') ; நூடுல்ஸ் : ('' '') ; சாதம்/அரிசி : ('' '') ; பயறு வகைகள்/பீன்ஸ் : ('' '') ; ஒரு டம்ளர் _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு கோப்பை _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு பாட்டில் _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; காபி : ('' '') ; தேநீர் : ('' '') ; பழச்சாறு : ('' '') ; கார்பனேற்றப்பட்ட (வாயு கலந்த) தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; சாதாரண தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; பீர் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு/வெள்ளை ஒயின் : ('' '') ; எனக்குச் சிறிது _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; உப்பு : ('' '') ; மிளகு : ('' '') ; வெண்ணெய் : ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும், பணியாளரே? (''பணியாளரின் கவனத்தை ஈர்க்க''): ('' '') ; நான் சாப்பிட்டு முடித்துவிட்டேன். : ('' '') ; மிகவும் சுவையாக இருந்தது. : ('' '') ; தட்டுகளை எடுத்துவிடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; கணக்குக் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ===மதுசாலைகள்=== ; மதுபானங்கள் கிடைக்கின்றனவா? : ('' '') ; மேசையிலேயே பரிமாறும் வசதி உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு பீர்/இரண்டு பீர் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு கிளாசு ரெட் ஒயின்/ஒயிட் ஒயின் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு பைண்ட் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு பாட்டில் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; _____ (மதுபானம்) மற்றும் _____ (அதனுடன் கலக்கும் பானம்) கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; விஸ்கி : ('' '') ; வோட்கா : ('' '') ; ரம் : ('' '') ; தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; கிளப் சோடா : ('' '') ; டோனிக் வாட்டர் : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு ஜூஸ் : ('' '') ; கோக் (சோடா பானம்) : ('' '') ; மதுபானத்துடன் சேர்த்து உண்ண ஏதேனும் சிற்றுண்டிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் ஒன்று கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; மீண்டும் ஒரு சுற்று (அனைவருக்கும்) கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; கடை எப்போது மூடப்படும்? : ('' '') ; சியர்ஸ்! (வாழ்த்துகள்!) : ('' '') ===கடைவலம்=== ; Do you have this in my size? : ('' '') ; How much is this? : ('' '') ; That's too expensive. : ('' '') ; Would you take _____? : ('' '') ; expensive : ('' '') ; cheap : ('' '') ; I can't afford it. : ('' '') ; I don't want it. : ('' '') ; You're cheating me. : ('' '') ; I'm not interested. : (..) ; OK, I'll take it. : ('' '') ; Can I have a bag? : ('' '') ; Do you ship (overseas)? : ('' '') ; I need... : ('' '') ; ...toothpaste. : ('' '') ; ...a toothbrush. : ('' '') ; ...tampons. : . ('' '') ; ...soap. : ('' '') ; ...shampoo. : ('' '') ; ...pain reliever. (''e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen'') : ('' '') ; ...cold medicine. : ('' '') ; ...stomach medicine. : ... ('' '') ; ...a razor. : ('' '') ; ...an umbrella. : ('' '') ; ...sunblock lotion. : ('' '') ; ...a postcard. : ('' '') ; ...postage stamps. : ('' '') ; ...batteries. : ('' '') ; ...writing paper. : ('' '') ; ...a pen. : ('' '') ; ...English-language books. : ('' '') ; ...English-language magazines. : ('' '') ; ...an English-language newspaper. : ('' '') ; ...an English-English dictionary. : ('' '') ===வாகனம் ஓட்டுதல்=== ; I want to rent a car. : ('' '') ; Can I get insurance? : ('' '') ; stop (''on a street sign'') : ('' '') ; one way : ('' '') ; yield : ('' '') ; no parking : ('' '') ; speed limit : ('' '') ; gas (''petrol'') station : ('' '') ; petrol : ('' '') ; diesel : ('' '') ===அதிகாரம்=== ; I haven't done anything wrong. : ('' '') ; It was a misunderstanding. : ('' '') ; Where are you taking me? : ('' '') ; Am I under arrest? : ('' '') ; I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to a lawyer. : ('' '') ; Can I just pay a fine now? : ('' '') {{Wy/ta/Outlinephrasebook}} {{Wy/ta/Phrasebookguide}} {{Wy/ta/WikivoyageDoc|help}} [[Category:Wy/ta/Article skeleton templates]] bh0p6hlx245h2r5ynbcww55rnfkqxum 7386289 7386287 2026-11-09T17:03:05Z Sree1959 2594881 /* கடைவலம் */ விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|}} '''மொழியின் பெயர்''' [[நாட்டில்]] பேசப்படுகின்றது. ==உச்சரிப்பு வழிகாட்டி== ===உயிரெழுத்துகள்=== ===மெய்யெழுத்துகள்=== ===பொதுவான இரு உயிரொலிக் கலவைகள்=== ==சொற்றொடர் பட்டியல்== ===அடிப்படைகள்=== {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பொதுவான அறிகுறிகள்| ; திறந்திருக்கும் : ; மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் : ; நுழைவு : ; வெளியேற்றம் : ; தள்ளுங்கள் : ; இழுங்கள் : ; கழிப்பறை : ; ஆண்கள் : ; பெண்கள் : ; தடைசெய்யப்பட்டது : }} ; வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; வணக்கம். (''முறைசாரா'') : . ('' '') ; நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்? : ? ('' ?'') ; நன்றாக இருக்கிறேன், நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன? : ? ('' ?'') ; என் பெயர் ______ . : ______ . ('' _____ .'') ; உங்களைச் சந்தித்ததில் மகிழ்ச்சி. : . ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து. : . ('' '') ; நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்களுக்கு மிக்க நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; ஆம். : . ('' '') ; இல்லை. : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''கவனத்தை ஈர்த்தல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''மன்னிப்பு வேண்டுதல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். : . ('' '') ; விடைபெறுகிறேன்: . ('' '') ; போய் வருகிறேன் (முறைசாரா): . ('' '') ; என்னால் ''மொழியின் பெயர்'' [நன்றாக] பேச முடியாது.: [ ]. ('' [ ]'') ; நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா?: ? ('' ?'') ; இங்கே ஆங்கிலம் பேசும் யாராவது இருக்கிறார்களா? : ? ('' ?'') ; உதவி! : ! ('' !'') ; கவனமாக இருங்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; காலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; மாலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு. : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு (''தூங்குவதற்கு'') : . ('' '') ; எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை. : . ('' '') ; கழிப்பறை எங்கே உள்ளது?? : ? ('' ?'') ===சிக்கல்கள்=== ; என்னைத் தனியாக விட்டுவிடுங்கள். : . ('' .'') ; என்னை தொடாதீர்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; நான் காவலரை அழைக்கிறேன். : . ('' .'') ; காவல்! : ! ('' !'') ; நில்! திருடன்! : ! ! ('' ! !'') ; எனக்கு உங்கள் உதவி வேண்டும். : . ('' .'') ; இது ஒரு அவசர நிலை. : . ('' .'') ; நான் வழி தவறிவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பணப்பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு உடல்நிலை சரியில்லை. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்குக் காயம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு ஒரு மருத்துவர் தேவை. : . ('' .'') ; உங்கள் தொலைபேசியைப் பயன்படுத்தலாமா? : ? ('' ?'') ===எண்கள்=== ; 0 : ('' '') ; 1 : ('' '') ; 2 : ('' '') ; 3 : ('' '') ; 4 : ('' '') ; 5 : ('' '') ; 6 : ('' '') ; 7 : ('' '') ; 8 : ('' '') ; 9 : ('' '') ; 10 : ('' '') ; 11 : ('' '') ; 12 : ('' '') ; 13 : ('' '') ; 14 : ('' '') ; 15 : ('' '') ; 16 : ('' '') ; 17 : ('' '') ; 18 : ('' '') ; 19 : ('' '') ; 20 : ('' '') ; 21 : ('' '') ; 22 : ('' '') ; 23 : ('' '') ; 30 : ('' '') ; 40 : ('' '') ; 50 : ('' '') ; 60 : ('' '') ; 70 : ('' '') ; 80 : ('' '') ; 90 : ('' '') ; 100 : ('' '') ; 200 : ('' '') ; 300 : ('' '') ; 1,000 : ('' '') ; 2,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; எண் _____ (தொடருந்து, பேருந்து போன்றவை.) : ('' '') ; அரை : ('' '') ; குறைவு : ('' '') ; அதிகம் : ('' '') ===நேரம்=== ; இப்பொழுது : ('' '') ; பின்னர் : ('' '') ; முன்பு : ('' '') ; காலை : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் : ('' '') ; மாலை : ('' '') ; இரவு : ('' '') ====கடிகார நேரம்==== ; அதிகாலை ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; அதிகாலை இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நண்பகல் : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நள்ளிரவு : ('' '') ====கால அளவு==== ; _____ நிமிடம் (நிமிடங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மணிநேரம் (மணிநேரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ நாள் (நாட்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ வாரம் (வாரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மாதம் (மாதங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ ஆண்டு (ஆண்டுகள்) : ('' '') ====நாட்கள்==== ; இன்று : ('' '') ; நேற்று : ('' '') ; நாளை : ('' '') ; இந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; கடந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; அடுத்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; ஞாயிறு : ('' '') ; திங்கள் : ('' '') ; செவ்வாய் : ('' '') ; புதன் : ('' '') ; வியாழன் : ('' '') ; வெள்ளி : ('' '') ; சனி : ('' '') ====மாதங்கள்==== <!--இமொழி பேசுபவர்கள் கிரிகோரியன் நாட்காட்டியைத் தவிர வேறு நாட்காட்டியைப் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தினால், அதை இங்கே விளக்கி, அதன் மாதங்களைப் பட்டியலிடவும். உதாரணத்திற்கு [[எபிரேய சொற்றொடர்நூல்]]-ஐப் பார்க்கவும்.--> ; சனவரி : ('' '') ; பெப்ருவரி : ('' '') ; மார்சு : ('' '') ; ஏப்ரில் : ('' '') ; மே : ('' '') ; சூன் : ('' '') ; சூலை : ('' '') ; ஆகத்து : ('' '') ; செப்தம்பர் : ('' '') ; அக்டோபர் : ('' '') ; நவம்பர் : ('' '') ; திசம்பர் : ('' '') ====நேரத்தையும் தேதியையும் எழுதுதல்==== <!--Give some examples how to write clock times and dates if it differs from English.--> ===வண்ணங்கள்=== ; கருப்பு : ('' '') ; வெள்ளை : ('' '') ; சாம்பல் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு : ('' '') ; நீலம் : ('' '') ; மஞ்சள் : ('' '') ; பச்சை : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு : ('' '') ; ஊதா : ('' '') ; பழுப்பு : ('' '') ===போக்குவரத்து=== ====பேருத்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து==== ; _____ செல்வதற்கான பயணச்சீட்டுக் கட்டணம் எவ்வளவு? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கு ஒரு பயணச்சீட்டு கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே செல்கிறது? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே உள்ளது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-இல் நிற்குமா? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எப்போது புறப்படுகிறது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-க்கு எப்போது வந்து சேரும்? : ('' '') ====திசைகள்==== ; நான் எப்படி _____ செல்வது? : ('' '') ; ...தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...நகர மையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...இளைஞர் விடுதிக்கு? : ('' '') ; ..._____ ஹோட்டலுக்கு? : ('' '') ; ...அமெரிக்க/கனடிய/ஆத்திரேலிய/பிரித்தானிய தூதரகத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; எங்கே நிறைய _____ உள்ளன? : ('' '') ; ...ஓட்டல்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...உணவகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...மதுக்கூடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; வரைபடத்தில் காட்ட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; தெரு : ('' '') ; இடதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; வலதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; இடது : ('' '') ; வலது : ('' '') ; நேராக : ('' '') ; _____ நோக்கி : ('' '') ; _____ தாண்டி : ('' '') ; _____ முன்பாக : ('' '') ; _____ கவனியுங்கள். : ('' '') ; சந்திப்பு : ('' '') ; வடக்கு : ('' '') ; தெற்கு : ('' '') ; கிழக்கு : ('' '') ; மேற்கு : ('' '') ; மேல்நோக்கி : ('' '') ; கீழ்நோக்கி : ('' '') ====வாடகை வண்டி==== ; டாக்ஸி! : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை _____க்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ; _____க்குச் செல்ல எவ்வளவு செலவாகும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை அங்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ===தங்குதல்=== ; அறைகள் ஏதேனும் காலியாக உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு நபருக்கு/இரு நபர்களுக்கு ஒரு அறையின் வாடகை என்ன? : ('' '') ; இந்த அறையில் ... வசதிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ... படுக்கை விரிப்புகள்? : ('' '') ; ... குளியலறை? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைபேசி? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைக்காட்சி? : ('' '') ; அறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் அமைதியான அறை ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் பெரிய அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் சுத்தமான அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் மலிவான அறை? : ('' '') ; சரி, நான் இந்த அறையை எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறேன். : ('' '') ; நான் _____ இரவு(கள்) தங்கப்போகிறேன். : ('' '') ; வேறு ஏதேனும் ஓட்டலைப் பரிந்துரைக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகம் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு வாடகையில் அடங்குமா? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு எந்த நேரத்தில் பரிமாறப்படும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என் அறையைச் சுத்தம் செய்யுங்கள். : ('' '') ; என்னை _____ மணிக்கு எழுப்பிவிட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் ஓட்டலிலிருந்து கிளம்ப விரும்புகிறேன் (கணக்கை முடித்துக்கொள்ள விரும்புகிறேன்). : ('' '') ===பணம்=== ; நீங்கள் அமெரிக்க/ஆத்திரேலிய/கனடிய டாலர்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் பிரித்தானிய பவுண்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் யூரோக்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் கிரெடிட் கார்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பணத்தை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பணத்தை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; பண மாற்று விகிதம் என்ன? : ('' '') ; ஏடிஎம் எங்கே இருக்கிறது? : ('' '') ===உண்ணுதல்=== ; ஒருவருக்கான/இருவருக்கான மேசை கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; உணவக மெனுவைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; சமையலறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இந்த உணவகத்தின் சிறப்ப உணவு ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; இந்த ஊருக்கே உரிய சிறப்பு உணவு ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; நான் சைவ உணவு உண்பவன்/உண்பவள். : ('' '') ; நான் பன்றி இறைச்சி உண்பதில்லை. : ('' '') ; நான் மாட்டிறைச்சி உண்பதில்லை. : ('' '') ; நான் 'கோஷர்' (யூத முறைப்படி தயாரிக்கப்பட்ட) உணவை மட்டுமே உண்பேன். : ('' '') ; இதில் எண்ணெய்/வெண்ணெய்/கொழுப்பு ஆகியவற்றைக் குறைத்துத் தர முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நிலையான விலையிலான முழு உணவு: ('' '') ; தனித்தனி உணவுகளைத் தேர்ந்தெடுத்து ஆர்டர் செய்யும் முறை: ('' '') ; காலை உணவு : ('' '') ; மதிய உணவு : ('' '') ; மாலை நேர உணவு : ('' '') ; இரவு உணவு : ('' '') ; எனக்கு _____ வேண்டும். : ('' '') ; _____ கலந்த உணவு ஒன்று வேண்டும். : ('' '') ; கோழி இறைச்சி : ('' '') ; மாட்டிறைச்சி : ('' '') ; மீன் : ('' '') ; பன்றி இறைச்சி : ('' '') ; தொத்திறைச்சி : ('' '') ; சீஸ் : ('' '') ; முட்டை : ('' '') ; சாலட் : ('' '') ; (புதிய) காய்கறிகள் : ('' '') ; (புதிய) பழங்கள் : ('' '') ; ரொட்டி : ('' '') ; டோஸ்ட் : ('' '') ; நூடுல்ஸ் : ('' '') ; சாதம்/அரிசி : ('' '') ; பயறு வகைகள்/பீன்ஸ் : ('' '') ; ஒரு டம்ளர் _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு கோப்பை _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு பாட்டில் _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; காபி : ('' '') ; தேநீர் : ('' '') ; பழச்சாறு : ('' '') ; கார்பனேற்றப்பட்ட (வாயு கலந்த) தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; சாதாரண தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; பீர் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு/வெள்ளை ஒயின் : ('' '') ; எனக்குச் சிறிது _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; உப்பு : ('' '') ; மிளகு : ('' '') ; வெண்ணெய் : ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும், பணியாளரே? (''பணியாளரின் கவனத்தை ஈர்க்க''): ('' '') ; நான் சாப்பிட்டு முடித்துவிட்டேன். : ('' '') ; மிகவும் சுவையாக இருந்தது. : ('' '') ; தட்டுகளை எடுத்துவிடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; கணக்குக் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ===மதுசாலைகள்=== ; மதுபானங்கள் கிடைக்கின்றனவா? : ('' '') ; மேசையிலேயே பரிமாறும் வசதி உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு பீர்/இரண்டு பீர் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு கிளாசு ரெட் ஒயின்/ஒயிட் ஒயின் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு பைண்ட் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு பாட்டில் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; _____ (மதுபானம்) மற்றும் _____ (அதனுடன் கலக்கும் பானம்) கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; விஸ்கி : ('' '') ; வோட்கா : ('' '') ; ரம் : ('' '') ; தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; கிளப் சோடா : ('' '') ; டோனிக் வாட்டர் : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு ஜூஸ் : ('' '') ; கோக் (சோடா பானம்) : ('' '') ; மதுபானத்துடன் சேர்த்து உண்ண ஏதேனும் சிற்றுண்டிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் ஒன்று கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; மீண்டும் ஒரு சுற்று (அனைவருக்கும்) கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; கடை எப்போது மூடப்படும்? : ('' '') ; சியர்ஸ்! (வாழ்த்துகள்!) : ('' '') ===கடைவலம்=== ; இது என் அளவில் கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; இதன் விலை என்ன? : ('' '') ; இது மிகவும் விலை அதிகம். : ('' '') ; இதற்குப் பதிலாக _____ கொடுக்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; விலை அதிகம் : ('' '') ; விலை குறைவு : ('' '') ; என்னால் இதை வாங்க முடியாது. : ('' '') ; எனக்கு இது வேண்டாம். : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் என்னை ஏமாற்றுகிறீர்கள். : ('' '') ; எனக்கு இதில் விருப்பமில்லை. : (..) ; சரி, நான் இதை வாங்கிக்கொள்கிறேன். : ('' '') ; எனக்கு ஒரு பை கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; வெளிநாட்டிற்கு அனுப்பி வைப்பீர்களா? : ('' '') ; எனக்கு இது தேவை... : ('' '') ; ...பற்பசை. : ('' '') ; ...பல் துலக்கும் பிரசு. : ('' '') ; ...சானிட்டரி பேட்கள் : . ('' '') ; ...சோப்பு. : ('' '') ; ...சாம்பு. : ('' '') ; ...வலி நிவாரணி (உதாரணமாக, ஆசுபிரின்). : ('' '') ; ...சளி/ஜலதோசத்திற்கான மருந்து. : ('' '') ; ...வயிற்று உபாதைகளுக்கான மருந்து. : ... ('' '') ; ...ரேசர் (சவரக் கருவி). : ('' '') ; ...குடை. : ('' '') ; ...சன்ஸ்கிரீன் லோஷன் (வெயிலிலிருந்து பாதுகாக்கும் களிம்பு). : ('' '') ; ...அஞ்சல் அட்டை : ('' '') ; ...அஞ்சல் தலைகள். : ('' '') ; ...பேட்டரிகள். : ('' '') ; ...எழுதுவதற்கான காகிதம். : ('' '') ; ...பேனா. : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில புத்தகங்கள். : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில இதழ்கள். : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில செய்தித்தாள். : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில அகராதி. : ('' '') ===வாகனம் ஓட்டுதல்=== ; I want to rent a car. : ('' '') ; Can I get insurance? : ('' '') ; stop (''on a street sign'') : ('' '') ; one way : ('' '') ; yield : ('' '') ; no parking : ('' '') ; speed limit : ('' '') ; gas (''petrol'') station : ('' '') ; petrol : ('' '') ; diesel : ('' '') ===அதிகாரம்=== ; I haven't done anything wrong. : ('' '') ; It was a misunderstanding. : ('' '') ; Where are you taking me? : ('' '') ; Am I under arrest? : ('' '') ; I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to a lawyer. : ('' '') ; Can I just pay a fine now? : ('' '') {{Wy/ta/Outlinephrasebook}} {{Wy/ta/Phrasebookguide}} {{Wy/ta/WikivoyageDoc|help}} [[Category:Wy/ta/Article skeleton templates]] h3ynmg1opdw1cwzm29kovgkxfis7tnt 7386290 7386289 2026-11-09T17:04:01Z Sree1959 2594881 /* வாகனம் ஓட்டுதல் */ விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|}} '''மொழியின் பெயர்''' [[நாட்டில்]] பேசப்படுகின்றது. ==உச்சரிப்பு வழிகாட்டி== ===உயிரெழுத்துகள்=== ===மெய்யெழுத்துகள்=== ===பொதுவான இரு உயிரொலிக் கலவைகள்=== ==சொற்றொடர் பட்டியல்== ===அடிப்படைகள்=== {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பொதுவான அறிகுறிகள்| ; திறந்திருக்கும் : ; மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் : ; நுழைவு : ; வெளியேற்றம் : ; தள்ளுங்கள் : ; இழுங்கள் : ; கழிப்பறை : ; ஆண்கள் : ; பெண்கள் : ; தடைசெய்யப்பட்டது : }} ; வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; வணக்கம். (''முறைசாரா'') : . ('' '') ; நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்? : ? ('' ?'') ; நன்றாக இருக்கிறேன், நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன? : ? ('' ?'') ; என் பெயர் ______ . : ______ . ('' _____ .'') ; உங்களைச் சந்தித்ததில் மகிழ்ச்சி. : . ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து. : . ('' '') ; நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்களுக்கு மிக்க நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; ஆம். : . ('' '') ; இல்லை. : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''கவனத்தை ஈர்த்தல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''மன்னிப்பு வேண்டுதல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். : . ('' '') ; விடைபெறுகிறேன்: . ('' '') ; போய் வருகிறேன் (முறைசாரா): . ('' '') ; என்னால் ''மொழியின் பெயர்'' [நன்றாக] பேச முடியாது.: [ ]. ('' [ ]'') ; நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா?: ? ('' ?'') ; இங்கே ஆங்கிலம் பேசும் யாராவது இருக்கிறார்களா? : ? ('' ?'') ; உதவி! : ! ('' !'') ; கவனமாக இருங்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; காலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; மாலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு. : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு (''தூங்குவதற்கு'') : . ('' '') ; எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை. : . ('' '') ; கழிப்பறை எங்கே உள்ளது?? : ? ('' ?'') ===சிக்கல்கள்=== ; என்னைத் தனியாக விட்டுவிடுங்கள். : . ('' .'') ; என்னை தொடாதீர்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; நான் காவலரை அழைக்கிறேன். : . ('' .'') ; காவல்! : ! ('' !'') ; நில்! திருடன்! : ! ! ('' ! !'') ; எனக்கு உங்கள் உதவி வேண்டும். : . ('' .'') ; இது ஒரு அவசர நிலை. : . ('' .'') ; நான் வழி தவறிவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பணப்பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு உடல்நிலை சரியில்லை. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்குக் காயம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு ஒரு மருத்துவர் தேவை. : . ('' .'') ; உங்கள் தொலைபேசியைப் பயன்படுத்தலாமா? : ? ('' ?'') ===எண்கள்=== ; 0 : ('' '') ; 1 : ('' '') ; 2 : ('' '') ; 3 : ('' '') ; 4 : ('' '') ; 5 : ('' '') ; 6 : ('' '') ; 7 : ('' '') ; 8 : ('' '') ; 9 : ('' '') ; 10 : ('' '') ; 11 : ('' '') ; 12 : ('' '') ; 13 : ('' '') ; 14 : ('' '') ; 15 : ('' '') ; 16 : ('' '') ; 17 : ('' '') ; 18 : ('' '') ; 19 : ('' '') ; 20 : ('' '') ; 21 : ('' '') ; 22 : ('' '') ; 23 : ('' '') ; 30 : ('' '') ; 40 : ('' '') ; 50 : ('' '') ; 60 : ('' '') ; 70 : ('' '') ; 80 : ('' '') ; 90 : ('' '') ; 100 : ('' '') ; 200 : ('' '') ; 300 : ('' '') ; 1,000 : ('' '') ; 2,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; எண் _____ (தொடருந்து, பேருந்து போன்றவை.) : ('' '') ; அரை : ('' '') ; குறைவு : ('' '') ; அதிகம் : ('' '') ===நேரம்=== ; இப்பொழுது : ('' '') ; பின்னர் : ('' '') ; முன்பு : ('' '') ; காலை : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் : ('' '') ; மாலை : ('' '') ; இரவு : ('' '') ====கடிகார நேரம்==== ; அதிகாலை ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; அதிகாலை இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நண்பகல் : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நள்ளிரவு : ('' '') ====கால அளவு==== ; _____ நிமிடம் (நிமிடங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மணிநேரம் (மணிநேரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ நாள் (நாட்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ வாரம் (வாரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மாதம் (மாதங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ ஆண்டு (ஆண்டுகள்) : ('' '') ====நாட்கள்==== ; இன்று : ('' '') ; நேற்று : ('' '') ; நாளை : ('' '') ; இந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; கடந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; அடுத்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; ஞாயிறு : ('' '') ; திங்கள் : ('' '') ; செவ்வாய் : ('' '') ; புதன் : ('' '') ; வியாழன் : ('' '') ; வெள்ளி : ('' '') ; சனி : ('' '') ====மாதங்கள்==== <!--இமொழி பேசுபவர்கள் கிரிகோரியன் நாட்காட்டியைத் தவிர வேறு நாட்காட்டியைப் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தினால், அதை இங்கே விளக்கி, அதன் மாதங்களைப் பட்டியலிடவும். உதாரணத்திற்கு [[எபிரேய சொற்றொடர்நூல்]]-ஐப் பார்க்கவும்.--> ; சனவரி : ('' '') ; பெப்ருவரி : ('' '') ; மார்சு : ('' '') ; ஏப்ரில் : ('' '') ; மே : ('' '') ; சூன் : ('' '') ; சூலை : ('' '') ; ஆகத்து : ('' '') ; செப்தம்பர் : ('' '') ; அக்டோபர் : ('' '') ; நவம்பர் : ('' '') ; திசம்பர் : ('' '') ====நேரத்தையும் தேதியையும் எழுதுதல்==== <!--Give some examples how to write clock times and dates if it differs from English.--> ===வண்ணங்கள்=== ; கருப்பு : ('' '') ; வெள்ளை : ('' '') ; சாம்பல் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு : ('' '') ; நீலம் : ('' '') ; மஞ்சள் : ('' '') ; பச்சை : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு : ('' '') ; ஊதா : ('' '') ; பழுப்பு : ('' '') ===போக்குவரத்து=== ====பேருத்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து==== ; _____ செல்வதற்கான பயணச்சீட்டுக் கட்டணம் எவ்வளவு? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கு ஒரு பயணச்சீட்டு கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே செல்கிறது? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே உள்ளது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-இல் நிற்குமா? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எப்போது புறப்படுகிறது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-க்கு எப்போது வந்து சேரும்? : ('' '') ====திசைகள்==== ; நான் எப்படி _____ செல்வது? : ('' '') ; ...தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...நகர மையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...இளைஞர் விடுதிக்கு? : ('' '') ; ..._____ ஹோட்டலுக்கு? : ('' '') ; ...அமெரிக்க/கனடிய/ஆத்திரேலிய/பிரித்தானிய தூதரகத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; எங்கே நிறைய _____ உள்ளன? : ('' '') ; ...ஓட்டல்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...உணவகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...மதுக்கூடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; வரைபடத்தில் காட்ட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; தெரு : ('' '') ; இடதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; வலதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; இடது : ('' '') ; வலது : ('' '') ; நேராக : ('' '') ; _____ நோக்கி : ('' '') ; _____ தாண்டி : ('' '') ; _____ முன்பாக : ('' '') ; _____ கவனியுங்கள். : ('' '') ; சந்திப்பு : ('' '') ; வடக்கு : ('' '') ; தெற்கு : ('' '') ; கிழக்கு : ('' '') ; மேற்கு : ('' '') ; மேல்நோக்கி : ('' '') ; கீழ்நோக்கி : ('' '') ====வாடகை வண்டி==== ; டாக்ஸி! : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை _____க்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ; _____க்குச் செல்ல எவ்வளவு செலவாகும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை அங்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ===தங்குதல்=== ; அறைகள் ஏதேனும் காலியாக உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு நபருக்கு/இரு நபர்களுக்கு ஒரு அறையின் வாடகை என்ன? : ('' '') ; இந்த அறையில் ... வசதிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ... படுக்கை விரிப்புகள்? : ('' '') ; ... குளியலறை? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைபேசி? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைக்காட்சி? : ('' '') ; அறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் அமைதியான அறை ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் பெரிய அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் சுத்தமான அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் மலிவான அறை? : ('' '') ; சரி, நான் இந்த அறையை எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறேன். : ('' '') ; நான் _____ இரவு(கள்) தங்கப்போகிறேன். : ('' '') ; வேறு ஏதேனும் ஓட்டலைப் பரிந்துரைக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகம் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு வாடகையில் அடங்குமா? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு எந்த நேரத்தில் பரிமாறப்படும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என் அறையைச் சுத்தம் செய்யுங்கள். : ('' '') ; என்னை _____ மணிக்கு எழுப்பிவிட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் ஓட்டலிலிருந்து கிளம்ப விரும்புகிறேன் (கணக்கை முடித்துக்கொள்ள விரும்புகிறேன்). : ('' '') ===பணம்=== ; நீங்கள் அமெரிக்க/ஆத்திரேலிய/கனடிய டாலர்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் பிரித்தானிய பவுண்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் யூரோக்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் கிரெடிட் கார்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பணத்தை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பணத்தை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; பண மாற்று விகிதம் என்ன? : ('' '') ; ஏடிஎம் எங்கே இருக்கிறது? : ('' '') ===உண்ணுதல்=== ; ஒருவருக்கான/இருவருக்கான மேசை கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; உணவக மெனுவைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; சமையலறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இந்த உணவகத்தின் சிறப்ப உணவு ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; இந்த ஊருக்கே உரிய சிறப்பு உணவு ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; நான் சைவ உணவு உண்பவன்/உண்பவள். : ('' '') ; நான் பன்றி இறைச்சி உண்பதில்லை. : ('' '') ; நான் மாட்டிறைச்சி உண்பதில்லை. : ('' '') ; நான் 'கோஷர்' (யூத முறைப்படி தயாரிக்கப்பட்ட) உணவை மட்டுமே உண்பேன். : ('' '') ; இதில் எண்ணெய்/வெண்ணெய்/கொழுப்பு ஆகியவற்றைக் குறைத்துத் தர முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நிலையான விலையிலான முழு உணவு: ('' '') ; தனித்தனி உணவுகளைத் தேர்ந்தெடுத்து ஆர்டர் செய்யும் முறை: ('' '') ; காலை உணவு : ('' '') ; மதிய உணவு : ('' '') ; மாலை நேர உணவு : ('' '') ; இரவு உணவு : ('' '') ; எனக்கு _____ வேண்டும். : ('' '') ; _____ கலந்த உணவு ஒன்று வேண்டும். : ('' '') ; கோழி இறைச்சி : ('' '') ; மாட்டிறைச்சி : ('' '') ; மீன் : ('' '') ; பன்றி இறைச்சி : ('' '') ; தொத்திறைச்சி : ('' '') ; சீஸ் : ('' '') ; முட்டை : ('' '') ; சாலட் : ('' '') ; (புதிய) காய்கறிகள் : ('' '') ; (புதிய) பழங்கள் : ('' '') ; ரொட்டி : ('' '') ; டோஸ்ட் : ('' '') ; நூடுல்ஸ் : ('' '') ; சாதம்/அரிசி : ('' '') ; பயறு வகைகள்/பீன்ஸ் : ('' '') ; ஒரு டம்ளர் _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு கோப்பை _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு பாட்டில் _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; காபி : ('' '') ; தேநீர் : ('' '') ; பழச்சாறு : ('' '') ; கார்பனேற்றப்பட்ட (வாயு கலந்த) தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; சாதாரண தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; பீர் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு/வெள்ளை ஒயின் : ('' '') ; எனக்குச் சிறிது _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; உப்பு : ('' '') ; மிளகு : ('' '') ; வெண்ணெய் : ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும், பணியாளரே? (''பணியாளரின் கவனத்தை ஈர்க்க''): ('' '') ; நான் சாப்பிட்டு முடித்துவிட்டேன். : ('' '') ; மிகவும் சுவையாக இருந்தது. : ('' '') ; தட்டுகளை எடுத்துவிடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; கணக்குக் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ===மதுசாலைகள்=== ; மதுபானங்கள் கிடைக்கின்றனவா? : ('' '') ; மேசையிலேயே பரிமாறும் வசதி உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு பீர்/இரண்டு பீர் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு கிளாசு ரெட் ஒயின்/ஒயிட் ஒயின் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு பைண்ட் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு பாட்டில் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; _____ (மதுபானம்) மற்றும் _____ (அதனுடன் கலக்கும் பானம்) கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; விஸ்கி : ('' '') ; வோட்கா : ('' '') ; ரம் : ('' '') ; தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; கிளப் சோடா : ('' '') ; டோனிக் வாட்டர் : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு ஜூஸ் : ('' '') ; கோக் (சோடா பானம்) : ('' '') ; மதுபானத்துடன் சேர்த்து உண்ண ஏதேனும் சிற்றுண்டிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் ஒன்று கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; மீண்டும் ஒரு சுற்று (அனைவருக்கும்) கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; கடை எப்போது மூடப்படும்? : ('' '') ; சியர்ஸ்! (வாழ்த்துகள்!) : ('' '') ===கடைவலம்=== ; இது என் அளவில் கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; இதன் விலை என்ன? : ('' '') ; இது மிகவும் விலை அதிகம். : ('' '') ; இதற்குப் பதிலாக _____ கொடுக்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; விலை அதிகம் : ('' '') ; விலை குறைவு : ('' '') ; என்னால் இதை வாங்க முடியாது. : ('' '') ; எனக்கு இது வேண்டாம். : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் என்னை ஏமாற்றுகிறீர்கள். : ('' '') ; எனக்கு இதில் விருப்பமில்லை. : (..) ; சரி, நான் இதை வாங்கிக்கொள்கிறேன். : ('' '') ; எனக்கு ஒரு பை கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; வெளிநாட்டிற்கு அனுப்பி வைப்பீர்களா? : ('' '') ; எனக்கு இது தேவை... : ('' '') ; ...பற்பசை. : ('' '') ; ...பல் துலக்கும் பிரசு. : ('' '') ; ...சானிட்டரி பேட்கள் : . ('' '') ; ...சோப்பு. : ('' '') ; ...சாம்பு. : ('' '') ; ...வலி நிவாரணி (உதாரணமாக, ஆசுபிரின்). : ('' '') ; ...சளி/ஜலதோசத்திற்கான மருந்து. : ('' '') ; ...வயிற்று உபாதைகளுக்கான மருந்து. : ... ('' '') ; ...ரேசர் (சவரக் கருவி). : ('' '') ; ...குடை. : ('' '') ; ...சன்ஸ்கிரீன் லோஷன் (வெயிலிலிருந்து பாதுகாக்கும் களிம்பு). : ('' '') ; ...அஞ்சல் அட்டை : ('' '') ; ...அஞ்சல் தலைகள். : ('' '') ; ...பேட்டரிகள். : ('' '') ; ...எழுதுவதற்கான காகிதம். : ('' '') ; ...பேனா. : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில புத்தகங்கள். : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில இதழ்கள். : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில செய்தித்தாள். : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில அகராதி. : ('' '') ===வாகனம் ஓட்டுதல்=== ; நான் ஒரு கார் வாடகைக்கு எடுக்க விரும்புகிறேன். : ('' '') ; எனக்குக் காப்பீடு கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; நிறுத்து (''சாலைக் குறியீட்டில்'') : ('' '') ; ஒரு வழிப்பாதை : ('' '') ; வழிவிடு (''பிற வாகனங்களுக்கு முன்னுரிமை அளிக்கவும்'') : ('' '') ; வாகனங்களை நிறுத்தக்கூடாது : ('' '') ; வேக வரம்பு : ('' '') ; எரிபொருள் நிரப்பு நிலையம் : ('' '') ; பெட்ரோல் : ('' '') ; டீசல் : ('' '') ===அதிகாரம்=== ; I haven't done anything wrong. : ('' '') ; It was a misunderstanding. : ('' '') ; Where are you taking me? : ('' '') ; Am I under arrest? : ('' '') ; I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. : ('' '') ; I want to talk to a lawyer. : ('' '') ; Can I just pay a fine now? : ('' '') {{Wy/ta/Outlinephrasebook}} {{Wy/ta/Phrasebookguide}} {{Wy/ta/WikivoyageDoc|help}} [[Category:Wy/ta/Article skeleton templates]] r0d66e1g8wk67v8q14wse0gjcz26xvn 7386291 7386290 2026-11-09T17:05:15Z Sree1959 2594881 /* அதிகாரம் */ விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|}} '''மொழியின் பெயர்''' [[நாட்டில்]] பேசப்படுகின்றது. ==உச்சரிப்பு வழிகாட்டி== ===உயிரெழுத்துகள்=== ===மெய்யெழுத்துகள்=== ===பொதுவான இரு உயிரொலிக் கலவைகள்=== ==சொற்றொடர் பட்டியல்== ===அடிப்படைகள்=== {{Wy/ta/Infobox|பொதுவான அறிகுறிகள்| ; திறந்திருக்கும் : ; மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் : ; நுழைவு : ; வெளியேற்றம் : ; தள்ளுங்கள் : ; இழுங்கள் : ; கழிப்பறை : ; ஆண்கள் : ; பெண்கள் : ; தடைசெய்யப்பட்டது : }} ; வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; வணக்கம். (''முறைசாரா'') : . ('' '') ; நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்? : ? ('' ?'') ; நன்றாக இருக்கிறேன், நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன? : ? ('' ?'') ; என் பெயர் ______ . : ______ . ('' _____ .'') ; உங்களைச் சந்தித்ததில் மகிழ்ச்சி. : . ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து. : . ('' '') ; நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; உங்களுக்கு மிக்க நன்றி. : . ('' '') ; ஆம். : . ('' '') ; இல்லை. : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''கவனத்தை ஈர்த்தல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். (''மன்னிப்பு வேண்டுதல்'') : . ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும். : . ('' '') ; விடைபெறுகிறேன்: . ('' '') ; போய் வருகிறேன் (முறைசாரா): . ('' '') ; என்னால் ''மொழியின் பெயர்'' [நன்றாக] பேச முடியாது.: [ ]. ('' [ ]'') ; நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா?: ? ('' ?'') ; இங்கே ஆங்கிலம் பேசும் யாராவது இருக்கிறார்களா? : ? ('' ?'') ; உதவி! : ! ('' !'') ; கவனமாக இருங்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; காலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; மாலை வணக்கம். : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு. : . ('' '') ; இனிய இரவு (''தூங்குவதற்கு'') : . ('' '') ; எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை. : . ('' '') ; கழிப்பறை எங்கே உள்ளது?? : ? ('' ?'') ===சிக்கல்கள்=== ; என்னைத் தனியாக விட்டுவிடுங்கள். : . ('' .'') ; என்னை தொடாதீர்கள்! : ! ('' !'') ; நான் காவலரை அழைக்கிறேன். : . ('' .'') ; காவல்! : ! ('' !'') ; நில்! திருடன்! : ! ! ('' ! !'') ; எனக்கு உங்கள் உதவி வேண்டும். : . ('' .'') ; இது ஒரு அவசர நிலை. : . ('' .'') ; நான் வழி தவறிவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; என் பணப்பையைத் தொலைத்துவிட்டேன். : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு உடல்நிலை சரியில்லை. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்குக் காயம் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது. : . ('' .'') ; எனக்கு ஒரு மருத்துவர் தேவை. : . ('' .'') ; உங்கள் தொலைபேசியைப் பயன்படுத்தலாமா? : ? ('' ?'') ===எண்கள்=== ; 0 : ('' '') ; 1 : ('' '') ; 2 : ('' '') ; 3 : ('' '') ; 4 : ('' '') ; 5 : ('' '') ; 6 : ('' '') ; 7 : ('' '') ; 8 : ('' '') ; 9 : ('' '') ; 10 : ('' '') ; 11 : ('' '') ; 12 : ('' '') ; 13 : ('' '') ; 14 : ('' '') ; 15 : ('' '') ; 16 : ('' '') ; 17 : ('' '') ; 18 : ('' '') ; 19 : ('' '') ; 20 : ('' '') ; 21 : ('' '') ; 22 : ('' '') ; 23 : ('' '') ; 30 : ('' '') ; 40 : ('' '') ; 50 : ('' '') ; 60 : ('' '') ; 70 : ('' '') ; 80 : ('' '') ; 90 : ('' '') ; 100 : ('' '') ; 200 : ('' '') ; 300 : ('' '') ; 1,000 : ('' '') ; 2,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; 1,000,000,000,000 : ('' '') ; எண் _____ (தொடருந்து, பேருந்து போன்றவை.) : ('' '') ; அரை : ('' '') ; குறைவு : ('' '') ; அதிகம் : ('' '') ===நேரம்=== ; இப்பொழுது : ('' '') ; பின்னர் : ('' '') ; முன்பு : ('' '') ; காலை : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் : ('' '') ; மாலை : ('' '') ; இரவு : ('' '') ====கடிகார நேரம்==== ; அதிகாலை ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; அதிகாலை இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நண்பகல் : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் ஒரு மணி : ('' '') ; பிற்பகல் இரண்டு மணி : ('' '') ; நள்ளிரவு : ('' '') ====கால அளவு==== ; _____ நிமிடம் (நிமிடங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மணிநேரம் (மணிநேரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ நாள் (நாட்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ வாரம் (வாரங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ மாதம் (மாதங்கள்) : ('' '') ; _____ ஆண்டு (ஆண்டுகள்) : ('' '') ====நாட்கள்==== ; இன்று : ('' '') ; நேற்று : ('' '') ; நாளை : ('' '') ; இந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; கடந்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; அடுத்த வாரம் : ('' '') ; ஞாயிறு : ('' '') ; திங்கள் : ('' '') ; செவ்வாய் : ('' '') ; புதன் : ('' '') ; வியாழன் : ('' '') ; வெள்ளி : ('' '') ; சனி : ('' '') ====மாதங்கள்==== <!--இமொழி பேசுபவர்கள் கிரிகோரியன் நாட்காட்டியைத் தவிர வேறு நாட்காட்டியைப் பொதுவாகப் பயன்படுத்தினால், அதை இங்கே விளக்கி, அதன் மாதங்களைப் பட்டியலிடவும். உதாரணத்திற்கு [[எபிரேய சொற்றொடர்நூல்]]-ஐப் பார்க்கவும்.--> ; சனவரி : ('' '') ; பெப்ருவரி : ('' '') ; மார்சு : ('' '') ; ஏப்ரில் : ('' '') ; மே : ('' '') ; சூன் : ('' '') ; சூலை : ('' '') ; ஆகத்து : ('' '') ; செப்தம்பர் : ('' '') ; அக்டோபர் : ('' '') ; நவம்பர் : ('' '') ; திசம்பர் : ('' '') ====நேரத்தையும் தேதியையும் எழுதுதல்==== <!--Give some examples how to write clock times and dates if it differs from English.--> ===வண்ணங்கள்=== ; கருப்பு : ('' '') ; வெள்ளை : ('' '') ; சாம்பல் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு : ('' '') ; நீலம் : ('' '') ; மஞ்சள் : ('' '') ; பச்சை : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு : ('' '') ; ஊதா : ('' '') ; பழுப்பு : ('' '') ===போக்குவரத்து=== ====பேருத்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து==== ; _____ செல்வதற்கான பயணச்சீட்டுக் கட்டணம் எவ்வளவு? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கு ஒரு பயணச்சீட்டு கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே செல்கிறது? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எங்கே உள்ளது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-இல் நிற்குமா? : ('' '') ; _____ செல்வதற்கான தொடருந்து/பேருந்து எப்போது புறப்படுகிறது? : ('' '') ; இந்த தொடருந்து/பேருந்து _____-க்கு எப்போது வந்து சேரும்? : ('' '') ====திசைகள்==== ; நான் எப்படி _____ செல்வது? : ('' '') ; ...தொடருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...வானூர்தி நிலையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...நகர மையத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; ...இளைஞர் விடுதிக்கு? : ('' '') ; ..._____ ஹோட்டலுக்கு? : ('' '') ; ...அமெரிக்க/கனடிய/ஆத்திரேலிய/பிரித்தானிய தூதரகத்திற்கு? : ('' '') ; எங்கே நிறைய _____ உள்ளன? : ('' '') ; ...ஓட்டல்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...உணவகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...மதுக்கூடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; ...பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடங்கள்? : ('' '') ; வரைபடத்தில் காட்ட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; தெரு : ('' '') ; இடதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; வலதுபுறம் திரும்புங்கள். : ('' '') ; இடது : ('' '') ; வலது : ('' '') ; நேராக : ('' '') ; _____ நோக்கி : ('' '') ; _____ தாண்டி : ('' '') ; _____ முன்பாக : ('' '') ; _____ கவனியுங்கள். : ('' '') ; சந்திப்பு : ('' '') ; வடக்கு : ('' '') ; தெற்கு : ('' '') ; கிழக்கு : ('' '') ; மேற்கு : ('' '') ; மேல்நோக்கி : ('' '') ; கீழ்நோக்கி : ('' '') ====வாடகை வண்டி==== ; டாக்ஸி! : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை _____க்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ; _____க்குச் செல்ல எவ்வளவு செலவாகும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என்னை அங்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். : ('' '') ===தங்குதல்=== ; அறைகள் ஏதேனும் காலியாக உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு நபருக்கு/இரு நபர்களுக்கு ஒரு அறையின் வாடகை என்ன? : ('' '') ; இந்த அறையில் ... வசதிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; ... படுக்கை விரிப்புகள்? : ('' '') ; ... குளியலறை? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைபேசி? : ('' '') ; ... தொலைக்காட்சி? : ('' '') ; அறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் அமைதியான அறை ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் பெரிய அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் சுத்தமான அறை? : ('' '') ; ... இன்னும் மலிவான அறை? : ('' '') ; சரி, நான் இந்த அறையை எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறேன். : ('' '') ; நான் _____ இரவு(கள்) தங்கப்போகிறேன். : ('' '') ; வேறு ஏதேனும் ஓட்டலைப் பரிந்துரைக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகம் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ... பாதுகாப்புப் பெட்டகங்கள்? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு வாடகையில் அடங்குமா? : ('' '') ; காலை உணவு/இரவு உணவு எந்த நேரத்தில் பரிமாறப்படும்? : ('' '') ; தயவுசெய்து என் அறையைச் சுத்தம் செய்யுங்கள். : ('' '') ; என்னை _____ மணிக்கு எழுப்பிவிட முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் ஓட்டலிலிருந்து கிளம்ப விரும்புகிறேன் (கணக்கை முடித்துக்கொள்ள விரும்புகிறேன்). : ('' '') ===பணம்=== ; நீங்கள் அமெரிக்க/ஆத்திரேலிய/கனடிய டாலர்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் பிரித்தானிய பவுண்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் யூரோக்களை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் கிரெடிட் கார்டுகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறீர்களா? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பணத்தை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பணத்தை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; எனக்காக பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக் கொடுக்க முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நான் எங்கே பயணிகள் காசோலையை மாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்? : ('' '') ; பண மாற்று விகிதம் என்ன? : ('' '') ; ஏடிஎம் எங்கே இருக்கிறது? : ('' '') ===உண்ணுதல்=== ; ஒருவருக்கான/இருவருக்கான மேசை கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; உணவக மெனுவைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; சமையலறையைப் பார்க்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; இந்த உணவகத்தின் சிறப்ப உணவு ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; இந்த ஊருக்கே உரிய சிறப்பு உணவு ஏதேனும் உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; நான் சைவ உணவு உண்பவன்/உண்பவள். : ('' '') ; நான் பன்றி இறைச்சி உண்பதில்லை. : ('' '') ; நான் மாட்டிறைச்சி உண்பதில்லை. : ('' '') ; நான் 'கோஷர்' (யூத முறைப்படி தயாரிக்கப்பட்ட) உணவை மட்டுமே உண்பேன். : ('' '') ; இதில் எண்ணெய்/வெண்ணெய்/கொழுப்பு ஆகியவற்றைக் குறைத்துத் தர முடியுமா? : ('' '') ; நிலையான விலையிலான முழு உணவு: ('' '') ; தனித்தனி உணவுகளைத் தேர்ந்தெடுத்து ஆர்டர் செய்யும் முறை: ('' '') ; காலை உணவு : ('' '') ; மதிய உணவு : ('' '') ; மாலை நேர உணவு : ('' '') ; இரவு உணவு : ('' '') ; எனக்கு _____ வேண்டும். : ('' '') ; _____ கலந்த உணவு ஒன்று வேண்டும். : ('' '') ; கோழி இறைச்சி : ('' '') ; மாட்டிறைச்சி : ('' '') ; மீன் : ('' '') ; பன்றி இறைச்சி : ('' '') ; தொத்திறைச்சி : ('' '') ; சீஸ் : ('' '') ; முட்டை : ('' '') ; சாலட் : ('' '') ; (புதிய) காய்கறிகள் : ('' '') ; (புதிய) பழங்கள் : ('' '') ; ரொட்டி : ('' '') ; டோஸ்ட் : ('' '') ; நூடுல்ஸ் : ('' '') ; சாதம்/அரிசி : ('' '') ; பயறு வகைகள்/பீன்ஸ் : ('' '') ; ஒரு டம்ளர் _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு கோப்பை _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு பாட்டில் _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; காபி : ('' '') ; தேநீர் : ('' '') ; பழச்சாறு : ('' '') ; கார்பனேற்றப்பட்ட (வாயு கலந்த) தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; சாதாரண தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; பீர் : ('' '') ; சிவப்பு/வெள்ளை ஒயின் : ('' '') ; எனக்குச் சிறிது _____ கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; உப்பு : ('' '') ; மிளகு : ('' '') ; வெண்ணெய் : ('' '') ; மன்னிக்கவும், பணியாளரே? (''பணியாளரின் கவனத்தை ஈர்க்க''): ('' '') ; நான் சாப்பிட்டு முடித்துவிட்டேன். : ('' '') ; மிகவும் சுவையாக இருந்தது. : ('' '') ; தட்டுகளை எடுத்துவிடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; கணக்குக் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ===மதுசாலைகள்=== ; மதுபானங்கள் கிடைக்கின்றனவா? : ('' '') ; மேசையிலேயே பரிமாறும் வசதி உள்ளதா? : ('' '') ; ஒரு பீர்/இரண்டு பீர் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு கிளாசு ரெட் ஒயின்/ஒயிட் ஒயின் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு பைண்ட் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; ஒரு பாட்டில் கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; _____ (மதுபானம்) மற்றும் _____ (அதனுடன் கலக்கும் பானம்) கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; விஸ்கி : ('' '') ; வோட்கா : ('' '') ; ரம் : ('' '') ; தண்ணீர் : ('' '') ; கிளப் சோடா : ('' '') ; டோனிக் வாட்டர் : ('' '') ; ஆரஞ்சு ஜூஸ் : ('' '') ; கோக் (சோடா பானம்) : ('' '') ; மதுபானத்துடன் சேர்த்து உண்ண ஏதேனும் சிற்றுண்டிகள் உள்ளனவா? : ('' '') ; இன்னும் ஒன்று கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; மீண்டும் ஒரு சுற்று (அனைவருக்கும்) கொடுங்கள். : ('' '') ; கடை எப்போது மூடப்படும்? : ('' '') ; சியர்ஸ்! (வாழ்த்துகள்!) : ('' '') ===கடைவலம்=== ; இது என் அளவில் கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; இதன் விலை என்ன? : ('' '') ; இது மிகவும் விலை அதிகம். : ('' '') ; இதற்குப் பதிலாக _____ கொடுக்கலாமா? : ('' '') ; விலை அதிகம் : ('' '') ; விலை குறைவு : ('' '') ; என்னால் இதை வாங்க முடியாது. : ('' '') ; எனக்கு இது வேண்டாம். : ('' '') ; நீங்கள் என்னை ஏமாற்றுகிறீர்கள். : ('' '') ; எனக்கு இதில் விருப்பமில்லை. : (..) ; சரி, நான் இதை வாங்கிக்கொள்கிறேன். : ('' '') ; எனக்கு ஒரு பை கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; வெளிநாட்டிற்கு அனுப்பி வைப்பீர்களா? : ('' '') ; எனக்கு இது தேவை... : ('' '') ; ...பற்பசை. : ('' '') ; ...பல் துலக்கும் பிரசு. : ('' '') ; ...சானிட்டரி பேட்கள் : . ('' '') ; ...சோப்பு. : ('' '') ; ...சாம்பு. : ('' '') ; ...வலி நிவாரணி (உதாரணமாக, ஆசுபிரின்). : ('' '') ; ...சளி/ஜலதோசத்திற்கான மருந்து. : ('' '') ; ...வயிற்று உபாதைகளுக்கான மருந்து. : ... ('' '') ; ...ரேசர் (சவரக் கருவி). : ('' '') ; ...குடை. : ('' '') ; ...சன்ஸ்கிரீன் லோஷன் (வெயிலிலிருந்து பாதுகாக்கும் களிம்பு). : ('' '') ; ...அஞ்சல் அட்டை : ('' '') ; ...அஞ்சல் தலைகள். : ('' '') ; ...பேட்டரிகள். : ('' '') ; ...எழுதுவதற்கான காகிதம். : ('' '') ; ...பேனா. : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில புத்தகங்கள். : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில இதழ்கள். : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில செய்தித்தாள். : ('' '') ; ...ஆங்கில அகராதி. : ('' '') ===வாகனம் ஓட்டுதல்=== ; நான் ஒரு கார் வாடகைக்கு எடுக்க விரும்புகிறேன். : ('' '') ; எனக்குக் காப்பீடு கிடைக்குமா? : ('' '') ; நிறுத்து (''சாலைக் குறியீட்டில்'') : ('' '') ; ஒரு வழிப்பாதை : ('' '') ; வழிவிடு (''பிற வாகனங்களுக்கு முன்னுரிமை அளிக்கவும்'') : ('' '') ; வாகனங்களை நிறுத்தக்கூடாது : ('' '') ; வேக வரம்பு : ('' '') ; எரிபொருள் நிரப்பு நிலையம் : ('' '') ; பெட்ரோல் : ('' '') ; டீசல் : ('' '') ===அதிகாரம்=== ; நான் எந்தத் தவறும் செய்யவில்லை. : ('' '') ; இது ஒரு தவறான புரிதல். : ('' '') ; என்னை எங்கே அழைத்துச் செல்கிறீர்கள்? : ('' '') ; நான் கைது செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளேனா? : ('' '') ; நான் அமெரிக்க/ஆத்திரேலிய/பிரித்தானிய/கனடியக் குடிமகன். : ('' '') ; நான் அமெரிக்க/ஆத்திரேலிய/பிரித்தானிய/கனடியத் தூதரகம்/துணைத் தூதரகத்துடன் பேச விரும்புகிறேன். : ('' '') ; நான் வழக்கறிஞர் ஒருவருடன் பேச விரும்புகிறேன். : ('' '') ; நான் இப்போதே அபராதத்தைச் செலுத்திவிட முடியுமா? : ('' '') {{Wy/ta/Outlinephrasebook}} {{Wy/ta/Phrasebookguide}} {{Wy/ta/WikivoyageDoc|help}} [[Category:Wy/ta/Article skeleton templates]] ohzoar2009ngtkhy4gg2qefh3by36yf 0 3830737 7386657 7386138 2026-11-10T07:29:20Z Almajidy 2647497 إضافة روابط إنترويكي إلى [[d:Q30971]] 7386657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Polynesian_hammock_banner.jpg|بولينيزيا الفرنسية}} '''بولينيزيا الفرنسية''' ([[Wy/ar/كتيب العبارات الفرنسية|الفرنسية]]: ''Polynésie française'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 100 جزيرة في [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|جنوب المحيط الهادئ]]، وتقع في منتصف المسافة بين [[Wy/ar/كاليفورنيا|كاليفورنيا]] و[[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]]. وهي بلد ما وراء البحار (''pays d'outre-mer'')، والإقليم الفرنسي الوحيد الذي يتمتع بهذا الوضع. لطالما كانت بولينيزيا الفرنسية وجهة الأحلام للمسافرين على مدى عقود طويلة؛ فمن الصعب العثور على مكان أجمل منها، أو أغلى تكلفة. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar| location=Location French Polynesia.png|driving side=#Q142|}} بولينيزيا الفرنسية أرخبيل في جنوب المحيط الهادئ. وتضم مياهًا زرقاء خلابة، وقممًا جبلية خضراء مكسوة بالطحالب، وبحيرات شاطئية فيروزية، وثقافة تقليدية في إقليم ما وراء البحار. تغطي تاهيتي وجزرها مساحة قدرها 4 ملايين كيلومتر مربع من المحيط، وهي مساحة تعادل مساحة الاتحاد الأوروبي. أما مساحة اليابسة فوق مستوى سطح البحر فتبلغ نحو 7,000 كيلومتر مربع، وتتكون من 118 جزيرة موزعة على 5 أرخبيلات (4 بركانية وواحد مرجاني). تتولى الحكومة الفرنسية إدارة التعليم والعدالة والدفاع والأمن الداخلي، بينما يتولى برلمان محلي إدارة الشؤون اليومية الأخرى. تُعد ماكاتيا في بولينيزيا الفرنسية واحدة من أكبر ثلاث جزر صخرية غنية بالفوسفات في المحيط الهادئ؛ أما الجزيرتان الأخريان فهما بانابا (جزيرة المحيط) في كيريباتي و[[Wy/ar/ناورو|ناورو]]. ===المناخ=== مناخ استوائي معتدل. ''المخاطر الطبيعية'': عواصف إعصارية عرضية في يناير. رطوبة مرتفعة جدًا. يبلغ متوسط درجة حرارة الهواء 27°م (80°ف)، بينما يبلغ متوسط حرارة مياه البحيرات الشاطئية 26°م (79°ف) في الشتاء و29°م (84°ف) في الصيف. لكن معظم المنتجعات وغرف الفنادق مجهزة بمكيفات هواء أو مراوح سقفية. يمتد الصيف من نوفمبر إلى أبريل، ويتميز بمناخ أدفأ وأكثر رطوبة، بينما يمتد الشتاء من مايو إلى أكتوبر، ويكون المناخ خلاله أبرد قليلًا وأكثر جفافًا. وعندما تنزل من الطائرة، ستلاحظ فورًا دفء الهواء ورطوبته. ===التضاريس=== مزيج من الجزر المرتفعة الوعرة والجزر المنخفضة المحاطة بالشعاب المرجانية. ''أعلى نقطة'': جبل أوروحينا، بارتفاع 2,241&nbsp;م (6790&nbsp;قدمًا). مناظر طبيعية متنوعة: * وديان تشقها الأنهار والشلالات. * قمم جبلية تؤدي إلى مرتفعات يزيد ارتفاعها على 2,000&nbsp;م (6,500&nbsp;قدم). * مسارات ساحلية تحاذي خلجانًا نائية تظللها المنحدرات الصخرية. ===التاريخ=== نظرًا إلى أن بولينيزيا كانت واحدة من آخر الأماكن على الأرض التي استوطنها البشر، لم يكن البولينيزيون قد أقاموا في هذه الجزر سوى أقل من ألف عام قبل أن «يكتشفها» المستكشفون الغربيون. ولا تزال بعض الماراي (المواقع الدينية) موجودة، متناثرة في أنحاء الجزر، شاهدةً على ذلك الاستيطان. اكتشف البريطانيون تاهيتي في منتصف ستينيات القرن الثامن عشر، وزارها [[Wy/ar/رحلات جيمس كوك|الكابتن كوك]] عام 1769 لمراقبة عبور كوكب الزهرة أمام قرص الشمس، قبل أن يبحر جنوبًا وغربًا بحثًا عن القارة الأسطورية ''Terra Australus Incognita''، بمساعدة ملاح بولينيزي. ضم [[Wy/ar/الإمبراطورية الاستعمارية الفرنسية|الفرنسيون]] مجموعات مختلفة من جزر بولينيزيا خلال القرن التاسع عشر. خلال ستينيات وسبعينيات القرن العشرين، أجرت فرنسا تجارب نووية جوية في الجزر، ولا سيما في جزيرة موروروا المرجانية. ثم نُقلت التجارب إلى باطن الأرض بعد احتجاجات دولية من بلدان أخرى في المحيط الهادئ، شملت أسطولًا من اليخوت وسفينة حربية من [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] لمراقبة التجارب عام 1974. واستمرت التجارب حتى أوائل تسعينيات القرن العشرين، رغم محاولات النشطاء البيئيين تعطيلها. وفي سبتمبر 1995، أثارت فرنسا احتجاجات واسعة النطاق عندما استأنفت التجارب النووية في جزيرة موروروا المرجانية بعد وقف دام ثلاث سنوات. وعُلقت التجارب في يناير 1996. يعمل سكان الجزر على تحقيق الحكم الذاتي والاستقلال الاقتصادي عن فرنسا. غير أن هذه العملية تدريجية، ومن المتوقع أن تستغرق عقدًا أو عقدين. ==الأقاليم== {{Wy/ar/قائمة المناطق |خريطة المنطقة=French Polynesia regions map.png |عنوان الخريطة= |حجم الخريطة=450px | المنطقة1اسم=[[Wy/ar/جزر المجتمع|جزر المجتمع]] | المنطقة1لون=#b7eee9 |المنطقة1نوع= |المنطقة1وصف=مجموعة الجزر الغربية الأكثر اكتظاظًا بالسكان، وتتكون من جزر استوائية مرتفعة تحيط بها الشعاب المرجانية والبحيرات الشاطئية (وتنقسم إداريًا إلى «جزر الرياح» و«الجزر المحمية من الرياح»). ومن بين الجزر المحمية من الرياح، تبرز '''[[Wy/ar/بورا بورا|بورا بورا]]'''، وتتميز '''[[Wy/ar/هواهين|هواهين]]''' و'''[[Wy/ar/ماوبيتي|ماوبيتي]]''' و'''[[Wy/ar/راياتيا|راياتيا]]''' بجمال خاص؛ أما في جزر الرياح، فتُعد '''[[Wy/ar/مووريا|مووريا]]''' مذهلة، بينما تتمتع '''[[Wy/ar/تاهيتي|تاهيتي]]''' بجمال كلاسيكي، وتضم العاصمة '''[[Wy/ar/بابيتي|بابيتي]]'''. | المنطقة2اسم=[[Wy/ar/جزر تواموتو|جزر تواموتو]] | المنطقة2لون=#d7c4ef |المنطقة2نوع= |المنطقة2وصف=أرخبيل مركزي شاسع من الشعاب المرجانية. وهو مجموعة من الجزر المنخفضة أو الجزر المرجانية الحلقية. وتبرز فيه '''رانغيروا'''. | المنطقة3اسم=[[Wy/ar/جزر ماركيساس|جزر ماركيساس]] | المنطقة3لون=#b6c5f9 |المنطقة3نوع= |المنطقة3وصف=أرخبيل في الشمال الشرقي، يتكون من جزر مرتفعة بالقرب من خط الاستواء، وتعيش في جباله شديدة الانحدار خيول وماعز وخنازير برية. وتبرز فيه '''نوكو هيفا''' و'''هيفا أوا'''. | المنطقة4اسم=[[Wy/ar/جزر غامبير|جزر غامبير]] | المنطقة4لون=#e7f3c1 |المنطقة4نوع= |المنطقة4وصف=تقع في الجنوب الشرقي، ونادرًا ما يزورها السياح. وتتكون من جزيرة مانغاريفا المرتفعة وحزام من الجزر المحيطة بها، وهي بقايا متآكلة لفوهة بركانية عملاقة كانت موجودة سابقًا. وتقع في أقصى الركن الشرقي من بولينيزيا الفرنسية. | المنطقة5اسم=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الأسترالية|الجزر الأسترالية]] | المنطقة5لون=#e7c8cc |المنطقة5نوع= |المنطقة5وصف=أرخبيلات جنوبية صغيرة (تشمل جزر توبواي وجزر باس). وهي آخر الجزر المأهولة في جنوب المحيط الهادئ، وتتكون من براكين قديمة ذات تضاريس لطيفة، وتقع بعيدًا عن المسارات السياحية المعتادة. }} ==المدن== *{{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/بابيتي|بابيتي]]|wikidata=Q130800}} - العاصمة، وتقع في جزيرة [[Wy/ar/تاهيتي|تاهيتي]]. ==وجهات أخرى== *{{Wy/ar/Marker|name=[[Wy/ar/جزيرة كليبرتون|جزيرة كليبرتون]]|wikidata=Q161258}} - تقع بعيدًا إلى الشرق، وأقرب إلى المكسيك، وتديرها وزارة فرنسا ما وراء البحار مباشرةً. *{{Wy/ar/Marker|name=[[Wy/ar/رابا|رابا]]|wikidata=Q114832}} - جزيرة مرجانية نائية. ==الوصول== ===متطلبات الدخول=== لا يحتاج مواطنو الاتحاد الأوروبي و[[Wy/ar/أندورا|أندورا]] و[[Wy/ar/آيسلندا|آيسلندا]] و[[Wy/ar/ليختنشتاين|ليختنشتاين]] و[[Wy/ar/موناكو|موناكو]] و[[Wy/ar/كاليدونيا الجديدة|كاليدونيا الجديدة]] و[[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]] إلا إلى جواز سفر ساري المفعول للدخول؛ ولا يحتاجون في أي حال إلى تأشيرة، مهما كانت مدة الإقامة. وعلى خلاف فرنسا الأوروبية، لا يُعفى المواطنون السويسريون من التأشيرة في بولينيزيا الفرنسية إلا للإقامة التي لا تتجاوز 90 يومًا، ويحتاجون إلى تأشيرة إذا تجاوزت إقامتهم 90 يومًا. {{Wy/ar/سياسة التأشيرات بالمحيط الهادئ الفرنسي}} إضافة إلى ذلك، يُسمح لحاملي تصريح إقامة ساري المفعول صادر عن محافظ إقليم فرنسي وراء البحار، أو المفوض السامي لجماعة إقليمية فرنسية، أو إحدى دول شنغن، وكذلك حاملي بطاقة خاصة صادرة عن وزارة الخارجية والشؤون الأوروبية الفرنسية لموظفي البعثات الدبلوماسية والقنصلية، بالإقامة في بولينيزيا الفرنسية دون تأشيرة لمدة تصل إلى 90 يومًا. يُسمح لمواطني [[Wy/ar/ألبانيا|ألبانيا]]¹ و[[Wy/ar/أنتيغوا وبربودا|أنتيغوا وبربودا]] و[[Wy/ar/الأرجنتين|الأرجنتين]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر البهاما|جزر البهاما]] و[[Wy/ar/باربادوس|باربادوس]] و[[Wy/ar/بوليفيا|بوليفيا]] و[[Wy/ar/البوسنة والهرسك|البوسنة والهرسك]]¹ و[[Wy/ar/بروناي|بروناي]] و[[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]] و[[Wy/ar/تشيلي|تشيلي]] و[[Wy/ar/كوستاريكا|كوستاريكا]] و[[Wy/ar/كرواتيا|كرواتيا]] و[[Wy/ar/السلفادور|السلفادور]] و[[Wy/ar/غواتيمالا|غواتيمالا]] و[[Wy/ar/هندوراس|هندوراس]] و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] و[[Wy/ar/كيريباتي|كيريباتي]] و[[Wy/ar/ماليزيا|ماليزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] و[[Wy/ar/موريشيوس|موريشيوس]] و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ميكرونيسيا]] و[[Wy/ar/الجبل الأسود|الجبل الأسود]]¹ و[[Wy/ar/ناورو|ناورو]] و[[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] و[[Wy/ar/نيكاراغوا|نيكاراغوا]] و[[Wy/ar/مقدونيا الشمالية|مقدونيا الشمالية]] و[[Wy/ar/بالاو|بالاو]] و[[Wy/ar/بنما|بنما]] و[[Wy/ar/باراغواي|باراغواي]] و[[Wy/ar/سانت كيتس ونيفيس|سانت كيتس ونيفيس]] و[[Wy/ar/ساموا|ساموا]] و[[Wy/ar/سان مارينو|سان مارينو]] و[[Wy/ar/صربيا|صربيا]]^1,2 و[[Wy/ar/سيشل|سيشل]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر سليمان|جزر سليمان]] و[[Wy/ar/سويسرا|سويسرا]] و[[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]]³ و[[Wy/ar/تونغا|تونغا]] و[[Wy/ar/توفالو|توفالو]] و[[Wy/ar/أوروغواي|أوروغواي]] و[[Wy/ar/مدينة الفاتيكان|الفاتيكان]]، وكذلك الرعايا البريطانيين (ما وراء البحار)، بالعمل في بولينيزيا الفرنسية دون الحاجة إلى الحصول على تأشيرة أو أي تصريح إضافي طوال فترة إقامتهم المعفاة من التأشيرة، ومدتها 90 يومًا. كما يُسمح لحاملي تصريح إقامة ساري المفعول صادر عن محافظ إقليم فرنسي وراء البحار، أو المفوض السامي لجماعة إقليمية فرنسية، أو إحدى دول شنغن، وكذلك حاملي بطاقة خاصة صادرة عن وزارة الخارجية والشؤون الأوروبية الفرنسية لموظفي البعثات الدبلوماسية والقنصلية، بالعمل خلال فترة إقامتهم المعفاة من التأشيرة، ومدتها 90 يومًا. إذا كنت مطالبًا بالحصول على تأشيرة لدخول بولينيزيا الفرنسية، فيمكنك تقديم طلبك لدى سفارة أو قنصلية فرنسية في بلد إقامتك. وتبلغ تكلفة التأشيرة 9 يورو. لمزيد من المعلومات حول متطلبات الدخول، راجع [http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france/coming-to-france/getting-a-visa/article/foreign-nationals-holding-ordinary صفحة وزارة الخارجية الفرنسية هذه]. ملاحظات: :¹ يجب أن يحمل مواطنو ألبانيا والبوسنة والهرسك والجبل الأسود ومقدونيا الشمالية وصربيا جواز سفر '''بيومتريًا''' للاستفادة من الإعفاء من التأشيرة.<br> :² يحتاج المواطنون الصرب الذين يحملون جوازات سفر صادرة عن مديرية التنسيق الصربية (وهم المقيمون في كوسوفو الذين يحملون جوازات سفر صربية) إلى تأشيرة.<be> :³ يجب أن يتضمن جواز سفر مواطني تايوان '''رقم الهوية المحدد''' للاستفادة من الإعفاء من التأشيرة. ===بالطائرة=== [[File:Tahiti Faaa Airport (Tahiti).jpg|thumb|مرحبًا بكم في تاهيتي!]] تقع بولينيزيا الفرنسية في مكان ناءٍ جدًا من جنوب المحيط الهادئ، لذا فإن السفر بالطائرة هو الخيار الرئيسي، ما لم تكن موجودًا فيها بالفعل. شركة الطيران الوطنية في بولينيزيا الفرنسية هي [http://www.airtahitinui.com/ '''إير تاهيتي نوي''']، والمطار الرئيسي هو مطار فاءا الدولي، الذي بُني فوق البحيرة الشاطئية، على بعد نحو 5 كم غرب [[Wy/ar/بابيتي|بابيتي]]، بالقرب من عدة فنادق كبرى مثل [https://tahiti.intercontinental.com/ فندق إنتركونتيننتال]{{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}. وتسير إير تاهيتي نوي رحلات دولية إلى [[Wy/ar/طوكيو|طوكيو]] و[[Wy/ar/لوس أنجلوس|لوس أنجلوس]] و[[Wy/ar/أوكلاند|أوكلاند]] و[[Wy/ar/باريس|باريس]] (مع توقف للتزود بالوقود في مطار لوس أنجلوس الدولي). وهناك أيضًا رحلات إلى هونولولو (على متن خطوط هاواي الجوية)، ولوس أنجلوس (على متن دلتا وإير فرانس التي تواصل رحلتها إلى باريس)، وسان فرانسيسكو (على متن يونايتد وفرنش بي التي تواصل رحلتها إلى باريس)، وفيجي وكاليدونيا الجديدة (على متن إير كالين)، وأوكلاند ([http://www.airnewzealand.com طيران نيوزيلندا]). وكانت [http://www.latam.com لاتام] تسير سابقًا رحلات إلى جزيرة القيامة ثم إلى سانتياغو، لكنها لم تعد تفعل ذلك. يجب على المسافرين القادمين على متن رحلات دولية استلام أمتعتهم، والمرور عبر الجمارك، ثم إعادة تسجيل الوصول عند مكاتب الرحلات الداخلية الواقعة على بعد نحو 50&nbsp;م إلى يمين منطقة الوصول الدولية. ===بالقارب=== تعمل سفن سياحية وفق جداول غير منتظمة، وسفن شحن وفق جداول منتظمة، وتسافر من [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] و[[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] و[[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] و[[Wy/ar/بنما|بنما]]. وتُعد الجزر مركزًا إلى حد ما لليخوت المبحرة بين أمريكا الجنوبية أو الوسطى وأسترالاسيا، وليس من المستحيل العثور على فرصة للسفر على متن يخت، لكن ذلك يتطلب جهدًا. ==تجول== تبلغ مساحة إقليم بولينيزيا الفرنسية تقريبًا مساحة [[Wy/ar/الاتحاد الأوروبي|الاتحاد الأوروبي]]، لكن المساحة الإجمالية لليابسة (جميع الجزر والجزر المرجانية) لا تزيد إلا قليلًا على مساحة [[Wy/ar/مايوركا|مايوركا]]. يعيش معظم السكان في جزيرتي تاهيتي ومووريا. وتضم هاتان الجزيرتان شبكات من الطرق ووسائل نقل عام (إلى جانب بنية تحتية سياحية جيدة). وللتنقل من جزيرة إلى أخرى، تتوفر خيارات مختلفة: ===بالطائرة=== تقدم [https://www.airtahiti.com/ إير تاهيتي] رحلات جوية داخلية إلى وجهات أخرى في [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا الفرنسية|بولينيزيا الفرنسية]]. وقد انضمت شركة جديدة، إير موآنا، إلى السوق، وتُسيّر رحلات إلى بورا بورا ورانغيروا وراياتيا ومووريا وهواهين ونوكو هيفا وفاكارافا. كما تتوفر رحلات الطيران العارض، مثل رحلات إير أرشيبيل، عند الطلب. وتُعد المروحيات خيارًا آخر. [[File:Bora Bora Airport ATR 72.jpg|thumb|طائرة إير تاهيتي في [[Wy/ar/بورا بورا|بورا بورا]]]] تشغّل إير تاهيتي 11 طائرة توربينية مروحية (أربع طائرات ATR42-500 تتسع لـ48 مقعدًا، وخمس طائرات ATR72-500 تتسع لـ66 مقعدًا، وطائرة بيتشكرافت واحدة تتسع لـ8 مقاعد، وطائرة توين أوتر واحدة تتسع لـ19 مقعدًا). وتُشغّل معظم الرحلات بين الجزر في ماركيساس بطائرات توين أوتر. تقدم إير تاهيتي عدة أنواع من بطاقات السفر الجوي الشاملة: * '''بطاقة ديسكفري''': تشمل مووريا وهواهين وراياتيا: 253 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 20 كغ، و316 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 50 كغ. * '''بطاقة بورا بورا''': تشمل مووريا وهواهين وراياتيا وبورا بورا وماوبيتي: 367 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 20 كغ، و460 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 50 كغ، خلال الفترة من 1 إلى 10 يناير، ومن يونيو إلى أكتوبر، ومن 11 إلى 31 ديسمبر؛ و347 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 20 كغ، و435 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 50 كغ، خلال الفترة من 11 إلى 31 يناير، ومن فبراير إلى مايو، ومن 1 نوفمبر إلى 10 ديسمبر. * '''بطاقة لاغونز''': تشمل مووريا ورانغيروا وتيكاو ومانيهي وفاكاريفا وأهي: 378 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 20 كغ، و487 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 50 كغ. * '''بطاقة بورا تواموتو''': تشمل مووريا وهواهين وبورا بورا وماوبيتي ورانغيروا وتيكاو ومانيهي وفاكاريفا وأهي: 498 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 20 كغ، و640 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 50 كغ. * '''بطاقة ماركيساس''': تشمل نوكو هيفا وأتونا وأوا بو وأوا هوكا: 666 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 20 كغ (غير متاحة مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 50 كغ). * '''بطاقة أسترال''': تشمل روروتو وتوبواي ورافايفاي وريماطارا: 491 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 20 كغ، و630 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 50 كغ. تبلغ تكلفة الإضافات إلى جزر ماركيساس 459 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 20 كغ، و636 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 50 كغ؛ أما الإضافات إلى الجزر الأسترالية فتبلغ 262 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 20 كغ، و361 يورو مع سماح بأمتعة وزنها 50 كغ (أسعار عام 2010). تبدأ البطاقات عادةً وتنتهي في تاهيتي أو مووريا. ولا يشترط أن يشمل مسار الرحلة جميع الجزر المدرجة في البطاقة. يجب حجز جميع الرحلات وتأكيدها. ويجب ألا تتجاوز مدة الرحلة الكاملة 28 يومًا. كما يجب زيارة جزر أحد الأرخبيلات قبل الانتقال إلى الأرخبيل التالي (مثلًا، يجب زيارة جزر أرخبيل المجتمع قبل جزر أرخبيل تواموتو). ويمكن زيارة الجزر داخل الأرخبيل الواحد بأي ترتيب. ولا يُسمح بالتوقف أو العبور في تاهيتي ضمن البطاقة، باستثناء بطاقة لاغونز بين مووريا وجزر أرخبيل تواموتو، أو عند الانتقال من البطاقة إلى الإضافة أو العكس في حالة البطاقة المرفقة بإضافة؛ إذ يُسمح بعبور لا تتجاوز مدته 24 ساعة في تاهيتي. ولا يُسمح بأكثر من توقف واحد في كل جزيرة (تزيد مدته على 24 ساعة). ويُعد العبور (أقل من 24 ساعة) الذي يتضمن تغيير رقم الرحلة توقفًا. والاستثناء هو تغيير رقم الرحلة مع عبور تقل مدته عن ساعتين في رانغيروا، على الرحلات بين بورا بورا وتيكاو أو مانيهي أو فاكارافا، أو في الاتجاه المعاكس. ولا يُسمح بتغيير الحجوزات بعد إصدار البطاقة. [[File:West side of Taha'a atoll - fishing inside the reef - panoramio.jpg|thumb|صيادون في جزيرة تاهاآ المرجانية]] تقترح إير تاهيتي مسارات الرحلات التالية التي تشمل عدة جزر: * أرخبيل المجتمع: ** جزيرتان: تاهيتي - مووريا - بورا بورا (أو هواهين أو راياتيا) - تاهيتي. ** ثلاث جزر: تاهيتي - بورا بورا - راياتيا (أو هواهين أو ماوبيتي) - تاهيتي؛ أو: تاهيتي - مووريا - هواهين - بورا بورا - تاهيتي؛ أو: تاهيتي - مووريا - بورا بورا - راياتيا - تاهيتي. ** أربع جزر: تاهيتي - مووريا - هواهين - راياتيا - بورا بورا - تاهيتي. ** خمس جزر: تاهيتي - مووريا - هواهين - راياتيا - بورا بورا - تاهيتي. * جزر المجتمع وشمال تواموتو: ** جزيرتان: تاهيتي - بورا بورا - رانغيروا (أو فاكارافا أو مانيهي أو تيكاو) - تاهيتي. ** ثلاث جزر: تاهيتي - بورا بورا - رانغيروا - مانيهي (أو فاكارافا أو تيكاو) - تاهيتي؛ أو تاهيتي - مووريا (أو هواهين أو راياتيا أو ماوبيتي) - بورا بورا - رانغيروا (أو فاكارافا أو مانيهي أو تيكاو) - تاهيتي. ** أربع جزر: تاهيتي - مووريا - هواهين أو راياتيا - بورا بورا - رانغيروا (أو فاكارافا أو مانيهي أو تيكاو) - تاهيتي. * أرخبيل شمال تواموتو: ** جزيرتان: تاهيتي - رانغيروا - تيكاو (أو فاكارافا أو مانيهي) - تاهيتي؛ أو تاهيتي - أهي (أو تيكاو) - مانيهي - تاهيتي. ** ثلاث جزر: تاهيتي - تيكاو (أو مانيهي) - رانغيروا - فاكارافا (أو تيكاو) - تاهيتي؛ أو تاهيتي - فاكارافا - رانغيروا - مانيهي - تاهيتي. ** أربع جزر: تاهيتي يوم الجمعة - أهي يوم الأحد - مانيهي (يوم الثلاثاء أو الأربعاء) - رانغيروا (يوم الجمعة أو السبت) - فاكارافا - تاهيتي. * أرخبيل ماركيساس: ** جزيرتان: تاهيتي - نوكو هيفا - هيفا أوا (أتونا) (أو أوا هوكا أو أوا بو) - تاهيتي. ** ثلاث جزر: تاهيتي - هيفا أوا (أتونا) - أوا هوكا (أو أوا بو) - نوكو هيفا - تاهيتي. ** أربع جزر: تاهيتي - هيفا أوا (أتونا) - أوا هوكا - أوا بو - نوكو هيفا - تاهيتي. * جزر المجتمع - تواموتو - ماركيساس: ** أربع جزر: تاهيتي - بورا بورا - رانغيروا - نوكو هيفا - أتونا - تاهيتي. * الأرخبيل الأسترالي: ** جزيرتان: تاهيتي - روروتو - توبواي (أو ريماطارا) - تاهيتي؛ أو تاهيتي - توبواي - رافايفاي - تاهيتي. ** أربع جزر: تاهيتي (يوم الاثنين) - رافايفاي (يوم الأربعاء) - توبواي (يوم الجمعة) - روروتو (يوم الاثنين) - ريماطارا (يوم الأربعاء) - تاهيتي. يبدأ تسجيل الوصول في المطارات قبل موعد المغادرة بساعة واحدة، ويُغلق قبل 20 دقيقة من موعد المغادرة (باستثناء الرحلات إلى راروتونغا، حيث يبدأ تسجيل الوصول قبل ساعتين ويُغلق قبل 45 دقيقة من موعد المغادرة). ===بالقارب=== [[Wy/ar/ملف:Cruise Liner at night in Papeete Harbour - panoramio.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية في بابيتي]] * تسير العبّارات (وأحيانًا قوارب تجمع بين نقل البضائع والركاب، مثل أرانوي) بين معظم الجزر. وتتنقل القوارب ذات البدن المزدوج والعبّارات بين تاهيتي ومووريا عدة مرات يوميًا. كما تخدم السفن الشراعية وسفن الشحن جميع الجزر المأهولة انطلاقًا من بابيتي. وتختلف مواعيد الرحلات بحسب الوجهة: من ثلاث مرات أسبوعيًا إلى جزر المجتمع، إلى مرة واحدة شهريًا إلى جزيرة مانغاريفا. * تجوب سفينتان سياحيتان فاخرتان الجزر: سفينة ''بول غوغان'' التي تنظم رحلة منتظمة مدتها 7 أيام حول جزر المجتمع، مع رحلات عرضية إلى تواموتو وماركيساس وجزر كوك؛ وسفينة ''تاهيتيان برنسيس'' التي تقدم مسارات مشابهة. وتُعد هذه وسيلة رائعة لرؤية الجزر، ما لم تكن ميزانيتك محدودة. أما ''بورا بورا كروزس'' فهي سفينة أصغر وأكثر حميمية تتخذ من الجزر المحمية من الرياح مقرًا لها. ولخوض مغامرة أكبر، يمكنك السفر على متن ''أرانوي 3''. * [http://www.windward-islands.net تأجير اليخوت في بولينيزيا] - شركة ويندوارد آيلاندز، وهي واحدة من أكبر شركات تأجير اليخوت في العالم، يمكنها تلبية جميع متطلبات الاستئجار، من اليخوت التي تُستأجر دون طاقم إلى اليخوت الفاخرة، في بولينيزيا الفرنسية. وتعمل من مكاتب متعددة حول العالم (المملكة المتحدة والولايات المتحدة وهونغ كونغ ودبي وألمانيا وإيطاليا وفرنسا وإسبانيا وسويسرا). ==تحدث== اللغتان الرسميتان هما [[Wy/ar/كتيب العبارات الفرنسية|الفرنسية]] و[[Wy/ar/كتيب العبارات التاهيتية|التاهيتية]]؛ فالفرنسية هي لغة الأعمال والحكومة، بينما التاهيتية هي لغة التواصل اليومي. كما تُستخدم الإنجليزية على نطاق واسع، ولا سيما في المناطق السياحية. يقدّر البولينيزيون أي محاولة للتحدث بلغتهم. وفيما يلي كلمات قد تتعرف إليها أثناء المحادثة: * '''Aita''' = لا * '''E''' = نعم * '''Fare''' = منزل * '''Ia ora na =''' صباح الخير أو مرحبًا * '''Ma'a''' = طعام * '''Maeva''' = أهلًا وسهلًا * '''Maita'i?''' = كيف حالك؟ * '''Mauruuru''' = شكرًا * '''Nana''' = وداعًا أو أراك لاحقًا * '''Manuaia''' = في صحتك أو نخبك! * '''Pape''' = ماء * '''Tama'a''' = هيا نأكل يميل سكان تاهيتي إلى المزج بين الكلمات الفرنسية والتاهيتية أثناء حديثهم، لذا لا تتفاجأ بذلك. انتبه إلى وجود لهجات عديدة يعتز بها البولينيزيون، ومنها التاهيتية والتواموتية والماركيسية والمانغاريفية (في [[Wy/ar/جزر غامبير|جزر غامبير]]). وغالبًا ما لا يستطيع سكان كل منطقة التواصل مع سكان المناطق الأخرى بلغاتهم الخاصة. ==شاهد== [[File:Paul Gauguin Museum (Tahiti).JPG|thumb|متحف غوغان]] ===== في تاهيتي ===== * '''''بوانت فينوس''''' هو الموقع الذي أقام فيه الكابتن كوك مرصده، الذي بُني لتسجيل عبور كوكب الزهرة أمام قرص الشمس، في محاولة لحساب المسافة بين الشمس والأرض. واليوم أصبح شاطئًا شهيرًا ذا رمال سوداء، تظلله الأشجار ويطل عليه منارة مهيبة. * يقع '''متحف غوغان''' ('''''Musée Gaugin''''') على بعد نحو 50 كم من بابيتي في تاهيتي نوي، ويضم قطعًا أثرية من فترة إقامة غوغان في تاهيتي، بما في ذلك نسخًا من كثير من لوحاته. وتوجد مبانٍ مفتوحة ومتجر للهدايا في حديقة عشبية جيدة العناية بجوار المحيط مباشرةً، بعيدًا عن المدينة والمنتجعات. كما تقع الحدائق النباتية في الجوار. * يضم '''متحف تاهيتي وجزرها'''، الواقع على بعد نحو 15 كم من بابيتي، معروضات رائعة عن تاريخ بولينيزيا وثقافتها وعلم الأعراق فيها. وينبغي لكل مهتم بعلم الإنسان أو بتاريخ الثقافة البولينية زيارة هذا المتحف. * ولمحبي اللآلئ، يوجد أيضًا '''متحف روبرت وان للؤلؤ''' في تاهيتي. ==افعل== [[File:Snorkelling_in_Bora_Bora.jpg|thumb|الغطس باستخدام أنبوب التنفس في بورا بورا]] توفر بولينيزيا الفرنسية فرصًا مذهلة للغوص والغطس باستخدام أنبوب التنفس. ويمكن للغواصين أن يتوقعوا بحق رؤية مئات الأسماك والأنواع البحرية الأخرى أثناء انجرافهم عبر الأخاديد تحت الماء. وتوجد مراكز للغوص في 11 جزيرة من أصل 118 جزيرة في بولينيزيا الفرنسية. وتشتهر مووريا بالغوص لمشاهدة أسماك القرش (ومنها أسماك قرش الشعاب المرجانية وقرش الليمون). أما بورا بورا فتضم بحيرة شاطئية خلابة تزخر بأسماك المانتا والقرش على جدار من الشعاب المرجانية. ==اشترِ== ===المال=== {{Wy/ar/الفرنك البولينيزي}} تُقبل الأوراق النقدية وبطاقات الائتمان والخصم الدولية والشيكات السياحية. أما البنوك الدولية التي لديها مكاتب للصرافة في تاهيتي والجزر الأكثر زيارة فهي بنك تاهيتي وبنك بولينيزيا وسوكريدو. وتتقاضى البنوك عمولة عن كل عملية صرف، تبلغ مثلًا 1,010 فرنك. ولا يتقاضى مكتب الصرافة في مطار بابيتي فاءا سوى 700 فرنك (فبراير 2019)، لكن الفارق بين سعري الشراء والبيع فيه أوسع بكثير من الفارق لدى البنوك. ويُصرف اليورو في البنوك ومكاتب الصرافة بسعر 119.33 فرنك لكل يورو واحد (للشراء أو البيع)، ولذلك تقتصر تكلفتك على العمولة. توفر الفنادق الدولية أيضًا خدمات صرف العملات. ولا توجد مرافق مصرفية في بعض الجزر المرجانية والجزر التابعة لمجموعتي الجزر الأسترالية وغامبير. تقبل كثير من الشركات التي تتعامل مع السياح، مثل سائقي سيارات الأجرة وبائعي الهدايا التذكارية، الدولار الأمريكي بسعر 100 فرنك لكل دولار أمريكي واحد (يناير 2019). ===التكاليف=== كل شيء في بولينيزيا الفرنسية باهظ الثمن جدًا. وحتى الإقامة الاقتصادية تشكل عبئًا على الميزانية، وكذلك الطعام، بما في ذلك مواد البقالة. لذا، إذا زرت المكان، فاصطحب معك الكثير من المال؛ فستحتاج إليه. ===المجوهرات=== [[File:Perle-tahiti-manapearl.png|thumb|لآلئ تاهيتية مستديرة بأشكال مختلفة من رانغيروا |alt=]] تُعد '''اللآلئ السوداء''' من المشتريات الفاخرة في هذا الجزء من العالم. وهي جميلة ومتفاوتة الجودة، لذا ينبغي للمشتري توخي الحذر، فالأسعار قد تصل إلى مستويات غير محدودة. وتتوفر كثير من المجوهرات غير المكلفة المصنوعة من عرق اللؤلؤ، وهي هدايا جميلة جدًا. لا تنتج اللؤلؤة البولينيزية السوداء إلا محارة الشفاه السوداء العملاقة ''Pinctada margaritifera''، التي تزدهر في بحيرات أرخبيل تواموتو. ويتنوع لون هذه اللؤلؤة النادرة من الفضي إلى الرمادي الداكن، مع لمحات خضراء ووردية. وتُعد هذه الجوهرة التاهيتية تذكارًا فريدًا وأنيقًا. أما الزوار الراغبون في اكتشاف أسرار '''اللآلئ التاهيتية'''، فلا ينبغي لهم تفويت زيارة إحدى مزارع اللؤلؤ في جزيرة [[Wy/ar/رانغيروا|رانغيروا]] ضمن [[Wy/ar/جزر تواموتو|أرخبيل تواموتو]]. ==كُل== [[File:Getting Busy - Saturday Evening amidst the Roulotte - panoramio.jpg|thumb|تناول الطعام في الهواء الطلق في بابيتي]] عادةً ما يعتمد الطعام الفاخر في تاهيتي والجزر المجاورة على أسلوب طهي طبيعي يستخدم منتجات طازجة ممزوجة بنكهات غريبة. وتحضر المأكولات الأوروبية في أجواء استوائية، كما أضاف المطبخ الآسيوي نكهاته وقوامه المميزين. تُحضّر الأسماك بمختلف أنواعها، سواء كانت التونة أو البونيتو أو الماهي ماهي أو الأنواع العديدة من أسماك البحيرات الشاطئية، بطرق متنوعة؛ مشوية أو مسلوقة أو نيئة. من أشهر الأطباق ''السمك النيئ (poisson cru) على الطريقة التاهيتية''، الذي يُنقع في عصير الليمون وحليب جوز الهند، وكذلك طبق ''ماعا تينيتو'' الصيني الشهير، وهو مزيج من لحم الخنزير والفاصوليا الحمراء والملفوف الصيني والمعكرونة. تُعد المناسبات العائلية والاحتفالات وقتًا لإقامة وليمة ضخمة تُسمى ''تاماراعا تاهيتي'' (ولائم على الطريقة التاهيتية)، حيث يُلف الطعام، الذي يتكون من خنزير رضيع وأسماك وفاكهة الخبز واليام وموز في، بأوراق الموز، ثم يُطهى على البخار في فرن محفور في الأرض فوق طبقات من الصخور الساخنة. [[File:Poisson_cru_au_lait_de_coco.jpg|thumb|"Poisson cru" بحليب جوز الهند|alt=]] تنظم الفنادق الكبيرة أمسيات بوفيه ضخمة تقدم تشكيلة واسعة من أشهى المأكولات المحلية، تصاحبها عروض رقص تقليدية. تكون المطاعم الموجهة للسياح باهظة الثمن عادةً (تبدأ أسعار الهامبرغر والبيتزا من 1400 فرنك، وتبدأ أسعار الأطباق الرئيسية الأخرى من 2000 فرنك)، لكن يمكنك تناول طعام جيد أيضًا في مطاعم ''الوجبات الخفيفة'' الصغيرة و''رولوت'' (شاحنات الطعام)، حيث يأكل السكان المحليون. وتقدم هذه الأماكن الهامبرغر مقابل 700 إلى 800 فرنك، وشرائح اللحم أو تشاو مين مقابل 1000 فرنك، والماهي ماهي أو التونة المشوية وطبق السمك النيئ مقابل 1200 إلى 1400 فرنك (يناير 2019). '''الإكرامية''' ليست من العادات المتبعة في تاهيتي أو الجزر المجاورة. ==اشرب== تتوفر زجاجات المياه بسهولة. وبما أن الإقليم فرنسي، فإن النبيذ شائع ويسهل العثور عليه. ولأنها جزيرة استوائية، تتوفر عصائر الفاكهة بمختلف أنواعها في كل مكان، من عصير الأناناس إلى حليب جوز الهند. ولا ينبغي تفويت عصير الأناناس من مووريا! وأحيانًا يكون من الأفضل أن تفتح ثمرة جوز الهند بنفسك وتستخرج ماءها لتناوله مع الغداء. ويُعد عصير البرتقال المشروب المفضل لدى سكان الولاية، وتُزرع أشجار البرتقال على امتداد السواحل. إذا كنت من محبي البيرة، فإن '''بيرة هينانو''' ستكون بالتأكيد من الأنواع التي ستستمتع بتذوقها، وقد ترغب في إحضار بضع علب منها إلى المنزل. ==نَم== يمكن العثور على نحو 50 فندقًا بمستوى دولي في 12 جزيرة موزعة على ثلاثة أرخبيلات مختلفة: جزر المجتمع وتواموتو وماركيساس. وعلى الرغم من أن جزر تاهيتي ومووريا وبورا بورا توفر أكثر من 80٪ من الطاقة الاستيعابية للفنادق، فإن الجزر الأقل شهرة بدأت أيضًا تستقبل منشآت فندقية راقية. توجد عدة مجموعات فندقية دولية في الإقليم، منها: إنتركونتيننتال، وسوفيتيل، ونوفوتيل، وميريديان، وشيراتون، وأورينت إكسبرس، وكلوب ميد، وراديسون. وتكمل المشهد الفندقي سلسلتان محليتان هما ماي تاي وساوث باسيفيك مانجمنت. وعلى الرغم من الالتزام بالمعايير الدولية، فقد روعي الطابع البولينيزي في الأكواخ المبنية فوق الماء، من خلال استخدام الباندانوس والخيزران ومصابيح الصدف. وتحتوي بعض الأكواخ على طاولات ذات قيعان زجاجية لمشاهدة الأسماك دون أن تبتل قدماك. أما المسافرون الذين يفضلون بساطة التجربة المحلية وأصالتها، فتُعد الفنادق العائلية نوع الإقامة المثالي لهم. فالترحيب فيها دافئ وودود. وتنقسم الفنادق العائلية إلى أربع فئات: المبيت والإفطار، ومنازل العطلات العائلية، وبيوت الضيافة التي تديرها العائلات، والفنادق العائلية. * المبيت والإفطار: أكواخ مفروشة، لا يزيد عدد وحداتها السكنية على أربع وحدات في المنزل الواحد، وتتسع لاثني عشر شخصًا، ومجهزة بحمامات خاصة أو مشتركة. * منازل العطلات العائلية: أكواخ مفروشة، لا يزيد عدد وحداتها السكنية على تسع وحدات، وتتسع لسبعة وعشرين شخصًا، ومجهزة بحمامات ومطابخ صغيرة. * بيوت الضيافة التي تديرها العائلات: مثل الفئة السابقة، بالإضافة إلى تقديم الإفطار والعشاء. * الفنادق العائلية: تقدم خدمة الإقامة الكاملة، إلى جانب قائمة طعام حسب الطلب. ==تعلّم== ==ابقَ آمنًا== [[File:DSC00111 French Polynésia Rangiroa Atoll Avatoru Kia Ora Resort (8271446339).jpg|thumb|منتجع في رانغيروا]] تُسجل تاهيتي '''أحد أدنى معدلات الجريمة''' في فرنسا وأقاليمها. ومع ذلك، تقع جرائم بسيطة مثل النشل وسرقة الحقائب. وباعتبارها إقليمًا فرنسيًا وراء البحار، تتولى القوات الفرنسية (الجيش والبحرية والقوات الجوية) وقوات الدرك مسؤولية الدفاع وإنفاذ القانون. لا توجد لقاحات مطلوبة. احرص على إحضار صنادل مطاطية مناسبة للمشي بين الشعاب المرجانية في الماء وعلى الشواطئ، أو أحذية رياضية قديمة، حتى لا تجرح قدميك بالشعاب المرجانية أو تطأ سمكة حجرية. من المرجح أن تصادف أسماك القرش في البحيرة الشاطئية أثناء الغوص أو حتى الغطس باستخدام أنبوب التنفس، لكنها غير مؤذية. وينطبق الأمر نفسه على أسماك الراي اللاسعة. ومع ذلك، انتبه إلى ثعابين الموراي التي تختبئ عميقًا بين الشعاب المرجانية، وتكون فضولية عمومًا. واحرص على إبقاء أصابعك بعيدًا عنها، وإلا فقد تتعرض لعضة مؤلمة. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== الرعاية الطبية جيدة عمومًا. ويوفر مستشفيان رئيسيان، إلى جانب عدة عيادات خاصة، خدمات طبية على مدار 24 ساعة. لا توجد لقاحات مطلوبة. اتخذ الاحتياطات اللازمة لتجنب لدغات البعوض، إذ شهدت المنطقة تفشي حمى الضنك والشيكونغونيا وفيروس زيكا خلال العقد الثاني من القرن الحادي والعشرين. قد تكون '''[[Wy/ar/مياه الصنبور|مياه الصنبور]]''' صالحة للشرب أو غير صالحة، بحسب موقعك في الإقليم. وتُعد المياه المعبأة الخيار الأكثر أمانًا. ==احترم== [[File:Playing_with_a_ray.jpg|thumb|احترم الكائنات البحرية |alt=]] يفتخر سكان تاهيتي بجزرهم ويسعدهم أن يشاركوا ضيوفهم أسلوب حياتهم بطرق عديدة. وهم أشخاص مسترخون ومرحبون وودودون للغاية، ويعيشون وفق فلسفة '''''آيتا بيا بيا'''''، التي تعني «لا تقلق». يرجى أيضًا احترام الأرض وتنوعها. وتخضع الأنشطة التي تشمل الاقتراب من الحيتان والثدييات البحرية الأخرى للتنظيم، كما أن الحصول على تصاريح من السلطات البيئية أمر إلزامي. ==اتصل== توفر شركة فيني (OPT)، التابعة لمكتب البريد والاتصالات، خدمة الإنترنت في بولينيزيا، إما عبر المودم أو خط المشترك الرقمي غير المتماثل (ADSL). وللإقامة القصيرة، يُفضل استخدام اتصال لا يتطلب اشتراكًا. ويمكنك الاتصال باستخدام المعلومات التالية: رقم هاتف الخادم: 36-88-88 - اسم تسجيل الدخول: anonymous - كلمة المرور: anonymous. ويتوفر هذا النوع من الاتصال عبر المودم في جميع الأرخبيلات. توجد مقاهٍ للإنترنت في تاهيتي ومووريا وهواهين وبورا بورا وراياتيا ورانغيروا (نحو 250 فرنكًا مقابل اتصال مدته 15 دقيقة). وتوفر معظم الفنادق وبعض الفنادق الصغيرة ودور الضيافة إمكانية الوصول إلى الإنترنت لنزلائها. وفي بعض الجزر، يمكن الوصول إلى الإنترنت من مكاتب البريد. كما توفر [http://iaoranet.in-tahiti.com/ '''إيؤارانيت''']{{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} خدمة الواي فاي في جزر المجتمع (تاهيتي ومووريا وهواهين وبورا بورا وراياتيا)، وكذلك في بعض جزر تواموتو (فاكارافا ومانيهي ورانغيروا)، وجزر غامبير (مانغاريفا)، وجزر ماركيساس (نوكو هيفا وهيفا أوا). وتبلغ تكلفة الساعة نحو 5 دولارات أمريكية، لكن يمكن شراء حزم زمنية عبر الإنترنت بسعر يصل إلى دولارين أمريكيين للساعة. والخدمة بطيئة، لكنها موثوقة إلى حد معقول. تُقدم خدمات الهاتف المحمول شركتا '''فودافون''' و'''فيني'''. وتبيع فيني بطاقة سفر بقيمة 6000 فرنك توفر 30 دقيقة من المكالمات و2 غيغابايت من البيانات، أو بطاقة بقيمة 2050 فرنك لا تتضمن دقائق للمكالمات وتوفر 500 ميغابايت من البيانات. وتظل صلاحية كلتا البطاقتين 28 يومًا (يناير 2019). ==الوجهات التالية== * تُعد بولينيزيا الفرنسية واحدة من الأماكن القليلة التي يمكن الوصول منها عمليًا بالإبحار إلى [[Wy/ar/جزر بيتكيرن|جزر بيتكيرن]]. {{Wy/ar/جزء|Wy/ar/بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|-17.5|-149.6|zoom=7}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q30971}} 88pkopi54vp7notqhlfletiojtifw1l 0 3830744 7386411 7386159 2026-11-09T23:19:31Z Gazuma 2536608 Gazuma moved page [[Wp/ses/Saafune kulikoroo]] to [[Wp/ses/Kulikoro saafun]] 7386159 wikitext text/x-wiki Saafunoo kan se i ga nee kulikoroo saafune.no kan ga hanssandi nee daa ir Maali ra, saafune no kan gonda albarka a ga hanssandi koyrara zaa jirii morro yan n'ga boro n'da n’ga naaffa,se haala honne zaaro koyra izey ga naafa n'da, ir ma goye n'da ir koyraa haya hanssantey woo kul ga tonton koyra dura ga. b7k7htc58q2jfg2qf3itjwtqh51ipb3 0 3830746 7386598 7386180 2026-11-10T06:07:04Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386598 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lyudmila Pavlichenko portrait.jpg|thumb|Lyudmila]] '''Lyudmila Pavlichenko''' oci [[Wp/mnc/soviet|soviet]] i hehe 狙擊手 kai. [[Wp/mnc/2ci jalan dain|2ci jalan dain]] de 309 nofi fasciste sebe gabtame waha. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q145065}} n2eezl0jys78gi6fdnebw2meshiz0q4 0 3830748 7386203 7386202 2026-11-09T12:03:10Z Noory12 2713344 #shesaidha4 #shesaid 7386203 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Annie Fisher portrait.jpg|thumb|Annie Fisher portrait]] Annie Fisher (Disemba 3, 1867 – June 11, 1938) ta kasance kuku, mai soye-soye kuma 'yar kasuwa. Annie ta zauna a Columbia, Missiouri kuma ta yi aiki a gidajen manyan masu kudi a matdayin kuku har zuwa lokacin da ga fara sana'a a matsayin 'yar kasuwa. Anna ta sananna a Missouri saboda biskit na hannu da take yi. == Zantuka == * Saboda haka, tsawon lokaci na dade da samun wannan tunanin cewa hanya daya kawai da zan iya shiga gaba a abun da nike so shine in yarda da Kai na ba wai dayan mutumin ba. ** Columbia Daily Tribune Interview on [https://www.columbiatribune.com/story/news/2015/05/20/columbia-s-biscuit-queen/21761989007/ Columbia’s Biscuit Queen], May 15, 2015. [[Category:Wq/ha]] sdclc4kututlaocjubeqbkpze0be5uk 14 3830749 7386214 2026-11-09T13:00:07Z Ezagren 4984 new 7386214 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Incubator:All test wikis|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] rqhccfcjsv07vaakguohmd9q4xas6k8 0 3830750 7386215 2026-11-09T13:03:09Z Ezagren 4984 hanyar 7386215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pasangkayu''' yaitu sabuting [[Wy/bjn/Kabupatin|kabupatin]] di Prupinsi [[Wy/bjn/Sulawesi Barat|Sulawesi Barat]], [[Wy/bjn/Indunisia|Indunisia]]. ==Pahami== Pasangkayu yaitu sabuting kabupatin di Prupinsi Sulawesi Barat, Indunisia. Indung banua wan pusat pamarintahan baandak di Pasangkayu. Pasangkayu diliwati Jalan Trans Sulawesi. == Tulak ka sini == Pasangkayu kawa diilangi liwat jalan darat matan bandara nang taparak. Ada dua bandara nang taparak, yaitu Bandar Udara SIS Al-Jufri (123 km) di Kuta Palu wan Bandar Udara Tampa Padang (251 km) di kuta Mamuju. [[Category:Wy/bjn]] dqh9t64yfup6dhaalb6ri4nqc13u1ar 3 3830751 7386217 2026-11-09T13:09:45Z Cabayi 533060 Cabayi moved page [[User talk:Efinneran]] to [[User talk:9lf9]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Efinneran|Efinneran]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/9lf9|9lf9]]" 7386217 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:9lf9]] o42pfzwu86iezbo42o4z4uoacv2hv0m 0 3830752 7386218 2026-11-09T13:11:57Z Manaf205 2595279 Created page with "Philippa Musoke [[Category:Wq/ha]]" 7386218 wikitext text/x-wiki Philippa Musoke [[Category:Wq/ha]] c98f3jeb2iwhs0bzem4vutgoz1c4r5l 7386219 7386218 2026-11-09T13:13:07Z Manaf205 2595279 7386219 wikitext text/x-wiki Philippa Musoke Wata likitar Uganda ce, masaniya a fannin ilimi, mai bincike, kuma farfesa a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara (Pediatrics and Child Health) a Jami'ar Makerere. Ita ce shugabar kwamitocin fasaha na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Uganda da suka shafi Rigakafin Yaduwar Cutar HIV daga Uwa zuwa Ɗanta (PMTCT) da kuma Magungunan Rage Ƙwayar Cutar HIV ga Yara (Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy). [[Category:Wq/ha]] stapaoyylbf4wdgpshgulhpf5zs7gsm 7386220 7386219 2026-11-09T13:13:26Z Manaf205 2595279 7386220 wikitext text/x-wiki Philippa Musoke Wata likitar Uganda ce, masaniya a fannin ilimi, mai bincike, kuma farfesa a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara (Pediatrics and Child Health) a Jami'ar Makerere. Ita ce shugabar kwamitocin fasaha na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Uganda da suka shafi Rigakafin Yaduwar Cutar HIV daga Uwa zuwa Ɗanta (PMTCT) da kuma Magungunan Rage Ƙwayar Cutar HIV ga Yara (Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy). A shekarar 2022, Philippa ta samu lambar yabo ta Golden Jubilee Medal, wadda aka ba ta domin girmama ƙwazon hidimarta da amincinta ga ƙasar Uganda, da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar wajen gudanar da bincike kan rigakafin yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa ɗanta (PMTCT) a Uganda. [[Category:Wq/ha]] n0rrn239veqp8j3zk9e4cql4cvm0rc6 7386221 7386220 2026-11-09T13:13:45Z Manaf205 2595279 7386221 wikitext text/x-wiki Philippa Musoke Wata likitar Uganda ce, masaniya a fannin ilimi, mai bincike, kuma farfesa a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara (Pediatrics and Child Health) a Jami'ar Makerere. Ita ce shugabar kwamitocin fasaha na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Uganda da suka shafi Rigakafin Yaduwar Cutar HIV daga Uwa zuwa Ɗanta (PMTCT) da kuma Magungunan Rage Ƙwayar Cutar HIV ga Yara (Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy). A shekarar 2022, Philippa ta samu lambar yabo ta Golden Jubilee Medal, wadda aka ba ta domin girmama ƙwazon hidimarta da amincinta ga ƙasar Uganda, da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar wajen gudanar da bincike kan rigakafin yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa ɗanta (PMTCT) a Uganda. == zantuka == [[Category:Wq/ha]] 3ihgqtog7jk7bzt49oa5jdxw9ruej8b 7386222 7386221 2026-11-09T13:14:42Z Manaf205 2595279 7386222 wikitext text/x-wiki Philippa Musoke Wata likitar Uganda ce, masaniya a fannin ilimi, mai bincike, kuma farfesa a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara (Pediatrics and Child Health) a Jami'ar Makerere. Ita ce shugabar kwamitocin fasaha na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Uganda da suka shafi Rigakafin Yaduwar Cutar HIV daga Uwa zuwa Ɗanta (PMTCT) da kuma Magungunan Rage Ƙwayar Cutar HIV ga Yara (Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy). A shekarar 2022, Philippa ta samu lambar yabo ta Golden Jubilee Medal, wadda aka ba ta domin girmama ƙwazon hidimarta da amincinta ga ƙasar Uganda, da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar wajen gudanar da bincike kan rigakafin yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa ɗanta (PMTCT) a Uganda. == zantuka == * Ba dukkan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ne suke da damar gudanar da ayyukan da muke yi a Mulago da Kawempe ba. Wasu iyaye mata ba sa fara shan maganin a lokacin da ya kamata su fara. [[Category:Wq/ha]] gp9wx3qlun62pmmc2l414roafm9xac8 7386223 7386222 2026-11-09T13:15:28Z Manaf205 2595279 7386223 wikitext text/x-wiki Philippa Musoke Wata likitar Uganda ce, masaniya a fannin ilimi, mai bincike, kuma farfesa a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara (Pediatrics and Child Health) a Jami'ar Makerere. Ita ce shugabar kwamitocin fasaha na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Uganda da suka shafi Rigakafin Yaduwar Cutar HIV daga Uwa zuwa Ɗanta (PMTCT) da kuma Magungunan Rage Ƙwayar Cutar HIV ga Yara (Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy). A shekarar 2022, Philippa ta samu lambar yabo ta Golden Jubilee Medal, wadda aka ba ta domin girmama ƙwazon hidimarta da amincinta ga ƙasar Uganda, da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar wajen gudanar da bincike kan rigakafin yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa ɗanta (PMTCT) a Uganda. == zantuka == * Ba dukkan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ne suke da damar gudanar da ayyukan da muke yi a Mulago da Kawempe ba. Wasu iyaye mata ba sa fara shan maganin a lokacin da ya kamata su fara. * Wasu daga cikin mata suna kamuwa da cutar HIV ne a lokacin da suke da juna biyu, ba tare da sun san cewa sun kamu da ita ba. Saboda haka, sai su haifi jariri mai ɗauke da cutar HIV. [[Category:Wq/ha]] 9g775p7qwhlhzuyvjd7qryryym4eo24 7386224 7386223 2026-11-09T13:15:49Z Manaf205 2595279 7386224 wikitext text/x-wiki Philippa Musoke Wata likitar Uganda ce, masaniya a fannin ilimi, mai bincike, kuma farfesa a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara (Pediatrics and Child Health) a Jami'ar Makerere. Ita ce shugabar kwamitocin fasaha na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Uganda da suka shafi Rigakafin Yaduwar Cutar HIV daga Uwa zuwa Ɗanta (PMTCT) da kuma Magungunan Rage Ƙwayar Cutar HIV ga Yara (Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy). A shekarar 2022, Philippa ta samu lambar yabo ta Golden Jubilee Medal, wadda aka ba ta domin girmama ƙwazon hidimarta da amincinta ga ƙasar Uganda, da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar wajen gudanar da bincike kan rigakafin yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa ɗanta (PMTCT) a Uganda. == zantuka == * Ba dukkan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ne suke da damar gudanar da ayyukan da muke yi a Mulago da Kawempe ba. Wasu iyaye mata ba sa fara shan maganin a lokacin da ya kamata su fara. * Wasu daga cikin mata suna kamuwa da cutar HIV ne a lokacin da suke da juna biyu, ba tare da sun san cewa sun kamu da ita ba. Saboda haka, sai su haifi jariri mai ɗauke da cutar HIV. Wasu kuma ba sa shan magungunansu yadda ya kamata; suna shan su ne a duk lokacin da suka ga dama. Wannan yana sa adadin ƙwayoyin cutar HIV a cikin jininsu (viral load) ya ƙaru sosai, wanda hakan ke ƙara haɗarin yaɗuwar cutar daga uwa zuwa jariri. [[Category:Wq/ha]] afmsw7a8r4gmbpn4ryuqa6srq7l4hcy 7386225 7386224 2026-11-09T13:16:40Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7386225 wikitext text/x-wiki Philippa Musoke Wata likitar Uganda ce, masaniya a fannin ilimi, mai bincike, kuma farfesa a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara (Pediatrics and Child Health) a Jami'ar Makerere. Ita ce shugabar kwamitocin fasaha na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Uganda da suka shafi Rigakafin Yaduwar Cutar HIV daga Uwa zuwa Ɗanta (PMTCT) da kuma Magungunan Rage Ƙwayar Cutar HIV ga Yara (Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy). A shekarar 2022, Philippa ta samu lambar yabo ta Golden Jubilee Medal, wadda aka ba ta domin girmama ƙwazon hidimarta da amincinta ga ƙasar Uganda, da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar wajen gudanar da bincike kan rigakafin yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa ɗanta (PMTCT) a Uganda. == zantuka == * Ba dukkan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ne suke da damar gudanar da ayyukan da muke yi a Mulago da Kawempe ba. Wasu iyaye mata ba sa fara shan maganin a lokacin da ya kamata su fara. * Wasu daga cikin mata suna kamuwa da cutar HIV ne a lokacin da suke da juna biyu, ba tare da sun san cewa sun kamu da ita ba. Saboda haka, sai su haifi jariri mai ɗauke da cutar HIV. Wasu kuma ba sa shan magungunansu yadda ya kamata; suna shan su ne a duk lokacin da suka ga dama. Wannan yana sa adadin ƙwayoyin cutar HIV a cikin jininsu (viral load) ya ƙaru sosai, wanda hakan ke ƙara haɗarin yaɗuwar cutar daga uwa zuwa jariri. * Idan ka duba rukunin mata 3,000 da muke kula da su a MUJHU, yawan yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa jariri ya kai kashi sifili cikin ɗari (0%). Babu ko ɗaya daga cikinsu da ta yaɗa cutar ga jaririnta. [[Category:Wq/ha]] n36aybrrae5r2tfgli97t1sz8c4oarh 7386226 7386225 2026-11-09T13:17:01Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7386226 wikitext text/x-wiki Philippa Musoke Wata likitar Uganda ce, masaniya a fannin ilimi, mai bincike, kuma farfesa a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara (Pediatrics and Child Health) a Jami'ar Makerere. Ita ce shugabar kwamitocin fasaha na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Uganda da suka shafi Rigakafin Yaduwar Cutar HIV daga Uwa zuwa Ɗanta (PMTCT) da kuma Magungunan Rage Ƙwayar Cutar HIV ga Yara (Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy). A shekarar 2022, Philippa ta samu lambar yabo ta Golden Jubilee Medal, wadda aka ba ta domin girmama ƙwazon hidimarta da amincinta ga ƙasar Uganda, da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar wajen gudanar da bincike kan rigakafin yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa ɗanta (PMTCT) a Uganda. == zantuka == * Ba dukkan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ne suke da damar gudanar da ayyukan da muke yi a Mulago da Kawempe ba. Wasu iyaye mata ba sa fara shan maganin a lokacin da ya kamata su fara. * Wasu daga cikin mata suna kamuwa da cutar HIV ne a lokacin da suke da juna biyu, ba tare da sun san cewa sun kamu da ita ba. Saboda haka, sai su haifi jariri mai ɗauke da cutar HIV. Wasu kuma ba sa shan magungunansu yadda ya kamata; suna shan su ne a duk lokacin da suka ga dama. Wannan yana sa adadin ƙwayoyin cutar HIV a cikin jininsu (viral load) ya ƙaru sosai, wanda hakan ke ƙara haɗarin yaɗuwar cutar daga uwa zuwa jariri. * Idan ka duba rukunin mata 3,000 da muke kula da su a MUJHU, yawan yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa jariri ya kai kashi sifili cikin ɗari (0%). Babu ko ɗaya daga cikinsu da ta yaɗa cutar ga jaririnta. Dukkansu suna shan magungunan da aka ba su, kuma ma'aikatan lafiyarmu suna bibiyar lafiyarsu akai-akai. [[Category:Wq/ha]] o727oaf1uinw6arh0qjzu0q4nqhg4br 7386227 7386226 2026-11-09T13:17:18Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7386227 wikitext text/x-wiki Philippa Musoke Wata likitar Uganda ce, masaniya a fannin ilimi, mai bincike, kuma farfesa a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara (Pediatrics and Child Health) a Jami'ar Makerere. Ita ce shugabar kwamitocin fasaha na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Uganda da suka shafi Rigakafin Yaduwar Cutar HIV daga Uwa zuwa Ɗanta (PMTCT) da kuma Magungunan Rage Ƙwayar Cutar HIV ga Yara (Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy). A shekarar 2022, Philippa ta samu lambar yabo ta Golden Jubilee Medal, wadda aka ba ta domin girmama ƙwazon hidimarta da amincinta ga ƙasar Uganda, da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar wajen gudanar da bincike kan rigakafin yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa ɗanta (PMTCT) a Uganda. == zantuka == * Ba dukkan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ne suke da damar gudanar da ayyukan da muke yi a Mulago da Kawempe ba. Wasu iyaye mata ba sa fara shan maganin a lokacin da ya kamata su fara. * Wasu daga cikin mata suna kamuwa da cutar HIV ne a lokacin da suke da juna biyu, ba tare da sun san cewa sun kamu da ita ba. Saboda haka, sai su haifi jariri mai ɗauke da cutar HIV. Wasu kuma ba sa shan magungunansu yadda ya kamata; suna shan su ne a duk lokacin da suka ga dama. Wannan yana sa adadin ƙwayoyin cutar HIV a cikin jininsu (viral load) ya ƙaru sosai, wanda hakan ke ƙara haɗarin yaɗuwar cutar daga uwa zuwa jariri. * Idan ka duba rukunin mata 3,000 da muke kula da su a MUJHU, yawan yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa jariri ya kai kashi sifili cikin ɗari (0%). Babu ko ɗaya daga cikinsu da ta yaɗa cutar ga jaririnta. Dukkansu suna shan magungunan da aka ba su, kuma ma'aikatan lafiyarmu suna bibiyar lafiyarsu akai-akai. Amma idan aka yi la'akari da ƙididdigar ƙasa baki ɗaya, yawan yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa jariri yana kusan kashi 5 cikin ɗari (5%). [[Category:Wq/ha]] 0mrnymzd1ra03thgauh54zyar4x4idr 0 3830753 7386228 2026-11-09T13:21:12Z Manaf205 2595279 Created page with "Angelina Kakooza Mwesige [[Category:Wq/ha]]" 7386228 wikitext text/x-wiki Angelina Kakooza Mwesige [[Category:Wq/ha]] m2oj95gl6lfnpmr4uv6eu98b0snh25h 7386229 7386228 2026-11-09T13:22:01Z Manaf205 2595279 7386229 wikitext text/x-wiki Angelina Kakooza Mwesige Farfesa mai taimakawa (Associate Professor) ce, kuma ƙwararriyar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na yara (Pediatric Neurologist) daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere (Makerere University College of Health Sciences). [[Category:Wq/ha]] cn4jsas3czlgg8t1gse7sb60po9gu9j 7386230 7386229 2026-11-09T13:22:18Z Manaf205 2595279 7386230 wikitext text/x-wiki Angelina Kakooza Mwesige Farfesa mai taimakawa (Associate Professor) ce, kuma ƙwararriyar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na yara (Pediatric Neurologist) daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere (Makerere University College of Health Sciences). Tana aiki a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara, inda take gudanar da ayyukan likitanci, koyarwa da bincike. Babban fannin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne matsalolin haɓakar kwakwalwa da ci gaban yara (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), musamman cututtuka kamar farfaɗiya (Epilepsy), shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy), da Autism. [[Category:Wq/ha]] inka49x9anr1ot2e5fav5iy8mg5ikrm 7386231 7386230 2026-11-09T13:22:40Z Manaf205 2595279 7386231 wikitext text/x-wiki Angelina Kakooza Mwesige Farfesa mai taimakawa (Associate Professor) ce, kuma ƙwararriyar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na yara (Pediatric Neurologist) daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere (Makerere University College of Health Sciences). Tana aiki a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara, inda take gudanar da ayyukan likitanci, koyarwa da bincike. Babban fannin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne matsalolin haɓakar kwakwalwa da ci gaban yara (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), musamman cututtuka kamar farfaɗiya (Epilepsy), shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy), da Autism. Haka kuma, tana bincike kan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa kamar HIV/AIDS waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyin juyayi na yara. [[Category:Wq/ha]] he43l6ya0n7873a4od847j8h58qac3b 7386232 7386231 2026-11-09T13:22:55Z Manaf205 2595279 7386232 wikitext text/x-wiki Angelina Kakooza Mwesige Farfesa mai taimakawa (Associate Professor) ce, kuma ƙwararriyar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na yara (Pediatric Neurologist) daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere (Makerere University College of Health Sciences). Tana aiki a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara, inda take gudanar da ayyukan likitanci, koyarwa da bincike. Babban fannin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne matsalolin haɓakar kwakwalwa da ci gaban yara (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), musamman cututtuka kamar farfaɗiya (Epilepsy), shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy), da Autism. Haka kuma, tana bincike kan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa kamar HIV/AIDS waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyin juyayi na yara. == zantuka == [[Category:Wq/ha]] nf70i1ig3g0a8y9ibibfon2bf1lb2vj 7386233 7386232 2026-11-09T13:23:37Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7386233 wikitext text/x-wiki Angelina Kakooza Mwesige Farfesa mai taimakawa (Associate Professor) ce, kuma ƙwararriyar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na yara (Pediatric Neurologist) daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere (Makerere University College of Health Sciences). Tana aiki a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara, inda take gudanar da ayyukan likitanci, koyarwa da bincike. Babban fannin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne matsalolin haɓakar kwakwalwa da ci gaban yara (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), musamman cututtuka kamar farfaɗiya (Epilepsy), shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy), da Autism. Haka kuma, tana bincike kan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa kamar HIV/AIDS waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyin juyayi na yara. == zantuka == * Mun gano cewa yawan mace-mace a tsakanin yaran da ke da matsalar shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy – CP) ya ninka na yaran da ba su da wannan matsala sau 25. [[Category:Wq/ha]] 5xm1r6omn2luac1a5xyrp828h7fokfq 7386235 7386233 2026-11-09T13:23:57Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7386235 wikitext text/x-wiki Angelina Kakooza Mwesige Farfesa mai taimakawa (Associate Professor) ce, kuma ƙwararriyar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na yara (Pediatric Neurologist) daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere (Makerere University College of Health Sciences). Tana aiki a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara, inda take gudanar da ayyukan likitanci, koyarwa da bincike. Babban fannin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne matsalolin haɓakar kwakwalwa da ci gaban yara (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), musamman cututtuka kamar farfaɗiya (Epilepsy), shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy), da Autism. Haka kuma, tana bincike kan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa kamar HIV/AIDS waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyin juyayi na yara. == zantuka == * Mun gano cewa yawan mace-mace a tsakanin yaran da ke da matsalar shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy – CP) ya ninka na yaran da ba su da wannan matsala sau 25. A cikin yaran da ke da CP, 'yan mata da kuma manyan yara masu shekaru tsakanin 10 zuwa 18 ne suka fi fuskantar haɗarin mutuwa idan aka kwatanta da yaran da ba su da CP a cikin al'umma baki ɗaya. [[Category:Wq/ha]] 8m3ig1lhl695tlmuueaohityhq10e7l 7386236 7386235 2026-11-09T13:24:23Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7386236 wikitext text/x-wiki Angelina Kakooza Mwesige Farfesa mai taimakawa (Associate Professor) ce, kuma ƙwararriyar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na yara (Pediatric Neurologist) daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere (Makerere University College of Health Sciences). Tana aiki a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara, inda take gudanar da ayyukan likitanci, koyarwa da bincike. Babban fannin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne matsalolin haɓakar kwakwalwa da ci gaban yara (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), musamman cututtuka kamar farfaɗiya (Epilepsy), shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy), da Autism. Haka kuma, tana bincike kan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa kamar HIV/AIDS waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyin juyayi na yara. == zantuka == * Mun gano cewa yawan mace-mace a tsakanin yaran da ke da matsalar shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy – CP) ya ninka na yaran da ba su da wannan matsala sau 25. A cikin yaran da ke da CP, 'yan mata da kuma manyan yara masu shekaru tsakanin 10 zuwa 18 ne suka fi fuskantar haɗarin mutuwa idan aka kwatanta da yaran da ba su da CP a cikin al'umma baki ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya nuna cewa yaran da ke da matsananciyar nakasar motsi suna da kusan ninki 7 na haɗarin mutuwa idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda nakasarsu ba ta da tsanani sosai. [[Category:Wq/ha]] f4hgk5gfevzg25bhplwoanarcaf9qcp 7386238 7386236 2026-11-09T13:26:32Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7386238 wikitext text/x-wiki Angelina Kakooza Mwesige Farfesa mai taimakawa (Associate Professor) ce, kuma ƙwararriyar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na yara (Pediatric Neurologist) daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere (Makerere University College of Health Sciences). Tana aiki a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara, inda take gudanar da ayyukan likitanci, koyarwa da bincike. Babban fannin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne matsalolin haɓakar kwakwalwa da ci gaban yara (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), musamman cututtuka kamar farfaɗiya (Epilepsy), shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy), da Autism. Haka kuma, tana bincike kan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa kamar HIV/AIDS waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyin juyayi na yara. == zantuka == * Mun gano cewa yawan mace-mace a tsakanin yaran da ke da matsalar shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy – CP) ya ninka na yaran da ba su da wannan matsala sau 25. A cikin yaran da ke da CP, 'yan mata da kuma manyan yara masu shekaru tsakanin 10 zuwa 18 ne suka fi fuskantar haɗarin mutuwa idan aka kwatanta da yaran da ba su da CP a cikin al'umma baki ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya nuna cewa yaran da ke da matsananciyar nakasar motsi suna da kusan ninki 7 na haɗarin mutuwa idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda nakasarsu ba ta da tsanani sosai. * Wannan lambar yabo tana jaddada muhimmancin matsalolin ci gaban kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), waɗanda ke zama babbar matsalar lafiya a faɗin duniya. Sau da yawa ana gano waɗannan matsaloli ne a makare, sannan kuma ba a ba su kulawar da ta dace. [[Category:Wq/ha]] 6mghql6jrnwoydgq64v2ahw6gdg0wqq 7386239 7386238 2026-11-09T13:26:53Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7386239 wikitext text/x-wiki Angelina Kakooza Mwesige Farfesa mai taimakawa (Associate Professor) ce, kuma ƙwararriyar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na yara (Pediatric Neurologist) daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere (Makerere University College of Health Sciences). Tana aiki a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara, inda take gudanar da ayyukan likitanci, koyarwa da bincike. Babban fannin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne matsalolin haɓakar kwakwalwa da ci gaban yara (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), musamman cututtuka kamar farfaɗiya (Epilepsy), shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy), da Autism. Haka kuma, tana bincike kan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa kamar HIV/AIDS waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyin juyayi na yara. == zantuka == * Mun gano cewa yawan mace-mace a tsakanin yaran da ke da matsalar shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy – CP) ya ninka na yaran da ba su da wannan matsala sau 25. A cikin yaran da ke da CP, 'yan mata da kuma manyan yara masu shekaru tsakanin 10 zuwa 18 ne suka fi fuskantar haɗarin mutuwa idan aka kwatanta da yaran da ba su da CP a cikin al'umma baki ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya nuna cewa yaran da ke da matsananciyar nakasar motsi suna da kusan ninki 7 na haɗarin mutuwa idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda nakasarsu ba ta da tsanani sosai. * Wannan lambar yabo tana jaddada muhimmancin matsalolin ci gaban kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), waɗanda ke zama babbar matsalar lafiya a faɗin duniya. Sau da yawa ana gano waɗannan matsaloli ne a makare, sannan kuma ba a ba su kulawar da ta dace. Wannan lambar yabo ta tabbatar da irin gudummawar da nake bayarwa ga fannin kimiyya a Afirka. Haka kuma, tana ƙarfafa fafutukar tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a fannin kimiyya da ilimi, tare da sanya ni a matsayin abin koyi ga sauran mutane, wanda hakan ke ƙara tasiri da matsayin da nake da shi a cikin al'ummar masana kimiyya. [[Category:Wq/ha]] nsw04vawy9vdma8l1l6khx5h0j4iqmv 7386242 7386239 2026-11-09T13:28:35Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7386242 wikitext text/x-wiki Angelina Kakooza Mwesige Farfesa mai taimakawa (Associate Professor) ce, kuma ƙwararriyar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na yara (Pediatric Neurologist) daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere (Makerere University College of Health Sciences). Tana aiki a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara, inda take gudanar da ayyukan likitanci, koyarwa da bincike. Babban fannin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne matsalolin haɓakar kwakwalwa da ci gaban yara (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), musamman cututtuka kamar farfaɗiya (Epilepsy), shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy), da Autism. Haka kuma, tana bincike kan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa kamar HIV/AIDS waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyin juyayi na yara. == zantuka == * Mun gano cewa yawan mace-mace a tsakanin yaran da ke da matsalar shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy – CP) ya ninka na yaran da ba su da wannan matsala sau 25. A cikin yaran da ke da CP, 'yan mata da kuma manyan yara masu shekaru tsakanin 10 zuwa 18 ne suka fi fuskantar haɗarin mutuwa idan aka kwatanta da yaran da ba su da CP a cikin al'umma baki ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya nuna cewa yaran da ke da matsananciyar nakasar motsi suna da kusan ninki 7 na haɗarin mutuwa idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda nakasarsu ba ta da tsanani sosai. * Wannan lambar yabo tana jaddada muhimmancin matsalolin ci gaban kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), waɗanda ke zama babbar matsalar lafiya a faɗin duniya. Sau da yawa ana gano waɗannan matsaloli ne a makare, sannan kuma ba a ba su kulawar da ta dace. Wannan lambar yabo ta tabbatar da irin gudummawar da nake bayarwa ga fannin kimiyya a Afirka. Haka kuma, tana ƙarfafa fafutukar tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a fannin kimiyya da ilimi, tare da sanya ni a matsayin abin koyi ga sauran mutane, wanda hakan ke ƙara tasiri da matsayin da nake da shi a cikin al'ummar masana kimiyya. * Waɗannan sakamakon bincike sun nuna cewa manufar samar da ingantaccen kiwon lafiya ga kowa da kowa (Universal Health Coverage) magana ce kawai a baki, domin har yanzu ayyukan kiwon lafiya da damar samun ilimi ba sa isa ga waɗannan yara. [[Category:Wq/ha]] o550mqyhu4an1cv9pltr9hgskjxgi6u 7386243 7386242 2026-11-09T13:29:24Z Manaf205 2595279 7386243 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Angelina Kakooza Mwesige (54852265205).jpg|thumb|]] Angelina Kakooza Mwesige Farfesa mai taimakawa (Associate Professor) ce, kuma ƙwararriyar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na yara (Pediatric Neurologist) daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere (Makerere University College of Health Sciences). Tana aiki a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara, inda take gudanar da ayyukan likitanci, koyarwa da bincike. Babban fannin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne matsalolin haɓakar kwakwalwa da ci gaban yara (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), musamman cututtuka kamar farfaɗiya (Epilepsy), shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy), da Autism. Haka kuma, tana bincike kan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa kamar HIV/AIDS waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyin juyayi na yara. == zantuka == * Mun gano cewa yawan mace-mace a tsakanin yaran da ke da matsalar shanyewar ƙwaƙwalwa da nakasar motsi (Cerebral Palsy – CP) ya ninka na yaran da ba su da wannan matsala sau 25. A cikin yaran da ke da CP, 'yan mata da kuma manyan yara masu shekaru tsakanin 10 zuwa 18 ne suka fi fuskantar haɗarin mutuwa idan aka kwatanta da yaran da ba su da CP a cikin al'umma baki ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya nuna cewa yaran da ke da matsananciyar nakasar motsi suna da kusan ninki 7 na haɗarin mutuwa idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda nakasarsu ba ta da tsanani sosai. * Wannan lambar yabo tana jaddada muhimmancin matsalolin ci gaban kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi (Neurodevelopmental Disorders), waɗanda ke zama babbar matsalar lafiya a faɗin duniya. Sau da yawa ana gano waɗannan matsaloli ne a makare, sannan kuma ba a ba su kulawar da ta dace. Wannan lambar yabo ta tabbatar da irin gudummawar da nake bayarwa ga fannin kimiyya a Afirka. Haka kuma, tana ƙarfafa fafutukar tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a fannin kimiyya da ilimi, tare da sanya ni a matsayin abin koyi ga sauran mutane, wanda hakan ke ƙara tasiri da matsayin da nake da shi a cikin al'ummar masana kimiyya. * Waɗannan sakamakon bincike sun nuna cewa manufar samar da ingantaccen kiwon lafiya ga kowa da kowa (Universal Health Coverage) magana ce kawai a baki, domin har yanzu ayyukan kiwon lafiya da damar samun ilimi ba sa isa ga waɗannan yara. [[Category:Wq/ha]] n30i0uk3s22gqckdjbugg4kh9b73933 3 3830754 7386234 2026-11-09T13:23:42Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7386234 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 13:23, 9 November 2026 (UTC) klgalfyplvdgqqa208iny5hrappw5ao 0 3830755 7386244 2026-11-09T13:38:02Z Kimguist 2724735 Created page with "[[File:Ghanaian sign language interpreter working at University of Education Winneba.jpg|thumb|Ganalane viiputuskielen tulkki]] Viittomakielet ili '''viiputuskielet''' ollah kielilöi, kumbazissa kielelline kommunikatsie luajitah kiän azendoloilla, käzilöin, vardalon da suun lekkehillä dai rožan ilmielöillä. [[Category:Wp/krl/Kieli]] [[Category:Wp/krl]]" 7386244 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ghanaian sign language interpreter working at University of Education Winneba.jpg|thumb|Ganalane viiputuskielen tulkki]] Viittomakielet ili '''viiputuskielet''' ollah kielilöi, kumbazissa kielelline kommunikatsie luajitah kiän azendoloilla, käzilöin, vardalon da suun lekkehillä dai rožan ilmielöillä. [[Category:Wp/krl/Kieli]] [[Category:Wp/krl]] d2fhvq0vgwoc55in9txtzuj1088gr3t 7386245 7386244 2026-11-09T13:38:45Z Kimguist 2724735 7386245 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ghanaian sign language interpreter working at University of Education Winneba.jpg|thumb|Ganalane viiputuskielen tulkki]] Viittomakielet ili '''viiputuskielet''' ollah kielilöi, kumbazissa kielelline kommunikatsie luajitah kiän azendoloilla, käzilöin, vardalon da suun lekkehillä dai rožan ilmielöillä. [[Category:Wp/krl/Kielet]] [[Category:Wp/krl]] joklgfq0tf4l1xvnrudhz09yfsypc05 3 3830756 7386247 2026-11-09T14:33:09Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7386247 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 14:33, 9 November 2026 (UTC) 4t1oodu7b9dt7e7rxcu98p25gai9759 0 3830757 7386253 2026-11-09T16:06:07Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386253 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Chubbuck''' (Agusta 24, 1944, Hudson, Ohio - Yuli 15, 1974, Sarasota, Florida) yar jarida ce ta gidan talabijin ta Amurka wacce ta kashe kanta yayin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin kai tsaye. == Zantuka == * Dangane da al'adar WXLT na gabatar da mafi yawan rahotannin kai tsaye da cikakkun rahotanni na jini da labarai na gida, TV 40 yana gabatar da abin da aka yarda da shi talabijin ne da farko. A cikin launi mai rai, keɓantaccen ɗaukar hoto na yunƙurin kashe kansa. * Ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1974 da ƙarfe 9:38 na safe, mintuna 8 cikin shirinta na magana, Suncoast Digest, akan WXLT-TV. Bayan ɗan lokaci, Chubbuck ta fito da bindiga daga ƙarƙashin teburin labarai kuma ta harbe kanta a kai. * Magana game da Christine Chubbuck * Ta rubuta wani abu kamar 'Shahararriyar labarai ta TV 40 Christine Chubbuck ta harbe kanta a wani shiri kai tsaye da aka yi a safiyar yau a shirin tattaunawa na Channel 40. An garzaya da ita asibitin tunawa da Sarasota, inda take ci gaba da zama cikin mawuyacin hali. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Suicide_of_Christine_Chubbuck|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_of_Christine_Chubbuck]] 1wz4a6l95ybkwxztb1lm3dn93yxpgrs 0 3830758 7386254 2026-11-09T16:08:18Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386254 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chrisean Eugenia Malone''' (an Haife shi Maris 14, 2000), wanda aka sani da ƙwararru kamar Chrisean Rock, ɗan wasan rap na Amurka ne kuma halayen talabijin na gaskiya. == Zantuka == * Inabukatar kowa ya yi min addu'a... Na sha fama da bacin rai n yunkurin kashe kaina tun yarinya karama kawai don ina jin kamar kullun duniya ta ba ni tuff. * Gajimare ne mai duhu a kaina yana ƙoƙarin cinye ni. Don fita daga cikin duhun nan zan yi sauri ... a kara yin addu'a n zan dawo dan kadan * Na zama kasa da kaina n na fara damuwa da shan ruwa gaba daya hakanan damuwa ta fara kama da son kai cuz daina kasancewa a wurin ppl. * Chrisean Rock Ya Fashe Yayin Hira, Blueface Ya Korar Ta; Daga ERIKA MARIE * Ina tsammanin muna fahimtar juna ta hanyar da muke da soyayya marar iyaka, inda ba ta da ma'ana ko kadan a zahiri, a zahiri. * Kuma da farko, muna kawai rataye a waje kamar babu kyamarori. Da farko, ba wani negativity. Sa'an nan a lokacin da streaming ya zo, yana da matukar aiki. * Ina tsammanin tabbas ba zan taɓa samun kyakkyawar dangantaka ko abota daga kowa ba saboda matsayina da lambobi na. * Ya kasance kamar, Lafiya, kar ku dawo da gudu idan na fara iyali. Ina kamar, 'Bro, za mu kasance har yanzu abokai, har yanzu sanyi. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Chrisean_Rock|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrisean_Rock]] apg81alc7c6xtxprz1c4ppto0h9xslu 0 3830759 7386255 2026-11-09T16:10:27Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386255 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Lucella Elizabeth Chiles''' (an haife shi Afrilu 15, 2001) yar wasan motsa jiki ce ta Amurka. Ta kasance memba a kungiyar da ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024, tun da ta kasance memba a kungiyar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020. Ta kasance memba a cikin tawagar da ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2022. Kowannensu, ita ce 2022 World vault da bene mai lambar yabo ta azurfa. == Zantuka == * A gare ni, taron jama'a suna yi mini hayaniya kuma na kashe kuzarin taron, Lokacin da kiɗa na ya zo kuma taron ya yi ruri, Ina so in doke tashe-tashen hankula daga al'amurana. * Idan ba ku jin daɗi tukuna, kuna gab da yin hakan. Ba na tsammanin kowa zai iya yin aiki kamar Jordan Chiles. * Kusan shekaru 14, Na kasance kamar: 'Ka san menene? Ba zan saurari kowa ba, 'Zan yi ni kawai, in fita can in ji daɗi, kuma kawai in yi rayuwa mai kyau.' Haka na shawo kan mutane kullum suna ce mini in dushe haskena. Wani abu ne da ba na so ya sake faruwa. * Da yake iya cewa ba kawai na yi horo na wasu shekaru ba, na horar da rayuwata gaba daya don zama dan wasan Olympics, mahaukaci ne. * Lokacin da nake ƙarami, abin da na yi shi ne, ‘Bye, Mama. Zuwa makaranta. Je zuwa aiki. * Iyalina sun sadaukar da abubuwa da yawa, musamman ’yan’uwana, suna kai ni wurin motsa jiki suna yi mini waɗannan abubuwa. * Haka rayuwata ta kasance. Amma yanzu, ina ƙoƙarin guje wa duk wannan hankalin. Ni ne cibiyar lokacin da nake ƙarami kuma ina so in ba kowa wannan kulawa a yanzu. * "Ban san ainihin inda nake cikin tsarin warkarwa na ba, Wasu kwanaki ina jin dadi, sannan kuma a ranaku kamar yin gasar Olympics ta biyu, na yi farin ciki sosai sannan na yi bakin ciki cewa ba su zo wurin shaida ba. Dukansu manyan magoya bayana ne kuma su ne dalilina. Sun so wannan a gare ni kuma ina so in yi musu. * Yana da ban dariya, koyaushe ina yi musu barkwanci saboda ni ɗan wasan motsa jiki ne, koyaushe ina kama da, 'Ka san ina jujjuya itacen inci huɗu? Ku zo yanzu.’ Ina fadowa daga sama, na sauko da ƙafafuna ko ta yaya. Ina yi musu barkwanci da yawa. Amma sanin cewa koyaushe suna kan yatsunsu 10 tare da ni, suna buɗe idanunsu a buɗe 24/7, da gaske yana taimakawa saboda ba kawai a can don tabbatar da cewa na sami kayana ba. Suna kuma ba ni kariya. * Ban yi tsammanin wasan yana son ni ba, Don haka na tafi ta wata hanya dabam. * Tun da farko a cikin aikin motsa jiki na, na ji kunya don tunanin ban isa ba kuma ya kamata in cinye miya mai tsabta, A lokacin, ba ni da kitsen jiki da abs na kwanaki. * Na ji rauni lokacin da nake karama, ana samun nauyi. An gaya mini cewa wasu abubuwa kawai zan iya ci. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da aka gaya mini domin dole ne in ‘duba wata hanya.’ Amma da na ƙara girma, na gane cewa mu mutane ne. Jikinmu yana ta sauye-sauye daban-daban. Ni mace ce, don haka a fili, idan yazo da yanayin hormonal ko sake zagayowar, ba zan iya sarrafa hakan ba. * Wani lokaci zan ci shi, amma ba zan ci gaba dayan abu ba, Domin irin wannan raunin ya shiga cikin wasa. Kamar kuna jin wani koyaushe yana kallon ku * Akwai lokutan da zan zauna a teburin cin abinci kuma idan wani, kamar iyayena ko ’yan’uwana, ya gaya mani wani abu, duk abin da nake ci zai tafi. Zai rufe kawai kuma ba zan ci komai ba. * Na ɗauki ɗan lokaci don neman taimako a zahiri domin wasanni na yana koya mana mu kasance masu zaman kansu, Amma da na yi hakan, na sami kwanciyar hankali da lafiyar hankalina kuma na iya cewa, ‘Babu laifi in nemi taimako.’ Na ƙara amincewa da kaina kuma na sami damar zama Urdun da nake so koyaushe in kasance lokacin da na fara wasan motsa jiki. * Wata mace a cikin taron ta kasance kamar, 'Ba ta cancanci zama a ƙasa ba. Ba ta ma yi kama da kowa ba, mutane suna ta hari da wariyar launin fata ba tare da sanina da gaske ba. Ni matashi ne, don haka kawai na san labarin saboda mahaifiyata ta gaya mani. Dole ne jami’an tsaro su zo su ce, ‘Malam, ita tana yin komai kamar kowa.’ An kwace min lambobin yabo. An gaya mini cewa mahaifiyata ba mahaifiyata ba ce. An gaya mini cewa ni ba Baƙar fata ba ne. * Ina so a yi saboda ban yi tunanin wasan yana so na ba. Ban yi tsammanin mutanen da ke kusa da ni suna son ganin kyakkyawar yarinya baƙar fata a cikin [leotard] kuma. * Zan iya gaya wa matasa, ‘Duba, idan wannan ya taɓa faruwa, ku yi amfani da muryarku, ku faɗi abin da kuke bukata. Kuma idan aka fitar da ku daga dakin motsa jiki, za a kore ku daga dakin motsa jiki. * Na yi ta wannan zagayowar sau ɗaya a baya. Kwakwalwa na yanzu yana kama da, Ok, kun yi shi, don haka mu sake yi. Ba ku da wani abin da za ku iya tabbatarwa, zan fita da kaina… domin a ƙarshen rana, koyaushe zan kasance da alfahari'Amma aƙalla kun sami damar tsayawa kan kanku. Aƙalla kuna iya gaya musu yadda kuke ji da gaske. * Ban san yadda na kasance daidai ba ko kuma yadda na kasance amintacce har sai Tokyo da ni na iya shiga don irin wannan mutumin mai ban mamaki, na shiga cikin wasu manyan takalma, tabbas ya kara min kwarin gwiwa na sanin cewa, Ok, komai abin da aka jefa ni, zan iya amincewa, Yanzu zan iya shakatawa kuma ba zan samu ma ba. == Hamyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Jordan_Chiles|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Chiles]] 7hkbjy9w44smyt97fxajq7itf1n98fm 0 3830760 7386256 2026-11-09T16:12:32Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kristi Castlin''' (an haife ta a watan Yuli 7, 1988) yar wasan tsere ne na Amurka wanda ta ƙware a cikin matsalolin mita 100. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar Olympics ta 2016. == Zantuka == * Haba mutum! Na ji kamar ina can wajen wasa a cikin Super Bowl. Na ci gaba da tambayar kaina dalilin da ya sa nake samun zuriya a gare su duk da cewa ni ƙwararren ɗan wasa ne amma ƙungiyar gida ce. Yana da kyau ko da yake suna da tawaga mai kyau kuma za su sake dawowa nan ba da jimawa ba. * ban yi ba. A zahiri na gano cewa ina da karaya a kuguta ko da na shiga gasar Olympics. Na yi rehabbing daga wannan kuma kawai fara horo makonni uku da suka wuce. Kamar yadda aka jarabce ni zuwa Houston, ina buƙatar zama a LA Ina so in yi wannan ƙungiyar zakarun duniya mai zuwa saboda Super Bowl na. * Kafin in ci lambar yabo ta Olympics, ban taba taba lambar yabo ta Olympics ba. Shi ya sa na bar yaran da ke wurin su gwada lambar yabo ta su taba ta. Ina so su san abin da yake ji don samun nasara. Yawancin 'yan wasa da mutane suna shiga cikin al'ummomi kuma yana da kyau a sauke jakunkuna da takalma. Wannan bandaid. Wannan ba da gaske zai fita don magana da yaro da jin muryarsu game da abin da suke son ganin an canza ba. Za su tambaye ni game da abin da zan iya canzawa da kuma yadda na bi da rashin iyaye. Suna zurfafa cikin zukatansu da tunaninsu suna cewa "Me za mu iya yi don samun lafiya?" Ba wai kawai daga kasuwanci ba amma a matsayin masu tasiri, kafofin watsa labaru da kuma mutane gaba daya, wannan shine game da tasirin mutane da canza rayuwa. * Magana ta gaskiya: Kristi Castlin akan tashin hankalin bindiga a Amurka, tarihi a Rio da ƙari; Na Chris Chavez akan Fabrairu 13, 2017 * Nan da nan bayan haka, ya kasance mai yawa kuma sannan kuma irin ya ragu kadan-ba mu da babban gasar zakara [a cikin 2018]. A wannan shekarar a zahiri muna da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a Doha, Qatar a watan Oktoba, don haka na yi ta shirye-shiryen yin hakan. Kuma a sa'an nan, ba shakka, Tokyo yana kusa da kusurwa. * To a gaskiya, a wannan shekarar da ta gabata a lokacin hutuna na fuskanci wasu ’yan matsaloli domin na gano cewa ina fama da cutar endometriosis. Don haka a jiki, na kasance cikin jin zafi koyaushe, don haka a zahiri na ɗauki wannan mataki na gaba kuma na yi ƙaramin tiyata. Haƙiƙa 2018 na ɗaya daga cikin shekaru mafi wahala * Ee. Har yanzu ina fama da wasu alamomin, amma yanzu ya ɗan fi kyau saboda abinci da motsa jiki. Na sami damar daidaita abubuwa fiye da [daga] ainihin irin kawai sanin abin da nake hulɗa da su. * Abin da ya sa na ce yana da nau'i mai nau'i uku saboda ina jin idan kawai ina kallon burin gaba ɗaya na zama mai lambar zinare na Olympics, wannan yana da yawa. Ko kowace rana, mako zuwa mako-idan na iya ganin ci gaba a nan ko kuma idan zan iya bincika abubuwan da ke cikin jerina, wanda ya lashe lambar zinare ta Olympics zai zama abin dogaro na in == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Kristi_Castlin|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Castlin]] f6xern2qs1kwok5uqx0g3bxz5bn804p 0 3830761 7386257 2026-11-09T16:14:39Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386257 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juliette "Juju" Castaneda''' (lakabi Juju C.; sunan alƙalami Juliet C.; an haife shi Maris 21, 1981) mutuniyar kafofin watsa labarun Amurka ce, marubuciya, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma 'yar kasuwa. == Zantuka == * Ya ce ba zan iya tafiya ba. Ya ce 'Na samu nawa abin tafiya. * Kun san hakan ya cutar da ni sosai, saboda ni da Cam, hakika mun kasance abokai na kwarai, * Wannan abin da ake kira rayuwa shine game da haɓakawa da girma kuma idan hakan ya sa ni ban ji daɗi ba na yi daidai da hakan. * Ni da Cam muna da shekaru tara na dangantaka mai daɗi. Cam mutumin kirki ne. Shi babban uba ne. * Mun kasance muna girma dabam. Muna tafiya ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma hakan yayi daidai. Mutum ne nagari kuma ina yi masa fatan alheri. * J * Kada ku karaya shine abin da nake fada, domin a zahiri na shiga ciki da kaina. Mun daɗe muna ƙoƙarin samun yara. * Kowane wata zan kasance kamar, ‘Ok, bari in ga ko ina da ciki.’ Zan yi gwajin kuma ba ni da. Na ji kamar wani abu ne da ke damuna. Na ji kamar yana da ɗa. Wannan shi ne mutumin da nake so, me ya sa ba zan iya haihuwa tare da shi ba? Kuma zan ji, ok, ni na kasa da mace saboda ban haifi jariri ba tukuna? Na ji haka. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Juju_Castaneda|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juju_Castaneda]] g89o2a7wlkmziwtqmkugg371qpqhm9q 0 3830762 7386258 2026-11-09T16:17:20Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386258 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jade Cargill''' (an haife shi a watan Yuni 3, 1992) ɗan kokawa ƙwararren ɗan Amurka ne. An sanya mata hannu zuwa WWE tun daga 2023, inda take yin tambarin SmackDown. == Zantuka == * Duk inda na tafi, yanayin yanayin yana canzawa. Wannan shine babban ƙarfina * Mai kyau ko mara kyau, koyaushe ina Trend * Mutane suna ƙin abin da ba za su iya zama ba * Gyaran jiki da gashi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ainihi na a cikin kokawa da kuma halina na Jade Cargill. Tare da WrestleMania, yana farawa da jigo, kuma yana gangarowa daga can. Launi yana fassara ji. Don haka wannan kakar, mun kasance a Vegas, don haka muna tunanin lokaci ne mafi kyau don ba da damar ni in zama hadari - kuma gaskiya, ni irin mutumin da yake jin dadi kuma yana wasa mai kyau lokacin da na yi kyau. * Yana nufin komai. Muna cikin wasan da maza suka mamaye, don haka duk lokacin da muka sami damar haskakawa da nunawa, muna haɓaka mintunanmu kuma muna cin nasara sosai. Ina fatan za mu ci gaba da samun ƙarin lokaci kuma mu sami manyan lokuta irin wannan. A yanzu haka, sashin mata yana karko da guguwa. Ina tsammanin dukkanmu mun yi fice lokacin da muka taka wadannan rawar da kuma bayarwa, don haka yana nufin dukan duniya. * Abin da ba za a iya sasantawa ba shine kulawar fata. Akwai takamaiman abin rufe fuska mai daidaitawa ta Biologique Recherche. Billie Eilish ta kuma yi mamakin wannan abin rufe fuska. Ina amfani da wannan sau ɗaya a mako kuma na yi muku alƙawarin a zahiri yana ɗaukar duk wani kayan shafa mai yawa daga cikin pores na - kuma kar ku manta wannan kayan shafa ne na TV - don haka amfani da wannan abin rufe fuska ba zai yuwu ba saboda yana ba ni zane mai tsabta. * Jade Cargill yana Kawo Glam mai ƙarfi ga WWE == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Jade_Cargill|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade_Cargill]] d8hvtyrrvwwrtgnzx6sl78xnw50pphv 0 3830763 7386260 2026-11-09T16:20:57Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386260 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melissa Butler''' ’yar kasuwa ce Ba’amurke wacce ta kafa alamar lipstick vegan The Lip Bar. An san ta da fitowarta ta 2015 akan Shark Tank, inda ta yi rashin nasarar kafa alamar lipstick na vegan. Daga baya ta ƙaddamar da haɓaka kamfanin. == Zantuka == * Yawancin ƙananan masu kasuwanci ba su da kuɗi don haka, muna gudanar da kuɗin kasuwancin mu don biyan kuɗi, yawanci. Kuma ko da kun sami zagaye na kudade, ba yana nufin cewa dole ne ku sami wani zagaye na kudade ba. Ko wataƙila ba ku da ƙwarewar sanin abin da za ku yi da wannan zagaye na kuɗi. Don haka, ina tsammanin al'amari ne na, da farko, ba shakka, nemi waɗannan lamuni, nemi waɗannan tallafin - nemi amma, kar ku dogara. * Kyau ba ya kama da abu ɗaya. Yana kama da komai, kuma an haɗa ni cikin wannan. * Idan zan iya zaburar da motsi zai kasance don ƙarfafa gaskiya. Ina so mu daina karya. Ba mu da shi tare. Babu wanda yake cikakke. * Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ɗan kasuwa ko kowane ɗan adam zai iya samu a cikin aljihunsa na baya shine wannan rashin tsoro da ke cewa, 'To, idan wannan ya yi kuskure, na koya daga gare ta. Na dandana shi. Yanzu na canza daga gare ta.' * Kun riga kun yi kyau kamar yadda yake, kuma idan kuna son haɓaka kyawun ku, to ina so ku sami damar yin hakan ta amfani da waɗannan kayan kwalliya masu inganci, vegan, marasa tausayi a farashi mai rahusa. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:ha:Melissa_Butler|ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melissa_Butler]] m8jwm948pcjal0mbrrcvkxgz1tpaevi 0 3830764 7386261 2026-11-09T16:23:20Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386261 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Riley Joyce Burruss''' (an haife shi a watan Agusta 22, 2002) ɗan gidan talabijin ne na Amurka. An fi saninta da fitowarta a shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaskiya na Bravo Matan gidan na Atlanta da na gaba Gen NYC. == Zantuka == * Ee, na samu, wani lokacin dole ne ku girma cikin sifofin ku kuma duk abin da, mai yiwuwa bai kamata ku yi shi matashi, mai kyau ba, * Idan ina son samun aikin hanci 15 to zan yi duk abin da nake so. * A lokacin, na san mutane da yawa sun yi hasashe cewa mutane suna yin tsokaci game da hancina, kuma shi ya sa na yi hakan, saboda fahimtar jama'a. A gaskiya ban taba jin komai game da hancina ba kafin in yi shi. Amma ina jin kamar hancina ya dan fi girman fuskata * Wani abu ne da ya fusata ni, kuma ina tsammanin na ɗan gaji da yin gyaran hanci a kowane lokaci. Don haka na kasance kamar, kun san menene, bari mu sanya wannan a cikin toho da sauri. * Riley Burruss Ta Yi Tunani Akan Aikin Nose, Ta Ce 'Wataƙila Bai Kamata Ta Yi Wannan Matasa ba'; Daga Elizabeth Ayoola * Ina son koyon harsuna Na san Koriya, Mutanen Espanya da Ingilishi, kuma na san ɗan Fotigal, amma ba da gaske ba. * Ina matukar son zuwa alamun rikodin, da yin aiki a can, da yin 9 zuwa 5. Ina jin daɗin hakan sosai. * Atlanta koyaushe zai kasance a saman a cikin masana'antar kiɗa, amma kawai ina so in mayar da hankali kan kawo shi zuwa 'saman saman,' irin na farkon 2000s vibe. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Riley_Burruss|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley_Burruss]] 915h9jb0kswseeb2sqce82rt68yz8lm 0 3830765 7386262 2026-11-09T16:26:52Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kardea Brown ('''an Haife ta Nuwamba 16, 1987) mai dafa abinci yar Amurka ce kuma mai ba da abinci wanda itace mai masaukin gidan talabijin ɗin Delicious Miss Brown akan Cibiyar Abinci. == Zantuka == * Ingantacciyar fahimtar rayuwa a nan cikin Ƙasar ƙasa da kuma ƙarin ilimin al'adun Gullah. Ina son masu kallo su sani game da asalinmu da kyakkyawar hanyar rayuwa da muka gudanar don adanawa daga kakanninmu na Yammacin Afirka. * Wanene ba ya son abinci? Wanene ba ya son abincin Kudu? Na yi imani Delicious Miss Brown ta nuna mafi kyawun halittun biyu. Burina shi ne in nuna wa masu kallo cewa mun fi kamanceceniya fiye da yadda muka bambanta, wanda ke da matukar muhimmanci a lokacin da rikicin kabilanci ya yi yawa. Iyali da soyayya sune jigon rayuwata. Ina fata shirina ya ƙarfafa masu kallo su sanya soyayya a tsakiyar rayuwarsu, suma. * A cikin 2014, saurayina na lokacin ya sanya ni hannu don nuna wasan dafa abinci da ke nuna masu dafa abinci a gida. Daga nan aka nuna ni a cikin matukin jirgi a tashar dafa abinci. * Ba ni da wani nau'i na musamman a zuciya-Ina so kawai in duba kuma in ji mafi kyawuna. Na koyi cewa akwai ma'auni: za ku iya jin dadin abincin da kuke so, kawai a cikin matsakaici. Motsa jiki ya zama muhimmin sashe na yau da kullun. Ina jin daɗin yoga da tunani. * Dafa abinci yana faranta zuciyata. Ko lokacin da ba a saita ni ba, ina cikin kicin. Ina kuma son zama a waje, ko yawo ne a bakin teku ko kuma gasa a bayan gida na. Wani lokaci ina jin daɗin yin komai. shakatawa yana da mahimmanci! * Minti 15 tare da Kardea Brown; Daga Lauren B. Johnson akan Satumba 2020 * Yana da wuya a kwatanta wani abu mai kyau sosai. Yarintata a zahiri ta ƙare ba takalmi tana gudu a cikin yashi kuma ina kusa da ruwa da cin sabbin ciyayi daidai daga facin lambun, cin okra daidai daga cikin gonakin okra. Muna da dangi babba a Tsibirin Wadmalaw, don haka na girma sosai da ƴan uwana waɗanda a zahiri suke kusan shekaru ɗaya. Mun girma kawai muna rataye a tsibirin, kwanakin bakin teku a lokacin bazara. Ina kawai tuna duk kyawawan abubuwa na kasancewa a cikin ƙananan ƙasa. Ina kuma tuna ranar muggy, da kasancewa kusa da dangi da jin daɗin abincin teku. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Kardea_Brown|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardea_Brown]] h7mz9tc2i5goldxfzeira9jwm9xkynw 0 3830766 7386263 2026-11-09T16:29:03Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386263 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shyniece Deneen Thomas''' (wacce aka haifa a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1994), wacce aka fi sani da sunan da take amfani da shi a fagen waka, Lola Brooke, mawakiyar rap ce 'yar kasar Amurka. An haife ta kuma ta girma a Brooklyn, kuma ta shahara sosai saboda wakarta ta shekarar 2021 mai taken "Don't Play with It", wacce ta samu karbuwa sosai a shafukan Twitter da TikTok a shekarar da ta biyo baya. Ta sanya hannu kan kwangila da kamfanin Arista Records a shekarar 2023. == Zantuka == * A lokacin da nake aiki a gidan kula da marasa gida (shelter), na shiga matsananciyar damuwa, saboda ba aikin da nake so in yi ba ne kwata-kwata. Amma, dole ne in nemi hanyar samun kudi kuma ina da nauye-nauye a kaina. Sai dai, mahaifiyata ta ba ni goyon baya sosai. Daga karshe ta ba ni izinin barin aikin, domin ta san cewa burina shi ne in zama mawakiyar rap. Ta ga yadda nake ta fita da shigowa kullum, ba tare da samun isasshen barci ba. Amma ta ce min, 'idan wannan shi ne burinki, kuma kin yi imani da shi, to ni ma na yi imani da shi.' Kuma hakan shi ne karfin gwiwar da nake bukata. * Meek Mill yana daya daga cikin mawakan rap guda uku da suka sa na ce, 'idan shi zai iya yin hakan, to ni ma zan iya.' Ina tunawa da yadda na rika bibiyar tafiyarsa, daga baya kuma na samu damar yin aiki tare da shi. Wannan ya kasance daya daga cikin burina. * Wannan yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi burge ni a cikin aikina har zuwa yanzu. Na dade ina kallon Teyana tun ina karama, kuma samun damar yin aiki tare da ita, tare da jin ta ce min ina yin aiki mai kyau, abu ne mai matukar muhimmanci a gare ni. * A ganina, idan aka zo batun mata a fagen rap, ya kamata mu sami damar zaban yadda muke son gabatar da wakokinmu. Kullum ina kokarin kasancewa ni ce ainihin kaina, domin idan na yi kokarin zama wani daban, ba na jin dadin hakan. Idan ina kokarin zama wani daban, hakan ba ya ba ni kwarin gwiwar ci gaba. Don haka, yadda nake gabatar da wakokina yana da matukar muhimmanci a gare ni. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Lola_Brooke|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lola_Brooke]] t76ipo2wqe0q1nrith7vuyinfmfrpgn 0 3830767 7386264 2026-11-09T16:31:17Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386264 wikitext text/x-wiki Deborah P. Britzman FRSC ƙwararriyar masaniyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ce kuma farfesa a Jami'ar York. Binciken Brittzman ya haɗa nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin halin ɗan adam na zamani, ilimin malamai, rashin daidaiton zamantakewa, samuwar asali, ka'idar 'yan luwaɗi, matsalolin rashin haƙuri da rikicin tarihi. == Zantuka == * Ka'idar 'Yan Luwaɗi ta gabatar da tunanin asali ta hanyar da ke sanya a matsayin matsala samar da al'ada da kuma cikin sharuddan da ke rikitar da fahimtar kayan aikin da ke samar da asali a matsayin maimaitawa. * Idan mutum ba zai iya jin hanyarsa ta shiga cikin mutane ba tare da, a zahiri, wakiltar kai a matsayin mai sulhu da alƙali na ayyukan ɗayan da yuwuwarsa, wataƙila lokaci ya yi da za a yi tambaya game da abin da mutum yake so daga tausayi. ... Hanya mafi amfani don tunani game da ji tana buƙatar kulawa ga abin da ke tsara hanyoyin da ake tunanin ji da kuma karanta su. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[:en:Deborah_Britzman|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Britzman]] 52i4d876v5l9ng7ep8a9ct24caj065w 0 3830768 7386265 2026-11-09T16:33:18Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386265 wikitext text/x-wiki Tamar Estine Braxton (wacce aka haifa a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1977) mawakiyar Amurka ce, marubuciyar wakoki, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma fitacciyar fuska a talabijin. == Zantuka == * Tun ina karamar yarinya nake da wannan yanayin. Ba shi da tsanani kamar yadda yake ga wasu—domin kowanne mutum yana fuskantar sa ta hanyoyi daban-daban—amma ni an riga an tabbatar min da cewa ina da shi. Shi ya sa nake sanya fatata ta yi duhu (ta hanyar fallasa ta ga rana). Mutane kan ce, "Kin yi amfani da maganin canza launin fata (bleaching)!" Amma ni ina sanya fatata ta yi duhu ne kawai don ta samu launi mai kyau, masoyiyata! ...Amma idan aka gano cewa kana da matsalar fata, abu ne mai wuya. Yana shafar yadda mutum yake kallon kansa (self-esteem). Hakika yana shafawa. Amma na daina kare kaina kan wannan batun. Ba na amfani da maganin canza launin fata; da a ce ina amfani da shi kuma ina son in fada, da na fada, amma don a sani, ba na yi. * Ya taimaka min wajen karɓar abin da ya faru da ni, kuma ya taimaka min in fahimci cewa hakan ba shi ne ainihin halina ba. Cin zarafi ba shi ne ainihin wacce ni ce ba, kuma bai hana ni zama wacce nake so in zama ba, haka kuma bai rage min mutunci ko daraja ta ba. Ina kara godiya gare shi a kowace rana. * A baya, ba na yawan bayyana yadda nake ji, musamman a cikin dangantaka. Yanzu, na tabbatar da cewa ina bayyana yadda nake ji a fili; kowa ya san abin da ke zuciyata. Wani lokacin nakan wuce gona da iri, har ma ana iya cewa ni 'mai yawan wuce gona da iri ce' (ta yi dariya), amma dole ne in yi hakan. A da, ni mutum ce mai kunya kuma mai matsalar rashin amincewa da kai, ina kokarin fahimtar kaina—yanzu kuma, na shawo kan wadannan matsalolin. Idan kuka ce yanzu na natsu kuma na amince da kaina, to ku sani cewa ya dauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin in kai ga wannan matakin. Watakila shekara guda kafin fara shirin 'Braxton Family Values', ban kasance irin wannan mutumin ba. A takaice dai, na rika nuna kamar ina da karfin gwiwa ne har sai da na zama mai karfin gwiwar da gaske. Ban dauki kaina a matsayin mai kyau ba. Ban ji cewa na cancanci abubuwa masu kyau ba. Ban yi tunanin cewa zan iya tsayawa a cikin daki in yi magana, ko in yi waka, kuma mutane su so su saurare ni ba. "Hira da Tamar Braxton a Mujallar Ebony Ta Bayyana Wani Bangare Daban Na Tauraruwar" 15 ga Mayu, 2013 * Abin ya yi dadi kwarai. Ban yi tsammanin hakan zai faru ba sam. A gaskiya, ban san abin da zan sa ran gani ba—kuma irin wannan yanayin shi ne mafi wuya—amma na yi matukar mamaki kuma na ji dadin cewa mutane sun fahimci cewa hakika ina da baiwar waka, kuma sun yaba da wakokina. * Ni da Vincent ma'aurata ne masu gaskiya sosai, kuma muna gaskiya da juna. Dangantakarmu ta dan bambanta da ta sauran ma'aurata saboda muna aiki tare, kuma muna tattaunawa a kan komai. Don haka, babu wani sirri ko abin mamaki da zai iya fitowa ba zato ba tsammani a gidan talabijin na kasa; muna tafiya ne bisa gaskiya, kuma hakan shi ne sirrin dorewar zamantakewarmu. * To, kasancewa da juna biyu yana da bangarori biyu. Akwai bangare mai kyau da ban sha'awa, wato ni'ima mai girma. Amma bangare na biyu kuma... abin yana da matukar wuya da ban haushi! * Burina kawai shi ne in ci gaba da kasancewa cikin farin ciki, kuma wannan tafiyar ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai dadi. Ina so ne kawai in ci gaba da kaunar abin da nake yi a kowace rana, shi ke nan. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Tamar_Braxton|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamar_Braxton]] fu0aro7t4bhzzdlla3l6enqrfjj3rmz 0 3830769 7386267 2026-11-09T16:35:07Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386267 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asya Danielle Branch''' (wacce aka haifa a ranar 5 ga watan Mayu, 1998) 'yar kasar Amurka ce wacce ta lashe gasar kyau, inda aka nada ta a matsayin Miss USA 2020. Ta wakilci kasarta a gasar Miss Universe 2020, inda ta kasance cikin mutane 21 na karshe. == Zantuka == * An haife ni a Detroit, Michigan, sannan muka koma Mississippi a watan Yulin 2003. Na fara makarantar yara (kindergarten) a watan Agustan 2003 a Mississippi. Don haka, a gare ni, wannan shi ne gida, duk da cewa iyayena duka daga Michigan suke. Ina ganin sauyin ya fi sauki a gare ni saboda ina karama sosai, amma 'yan'uwana da suka girme ni sun saba da rayuwa a Detroit. * Ina tsammanin hakan ya fi musu wuya, amma babban abin da na fi so game da girma a yankin Kudancin Amurka (the South) shi ne karimcin mutanen yankin. Za ka iya haduwa da mutanen da ba ka taba sani ba, amma ka mu'amala da su kamar ka san su tsawon rayuwarka. Wannan halayya ce da na koya kuma ta zauna a tare da ni. * Samun kambun Miss Mississippi USA a matsayin mace ta farko bakar fata, babban abin alfahari ne. Duk da cewa hakan ya faru ne a shekarar 2019, ina ganin cewa muna samun ci gaba a tafarkin da ya dace. Wannan dama ce a gare ni don zama abin koyi ga kananan 'yan mata masu burin cimma wani abu, wadanda ba su taba ganin wani mai kama da su ya cimma irin wannan burin ba. Babban abin alfahari ne da gata, amma ina fatan ganin ranar da za a samu bambance-bambancen al'adu da launin fata a kowane fanni, har ta kai ga cewa hakan ba zai zama wani babban abin mamaki ba. * Ina ganin cewa rashin ilimi da fahimta ne kawai ke haifar da hakan. Mutane ba su fahimci cewa a baya, an hana mata bakar fata (African American) shiga irin wadannan gasa ba. Don haka, mun yi dogon tafiya kafin mu kai matakin da muke da daidaito da kuma wakilci a yau. Zan iya bayyana musu abubuwan da watakila ba su sani ba, yayin da nake ci gaba da alfahari da wacce ni ce da kuma abin da nake wakilta. * Hakika, haka ne. Ina ganin mutane ba su fahimci zurfin ma'anar gasar kyau ba. Na ji mutane da yawa suna cewa, "Ban taba fahimtar yawan aikin da ake bukata wajen shirya wannan gasa ba." Kuma batun ya wuce kawai batun kyawun surar jiki. Ina nufin cewa, yana taimaka wa mutum ya fadada fahimtarsa ​​game da duniya tare da bunkasa kansa; yana ba da muhimman dabarun rayuwa wadanda za su amfani mutum a duk wata sana'a ko tafarkin rayuwa da ya zaba. * Tun ina karama nake da sha'awar kayan kwalliya, amma na fahimci cewa tushen (wato fatar jiki) shi ma dole ya kasance mai kyau. Hakan ya sa na mayar da hankali sosai wajen kula da fatata, domin na yi imani cewa yana da kyau mu rungumi kyawunmu na asali. Kayan kwalliya suna da kyau domin suna taimakawa wajen kara fitar da wannan kyau. Ina ganin ya kamata mu gamsu da yadda muke a zahiri, amma akwai kayayyakin kwalliya da ke sa mutane su kara jin gamsuwa da kansu tare da jin cewa sun fi kyau. Kuma ina ganin ya kamata mu rungumi hakan ma. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Asya_Branch|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asya_Branch]] 4te3v7fxg8fx1o75rm170xt33mg09lt 0 3830770 7386268 2026-11-09T16:37:41Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386268 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frentorish "Tori" Bowie''' (27 ga Agusta, 1990 – 23 ga Afrilu, 2023) 'yar wasan tsere ta Amurka ce, wacce ta fi shiga gasar tsalle mai nisa (long jump), da tseren mita 100, da kuma mita 200. Ta lashe lambar azurfa a tseren mita 100 da lambar tagulla a tseren mita 200 a gasar Olympics ta Rio a shekarar 2016; ta kuma samu lambar tagulla da ta zinare a tseren mita 100 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarun 2015 da 2017. Bugu da kari, ta lashe lambobin zinare a matsayinta na daya daga cikin tawagar mata ta Amurka a tseren gudun ba da sanda na mita 4 × 100 a gasar Olympics ta 2016 da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2017. == Zantuka == * Ba na taba daina kokari har sai na ketare layin karshe. * Ta Lou ta tashi da sauri—amma kullum haka take yi. Hakan bai dame ni ba, na ci gaba da motsa kafafuna da hannuwana da karfi har zuwa karshen tseren. * Ban sani ba ko kadan. Abin da na sani kawai shi ne ina son bayar da dukkan kokarina. Shin da gaske ni ce zakarar duniya? * Burina kawai shi ne in isa layin karshe kafin kowa, kuma hakan ne ya faru a yau. Ina matukar godiya ga duk lambobin yabo da na samu, amma nasarar da na samu a daren yau ta sa na ji cewa dukkan wahalar da na sha ta haifar da sakamako mai kyau. Kun ga dai har yanzu ban cika tunani sosai a kan lamarin ba. Ina matukar godiya kawai. * Ina fatan wata rana zan iya zuwa Sand Hill in ga wani babban allon talla da aka rubuta a kai: 'Barka da zuwa Sand Hill, gidan Tori Bowie.' * Burina kawai shi ne in isa layin karshe; na san ina cikin masu fafatawa, kuma na san ina cikin mutum uku na farko. Amma ban tabbata ko na yi nasara ba. * Na ce, 'Ya Allah! Ba zan iya yarda da abin da ya faru ba. Wannan shi ne daren da ya fi kowane dare muhimmanci a rayuwata.' * Ban san daga ina karfin da nake amfani da shi a karshen tseren yake fitowa ba. Ina tsammanin, kawai ina da tsananin sha'awar nasara ne—lokaci ne na ƙuduri da himma, wanda ya samo asali daga yanayin ɗabi'ar mutum ta asali, da kuma tsananin burin samun nasarar. * Wataƙila ni kaɗai ce mutum a duniya da na yi imani zan iya zuwa nan in lashe tseren mita 100 a daren yau; na koyi abubuwa da yawa daga abin da ya faru a daren yau. Na koyi cewa ya kamata mutum ya bi abin da zuciyarsa ke so a kowane lokaci. * Tori Bowie ta bi abin da zuciyarta ta nuna mata har ta lashe tseren mita 100— == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Tori_Bowie|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tori_Bowie]] m1tp2bhii8uz19bhhlsbqnadbdv1js5 0 3830771 7386269 2026-11-09T16:40:23Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angela Renée White''' (wacce aka haifa a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 1988), wacce aka fi sani da Blac Chyna, 'yar kasar Amurka ce mai aikin nuna kaya (model), fitacciyar fuska a talabijin, mawakiyar rap, kuma shahararriyar mutum a zamantakewar jama'a. Ta fara samun shahara ne a shekarar 2010 a matsayin wacce ta maye gurbin Nicki Minaj (stunt double) a bidiyon wakar "Monster" ta Kanye West. == Zantuka == * Ina kokarin samun abubuwan da za su sa in fi zama a gida kuma su ba ni cikakken kwanciyar hankali, kamar amfani da sabis na isar da kaya na Postmates. * Ina son kifin salmon. Ina matukar son kafafun kaguwa (crab legs). Ina son taliyar 'top ramen'. Ina son Coca Cola. Ina son ruwan sha na Fiji. * Kai, Allah na! Fuskata ba za ta taba komawa yadda take a da ba. * Blac Chyna kan muhimmancin kula da farce da hannaye (manicure), * A ganina, komai na iya wucewa -- lokaci yana warkar da komai; mutane suna canzawa, yanayi ma yana canzawa, har sai ka fahimci ainihin yadda lamarin yake—kuma a wannan yanayin, lamarin shi ne Dream. * Yaran nawa suna da kaifin basira sosai, suna da hankali, kuma su mutane ne masu matukar alheri—kamar kananan mutane—don haka za su kasance mutanen kirki. Ba na taba damuwa idan sun je gidan dayan iyayensu, ko in ce, 'Me suke yi a can?' Amma sai in ce, 'A'a, yarana mutanen kirki ne. Suna da kaifin basira.' * Yana da muhimmanci a gare ni saboda ina jin cewa zan iya haskaka wani lamari da ke faruwa a zahiri a kusa da mu, wanda watakila ba mu lura da shi ba. * A lokacin da nake girma, ban taso cikin wadata ko jin dadi ba; akwai yara da yawa da ba su da damar samun ko da abincin da za su ci. Don haka, ina ganin yana da matukar muhimmanci a wayar da kan al'ummarmu, domin abubuwa da yawa suna faruwa a kusa da mu ba tare da mun sani ba. Idan zan iya zama hanyar da za ta haskaka wannan lamari, to ku yi amfani da ni. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Blac_Chyna|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blac_Chyna]] bvuc4l7l36zwvji1y0ctop76p6md1nw 0 3830772 7386271 2026-11-09T16:44:11Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cristina Beltrán''' farfesa ce kuma darakta a fannin karatun digiri na biyu a Sashen Nazarin Zamantakewa da Al'adu a Jami'ar New York. == Zantuka == * A matsayina na wanda ke nazarin launin fata da na dama, na gano cewa 'yan Democrat da masu ci gaba, suna tsammanin canjin al'umma da karuwar bambancin ra'ayi zai karkatar da ƙasar zuwa hagu, sun kasa ɗaukar muhimmancin yadda wannan canjin ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba... Al'ummomin launin fata a lokaci guda suna fuskantar, masu shiga da kuma masu aikata tashin hankalin da ake yi a cikin da wajen iyakokin ƙasarmu... Al'ummomin launin fata suna da tarihi mai zurfi game da tashin hankali, tun daga kisan gillar 'yan asalin Amurka da bautar da aka yi wa 'yan asalin ƙasar zuwa tashin hankalin da ake yi wa Asiya, kisan gillar 'yan sanda da mutuwar 'yan ci-rani a kan iyaka. Amma al'ummomin launin fata ba su da bambanci, kuma martaninsu da alaƙarsu da wannan tashin hankalin suna nuna wannan bambancin. === "Jihar Tsaron Amurka Mai Ƙaruwa Tana Canza Al'ummomi" (labarin 2023) === * "Don fahimtar goyon bayan Trump, dole ne mu yi tunani game da labarin Farin Jinsi na Kabilanci da Yawa" (2021) * Me za mu yi game da [Enrique] Tarrio - da kuma, mafi faɗi, na masu zaɓen Latino waɗanda Trump ya yi wahayi zuwa gare su? Kuma me za mu ce game da tashin hankalin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba na fararen fata, wanda ya haɗa da waɗanda ba fararen fata ba? Ina kiran wannan lamari launin fata mai launin fata mai launin fata mai launin fata - alƙawarin cewa su ma za su iya yin iƙirarin siyasa ta zalunci, wariya da mamayewa. * Kafin Trump, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya waɗanda ke neman jawo hankalin Latinos galibi sun rungumi siyasar al'adu masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. 'Yan siyasa kamar George W. Bush sun isa ga masu zaɓen Latino ta hanyar nuna sanin yarensu da tarihinsu, suna jaddada dabi'un bambancin ra'ayi da haɗa kai. Suna kwatanta Latinos a matsayin wani ɓangare na musamman da mahimmanci na tsarin dimokuraɗiyya na Amurka, al'adu masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun haɗa al'adun Latino da dabi'un Republican, suna mai da hankali kan hanyoyin ra'ayin mazan jiya game da imani, kishin ƙasa da kuma dangin gargajiya. Trump, akasin haka, bai san komai game da tarihin Latinos a Amurka ba kuma ba kasafai yake yin kamar yana neman daraja a cikin asalin Latinos ba. Maimakon ya ba wa masu zaɓen da ba fararen fata ba yabo, Trump ya ba su launin fata mai launin fata mai launin fata mai launin fata. * Farin launin fata na launin fata daban-daban yana nuna fahimtar fari a matsayin launin siyasa ba wai kawai launin fata ba - wani ra'ayi na wariya na duniya wanda ake haifar da jin 'yanci da mallakar wani abu ta hanyar tsana == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == lflfn9bcys7iofe8yicfs7em3ys0fxh 0 3830773 7386273 2026-11-09T16:47:12Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bianca Nicole Crawford''' (wadda aka haifa da sunan Blair; an haife ta a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1989) 'yar kasar Amurka ce, ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan kokawa (wrestler) kuma mai fafatawa a gasar nuna siffar jiki da lafiyar jiki. Tun daga watan Afrilun 2016, tana da kwangila da kamfanin WWE, inda take fafatawa a bangaren SmackDown da sunan wasa na Bianca Belair. == Zantuka == * Ina matukar farin ciki game da gasar Royal Rumble ta wannan shekarar. A shekarar da ta gabata, na yi kishin 'yan mata da dama da suka samu damar shiga gasar a boye, domin tana daya daga cikin wasannin da na fi so. A koyaushe ina kallon Royal Rumble a matsayin dama ta tabbatar da samun gurbi a gasar WrestleMania, ta yadda mutum zai iya mayar da hankali wajen shirya wa hakan. Ina matukar son fara WrestleMania da nasara, ta yadda zan zama mace ta farko a tarihi da ta lashe gasar Royal Rumble sau biyu a jere. * Hakika, wannan shekarar ta sha bamban sosai. Ganin cewa mata hudu kacal ne suka bayyana shiga gasar, kuma akwai guraben da yawa da za a cike, hakan zai zama abin mamaki. Yana da ban sha'awa ga magoya baya da kuma a gare mu, domin akwai damammaki marasa iyaka. Amma yana da matukar wuya a shirya wa wani abu idan ba ka san wanda za ku fafata ba. * Ina matukar farin ciki game da hakan. Mun dauke shi a matsayin wata dama ta musamman don nuna wa duniya irin ta WWE ko su waye mu a cikin filin kokawa, har ma da wajen filin—don bayyana abubuwan da ke faruwa a bayan fage da kuma yadda muke tafiyar da jadawalin ayyuka masu yawa da cunkoso a kan hanyar zuwa WrestleMania. Kuma muna nuna yadda muke tafiyar da wannan tsari a matsayin mata da miji. Mun kuma dauke shi a matsayin dama ta jawo hankalin mutane da yawa zuwa ga WWE. Ga wadanda ba su da masaniya sosai game da WWE ko kuma ba sa kallon wasannin, muna so mu nuna musu cewa WWE na kowa ne; cewa wasan kokawa yana da ban sha'awa, aure yana da kyau, kuma soyayya ma tana da kyau. Hanya ce mai kyau ta gabatar da rayuwarmu ga jama'a. * Shirin "Total Divas" shi ne ya sa na fara sha'awar wasan kokawa na mata. A lokacin da muke girma, dan'uwana ya kasance yana kallon wasan kokawa akai-akai. Na tuna lokacin da nake kallon "Total Divas", mahaifiyata ta kira ni tana cewa, "Ke, kin ga abin da wadannan mata 'yan kokawa suke yi?" Abin farin ciki ne kwarai cewa yanzu ni da mijina za mu iya yin abin da su ma suka yi. * Kowa ya yi tunanin cewa hakan ce ke faruwa. Zan iya cewa muna yawan tattauna wannan batu a cikin shirin. Dukansu muna son hakan. Ina ganin wasu mata a WWE wadanda suke zama abin koyi, kamar Becky [Lynch], wacce uwa ce, mata ga mijinta, kuma tauraruwa a WWE. Ba sai ta zabi daya a kan daya ba. Wannan yana ba ni kwarin gwiwar daukar matakin da ya dace. Amma kasancewar mace mai aikin yi, hakan na taka rawa sosai wajen duk wani mataki da za ki dauka. Shin za ki sadaukar da samun yaro saboda aikinki, ko kuma ki sadaukar da aikinki domin samun yaro? Babban mataki ne mai matukar muhimmanci. * Mark ya ga bidiyon da nake yin atisayen 'CrossFit' sanye da kaya na musamman, ina rike da makirufo ina magana da masu kallo. Ya tuntube ni; shi ne mutum na farko da ya hango wannan damar [ta kokawa] a tare da ni, inda ya ce: 'Kin taba tunanin zama tauraruwa a WWE? Kin mallaki surar da ta dace, kwarewar motsa jiki, da kuma halayen da ake bukata; a zahiri ma, kin riga kin sanya kayan kokawa ba tare da kin sani ba.' * Bangaren motsa jiki bai yi min wahala sosai ba saboda na taba shiga harkar wasannin motsa jiki (gymnastics), gudu, da kuma daga nauyi (powerlifting), amma a farko, wasan kokawa ya dan ba ni tsoro. Kullum ina kokarin tabbatar wa kowa cewa na cancanci kasancewa a wurin, domin tun daga farko na ji kamar ina kokarin cimma matsayin da wasu suka riga suka kai. * Akwai wakilci mai yawa na mutanen da suka fito daga asalin mutanen da ba fararen fata ba (Black representation), kuma ina ganin hakan yana nuna matsayin mutane a duniya, da kuma damar da suke da ita. * Ina jin dadin sa'ar kasancewa a WWE, inda ake karfafa min gwiwa in fito fili in kasance ni kaina, ba tare da jin tsoron nuna ainihin halayena ba. Kasancewa ta ainihi, da kuma karfafa wa wasu su ma su kasance kansu, abu ne mai ban sha'awa kwarai. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Bianca_Belair|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bianca_Belair]] omnod9qouf1ld27sfj793r26c3720hw 0 3830774 7386274 2026-11-09T16:49:51Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Catharine Esther Beecher''' (6 ga Satumba, 1800 – 12 ga Mayu, 1878) malamar ilimi ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce aka sani saboda bayyana ra'ayoyinta a fili game da ilimin mata, da kuma goyon bayanta mai ƙarfi ga amfanin haɗa tsarin makarantar yara ƙanana (kindergarten) cikin tsarin ilimin yara. A shekarar 1869, ta wallafa littafin bayar da shawara mai suna *The American Woman's Home* tare da 'yar'uwarta, Harriet Beecher Stowe. Wasu majiyoyi suna rubuta sunanta na farko a matsayin "Catherine". == Zantuka == * Bari in fara gabatar da wasu bayanai game da yanayin yara ƙanana da dama a wannan ƙasa, waɗanda ake buƙatar tausayawarku a gare su a yanzu. Kaɗan ne kawai suka san irin mummunan yanayin da ƙasarmu ke ciki dangane da ilimantar da tsararraki masu tasowa, ko kuma jerin zalunci da wahalhalun da yara ƙanana da yawa ke fuskanta sakamakon wannan sakaci. * Yara 'yan Amurka miliyan biyu ba su da malamai ko kaɗan; yayin da daga cikin waɗanda ke zuwa makaranta, yawancin yara ƙanana da marasa ƙarfi ana barin su a hannun maza masu tsauri, rashin tausayi, da kuma kasala ko rashin hankalin da ya hana su gudanar da ayyukan da suka dace da su. * Duk da cewa kowane mutum mai hankali a ƙasar yana karantawa da faɗin cewa idan ba a horar da yaranmu su zama masu hankali da ɗabi'a mai kyau ba, to ƙasar za ta lalace; amma duk da haka, babu wani abu da aka nuna rashin kulawa sosai a kansa, ko aka yi ƙoƙari kaɗan a kai, kamar wannan. * Yaranmu miliyan biyu, waɗanda ke girma cikin duhun jahilci, waɗanda jahilci ya ɗaure su, kuma a lokuta da yawa—duk da cewa doka ta tanadi wasu abubuwa a gare su—suna fuskantar wahalhalun jiki da na zuciya da suka fi na masu laifi tsanani; ina ƙungiyoyin agaji da za su taimake su? Ina jaridu ko mujallu da masu taimako ke tallafawa don bayyana irin zaluncin da ake yi musu? Ina mutumin da aka tallafa masa ta hanyar agajin Kiristanci don ya yi aiki a madadin su? Maimakon kashe lokaci da kuɗi da kuma ɗaukar wakilai don ceto yaran ƙasarmu daga jahilci da zunubi, dukkan ƙoƙarin agaji na duniyar Kiristanci ya karkata ne kawai wajen magance matsalolin da suka samo asali daga wannan sakaci. Ana barin yara su fada gaba daya cikin tasirin jahilci da rashin kulawa har sai tarbiyyarsu da karfin halinsu sun lalace; sannan kuma a nemi magani ta hanyar gabatar da laccoci kan kame kai, rarraba Littafi Mai Tsarki da takardun addini, da kuma ayyukan wa'azi a gidaje. Idan da ace dukkan kokarin da kudaden da aka kashe kan wadannan abubuwa a yankin Yamma, a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, an yi amfani da su ne wajen samar wa tsarar yanzu horo mai kyau na tarbiyya da ilimi na tsawon sa'o'i shida a kowace rana—karkashin kulawar malamai kwararru—wa zai iya musanta cewa sakamakon da aka samu da ya fi wanda muke gani yanzu kyau? * 'Ya'yan mata na masu hannu da shuni suna samun damar bunkasa hankalinsu da fahimtarsu, yayin da dukkan ayyukan gida—wadanda za su iya taimakawa wajen karfafa jikinsu da kuma kare su daga rashin lafiya—ana barin su ga ma'aikatan gida da aka dauka da albashi, ko kuma a dora su a kan uwa da ke aiki tamkar baiwa. Kadai hanyar magance wannan matsala ita ce samar da ingantaccen ilimi ga kowane bangare na al'umma, da kuma sanya aiki mai amfani ya zama abin girmamawa, ta hanyar ganin cewa mutane daga dukkan matakai sun shiga ciki. * Ana sanya mata matalauta yin ayyuka iri-iri, amma ana biyan su kudin da bai isa ya ciyar da su ba; sannan kayayyakin da suka kera ana sayar da su a farashin da ke kawo riba mai yawa ga masu jari, wadanda ke arziki ta hanyar gumi da wahalar mata. * Kusan babu abin da mutum ba zai iya yarda da shi ba, muddin yana da sha'awar yarda da shi. * Ilimantar da yara—wannan shi ne ainihin aiki mai daraja na mata; aiki ne da ya dace da mutane mafi girman tunani da dabi'u. * Wani dalili kuma da ke shafar moriyar mata sosai, shi ne raini, ko kuma rashin kulawa da nuna halin ko-in-kula, wanda ya shafi wannan aiki mai daraja da mata kadai ke da damar yi. Babu wani aiki—ko da kuwa yana da muni ko rashin dacewa—wanda al'ada da yanayin zamani ba za su iya sanya shi ya zama abin sha'awa, mai kayatarwa, kuma abin da mutane ke fafutukar shiga ba. Misali bayyananne na wannan shi ne aikin soja. Aiki ne da ya kunshi kashe 'yan'uwanmu 'yan adam, kuma yana tattare da dabi'u marasa kyau, na dabbanci, wadanda suka saba wa koyarwar Kirista, kuma abin kyama; duk da haka, an lullube shi da wani irin daukaka da daraja, har ta kai ga matasa masu karimci da kishi sun shiga ciki da dukkan zuciyarsu! Da ace rabin waƙoƙi, almara, baƙaƙe, da ɗanɗano da aka yi amfani da su ba bisa ƙa'ida ba an yi amfani da su don ƙawata da kuma ɗaga aikin horar da tunanin yara, a wane matsayi ya kamata mu sami wannan sana'a mafi daraja! * Wannan ita ce babban halin matan ƙasarmu, da kuma babban iko da tasirin da suke bayarwa, wanda shine babban ƙarfafa ni wajen yin aiki a wannan fanni. * Ɗaya daga cikin gidaje marasa kyau, ko mayaudara, ko kuma masu lalata na iya, a cikin wata guda, su lalata horon shekaru masu wahala. * Ya kamata a yi baƙin ciki cewa ƙa'idar kishin ƙasa ba ta da isasshen abinci a ƙasarmu, kuma, maimakon haka, ta ba da wuri ga ɓangarorin siyasa ko na jiha. Kudu da Arewa, Gabas da Yamma, maimakon haɗa kai don girmama muradun gama gari da kuma == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Catharine_Beecher|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharine_Beecher]] p8ewqojo7kczs96dbjfmg66zilxrmlt 0 3830775 7386277 2026-11-09T16:52:27Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386277 wikitext text/x-wiki Caroline Takamine Beach (1866-08-05 – 1954-11-25) ta kasance fitacciyar mace a zamantakewar jama'a a Amurka, kuma mai bayar da gudummawar taimakon al'umma. Kasancewarta ɗaya daga cikin matan Amurka na farko da suka auri ɗan ƙasar Japan—inda ta auri masanin kimiyyar sinadarai Takamine Jōkichi a shekarar 1887—rayuwarta ta sirri ta zama abin sha'awar jama'a. Daga baya a rayuwarta, ta tsara, ta gina, kuma ta bayar da kyautar wani ƙaramin coci (chapel) a Vail, Arizona, ga Diocese na Katolika na Tucson, domin tunawa da mijinta. == Zantuka == * "Miji ɗan ƙasar Japan yana da kulawa, aminci, da haƙuri. Wannan shi ne falsafarsa, kuma addininsa. Mutum ne mai son zama a gida, kuma a dabi'ance yana kula da ƙananan abubuwan da suka shafi gidansa da iyalinsa. Duk mace tana son irin waɗannan ƙananan kulawa." * "Babban kuskuren da ake yi wajen auna matan Japan shi ne ɗaukar su a matsayin 'yan tsana kawai da aka yi wa ado. Ina ganin an riga an amince kuma an tabbatar da cewa maza 'yan Japan suna da kaifin basira a fannin kasuwanci da yaƙi; suna da zurfin tunani kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin mutane masu ilimi da ladabi. Sanannen abu ne cewa, don mutum ya zama nagari, mai girma, ko mai basira, dole ne ya kasance yana da uwa mai irin waɗannan halaye. Duk manyan mutane sun samu uwaye na gari, don haka babu abin da za a ce game da basirar matan Japan sai yabo." * "Maza 'Yan Japan Su Ne Mafi Kyau a Duniya" Birmingham Post-Herald (1909-04-25): 7. ta hanyar Newspapers.com == Zantuka game da Caroline Takamine Beach == * "Akwai wani yanayi na musamman da ke tattare da ita, wanda kowa ya amince da shi kuma ya girmama shi, ba tare da wata tambaya ba. Kasancewarta a wuri yana sa kowa ya tashi tsaye—maza da mata—ko da ba su san ko ita wace ce ba; ba a Japan kaɗai ba, har ma a duk inda ta je. Hikimarta da ladabinta sun zama abin misali da aka yi ta labartawa. Tarbar da Takamine-san za ta yi maka—ko da nawa ne shekarunka—ta kasance kamar karɓuwa ta hukuma a matsayin babban baƙo. Ita ce misali mafi daukaka, ita ce Sarauniya." * * Agnes de Mille tana da alaƙa da Beach ta hanyar aure, kuma ta san ta tun daga... == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Caroline_Takamine_Beach|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Takamine_Beach]] 0nnrirfvx4w6ybpu9o3gigmjh8kzu3i 0 3830776 7386279 2026-11-09T16:55:07Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386279 wikitext text/x-wiki Simone Sherise Battle (17 ga Yuni, 1989 – 5 ga Satumba, 2014) mawakiyar Amurka ce, mai rawa, kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. == Zantuka == * A koyaushe ina da ra'ayi guda ɗaya game da tafiyata a fannin waka, kuma shirin "The X-Factor" bai canza ko tsara wannan ra'ayin ba. Na dade ina kokarin cimma burina tun ina karama, kuma "The X-Factor" ya kasance daya daga cikin matakan da suka kai ni ga nasara. Hakika kwarewa ce mai cike da nishadi, amma har yanzu ina ci gaba da aiki tukuru. * Wasan kwaikwayo ma wani abu ne da nake matukar so. Ina halartar gwaje-gwajen neman aiki (auditions) kuma ina samun damar yin aiki. Na halarci gwajin neman rawa a fim din "We The Party" shekaru da dama da suka gabata. Wannan shi ne fim na farko da na taba aiki a ciki; a baya na taba fitowa a shirye-shiryen talabijin. Na yi matukar farin ciki da wannan damar saboda shi ne karo na farko da na fito a matsayin 'yar wasan fim. Haka kuma na ji dadin cewa na sami damar nuna kwarewata wajen rawa da waka. * Na kamu da son yanayin aikin gaba daya. Zan so in zama sabuwar mai gabatarwa tare da wasu a shirin "106 & Park!" Ni mutum ce da ba na son abubuwa su zama na yau da kullum (mai maimaita kansa). Ina ganin cewa aikin gabatar da shiri irin su "106 & Park" ba zai zama abu daya da ake maimaitawa a kowace rana ba. Akwai sabbin mawaka da ayyuka daban-daban masu yawa. Wannan ya dace da halayena sosai. * Abin da muke tsaye a kai shi ne karfafa juna. Mu mutane biyar ne daban-daban, kuma kowannenmu na da nasa yanayin na musamman. * Kalaman karshe na Simone Battle a wata hira da ba a taba wallafawa ba kafin rasuwarta: 'Abin da muke tsaye a kai shi ne karfafa juna'; Daga Lucy Buckland === Abin da aka fada game da ita === * Abin ya girgiza mutane. Simone tana cike da kuzari da son rayuwa. Tana kan cimma dukkan burinta da manufofinta. * Tana da hazaka sosai, tauraruwa ce ta gaske a kowace ma'ana. Ban taba ganin mutum mai irin wannan kwarin gwiwa da jajircewa ba. Za ka iya hango cewa za ta zama tauraruwa, kuma tana da halaye masu kyau da ladabi. Yana da wuya a yarda cewa ta tafi. Za a yi kewarta matuka. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Simone_Battle|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Battle]] advqc97py8dp04nc59dkctc2s47s9fk 0 3830777 7386282 2026-11-09T16:58:25Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386282 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amy Coney Barret'''t (an haife ta a shekarar 1972, Amy Vivian Coney) lauya ce 'yar Amurka, lauya, kuma tsohuwar jami'a wacce ke aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar alkalin Kotun Koli ta Amurka. Ta kasance Alkaliyar Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Amurka a Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Bakwai, kuma tana cikin jerin sunayen 'yan takarar da Donald Trump ya zaba a Kotun Koli. == Zantuka == * Yana ba da damar (hakika yana buƙatar) soke alkalai waɗanda hukuncinsu ya hana su yin aikinsu. Wannan mafita ce mai kyau. * Alkalan Katolika a Babban Shari'o'i, waɗanda aka rubuta tare a 1998 tare da John H. Garvey, waɗanda aka rubuta a matsayin "Amy V. Coney" * Ba na nan a kan manufar rusa (Dokar Kulawa Mai Sauƙi). Ina nan ne kawai don amfani da doka da kuma bin doka... Babu alamu, babu samfoti, babu hasashe (ana ambaton Ruth Bader Ginsburg)... Ina amfani da doka, ina bin doka. Kuna yin manufar... Ba zan nuna bambanci bisa ga fifikon jima'i ba. * Roe da Casey sun jaddada nauyin iyaye, kuma gwargwadon yadda kai da sauran abokanka suka mai da hankali kan hanyoyin da tilastawa iyaye su yi wa mata shiga wurin aiki da kuma samun damammaki daidai, hakan ya kuma mayar da hankali kan sakamakon iyaye da kuma wajibai na uwa da ke fitowa daga ciki. Me yasa dokokin mafaka ba sa magance wannan ma === Zantuka game da Coney Barrett === * Amma ƙaddara - da McConnell - suna da ƙarin kati ɗaya da za su yi. A watan Satumba na 2020, yayin da Trump ke ƙoƙarin sake shan kaye a zaɓe, Mai Shari'a Ginsburg ta sha kaye a dogon yaƙin da ta yi da cutar kansa. Bayan ta ƙi amincewa da kiraye-kirayen yin ritaya lokacin da Obama zai zaɓi wanda zai maye gurbinsa, Ginsburg mai rashin lafiya ta yi fafutukar ci gaba da rayuwa har shugaban Democrat ya zaɓi wanda zai gaje ta. Ta mutu cikin kwanaki arba'in da shida na zaɓen. * A wannan karon, McConnell ta yi alƙawarin komawa ga tabbatarwa da rashin kunya. Trump ya zaɓi Alkali Amy Coney Barrett, wacce ta daɗe tana so a cikin ƙungiyar lauyoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Bayan matsayinta na mace ta farko 'yar jam'iyyar Republican da aka zaba a Kotun, ta bambanta da 'yan takarar maza na Jam'iyyar Republican na baya-bayan nan ta hanyoyi da dama masu muhimmanci. Ta yi watsi da Ivy League, ta halarci ƙaramin Kwalejin Rhodes da Makarantar Shari'a ta Notre Dame kafin ta yi aiki a Scalia. Amma ita, kamar mazan da aka zaɓa a baya, ta girma a cikin dangin Katolika masu ibada kuma ta zama alkali tun tana ƙarama. Ta kuma kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Tarayya. * 'Yan Democrat sun kauracewa kuri'ar Kwamitin Shari'a kan nadinta don nuna rashin amincewa da gaggawar McConnell na tabbatar da ita kafin zaɓen. Sun ga ayyukansa ba su dace ba musamman saboda ƙin amincewa da zaman sauraren ƙara kan nadin Garland a cikin watanni takwas kafin zaɓen da ya gabata. Amma 'yan Republican sun sami ƙuri'u kaɗan. Barrett ya tabbatar da 52-48, inda dukkan 'yan Democrat suka kaɗa ƙuri'ar rashin amincewa da McConnell. Kwanaki takwas bayan haka, Trump ya sha kaye a zaɓen kuma 'yan Republican sun sha kaye a Majalisar Dattawa. Amma Kotun Koli ta shirya yanzu don tsara dokar ta hanyar da Ed Meese da mukarrabansa suka yi tunanin shekaru talatin da suka gabata. == Hanyoyon hadi na waje == [[:en:Amy_Coney_Barrett|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett]] hmdsj2fr2zu8hs7d4uzd01uqfruc24y 0 3830778 7386288 2026-11-09T17:00:55Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386288 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christiana Carteaux Bannister ('''née Babcock; 1819 - 1902), wacce aka fi sani da Madame Carteaux, 'yar kasuwa ce ta Amurka, mai gyaran gashi, mai kawar da kai da kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Ta kasance 'yar asalin Afirka ta Amurka da kuma Narragansett, ta gudanar da shagunan gyaran gashi masu nasara a Boston da Providence, ta tallafa wa layin dogo na karkashin kasa, ta tara kudade ga sojojin yakin basasar bakar fata, kuma ta kafa Gida ga Tsofaffin Mata Masu Launi a Providence. == Zantuka == * Ta fi son roƙo daga gida zuwa gida fiye da mijinta ya je yaƙi. * Tana da Gyaran Gashi, wanda ba za a iya yin fice ba, domin yana maye gurbin sabbin gashi inda aka yi aski. * Talla a matsayin Madame Carteaux === Game da Christiana Carteaux Bannister === * Da na yi mummunan zato ba tare da ita ba, kuma manyan nasarorin da na samu sun zo ta hanyarta, ko dai ta hanyar sukar hotunana, ko kuma shawarar da za ta ba ni game da sanya su a bainar jama'a. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == ddluylext6ghm0wwpfw9ye722wh0nz1 0 3830779 7386292 2026-11-09T17:10:50Z Sree1959 2594881 பக்கம் துவக்கப்பட்டு விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கபட்டு வருகின்றன 7386292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Notice|'''குறிப்பு''': இது புவியியல் பகுதிகள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகளை உருவாக்கும்போது பின்பற்ற வேண்டிய கட்டமைப்பை விளக்கும் ஒரு தகவல் சார்ந்த [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருக்கள்|கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புரு]] ஆகும். '''இந்த வார்ப்புருவைத் திருத்துவதன் மூலம் புதிய கட்டுரை உருவாகாது.''' புதிய கட்டுரைகளை எவ்வாறு உருவாக்குவது என்பது குறித்த தகவல்களுக்கு, [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:ஒரு புதிய பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு தொடங்குவது|ஒரு புதிய பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு தொடங்குவது]] என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும்.}} t7b0zq91dqhzxpbptrvdjzz1tjlgzae 7386293 7386292 2026-11-09T17:20:26Z Sree1959 2594881 மேலும் விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Notice|'''குறிப்பு''': இது புவியியல் பகுதிகள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகளை உருவாக்கும்போது பின்பற்ற வேண்டிய கட்டமைப்பை விளக்கும் ஒரு தகவல் சார்ந்த [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருக்கள்|கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புரு]] ஆகும். '''இந்த வார்ப்புருவைத் திருத்துவதன் மூலம் புதிய கட்டுரை உருவாகாது.''' புதிய கட்டுரைகளை எவ்வாறு உருவாக்குவது என்பது குறித்த தகவல்களுக்கு, [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:ஒரு புதிய பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு தொடங்குவது|ஒரு புதிய பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு தொடங்குவது]] என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும்.}} [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:புவியியல் படிநிலை#பிராந்தியங்கள்|பிராந்தியங்கள்]] என்பவை, ஒரு நாட்டில் உள்ள பல நகரங்களை எளிதில் கண்டறியக்கூடிய மற்றும் புரிந்துகொள்ளக்கூடிய ஒரு படிநிலை அமைப்பில் வகைப்படுத்துவதற்காக, விக்கிப்பயணத்தில் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் ஒருவிதமான, தெளிவற்ற வரையறையைக் கொண்ட அமைப்புமுறை குழுக்களாகும். இவை [[Wy/ta/மினசோட்டா|மினசோட்டா]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/நியூ சவுத் வேல்சு|நியூ சவுத் வேல்சு]] போன்ற துணை-தேசிய அரசியல் பிரதேசங்களாக இருக்கலாம், அல்லது [[Wy/ta/பிரெஞ்சு ரிவியரா|பிரெஞ்சு ரிவியரா]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/அமெரிக்காவின் தென்மேற்குப் பகுதி|அமெரிக்காவின் தென்மேற்குப் பகுதி]] போன்ற, தெளிவற்ற வரையறைகளைக் கொண்ட "சுற்றுலா" மண்டலங்களாக இருக்கலாம். anu8o3rx2vtrk6cdp8s1fhppkydjlga 7386295 7386293 2026-11-09T17:26:58Z Sree1959 2594881 சிறு திருத்தம் 7386295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Notice|'''குறிப்பு''': இது புவியியல் பகுதிகள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகளை உருவாக்கும்போது பின்பற்ற வேண்டிய கட்டமைப்பை விளக்கும் ஒரு தகவல் சார்ந்த [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருக்கள்|கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புரு]] ஆகும். '''இந்த கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருவைத் திருத்துவதன் மூலம் புதிய கட்டுரை உருவாகாது.''' புதிய கட்டுரைகளை எவ்வாறு உருவாக்குவது என்பது குறித்த தகவல்களுக்கு, [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:ஒரு புதிய பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு தொடங்குவது|ஒரு புதிய பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு தொடங்குவது]] என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும்.}} [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:புவியியல் படிநிலை#பிராந்தியங்கள்|பிராந்தியங்கள்]] என்பவை, ஒரு நாட்டில் உள்ள பல நகரங்களை எளிதில் கண்டறியக்கூடிய மற்றும் புரிந்துகொள்ளக்கூடிய ஒரு படிநிலை அமைப்பில் வகைப்படுத்துவதற்காக, விக்கிப்பயணத்தில் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் ஒருவிதமான, தெளிவற்ற வரையறையைக் கொண்ட அமைப்புமுறை குழுக்களாகும். இவை [[Wy/ta/மினசோட்டா|மினசோட்டா]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/நியூ சவுத் வேல்சு|நியூ சவுத் வேல்சு]] போன்ற துணை-தேசிய அரசியல் பிரதேசங்களாக இருக்கலாம், அல்லது [[Wy/ta/பிரெஞ்சு ரிவியரா|பிரெஞ்சு ரிவியரா]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/அமெரிக்காவின் தென்மேற்குப் பகுதி|அமெரிக்காவின் தென்மேற்குப் பகுதி]] போன்ற, தெளிவற்ற வரையறைகளைக் கொண்ட "சுற்றுலா" மண்டலங்களாக இருக்கலாம். i0sx0fm4oi46h93hfzwn3ojo3pjbvw6 7386674 7386295 2026-11-10T08:05:00Z Sree1959 2594881 மேலும் விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Notice|'''குறிப்பு''': இது புவியியல் பகுதிகள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகளை உருவாக்கும்போது பின்பற்ற வேண்டிய கட்டமைப்பை விளக்கும் ஒரு தகவல் சார்ந்த [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருக்கள்|கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புரு]] ஆகும். '''இந்த கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருவைத் திருத்துவதன் மூலம் புதிய கட்டுரை உருவாகாது.''' புதிய கட்டுரைகளை எவ்வாறு உருவாக்குவது என்பது குறித்த தகவல்களுக்கு, [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:ஒரு புதிய பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு தொடங்குவது|ஒரு புதிய பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு தொடங்குவது]] என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும்.}} [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:புவியியல் படிநிலை#பிராந்தியங்கள்|பிராந்தியங்கள்]] என்பவை, ஒரு நாட்டில் உள்ள பல நகரங்களை எளிதில் கண்டறியக்கூடிய மற்றும் புரிந்துகொள்ளக்கூடிய ஒரு படிநிலை அமைப்பில் வகைப்படுத்துவதற்காக, விக்கிப்பயணத்தில் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் ஒருவிதமான, தெளிவற்ற வரையறையைக் கொண்ட அமைப்புமுறை குழுக்களாகும். இவை [[Wy/ta/மினசோட்டா|மினசோட்டா]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/நியூ சவுத் வேல்சு|நியூ சவுத் வேல்சு]] போன்ற துணை-தேசிய அரசியல் பிரதேசங்களாக இருக்கலாம், அல்லது [[Wy/ta/பிரெஞ்சு ரிவியரா|பிரெஞ்சு ரிவியரா]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/அமெரிக்காவின் தென்மேற்குப் பகுதி|அமெரிக்காவின் தென்மேற்குப் பகுதி]] போன்ற, தெளிவற்ற வரையறைகளைக் கொண்ட "சுற்றுலா" மண்டலங்களாக இருக்கலாம். ஒரு நாட்டின் கட்டுரையில் காணப்படும் சட்டப்பூர்வத் தகவல்களோ அல்லது ஒரு நகரக் கட்டுரையில் இடம்பெறும் முகவரிகள் மற்றும் தொலைபேசி எண்கள் போன்ற விவரங்களோ இங்கிருப்பதில்லை. மாறாக, பிராந்தியங்கள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகள், அந்தப் பகுதியின் மக்கள், பண்பாடு, காலநிலை மற்றும் உணவுமுறை போன்ற அம்சங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய, சற்று விரிவான மற்றும் பொதுவான கண்ணோட்டத்தைக் கொண்டவையாக அமைகின்றன. 24frgxyvhxt4der9d4ebm4wk0as274x 0 3830780 7386294 2026-11-09T17:25:46Z Sree1959 2594881 பக்கம் துவக்கப்பட்டு விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கபட்டு வருகின்றன 7386294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Notice|'''குறிப்பு''': இது புவியியல் பகுதிகள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகளை உருவாக்கும்போது பின்பற்ற வேண்டிய கட்டமைப்பை விளக்கும் ஒரு தகவல் சார்ந்த [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருக்கள்|கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புரு]] ஆகும். '''இந்த கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருவைத் திருத்துவதன் மூலம் புதிய கட்டுரை எதுவும் உருவாகாது. ''' புதிய கட்டுரைகளை எவ்வாறு உருவாக்குவது என்பது குறித்த தகவல்களுக்கு [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:ஒரு புதிய பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு தொடங்குவது]] என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும்.}} a1r4q3tg4qo59jn1dhpolp2el66dhlr 7386673 7386294 2026-11-10T08:04:49Z Sree1959 2594881 மேலும் விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Notice|'''குறிப்பு''': இது புவியியல் பகுதிகள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகளை உருவாக்கும்போது பின்பற்ற வேண்டிய கட்டமைப்பை விளக்கும் ஒரு தகவல் சார்ந்த [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருக்கள்|கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புரு]] ஆகும். '''இந்த கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருவைத் திருத்துவதன் மூலம் புதிய கட்டுரை எதுவும் உருவாகாது. ''' புதிய கட்டுரைகளை எவ்வாறு உருவாக்குவது என்பது குறித்த தகவல்களுக்கு [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:ஒரு புதிய பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு தொடங்குவது]] என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும்.}} [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:புவியியல் படிநிலை#பிராந்தியங்கள்|பிராந்தியங்கள்]] என்பவை, ஒரு நாட்டில் உள்ள பல நகரங்களை எளிதில் கண்டறியக்கூடிய மற்றும் புரிந்துகொள்ளக்கூடிய ஒரு படிநிலை அமைப்பில் வகைப்படுத்துவதற்காக, விக்கிப்பயண தளத்தில் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் ஒரு வகைப்பாட்டு முறையாகும். இவை [[Wy/ta/மினசோட்டா|மினசோட்டா]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/நியூ சவுத் வேல்சு|நியூ சவுத் வேல்சு]] போன்ற துணை-தேசிய அரசியல் பிரதேசங்களாக இருக்கலாம், அல்லது [[Wy/ta/பிரெஞ்சு ரிவியரா|பிரெஞ்சு ரிவியரா]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/அமெரிக்காவின் தென்மேற்குப் பகுதி|அமெரிக்காவின் தென்மேற்குப் பகுதி]] போன்ற, தெளிவான அரசியல் எல்லைகள் இல்லாத, ஆனால் சுற்றுலா ரீதியாக அறியப்படும் பகுதிகளாகவும் இருக்கலாம். ஒரு நாட்டின் கட்டுரையில் காணப்படும் சட்டப்பூர்வத் தகவல்களோ அல்லது ஒரு நகரக் கட்டுரையில் இடம்பெறும் முகவரிகள் மற்றும் தொலைபேசி எண்கள் போன்ற விவரங்களோ இங்கிருப்பதில்லை. மாறாக, பிராந்தியங்கள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகள், அந்தப் பகுதியின் மக்கள், பண்பாடு, காலநிலை மற்றும் உணவுமுறை போன்ற அம்சங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய, சற்று விரிவான மற்றும் பொதுவான கண்ணோட்டத்தைக் கொண்டவையாக அமைகின்றன. 05ixpcbq5whr1bjpbsnuzpmj15j6ttc 7386693 7386673 2026-11-10T08:44:40Z Sree1959 2594881 மேலும் விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7386693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Notice|'''குறிப்பு''': இது புவியியல் பகுதிகள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகளை உருவாக்கும்போது பின்பற்ற வேண்டிய கட்டமைப்பை விளக்கும் ஒரு தகவல் சார்ந்த [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருக்கள்|கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புரு]] ஆகும். '''இந்த கட்டமைப்பு வார்ப்புருவைத் திருத்துவதன் மூலம் புதிய கட்டுரை எதுவும் உருவாகாது. ''' புதிய கட்டுரைகளை எவ்வாறு உருவாக்குவது என்பது குறித்த தகவல்களுக்கு [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:ஒரு புதிய பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு தொடங்குவது]] என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும்.}} ''[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:புவியியல் படிநிலை#பிராந்தியங்கள்|பிராந்தியங்கள்]] என்பவை, ஒரு நாட்டில் உள்ள பல நகரங்களை எளிதில் கண்டறியக்கூடிய மற்றும் புரிந்துகொள்ளக்கூடிய ஒரு படிநிலை அமைப்பில் வகைப்படுத்துவதற்காக, விக்கிப்பயண தளத்தில் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் ஒரு வகைப்பாட்டு முறையாகும். இவை [[Wy/ta/மினசோட்டா|மினசோட்டா]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/நியூ சவுத் வேல்சு|நியூ சவுத் வேல்சு]] போன்ற துணை-தேசிய அரசியல் பிரதேசங்களாக இருக்கலாம், அல்லது [[Wy/ta/பிரெஞ்சு ரிவியரா|பிரெஞ்சு ரிவியரா]] அல்லது [[Wy/ta/அமெரிக்காவின் தென்மேற்குப் பகுதி|அமெரிக்காவின் தென்மேற்குப் பகுதி]] போன்ற, தெளிவான அரசியல் எல்லைகள் இல்லாத, ஆனால் சுற்றுலா ரீதியாக அறியப்படும் பகுதிகளாகவும் இருக்கலாம். ஒரு நாட்டின் கட்டுரையில் காணப்படும் சட்டப்பூர்வத் தகவல்களோ அல்லது ஒரு நகரக் கட்டுரையில் இடம்பெறும் முகவரிகள் மற்றும் தொலைபேசி எண்கள் போன்ற விவரங்களோ இங்கிருப்பதில்லை. மாறாக, பிராந்தியங்கள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகள், அந்தப் பகுதியின் மக்கள், பண்பாடு, காலநிலை மற்றும் உணவுமுறை போன்ற அம்சங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய, சற்று விரிவான மற்றும் பொதுவான கண்ணோட்டத்தைக் கொண்டவையாக அமைகின்றன.'' ''இந்த வார்ப்புருவை, 10 அல்லது அதற்கும் குறைவான நகரங்களைக் கொண்டதும், மேலும் சிறிய உட்பிரிவுகளாகப் பிரிக்க முடியாததுமான பகுதிகளுக்குப் பயன்படுத்த வேண்டும்.'' ''ஒரு புதிய பிராந்தியத்தை உருவாக்குவதற்கு முன்பாக, ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட பிரிவில் நகரங்களின் எண்ணிக்கை மிக அதிகமாக இருக்கும்போதோ அல்லது உள்ளடக்கத்தின் அளவு மிக அதிகமாக இருக்கும்போதோ மட்டுமே நாம் [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:தயங்காமல் செயல்படுங்கள்!|புதிய பிராந்திய]] நிலையைச் சேர்க்கிறோம் என்பதை நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். விக்கிப்பயணத்தில் பின்பற்றப்படும் பிராந்திய வரிசைமுறை எப்போதும் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ வகைப்பாட்டைப் பின்பற்றுவதில்லை. பெரும்பாலும் இது அதிகாரப்பூர்வ வகைப்பாட்டை விட மிகவும் "தட்டையான" அமைப்பைக் கொண்டிருக்கிறது.'' முழுமையான காலி பகுதி வார்ப்புருவை விரைவாகச் சேர்க்க, [[Template:Wy/ta/சிறு பிராந்தியம் வார்ப்புரு விரைவுப்பதிப்பு|விரைவுப் பதிப்பை]] நகலெடுத்து, நீங்கள் திருத்திக் கொண்டிருக்கும் பக்கத்தின் திருத்தப் பெட்டியில் ஒட்டவும். அல்லது, எளிமையாக <nowiki>{{subst:Template:Wy/ta/சிறு பிராந்தியம் வார்ப்புரு விரைவுப்பதிப்பு}}</nowiki> என்பதைப் பயன்படுத்தவும். இவ்வாறு செய்தால், பக்கத்தைச் சேமிக்கும்போது அது முழுமையான பகுதி வார்ப்புருவாக விரிவடையும். 0l575npn1xhy90mgnrr6pr8zv0ocu92 14 3830781 7386309 2026-11-09T18:15:31Z Ganjidvd 2540604 Created page with "[[Category:Wt/rgn/Parôl par lengva|galiziãn]]" 7386309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rgn/Parôl par lengva|galiziãn]] q741e90xzzc2v72i3l2g0cata3ehvms 14 3830782 7386315 2026-11-09T18:37:56Z Ganjidvd 2540604 Created page with "[[Category:Wt/rgn/Parôl par lengva|basch]]" 7386315 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rgn/Parôl par lengva|basch]] t855z87tbd3guq2jswrp0mxhlvtivhs 0 3830783 7386328 2026-11-09T18:56:39Z ~2026-59482-27 2724819 Created page with "'''Eksha''' (Latini: ''Pinus palustris, Pinus'' spp.; Ingrasa: ''[[:en:Longleaf_pine|longleaf pine]]''; Pilanchi: ''[[:fr:Pin_des_marais|pin rouge, bois gras]]'') [[File:Pinus palustris UGA1.jpg|thumb|Eksha yuru]] Kata hayina arahch, kata tahch’i namu panu wɛhakatihch, kata ayi uhkwayikatihch, eksha lapuya raku. Kata wishi hashupa honutihch, hali mahkini, rahcha, hahchu uhkelu. Rihku yuru, ɔshta hishtahahki, wirani yuru kal’ura. Uhktɛrashki yuhkinahku, ɔshta kuna..." 7386328 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eksha''' (Latini: ''Pinus palustris, Pinus'' spp.; Ingrasa: ''[[:en:Longleaf_pine|longleaf pine]]''; Pilanchi: ''[[:fr:Pin_des_marais|pin rouge, bois gras]]'') [[File:Pinus palustris UGA1.jpg|thumb|Eksha yuru]] Kata hayina arahch, kata tahch’i namu panu wɛhakatihch, kata ayi uhkwayikatihch, eksha lapuya raku. Kata wishi hashupa honutihch, hali mahkini, rahcha, hahchu uhkelu. Rihku yuru, ɔshta hishtahahki, wirani yuru kal’ura. Uhktɛrashki yuhkinahku, ɔshta kunasha, tolu enenihku raku. Uhktɛrashki yuruhchikashi, ɔshka uhkperi. Eksh’elu tika eluku. Uhktahkishi kayi, naranahku ahomu raku. Kanahku rowinanahku, shumacha uhkpohkuku. Ayi uhkelu. Tihika namu pan’ɔkihch, eksha uhkhayiti. Wishi yukawan, uhkchɔh’ɔshka mahkini haliku. Uhkchɔh’ɔshka, rihki kaliwan, shihk’uta. Eksha harahap’uhkihch (tihika polun nisa pan’ɔkihch), ɔstayi tupa mishtihki rahkura. Uhkrihkuyahonipa rahkura. Onikuhpani tihikapikatishisɛma namu, eksha rihku mari chutahch, ri, heri, takuri, wishkatahi mashukata. Uhkrihku, ayitarɛma mashukata, wɛhaniwan; ruwina yawan, yukiwan, uhkɛmahkanta. Eksha tɛrashki pata, eksha shaha pat’ama wayitohku ɛmahkanta. Ayihahpushinahchu, nokushi mak’ama hek’antahch, sishtahpu raha, sɛstayi rahapa mashukata. Uhktɛrashki yuhkinahku yuru, lɔhka mashuwan, mari chukata. Takushatiku, uhktɛrashki, eksh’el’ɔma mari chuwihch, lɔhka yorumanahku mashuku. Tamaskokiku, Tachahtakupa, eksha tahkishi, unkri hayihta pohkuhkuna. Tachahtaku eksha pasatini chuwihch, alatinishuru mashuku. Tachalakiku, eksha tɛrashki nisa mari chuwihch, wishihiraniyimohku mashuwihch, yasha soluwan, kɔraku. Eksha rihkuyahoni ayimuhki, oni lupiwihch, uhkri sihiniwan, huwaku. Talibamaku, oni uhkrupatihch, eksha tahkishi talu wishihiraniyimohku, uhksoluwan, mashuku. Tachahtaku, oni kichu, ɔstayishila na’arahch, eksha kɔlanisa wishiyimohku mashuku, uhksoluwan. [[Category:Wp/tun]] [[Category:Wp/tun/Rihku]] 1if6j43bmqnp3wgzgl6txa3wm5963pt 0 3830784 7386337 2026-11-09T19:16:34Z ~2026-59562-41 2724824 Created page with "'''Leonora Carrington''' (6. sulakuuda 1917 Clayton Green, Lancashire, Anglie – 25. oraskuuda 2011 México, Meksikka) oli britanielane kuvataiduolija da kirjuttaja. Carrington syndy Lancashiressa, Angliessa, hänen perehen toiseksi lapseksi da ainavoksi tyttäreksi. Hänen muamo oli irlandielane. Hiän tuttavustu surrealizmah jo lapsena, da tällä taidoalalla hiän suundaudu sežo hänen ammattialalla. Hänellä da Max Ernstillä oli rakkahusväli 1930-luvun lopulla...." 7386337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leonora Carrington''' (6. sulakuuda 1917 Clayton Green, Lancashire, Anglie – 25. oraskuuda 2011 México, Meksikka) oli britanielane kuvataiduolija da kirjuttaja. Carrington syndy Lancashiressa, Angliessa, hänen perehen toiseksi lapseksi da ainavoksi tyttäreksi. Hänen muamo oli irlandielane. Hiän tuttavustu surrealizmah jo lapsena, da tällä taidoalalla hiän suundaudu sežo hänen ammattialalla. Hänellä da Max Ernstillä oli rakkahusväli 1930-luvun lopulla. Carrington eli viikon Meksikassa, kudaman kanzalazus hänellä annettih vuodena 1942. Vuodena 1985 hiän muuttu Yhysvaldoih. Carrington mäni miehellä Emericko Weiszilla da sai kaksi lasta. Händä piettih yhtenä tärgeimmistä surrealistizista taiduolijoista. Hänen tevoksie ollah ezimerkiksi Self-Portrait (Inn of the Dawn Horse) (1937–38), Green Tea (1942), Down Below (1941) da Big Badger Meets the Domino Boys (1986). Carrington luadi sežo suavutuksekkahan alan kirjuttajana; tuotandoh mahtuu ezimerkiksi romuana The Hearing Trumpet, kumbane kirjutettih alguperäzesti jo 1960-luvulla. Down Below -romuanan enzimäistä versiedä Carrington tariči 1946 Janet Flannerilla, kumbane ruado julguajana, ga hiän ei kiinnittän siih mieldä. Lopuškalla 1944 Jeanne Megnenilla frantsieksi saneldu versie jullattih anglieksi kiännettynä surrealistizessa VVV-aviezassa. Toizen muailmanvoinan allussa Carrington kuadu lujasti hengizesti. Hiän joutu sentäh bolniččahoidoh. Hiän oli katoličeskoi. Händä kučuttih jälgimäzeksi eläjäksi surrealistaksi, hos yhenmoine väiteh on ezitetty sežo ezimerkiksi Enrico Donatista (s. 1909). Carrington jatkai taijollista alua vanhuoh suate. [[Category:Wp/krl]] 0k8l2athyyts6z3hbx57cq3wtvpk30x 7386340 7386337 2026-11-09T19:28:56Z ~2026-59562-41 2724824 I added categories. 7386340 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leonora Carrington''' (6. sulakuuda 1917 Clayton Green, Lancashire, Anglie – 25. oraskuuda 2011 México, Meksikka) oli britanielane kuvataiduolija da kirjuttaja. Carrington syndy Lancashiressa, Angliessa, hänen perehen toiseksi lapseksi da ainavoksi tyttäreksi. Hänen muamo oli irlandielane. Hiän tuttavustu surrealizmah jo lapsena, da tällä taidoalalla hiän suundaudu sežo hänen ammattialalla. Hänellä da Max Ernstillä oli rakkahusväli 1930-luvun lopulla. Carrington eli viikon Meksikassa, kudaman kanzalazus hänellä annettih vuodena 1942. Vuodena 1985 hiän muuttu Yhysvaldoih. Carrington mäni miehellä Emericko Weiszilla da sai kaksi lasta. Händä piettih yhtenä tärgeimmistä surrealistizista taiduolijoista. Hänen tevoksie ollah ezimerkiksi Self-Portrait (Inn of the Dawn Horse) (1937–38), Green Tea (1942), Down Below (1941) da Big Badger Meets the Domino Boys (1986). Carrington luadi sežo suavutuksekkahan alan kirjuttajana; tuotandoh mahtuu ezimerkiksi romuana The Hearing Trumpet, kumbane kirjutettih alguperäzesti jo 1960-luvulla. Down Below -romuanan enzimäistä versiedä Carrington tariči 1946 Janet Flannerilla, kumbane ruado julguajana, ga hiän ei kiinnittän siih mieldä. Lopuškalla 1944 Jeanne Megnenilla frantsieksi saneldu versie jullattih anglieksi kiännettynä surrealistizessa VVV-aviezassa. Toizen muailmanvoinan allussa Carrington kuadu lujasti hengizesti. Hiän joutu sentäh bolniččahoidoh. Hiän oli katoličeskoi. Händä kučuttih jälgimäzeksi eläjäksi surrealistaksi, hos yhenmoine väiteh on ezitetty sežo ezimerkiksi Enrico Donatista (s. 1909). Carrington jatkai taijollista alua vanhuoh suate. [[Category:Wp/krl/Kulttuuri]] [[Category:Wp/krl/Kirjallisuš]] [[Category:Wp/krl/Kul'tuura]] [[Category:Wp/krl/Kuvataideh]] [[Category:Wp/krl/Kulttuura]] 2ysnvky5451warh2na6kk8o9twlj8i2 7386341 7386340 2026-11-09T19:29:54Z ~2026-59562-41 2724824 Changed a category name. 7386341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leonora Carrington''' (6. sulakuuda 1917 Clayton Green, Lancashire, Anglie – 25. oraskuuda 2011 México, Meksikka) oli britanielane kuvataiduolija da kirjuttaja. Carrington syndy Lancashiressa, Angliessa, hänen perehen toiseksi lapseksi da ainavoksi tyttäreksi. Hänen muamo oli irlandielane. Hiän tuttavustu surrealizmah jo lapsena, da tällä taidoalalla hiän suundaudu sežo hänen ammattialalla. Hänellä da Max Ernstillä oli rakkahusväli 1930-luvun lopulla. Carrington eli viikon Meksikassa, kudaman kanzalazus hänellä annettih vuodena 1942. Vuodena 1985 hiän muuttu Yhysvaldoih. Carrington mäni miehellä Emericko Weiszilla da sai kaksi lasta. Händä piettih yhtenä tärgeimmistä surrealistizista taiduolijoista. Hänen tevoksie ollah ezimerkiksi Self-Portrait (Inn of the Dawn Horse) (1937–38), Green Tea (1942), Down Below (1941) da Big Badger Meets the Domino Boys (1986). Carrington luadi sežo suavutuksekkahan alan kirjuttajana; tuotandoh mahtuu ezimerkiksi romuana The Hearing Trumpet, kumbane kirjutettih alguperäzesti jo 1960-luvulla. Down Below -romuanan enzimäistä versiedä Carrington tariči 1946 Janet Flannerilla, kumbane ruado julguajana, ga hiän ei kiinnittän siih mieldä. Lopuškalla 1944 Jeanne Megnenilla frantsieksi saneldu versie jullattih anglieksi kiännettynä surrealistizessa VVV-aviezassa. Toizen muailmanvoinan allussa Carrington kuadu lujasti hengizesti. Hiän joutu sentäh bolniččahoidoh. Hiän oli katoličeskoi. Händä kučuttih jälgimäzeksi eläjäksi surrealistaksi, hos yhenmoine väiteh on ezitetty sežo ezimerkiksi Enrico Donatista (s. 1909). Carrington jatkai taijollista alua vanhuoh suate. [[Category:Wp/krl/Kulttuuri]] [[Category:Wp/krl/Kirjallisuš]] [[Category:Wp/krl/Kul'tuura]] [[Category:Wp/krl/Kulttuura]] [[Category:Wp/krl/Kuvataido]] ipjwdqj0ljrv5fux3orsrjkietucuq3 0 3830785 7386344 2026-11-09T19:55:11Z Uthman salma 2604311 /* */ 7386344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isaac Kwame Asiamah''' (dɔgɩbʋ yuoni ɩyε 24 December 1975)<ref name="ghmps" /><ref name="odekro" /> ʋ ɩyε Gaana pɔlɩtɩsa ku a Republic of Ghana. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku [[Wp/wlx/Atwima Mponua constituency|Atwima Mponua constituency]]. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku a gbandɩgε a 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th anɩŋ a 8th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0" /> Ʋ ɩyε nie aŋ da paahɩ He a New Patriotic Party of Ghana. A yi February 2017 waana January 2021, ʋ da ɩyε [[Wp/wlx/Minister of Youth and Sports|Minister of Youth and Sports]]. a637buth0ra5bzk0edc6l6gscldlccg 7386348 7386344 2026-11-09T20:00:30Z Uthman salma 2604311 Maaliye Paji paalaa 7386348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isaac Kwame Asiamah''' (dɔgɩbʋ yuoni ɩyε 24 December 1975)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-ghmps-1</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-odekro-2</ref>ʋ ɩyε Gaana pɔlɩtɩsa ku a Republic of Ghana. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku [[Wp/wlx/Atwima Mponua constituency|Atwima Mponua constituency]]. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku a gbandɩgε a 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th anɩŋ a 8th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:3-3</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:4-4</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:0-5</ref>Ʋ ɩyε nie aŋ da paahɩ He a [[Wp/wlx/New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic Party]] of Ghana. A yi February 2017 waana January 2021, ʋ da ɩyε [[Wp/wlx/Minister of Youth and Sports|Minister of Youth and Sports]]. == Mɩŋ kaa nyε == * Minister of Youth and Sports * Atwima Mponua constituency * List of MPs elected in the 2016 Ghanaian parliamentary election == Tarejɩɩhɩ == a604s6k90fdlsthga52z6eymec7ey9v 7386349 7386348 2026-11-09T20:02:15Z Uthman salma 2604311 /* */ 7386349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item= Q33108613}} '''Isaac Kwame Asiamah''' (dɔgɩbʋ yuoni ɩyε 24 December 1975)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-ghmps-1</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-odekro-2</ref>ʋ ɩyε Gaana pɔlɩtɩsa ku a Republic of Ghana. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku [[Wp/wlx/Atwima Mponua constituency|Atwima Mponua constituency]]. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku a gbandɩgε a 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th anɩŋ a 8th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:3-3</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:4-4</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:0-5</ref>Ʋ ɩyε nie aŋ da paahɩ He a [[Wp/wlx/New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic Party]] of Ghana. A yi February 2017 waana January 2021, ʋ da ɩyε [[Wp/wlx/Minister of Youth and Sports|Minister of Youth and Sports]]. == Mɩŋ kaa nyε == * Minister of Youth and Sports * Atwima Mponua constituency * List of MPs elected in the 2016 Ghanaian parliamentary election == Tarejɩɩhɩ == kcvlrfxhllidl75lvmopol96rgimttq 7386362 7386349 2026-11-09T20:22:24Z Uthman salma 2604311 /* */ 7386362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item= Q33108613}} '''Isaac Kwame Asiamah''' (dɔgɩbʋ yuoni ɩyε 24 December 1975)<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-ghmps-1</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-odekro-2</ref>ʋ ɩyε Gaana pɔlɩtɩsa ku a Republic of Ghana. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku [[Wp/wlx/Atwima Mponua constituency|Atwima Mponua constituency]]. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku a gbandɩgε a 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th anɩŋ a 8th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:3-3</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:4-4</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:0-5</ref>Ʋ ɩyε nie aŋ da paahɩ He a [[Wp/wlx/New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic Party]] of Ghana. A yi February 2017 waana January 2021, ʋ da ɩyε [[Wp/wlx/Minister of Youth and Sports|Minister of Youth and Sports]]. == Early life and education == Isaac Asiamah dɔgɩbu jɩe ɩyε Mampong, Gaana puoŋ a 24 December 1975 yuoni puoŋ.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-GOV-6</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-PRO-7</ref>Ʋ gaayε [[Wp/wlx/University of Ghana, Legon|University of Ghana, Legon]] jie ʋŋ baahɩ nɩŋ [[Wp/wlx/Bachelor of Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[Wp/wlx/Geography|Geography]] anɩŋ [[Wp/wlx/Political Science|Political Science]], 2000 yuoni puoŋ.Ʋ da lεʋ gaayε nɩmbitoori tɩ karɩŋ a Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration a tɩ nyε ʋ master's degree in Governance and Leadership, a baahɩ a yuonɩ 2008 puoŋ.<ref name=":2" /> == Mɩŋ kaa nyε == * Minister of Youth and Sports * Atwima Mponua constituency * List of MPs elected in the 2016 Ghanaian parliamentary election == Tarejɩɩhɩ == hjizk4iqts8exrtitzerif8031ypczf 7386365 7386362 2026-11-09T20:24:46Z Uthman salma 2604311 /* Early life and education */ 7386365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item= Q33108613}} '''Isaac Kwame Asiamah''' (dɔgɩbʋ yuoni ɩyε 24 December 1975)<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-ghmps-1</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-odekro-2</ref>ʋ ɩyε Gaana pɔlɩtɩsa ku a Republic of Ghana. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku [[Wp/wlx/Atwima Mponua constituency|Atwima Mponua constituency]]. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku a gbandɩgε a 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th anɩŋ a 8th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:3-3</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:4-4</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:0-5</ref>Ʋ ɩyε nie aŋ da paahɩ He a [[Wp/wlx/New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic Party]] of Ghana. A yi February 2017 waana January 2021, ʋ da ɩyε [[Wp/wlx/Minister of Youth and Sports|Minister of Youth and Sports]]. == Votɩhʋŋ piilεε nɩŋ ʋ sakuu karɩmbu == Isaac Asiamah dɔgɩbu jɩe ɩyε Mampong, Gaana puoŋ a 24 December 1975 yuoni puoŋ.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-GOV-6</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-PRO-7</ref>Ʋ gaayε [[Wp/wlx/University of Ghana, Legon|University of Ghana, Legon]] jie ʋŋ baahɩ nɩŋ [[Wp/wlx/Bachelor of Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[Wp/wlx/Geography|Geography]] anɩŋ [[Wp/wlx/Political Science|Political Science]], 2000 yuoni puoŋ.Ʋ da lεʋ gaayε nɩmbitoori tɩ karɩŋ a Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration a tɩ nyε ʋ master's degree in Governance and Leadership, a baahɩ a yuonɩ 2008 puoŋ.<ref name=":2" /> == Mɩŋ kaa nyε == * Minister of Youth and Sports * Atwima Mponua constituency * List of MPs elected in the 2016 Ghanaian parliamentary election == Tarejɩɩhɩ == jrwnrpps3sh4x19yvlddkmallz8kdpw 7386370 7386365 2026-11-09T20:32:20Z Uthman salma 2604311 /* Votɩhʋŋ piilεε nɩŋ ʋ sakuu karɩmbu */ 7386370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item= Q33108613}} '''Isaac Kwame Asiamah''' (dɔgɩbʋ yuoni ɩyε 24 December 1975)<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-ghmps-1</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-odekro-2</ref>ʋ ɩyε Gaana pɔlɩtɩsa ku a Republic of Ghana. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku [[Wp/wlx/Atwima Mponua constituency|Atwima Mponua constituency]]. Ʋ ɩyε palɩmεntɩ mεmba ku a gbandɩgε a 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th anɩŋ a 8th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:3-3</ref><ref name=":4">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:4-4</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-:0-5</ref>Ʋ ɩyε nie aŋ da paahɩ He a [[Wp/wlx/New Patriotic Party|New Patriotic Party]] of Ghana. A yi February 2017 waana January 2021, ʋ da ɩyε [[Wp/wlx/Minister of Youth and Sports|Minister of Youth and Sports]]. == Votɩhʋŋ piilεε nɩŋ ʋ sakuu karɩmbu == Isaac Asiamah dɔgɩbu jɩe ɩyε Mampong, Gaana puoŋ a 24 December 1975 yuoni puoŋ.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-GOV-6</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Kwame_Asiamah#cite_note-PRO-7</ref>Ʋ gaayε [[Wp/wlx/University of Ghana, Legon|University of Ghana, Legon]] jie ʋŋ baahɩ nɩŋ [[Wp/wlx/Bachelor of Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[Wp/wlx/Geography|Geography]] anɩŋ [[Wp/wlx/Political Science|Political Science]], 2000 yuoni puoŋ.Ʋ da lεʋ gaayε nɩmbitoori tɩ karɩŋ a Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration a tɩ nyε ʋ master's degree in Governance and Leadership, a baahɩ a yuonɩ 2008 puoŋ.<ref name=":2" /> == Ʋ vorɩhʋŋ Yεltarɩhɩ == Asiamah da dɩyε pɔgɔ nɩŋ biihi ba-ta.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />Ʋ ɩyε Christian anɩŋ mεmba ku a Anglican Church of Ghana.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> == Mɩŋ kaa nyε == * Minister of Youth and Sports * Atwima Mponua constituency * List of MPs elected in the 2016 Ghanaian parliamentary election == Tarejɩɩhɩ == 54u8l3c8ano7mw1w5zty3ncvxyrdmtw 0 3830786 7386346 2026-11-09T19:59:26Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dédégbeu''' ti lika kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] rgae6aflmrpjivik2e2q74ev43yvw5p 7386347 7386346 2026-11-09T20:00:17Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3043041]] 7386347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dédégbeu''' ti lika kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3043041}} g5b7fhlyzs06nm541lvf9zo4t28wk6w 0 3830787 7386350 2026-11-09T20:03:55Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386350 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kibouo''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] 5ud893m8ytyvdkln4fa7xggkjdcv5la 7386351 7386350 2026-11-09T20:04:52Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3196323]] 7386351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kibouo''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3196323}} q1bx4h33gf4x042pb03h2rzqayrhan8 0 3830788 7386352 2026-11-09T20:06:20Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386352 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiffany Lane Jarmon''' (wacce aka haifa a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 1973), wacce aka fi sani da sunan da take amfani da shi a fagen fasaha, Charli Baltimore, mawakiyar rap ce 'yar kasar Amurka kuma fitacciyar fuska a talabijin. == Zantuka == * To, dole ne in sadaukar da wasu abubuwa, amma iyalina suna da kyau sosai kuma suna ba ni goyon baya. Sun san cewa aikina yana da matukar muhimmanci a gare ni. Ko da ba ni da iyali ko yara, har yanzu da sai na sadaukar da abubuwa da yawa. Dole ne ka bar abubuwa da yawa don zama shahararren mai fasaha—abubuwan da a al'ada ba ma tunanin cewa suna da wata muhimmanci. Ba koyaushe abin yake da kyau da walwala kamar yadda ake gani a cikin bidiyo ba. Amma dai, ba zan yi korafi ba... * Eh, amma abin takaici, waɗannan ba su kasance waƙoƙina mafi kyau ba. Waƙar da na yi tare da Ghostface Killah ("Stand up") ta yi kyau, kuma na ji daɗin waƙar da na yi tare da Mobb Deep. Matsalar aikin ita ce, kamfanin Untertainment ya so sauran waƙoƙin su zama na salon 'pop', wanda hakan ya sa na yi waƙoƙin da ban ji daɗin yin su ba sosai. Zan iya rubuta waƙoƙi masu kyau, amma ni kaina ban ji daɗin su ba. Wannan haɗakar waƙoƙin titi (street) da na 'pop' wataƙila ya sa mutane da yawa ba su fahimci ainihin salon da nake wakilta ba; shi ya sa taken sabon kundin waƙoƙina ma yake nuni ga wannan. Ina farin ciki da cewa Irv Gotti ya ba ni cikakken 'yancin gudanar da aikin yadda nake so. === Hira da Charli Baltimore === * Ni ce nake rubuta dukkan waƙoƙina. A koyaushe na ɗauki kaina a matsayin marubuciya mafi ƙwarewa fiye da mawakiyar rap. Daga rubuta waƙoƙin gargajiya (poetry) ne na wuce zuwa rubuta waƙoƙin rap masu jituwar sauti (rhymes). A gare ni, rubutu yana zama kamar wata hanya ce ta samun natsuwar rai. * Kasancewa a wani yanayi daban. Salon kiɗan yankin Midwest ya bambanta da na yankin East Coast. Wannan ya fito da wani ɓangare na daban a cikin halayena. * Na yi sa'ar yin aiki tare da mutane da yawa da nake sha'awarsu. Wannan wani abu ne da ya zo min a matsayin dama. * Na fara rubuta waƙoƙi tun ina da kimanin shekaru 12. Daga baya, shekaru da yawa bayan haka, lokacin da na haɗu da Notorious B.I.G., ya ƙarfafa ni in inganta ƙwarewata. * Yana da ban dariya sosai. Kowa ya ɗauke shi a matsayin mawakiyar rap mai tsauri da kuma haziki a fannin kiɗa. Amma idan kyamar == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Charli_Baltimore|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charli_Baltimore]] jaab6ouwhmgbo2gbd6s8o98ab7zep5u 0 3830789 7386353 2026-11-09T20:08:25Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386353 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cynthia Denise Bailey''' (wacce aka haifa a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 1967) 'yar kasar Amurka ce, mai sana'ar nuna kaya (model), fitacciyar fuska a shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaskiya (reality TV), mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen sauti (podcaster), kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. An haife ta kuma ta girma a jihar Alabama, sannan ta koma birnin New York tana da shekaru 18 domin neman damar yin sana'ar nuna kaya. == Zantuka == * Mutanen da suka yi nasara? Ina kewaye da mutane da yawa da suka yi nasara, kuma mutanen da suka yi nasara ba sa daina ƙoƙari. Ina tsammanin irin wannan halin ne nima nake da shi. Wasu mutane suna tsoron gazawa sosai har ba sa ma gwada yin abubuwa. Wannan shi ne babban kuskuren da mutum zai iya yi. Babu laifi idan mutum ya gaza. Abin da ya kamata ka yi shi ne ka tashi, ka share ƙurar jikinka, sannan ka sake gwadawa. Ka ci gaba da gwadawa har sai ka samu nasara. * Ina jin kamar ina yin abubuwa da yawa. Wani lokacin yana da wuya a daidaita komai. Ni uwa ce, ina da yaro mai shekaru 13, kuma ina da miji; dukkaninsu suna buƙata ta. Ba zan iya aiki a kowane lokaci ba—dole ne in dawo gida in dafa abinci, in taimaka wajen aikin makaranta, kuma in kula da mijina. Dole ne in sami daidaito domin kasancewa a duk inda ya kamata in kasance, da kuma kasancewa tare da kowa. Yanzu kuma ina cikin shirin "Real Housewives of Atlanta," wanda shi ma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa a cikin tsarin ayyukana. Ina da aiki sosai, kuma ni ba ɗaya ce daga cikin mutanen da ke nuna kamar komai yana da sauƙi ba. Domin gaskiya ba haka ba ne. Aiki ne mai yawa kuma kullum ina jin gajiya; idan kun taɓa ganina a cikin jirgin sama, zan kasance ina lulluɓe da bargo a kaina, na yi barci mai nauyi. Ina yin barci a duk lokacin da na sami dama, ina ƙoƙarin shan bitamin da alluran bitamin B12, da duk abin da zan iya don samun ƙarin kuzari, in ci gaba da mai da hankali, kuma in ci gaba da sa ido kan burina. * Wannan abin ban mamaki ne! Ni, a lokacin da nake da shekaru 15, har yanzu ina wasa da 'yan tsana (Barbie dolls). Ba zan taɓa iya zama a kan waya ina tattaunawa da wani shahararren mutum game da komai ba; da na ji kunya sosai. Ba zai yiwu mutum ya gina babbar daula ta kasuwanci, sannan ya kula da mijinsa a kowane dare, tare da taimaka wa ɗansa wajen yin aikin makaranta ba. Yin duk waɗannan abubuwan a lokaci guda, aiki ne mai matuƙar nauyi! * Gaskiya, yana da wuya! Yana da wuya sosai. Kullum ina fafutukar daidaita abubuwa domin in iya gudanar da duka waɗannan ayyukan, kasancewar a matsayina na uwa, wannan shi ne babban nauyina na farko. Ni kuma mata ce, kuma mijina yana buƙata ta, haka ma ɗana yana buƙata ta. Sana'ata tana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni, don haka na mai da hankali sosai kan ƙwarewata da sauran ayyukan da nake gudanarwa. Haka kuma, ina buƙatar lokaci na kaina—ko da kuwa don zuwa a yi min tausa ne kawai. Lallai ina buƙatar wannan daidaito domin in iya tafiyar da komai yadda ya kamata. Ba na so ko kaɗan a ɗauka cewa abu ne mai sauƙi, domin kuwa ba haka ba ne. Kullum akwai ayyuka da yawa da ya kamata a yi. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Cynthia_Bailey|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia_Bailey]] sq5h91v5m8fszininaffmvzx8943sx2 0 3830790 7386354 2026-11-09T20:10:52Z Mr.shaperr 2717244 #shesaidha4 7386354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harriet "Hattie" Coons Babbitt''' (wacce aka haifa a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 1947) lauya ce kuma tsohuwar jami'ar diflomasiyya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Jakadiyar Amurka a Kungiyar Kasashen Amurka (OAS) daga shekarar 1993 zuwa 1997, sannan ta rike mukamin Mataimakiyar Shugabar Hukumar Amurka ta Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa (USAID) daga 1997 zuwa 2001. == Zantuka == * Na sadaukar da kai ga gudanar da bincike da ya kunshi fannoni daban-daban, wanda ya ketare iyakokin sassan da aka saba aiki a cikinsu. Cibiyar Wilson tana ba da yanayi mai kyau da ya dace da irin wannan aiki. . == Zantuka game da Harriet C. Babbitt == * Hattie Babbitt ta kasance fitacciyar ma'aikaciyar gwamnati, kuma Cibiyar tana farin cikin cewa za ta shiga cikin tawagar masana manufofin jama'a na Cibiyar. * Kasancewarta a Cibiyar zai zama babban alheri, kuma na san da yawa daga cikin masananmu za su so su amfana daga gogewarta mai zurfi. Ayyukanta kan batutuwan dunkulewar duniya (globalization), juyin juya halin fasahar sadarwa, da kuma karfin Amurka na tunkarar wadannan sauye-sauye na bayan yakin cacar-baki, sun yi daidai da muhimman jigogi da Cibiyar ke mayar da hankali a kai a cikin ayyukanta na yanzu. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Harriet_C._Babbitt|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_C._Babbitt]] pan9lwchebzpa62n7bxutw22rbyr170 0 3830791 7386355 2026-11-09T20:10:56Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gadouan-Zagoréta''' ti lika kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti klɔ kun i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] hqfxp3dkch9y1mf9olgckornqlf5utk 7386356 7386355 2026-11-09T20:11:35Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3094239]] 7386356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gadouan-Zagoréta''' ti lika kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti klɔ kun i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3094239}} hequa83r1f4qba46pssvpewbpkx6ki3 0 3830792 7386357 2026-11-09T20:15:31Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zalié-Houan''' ti lika kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ’n i klɔ dan. [[Category:Wp/bci]] 3m2rbtxa6xo8kxihwggdb8cmlpa2a8g 7386360 7386357 2026-11-09T20:16:37Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3574691]] 7386360 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zalié-Houan''' ti lika kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ’n i klɔ dan. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3574691}} tv0b16j39vkq4s2109j94iji4jnumx7 0 3830793 7386358 2026-11-09T20:15:41Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Courtney Shanade Salter''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga Maris, 1991), wacce aka fi sani da Ari Lennox, mawakiya ce 'yar Amurka kuma marubuciyar R&B daga Washington, D.C. Ta sanya hannu da J. Cole's Dreamville Records, wani hoton Interscope Records a matsayin mace ta farko da ta fara zama mawakiya a shekarar 2015. == Zantuka == * Ina son yin aiki tare da Elite domin ya san yadda zai saurare ni. Yana jin ni sosai * Don haka ina girmama 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo gaba ɗaya a wani mataki na daban... Na yi rawar jariri kuma na ji kamar 'babu komai, wannan abu ne mai yawa.' Na damu sosai saboda ina son ya zama daidai. Wannan shine farkon fitowata a talabijin. * Da na yi baƙin ciki sosai idan ban ƙirƙiri kiɗa ba, * Ba zan iya tunanin yin wani abu ba. Wannan shine yanki ɗaya a rayuwata da nake jin kamar ina da iko. * Dole ne ka gane jajayen tutocin kuma ka zaɓe ka, * Maganin ya kasance abin da ke canza yanayi * Ina so kawai kiɗana ya zama mai kyau da ma'ana * "Gida" da kuma yanayin rayuwa: Ari Lennox Ya Bayyana Game da Kiɗa == Hanyoyin hadi.na waje == [[:en:Ari_Lennox|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ari_Lennox]] 3k3zj23ydb8yunpaqtcbctd8pqfuqi2 0 3830794 7386361 2026-11-09T20:21:16Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tahnai Lauren Rivera Annis''' (wacce aka haifa a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1989) tsohuwar ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ta yi ritaya. Ta taka leda a matsayin 'yar wasan tsakiya mai kai hari (attacking midfielder) a ƙungiyar Þór/KA ta gasar mata ta Úrvalsdeild tsakanin shekarar 2012 zuwa 2014, da kuma a shekarar 2023. An haife ta a Amurka, kuma ta taɓa zama kyaftin ɗin tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Philippines. == Zantuka == * "Tawagar da muke da ita a yanzu tana da kyau sosai. Abin farin ciki ne samun ɗan daidaito daga gasar da ta gabata, inda muka kusan cimma burinmu; yanzu muna da wani babban ginshiƙi na 'yan wasa, kuma mun sami damar kawo 'yan wasa daga wurare daban-daban. Ina ganin 'yan wasan sun fi fahimtar juna sosai fiye da yadda muka taɓa samu a baya, domin wannan shi ne lokaci mafi tsawo da muka taɓa kasancewa tare, muna yin atisaye a kai a kai." == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Tahnai_Annis|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahnai_Annis]] o98phqrvg9abld2hfde6ip3xdp9paq1 0 3830795 7386363 2026-11-09T20:23:06Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zébra''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Klɔ sɔ’n ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] hyj0iunoi0jahk6pmdl5l17got88mm3 7386364 7386363 2026-11-09T20:23:17Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3576448]] 7386364 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zébra''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Klɔ sɔ’n ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3576448}} 0s3bitb91hsyfdtfj6s2dkbcm1pum9e 0 3830796 7386366 2026-11-09T20:26:02Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Malika Rose Andrews McMenamin''' (an haife shi a watan Janairu 27, 1995) yar jaridar wasanni ce ta Amurka kuma mai ba da rahoto. Ita ce mai masaukin baki NBA A Yau, wacce ta maye gurbin The Jump. == Zantuka == * Na yi aiki a kamfanin lauya na kakana a matsayin sakatare lokacin da nake ƙarami, kuma yana da ban sha'awa, kuma aikin da yake yi a matsayin lauya mai kare hakkin jama'a yana da ban mamaki kuma yana da kyau sosai. Amma na yi aiki tare da shi kuma na duba kuma na kasance kamar, "Ba na tsammanin aikin tebur a gare ni ba ne." Ina son jin daɗin rashin sanin ainihin inda za ku kasance ko abin da za ku yi. Irin wannan rashin jin daɗi, ina tsammanin, yana da daɗi da ban sha'awa. * Ban san wanda ya fara zuwa ba, amma sun zo daban, idan hakan yana da ma'ana. A koyaushe ina son kwando. Ina son kallon wasanni tare da iyalina. Mahaifina mai horar da kansa ne, don haka ya kasance kamar, yin wasanni, yin wasanni, yin wasanni, don haka koyaushe ina son hakan. * Sannan koyaushe ina son rubutawa, amma koyaushe suna rabuwa. Rubutu shine batun da na fi so a makaranta; karatu shine abin da na fi so in yi. Ni da mahaifiyata mun kasance muna tout wanda zai iya karanta ƙarin littattafai a lokacin rani a wajen littattafan makarantarmu. Sannan [kwallon kwando da rubutu] sun haɗu a kwaleji. Na san na yi mugun aiki a lissafi, na dogara sosai akan na'urori masu ƙira. A zahiri na zaɓi manyan nawa akan wanda dole ne in ɗauki mafi ƙarancin azuzuwan lissafi. To ta yaya zan iya auren wadannan abubuwa biyu? Kuma a lokacin ne suka taru. * Ban tuna da wannan ba, amma ina jin kamar an gaya mini sau da yawa. A cikin 90s ne, kafin su sami abin kunnen da jarirai ke sawa a yanzu, don haka mahaifina yakan sa hannayensa a kunnena domin duk lokacin da mai sanarwa ya yi kururuwa, sai in sa hannuna sama na yi kama, ahhh, menene wannan? Don haka ya rike hannayensa a kan kunnuwana duk wasan. * Babu wani jin dadi kamar bikin cin kofin da na yi sa'a da aka ba ni amana a 2021. Ko kallon bidiyo da hotuna daga baya, kawai an haɗiye ku. Kai wannan ɗan ƙaramin digo ne na mutum wanda aka haɗiye cikin wannan gagarumin biki. Yana da kololuwar wasanni kuma wannan abin farin ciki ne na sanin cewa a zahiri miliyoyin mutane suna sauraron yadda waɗannan 'yan wasa, waɗanda suka yi bege kuma suka yi mafarkin wani abu gabaɗayan rayuwarsu kuma suka cimma manufa ɗaya da suka kasance suna aiki a kai, kuma kai ne mai gudanarwa na wancan lokacin. Ba na tsammanin akwai wani abu kamarsa. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Malika_Andrews|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malika_Andrews]] tikyvmrup2om6iaip8b5nrkrazauyes 0 3830797 7386368 2026-11-09T20:29:34Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zokoguhé''' ti lika kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i bɔbɔ i klɔ’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] e6zf1n0und3rj9nyzllz9d2vbjn4ai3 0 3830798 7386369 2026-11-09T20:30:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nia Ali ('''an Haife ta Oktoba 23, 1988) yar wasan guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ce na Amurka wanda ta ƙware a cikin matsalolin 100 m, heptathlon, da sauran abubuwan da suka faru. == Zantuka == * Na fara cika shekaru na ƙarami a makarantar sakandare. Na fara a matsayin mai tsere na nesa amma na girma daga wannan kuma ina neman wani abu da zai nuna wani abu na iyawa. Na buga wasan kwando da sauran wasanni don haka na yi mamakin tsalle tsalle. Amma ra'ayin gudu da sauri da tsalle kan wani abu yana da farin ciki kuma na gwada shi kawai ina so in samu lafiya. * Na fara gudu tun ina yaro, ina dan shekara 6. Akwai wannan yaron a cikin kulawar rana ɗaya da ni. Ina yi masa tsere kullum sai mahaifiyarsa ta zo ta dauke shi sai ta ga ina dukansa. Ta gaya ma mahaifiyata cewa tana bukatar ta yi min rajista domin danta yana cikin tawagar kuma ina dukansa! Don haka, na tambayi mahaifiyata kowace rana kuma tana "lafiya, da gaske tana son yin wannan". * Na ji tsoro. Bayan na zagaya na tsaya a kan hanya don kallon gudunta. Ina abokantaka na kud da kud da ita kuma da zarar na gan shi, ni “Whao”. Na san tafiyarta. Yana da wuya a ga abin ya faru da kowa amma ga wani aboki na kud da kud, yana da ban tsoro. Abun ya ratsa zuciya amma jaruma ce zata koma. Ba za ku iya ƙidaya ta don gaba ba. Zata dawo da rama. A gare ni, wannan shine kawai mafi munin abin da zai iya faruwa. * Ban sani ba. Abu ne mai wahala a gare ni in faɗi. Idan ka kalli tseren waje na, nakan zo daga baya. Kuma lokutan cikin gida na ba su da sauri. Duban PR na cikin gida, Ina tsammanin zan iya tafiya da sauri da sauri. Ina tsammanin ina yin abin da ya kamata. Ni dan gwagwarmaya ne na gaske kuma duk abin da ake bukata don yin nasara, na yi shi a can a kan hanya. Na yi wa kaina kyau a cikin gida don haka ina tsammanin za ku iya cewa ni ƙwararren cikin gida ne. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Malika_Andrews|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malika_Andrews]] mhrb3n8moc1loj048x74ubho6but0m1 0 3830799 7386371 2026-11-09T20:32:32Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386371 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ajiona Alexus Brown''' (an Haife shi Maris 16, 1996) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma mawaƙiyar Amurka. Ta fara aikinta tare da tauraro a cikin TV One sitcom The Rickey Smiley Show (2012 – 2014), kuma daga baya ta buga Kukis ɗin Matasa Lyon a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Fox na Empire (2016 – 2019). == Zantuka == * Daga nan muka tashi zuwa LA don samun hukuma, kuma mu sami ƙarin ayyuka. Yana da matukar wahala ka shiga wannan duniyar. Amma na yi albarka sosai don samun irin wannan iyali mai taimako. Batun kawai dole ne ku karɓi waɗannan a'a amma kar a bar waɗanda babu su kawo ƙarshen aikin ku. Dole ne kawai ku ci gaba har sai kun sami wannan eh * Na tuna da mahaifina, da farko ya ba ni monolog, mai yiwuwa kamar shafuka biyu na waƙoƙi. Ina da shekara 8 kuma ya ce in koya. Kuma na koya a cikin kamar mintuna 3-5. Ta haka ne ya san cewa ina da irin baiwar da Allah ya ba ni. Don haka suka fara saka ni a cikin darasi na wasan kwaikwayo kuma na yi wasan kwaikwayo a makarantar sakandare * Iyalin mahaifina, dukkansu mawaƙa ne don haka na taso kusa da su koyaushe ina waƙa ba tsayawa,’ * Ajiona Alexus: A kan haɓaka cikakkiyar alamarta da jagorancin samari a cikin al'umma ta hanyar dandalinta * Iyalin mahaifina, dukkansu mawaƙa ne don haka na taso kusa da su koyaushe ina waƙa ba tsayawa,’ * Ina jin kamar an buɗe zaɓuɓɓuka. Waɗannan lokutan yanayi kamar littattafai ne. Akwai surori daban-daban kuma koyaushe akwai wani babin da za a bincika. Kamar dai a kakar wasa ta farko, mutane suna son sanin abin da zai biyo baya. Ina tsammanin abin da zai biyo baya yana da mahimmanci kamar lokacin da abin da ke faruwa a yanzu. Don haka, bayan gwaji da duk wani abu, ina tsammanin yana da mahimmanci a nuna yadda ya shafi waɗannan haruffa a cikin dogon lokaci. * Na je tebur da yawa ana karantawa, amma kuma ina yin fim ɗin nunin faifai daban-daban a lokacin, don haka ban karanta kowane fage ɗaya ba. Ban san kowane abu daya faru ba. Mun ji game da shi kuma sun yi magana da mu game da shi kadan, amma ya bambanta lokacin da kuke kallon shi kuma ku gan shi kuma ku hada dukkan sassan motsi tare. * A gare ni, ina son yin wanka da shan giya. Wannan shine irin hanyara ta warware dare. Kuma, ina son kiɗa. Ina jin kamar wannan wata hanya ce a gare ni. Kuma, sanin a ƙarshen rana, wannan nuni ne kuma kuna da rayuwar ku. Don haka, dole ne ku san yadda ake daidait == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Ajiona_Alexus|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajiona_Alexus]] t45856w7ohfnyo61jhnhtiz7ryh75r3 0 3830800 7386372 2026-11-09T20:35:48Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maya Taylor Rosales Alcantara''' (an Haife shi a watan Yuli 22, 2000) ƙwararriyar ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ko kuma ɗan tsakiya don ƙungiyar Mata ta PFF ta Kaya –Iloilo da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Philippines. == Zantuka == * Yana da ban mamaki. Ban taɓa zuwa Philippines ba don haka sake haɗawa da tushen da samun taron a bayana yana da ban mamaki. Na yi farin ciki kawai don taimaka wa ƙungiyar da abin girmamawa kuma ina matukar godiya da wakilcin Philippines. * Filipinas suna jin daɗin magoya bayan gida tare da rinjayen nasara akan hanyar sadarwar GMA ta Singapore == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Maya_Alcantara|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Alcantara]] 2fh5uhegbf6grqz0ykufz1vr0ma1ph9 0 3830801 7386373 2026-11-09T20:36:14Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zoukpangbeu''' ti lika kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Daloa i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i bɔbɔ i klɔ’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] twb5xmhh0e9d2sry8595zuwbe667fn7 0 3830802 7386374 2026-11-09T20:38:20Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Halima Aden''' (an haife ta a watan Satumba 19, 1997) ƙirar ƙirar Amurka ce. An santa da kasancewa mace ta farko da ta fara saka hijabi a gasar Miss Minnesota USA 2016, inda ta kai wasan kusa da karshe. == Zantuka == * Ina tsammanin rayuwata shaida ce ga ayyukan da suke yi a ƙasa. * Na sami damar bunƙasa. Duk da kasancewar sansanin 'yan gudun hijira, har yanzu zan iya cewa na yi kyakkyawan kuruciya saboda shirye-shiryensu. * Kasancewar mace ta farko da ta fara saka hijabi da burkini kuma har yanzu an yarda da ni a cikin gasar, hakan ya ba ni kwarin gwiwa na shiga yin tallan kayan kawa kuma na san cewa zan iya tafiya titin jirgin sama kuma in kasance cikin harbi, alhalin ban yarda ba kuma na kasance mai gaskiya ga kaina. * Kamar yadda abin ban tsoro ne a gare ni in yi wancan matakin farko na yin wani abu da ba na al'ada ba kuma abin da ba a taɓa yi ba a baya. * Amma sai a dawo bayan shekara guda in ga 'yan mata bakwai sanye da hijabi - a jiha daya kawai! - yana gaya mani game da 'yan mata suna so su kasance a cikin waɗannan wurare. Suna so su shiga su yi waɗannan abubuwan, amma kawai suna buƙatar wani ya gaya musu cewa ba shi da kyau. * Kullum ina ƙoƙarin ƙalubalantar kaina da mata a rayuwata. Idan ba ka ga an wakilta ka a kowane wuri ba, ka ja kujera sannan ka gayyaci abokanka, ka gayyaci 'yan uwanka, gayyato wasu mata. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Halima_Aden|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halima_Aden]] av94xc8zpi4lnweuisus5pinjc4tqj2 0 3830803 7386375 2026-11-09T20:40:36Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leelah Alcorn''' (Nuwamba 15, 1997 - Disamba 28, 2014) 'yar Amurka ce mai canza jinsi wadda kashe kanta ta ja hankalin duniya. Alcorn ta buga bayanin kashe kansa a shafinta na Tumblr, tana rubutu game da matsayin al'umma da ke shafar mutanen transgender tare da bayyana fatan cewa mutuwarta za ta haifar da tattaunawa game da wariya, cin zarafi da rashin tallafi ga mutanen transgender. == Zantuka == * Sa’ad da nake ɗan shekara 14, na koyi ma’anar transgender kuma na yi kuka na farin ciki. Bayan shekaru 10 na rudani daga karshe na fahimci ko ni wanene. Nan da nan na gaya wa mahaifiyata, sai ta yi mugun nufi, tana gaya mani cewa lokaci ne, ba zan taɓa zama yarinya da gaske ba, Allah ba ya yin kuskure, na yi kuskure. Idan kuna karanta wannan, iyaye, don Allah kar ku gaya wa yaranku wannan. Ko da kai Kirista ne ko kuma kana adawa da masu yin jima'i kada ka taɓa cewa ga wani, musamman ɗanka. Hakan ba zai yi komai ba face ya sa su ƙi su da kansu. Abinda yayi min kenan. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Leelah_Alcorn|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leelah_Alcorn]] 4tdf4zov8l44azm7haxozyeqbj9sxpk 0 3830804 7386376 2026-11-09T20:43:55Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386376 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elayne Viola Jones''' (Janairu 30, 1928 - Disamba 17, 2022) ɗan timpanist ɗan Amurka ne. Wata Ba’amurke Ba’amurke, haifaffen NYC ga baƙi Barbadiya, ta shawo kan ƙalubale. Daga koyon piano zuwa gwaninta a timpani, ta kammala karatunta a Juilliard, tare da masu ba ta shawara su ne Saul Goodman da Morris "Moe" Goldenberg. Ayyukan Jones sun kasance masu ban mamaki na farko. Ta zama mamba ta farko ta Black opera a cikin 1949, ta yi wasa tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun mata, kuma ta sami nasarar shiga taron wasannin opera na San Francisco a 1972, inda ta zama shugabar baƙar fata ta farko a cikin babbar ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Amurka. Hakanan, Jones shine ɗan asalin Afirka na farko da aka rubuta don yin wasa tare da New York Philharmonic. A cikin 2019, ta zama memba ta huɗu na mace ta Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame. == Zantuka == * Dole ne in tabbatar da cewa duk wanda yake sonta zai iya kunna kiɗan. Ya kasance babban nauyi domin koyaushe ina jin cewa dole ne in yi abin da ya dace, cewa ba za a bar ni da laifuffukan da sauran mawaƙa ke yi ba. Gaskiya ne har yanzu. * Ya kasance mai wuyar gaske… Ba wai wasa kawai ba amma ƙoƙarin rayuwa ta wannan duka, da kuma rayuwa tare da kaina kuma, wanda yake da wahala saboda kun fara tambaya, da kyau, ni ainihin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne, ni mutum ne mai cancanta? * Ni babban ɗan wasa ne, mutumin da ke shugaban sashe kuma koyaushe yana biya sama da sauran sashe, na farko ga Ba’amurke ɗan Afirka. Na kasance gogaggen kuma na iya; masu gudanarwa da masu sauraro sun yarda da hakan. … Wannan yanayin ya karu da gaskiyar… Samun waɗannan… a cikin manyan mukamai ya ɗan fi karfin girman kai. * Abin da kawai mutanen Afirka suka dace su yi shi ne jira… Farin fata sun ɗauke mu baƙon halitta, na biyu bayan dabbobi, kuma suna tsoron mu. Babu wani bature da zai taɓa tunanin cewa za mu zauna kusa da su a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa. * Timpani dole ne su kunna kayan aikin, su ji bayanin bayanan da suke buƙata ko dai ta hanyar samun cikakkiyar fage, ko sanin kiɗan da kyau don amfani da fatun dangi don tsarin mawaƙa […] yayin da nake rera waƙa da kuma kunna bayanin kula a lokaci guda, dole ne in ci gaba da ƙidayar inda nake […] * Duk matasa suna buƙatar hoton da za su iya nunawa, matasan Negro har ma fiye da farare, "in ji ta. "Lokacin da suka ga Negroes suna wasa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, suna iya jin cewa za su iya zuwa wurin wata rana ma." == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Elayne_Jones|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elayne_Jones]] o7tkmkzh0o9sx8zyt0u7js1brlhlxiy 0 3830805 7386378 2026-11-09T20:50:00Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shirley Jean Abbott Tomkievicz''' (Nuwamba 16, 1934 - Afrilu 8, 2019) editan mujalla ce, marubuciya, ɗan jarida, kuma ɗan tarihi, wacce aka fi sani da kundin tarihinta guda uku. == Zantuka == * Dukanmu mun girma tare da nauyin tarihi akan mu. Kakanninmu suna zaune ne a cikin kofofin kwakwalwarmu kamar yadda suke yi a cikin sarƙoƙin ilimi da ke ɓoye a cikin kowane tantanin halitta na jikinmu. * A cikin danginmu babu wani abu kamar wanda bai damu ba. An cire 'yan uwan ​​​​biyu sau uku. * Idan na girma a cikin imani mai sauƙi na cewa mata suna da ƙarfi da basira kamar maza, saboda na fito ne daga al'ummar da ta taba yarda da ita. * Mutane sun fito kawai kuma ana maraba da su koyaushe. Kasancewar kasa da awa daya cin mutunci ne, kuma kullum ana cin abinci. * Duk da haka iyakar za ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a cikin halayen da wasu tsirarunmu suka gada daga gare ta. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan halayen - a wurina abin farin ciki - shi ne amincewa cewa abubuwan da suka gabata sun shafi, cewa tarihi ya yi nauyi a kanmu kuma ya ƙi manta da mu, kuma mafi munin talauci mata - ko maza - za su iya shan wahala shi ne a yi watsi da abubuwan da suka gabata. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Shirley_Abbott_(author)|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Abbott_(author)]] ch0aev92k86ynojseh7w9dxb3r0dgpn 0 3830806 7386380 2026-11-09T20:51:59Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386380 wikitext text/x-wiki Wenonah Stevens Abbott (1865 - bayan 1922) ɗan jarida ɗan Amurka ne, marubuci, malami, kuma ɗan gurguzu na Kirista. == Zantuka == * Yau tafiyar ta kare. * Na aiwatar da wajibcin kaddara; * Tsirara, shi kaɗai, ba a kare shi ba. * Ina kwankwasa Ƙofar Ƙarshe. * Bayan rayuwa da burinta, * Jarabawarsa, da wahalarsa, da bakin ciki. * Bayan safiya mara iyaka Na yini babu gobe. "A Soul's Soliloquy", ya ruwaito == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == d50xktptweli7kcmjtjav7t4wpi0tb9 0 3830807 7386386 2026-11-09T20:56:12Z Ibrahim abusufyan 2610789 #shesaidha4 7386386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Ben-Ghiat''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1960) Ba’amurke ce mai sharhi kan siyasa, farfesa a fannin tarihi da nazarin Italiya a Jami'ar New York, kuma ƙwararriya a kan mulkin kama-karya da shugabannin kama-karya. == Zantukq == * Barka da zuwa taron abin mamaki, wanda aka tsara shi daidai don murƙushe tsarin siyasa da ƙungiyoyin farar hula, yana haifar da rudani da rudani a tsakanin jama'a da ajin siyasa wanda ke taimaka wa shugaban wajen haɗa... iko. ...Trump ya sami iko bisa doka amma ... yana da niyyar girgiza ko kai hari ga tsarin, ta amfani da ... rudani da kwararar da ta biyo baya don ƙirƙirar ... gwamnati ... wanda ke ƙarƙashin babban jami'in zartarwa kawai. ...Bannon ya sha yin magana akai-akai game da "lalata ƙasa" da sunan samun iko ga "ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ta tsakiya wacce ke adawa da kafa gwamnati." * Kawace abubuwan da kake so har sai babu wani abu da ya dace - ba su lokaci don su sha ko murmurewa daga hare-hare - dabara ce da aka gwada lokaci a tarihin ... kwace iko daga hannun masu mulkin kama-karya. ...Yanzu ana amfani da shi a kololuwar dimokuraɗiyya ta Amurka. ...Da yake ana ci gaba da samun gaggawa, wa ke damuwa ... game da ... harajin Trump, ko ... alakar sa da Rasha? * Na ci karo da bidiyon dan takarar shugaban kasa Donald Trump a wani taron siyasa. Na ga yadda ya bukaci taron jama'ar su yi rantsuwar biyayya... yayin da yake nuna raini a fili ga mutanen... Na ji yana maganar dukan masu zanga-zanga da 'yan jarida, sannan ya ce... "Zan iya tsayawa a kan titin 5th Avenue in harbe wani, kuma ba zan rasa magoya baya ko daya ba." A matsayina na masanin tarihi game da gwamnatocin kama-karya... wannan abu ya saba min sosai... Wannan wani gwaji ne... na auna jama'a, shugabannin siyasa, da 'yan jarida, don ganin yadda... za su karbi... ayyukan da suka saba wa doka da kuma tashin hankali. Masu mulkin kama-karya kan gaya muku abin da za su yi muku... Wannan wani bangare ne na siyasar barazana da suke amfani da ita. Ga Donald Trump yana gaya wa 'yan Amurka... a watan Janairun 2016, cewa ya amince da amfani da karfin tuwo, shi kansa zai iya yin amfani da karfi, kuma yana ganin kansa a matsayin wanda ya fi doka karfi. Martanin da aka samu...: wasu sun nuna rashin yarda... yayin da da yawa suka ce "Ai Trump ne kawai yake nuna halinsa." ...Trump yana bin... tsarin da masu mulkin kama-karya ke amfani da shi, wanda yawancin 'yan Amurka... ba su saba da shi ba. Don haka na yanke shawarar ilimantar da mutane... ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce sama da 60... [da] hirarraki sama da 80, domin sanar da 'yan jarida wannan... sharhi, da kuma gargadin jama'a da masu yanke shawara... A gwamnatocin da suka dogara kacokan kan halayen shugaba...: halayen shugaban..., abubuwan da ya damu da su sosai..., dabi'unsa na musamman..., suna da tasiri mai girma kan manufofin cikin gida da na waje. ...Abubuwan da ya damu da su sosai wani lokaci kan zama manufofin kasa. Ka yi tunanin Hitler da Yahudawa... Rashin kyawawan hukunci, wanda ya samo asali daga daya daga cikin munanan halayensa—wato kin amincewa da duk wani suka—zai iya haifar da... mummunan yanayi da bala'i ga kasa, kamar yadda... ya faru a zamanin Mussolini da Hitler... Trump bai dace ya zama shugaba... a tsarin dimokuradiyyar Amurka ba, amma ya dace sosai... ya zama shugaban wata kasa mai tsarin kama-karya. ...Yadda yake yanke shawara ba tare da tunani ba, haduwar rauni da girman kai a tare da shi, ...rashin tausayinsa... kuma abin da ya fi tayar da hankali, shirye-shiryensa na... jefa kasar cikin halaka, domin kare ikonsa da hanyoyin da yake samun arziki na kashin kai—duk wadannan sun dace dari bisa dari... da ...halayen tsoffin shugabannin da suka yi mulkin kama-karya. ...Muna da ilimi mai amfani da za mu iya amfani da shi wajen mayar da martani, amma duk da haka, ba mu yin hakan. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Ruth_Ben-Ghiat|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Ben-Ghiat]] fup8xcf0wajilwqira8phfx1hi2mlr3 0 3830808 7386391 2026-11-09T21:09:22Z PFSV-UY 2568169 /* */ 7386391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/arz/مصرى}} [[File:Amethyst._Magaliesburg,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|تورمالين]] === النطق === *IPA: {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم === # {{Wt/arz/Wikipedia2|arz|تورمالين}} [[Category:wt/arz]] 7pa9jhxvie3i4qqm9ypddtydgmrx5m4 7386392 7386391 2026-11-09T21:10:05Z PFSV-UY 2568169 /* اسم */ 7386392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/arz/مصرى}} [[File:Amethyst._Magaliesburg,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|تورمالين]] === النطق === *IPA: {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم === #حجر شبه كريم و هو بلورة مشكله من [[Wt/arz/بورون|البورون]] ومعادن السيليكات وعناصر تانيه زى [[Wt/arz/بوتاسيوم|البوتاسيوم]] [[Wt/arz/الومنيوم|والألمنيوم]] [[Wt/arz/صوديوم|والصوديوم]] [[Wt/arz/حديد|والحديد]] [[Wt/arz/ليثيوم|والليثيوم]] [[Wt/arz/مغنسيوم|والمغنيسيوم]]. {{Wt/arz/Wikipedia2|arz|تورمالين}} [[Category:wt/arz]] 22da9c0roai67m5vyus0wjm7r8a4b6f 7386393 7386392 2026-11-09T21:10:56Z PFSV-UY 2568169 7386393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/arz/مصرى}} [[File:2010 - tourmaline ring.jpg|thumb|تورمالين]] === النطق === *IPA: {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم === #حجر شبه كريم و هو بلورة مشكله من [[Wt/arz/بورون|البورون]] ومعادن السيليكات وعناصر تانيه زى [[Wt/arz/بوتاسيوم|البوتاسيوم]] [[Wt/arz/الومنيوم|والألمنيوم]] [[Wt/arz/صوديوم|والصوديوم]] [[Wt/arz/حديد|والحديد]] [[Wt/arz/ليثيوم|والليثيوم]] [[Wt/arz/مغنسيوم|والمغنيسيوم]]. {{Wt/arz/Wikipedia2|arz|تورمالين}} [[Category:wt/arz]] 2ih9dcfz3m3yr5g6rvlrphvegwct12n 0 3830809 7386394 2026-11-09T21:16:28Z PFSV-UY 2568169 /* */ 7386394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/arz/اليابانى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم === #[[Wt/arz/تورمالين|تورمالين]] [[Category:wt/arz]] nh04b721s7zgxox9ufjb2avzh09ptzw 0 3830810 7386395 2026-11-09T21:17:39Z PFSV-UY 2568169 /* */ 7386395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/arz/اليابانى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم === #[[]] [[Category:wt/arz]] 2zrt3t6n3g62155b2itfbncqcr1liej 7386398 7386395 2026-11-09T21:18:41Z PFSV-UY 2568169 7386398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/arz/اليابانى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم === #[[Wt/arz/كلب|كلب]] [[Category:wt/arz]] 94mkf82pw06h22w2gs163k6017ss3ld 0 3830811 7386396 2026-11-09T21:18:08Z PFSV-UY 2568169 /* */ 7386396 wikitext text/x-wiki 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*IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم === #[[Wt/arz/تورمالين|تورمالين]] {{Wt/arz/سويدى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم === #[[Wt/arz/تورمالين|تورمالين]] [[Category:wt/arz]] o6v4rqxprnat9cxkl8rydm09bvpgxhr 7386401 7386400 2026-11-09T21:21:45Z PFSV-UY 2568169 7386401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/arz/الاذرى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|[tuɾ.mɑˈlin]}} === اسم === #[[Wt/arz/تورمالين|تورمالين]] {{Wt/arz/المجرى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم === #[[Wt/arz/تورمالين|تورمالين]] {{Wt/arz/سويدى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم === #[[Wt/arz/تورمالين|تورمالين]] [[Category:wt/arz]] rgeqzrvuyq7n9ezelzxfhk0hx71flmu 7386402 7386401 2026-11-09T21:22:03Z PFSV-UY 2568169 /* اسم Template:Wt/arz/com */ 7386402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/arz/الاذرى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|[tuɾ.mɑˈlin]}} === اسم === #[[Wt/arz/تورمالين|تورمالين]] {{Wt/arz/المجرى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم === #[[Wt/arz/تورمالين|تورمالين]] {{Wt/arz/سويدى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|}} === اسم {{Wt/arz/c}} === #[[Wt/arz/تورمالين|تورمالين]] [[Category:wt/arz]] ns2gan3xtdplq9em7ntb7u4t1q8c3sk 0 3830813 7386403 2026-11-09T21:22:56Z PFSV-UY 2568169 /* */ 7386403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/arz/اليابانى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|[tuɾmɑˈlin], [duɾmɑˈlin]}} === اسم === #[[Wt/arz/تورمالين|تورمالين]] [[Category:wt/arz]] dqmf41xlcv6jdzbuouiz0wk2ry7gjxy 7386404 7386403 2026-11-09T21:23:23Z PFSV-UY 2568169 /* */ 7386404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/arz/الارمنلى}} === النطق === *IPA {{Wt/arz/IPA|[tuɾmɑˈlin], [duɾmɑˈlin]}} === اسم === #[[Wt/arz/تورمالين|تورمالين]] [[Category:wt/arz]] 6l61kam58yz248d97k88nlmwcuq0zxt 0 3830814 7386407 2026-11-09T22:30:56Z Muhaideen Faiz Brichini 2604229 Created page with "'''Osei Bonsu Amoah''' (ba dɔgʋʋ Aŋjɛlɩŋje beri pie nɩŋ anʋʋ, 1961) ɩyɛ [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] pɔlɩtɩɩsi era aŋ da paahɩ a [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] begimaalɩ de ayɔpoi a ko Akwapim Saaju deme aŋ be Istitin naa paalʋʋŋ a ko NPP sʋgʋ ne.[1][2][3][4][5]" 7386407 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osei Bonsu Amoah''' (ba dɔgʋʋ Aŋjɛlɩŋje beri pie nɩŋ anʋʋ, 1961) ɩyɛ [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] pɔlɩtɩɩsi era aŋ da paahɩ a [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] begimaalɩ de ayɔpoi a ko Akwapim Saaju deme aŋ be Istitin naa paalʋʋŋ a ko NPP sʋgʋ ne.[1][2][3][4][5] kfchazj5fwionrp3hqjsgtybfd95p40 7386408 7386407 2026-11-09T22:33:26Z Muhaideen Faiz Brichini 2604229 7386408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q35562144}} '''Osei Bonsu Amoah''' (ba dɔgʋʋ Aŋjɛlɩŋje beri pie nɩŋ anʋʋ, 1961) ɩyɛ [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] pɔlɩtɩɩsi era aŋ da paahɩ a [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] begimaalɩ de ayɔpoi a ko Akwapim Saaju deme aŋ be Istitin naa paalʋʋŋ a ko NPP sʋgʋ ne.[1][2][3][4][5] '''Bold text''' [[Category:Wp/wlx]] flmtep80zlmsf2r4f2fdmlw6v3a1hnp 7386409 7386408 2026-11-09T22:36:04Z Muhaideen Faiz Brichini 2604229 7386409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q35562144}} '''Osei Bonsu Amoah''' (ba dɔgʋʋ Aŋjɛlɩŋje beri pie nɩŋ anʋʋ, 1961) ɩyɛ [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] pɔlɩtɩɩsi era aŋ da paahɩ a [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] begimaalɩ de ayɔpoi a ko Akwapim Saaju deme aŋ be Istitin naa paalʋʋŋ a ko NPP sʋgʋ ne.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190924104720/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/deputy-ministers</ref><ref>http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/akufo-addo-releases-names-of-deputy-ministers-designate.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210108143328/https://yen.com.gh/90398-list-akufo-addos-50-deputy-ministers-news-ministers.html</ref><ref>http://citifmonline.com/2017/03/15/akufo-addo-names-50-deputies-4-ministers-of-state/</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/religion/Akufo-Addo-picks-deputy-ministers-511811</ref> == Tarɩjɩɩhi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] 25wky3kqnf1ekfqytuh03ylfggeymgu 0 3830815 7386412 2026-11-09T23:19:31Z Gazuma 2536608 Gazuma moved page [[Wp/ses/Saafune kulikoroo]] to [[Wp/ses/Kulikoro saafun]] 7386412 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/ses/Kulikoro saafun]] 88l2anpdw1qmrzdouw3hbddubozqhu1 0 3830816 7386413 2026-11-09T23:56:14Z Herreads 2703871 Created page with "Mohammad Natsir Datuk Sinaro Panjang kang urip ring 17 Juli 1908 - 6 Februari 1993 yoiku ulama, politikus, lan pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia. Iyane iku salah siji inisiator lan pemimpin Masyumi lan ugo tokoh islam kang terkenal ring Indonesia. Natsir diperintah ambi negoro, diuweni mandat dadi menteri sampek pernah dadi Perdana Menteri ke-5 Indonesia. Ning dunia Internasional, iyane oleh amanat pisan dadi Presiden Liga Muslim dunia lan dadi Ketua Dewan Masjid se- dunyo." 7386413 wikitext text/x-wiki Mohammad Natsir Datuk Sinaro Panjang kang urip ring 17 Juli 1908 - 6 Februari 1993 yoiku ulama, politikus, lan pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia. Iyane iku salah siji inisiator lan pemimpin Masyumi lan ugo tokoh islam kang terkenal ring Indonesia. Natsir diperintah ambi negoro, diuweni mandat dadi menteri sampek pernah dadi Perdana Menteri ke-5 Indonesia. Ning dunia Internasional, iyane oleh amanat pisan dadi Presiden Liga Muslim dunia lan dadi Ketua Dewan Masjid se- dunyo. 5u4ddsluxtrofpagn9jsxs308uni6iz 7386414 7386413 2026-11-10T00:01:45Z Herreads 2703871 7386414 wikitext text/x-wiki Mohammad Natsir Datuk Sinaro Panjang kang urip ring 17 Juli 1908 - 6 Februari 1993 yoiku ulama, politikus, lan pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia. Iyane iku salah siji inisiator lan pemimpin Masyumi lan ugo tokoh islam kang terkenal ring Indonesia. Natsir diperintah ambi negoro, diuweni mandat dadi menteri sampek pernah dadi Perdana Menteri ke-5 Indonesia. Ning dunia Internasional, iyane oleh amanat pisan dadi Presiden Liga Muslim dunia lan dadi Ketua Dewan Masjid se- dunyo. Natsir lair lan gedi ning Solok, sakdurunge pindah lan ngelanjutaken sekolah SMA lan mariku pisan belajar ilmu agama islam kang luas ning panggone kuliah. Iyane milu lan gabung ning politik ring pertengahan taun kiro-kiro 1930-an lan gabung ning partai politik kang nduweni ideologi isla,. Tanggal 5 September 1950, iyane diangkat dadi Perdana Menteri Indonesia nomor limo. Sakmarine iku, Natsir uluk sulung teko jabatane ring tanggal 26 April 1951 sebabe ono salah tompo antara iyane lan Presiden Soekarno. Iyane dadi tambah vokal nyuarakaken pentinge Islam ring Indonesia. Sakmarine Natsir milu dadi pemberontak ring PRRI, akhire ndadekaken iyane di penjara. 4avdqx3blhbwkdcdqnp6v095leiokm0 7386415 7386414 2026-11-10T00:02:58Z Herreads 2703871 7386415 wikitext text/x-wiki Mohammad Natsir Datuk Sinaro Panjang kang urip ring 17 Juli 1908 - 6 Februari 1993 yoiku ulama, politikus, lan pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia. Iyane iku salah siji inisiator lan pemimpin Masyumi lan ugo tokoh islam kang terkenal ring Indonesia. Natsir diperintah ambi negoro, diuweni mandat dadi menteri sampek pernah dadi Perdana Menteri ke-5 Indonesia. Ning dunia Internasional, iyane oleh amanat pisan dadi Presiden Liga Muslim dunia lan dadi Ketua Dewan Masjid se- dunyo. Natsir lair lan gedi ning Solok, sakdurunge pindah lan ngelanjutaken sekolah SMA lan mariku pisan belajar ilmu agama islam kang luas ning panggone kuliah. Iyane milu lan gabung ning politik ring pertengahan taun kiro-kiro 1930-an lan gabung ning partai politik kang nduweni ideologi isla,. Tanggal 5 September 1950, iyane diangkat dadi Perdana Menteri Indonesia nomor limo. Sakmarine iku, Natsir uluk sulung teko jabatane ring tanggal 26 April 1951 sebabe ono salah tompo antara iyane lan Presiden Soekarno. Iyane dadi tambah vokal nyuarakaken pentinge Islam ring Indonesia. Sakmarine Natsir milu dadi pemberontak ring PRRI, akhire ndadekaken iyane di penjara. Natsir dibebasaken teko penjara pas tahun 1966. Natsir terus ngopai masukan kanggo pemerintah kang saat itu Presiden e Soeharto sampek iyane pernah ditangkap. 3aqoxiya492r8xrzdtbiupi97gjvxln 7386416 7386415 2026-11-10T00:08:32Z Herreads 2703871 7386416 wikitext text/x-wiki Mohammad Natsir Datuk Sinaro Panjang kang urip ring 17 Juli 1908 - 6 Februari 1993 yoiku ulama, politikus, lan pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia. Iyane iku salah siji inisiator lan pemimpin Masyumi lan ugo tokoh islam kang terkenal ring Indonesia. Natsir diperintah ambi negoro, diuweni mandat dadi menteri sampek pernah dadi Perdana Menteri ke-5 Indonesia. Ning dunia Internasional, iyane oleh amanat pisan dadi Presiden Liga Muslim dunia lan dadi Ketua Dewan Masjid se- dunyo. Natsir lair lan gedi ning Solok, sakdurunge pindah lan ngelanjutaken sekolah SMA lan mariku pisan belajar ilmu agama islam kang luas ning panggone kuliah. Iyane milu lan gabung ning politik ring pertengahan taun kiro-kiro 1930-an lan gabung ning partai politik kang nduweni ideologi isla,. Tanggal 5 September 1950, iyane diangkat dadi Perdana Menteri Indonesia nomor limo. Sakmarine iku, Natsir uluk sulung teko jabatane ring tanggal 26 April 1951 sebabe ono salah tompo antara iyane lan Presiden Soekarno. Iyane dadi tambah vokal nyuarakaken pentinge Islam ring Indonesia. Sakmarine Natsir milu dadi pemberontak ring PRRI, akhire ndadekaken iyane di penjara. Natsir dibebasaken teko penjara pas tahun 1966. Natsir terus ngopai masukan kanggo pemerintah kang saat itu Presiden e Soeharto sampek iyane pernah ditangkap. Natsir akeh nulis tentang pandangan lan pemikiran Islam. Iyane aktif nulis ring majalah-majalah Islam sakwisi karyane kang pertama diterbitaken ring tahun 1929; sampek akhir uripe iyane wis nulis kiro-kiro petang puluh limo buku lan atusan tulisan kang liyo. Iyane nulih islam iku duduk bagian kang bisa dipisahaken teko budaya Indonesia. Iyane ngaku kecewa ambi perlakuan pemerintahane Soekarno lan Soeharto ning Islam. Waktu urip, iyane oleh penghargaan telu gelar doktor honoris causa, pertama teko Lebanon, kang nomor loro lan telu teko Malaysia. Ring tanggal 10 November 2008, Natsir dinobataken dadi pahlawan nasional indonesia. Natsir ugo dikenal dadi mentere kang seng duwe kelambi apik, jas e tambaltambalan. Iyane diingeti dadi menteri kang seng duwe umah lan seng gelem diopai hadiah montor kang mewah. jykdbeubso69dqmlkm7xbztl0hid874 7386417 7386416 2026-11-10T00:21:49Z Herreads 2703871 7386417 wikitext text/x-wiki Mohammad Natsir Datuk Sinaro Panjang kang urip ring 17 Juli 1908 - 6 Februari 1993 yoiku ulama, politikus, lan pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia. Iyane iku salah siji inisiator lan pemimpin Masyumi lan ugo tokoh islam kang terkenal ring Indonesia. Natsir diperintah ambi negoro, diuweni mandat dadi menteri sampek pernah dadi Perdana Menteri ke-5 Indonesia. Ning dunia Internasional, iyane oleh amanat pisan dadi Presiden Liga Muslim dunia lan dadi Ketua Dewan Masjid se- dunyo. Natsir lair lan gedi ning Solok, sakdurunge pindah lan ngelanjutaken sekolah SMA lan mariku pisan belajar ilmu agama islam kang luas ning panggone kuliah. Iyane milu lan gabung ning politik ring pertengahan taun kiro-kiro 1930-an lan gabung ning partai politik kang nduweni ideologi islam. Tanggal 5 September 1950, iyane diangkat dadi Perdana Menteri Indonesia nomor limo. Sakmarine iku, Natsir uluk sulung teko jabatane ring tanggal 26 April 1951 sebabe ono salah tompo antara iyane lan Presiden Soekarno. Iyane dadi tambah vokal nyuarakaken pentinge Islam ring Indonesia. Sakmarine Natsir milu dadi pemberontak ring PRRI, akhire ndadekaken iyane di penjara. Natsir dibebasaken teko penjara pas tahun 1966. Natsir terus ngopai masukan kanggo pemerintah kang saat itu Presiden e Soeharto sampek iyane pernah ditangkap. Natsir akeh nulis tentang pandangan lan pemikiran Islam. Iyane aktif nulis ring majalah-majalah Islam sakwisi karyane kang pertama diterbitaken ring tahun 1929; sampek akhir uripe iyane wis nulis kiro-kiro petang puluh limo buku lan atusan tulisan kang liyo. Iyane nulih islam iku duduk bagian kang bisa dipisahaken teko budaya Indonesia. Iyane ngaku kecewa ambi perlakuan pemerintahane Soekarno lan Soeharto ning Islam. Waktu urip, iyane oleh penghargaan telu gelar doktor honoris causa, pertama teko Lebanon, kang nomor loro lan telu teko Malaysia. Ring tanggal 10 November 2008, Natsir dinobataken dadi pahlawan nasional indonesia. Natsir ugo dikenal dadi mentere kang seng duwe kelambi apik, jas e tambaltambalan. Iyane diingeti dadi menteri kang seng duwe umah lan seng gelem diopai hadiah montor kang mewah. == Urip == Mohammad Natsir dilairaken ning Aahan Panjang, Lembah Gumanti, Solok, ring tanggal 17 Juli 1908 teko pasangan Mohammad Idris Sutan Saripado lan Khadijah. Waktu mageh cilik, Natsir lan keluargane urip nong umae Sutan Rajo Ameh, wong saudagar kopi kang terkenal ning kono. Ambi kang nduwe umah, umah iku mau dibagi dadi rong bagian. Kang duwe umah ambi keluargane netep ning pinggir kiwo lan Mohammad Isris Sutan Saripado netep ning pinggir tengen. Iyane nduweni dulur kandung akehe telu, arane yoiku Yukinan, Rubiah, lan Johanizoen. Jabatan terakhir kang diduweni Bapake yoiku dadi pegawai pemerintah nong Alahan Panjang. Mbah lanang e dadi ulama. Iyane ring masa depan dadi g7dfxs5kex946lwzcirn3krsadpkx6u 7386418 7386417 2026-11-10T00:22:50Z Herreads 2703871 7386418 wikitext text/x-wiki Mohammad Natsir Datuk Sinaro Panjang kang urip ring 17 Juli 1908 - 6 Februari 1993 yoiku ulama, politikus, lan pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia. Iyane iku salah siji inisiator lan pemimpin Masyumi lan ugo tokoh islam kang terkenal ring Indonesia. Natsir diperintah ambi negoro, diuweni mandat dadi menteri sampek pernah dadi Perdana Menteri ke-5 Indonesia. Ning dunia Internasional, iyane oleh amanat pisan dadi Presiden Liga Muslim dunia lan dadi Ketua Dewan Masjid se- dunyo. Natsir lair lan gedi ning Solok, sakdurunge pindah lan ngelanjutaken sekolah SMA lan mariku pisan belajar ilmu agama islam kang luas ning panggone kuliah. Iyane milu lan gabung ning politik ring pertengahan taun kiro-kiro 1930-an lan gabung ning partai politik kang nduweni ideologi islam. Tanggal 5 September 1950, iyane diangkat dadi Perdana Menteri Indonesia nomor limo. Sakmarine iku, Natsir uluk sulung teko jabatane ring tanggal 26 April 1951 sebabe ono salah tompo antara iyane lan Presiden Soekarno. Iyane dadi tambah vokal nyuarakaken pentinge Islam ring Indonesia. Sakmarine Natsir milu dadi pemberontak ring PRRI, akhire ndadekaken iyane di penjara. Natsir dibebasaken teko penjara pas tahun 1966. Natsir terus ngopai masukan kanggo pemerintah kang saat itu Presiden e Soeharto sampek iyane pernah ditangkap. Natsir akeh nulis tentang pandangan lan pemikiran Islam. Iyane aktif nulis ring majalah-majalah Islam sakwisi karyane kang pertama diterbitaken ring tahun 1929; sampek akhir uripe iyane wis nulis kiro-kiro petang puluh limo buku lan atusan tulisan kang liyo. Iyane nulih islam iku duduk bagian kang bisa dipisahaken teko budaya Indonesia. Iyane ngaku kecewa ambi perlakuan pemerintahane Soekarno lan Soeharto ning Islam. Waktu urip, iyane oleh penghargaan telu gelar doktor honoris causa, pertama teko Lebanon, kang nomor loro lan telu teko Malaysia. Ring tanggal 10 November 2008, Natsir dinobataken dadi pahlawan nasional indonesia. Natsir ugo dikenal dadi mentere kang seng duwe kelambi apik, jas e tambaltambalan. Iyane diingeti dadi menteri kang seng duwe umah lan seng gelem diopai hadiah montor kang mewah. == Urip == Mohammad Natsir dilairaken ning Aahan Panjang, Lembah Gumanti, Solok, ring tanggal 17 Juli 1908 teko pasangan Mohammad Idris Sutan Saripado lan Khadijah. Waktu mageh cilik, Natsir lan keluargane urip nong umae Sutan Rajo Ameh, wong saudagar kopi kang terkenal ning kono. Ambi kang nduwe umah, umah iku mau dibagi dadi rong bagian. Kang duwe umah ambi keluargane netep ning pinggir kiwo lan Mohammad Isris Sutan Saripado netep ning pinggir tengen. Iyane nduweni dulur kandung akehe telu, arane yoiku Yukinan, Rubiah, lan Johanizoen. Jabatan terakhir kang diduweni Bapake yoiku dadi pegawai pemerintah nong Alahan Panjang. Mbah lanang e dadi ulama. Iyane ring masa depan dadi wong tuwek nggo golongane kang teko Maninjau, Tanjung Raya, Agam kang nduweni gelar Datuk Sinaro nan Panjang. kikmdyvdrwsgif7ake17qv6ugbiynia 7386419 7386418 2026-11-10T00:53:15Z Herreads 2703871 7386419 wikitext text/x-wiki Mohammad Natsir Datuk Sinaro Panjang kang urip ring 17 Juli 1908 - 6 Februari 1993 yoiku ulama, politikus, lan pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia. Iyane iku salah siji inisiator lan pemimpin Masyumi lan ugo tokoh islam kang terkenal ring Indonesia. Natsir diperintah ambi negoro, diuweni mandat dadi menteri sampek pernah dadi Perdana Menteri ke-5 Indonesia. Ning dunia Internasional, iyane oleh amanat pisan dadi Presiden Liga Muslim dunia lan dadi Ketua Dewan Masjid se- dunyo. Natsir lair lan gedi ning Solok, sakdurunge pindah lan ngelanjutaken sekolah SMA lan mariku pisan belajar ilmu agama islam kang luas ning panggone kuliah. Iyane milu lan gabung ning politik ring pertengahan taun kiro-kiro 1930-an lan gabung ning partai politik kang nduweni ideologi islam. Tanggal 5 September 1950, iyane diangkat dadi Perdana Menteri Indonesia nomor limo. Sakmarine iku, Natsir uluk sulung teko jabatane ring tanggal 26 April 1951 sebabe ono salah tompo antara iyane lan Presiden Soekarno. Iyane dadi tambah vokal nyuarakaken pentinge Islam ring Indonesia. Sakmarine Natsir milu dadi pemberontak ring PRRI, akhire ndadekaken iyane di penjara. Natsir dibebasaken teko penjara pas tahun 1966. Natsir terus ngopai masukan kanggo pemerintah kang saat itu Presiden e Soeharto sampek iyane pernah ditangkap. Natsir akeh nulis tentang pandangan lan pemikiran Islam. Iyane aktif nulis ring majalah-majalah Islam sakwisi karyane kang pertama diterbitaken ring tahun 1929; sampek akhir uripe iyane wis nulis kiro-kiro petang puluh limo buku lan atusan tulisan kang liyo. Iyane nulih islam iku duduk bagian kang bisa dipisahaken teko budaya Indonesia. Iyane ngaku kecewa ambi perlakuan pemerintahane Soekarno lan Soeharto ning Islam. Waktu urip, iyane oleh penghargaan telu gelar doktor honoris causa, pertama teko Lebanon, kang nomor loro lan telu teko Malaysia. Ring tanggal 10 November 2008, Natsir dinobataken dadi pahlawan nasional indonesia. Natsir ugo dikenal dadi mentere kang seng duwe kelambi apik, jas e tambaltambalan. Iyane diingeti dadi menteri kang seng duwe umah lan seng gelem diopai hadiah montor kang mewah. == Urip == Mohammad Natsir dilairaken ning Aahan Panjang, Lembah Gumanti, Solok, ring tanggal 17 Juli 1908 teko pasangan Mohammad Idris Sutan Saripado lan Khadijah. Waktu mageh cilik, Natsir lan keluargane urip nong umae Sutan Rajo Ameh, wong saudagar kopi kang terkenal ning kono. Ambi kang nduwe umah, umah iku mau dibagi dadi rong bagian. Kang duwe umah ambi keluargane netep ning pinggir kiwo lan Mohammad Isris Sutan Saripado netep ning pinggir tengen. Iyane nduweni dulur kandung akehe telu, arane yoiku Yukinan, Rubiah, lan Johanizoen. Jabatan terakhir kang diduweni Bapake yoiku dadi pegawai pemerintah nong Alahan Panjang. Mbah lanang e dadi ulama. Iyane ring masa depan dadi wong tuwek nggo golongane kang teko Maninjau, Tanjung Raya, Agam kang nduweni gelar Datuk Sinaro nan Panjang. b1d50dmjao598izmc64kh83gulz0lug 0 3830817 7386434 2026-11-10T01:39:19Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krapo Yon bèt ki renmen viv nan imidite, kote ki mouye, kote ki gen dlo. Bèt sa kapab viv lontan kote ki pa gen imidite tou. Gen krapo ki viv nan dlo e yo manje ti pwason avèk ti koulèv. Sa ki viv sou tè yo manje ti ensèk.}}" 7386434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krapo Yon bèt ki renmen viv nan imidite, kote ki mouye, kote ki gen dlo. Bèt sa kapab viv lontan kote ki pa gen imidite tou. Gen krapo ki viv nan dlo e yo manje ti pwason avèk ti koulèv. Sa ki viv sou tè yo manje ti ensèk.}} j9vms6xy29eix1zgkddv3t80xc38mc5 0 3830818 7386437 2026-11-10T01:52:01Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kras Pousyè ki poze sou yon kò epi ki kole sou kò sa a tankou li kontribye nan konstitisyon kò a. Kras kapab shanje koulè yon lòt bagay. Kras sou kò moun sanble avèk yon tash nwa. Ti Kras, Yon ti pati nan yon bagay.}}" 7386437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kras Pousyè ki poze sou yon kò epi ki kole sou kò sa a tankou li kontribye nan konstitisyon kò a. Kras kapab shanje koulè yon lòt bagay. Kras sou kò moun sanble avèk yon tash nwa. Ti Kras, Yon ti pati nan yon bagay.}} 5evumm2o13sm1gfremu9yr11ug3pemm 7386438 7386437 2026-11-10T01:54:21Z Chersie06 2594754 7386438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kras Pousyè ki poze sou yon kò epi ki kole sou kò sa a tankou li kontribye nan konstitisyon kò a. Kras kapab shanje koulè yon lòt bagay. Kras sou kò moun sanble avèk yon tash nwa. Ti Kras, Yon ti pati nan yon bagay.|egzanp=Dlo a plen kras anba l.}} 9kgjt9zrx0ub2hvipkkqqo1g181ryms 0 3830819 7386439 2026-11-10T01:57:05Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kraze Monte sou yon bagay epi fè li pèdi fòm orijinal li te genyen an. Sa depan de materyèl ki antre nan konstitisyon yon bagay, lè li kraze, moso yo kapab separe ou byen rete ansanm. Mete yon bagay lou sou yon bagay ki pi fay.}}" 7386439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kraze Monte sou yon bagay epi fè li pèdi fòm orijinal li te genyen an. Sa depan de materyèl ki antre nan konstitisyon yon bagay, lè li kraze, moso yo kapab separe ou byen rete ansanm. Mete yon bagay lou sou yon bagay ki pi fay.}} imqs1v53bmothkbmimc8imoeziiw1f3 7386440 7386439 2026-11-10T02:00:21Z Chersie06 2594754 7386440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kraze Monte sou yon bagay epi fè li pèdi fòm orijinal li te genyen an. Sa depan de materyèl ki antre nan konstitisyon yon bagay, lè li kraze, moso yo kapab separe ou byen rete ansanm. Mete yon bagay lou sou yon bagay ki pi fay.|egzanp=Holy kraze tout veso ki nan kay la.}} 6kq7os2ef4cwt5a6crzafqpctkftr3n 0 3830820 7386441 2026-11-10T02:02:55Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krazè Yon bagay pi lou ki okipe plas sou yon lòt bagay fay. Lide, nan tèt moun, ki fè yo panse fi toujou anba gason lè yo koushe sou kabann.}}" 7386441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krazè Yon bagay pi lou ki okipe plas sou yon lòt bagay fay. Lide, nan tèt moun, ki fè yo panse fi toujou anba gason lè yo koushe sou kabann.}} 1ze0tevc6yq4uk9vocpwmyho1t7i9cu 7386442 7386441 2026-11-10T02:03:42Z Chersie06 2594754 7386442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krazè Yon bagay pi lou ki okipe plas sou yon lòt bagay fay. Lide, nan tèt moun, ki fè yo panse fi toujou anba gason lè yo kouche sou kabann.}} jpltzkxbw2t1578g4riafg12eymj5nq 0 3830821 7386443 2026-11-10T02:06:01Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krèm Kèk medikaman mou pwodiktè yo mete nan yon bwat mou pou moun kapab peze bwat la lè yo bezwen yon ti kras nan medikaman an soti nan bwat la. Yon desè ki fèt avèk lèt e plizyè fri. Kim ki soti nan anpil pati nan kò tankou boush moun ki pale anpil.}}" 7386443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krèm Kèk medikaman mou pwodiktè yo mete nan yon bwat mou pou moun kapab peze bwat la lè yo bezwen yon ti kras nan medikaman an soti nan bwat la. Yon desè ki fèt avèk lèt e plizyè fri. Kim ki soti nan anpil pati nan kò tankou boush moun ki pale anpil.}} s3uwh4egfy3cfgiq3cjyc53qb20dqxw 7386444 7386443 2026-11-10T02:07:13Z Chersie06 2594754 7386444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krèm Kèk medikaman mou pwodiktè yo mete nan yon bwat mou pou moun kapab peze bwat la lè yo bezwen yon ti kras nan medikaman an soti nan bwat la. Yon desè ki fèt avèk lèt e plizyè fri. Kim ki soti nan anpil pati nan kò tankou bouch moun ki pale anpil.}} hfd5goadw410finuvhf4q3lbms9wk15 7386447 7386444 2026-11-10T02:14:10Z Chersie06 2594754 7386447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krèm Kèk medikaman mou pwodiktè yo mete nan yon bwat mou pou moun kapab peze bwat la lè yo bezwen yon ti kras nan medikaman an soti nan bwat la. Yon desè ki fèt avèk lèt e plizyè fri. Kim ki soti nan anpil pati nan kò tankou bouch moun ki pale anpil.|egzanp=Krèm ketokonazòl bon pou bouton.}} 80glly1jr9brllu3heuo28qu95gz0j3 0 3830822 7386445 2026-11-10T02:07:37Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: wong kang bisa nyawiji marang apa lan sapa wae {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386445 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: wong kang bisa nyawiji marang apa lan sapa wae {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] f73n08q51jemzhcwkofw966oja2poyx 7386448 7386445 2026-11-10T02:14:47Z Candramawa99 2604176 7386448 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: wong kang bisa nyawiji marang apa lan sapa wae<ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] 44kf77wdlefhhu2o4feut669rs6yxyq 0 3830823 7386446 2026-11-10T02:14:10Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: tenggang rasa utawa kemampuan kanggo ngrasakake lan nempake awake dhewe ing posisi wong liya <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: tenggang rasa utawa kemampuan kanggo ngrasakake lan nempake awake dhewe ing posisi wong liya <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] 6djq794e9g2ngmwjbfzbk1e36ess1eb 0 3830824 7386449 2026-11-10T02:15:35Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krèt Yon pwent ki monte dwat anlè. Yon do mòn gèrye itilize pou yo kapab wè énmi ki ap pwoshe sou yo. Yon ti pwent ki sanble avèk yon ti do mòn sou anlè ouvèti koko yon femèl, yon fi.}}" 7386449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krèt Yon pwent ki monte dwat anlè. Yon do mòn gèrye itilize pou yo kapab wè énmi ki ap pwoshe sou yo. Yon ti pwent ki sanble avèk yon ti do mòn sou anlè ouvèti koko yon femèl, yon fi.}} 0tz4vpw9tnfsltgo0di53xvj0y8ilmj 7386451 7386449 2026-11-10T02:18:46Z Chersie06 2594754 7386451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krèt Yon pwent ki monte dwat anlè. Yon do mòn gèrye itilize pou yo kapab wè énmi ki ap pwoche sou yo. Yon ti pwent ki sanble avèk yon ti do mòn sou anlè ouvèti koko yon femèl, yon fi.}} cctlxb28bk96zotzv1h56616ulcwmjq 7386453 7386451 2026-11-10T02:19:45Z Chersie06 2594754 7386453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krèt Yon pwent ki monte dwat anlè. Yon do mòn gèrye itilize pou yo kapab wè énmi ki ap pwoche sou yo. Yon ti pwent ki sanble avèk yon ti do mòn sou anlè ouvèti koko yon femèl, yon fi.|egzanp=Krèt poul la toujou ap bat.}} mmtsb8vpg86i0fxt898r2ck1e2mfyd1 0 3830825 7386450 2026-11-10T02:17:19Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: manungsa aja gampang gumedhe utawa rumangsa paling pinter lan paling bisa <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: manungsa aja gampang gumedhe utawa rumangsa paling pinter lan paling bisa <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] g6z7gaxbpkxtpdhmb7kyfjxt7cdv5lr 0 3830826 7386452 2026-11-10T02:19:25Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: tansah bisa njaga tata krama, tumindak, lan omongane. Sanajan sawijining perkara bisa ditindakake utawa diucapake, nanging kudu tetep nggatekake unggah-ungguh, kahanan, lan pangrasane wong liya <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: tansah bisa njaga tata krama, tumindak, lan omongane. Sanajan sawijining perkara bisa ditindakake utawa diucapake, nanging kudu tetep nggatekake unggah-ungguh, kahanan, lan pangrasane wong liya <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] b9wtf7gqqiyruozivytmh3e0x53u5yi 0 3830827 7386457 2026-11-10T02:23:15Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: sanajan ana rasa ora sarujuk utawa prakara kang kurang nyenengake, tetep diandharake kanthi becik lan kebak unggah-ungguh supaya ora nglarani atine wong liya <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386457 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: sanajan ana rasa ora sarujuk utawa prakara kang kurang nyenengake, tetep diandharake kanthi becik lan kebak unggah-ungguh supaya ora nglarani atine wong liya <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] s4ko55voaqxtd3tcdlf9v9tb48dexen 0 3830828 7386458 2026-11-10T02:23:47Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreve Rantre pwent yon bagay nan yon kò. Fouye yon tou nan yon bagay ki te fèt pou rete san tou sa a. Fòse zozo yon gason rantre nan koko yon femèl pou premye fwa nan lavi femèl la. Shire.}}" 7386458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreve Rantre pwent yon bagay nan yon kò. Fouye yon tou nan yon bagay ki te fèt pou rete san tou sa a. Fòse zozo yon gason rantre nan koko yon femèl pou premye fwa nan lavi femèl la. Shire.}} 7n138cwpk0r47pq80pwntvgdi78iniu 7386459 7386458 2026-11-10T02:24:11Z Chersie06 2594754 7386459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreve Rantre pwent yon bagay nan yon kò. Fouye yon tou nan yon bagay ki te fèt pou rete san tou sa a. Fòse zozo yon gason rantre nan koko yon femèl pou premye fwa nan lavi femèl la. chire.}} ltxpfcytzaq4wy1geqiw3t0aa1vkkaz 7386460 7386459 2026-11-10T02:24:52Z Chersie06 2594754 7386460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreve Rantre pwent yon bagay nan yon kò. Fouye yon tou nan yon bagay ki te fèt pou rete san tou sa a. Fòse zozo yon gason rantre nan koko yon femèl pou premye fwa nan lavi femèl la. chire.|egzanp=Pitit Kawona poko kreve .}} bh72jtt321b5f38p6u4kjj7lcgaqaj0 0 3830829 7386461 2026-11-10T02:25:34Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: bisa ngurmati lan nggatekake samubarang, sanajan katon cilik utawa sepele. Perkara cilik kudu dirumat lan ditangani kanthi tliti, dene perkara gedhe kudu disikapi kanthi wicaksana lan tanggung jawab <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: bisa ngurmati lan nggatekake samubarang, sanajan katon cilik utawa sepele. Perkara cilik kudu dirumat lan ditangani kanthi tliti, dene perkara gedhe kudu disikapi kanthi wicaksana lan tanggung jawab <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] f1ps67q5qc51qdk3rtdt3ri1dlf5u0s 0 3830830 7386462 2026-11-10T02:27:51Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krevè Moun ki kreve yon femèl, yon bagay.}}" 7386462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krevè Moun ki kreve yon femèl, yon bagay.}} knhomazfnrilfbuphmntf5omtsie8ja 7386464 7386462 2026-11-10T02:28:46Z Chersie06 2594754 7386464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krevè Moun ki kreve yon femèl, yon bagay.|egzanp=Gran papa m sete yon krevè nan vil la.}} mka568nkuudds4m8cpcoouyfnb00t8d 0 3830831 7386463 2026-11-10T02:28:01Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: ngopeni lan njaga samubarang utawa wong kanthi kebak kawigaten lan katresnan <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: ngopeni lan njaga samubarang utawa wong kanthi kebak kawigaten lan katresnan <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] hr6mjsqg8j841dpfdr6go7yrp7wqtpa 0 3830832 7386465 2026-11-10T02:29:39Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreyatè Moun ki kreye yon bagay, Bondye.}}" 7386465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreyatè Moun ki kreye yon bagay, Bondye.}} 38h2seg9nmluvlnkx6ol4f1gptlzibg 7386466 7386465 2026-11-10T02:30:23Z Chersie06 2594754 7386466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreyatè Moun ki kreye yon bagay, Bondye.|egzanp=Bondye ki kreye syel la ak te a.}} oqnbquqz8aa7ijl63tkrixko7ve4d8r 7386467 7386466 2026-11-10T02:30:55Z Chersie06 2594754 7386467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreyatè Moun ki kreye yon bagay, Bondye.|egzanp=Bondye ki kreye syèl la ak te a.}} mkn69h6hoxz08fwhjs0dxnx8teyrpr0 7386468 7386467 2026-11-10T02:31:20Z Chersie06 2594754 7386468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreyatè Moun ki kreye yon bagay, Bondye.|egzanp=Bondye ki kreye syèl la ak tè a.}} qyhhhyqhzazxoniz5hf38c6oyfd3eu8 0 3830833 7386469 2026-11-10T02:31:26Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: wong sing seneng ngomong utawa menehi pitutur kanthi dawa lan bola-bali, nganti kaya ora ana enteke. <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: wong sing seneng ngomong utawa menehi pitutur kanthi dawa lan bola-bali, nganti kaya ora ana enteke. <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] 53wgw8zb6a2ypoul1a30pwdo3u341gp 0 3830834 7386470 2026-11-10T02:32:24Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: nandur kabecikan kanthi tulus lan sabar, sing ing tembé bakal ngasilaké woh utawa piwales kabecikan. <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386470 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: nandur kabecikan kanthi tulus lan sabar, sing ing tembé bakal ngasilaké woh utawa piwales kabecikan. <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] 76zbyab380as5fptxz5y6yyo8zw3xx2 0 3830835 7386473 2026-11-10T02:33:58Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: gegambaran manunggaling kawula lan Gusti, utawa sesambungan kang raket banget antarane rong prakara nganti kaya wis dadi siji. <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: gegambaran manunggaling kawula lan Gusti, utawa sesambungan kang raket banget antarane rong prakara nganti kaya wis dadi siji. <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] bvf3bx4z8lv3d9wr0qsa4jg3u7b65tg 0 3830836 7386475 2026-11-10T02:34:51Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: kahanan manunggaling kawula lan Gusti, yaiku nyawijining jiwa manungsa karo Gusti Kang Maha Kuwasa. <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: kahanan manunggaling kawula lan Gusti, yaiku nyawijining jiwa manungsa karo Gusti Kang Maha Kuwasa. <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] qyo12e9pwhdcte0h6z8vgujr02ejuad 0 3830837 7386476 2026-11-10T02:35:51Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreyòl Moun ki fèt e grandi nan yon peyi. Plizyè lang moun pale nan plizyè peyi ki te pase anba esklavaj nan ansyen koloni yo. Esklav yo pate kapab konprann lang mèt yo, kolon yo te ap pale; konsa yo di mo yo nan fason pa yo e tout esklav parèy yo entèprete mo yo menm jan moun ki di mo a te konprann li. Yonn konprann lòt yo kontinye pale konsa. Kreyòl Ayisyen, Yon lang ki soti nan defòmasyon mo twa lòt lang: Anglè, Espanyòl, Fra..." 7386476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreyòl Moun ki fèt e grandi nan yon peyi. Plizyè lang moun pale nan plizyè peyi ki te pase anba esklavaj nan ansyen koloni yo. Esklav yo pate kapab konprann lang mèt yo, kolon yo te ap pale; konsa yo di mo yo nan fason pa yo e tout esklav parèy yo entèprete mo yo menm jan moun ki di mo a te konprann li. Yonn konprann lòt yo kontinye pale konsa. Kreyòl Ayisyen, Yon lang ki soti nan defòmasyon mo twa lòt lang: Anglè, Espanyòl, Fransè. Prèske shak santèn moun nan popilasyon peyi Ayiti a pale Kreyòl, men lang sa a se yonn nan de lang ofisyèl peyi a, sou kote Fransè.}} 1419g5j2mxo389wy8csqgiasmloxag9 7386477 7386476 2026-11-10T02:37:13Z Chersie06 2594754 7386477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreyòl Moun ki fèt e grandi nan yon peyi. Plizyè lang moun pale nan plizyè peyi ki te pase anba esklavaj nan ansyen koloni yo. Esklav yo pate kapab konprann lang mèt yo, kolon yo te ap pale; konsa yo di mo yo nan fason pa yo e tout esklav parèy yo entèprete mo yo menm jan moun ki di mo a te konprann li. Yonn konprann lòt yo kontinye pale konsa. Kreyòl Ayisyen, Yon lang ki soti nan defòmasyon mo twa lòt lang: Anglè, Espanyòl, Fransè. Prèske shak santèn moun nan popilasyon peyi Ayiti a pale Kreyòl, men lang sa a se yonn nan de lang ofisyèl peyi a, sou kote Fransè.|egzanp=Lang kreyol la se lang zanset nou yo te pale.}} nwmg7sy0fpbopx9q1th8bz5iv7jlcfw 7386479 7386477 2026-11-10T02:37:47Z Chersie06 2594754 7386479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreyòl Moun ki fèt e grandi nan yon peyi. Plizyè lang moun pale nan plizyè peyi ki te pase anba esklavaj nan ansyen koloni yo. Esklav yo pate kapab konprann lang mèt yo, kolon yo te ap pale; konsa yo di mo yo nan fason pa yo e tout esklav parèy yo entèprete mo yo menm jan moun ki di mo a te konprann li. Yonn konprann lòt yo kontinye pale konsa. Kreyòl Ayisyen, Yon lang ki soti nan defòmasyon mo twa lòt lang: Anglè, Espanyòl, Fransè. Prèske shak santèn moun nan popilasyon peyi Ayiti a pale Kreyòl, men lang sa a se yonn nan de lang ofisyèl peyi a, sou kote Fransè.|egzanp=Lang kreyol la se lang zansèt nou yo te pale.}} a22zltlp57qt6poqwlrt7nk8rpvufgj 7386480 7386479 2026-11-10T02:38:56Z Chersie06 2594754 7386480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreyòl Moun ki fèt e grandi nan yon peyi. Plizyè lang moun pale nan plizyè peyi ki te pase anba esklavaj nan ansyen koloni yo. Esklav yo pate kapab konprann lang mèt yo, kolon yo te ap pale; konsa yo di mo yo nan fason pa yo e tout esklav parèy yo entèprete mo yo menm jan moun ki di mo a te konprann li. Yonn konprann lòt yo kontinye pale konsa. Kreyòl Ayisyen, Yon lang ki soti nan defòmasyon mo twa lòt lang: Anglè, Espanyòl, Fransè. Prèske shak santèn moun nan popilasyon peyi Ayiti a pale Kreyòl, men lang sa a se yonn nan de lang ofisyèl peyi a, sou kote Fransè.|egzanp=Lang kreyòl la se lang zansèt nou yo te pale.}} ig7ih8icjv330ieyieew25igxh1kqr9 7386481 7386480 2026-11-10T02:40:15Z Chersie06 2594754 7386481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kreyòl Moun ki fèt e grandi nan yon peyi. Plizyè lang moun pale nan plizyè peyi ki te pase anba esklavaj nan ansyen koloni yo. Esklav yo pate kapab konprann lang mèt yo, kolon yo te ap pale; konsa yo di mo yo nan fason pa yo e tout esklav parèy yo entèprete mo yo menm jan moun ki di mo a te konprann li. Yonn konprann lòt yo kontinye pale konsa. Kreyòl Ayisyen, Yon lang ki soti nan defòmasyon mo twa lòt lang: Anglè, Espanyòl, Fransè. Prèske chak santèn moun nan popilasyon peyi Ayiti a pale Kreyòl, men lang sa a se yonn nan de lang ofisyèl peyi a, sou kote Fransè.|egzanp=Lang kreyòl la se lang zansèt nou yo te pale.}} 78my423mgin7vwvpkbxs4fv8cgngldr 0 3830838 7386478 2026-11-10T02:37:16Z Candramawa99 2604176 Created page with "'''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: sanajan manungsa katon béda-béda saka njaba, nanging sejatiné nduwèni rasa lan hakikat kamanungsan sing padha, mula ora kena mbédak-mbédakaké sapadha-padha. <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]]" 7386478 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''{{PAGENAME}}.''''' * Tegesé: sanajan manungsa katon béda-béda saka njaba, nanging sejatiné nduwèni rasa lan hakikat kamanungsan sing padha, mula ora kena mbédak-mbédakaké sapadha-padha. <ref>Iman Budhi Santosa, ''Nasihat-Nasihat Hidup Orang Jawa'', Yogyakarta: Noktah, 2021.</ref> {{Wq/jv/Paribasan Jawa}} [[Category:Wq/jv]] 59u2n3kkwteqnzj63ueui9ex35qah4f 0 3830839 7386485 2026-11-10T02:46:16Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krim Move aksyon yon moun, tankou touye yon lòt moun, vòlè bagay yon lòt moun posede, ki ale nan direksyon opoze avèk lalwa.}}" 7386485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krim Move aksyon yon moun, tankou touye yon lòt moun, vòlè bagay yon lòt moun posede, ki ale nan direksyon opoze avèk lalwa.}} fo41h0bq7fsuhxrvlcczb0j4dpynf18 7386486 7386485 2026-11-10T02:47:07Z Chersie06 2594754 7386486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krim Move aksyon yon moun, tankou touye yon lòt moun, vòlè bagay yon lòt moun posede, ki ale nan direksyon opoze avèk lalwa.|egzanp=Bandi yo toujou ap tire moun anba bal lavil la,}} r080u3f6oq01ub7kazt9v8mpositorb 7386487 7386486 2026-11-10T02:47:27Z Chersie06 2594754 7386487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Krim Move aksyon yon moun, tankou touye yon lòt moun, vòlè bagay yon lòt moun posede, ki ale nan direksyon opoze avèk lalwa.|egzanp=Bandi yo toujou ap tire moun anba bal lavil la.}} 8py4ut53saquhq8ueqpwqn82tnyvpwg 0 3830840 7386488 2026-11-10T02:51:19Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kritik Opinyon yon moun sou rezilta travay yon lòt moun. Yon kritik kapab pozitif ou byen negatif. Yon moun ki kritike rezilta travay yon lòt moun ede moun nan fè travay la, yon lòt travay pi byen.}}" 7386488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kritik Opinyon yon moun sou rezilta travay yon lòt moun. Yon kritik kapab pozitif ou byen negatif. Yon moun ki kritike rezilta travay yon lòt moun ede moun nan fè travay la, yon lòt travay pi byen.}} d9nxmcuprq7tpnhjukfmk92g12vl881 7386489 7386488 2026-11-10T02:53:05Z Chersie06 2594754 7386489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kritik Opinyon yon moun sou rezilta travay yon lòt moun. Yon kritik kapab pozitif ou byen negatif. Yon moun ki kritike rezilta travay yon lòt moun ede moun nan fè travay la, yon lòt travay pi byen.|egzanp=Kritik yo toujou enpotan nan aktivite yo.}} jnzucfzeql79uq2kzush5pvaa23eos6 7386490 7386489 2026-11-10T02:55:29Z Chersie06 2594754 7386490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kritik Opinyon yon moun sou rezilta travay yon lòt moun. Yon kritik kapab pozitif ou byen negatif. Yon moun ki kritike rezilta travay yon lòt moun ede moun nan fè travay la, yon lòt travay pi byen.|egzanp=Kritik yo toujou enpòtan apre aktivite yo.}} 625kwaiz1fut936m4lsx49ct78bln6j 0 3830841 7386491 2026-11-10T02:56:47Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kritike Shashe mete verite rezilta travay yon moun klè pou tout lòt moun kapab konprann li. Bay yon opinyon sou travay yon moun. Pale byen, mal de pèsonalite yon moun.}}" 7386491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kritike Shashe mete verite rezilta travay yon moun klè pou tout lòt moun kapab konprann li. Bay yon opinyon sou travay yon moun. Pale byen, mal de pèsonalite yon moun.}} 7iuo6677luz9tepzgussp7qlih9r3qe 7386492 7386491 2026-11-10T02:57:10Z Chersie06 2594754 7386492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kritike chashe mete verite rezilta travay yon moun klè pou tout lòt moun kapab konprann li. Bay yon opinyon sou travay yon moun. Pale byen, mal de pèsonalite yon moun.}} mlh0ugv21f1lnmalqhakf1n0ensgdf8 7386493 7386492 2026-11-10T02:57:32Z Chersie06 2594754 7386493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kritike chache mete verite rezilta travay yon moun klè pou tout lòt moun kapab konprann li. Bay yon opinyon sou travay yon moun. Pale byen, mal de pèsonalite yon moun.}} hdaw9n9hn05od1v8y5o2273hq00gj8f 7386494 7386493 2026-11-10T02:58:28Z Chersie06 2594754 7386494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kritike chache mete verite rezilta travay yon moun klè pou tout lòt moun kapab konprann li. Bay yon opinyon sou travay yon moun. Pale byen, mal de pèsonalite yon moun.|egzanp=Moun sa yo toujou ap pale prezidan.}} 7u2890ybko9lnw0ar0c0raanvg4yq9j 0 3830842 7386495 2026-11-10T03:00:50Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kriye Moman yon moun gen dlo ki ap soti nan je li. Gen anpil reson ki fè yon moun kriye tankou lapenn, doulè, kontantman e latriye.}}" 7386495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kriye Moman yon moun gen dlo ki ap soti nan je li. Gen anpil reson ki fè yon moun kriye tankou lapenn, doulè, kontantman e latriye.}} mswfcb0yvglxkqko7bz7ck8kxgayhdz 7386496 7386495 2026-11-10T03:01:39Z Chersie06 2594754 7386496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kriye Moman yon moun gen dlo ki ap soti nan je li. Gen anpil reson ki fè yon moun kriye tankou lapenn, doulè, kontantman e latriye.|egzanp=Minatazi toujou ap rele .}} 7i6149vqex4v0t7pnyxjlbvicsnw970 0 3830843 7386497 2026-11-10T03:02:49Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kuis Pati anlè nan yon janb ki ale kole nan senti yon moun, yon bèt e ki kole nan jenou moun nan, bèt la.}}" 7386497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kuis Pati anlè nan yon janb ki ale kole nan senti yon moun, yon bèt e ki kole nan jenou moun nan, bèt la.}} 5x4y2fkw0okdotgegvvbmu4lwk6zl7k 7386498 7386497 2026-11-10T03:03:32Z Chersie06 2594754 7386498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kuis Pati anlè nan yon janb ki ale kole nan senti yon moun, yon bèt e ki kole nan jenou moun nan, bèt la.|egzanp=Manman m renmen manje kuis poul anpil.}} tfeabl21b3e2nvar908h4vnnw2uli5h 0 3830844 7386499 2026-11-10T03:04:41Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwa Mete de bagay long yonn an travè sou lòt la. Pozisyon yon moun, yon bagay ki bare shemen yon moun pou anpeshe li kontinye wout li.}}" 7386499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwa Mete de bagay long yonn an travè sou lòt la. Pozisyon yon moun, yon bagay ki bare shemen yon moun pou anpeshe li kontinye wout li.}} 3srqfu2ojiiqpmnrp1qzvjzlbcrlnmc 7386500 7386499 2026-11-10T03:05:08Z Chersie06 2594754 7386500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwa Mete de bagay long yonn an travè sou lòt la. Pozisyon yon moun, yon bagay ki bare shemen yon moun pou anpeche li kontinye wout li.}} 3p8cdaybim4uj44y3627x5n5f11brzi 7386501 7386500 2026-11-10T03:05:43Z Chersie06 2594754 7386501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwa Mete de bagay long yonn an travè sou lòt la. Pozisyon yon moun, yon bagay ki bare chemen yon moun pou anpeche li kontinye wout li.}} 8pu74drre0c0q3xuc7lmcjx4sbxn2gl 7386502 7386501 2026-11-10T03:07:03Z Chersie06 2594754 7386502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwa Mete de bagay long yonn an travè sou lòt la. Pozisyon yon moun, yon bagay ki bare chemen yon moun pou anpeche li kontinye wout li.|egzanp=Mechan yo mete kwa pou pitit Bondye yo pa pase , men , nan non Jezi n ap pote viktwa.}} gt41zurqje1xnnhugvlwrmfwwhkzc02 0 3830845 7386503 2026-11-10T03:10:06Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwadèboukè Yon vil nan peyi Ayiti ki toupre kapital peyi a nan direksyon nò-lès e sou wout pou ale nan Depatman Sant la. Croix-des-Bouquets.}}" 7386503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwadèboukè Yon vil nan peyi Ayiti ki toupre kapital peyi a nan direksyon nò-lès e sou wout pou ale nan Depatman Sant la. Croix-des-Bouquets.}} bbol2y3gzzjffi4lap9y3g4avct8iqi 7386504 7386503 2026-11-10T03:13:49Z Chersie06 2594754 7386504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwadèboukè Yon vil nan peyi Ayiti ki toupre kapital peyi a nan direksyon nò-lès e sou wout pou ale nan Depatman Sant la. Croix-des-Bouquets.|egzanp=Kwadèboukè se kote ki gen anpil bandi k ap fe krim.}} 4ph7p9osm1fwwy5m9xcxo2zzpvctn2x 7386505 7386504 2026-11-10T03:14:56Z Chersie06 2594754 7386505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwadèboukè Yon vil nan peyi Ayiti ki touprè kapital peyi a nan direksyon nò-lès e sou wout pou ale nan Depatman Sant la. Croix-des-Bouquets.|egzanp=Kwadèboukè se kote ki gen anpil bandi k ap fe krim.}} d46iold17r69wzz6h0utznhhnhpbqem 0 3830846 7386506 2026-11-10T03:16:48Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwadèmisyon Yon vil nan nò kapital peyi Ayiti, anvan Kwadèboukè, toupre kote de gran wout pou ale nan nò peyi a rankontre: Wout Nasyonal Nimewo En avèk Wout Nimewo De. Croix-Des-Missions.}}" 7386506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwadèmisyon Yon vil nan nò kapital peyi Ayiti, anvan Kwadèboukè, toupre kote de gran wout pou ale nan nò peyi a rankontre: Wout Nasyonal Nimewo En avèk Wout Nimewo De. Croix-Des-Missions.}} 9qbi8gd1vsbpi637fi7598fbuy3y8p0 7386507 7386506 2026-11-10T03:17:39Z Chersie06 2594754 7386507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwadèmisyon Yon vil nan nò kapital peyi Ayiti, anvan Kwadèboukè, touprè kote de gran wout pou ale nan nò peyi a rankontre: Wout Nasyonal Nimewo En avèk Wout Nimewo De. Croix-Des-Missions.}} 93bhy2pw72ksw74b9as62pxe2cyv5qf 0 3830847 7386508 2026-11-10T03:19:20Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwasan Yon varyete pen ki sanble avèk mwatye yon wonn. Yonn nan fòm Lalin nan ki parèt shak mwa e pandan plizyè jou nan yon mwa.}}" 7386508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwasan Yon varyete pen ki sanble avèk mwatye yon wonn. Yonn nan fòm Lalin nan ki parèt shak mwa e pandan plizyè jou nan yon mwa.}} mw9z3qy43yj9c1f8aljh0uawt6ys3ww 7386509 7386508 2026-11-10T03:19:44Z Chersie06 2594754 7386509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwasan Yon varyete pen ki sanble avèk mwatye yon wonn. Yonn nan fòm Lalin nan ki parèt chak mwa e pandan plizyè jou nan yon mwa.}} 5q4ulta8xxl2cmyxjoog1y76rb9g2fe 0 3830848 7386510 2026-11-10T03:21:12Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwasans Eta yon bagay ki te piti, kout e ki ap vini gwo grandi. Eta yon bagay ki ap soti nan yon kantite ki pi piti pou ale nan yon kantite ki pi gwo. Konte tankou soti nan en, de, twa… pou ale pi wo.}}" 7386510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwasans Eta yon bagay ki te piti, kout e ki ap vini gwo grandi. Eta yon bagay ki ap soti nan yon kantite ki pi piti pou ale nan yon kantite ki pi gwo. Konte tankou soti nan en, de, twa… pou ale pi wo.}} oqqv13rp33s9nxupva1ggigcta0vbz5 0 3830849 7386511 2026-11-10T03:22:32Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwaze Eta yon bagay ki pase, koushe an travè sou, wout, yon lòt bagay. Lè yon mal bèt monte sou do yon femèl bèt pou rantre ògán seksyèl li nan pa femèl la.}}" 7386511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwaze Eta yon bagay ki pase, koushe an travè sou, wout, yon lòt bagay. Lè yon mal bèt monte sou do yon femèl bèt pou rantre ògán seksyèl li nan pa femèl la.}} 2oyy8fkusltfyghu7ahbsd2780ij7ul 7386512 7386511 2026-11-10T03:22:53Z Chersie06 2594754 7386512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwaze Eta yon bagay ki pase, kouche an travè sou, wout, yon lòt bagay. Lè yon mal bèt monte sou do yon femèl bèt pou rantre ògán seksyèl li nan pa femèl la.}} bc6kz21g5jak761qx3tki8f3eysntru 7386513 7386512 2026-11-10T03:23:39Z Chersie06 2594754 7386513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwaze Eta yon bagay ki pase, kouche an travè sou, wout, yon lòt bagay. Lè yon mal bèt monte sou do yon femèl bèt pou rantre ògán seksyèl li nan pa femèl la.|egzanp=Bourik la kwaze cheval la.}} 39102cyliusie66txzu2zorvc9dibg0 0 3830850 7386514 2026-11-10T03:24:34Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwen Kote. Yon fas nan yon bagay tankou yonn nan kat fas yon bwat. Yon pozisyon kote yon bagay ye.}}" 7386514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwen Kote. Yon fas nan yon bagay tankou yonn nan kat fas yon bwat. Yon pozisyon kote yon bagay ye.}} risjpcpbuk9x9oygf9owe1vdkztcgc4 7386515 7386514 2026-11-10T03:25:29Z Chersie06 2594754 7386515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwen Kote. Yon fas nan yon bagay tankou yonn nan kat fas yon bwat. Yon pozisyon kote yon bagay ye.|egzanp=Mete fle yo nan kwen salon an.}} lc1hmtazc9j83rlgzujx26ciixyzwx2 0 3830851 7386516 2026-11-10T03:26:23Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwenn Po kò yon èt vivan melanje avèk vyann kole nan li. Yon pati nan koshon mashann vyann koshon itilize pou fè griyo.}}" 7386516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwenn Po kò yon èt vivan melanje avèk vyann kole nan li. Yon pati nan koshon mashann vyann koshon itilize pou fè griyo.}} tqbhu351ezuahuhgpxz4k8dunejz0p5 7386517 7386516 2026-11-10T03:26:42Z Chersie06 2594754 7386517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwenn Po kò yon èt vivan melanje avèk vyann kole nan li. Yon pati nan kochon mashann vyann koshon itilize pou fè griyo.}} n1bml7r2pjwd2dz7wax6ei5a6iyxyvl 7386518 7386517 2026-11-10T03:27:00Z Chersie06 2594754 7386518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwenn Po kò yon èt vivan melanje avèk vyann kole nan li. Yon pati nan kochon machann vyann koshon itilize pou fè griyo.}} 5ie08bh31g0bx4fndp7u9kctnhjwqyu 7386519 7386518 2026-11-10T03:27:34Z Chersie06 2594754 7386519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwenn Po kò yon èt vivan melanje avèk vyann kole nan li. Yon pati nan kochon machann vyann kochon itilize pou fè griyo.}} 5wgvx3doq7uzkly4e0dn3vp02yf3d5s 7386520 7386519 2026-11-10T03:28:42Z Chersie06 2594754 7386520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwenn Po kò yon èt vivan melanje avèk vyann kole nan li. Yon pati nan kochon machann vyann kochon itilize pou fè griyo.|egzanp=Milova renmen manje kwenn kochon anpil.}} isqsmlt54bjx1npinfotf8g2acyv6hb 0 3830852 7386521 2026-11-10T03:29:43Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwit Itilize shalè, dife pou shofe yon bagay pou moun manje pou jis li vini mou. Tranpe yon bagay pou moun manje nan dlo sho pou jis li vini mou.}}" 7386521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwit Itilize shalè, dife pou shofe yon bagay pou moun manje pou jis li vini mou. Tranpe yon bagay pou moun manje nan dlo sho pou jis li vini mou.}} i5dtxgndsrh8ceaenyd0pgsezp794q7 7386522 7386521 2026-11-10T03:30:15Z Chersie06 2594754 7386522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwit Itilize chalè, dife pou shofe yon bagay pou moun manje pou jis li vini mou. Tranpe yon bagay pou moun manje nan dlo sho pou jis li vini mou.}} mp5j74ehdhreycwksbpesjzpzntghzj 7386523 7386522 2026-11-10T03:30:38Z Chersie06 2594754 7386523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwit Itilize chalè, dife pou chofe yon bagay pou moun manje pou jis li vini mou. Tranpe yon bagay pou moun manje nan dlo sho pou jis li vini mou.}} a48whs68j0875q58asptzgdnvhb29r2 7386524 7386523 2026-11-10T03:31:15Z Chersie06 2594754 7386524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Kwit Itilize chalè, dife pou chofe yon bagay pou moun manje pou jis li vini mou. Tranpe yon bagay pou moun manje nan dlo cho pou jis li vini mou.}} nog1cumvvui7g3c6jb9vs9lw9uxkba1 0 3830853 7386525 2026-11-10T03:33:12Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Labou Tè ki mouye avèk yon likid tankou dlo. Yon moso tè, pousyè ki melanje avèk yon likid tankou dlo. Lè lapli tonbe yon kote tè a pa kouvri, li fè labou.}}" 7386525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Labou Tè ki mouye avèk yon likid tankou dlo. Yon moso tè, pousyè ki melanje avèk yon likid tankou dlo. Lè lapli tonbe yon kote tè a pa kouvri, li fè labou.}} hyqz2erzqbgdzb7edgkfraadxsb2925 7386526 7386525 2026-11-10T03:34:08Z Chersie06 2594754 7386526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Labou Tè ki mouye avèk yon likid tankou dlo. Yon moso tè, pousyè ki melanje avèk yon likid tankou dlo. Lè lapli tonbe yon kote tè a pa kouvri, li fè labou.|egzanp=Lapli ap tonbe wout la plen labou.}} 74wa07yfo8661sgy3ku3tsctzpy2zac 0 3830854 7386527 2026-11-10T03:35:05Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Labouyi Yon manje mou ayisyen fè avèk farin, dlo, kanèl sik, lèt. Labouyi se yon soupe pou ayisyen.}}" 7386527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Labouyi Yon manje mou ayisyen fè avèk farin, dlo, kanèl sik, lèt. Labouyi se yon soupe pou ayisyen.}} 3sasfbfkawg1nqypnyj0jwbwlg48h4n 7386528 7386527 2026-11-10T03:36:26Z Chersie06 2594754 7386528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Labouyi Yon manje mou ayisyen fè avèk farin, dlo, kanèl sik, lèt. Labouyi se yon soupe pou ayisyen.|egzanp=Labouyi farin frans bon anpil.}} lbb0kxq6cj11g7md4q0m7brbqv0gi7t 0 3830855 7386529 2026-11-10T03:37:23Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lagonav Yon il nan lwès peyi Ayiti e an fas kapital peyi a, Pòtoprens. Lagonav sitiye nan lanmè Atlantik la.}}" 7386529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lagonav Yon il nan lwès peyi Ayiti e an fas kapital peyi a, Pòtoprens. Lagonav sitiye nan lanmè Atlantik la.}} hss6gmaqz8r9b51n0seysyig6f98zxx 7386530 7386529 2026-11-10T03:38:14Z Chersie06 2594754 7386530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lagonav Yon il nan lwès peyi Ayiti e an fas kapital peyi a, Pòtoprens. Lagonav sitiye nan lanmè Atlantik la.|egzanp=Lagonav se kote ki bay anpil peche pwason.}} ax5cy4os7olhfsjizr2t3ttp1uuqpjc 7386531 7386530 2026-11-10T03:38:44Z Chersie06 2594754 7386531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lagonav Yon il nan lwès peyi Ayiti e an fas kapital peyi a, Pòtoprens. Lagonav sitiye nan lanmè Atlantik la.|egzanp=Lagonav se kote ki bay anpil pechè pwason.}} gw669tw498jqc2pdoygss6u3vkt7gr5 0 3830856 7386532 2026-11-10T03:42:47Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lafyèv Yon gwo ogmantasyon nan wotè tanperati kò yon èt vivan. Lafyèv pa yon maladi pou kont li, men se siy pou fè konnen gen yon lòt maladi ki bezwen trete.}}" 7386532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lafyèv Yon gwo ogmantasyon nan wotè tanperati kò yon èt vivan. Lafyèv pa yon maladi pou kont li, men se siy pou fè konnen gen yon lòt maladi ki bezwen trete.}} p0zbx6ks5guy9bv2zueluteyk8zro55 7386533 7386532 2026-11-10T03:43:50Z Chersie06 2594754 7386533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lafyèv Yon gwo ogmantasyon nan wotè tanperati kò yon èt vivan. Lafyèv pa yon maladi pou kont li, men se siy pou fè konnen gen yon lòt maladi ki bezwen trete.|egzanp=Lafyèv pa yon maladi pou kont li, men se siy pou fè konnen gen yon lòt maladi ki bezwen trete.}} j0yofmgp3hc9d9ppeguipwkm1vwiwj7 0 3830857 7386534 2026-11-10T03:44:53Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lage Retire yon kòd ki te mare yon bagay pou kite bagay la ale. Travay yon moun ki kite yon kote pakse kantite tan pou li te pase kote a fini pase. Retire yon moun nan prizon pou li kapab vini lib. Kite yon bagay ki te pandye anlè tonbe sou tè a.}}" 7386534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lage Retire yon kòd ki te mare yon bagay pou kite bagay la ale. Travay yon moun ki kite yon kote pakse kantite tan pou li te pase kote a fini pase. Retire yon moun nan prizon pou li kapab vini lib. Kite yon bagay ki te pandye anlè tonbe sou tè a.}} 2dbv1y7jmo9f27e9al3ws6xtosymhum 7386535 7386534 2026-11-10T03:45:41Z Chersie06 2594754 7386535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lage Retire yon kòd ki te mare yon bagay pou kite bagay la ale. Travay yon moun ki kite yon kote pakse kantite tan pou li te pase kote a fini pase. Retire yon moun nan prizon pou li kapab vini lib. Kite yon bagay ki te pandye anlè tonbe sou tè a.|egzanp=Travay la lage ta jodi a.}} ipjys42mbb4ov4wd76vdqzpolnwsluy 0 3830858 7386537 2026-11-10T03:49:56Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lagon Kote yon moso tè kenbe dlo, tankou lapli ki tonbe sou li, pou anpil jou anvan dlo sa rantre nan tè a.}}" 7386537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lagon Kote yon moso tè kenbe dlo, tankou lapli ki tonbe sou li, pou anpil jou anvan dlo sa rantre nan tè a.}} ol64hiy1er181lvywh2ip5k69eaga7l 7386538 7386537 2026-11-10T03:50:41Z Chersie06 2594754 7386538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lagon Kote yon moso tè kenbe dlo, tankou lapli ki tonbe sou li, pou anpil jou anvan dlo sa rantre nan tè a.|egzanp=Papa m gen yon lagon li plante anpil bannann ladanl.}} qdbsi8kgg61nzmjcvfsu9jlba4jqctq 0 3830859 7386541 2026-11-10T03:54:18Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lajè De kwen ki pi kout nan kat kwen yon bagay. Dimansyon nan yon sans pèpandikilè a longè. Gwosè yon bagay nan tout sans li, san kite yon ti moso nan bagay la deyò. De dimansyon ki pi kout yo nan yon bagay ki gen kat kote, kat kwen. Kontrè longè.}}" 7386541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lajè De kwen ki pi kout nan kat kwen yon bagay. Dimansyon nan yon sans pèpandikilè a longè. Gwosè yon bagay nan tout sans li, san kite yon ti moso nan bagay la deyò. De dimansyon ki pi kout yo nan yon bagay ki gen kat kote, kat kwen. Kontrè longè.}} 3xgmzoccdiqda77uwuwrqijby4dguf0 7386542 7386541 2026-11-10T04:14:46Z Chersie06 2594754 7386542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lajè De kwen ki pi kout nan kat kwen yon bagay. Dimansyon nan yon sans pèpandikilè a longè. Gwosè yon bagay nan tout sans li, san kite yon ti moso nan bagay la deyò. De dimansyon ki pi kout yo nan yon bagay ki gen kat kote, kat kwen. Kontrè longè.|egzanp=Men lajè chanm kay potorika yo.}} giz9fpil18ik7xe5zgdcmjvkq0zc9vo 0 3830860 7386543 2026-11-10T04:16:06Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lajònis Yon maladi ki gen rapò avèk yon enfeksyon nan fwa yon èt vivan tankou moun. Li bay moun dyare ki mashe avèk plis pouse pase poupou vrèman. Peyizan ayisyen konnen trete maladi sa a avèk feyaj.}}" 7386543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lajònis Yon maladi ki gen rapò avèk yon enfeksyon nan fwa yon èt vivan tankou moun. Li bay moun dyare ki mashe avèk plis pouse pase poupou vrèman. Peyizan ayisyen konnen trete maladi sa a avèk feyaj.}} s17tlwbbd15vi1jirgnfj1qsezedqcp 7386544 7386543 2026-11-10T04:16:57Z Chersie06 2594754 7386544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lajònis Yon maladi ki gen rapò avèk yon enfeksyon nan fwa yon èt vivan tankou moun. Li bay moun dyare ki mashe avèk plis pouse pase poupou vrèman. Peyizan ayisyen konnen trete maladi sa a avèk feyaj.|egzanp=Grann mwen te konn trete maladi sa a avèk feyaj.}} eouofb64g3qzqagey9liu38h3r9cn50 7386545 7386544 2026-11-10T04:17:56Z Chersie06 2594754 7386545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lajònis Yon maladi ki gen rapò avèk yon enfeksyon nan fwa yon èt vivan tankou moun. Li bay moun dyare ki mashe avèk plis pouse pase poupou vrèman. Peyizan ayisyen konnen trete maladi sa a avèk feyaj.|egzanp=Grann mwen te toujou konn trete maladi sa a avèk feyaj.}} cjmboefluxcj10oi2ta1dymv7hjt5xr 7386546 7386545 2026-11-10T04:18:23Z Chersie06 2594754 7386546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lajònis Yon maladi ki gen rapò avèk yon enfeksyon nan fwa yon èt vivan tankou moun. Li bay moun dyare ki mache avèk plis pouse pase poupou vrèman. Peyizan ayisyen konnen trete maladi sa a avèk feyaj.|egzanp=Grann mwen te toujou konn trete maladi sa a avèk feyaj.}} 6jtxcj7fjzg13xlgr4e3s748np9q3il 0 3830861 7386547 2026-11-10T04:20:46Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakansyèl Yon pwen kote reyon limyè rankontre avèk farinay dlo epi li fòme yon imaj ki gen sèt koulè nan li: vè, digo, ble, vyolèt, wouj, zoranj, jón.}}" 7386547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakansyèl Yon pwen kote reyon limyè rankontre avèk farinay dlo epi li fòme yon imaj ki gen sèt koulè nan li: vè, digo, ble, vyolèt, wouj, zoranj, jón.}} ai4u8c76odvy1w6b7s0tpsi2z1tpc8y 7386548 7386547 2026-11-10T04:22:02Z Chersie06 2594754 7386548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakansyèl Yon pwen kote reyon limyè rankontre avèk farinay dlo epi li fòme yon imaj ki gen sèt koulè nan li: vè, digo, ble, vyolèt, wouj, zoranj, jón.|egzanp=Lakansyèl la genyen sèt koulè nan li: vè, digo, ble, vyolèt, wouj, zoranj, jón.}} 5b7cvtm2swpri35aq8bw2kp4jhfskl2 0 3830862 7386549 2026-11-10T04:30:32Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakay Kay kote yon moun ap toujou retounen menm lè li ale byen lwen. Peyi kote yon moun te fèt. Kay.}}" 7386549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakay Kay kote yon moun ap toujou retounen menm lè li ale byen lwen. Peyi kote yon moun te fèt. Kay.}} kykvn0g63g0xv8ju9y0333yt1rcmlnb 0 3830863 7386550 2026-11-10T04:34:37Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakomin Yonn nan divizyon teritwa Ayiti yo. Biwo kote majistra yon vil ye. Gen twa majistra nan shak vil e yo twa travay nan menm biwo a.}}" 7386550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakomin Yonn nan divizyon teritwa Ayiti yo. Biwo kote majistra yon vil ye. Gen twa majistra nan shak vil e yo twa travay nan menm biwo a.}} oc61lvqthwmeuhnwtbyhpvccgxafet7 7386551 7386550 2026-11-10T04:35:11Z Chersie06 2594754 7386551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakomin Yonn nan divizyon teritwa Ayiti yo. Biwo kote majistra yon vil ye. Gen twa majistra nan chak vil e yo twa travay nan menm biwo a.}} 466f2yzlomkaymrg3hx9xmwbx3ilukl 0 3830864 7386552 2026-11-10T04:37:50Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakou Espas ant yon kay e antouraj ki separe li avèk lòt moso tè ki antoure li. Yon gwoup jij nan tèt depatman jistis yon peyi.}}" 7386552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakou Espas ant yon kay e antouraj ki separe li avèk lòt moso tè ki antoure li. Yon gwoup jij nan tèt depatman jistis yon peyi.}} sga2eo9idd3hn0u57ob98oxi4tn0gv8 7386553 7386552 2026-11-10T04:38:55Z Chersie06 2594754 7386553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakou Espas ant yon kay e antouraj ki separe li avèk lòt moso tè ki antoure li. Yon gwoup jij nan tèt depatman jistis yon peyi.|egzanp=Andeyo lakay la gen gran lakou.}} bbggyg65qyfoljzfjn178r55knekxkl 0 3830865 7386554 2026-11-10T04:40:04Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakrè Yon moso bagay blan, tout koulè, moun itilize pou ekri sou tablo, bay yon desen koulè.}}" 7386554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakrè Yon moso bagay blan, tout koulè, moun itilize pou ekri sou tablo, bay yon desen koulè.}} h34nyzbkuljtpubmpeb5sxgb8tsnuqq 7386555 7386554 2026-11-10T04:41:14Z Chersie06 2594754 7386555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lakrè Yon moso bagay blan, tout koulè, moun itilize pou ekri sou tablo, bay yon desen koulè.|egzanp=Lala toujou manje lakrè nan klas la.}} tqnjcxwhhwox8h1nobttkpzwmba11we 0 3830866 7386556 2026-11-10T04:42:05Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalin Yon kò nan syèl la ki ap fè wonn tè a, limyè solèy frape sou li epi li voye limyè sa vini sou tè a. Limyè sa kapab soti nan nenpòt planèt nan syèl la. Lalin nan rekòmanse menm mouvman yo shak 28 jou.}}" 7386556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalin Yon kò nan syèl la ki ap fè wonn tè a, limyè solèy frape sou li epi li voye limyè sa vini sou tè a. Limyè sa kapab soti nan nenpòt planèt nan syèl la. Lalin nan rekòmanse menm mouvman yo shak 28 jou.}} gsu97potz2l7bcbpxvaqb5micv1ifpr 7386557 7386556 2026-11-10T04:42:47Z Chersie06 2594754 7386557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalin Yon kò nan syèl la ki ap fè wonn tè a, limyè solèy frape sou li epi li voye limyè sa vini sou tè a. Limyè sa kapab soti nan nenpòt planèt nan syèl la. Lalin nan rekòmanse menm mouvman yo chak 28 jou.}} pfg5tolrziupys9651lyhxh2kcn23sv 0 3830867 7386559 2026-11-10T04:46:49Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalwa Lwa. Prensip. Prensip ki gouvène yon peyi, yon sosyete e tout moun fèt pou obeyi li. Yon plant ki gen yon fèy vè avèk nannan li blan e anmè.}}" 7386559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalwa Lwa. Prensip. Prensip ki gouvène yon peyi, yon sosyete e tout moun fèt pou obeyi li. Yon plant ki gen yon fèy vè avèk nannan li blan e anmè.}} eqddsezvpyq3re56a6sqiiz51j2azb8 7386561 7386559 2026-11-10T04:49:45Z Chersie06 2594754 7386561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalwa Lwa. Prensip. Prensip ki gouvène yon peyi, yon sosyete e tout moun fèt pou obeyi li. Yon plant ki gen yon fèy vè avèk nannan li blan e anmè.|egzanp=Nou dwe respekte tout sa lalwa di yo.}} 6g9kx4wht9grxmj1nqj5dbsg7krq98o 3 3830868 7386560 2026-11-10T04:49:15Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7386560 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 04:49, 10 November 2026 (UTC) rvedqon1n0hib6vcfqkueo62a36jgch 0 3830869 7386562 2026-11-10T04:54:55Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalwèt Yon ti bransh vyann ki andedan boush moun e sou dèyè.}}" 7386562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalwèt Yon ti bransh vyann ki andedan boush moun e sou dèyè.}} fsxquq2wt3jeopifhxqkiymtfhgffqs 7386563 7386562 2026-11-10T04:55:30Z Chersie06 2594754 7386563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalwèt Yon ti branch vyann ki andedan boush moun e sou dèyè.}} jite7au7euywyci3kwdg399sp8ub353 7386564 7386563 2026-11-10T04:56:13Z Chersie06 2594754 7386564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalwèt Yon ti branch vyann ki andedan bouch moun e sou dèyè.}} th452t3s9i2emki8wqrc3qrae6x3g1b 7386565 7386564 2026-11-10T04:57:25Z Chersie06 2594754 7386565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalwèt Yon ti branch vyann ki andedan bouch moun e sou dèyè.|egzanp=Ta sanble lalwètmita pat koupe paske mwen we l paka pape.}} kph7vsjodcoz0gkt6wg9t2lshmt4q3m 7386566 7386565 2026-11-10T05:01:54Z Chersie06 2594754 7386566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lalwèt Yon ti branch vyann ki andedan bouch moun e sou dèyè.|egzanp=Ta sanble lalwèt mita pat koupe paske mwen wè l paka pale.}} ewr40ilfnkb5zedk8cayc4i2btgclvb 0 3830870 7386567 2026-11-10T05:19:22Z Galdiz 2568250 Created page with "Sardauna ( o huda rance Mambilla) mulmu o bar nu shidar pichi nu Taraba o huda Nigeria. Angr Mambila Plateau, njir dingo-dingo ana huda mulmau gurtu ana kauye. LGA chan Gembu, ana dudim Mambilla kra tlumini nji dzani "Gelmvu", [[Category:Wp/mrt]]" 7386567 wikitext text/x-wiki Sardauna ( o huda rance Mambilla) mulmu o bar nu shidar pichi nu Taraba o huda Nigeria. Angr Mambila Plateau, njir dingo-dingo ana huda mulmau gurtu ana kauye. LGA chan Gembu, ana dudim Mambilla kra tlumini nji dzani "Gelmvu", [[Category:Wp/mrt]] kb3pfp29bi4naqs90s3vdnjm8g1ls0h 7386568 7386567 2026-11-10T05:19:43Z Galdiz 2568250 7386568 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sardauna'''Sardauna ( o huda rance Mambilla) mulmu o bar nu shidar pichi nu Taraba o huda Nigeria. Angr Mambila Plateau, njir dingo-dingo ana huda mulmau gurtu ana kauye. LGA chan Gembu, ana dudim Mambilla kra tlumini nji dzani "Gelmvu", [[Category:Wp/mrt]] gyrduza3v28vs9stydw35i5w3qsso9a 7386569 7386568 2026-11-10T05:20:02Z Galdiz 2568250 7386569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sardauna''' ( o huda rance Mambilla) mulmu o bar nu shidar pichi nu Taraba o huda Nigeria. Angr Mambila Plateau, njir dingo-dingo ana huda mulmau gurtu ana kauye. LGA chan Gembu, ana dudim Mambilla kra tlumini nji dzani "Gelmvu", [[Category:Wp/mrt]] ahi17xxhoq6063g739wqcvv1ff50d8b 7386570 7386569 2026-11-10T05:20:31Z Galdiz 2568250 7386570 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sardauna''' ( o huda rance Mambilla) mulmu o bar nu shidar pichi nu Taraba o huda Najeriya. Angr Mambila Plateau, njir dingo-dingo ana huda mulmau gurtu ana kauye. LGA chan Gembu, ana dudim Mambilla kra tlumini nji dzani "Gelmvu", [[Category:Wp/mrt]] bbja11rmufasqhhn3t0j3nwlvaqy16m 7386571 7386570 2026-11-10T05:21:23Z Galdiz 2568250 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q7423783]] 7386571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sardauna''' ( o huda rance Mambilla) mulmu o bar nu shidar pichi nu Taraba o huda Najeriya. Angr Mambila Plateau, njir dingo-dingo ana huda mulmau gurtu ana kauye. LGA chan Gembu, ana dudim Mambilla kra tlumini nji dzani "Gelmvu", [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7423783}} k426c08n3xv1s9gdhr8b7rrf1jyfb6u 7386572 7386571 2026-11-10T05:22:10Z Galdiz 2568250 7386572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q7423783}} '''Sardauna''' ( o huda rance Mambilla) mulmu o bar nu shidar pichi nu Taraba o huda Najeriya. Angr Mambila Plateau, njir dingo-dingo ana huda mulmau gurtu ana kauye. LGA chan Gembu, ana dudim Mambilla kra tlumini nji dzani "Gelmvu", [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7423783}} 2td774j9t21jrwyg9hqozaypfh7qmtc 0 3830871 7386573 2026-11-10T05:28:21Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lamantasyon Yonn nan liv yo ki nan Bib la. Yon moman penitans nan lavi yon moun kote li a pote plent bay, Bondye, yon lòt moun tankou yon wa.}}" 7386573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lamantasyon Yonn nan liv yo ki nan Bib la. Yon moman penitans nan lavi yon moun kote li a pote plent bay, Bondye, yon lòt moun tankou yon wa.}} nhp0ldy7nzpl3knvilu64jo91571y2t 7386574 7386573 2026-11-10T05:29:48Z Chersie06 2594754 7386574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lamantasyon Yonn nan liv yo ki nan Bib la. Yon moman penitans nan lavi yon moun kote li a pote plent bay, Bondye, yon lòt moun tankou yon wa.|egzanp=Mwen konseye nou li lamantasyon 3 vese 22 a.}} tuw9i0w0twzu54vxr6grny99z5bs4uc 0 3830872 7386575 2026-11-10T05:30:43Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lamante Plenyen. Pote plent bay, Bondye, yon moun tankou yon wa.}}" 7386575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lamante Plenyen. Pote plent bay, Bondye, yon moun tankou yon wa.}} i0ioywmbh185jtcma0o4vab4q806w8g 7386576 7386575 2026-11-10T05:31:36Z Chersie06 2594754 7386576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lamante Plenyen. Pote plent bay, Bondye, yon moun tankou yon wa.|egzanp=Pote tout chay nou yo bay Bondye, na jwenn solisyon.}} lalbmv5uqjja6ubrnby66n57339rcr6 0 3830873 7386577 2026-11-10T05:33:11Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lan Vitès deplasman yon bagay ki fè li sanble li pa ap deplase tout bon vre. Eta deplasman yon bagay ki dousman.}}" 7386577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lan Vitès deplasman yon bagay ki fè li sanble li pa ap deplase tout bon vre. Eta deplasman yon bagay ki dousman.}} 1gwvjjqnihnx6k8oqo4buuux4ts4tml 7386578 7386577 2026-11-10T05:33:53Z Chersie06 2594754 7386578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lan Vitès deplasman yon bagay ki fè li sanble li pa ap deplase tout bon vre. Eta deplasman yon bagay ki dousman.|egzanp=Entenet la lan anpil.}} ovltwldrv6a7pkz203zi41stjlz8dpg 7386579 7386578 2026-11-10T05:34:32Z Chersie06 2594754 7386579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lan Vitès deplasman yon bagay ki fè li sanble li pa ap deplase tout bon vre. Eta deplasman yon bagay ki dousman.|egzanp=Entènèt la lan anpil.}} aybn0gtdyu5apl7ilm7d8iv2peml90s 0 3830874 7386584 2026-11-10T05:43:49Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmè Yon kantite likid ki anpil e ki okipe plis espas pase tout espas tè tout peyi nan lemond okipe. Likid sa sale e li gen anpil bèt, gwo tankou piti, ki ap viv nan li. Bato kapab soti de yon peyi a yon lòt pandan li ap deplase sou lanmè. Dlo lanmè nan kèk zòn tèlman sale, pyès bagay pa kapab koule nan li si bagay sa pa lou anpil.}}" 7386584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmè Yon kantite likid ki anpil e ki okipe plis espas pase tout espas tè tout peyi nan lemond okipe. Likid sa sale e li gen anpil bèt, gwo tankou piti, ki ap viv nan li. Bato kapab soti de yon peyi a yon lòt pandan li ap deplase sou lanmè. Dlo lanmè nan kèk zòn tèlman sale, pyès bagay pa kapab koule nan li si bagay sa pa lou anpil.}} k5jabqfpwuq7yp3jo93zzrj24wsrh90 7386585 7386584 2026-11-10T05:45:17Z Chersie06 2594754 7386585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmè Yon kantite likid ki anpil e ki okipe plis espas pase tout espas tè tout peyi nan lemond okipe. Likid sa sale e li gen anpil bèt, gwo tankou piti, ki ap viv nan li. Bato kapab soti de yon peyi a yon lòt pandan li ap deplase sou lanmè. Dlo lanmè nan kèk zòn tèlman sale, pyès bagay pa kapab koule nan li si bagay sa pa lou anpil.|egzanp=Papa m toujou renmen al benyen nan plaj.}} geokzj477ltqy8ch0mo8fvgvqy0gifi 0 3830875 7386586 2026-11-10T05:49:33Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmen Kole de men ansanm epi vlope yonn avèk lòt la pandan yo ap souke. Yon fason pou salye yon gason. Yon mwayen énmi yon ayisyen itilize pou mete yon pwazon, yon zonbi, nan kò énmi an.}}" 7386586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmen Kole de men ansanm epi vlope yonn avèk lòt la pandan yo ap souke. Yon fason pou salye yon gason. Yon mwayen énmi yon ayisyen itilize pou mete yon pwazon, yon zonbi, nan kò énmi an.}} 3qvj3k3p75n14onvntgh6cdu265xpcm 0 3830876 7386587 2026-11-10T05:51:00Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmidon Yon poud ki soti nan manyòk e ki kapab prepare pou kole kèk bagay tankou papye sou papye. Pou fè poud sa a, moun yo kraze manyòk la epi yo retire likid li bay la. Lè likid sa poze, gen yon bagay ki fòme anba resipyan kote li ye a. Yo mete bagay sa seshe nan solèy. Se lanmidon an sa.}}" 7386587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmidon Yon poud ki soti nan manyòk e ki kapab prepare pou kole kèk bagay tankou papye sou papye. Pou fè poud sa a, moun yo kraze manyòk la epi yo retire likid li bay la. Lè likid sa poze, gen yon bagay ki fòme anba resipyan kote li ye a. Yo mete bagay sa seshe nan solèy. Se lanmidon an sa.}} nw0fd1lguk2m0txzfe1sru9jkovpvtj 7386588 7386587 2026-11-10T05:51:34Z Chersie06 2594754 7386588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmidon Yon poud ki soti nan manyòk e ki kapab prepare pou kole kèk bagay tankou papye sou papye. Pou fè poud sa a, moun yo kraze manyòk la epi yo retire likid li bay la. Lè likid sa poze, gen yon bagay ki fòme anba resipyan kote li ye a. Yo mete bagay sa seche nan solèy. Se lanmidon an sa.}} r5ci9nlywo43nr7xmaxp729i1qn2y83 7386590 7386588 2026-11-10T05:52:55Z Chersie06 2594754 7386590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmidon Yon poud ki soti nan manyòk e ki kapab prepare pou kole kèk bagay tankou papye sou papye. Pou fè poud sa a, moun yo kraze manyòk la epi yo retire likid li bay la. Lè likid sa poze, gen yon bagay ki fòme anba resipyan kote li ye a. Yo mete bagay sa seche nan solèy. Se lanmidon an sa.|egzanp=Lanmidon bon pou lasante.}} 5s9aqk3c4554a8ptax3das1p1y6jnza 0 3830877 7386591 2026-11-10T05:54:09Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmò Moman kote yon moun soti nan lavi. Yon ka. Yon gwo pwoblèm anpil moun, fanmiy avèk zanmi yon moun genyen lè yonn ou plizyè pwòsh moun sa yo mouri.}}" 7386591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmò Moman kote yon moun soti nan lavi. Yon ka. Yon gwo pwoblèm anpil moun, fanmiy avèk zanmi yon moun genyen lè yonn ou plizyè pwòsh moun sa yo mouri.}} rw40o3d8eeoerfv8zdx0qorbc3sz9as 7386592 7386591 2026-11-10T05:54:38Z Chersie06 2594754 7386592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmò Moman kote yon moun soti nan lavi. Yon ka. Yon gwo pwoblèm anpil moun, fanmiy avèk zanmi yon moun genyen lè yonn ou plizyè pwòch moun sa yo mouri.}} obs51x0z6r27wmqlfj6vmzw0qg0ur8r 7386594 7386592 2026-11-10T05:57:11Z Chersie06 2594754 7386594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lanmò Moman kote yon moun soti nan lavi. Yon ka. Yon gwo pwoblèm anpil moun, fanmiy avèk zanmi yon moun genyen lè yonn ou plizyè pwòch moun sa yo mouri.|egzanp=Lanmò se yon bagay ki toujou mete dlo nan zye moun.}} jga25nj0esyg1cfx4a2jnyx9ull5lja 0 3830878 7386595 2026-11-10T05:59:37Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lans Yon bagay moun kapab vlope avèk men li, men ki solid anpil e ki kenbe de bò yon sak, panyen e ki kenbe de bò yo an balans; konsa moun kapab tranpòte panyen an, sak la.}}" 7386595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lans Yon bagay moun kapab vlope avèk men li, men ki solid anpil e ki kenbe de bò yon sak, panyen e ki kenbe de bò yo an balans; konsa moun kapab tranpòte panyen an, sak la.}} flie3dirs2odjqkrgt5b3drauk9ev51 7386596 7386595 2026-11-10T06:00:26Z Chersie06 2594754 7386596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Lans Yon bagay moun kapab vlope avèk men li, men ki solid anpil e ki kenbe de bò yon sak, panyen e ki kenbe de bò yo an balans; konsa moun kapab tranpòte panyen an, sak la.|egzanp=Lans bokit la soti.}} 9d4ehdfij4hvli9huiod1g9w3sbmgtw 0 3830879 7386600 2026-11-10T06:09:38Z Sekiyen 2692190 Sekiyen moved page [[Wp/mnc/juweci jalan jecen dain]] to [[Wp/mnc/2ci jalan dain]] 7386600 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mnc/2ci jalan dain]] ifidcd7zao9zlwctriv097ngrv3gd7i 0 3830880 7386602 2026-11-10T06:10:08Z Sekiyen 2692190 Sekiyen moved page [[Wp/mnc/emuci jalan jecen dain]] to [[Wp/mnc/1ci jalan dain]] 7386602 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mnc/1ci jalan dain]] dmrlsecsvvvj54szykr3bi0m8txa9kl 0 3830881 7386605 2026-11-10T06:12:17Z Ganjidvd 2540604 Created page with "{{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-verb form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} <ol> {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|2|s|in|par|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|1|s|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|2|s|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|3|s|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|3|p|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} </ol> {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-}} ; a | ba | dès {{Wt/rgn/-ref-}} *Rumagnôl **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |aut =Franco Ponseggi |tit =Lèžar e scrìvar in Rumagnôl |ann =2023 |edi =Youcanprint |loc =L..." 7386605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-verb form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} <ol> {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|2|s|in|par|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|1|s|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|2|s|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|3|s|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|3|p|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} </ol> {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-}} ; a | ba | dès {{Wt/rgn/-ref-}} *Rumagnôl **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |aut =Franco Ponseggi |tit =Lèžar e scrìvar in Rumagnôl |ann =2023 |edi =Youcanprint |loc =Lecce |pag =105-150 |isb=9788891153234}} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnôl ucidentêl]] il0ji5vf1sgepck4dpocsg470ezpwin 7386611 7386605 2026-11-10T06:17:44Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7386611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rgn/-rgn-}} {{Wt/rgn/-verb form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} <ol> {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|2|s|in|par|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|1|s|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|2|s|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|3|s|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|3|p|cg|imp|verb=abadêr}} </ol> {{Wt/rgn/-hyph-}} ; a | ba | dès {{Wt/rgn/-fr-}} {{Wt/rgn/-verb form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} <ol> {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|2|s|in|pre|verb=abader}} {{Wt/rgn/VerbForm|2|s|cg|pre|verb=abader}} </ol> {{Wt/rgn/-gl-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/p}} #plurêl d [[Wt/rgn/abade|abade]] {{Wt/rgn/-pt-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/p}} #plurêl d [[Wt/rgn/abade|abade]] {{Wt/rgn/-es-}} {{Wt/rgn/-nom form-}} {{Wt/rgn/Pn}} {{Wt/rgn/m}} {{Wt/rgn/p}} #plurêl d [[Wt/rgn/abad|abad]] {{Wt/rgn/-ref-}} *Rumagnôl **{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar |aut =Franco Ponseggi |tit =Lèžar e scrìvar in Rumagnôl |ann =2023 |edi =Youcanprint |loc =Lecce |pag =105-150 |isb=9788891153234}} [[Category:Wt/rgn]] [[Category:Wt/rgn/Paroli in rumagnôl ucidentêl]] dqtv6kgehu9fcl68ofjowr3utcpu6x6 0 3830882 7386614 2026-11-10T06:31:20Z Sekiyen 2692190 Created page with "[[File:Victor Tsoi 1986 cropped.jpg|thumb|Viktor Tsoi]] '''Viktor Tsoi''' (Виктор Цой) serengge [[Wp/mnc/soviet|soviet]] i uculesi kai. [[Wp/mnc/Kino|Kino]] i da. [[Category:Wp/mnc]]" 7386614 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Victor Tsoi 1986 cropped.jpg|thumb|Viktor Tsoi]] '''Viktor Tsoi''' (Виктор Цой) serengge [[Wp/mnc/soviet|soviet]] i uculesi kai. [[Wp/mnc/Kino|Kino]] i da. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] b7kw65umzjsuy0mo2gfmla6ykyn2n4r 7386656 7386614 2026-11-10T07:29:00Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386656 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Victor Tsoi 1986 cropped.jpg|thumb|Viktor Tsoi]] '''Viktor Tsoi''' (Виктор Цой) serengge [[Wp/mnc/soviet|soviet]] i uculesi kai. [[Wp/mnc/Kino|Kino]] i da bihe. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] 8tcy26il1x8veyl0wlv1gni1hxcohoa 7386662 7386656 2026-11-10T07:44:30Z Sekiyen 2692190 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q487125]] 7386662 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Victor Tsoi 1986 cropped.jpg|thumb|Viktor Tsoi]] '''Viktor Tsoi''' (Виктор Цой) serengge [[Wp/mnc/soviet|soviet]] i uculesi kai. [[Wp/mnc/Kino|Kino]] i da bihe. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q487125}} r4qep3putj9oirmna0whzqsxi1nc2p5 0 3830883 7386617 2026-11-10T06:45:42Z Almajidy 2647497 Created page with "{{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] وWy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسي..." 7386617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==افهم== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==التنقل== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==الأنشطة== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==العمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==التسوق== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==الطعام== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==المشروبات== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==الإقامة== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] jtbaqyq3kqlzq0d6b9n4n4va3wwsx1v 7386618 7386617 2026-11-10T06:46:13Z Almajidy 2647497 إضافة روابط إنترويكي إلى [[d:Q47863]] 7386618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==افهم== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==التنقل== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==الأنشطة== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==العمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==التسوق== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==الطعام== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==المشروبات== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==الإقامة== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} 4zlasrtkt13ctjejo9fyv53cd4rmgj2 7386619 7386618 2026-11-10T06:46:58Z Almajidy 2647497 7386619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==افهم== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==التنقل== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==الأنشطة== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==العمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==التسوق== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==الطعام== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==المشروبات== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==الإقامة== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} 9xptk10vdb2a07688d9xtdrxt39yusy 7386620 7386619 2026-11-10T06:47:34Z Almajidy 2647497 /* افهم */ 7386620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==التنقل== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==الأنشطة== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==العمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==التسوق== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==الطعام== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==المشروبات== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==الإقامة== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} 6c6ov75j4zyqrasyb99nhc8c0r7dd1a 7386621 7386620 2026-11-10T06:48:14Z Almajidy 2647497 /* التنقل */ 7386621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==الأنشطة== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==العمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==التسوق== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==الطعام== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==المشروبات== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==الإقامة== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} ig7vnzn4yqib6nmxlcodu4rs9s543sf 7386622 7386621 2026-11-10T06:48:32Z Almajidy 2647497 /* المعالم السياحية */ 7386622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==شاهد== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==الأنشطة== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==العمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==التسوق== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==الطعام== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==المشروبات== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==الإقامة== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} s9auy367qumzbaow9tpvmxlrlj3flb3 7386623 7386622 2026-11-10T06:48:52Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الأنشطة */ 7386623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==شاهد== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==افعل== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==العمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==التسوق== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==الطعام== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==المشروبات== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==الإقامة== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} 8jyevdmgzqaoxo2d47v2mztfqnnc1rd 7386624 7386623 2026-11-10T06:49:05Z Almajidy 2647497 /* العمل */ 7386624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==شاهد== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==افعل== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==اعمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==التسوق== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==الطعام== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==المشروبات== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==الإقامة== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} lq3bxo6emtnbeg2gs7ij3p2pdqdps76 7386625 7386624 2026-11-10T06:49:41Z Almajidy 2647497 /* التسوق */ 7386625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==شاهد== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==افعل== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==اعمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==اشترِ== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==الطعام== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==المشروبات== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==الإقامة== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} 569hwar63mg6uea9u5k4ldxtg3jw7te 7386626 7386625 2026-11-10T06:50:26Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الطعام */ 7386626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==شاهد== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==افعل== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==اعمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==اشترِ== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==كُل== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==المشروبات== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==الإقامة== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} ds5snd3hvlpshtcbat033ezm4zgz3a6 7386627 7386626 2026-11-10T06:51:26Z Almajidy 2647497 /* المشروبات */ 7386627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==شاهد== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==افعل== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==اعمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==اشترِ== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==كُل== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==اشرب== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==الإقامة== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} eojt5a2y94g24dd6sdfb4p02rg3j72j 7386628 7386627 2026-11-10T06:52:03Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الإقامة */ 7386628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==شاهد== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==افعل== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==اعمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==اشترِ== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==كُل== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==اشرب== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==نَم== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} 1ry39mrjgjj4mvfhv38wotiba9e8y6o 7386629 7386628 2026-11-10T06:52:34Z Almajidy 2647497 7386629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==شاهد== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==افعل== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==اعمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==اشترِ== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==كُل== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==اشرب== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==نَم== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==السلامة== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|Wy/ar/بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} aixa339fxmqisl4862g8mhaw100i0jd 7386630 7386629 2026-11-10T06:54:28Z Almajidy 2647497 /* السلامة */ 7386630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==شاهد== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==افعل== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==اعمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==اشترِ== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==كُل== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==اشرب== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==نَم== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==ابقَ آمنًا== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==الصحة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|Wy/ar/بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} k0y2eyl103t7ez3mzwb0bfwcjfs4f5r 7386631 7386630 2026-11-10T06:54:47Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الصحة */ 7386631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==شاهد== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==افعل== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==اعمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==اشترِ== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==كُل== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==اشرب== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==نَم== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==ابقَ آمنًا== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|Wy/ar/بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} fslc17d6ha6n83nbnqhyfkostcwztz7 7386632 7386631 2026-11-10T06:55:39Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الوجهات التالية */ 7386632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Midway_albatrosses_banner.jpg|جزر ميدواي}} {{Wy/ar/Quickbar}} '''جزر ميدواي''' أو '''[http://www.fws.gov/midway/ جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية]''' هي محمية للحياة البرية تقع في شمال المحيط الهادئ، على مسافة متوسطة تقريبًا بين [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] و[[Wy/ar/شرق آسيا|شرق آسيا]]، إلى الشرق مباشرة من خط التاريخ الدولي. اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام الزيارات العامة. ولا يُستخدم المطار حاليًا إلا للهبوط في حالات الطوارئ. والمعلومات التالية واردة لأغراض التوثيق التاريخي. ==تعرّف== [[Image:Midway_Islands_satellite.jpg|right|300px|thumb|صورة جوية بالأقمار الصناعية لجزر ميدواي]] ===التاريخ=== وضعت الولايات المتحدة الجزر رسميًا تحت سيادتها عام 1867. وفي عام 1903، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي ثيودور روزفلت الجزر منطقةً لحماية الطيور البحرية. وفي العام نفسه، أدى مد كابل التلغراف العابر للمحيط الهادئ، الذي مر عبر الجزر، إلى وصول أول المقيمين إليها. وبين عامي 1935 و1947، استُخدمت ميدواي محطةً للتزود بالوقود للرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ، وأُنشئ فندق لإقامة المسافرين. أُنشئت قاعدة بحرية قبل دخول الولايات المتحدة الحرب العالمية الثانية بوقت قصير (انظر [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|حرب المحيط الهادئ]])، وكان الانتصار على الأسطول الياباني قبالة ميدواي عام 1942 أحد أبرز نقاط التحول في الحرب. واشتهرت جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بفضل فيلم وثائقي ملون حائز على جائزة الأوسكار أُنتج عام 1942، ثم فيلم سينمائي طويل صدر عام 1976، وكلاهما تناول المعركة التي شكلت نقطة تحول في [[Wy/ar/حرب المحيط الهادئ|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. وعلى الرغم من إعلان الجزر والمياه المحيطة بها محمية وطنية للحياة البرية عام 1988، فقد واصلت العمل منشأةً بحرية حتى عام 1993. وفي عام 1996، نُقلت إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية إلى السلطات المدنية بعد تنفيذ مشروع لإعادة تأهيل البيئة. وتتولى هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية إدارة ميدواي باعتبارها جزءًا من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا. ===المناظر الطبيعية=== تُعد ميدواي جزءًا من سلسلة الجزر الممتدة في المحيط الهادئ، والتي تشمل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]]. وهي جزيرة مرجانية تتكون من عدة جزر رملية منخفضة الارتفاع. أكبر جزيرتين هما '''جزيرة ساند''' (الأكثر تطورًا وعمرانًا) و'''الجزيرة الشرقية''' (ولا ينبغي الخلط بينها وبين [[Wy/ar/جزيرة القيامة|جزيرة القيامة]])، وتتوسطهما جزيرة أصغر تُسمى '''جزيرة سبيت'''. تحيط بهاتين الجزيرتين وبالجزيرة الصغيرة شعاب مرجانية تكاد تشكل حلقة كاملة، وهي من أكثر الشعاب المرجانية وقوعًا نحو الشمال. وتبلغ المساحة الإجمالية للجزر الثلاث الكبرى 6.2 كم²، ويبلغ مجموع طول سواحلها 15 كم. أما أعلى نقطة فيها، فيبلغ ارتفاعها 13 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ===النباتات والحيوانات=== تتميز جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية بتنوع وفير في الحياة البرية، ولا سيما ملايين الطيور البحرية، مثل طيور القطرس، وأنواع مهددة بالانقراض مثل بط ليسان وفقمة الراهب الهاوايية، إلى جانب الدلافين الدوارة والسلاحف البحرية الخضراء. وتتكون النباتات فيها من مزيج من الأنواع المحلية، مثل عشب الشاطئ، والأنواع الدخيلة الغازية، بما فيها أشجار الكازوارينا. وقد أُدخلت أنواع كثيرة من النباتات إلى الجزيرة لتعمل مصدات للرياح. ===المناخ=== المناخ شبه مداري، لكنه معتدل بفعل الرياح الشرقية السائدة. ==الوصول== [[File:Starr-080605-6614-Verbesina encelioides-habit with Laysan albatross chick-Eastern Island-Midway Atoll (24618755550).jpg|thumb|فرخ طائر القطرس من نوع ليسان]] اعتبارًا من عام 2026، أُغلقت محمية جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية الوطنية للحياة البرية والنصب التذكاري الوطني لمعركة ميدواي أمام ''الزيارات العامة''. كانت هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، المسؤولة عن إدارة الجزيرة المرجانية، تدير سابقًا برنامجًا لاستقبال مجموعات صغيرة من الزوار المهتمين بزيارة المنطقة. * '''جمعية المحيطات (Oceanic Society)'''، وهي منظمة غير ربحية تُعنى بالحفاظ على البيئة البحرية، كانت تنظم رحلات سياحة بيئية برفقة مرشدين متخصصين في التاريخ الطبيعي، لمجموعات يصل عدد أفرادها إلى 16 مشاركًا. وكانت الرحلات تتضمن زيارة إلى الجزيرة الشرقية ورحلة واحدة على الأقل للغطس السطحي فوق الشعاب المرجانية الظاهرة فوق سطح الماء. * '''[http://www.miltours.com الجولات التاريخية العسكرية]''' {{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}} كانت تنظم رحلة يومية واحدة سنويًا إلى الجزيرة في 3 يونيو. وكان المشاركون يصلون قرابة الظهر على متن طائرة مستأجرة من طراز بوينغ 737-800 تابعة لشركة يونايتد إيرلاينز، قادمة من هونولولو، ويغادرون نحو الساعة الثامنة مساءً من اليوم نفسه. وشملت هذه الرحلات مراسم رسمية لإحياء ذكرى معركة ميدواي، إلى جانب إتاحة بعض الوقت لاستكشاف الجزيرة. يوجد ميناء في جزيرة ساند، كما يقع مطار هندرسون فيلد في الجزيرة نفسها، وهو معتمد بالكامل من إدارة الطيران الفيدرالية الأمريكية، ويظل جاهزًا للعمل على مدار الساعة بوصفه مدرجًا للهبوط الاضطراري للعديد من الرحلات الجوية العابرة للمحيط الهادئ. ولولا صيانة هذا المدرج، لاضطرت العديد من الطائرات النفاثة ذات المحركين إلى اتخاذ مسارات بديلة تستهلك كميات أكبر بكثير من الوقود. ويمكن للأشخاص الذين يمتلكون وسائل النقل الخاصة بهم الاستفسار من هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية عن إمكانية الزيارة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال يتعين على البحارة التقدم بطلبات الحصول على التصاريح المذكورة أعلاه قبل أشهر من الزيارة، كما أن النصب التذكاري يفرض إرشادات صارمة للغاية يجب الالتزام بها عند المرور عبر هذه المياه المحمية. ومن أمثلة هذه المتطلبات ضرورة تنظيف هياكل السفن قبل دخول المنطقة، ودفع مالكي السفن مبلغ 1500 دولار أمريكي مقابل أجهزة المراقبة المطلوبة، والتي تتعقب حركة السفن داخل مياه النصب التذكاري. وتهدف هذه الإجراءات إلى الحد من إدخال الأنواع الغازية، وضمان عدم تعريض الشعاب المرجانية الهشة للخطر بسبب السفن العابرة. تتوقف بعض السفن السياحية التي تعبر المحيط الهادئ أحيانًا خارج الجزيرة المرجانية، وتستخدم قوارب النقل الصغيرة لنقل الركاب إلى جزيرة ساند في زيارات نهارية. ومع ذلك، يتعين حتى على هذه السفن السياحية الالتزام بإرشادات التصاريح الصارمة للمرور عبر مياه النصب التذكاري المحمية وزيارتها. وفي بعض الأحيان، يرافق موظفو هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية زوار السفن السياحية في جولات داخل الجزيرة. ==الرسوم والتصاريح== يتعين على المنظمات أو الأفراد الراغبين في زيارة جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية التقدم بطلب للحصول على تصريح من النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا قبل عدة أشهر من موعد الزيارة المقصود. ميدواي إقليم تابع للولايات المتحدة، وتُطبق عليها متطلبات التأشيرة نفسها المعمول بها في الولايات المتحدة. ==تجول== تتوفر الدراجات الهوائية وعربات الغولف للإيجار مقابل 5 دولارات و25 دولارًا يوميًا على التوالي. ويُعد التجول سيرًا على الأقدام سهلًا نظرًا لاستواء التضاريس، لكن يُنصح بالالتزام بالطرق والمسارات المحددة لتجنب التواء الكاحلين. ==شاهد== [[File:Starr 080531-4733 Midway Island Cable station building (nb 643) in May 2008 with cocos nucifera.jpg|thumb|مبنى محطة الكابلات وطيور القطرس]] يعشش على الجزر نحو 5 ملايين طائر بحري ينتمون إلى 17 نوعًا، من بينها مليونا طائر قطرس، من نوعي قطرس ليسان والقطرس أسود القدمين. ويوجد في ميدواي نحو 80% من إجمالي أعداد طيور قطرس ليسان في العالم. وتُعرف هذه الطيور بمودة باسم «طيور غوني» (Gooney Birds)، بسبب هبوطها غير المتقن على الأرض، وخاصة بسبب طقوس التزاوج المسلية التي تؤديها. كما تخرج فقمات '''الراهب الهاوايية''' المهددة بالانقراض، التي يتراوح طولها بين 7 و8 أقدام ويصل وزنها إلى 500 رطل، إلى اليابسة للراحة والولادة وتربية صغارها. وتُعد السلاحف البحرية '''الخضراء''' العملاقة، التي قد يصل وزنها إلى 400 رطل، من الزوار المتكررين للجزر، وقد وُثقت حالات تعشيشها على شواطئ ميدواي. وتعيش مجموعة تضم نحو 250 إلى 300 من '''الدلافين الدوارة''' في البحيرة الضحلة المحيطة بالجزيرة المرجانية وداخلها، وغالبًا ما تؤدي قفزات وحركات بهلوانية. وتوجد أيضًا مجموعة صغيرة، لكنها آخذة في النمو، من بط ليسان، وهو أكثر الطيور المائية تعرضًا لخطر الانقراض في نصف الكرة الشمالي. وتضم الجزر كذلك نصبًا تذكارية وآثارًا مرتبطة بـ'''معركة ميدواي''' عام 1942، إلى جانب مباني محطات الكابلات الأصلية التي شُيدت عام 1903. ==افعل== تتمثل الأنشطة الرئيسية في جزيرة ميدواي المرجانية في مراقبة الطبيعة، وتصوير الحياة البرية، والغطس السطحي، والتجديف بقوارب الكاياك، وزيارة المواقع التاريخية المرتبطة بالحرب العالمية الثانية. لا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس إلا للباحثين العاملين في الجزيرة. ويُحظر صيد الأسماك. يُسمح للبشر باستخدام الشاطئ الشمالي، بينما تكون الشواطئ الأخرى مغلقة عادةً أمام الزوار ومخصصة للسلاحف البحرية وفقمات الراهب الهاوايية، وكلاهما من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض والمحمية بموجب القانون الفيدرالي. يفتح '''مركز ميدواي بولينغ''' أيام الأحد من الساعة السابعة إلى التاسعة مساءً. كما يجري العمل على إعادة تأهيل ملعب الغولف المصغر في جزيرة ساند. توجد في الجزيرة منازل ومساكن جماعية، تُستخدم بصورة أساسية من قبل موظفي هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية. ==اعمل== توظف هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية نحو 6 موظفين، وتستضيف قرابة 10 إلى 12 متطوعًا يقيمون في الجزيرة لفترات تتراوح بين 3 و4 أشهر على مدار العام. تتولى شركة تشوغاش (Chugach)، بموجب عقد مع هيئة الأسماك والحياة البرية الأمريكية، تشغيل المرافق في ميدواي. وهي شركة مملوكة للسكان الأصليين الأمريكيين، ويقع مقرها في أنكوراج بولاية ألاسكا. وتوظف نحو 55 شخصًا، معظمهم من تايلاند، إلى جانب بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين. كما توجد أربع وظائف تعاقدية للعاملين في المطار والإطفاء، ووظيفة واحدة لمساعد الطبيب (PA). ويُعلن عن هذه الوظائف بشكل دوري على مواقع إلكترونية مختلفة. ==اشترِ== تضم جزيرة ساند متجرًا صغيرًا يُعرف باسم «متجر السفن» (Ship Store)، ويبيع المستلزمات الأساسية والوجبات الخفيفة والحلوى والمشروبات الكحولية. كما يوفر خدمة تأجير أقراص الفيديو الرقمية (DVD). وبالقرب منه يوجد متجر صغير للهدايا تديره جمعية «أصدقاء ميدواي»، ويبيع القمصان التذكارية والبطاقات البريدية والكتب والتسجيلات الصوتية لمستعمرات الطيور وغيرها من المنتجات. ==كُل== [[File:Starr 080531-4690 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|منزل كليبر]] تُقدم جميع الوجبات في «منزل كليبر» (The Clipper House)، الذي يعمل مطبخًا مركزيًا لخدمة نحو 60 مقيمًا في ميدواي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعات السياح والباحثين الزائرين. تُقدم الوجبات ثلاث مرات يوميًا، وفي المواعيد الرسمية المعلنة فقط. ويُعد الآيس كريم الطري الذي توفره آلة التقديم من أكثر الأطعمة شعبية. تتوفر المشروبات والثلج في بهو الفندق، لكن لا توجد آلات لبيع الوجبات الخفيفة. ==اشرب== مياه ميدواي آمنة للشرب. ويحمل سكان الجزيرة زجاجات مياه قابلة لإعادة التعبئة ويستخدمونها باستمرار. ويُنصح الزوار بإحضار زجاجاتهم القابلة لإعادة التعبئة؛ فبمجرد رؤية كمية البلاستيك التي تجرفها الأمواج إلى شواطئ الجزيرة المرجانية، سيفهمون سبب تجنب استخدام الزجاجات البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد. تُقدم المشروبات الكحولية في الحانة المحلية لمدة تتراوح بين ساعتين وثلاث ساعات، في عدة ليالٍ من الأسبوع. ==نَم== توجد فنادق في ميدواي. وقد جُددت ثكنات البحرية القديمة وحُولت إلى غرف فندقية مريحة، تحتوي كل منها على حمام خاص. وخلال موسم تكاثر طيور القطرس، الذي يبدأ في الشتاء ويستمر حتى مغادرة الفراخ الأعشاش في الصيف، يستمر صوت هذه الطيور طوال الوقت؛ لذلك يُنصح باستخدام سدادات الأذن. ==ابقَ آمنًا== لا توجد جرائم في ميدواي، رغم وجود سجن عسكري قديم تابع للبحرية يمكن استخدامه كسجن. ويُرسل الأشخاص الذين يخالفون القواعد على متن أول طائرة تغادر الجزيرة. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== [[File:Starr 990416-0529 Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|thumb|الدلافين]] يوجد في ميدواي مساعد طبيب، كما أن ثلاثة من العاملين في المطار مدربون على العمل كفنيي طب طوارئ. وتضم العيادة الطبية غرفة للطوارئ وسيارة إسعاف وقسمًا للتصوير بالأشعة السينية. تتمثل المخاطر الصحية الرئيسية في حروق الشمس والجفاف والتواء الكاحلين. وقد يكون الخروج عن المسارات والطرق المحددة خطرًا بسبب طبيعة التضاريس الرملية غير المستقرة، والمليئة بالحفر التي تحفرها طيور النوء أثناء اختبائها وتعشيشها. يتيح مدرج مطار جزيرة ساند إجلاء المصابين أو المرضى ذوي الحالات الخطيرة من ميدواي إلى هونولولو. وتُعد عمليات الإجلاء الجوي مكلفة، ولا يغطيها التأمين الصحي العادي في الغالب. لذلك يُنصح الزوار بالحصول على تأمين سفر يشمل الإجلاء الطبي بشكل صريح. ومن خلال شراكة مع شركة ترافل غارد (Travel Guard)، توفر شبكة تنبيه الغواصين (DAN) مثل هذا النوع من التأمين. وللحصول على أفضل تغطية، يُنصح بشراء التأمين قبل موعد السفر بـ15 يومًا على الأقل. وتوفر شبكة DAN التأمين لكل من الغواصين وغير الغواصين. ==الوجهات التالية== * تتغير الأوضاع في ميدواي باستمرار. وللحصول على معلومات حديثة وموثوقة، يُرجى زيارة الموقع الإلكتروني [http://www.fws.gov www.fws.gov]. * تقع جزيرة كوري المرجانية وجزيرة بيرل وهيرميس المرجانية على بعد 60 ميلًا غربًا و90 ميلًا شرقًا من ميدواي على التوالي. وهما تشكيلان مرجانيان غير مأهولين بالسكان. تنتمي كوري إلى ولاية هاواي، وتضم فريق عمل ميدانيًا موسميًا يتكون من نحو 6 أشخاص يقيمون فيها لمدة 5 أشهر سنويًا. أما جزيرة بيرل وهيرميس، فيوجد فيها فريق متخصص في أبحاث الفقمات لمدة تتراوح بين 6 و8 أسابيع خلال كل صيف، وهي جزء من محمية جزر هاواي الوطنية للحياة البرية. وتخضع كل من كوري وبيرل وهيرميس أيضًا لحماية النصب التذكاري البحري الوطني باباهانوموكواكيا، الذي أُنشئ عام 2007، ويشمل الجزر الواقعة شمال غرب هاواي. * تقع أقرب الجزر المأهولة في أرخبيل [[Wy/ar/هاواي|هاواي]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الشرق والجنوب الشرقي. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ويك|جزيرة ويك]] على بعد نحو 1200 ميل إلى الغرب والجنوب الغربي، وكانت المحطة التالية على خط خدمة «تشاينا كليبر» التابع لشركة بان أمريكان. * تقع [[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] على بعد نحو 1500 ميل إلى الجنوب الغربي. {{Wy/ar/جزء|Wy/ar/بولينيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا}} {{Wy/ar/Geo|28.2|-177.35}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47863}} mmdtz0grzegcqbbtn1abc5py3xg5cny 0 3830884 7386633 2026-11-10T06:59:55Z Almajidy 2647497 Created page with "{{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==افهم== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثل..." 7386633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==افهم== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/Quote|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=تعهد بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==المشروبات== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==الإقامة== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==التعلم== * {{Wy/ar/Listing | name=كلية مجتمع بالاو | alt= | url=http://pcc.palau.edu/ | email= | address= | lat= | long= | directions= | phone= | tollfree= | hours= | price= | wikipedia= | wikidata= | lastedit=2020-01-17 | content=تقدم الكلية درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. }} ==السلامة== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==الصحة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==الاحترام== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==الاتصال== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] ten0joaribe9ava8i7gk5aaw538zye9 7386634 7386633 2026-11-10T07:00:45Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الوصول */ 7386634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==افهم== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==المشروبات== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==الإقامة== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==التعلم== * {{Wy/ar/Listing | name=كلية مجتمع بالاو | alt= | url=http://pcc.palau.edu/ | email= | address= | lat= | long= | directions= | phone= | tollfree= | hours= | price= | wikipedia= | wikidata= | lastedit=2020-01-17 | content=تقدم الكلية درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. }} ==السلامة== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==الصحة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==الاحترام== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==الاتصال== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] qq8qf8rlc72lipt4gof931p8m06k3jo 7386635 7386634 2026-11-10T07:01:27Z Almajidy 2647497 إضافة روابط إنترويكي إلى [[d:Q695]] 7386635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==افهم== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==المشروبات== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==الإقامة== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==التعلم== * {{Wy/ar/Listing | name=كلية مجتمع بالاو | alt= | url=http://pcc.palau.edu/ | email= | address= | lat= | long= | directions= | phone= | tollfree= | hours= | price= | wikipedia= | wikidata= | lastedit=2020-01-17 | content=تقدم الكلية درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. }} ==السلامة== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==الصحة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==الاحترام== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==الاتصال== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} r312oakub9wek2bryrj6t72n5ql32t5 7386636 7386635 2026-11-10T07:01:46Z Almajidy 2647497 /* افهم */ 7386636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==المشروبات== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==الإقامة== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==التعلم== * {{Wy/ar/Listing | name=كلية مجتمع بالاو | alt= | url=http://pcc.palau.edu/ | email= | address= | lat= | long= | directions= | phone= | tollfree= | hours= | price= | wikipedia= | wikidata= | lastedit=2020-01-17 | content=تقدم الكلية درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. }} ==السلامة== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==الصحة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==الاحترام== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==الاتصال== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} hkf9o3jtoqvmj6brkvk3oauhv5ai1qw 7386637 7386636 2026-11-10T07:02:05Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الاحترام */ 7386637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==المشروبات== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==الإقامة== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==التعلم== * {{Wy/ar/Listing | name=كلية مجتمع بالاو | alt= | url=http://pcc.palau.edu/ | email= | address= | lat= | long= | directions= | phone= | tollfree= | hours= | price= | wikipedia= | wikidata= | lastedit=2020-01-17 | content=تقدم الكلية درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. }} ==السلامة== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==الصحة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==الاتصال== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} fdvggb8jkun8h9d761zb5xg309g7lj1 7386638 7386637 2026-11-10T07:02:26Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الاتصال */ 7386638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==المشروبات== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==الإقامة== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==التعلم== * {{Wy/ar/Listing | name=كلية مجتمع بالاو | alt= | url=http://pcc.palau.edu/ | email= | address= | lat= | long= | directions= | phone= | tollfree= | hours= | price= | wikipedia= | wikidata= | lastedit=2020-01-17 | content=تقدم الكلية درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. }} ==السلامة== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==الصحة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} nwvmaqr90owz4xj1v56r10syeor9jyq 7386639 7386638 2026-11-10T07:03:21Z Almajidy 2647497 /* السلامة */ 7386639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==المشروبات== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==الإقامة== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==التعلم== * {{Wy/ar/Listing | name=كلية مجتمع بالاو | alt= | url=http://pcc.palau.edu/ | email= | address= | lat= | long= | directions= | phone= | tollfree= | hours= | price= | wikipedia= | wikidata= | lastedit=2020-01-17 | content=تقدم الكلية درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. }} ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==الصحة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} 73hpjwmfk9k5llnl2oqctfosfd48x1j 7386641 7386639 2026-11-10T07:16:08Z Almajidy 2647497 /* التعلم */ 7386641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==المشروبات== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==الإقامة== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==التعلم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==الصحة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} mjgjpb91v4wg32cnnoukg7wa1mv1udd 7386642 7386641 2026-11-10T07:16:27Z Almajidy 2647497 /* التعلم */ 7386642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==المشروبات== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==الإقامة== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==الصحة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} sednadce0fg28wobuk8bl2of0ieo6u3 7386643 7386642 2026-11-10T07:16:42Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الإقامة */ 7386643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==المشروبات== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==الصحة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} lk4ewk3l1en425zq7r2zji2k23r19xl 7386644 7386643 2026-11-10T07:17:47Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الصحة */ 7386644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==المشروبات== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} rmrpc0p8y3sng4j9dpi8px7weadg232 7386645 7386644 2026-11-10T07:18:02Z Almajidy 2647497 /* المشروبات */ 7386645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==الطعام== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==اشرب== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} 0uuzulqg1s5mxyeyldi17r3ioedh7yw 7386646 7386645 2026-11-10T07:18:19Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الطعام */ 7386646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==التسوق== ===العملة=== {{Template:Wy/ar/Exchange rate US}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==كُل== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==اشرب== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} kle3pwl5bmq2o20xgub3q75oclts503 7386647 7386646 2026-11-10T07:18:52Z Almajidy 2647497 /* التسوق */ 7386647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==الأنشطة== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==اشترِ== ===العملة=== {{Wy/ar/دولار أمريكي}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==كُل== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==اشرب== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} q2o8qh4m3my6g7wefad0qwkox98ngv0 7386648 7386647 2026-11-10T07:21:51Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الأنشطة */ 7386648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==المعالم السياحية== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==افعل== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==اشترِ== ===العملة=== {{Wy/ar/دولار أمريكي}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==كُل== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==اشرب== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} 6pt5alc33fn8atetzlqrewoytrwk80v 7386649 7386648 2026-11-10T07:22:11Z Almajidy 2647497 /* المعالم السياحية */ 7386649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==الحديث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==شاهد== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==افعل== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==اشترِ== ===العملة=== {{Wy/ar/دولار أمريكي}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==كُل== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==اشرب== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} i6m5iyhvw7s2qo9m67il9lv77036vsv 7386650 7386649 2026-11-10T07:23:12Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الحديث */ 7386650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==تحدث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==المناطق== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==شاهد== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==افعل== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==اشترِ== ===العملة=== {{Wy/ar/دولار أمريكي}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==كُل== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==اشرب== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} gdyk3eqvu693mt4unqhfbvttggu2rw2 7386651 7386650 2026-11-10T07:23:33Z Almajidy 2647497 /* المناطق */ 7386651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|caption=بحيرة قناديل البحر}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==تحدث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==الأقاليم== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==شاهد== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==افعل== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==اشترِ== ===العملة=== {{Wy/ar/دولار أمريكي}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==كُل== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==اشرب== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} 3fz2qqfkf0ddd0uk9capbsonubszanq 7386652 7386651 2026-11-10T07:23:59Z Almajidy 2647497 7386652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|بالاو}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==تحدث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==الأقاليم== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/Regionlist | region1name=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] | region1color=#71b37b | region1items=ميليكيوك | region1description=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. | region2name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] | region2color=#d56d76 | region2items= | region2description=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. | region3name=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] | region3color=#d09440 | region3items= | region3description=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. | region4name=بيليليو | region4color=#008080 | region4items= | region4description=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. | region5name=أنغور | region5color=#782121 | region5items= | region5description=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. | region6name=جزر سونسورول | region6color=#b675a0 | region6items= | region6description=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==شاهد== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==افعل== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==اشترِ== ===العملة=== {{Wy/ar/دولار أمريكي}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==كُل== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==اشرب== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} 47rspyayqem8w1p3mbak81ahxvizn5a 7386653 7386652 2026-11-10T07:25:38Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الأقاليم */ 7386653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|بالاو}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==تحدث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==الأقاليم== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] ```wiki {{Wy/ar/قائمة المناطق |المنطقة1اسم=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] |المنطقة1لون=#71b37b |المنطقة1نوع=ميليكيوك |المنطقة1وصف=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. |المنطقة2اسم=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] |المنطقة2لون=#d56d76 |المنطقة2نوع= |المنطقة2وصف=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. |المنطقة3اسم=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] |المنطقة3لون=#d09440 |المنطقة3نوع= |المنطقة3وصف=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. |المنطقة4اسم=بيليليو |المنطقة4لون=#008080 |المنطقة4نوع= |المنطقة4وصف=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. |المنطقة5اسم=أنغور |المنطقة5لون=#782121 |المنطقة5نوع= |المنطقة5وصف=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. |المنطقة6اسم=جزر سونسورول |المنطقة6لون=#b675a0 |المنطقة6نوع= |المنطقة6وصف=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} </div></div> ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==شاهد== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==افعل== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==اشترِ== ===العملة=== {{Wy/ar/دولار أمريكي}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==كُل== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==اشرب== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} byvhj8fefh68mo6rfxr5ua0jn2ov1ss 7386654 7386653 2026-11-10T07:25:52Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الأقاليم */ 7386654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Jellyfish Lake banner.jpg|بالاو}} '''بالاو''' (''Belau'') هي مجموعة تضم أكثر من 300 جزيرة استوائية في منطقة [[Wy/ar/ميكرونيسيا|ميكرونيسيا]] من [[Wy/ar/أوقيانوسيا|المحيط الهادئ]]، إلى الجنوب الشرقي من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. ==تعرّف== {{Wy/ar/Quickbar|location=LocationPalau.png}} بعد ثلاثة عقود من كونها جزءًا من إقليم الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة في جزر المحيط الهادئ، والخاضع للإدارة الأمريكية، اختارت هذه المجموعة الواقعة في أقصى غرب جزر كارولين الاستقلال عام 1978 بدلًا من الانضمام إلى [[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]]. وتمت الموافقة على اتفاقية الارتباط الحر مع الولايات المتحدة عام 1986، لكن لم يتم التصديق عليها حتى عام 1993. وأصبحت بالاو دولة مستقلة في 1 أكتوبر 1994. يُحظر بيع أو شراء أو استخدام واقيات الشمس ومنتجات العناية بالبشرة التي تحتوي على مواد كيميائية تضر بالشعاب المرجانية. ويمكن الاطلاع على التفاصيل في [https://www.icriforum.org/the-republic-of-palau-bans-sunscreen-chemicals-to-protect-its-coral-reefs-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/ صفحة المنتدى الدولي للشعاب المرجانية]. ===التاريخ=== يُحتمل أن سكان بالاو الأوائل قدموا من [[Wy/ar/بولينيزيا|بولينيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/آسيا|آسيا]]. وبحسب أصول العائلات، قد ينحدر سكان بالاو من مناطق مختلفة من [[Wy/ar/ميلانيزيا|ميلانيزيا]] و[[Wy/ar/ميكرونيزيا|ميكرونيزيا]] وبولينيزيا. ومع ذلك، لا يُعتبرون تقليديًا من سكان ميكرونيزيا. وقد حافظ سكان بالاو على مجتمع أمومي النسب راسخ الجذور لآلاف السنين، ويُعتقد أن أصوله تعود إلى تقاليد جاوية قديمة. كانت علاقات بالاو الخارجية محدودة قبل القرن الثامن عشر، واقتصرت أساسًا على ياب و[[Wy/ar/جاوة|جاوة]]. ولولا البحارة الذين تحطمت سفنهم ولجؤوا إلى الفلبين، فمن المرجح أن الأوروبيين لم يكونوا ليكتشفوا بالاو إلا بعد ذلك بوقت طويل. وفي عام 1783، تحطمت سفينة القبطان الإنجليزي هنري ويلسون قبالة جزيرة أولونغ، وكان هو من أطلق على الأرخبيل اسم «جزر بيلِو» (Pelew Islands). وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، طالبت بريطانيا وإسبانيا وألمانيا بالسيادة على الجزر. وفي عام 1885، أُحيل النزاع إلى البابا لاون الثالث عشر للفصل فيه. واعترف البابا بالمطالبة الإسبانية، لكنه منح بريطانيا وألمانيا امتيازات اقتصادية. وبعد ذلك، أصبحت بالاو جزءًا من جزر الهند الشرقية الإسبانية، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/جزر ماريانا الشمالية|جزر ماريانا الشمالية]] وجزر كارولين و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]]. وكانت جميعها تُدار من [[Wy/ar/الفلبين|الفلبين]]. باعت إسبانيا أرخبيل بالاو إلى ألمانيا عام 1899، وبعد ذلك أصبح يُدار من غينيا الجديدة الألمانية، وبدأت مرحلة من التنمية الاقتصادية. وبدأ المهندسون الألمان استغلال رواسب البوكسيت والفوسفات في الجزر، كما ازدهر إنتاج جوز الهند المجفف (الكوبرا). ثم اندلعت الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولم تستمر الفترة الألمانية سوى 15 عامًا، قبل أن تمنح عصبة الأمم بالاو لليابان باعتبارها جزءًا من انتداب جزر البحار الجنوبية. وجعل الوجود الياباني من بالاو هدفًا رئيسيًا لقوات الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وشهدت المنطقة عدة معارك كبرى. ===المناخ=== تتمتع بالاو بمناخ استوائي على مدار العام، ويبلغ متوسط درجة الحرارة السنوية 82 درجة فهرنهايت (28 درجة مئوية). وقد تهطل الأمطار في أي وقت من السنة، ويبلغ متوسط الهطول السنوي نحو 150 بوصة (3800 مم). ويبلغ متوسط الرطوبة خلال العام 82%. وعلى الرغم من تزايد هطول الأمطار بين شهري يوليو وأكتوبر، فإن أشعة الشمس تظل وفيرة. الأعاصير المدارية نادرة، لأن بالاو تقع خارج نطاق الأعاصير الرئيسي. ===الثقافة=== تحافظ بالاو على ممارساتها التقليدية وحياتها الثقافية الحديثة من خلال ارتباطها الوثيق بالطبيعة. ومن التقاليد الثقافية فيها فن الألواح القصصية (''itabori'')، وهو أسلوب لسرد القصص من خلال تسجيل الأساطير القديمة في بالاو ونحتها على الخشب. ===معلومات سياحية=== * الموقع الإلكتروني [https://www.pristineparadisepalau.com/ للسياحة في بالاو]. ==تحدث== اللغتان الإنجليزية و[[Wy/ar/كتاب العبارات البالاوية|البالاوية]] هما اللغتان الرسميتان، رغم أن بعض الجزر تمنح لغاتها المحلية صفة اللغة الرسمية أيضًا. وتُعد ولاية أنغور المكان الوحيد في العالم الذي تُعتبر فيه اللغة اليابانية لغة رسمية، إذ لا توجد لليابان لغة رسمية محددة. ==الأقاليم== [[Image:Palau Regions map.png|thumb|right|425px]] {{Wy/ar/قائمة المناطق |المنطقة1اسم=[[Wy/ar/بابيلداوب|بابيلداوب]] |المنطقة1لون=#71b37b |المنطقة1نوع=ميليكيوك |المنطقة1وصف=أكبر جزر البلاد، ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 6000 نسمة، وتُعرف أيضًا بأسماء Babelthuap وBabelthwap وBabeldoub وBabeldaub وغيرها. |المنطقة2اسم=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]] |المنطقة2لون=#d56d76 |المنطقة2نوع= |المنطقة2وصف=تضم أكبر مدينة في البلاد التي تحمل الاسم نفسه. |المنطقة3اسم=[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]] |المنطقة3لون=#d09440 |المنطقة3نوع= |المنطقة3وصف=موقع مُدرج على قائمة [[Wy/ar/مواقع التراث العالمي|التراث العالمي لليونسكو]]، ويتكون من نحو 300 جزيرة معظمها غير مأهول بالسكان. وتضم بحيرة قناديل البحر، وهي بحيرة تعيش فيها ملايين القناديل ذات اللوامس ضعيفة اللسع، ويمكن لممارسي الغطس السطحي السباحة فيها بأمان. |المنطقة4اسم=بيليليو |المنطقة4لون=#008080 |المنطقة4نوع= |المنطقة4وصف=يعيش فيها نحو 700 شخص، معظمهم في قرية كلوكلوبيد. |المنطقة5اسم=أنغور |المنطقة5لون=#782121 |المنطقة5نوع= |المنطقة5وصف=منطقة نائية في أقصى الجنوب، يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 200 نسمة، وكانت موقعًا لمعركة بحرية كبرى خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، كما أصبحت وجهة معروفة لممارسة رياضة ركوب الأمواج. |المنطقة6اسم=جزر سونسورول |المنطقة6لون=#b675a0 |المنطقة6نوع= |المنطقة6وصف=تتكون من ولايتي سونسورول وهاتوهوبِي، ويعيش في هذه الجزر نحو 100 شخص، وتقع في أقصى الجنوب الغربي من بقية أراضي بالاو. }} </div></div> ==المدن== * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/ميليكيوك|ميليكيوك]]|wikidata=Q154002}} - تبعد نحو كيلومترين عن العاصمة الجديدة نغيرولمود. تقع المدينة في جزيرة بابيلداوب، ويمكن الوصول إليها برحلة ممتعة بالسيارة من كورور عبر الطريق الجديد الذي أنشأته شركة دايو. اعبر الجسر، وستجد الطريق المؤدي إلى ميليكيوك موضحًا بوضوح على اللافتات. * {{Wy/ar/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ar/كورور|كورور]]|wikidata=Q527748}} - أكبر مدن البلاد وعاصمتها السابقة. تضم كورور التجمع الرئيسي الوحيد في بالاو للمتاجر والمطاعم والفنادق. كما تتخذ العديد من أكبر شركات تنظيم رحلات الغوص من المدينة مقرًا لها. ==وجهات أخرى== تستحق الجزر الجنوبية الغربية في بالاو الزيارة إذا كنت تمتلك وسيلة نقل بحرية خاصة بك، مثل يخت قادر على الإبحار في المحيط. وتشمل هذه الجزر سونسورول وفانا وميرييل وهاتوهوبِي وشعاب هيلين المرجانية، وهي منطقة مخصصة للحفاظ على البيئة. لكن احرص على اصطحاب طارد للبعوض إذا زرت جزيرة ميرييل، إذ يُطلق عليها محليًا اسم «الجزيرة الراقصة». اذهب إليها وستعرف السبب! إذا كنت تنوي زيارة أي من هذه الجزر، فمن الحكمة التعرف على حكامها المحليين وزيارة مكاتبهم في كورور. وإذا كنت محظوظًا، فقد تتمكن من السفر على متن سفينة الإمدادات التي تخدم الجزر، وتُسمى «أتول واي» (Atoll Way). ويكون النوم على منصة خشبية صلبة إلى جانب بقية المسافرين، سواء كانوا عائدين إلى جزرهم الأصلية أو ربما طبيبًا من مستشفى جزيرة بيليليو، يقوم بزيارة دورية للاطمئنان على صحة سكان الجزر. ==الوصول== [[File:Visa policy of Palau.svg|thumb|375px|سياسة التأشيرات في بالاو{{Wy/ar/Legend|#ED1C24|بالاو}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#017B32|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (سنة واحدة)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#22B14C|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)}} {{Wy/ar/Legend|#B5E61D|لا حاجة إلى تأشيرة (30 يومًا)}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|#FFD000|تأشيرة عند الوصول}}{{Wy/ar/Legend|black|تأشيرة مطلوبة}}]] ===متطلبات التأشيرة=== لا يحتاج مواطنو أي دولة من دول منطقة شنغن إلى تأشيرة (90 يومًا)، وكذلك مواطنو [[Wy/ar/تايوان|تايوان]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/إسرائيل|إسرائيل]] (90 يومًا)، و[[Wy/ar/جزر مارشال|جزر مارشال]] (سنة واحدة)، و[[Wy/ar/ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة|ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة]] (سنة واحدة). ويمكن لمعظم الزوار الآخرين الحصول على تأشيرة لمدة 30 يومًا عند الوصول، '''باستثناء''' مواطني [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] و[[Wy/ar/ميانمار|ميانمار]]، الذين يتعين عليهم الحصول على تأشيرة مسبقًا. وعند الدخول، يجب على الزوار التوقيع على '''تعهد بالاو''' (Palau Pledge)، وهو تعهد بحماية البيئة. ويُحظر استخدام المواد البلاستيكية ذات الاستخدام الواحد وواقيات الشمس غير الآمنة للشعاب المرجانية. [[File:Europa in Palau.jpg|thumb|سفينة سياحية راسية قبالة ساحل بالاو]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|<i>يا أبناء بالاو،<br> أتعهد، بصفتي ضيفًا بينكم،<br> بالحفاظ على موطنكم الجزري الجميل والفريد وحمايته.</i> <i>أتعهد بأن أسير بخفة،<br> وأن أتصرف بلطف،<br> وأن أستكشف بوعي ومسؤولية.</i> <i>لن آخذ<br> ما لم يُمنح لي.</i> <i>ولن أؤذي<br> ما لا يؤذيني.</i> <i>ولن أترك وراءي<br> سوى آثار أقدام<br> تمحوها الأمواج.</i>|author=قسم بالاو}} ===بالطائرة=== الطائرة هي الخيار العملي الوحيد للوصول إلى البلاد. يوجد مطار واحد فقط، وهو مطار أراي ({{Wy/ar/IATA|ROR}})، المعروف رسميًا باسم '''مطار رومان تميتوشل الدولي'''، ويقع في جزيرة بابيلداوب. ويستقبل المطار رحلات جوية مباشرة منتظمة من بريزبن (أيام السبت فقط)، وغوام، ومانيلا، وناورو، وتايبيه، وطوكيو، بالإضافة إلى رحلات طيران عارض من هونغ كونغ. اعتبارًا من عام 2023، لم تكن سيارات الأجرة تنتظر الركاب القادمين في المطار، ولذلك يتعين عليك ترتيب وسيلة النقل إلى الفندق مسبقًا (بتكلفة تبلغ نحو 30 دولارًا أمريكيًا). ===بالقارب=== الوصول بالقارب ممكن، لكنه لا يُنصح به إلا للبحارة ذوي الخبرة. تزور السفن السياحية بالاو من حين إلى آخر. ==التنقل== ===بسيارة أجرة=== تتوفر العديد من سيارات الأجرة المحلية. ===بالسيارة=== إذا استأجرت سيارة، فاستعد للقيادة ببطء على بعض الطرق الوعرة وغير المستوية. تضم بالاو سيارات بمقود على الجانب الأيسر وأخرى بمقود على الجانب الأيمن، مما قد يسبب بعض الارتباك للسائقين. وتسير حركة المرور على الجانب الأيمن من الطريق. إذا كنت تقود جنوبًا باتجاه متنزه آيس بوكس (Ice Box Park)، فستجد أن المنشأة الواقعة خلفه هي محطة لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. أما الطريق المتجه شمالًا فهو معبّد وجميل جدًا، بمجرد تجاوز المطار. ويُعد استئجار دراجة نارية فكرة جيدة أيضًا. فبالاو صغيرة بما يكفي للتجول فيها بالدراجة النارية، كما أن أسعار الإيجار منخفضة نسبيًا. تُحدد حدود السرعة في بالاو بوحدة '''الميل في الساعة''' (mph)، وتستخدم لافتات السرعة التصميم نفسه المستخدم في [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]. ويبلغ الحد الأقصى الوطني للسرعة {{Wy/ar/Mph|25}}، حتى على الطرق الريفية. كما يُحظر تجاوز المركبات البطيئة. ===بالقارب=== تتم بقية رحلات الغوص بواسطة القوارب، بعد رحلة تستغرق ساعة أو أكثر، وتبلغ تكلفتها نحو 150 دولارًا أمريكيًا للغوصتين باستخدام أسطوانتي هواء. لا توجد مواقع للغوص أو شواطئ في جزيرة كورور، وهي الجزيرة الرئيسية. ==شاهد== [[File:Palau-rock-islands20071222.jpg|thumb|الجزر الصخرية]] تقع معظم المعالم السياحية التي يقصدها الزوار في '''[[Wy/ar/الجزر الصخرية|الجزر الصخرية]]''' أو حولها، والمعروفة باسم ''تشلباتشيبوفير'' (Chelbachebover). تضم هذه المنطقة نحو 250 جزيرة صخرية، كثير منها صغير جدًا وغير مأهول بالسكان، وتوفر مناظر طبيعية ساحرة، كما أنها مدرجة على قائمة التراث العالمي. ومن أشهر مواقع الغوص فيها '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، والثقب الأزرق (Blue Hole)، والقناة الألمانية (German Channel)'''. يمكنك القيام بجولة برفقة مرشد سياحي بين المنحوتات الحجرية القديمة والمدرجات الصخرية، بينما يروي لك المرشد الأساطير المرتبطة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن عدد سكان البلاد يزيد قليلًا على 21 ألف نسمة، فقد تبدو العاصمة نفسها أشبه بقرية صغيرة. ومع ذلك، تضم عددًا من المعالم المثيرة للاهتمام وبعض المتاحف التي تعرض الثقافة التقليدية في بالاو وتاريخ البلاد المضطرب خلال الحرب. لكن الجمال الطبيعي الاستثنائي، فوق سطح الماء وتحته، هو ما يجعل الزوار يتحدثون بإعجاب عن هذه الدولة الجزرية الصغيرة. وتُعد بالاو موطنًا '''لأول محمية لأسماك القرش في العالم'''، وتمتد على مساحة 629 ألف كيلومتر مربع ضمن منطقتها الاقتصادية الخالصة، وتضم تنوعًا من نحو 135 نوعًا من أسماك القرش المهددة بالانقراض. ==افعل== [[File:Bull shark (2007).jpg|thumb|240px|قرش الثور]] تشتهر بالاو عالميًا برياضة [[Wy/ar/الغوص|الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس]]. يقع موقع الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)، الذي يشتهر بوجود أسماك القرش والتيارات البحرية القوية المستمرة، على مسافة تقل عن ساعة بالقارب من معظم المنتجعات. وتوجد العديد من متاجر الغوص المحلية والقوارب المخصصة للإقامة والرحلات البحرية، والتي تنظم جولات إلى مواقع الغوص، بما فيها مواقع معارك [[Wy/ar/الحرب العالمية الثانية|الحرب العالمية الثانية]]. تُعد المواقع التالية من أبرز أماكن الغوص: * '''الركن الأزرق (Blue Corner)''' * '''القناة الألمانية (German Channel)''' * '''قناة أولونغ (Ulong Channel)''' * '''الثقوب الزرقاء (Blue Holes)''' أصبحت ممارسة الغطس السطحي في بحيرة قناديل البحر أقل شعبية في الآونة الأخيرة. تحتوي هذه البحيرة على قناديل بحر تطورت وفقدت قدرتها على اللسع في ظل غياب الحيوانات المفترسة. وتتوفر العديد من الجولات السياحية التي يمكنك الانضمام إليها (100 دولار أمريكي عام 2023)، وتشمل زيارة البحيرة لممارسة الغطس السطحي. ولا يُسمح بالغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس في بحيرة قناديل البحر، كما أنه ليس ضروريًا. ومع ذلك، فإن ارتفاع درجة حرارة البحيرة نتيجة تغير المناخ يدفع قناديل البحر إلى مغادرتها والانتقال إلى أماكن أخرى. ونتيجة لذلك، لا توجد قناديل البحر في البحيرة إلا بصورة متقطعة، ولم تعد أعدادها كبيرة كما كانت قبل بضعة عقود. ولذلك، لا يمكن ضمان مشاهدتها. ==اشترِ== ===العملة=== {{Wy/ar/دولار أمريكي}} تستخدم بالاو '''الدولار الأمريكي''' عملةً رسمية لها (الرمز: '''$'''، ورمز العملة وفق معيار ISO: '''USD''')، وينقسم الدولار الواحد إلى 100 سنت. ===التكاليف=== كما قد تتوقع من دولة جزرية نائية يعتمد اقتصادها أساسًا على السياحة، فإن الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وقد تصل ميزانية السفر اليومية حتى بالنسبة للمسافرين ذوي الإنفاق المحدود إلى نحو 100 دولار أمريكي يوميًا. وأدى ارتفاع أعداد الزوار خلال عامي 2015 و2016، بما في ذلك العديد من الرحلات السياحية الجماعية الصينية، إلى ازدحام سياحي. وفي عام 2017، اقترح الرئيس تومي ريمنغيساو سياسة تهدف إلى إعادة تموضع بالاو باعتبارها وجهة مخصصة أساسًا للمنتجعات والفنادق من فئة الخمس نجوم، أي استقبال عدد أقل من الزوار مقابل إنفاق أعلى، للحد من الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية السلبية للسياحة. ===الإكراميات=== تشبه ثقافة الإكراميات في بالاو نظيرتها في الولايات المتحدة. ولا يُعد دفع الإكرامية إلزاميًا، لكن من المعتاد والمتوقع عمومًا دفع إكرامية تتراوح بين 10 و15%. ===الحرف اليدوية=== تُعد '''الألواح القصصية''' (Storyboards) من أبرز الحرف التقليدية في بالاو، وهي منحوتات خشبية تصور الأساطير والحكايات الشعبية البالاوية. ==كُل== تضم بالاو جاليات كبيرة من تايوان والفلبين وكوريا واليابان والولايات المتحدة، وقد تطورت المتاجر المحلية لتلبية احتياجات هذه الجاليات. لذلك توفر مدينة كورور مجموعة مدهشة من المنتجات الغذائية في متاجرها، وإن كانت بأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا. وتحظى علب الغداء اليابانية المعروفة باسم '''بينتو''' (Bento) بشعبية كبيرة. كما تضم كورور أكبر تجمع للمطاعم في البلاد. ==اشرب== [[File:Red Rooster Beer.JPG|thumb|بيرة الديك الأحمر]] تضم بالاو العديد من الأماكن المرخصة لتقديم المشروبات، بدءًا من الحانات الصغيرة والهادئة وصولًا إلى حانات الكاريوكي ذات الطراز الياباني، والتي تضم فتيات يعملن في تقديم الخدمات الترفيهية. وللحصول على مشروب جيد بسعر معقول، يمكنك تجربة '''سامز دايف شوب''' (Sam's Dive Shop) أو '''هاي تايد''' (High Tide). تتوفر المشروبات الكحولية بسهولة في معظم المتاجر. ولا يُسمح بتناول المشروبات الكحولية في الأماكن العامة، وقد تتدخل الشرطة المحلية بصرامة إذا ضبطتك تفعل ذلك. '''بيرة الديك الأحمر (Red Rooster Beer):''' على الرغم من صغر حجم بالاو، فإنها تضم مصنعًا صغيرًا للبيرة، يقع بجوار فندق ويست بلازا باي ذا سي (انظر أدناه). ويقدم المصنع أنواع أمبر وستاوت وثلاثة أنواع أخرى من البيرة. '''أباي آيس (Abai Ice):''' كوخ صغير في كورور يقدم عصائر الفاكهة الطازجة المخفوقة، ويوصى به بشدة. ==نَم== ===الاقتصادية=== تقدم بالاو عددًا من أماكن الإقامة البوتيكية على طراز '''بيوت الضيافة'''. يقع بعضها بالقرب من كورور أو داخلها، بينما يقع بعضها الآخر خارج المدينة. ويمكن حجز هذه الأماكن دوليًا من خلال متاجر الغوص التي تقدم باقات العطلات، مثل [http://www.samstours.com/ رحلات سامز]. وتبدأ الأسعار من 50 دولارًا أمريكيًا لليلة الواحدة. ===متوسطة التكلفة=== توجد أيضًا مجموعة من الفنادق الجيدة والبسيطة في بالاو. ===الفاخرة=== تضم بالاو العديد من المنتجعات الفاخرة ذات المستوى المرتفع، ويستهدف معظمها محبي الغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس. ==تعلّم== تقدم كلية مجتمع بالاو درجات الزمالة في الآداب والعلوم، إلى جانب الشهادات المهنية والتقنية. وتكون مكتبة الحرم الجامعي مفتوحة للجمهور، كما توفر أجهزة حاسوب للطلاب وأفراد المجتمع والزوار لاستخدام البريد الإلكتروني. والكلية معتمدة من خلال الرابطة الغربية للمدارس والكليات. ==ابقَ آمنًا== تُعد بالاو دولة آمنة إلى حد كبير للزيارة. فالتجول في وسط مدينة كورور ليلًا، حتى بعد منتصف الليل، آمن نسبيًا. ومع ذلك، وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر في العالم اليوم، ينبغي التحلي بالحذر والمنطق السليم. ويجب على المشاة توخي الحذر، نظرًا لمحدودية الأرصفة، حتى في وسط مدينة كورور. [[Image:Desertisland.jpg|thumb|240px|جزيرة هيلين المرجانية النائية]] '''تماسيح المياه المالحة''' (Crocodylus porosus) لا تزال تعيش في غابات المانغروف في بالاو وفي '''الجزر الصخرية''' الجميلة، ومن الممكن العثور عليها في أي مكان في الجزر. وعلى الرغم من سمعتها المخيفة، والمبررة تمامًا في بعض المناطق، فإن هذه التماسيح نادرًا ما تصل هنا إلى الأحجام الهائلة التي تبلغها في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ولم يُسجل سوى هجوم مميت واحد من قبل تمساح في تاريخ بالاو الموثق، وقد وقع عام 1965. وكان أكبر تمساح في تاريخ بالاو يبلغ طوله 15 قدمًا (نحو 4.6 أمتار)، وهو حجم كبير، لكنه يُعد متوسطًا بالنسبة إلى تماسيح المياه المالحة في معظم البلدان الأخرى. وربما يعود انخفاض عدد الهجمات إلى أن عدد التماسيح البالغة في الجزيرة لا يتجاوز 150 تمساحًا. تحظى رياضة الغطس السطحي والغوص باستخدام معدات التنفس بشعبية كبيرة في بالاو. وكان هجوم عام 2012 على أحد السياح أول هجوم من نوعه منذ عام 1965. ووفقًا لإحدى الدراسات الاستقصائية، يبدو أن السكان المحليين يكرهون التماسيح ظلمًا، في تناقض واضح مع التبجيل الذي تحظى به لدى الشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان. ولا تزال أسباب هذا الاختلاف غير واضحة. '''أسماك قرش الثور:''' تنتشر أسماك قرش الثور في المياه الساحلية ومصبات الأنهار، ولذلك ينبغي توخي الحذر دائمًا عند ممارسة الغوص أو الغطس السطحي. ==ابقَ بصحة جيدة== وفقًا لمراكز مكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها الأمريكية [https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/palau (CDC)]، فإن مياه الصنابير في بالاو آمنة للشرب عمومًا. ولا يُنصح بشرب المياه من الآبار الخاصة. ==احترم== اشتهر سكان بالاو عبر التاريخ بكرم الضيافة. ويتميز كثير منهم بالتفهم والقدرة على إدراك الاختلافات الثقافية، كما يحرصون على إظهار الاحترام للزوار الأجانب. ومع ذلك، احرص دائمًا على احترام الثقافة المحلية. وكما هو الحال مع أي مجموعة عرقية أخرى، فإن التعليقات الفظة أو أي شكل من أشكال التحيز ضد الثقافة المحلية لن يكون موضع ترحيب. فقد يكون سكان بالاو غاضبين وفظين بقدر ما يمكن أن يكونوا لطفاء وودودين. وما دمت لا تسيء إلى الثقافة المحلية، ولا تنتهك حرمة المواقع التاريخية، ولا تلوث البيئة، ولا تلحق الضرر بالمحيط بأي شكل من الأشكال، فستجد أن الأجواء المحلية هادئة ومريحة وودية للغاية. ==اتصل== توجد طريقتان للاتصال بالإنترنت في بالاو. يمكنك استخدام شبكات الواي فاي المجانية، المنتشرة في أنحاء كورور، أو شراء بطاقة SIM من إحدى شركتي الاتصالات العاملتين في البلاد (PNCC وGlobus). ويمكن شراء بطاقات SIM من المتاجر الصغيرة ومراكز التسوق أو من المتاجر الرسمية لشركات الاتصالات. ==الوجهات التالية== {{Wy/ar/Geo|7.3500|134.4667|zoom=10}} {{Wy/ar/IsPartOf|ميكرونيزيا}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q695}} 1luw0ygs9v4t0iw06z3ta5owa3oczlj 3 3830886 7386660 2026-11-10T07:39:20Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7386660 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 07:39, 10 November 2026 (UTC) 8o3rfry2pe4vryhocgy2mu4gorunzxy 0 3830889 7386665 2026-11-10T07:52:58Z Almajidy 2647497 Created page with "{{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Cricket banner Local cricket match Leeds.JPG|caption=مباراة كريكيت محلية في ليدز}} '''الكريكيت''' لعبة تُلعب بالمضرب والكرة بين فريقين، يتألف كل منهما من أحد عشر لاعبًا، على ملعب كبير بيضاوي الشكل، ويتركز اللعب في الملعب الصغير الواقع في الوسط. وهي ليست لعبة سريعة؛ إذ قد تستغرق..." 7386665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Cricket banner Local cricket match Leeds.JPG|caption=مباراة كريكيت محلية في ليدز}} '''الكريكيت''' لعبة تُلعب بالمضرب والكرة بين فريقين، يتألف كل منهما من أحد عشر لاعبًا، على ملعب كبير بيضاوي الشكل، ويتركز اللعب في الملعب الصغير الواقع في الوسط. وهي ليست لعبة سريعة؛ إذ قد تستغرق المباراة، بحسب نظامها، 90 دقيقة أو ما يبدو كأنه بقية حياتك. نشأت الكريكيت في إنجلترا، وهي متغلغلة في ثقافتها ولغتها، حتى بين أولئك الذين لا يقتربون من ملاعبها مطلقًا. ومن تعبيراتها الشائعة في البلدان التي تمارسها: «أتمنى لك جولة موفقة»، و«ضربة بستة أشواط»، و«ارمِ كرة ملتوية»، و«ملعب صعب»، و«هذا ليس من روح الكريكيت». وقائمة الاستعارات المأخوذة من الكريكيت في كلام الشعوب التي تلعبها تكاد تطول بقدر قائمة الاستعارات البحرية. وتضم روايات إنجليزية كثيرة مشاهد تدور حول مباريات الكريكيت أو نقاشات جادة بشأنها؛ فرواية [[Wy/ar/أوراق فلاشمان#سيدة فلاشمان|سيدة فلاشمان]] الكوميدية تصف اللعبة كما كانت تُمارس في أربعينيات القرن التاسع عشر. كما استُلهمت شخصية جيفز، خادم بيرتي ووستر في أعمال بي جي وودهاوس، من لاعب الكريكيت الأنيق بيرسي جيفز من وارويكشاير، الذي قُتل في معركة السوم. اذهب إلى مباراة في أي مكان، ولا سيما في موطن اللعبة، لتشاهد نافذة آسرة، وأحيانًا مقلقة، على نفسية العالم الناطق بالإنجليزية. == فهم اللعبة == [[File:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports (Illustration Page 28).png | thumb | 300px | لاعب المضرب يدافع عن الويكيت]] {{Wy/ar/Quote|إنه شهر غريب، أكتوبر. فبالنسبة إلى مشجع الكريكيت المتحمس حقًا، يكون هذا هو الوقت الذي تكتشف فيه أن زوجتك تركتك في مايو. |author=دينيس نوردن، كاتب إنجليزي}} تُمارس الكريكيت في الهواء الطلق على ملعب عشبي كبير دائري أو بيضاوي الشكل، وتُقص حشيشته؛ ولا تُستخدم الأسطح الاصطناعية. وفي الوسط توجد مساحة مستطيلة تُسمى الملعب، ويكون عشبها أقصر. وعند طرفَي الملعب توجد بوابتان تفصل بينهما مسافة 22 ياردة (20 مترًا)، وتتكون كل بوابة من ثلاثة أوتاد خشبية عمودية تعلوها قطعتان خشبيتان صغيرتان. يرمي لاعب الرمي الكرة باتجاه البوابة لإصابتها، بينما يقف لاعب الضرب أمامها ويدافع عنها؛ ويفضل أن يضرب الكرة بعيدًا بما يكفي ليتمكن من الركض إلى البوابة الأخرى وتبديل موقعه مع لاعب الضرب الآخر. ويُحتسب بذلك شوط واحد، وتكون النتيجة أفضل إذا تجاوزت الكرة حدود الملعب، إذ تُحتسب أشواط تلقائية. وهذا يعني أن الكريكيت لا يمكن ممارستها إلا في ظروف دافئة وجافة إلى حد معقول؛ أي في الصيف أو في الموسم الجاف المناظر له. والكرة صلبة، بل شديدة الصلابة إن أصابتك، كما أنها تتباطأ على الأسطح المبتلة. وباستثناء لاعبي الضرب والرمي، يبقى معظم اللاعبين في الملعب ثابتين في مواقعهم، ولا يحافظون على دفئهم بالركض المتواصل كما في مباراة كرة القدم. كما يفضل الجمهور ألا يشعر بالبرد والبلل؛ فمقاعد الملاعب نادرًا ما تكون مغطاة. يحاول لاعب الضرب تسجيل الأشواط، بينما يحاول لاعب الرمي إخراجه من اللعب، أي إقصاءه؛ وعندها يأتي لاعب الضرب التالي، الذي كان جالسًا على جانب الملعب، لمواجهة اللعب. توجد 11 طريقة للإقصاء، لكن الطرق الشائعة عمليًا هي: * '''الإسقاط بالكرة (Bowled)''' – يرمي اللاعب الكرة فتصيب البوابة بقوة تكفي لإسقاط قطعة خشبية واحدة على الأقل من أعلاها. ** «إصابة الويكيت بالمضرب» أو «الضرب بالخطأ على الويكيت» هي حالة فرعية تحدث عندما تؤدي ضربة لاعب الضرب نفسه إلى اصطدام مضربه أو أي جزء من جسمه بالبوابة. * '''الإمساك بالكرة (Caught)''' – يمسك أحد لاعبي الميدان أو لاعب الرمي بالكرة قبل أن تلمس الأرض. ** «الإمساك خلف الويكيت» أو «الإمساك عند الويكيت» هو إمساك حارس الويكيت بالكرة مباشرة خلف البوابة، ويحدث عادة بسبب لمسة خفيفة من لاعب الضرب الذي لم يكن متأكدًا مما إذا كان ينبغي له ضرب الكرة أم تركها تمر. ** «الإمساك من لاعب الرمي» هو أن يمسك لاعب الرمي نفسه الكرة. * '''الإقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت (LBW)''' – تصيب الكرة لاعب الضرب في موضع كان من شأنها أن تصيب فيه البوابة لولا ذلك. غير أن قواعد هذا النوع من الإقصاء شديدة التعقيد، وتُستثنى من القاعدة بعض الحالات التي قد تبدو واضحة للمبتدئين. لذلك طُوّر نظام مراجعة القرارات (DRS) في عام 2008 لتسهيل اتخاذ القرار. * '''الإقصاء أثناء الركض (Run out)''' – يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته أثناء محاولته تسجيل شوط، فيرمي أحد لاعبي الميدان الكرة لكسر البوابة. * '''الإقصاء بالتغفيل (Stumped)''' – وهو شبيه بالحالة السابقة؛ إذ يكسر حارس الويكيت البوابة بالكرة عندما يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته، بعد أن يتقدم لمحاولة ضرب الكرة ويخفق في إصابتها، بدلًا من أن يكون محاولًا تسجيل شوط. إذا نجح لاعب الرمي في إقصاء ثلاثة لاعبين بثلاث رميات متتالية، بأي طريقة كانت، فيقال إنه حقق «هاتريك». ومنذ عام 1858 لم يعد الجمهور يجمع المال لشراء قبعة للاعب الرمي من حصيلة التبرعات، لكن المصطلح انتشر على نطاق واسع في الرياضات الأخرى وفي جوانب الحياة المختلفة. أما «حصيلة خمسة ويكيتات»، المعروفة أيضًا باسم «خمسة مقابل» أو «فيفر»، فتشير إلى إقصاء لاعب الرمي خمسة لاعبين في جولة واحدة، بينما تشير «حصيلة عشرة ويكيتات» إلى إقصائه عشرة لاعبين في مباراة واحدة. [[File:Tom Browne, Illustrated Sports Cricket.png | thumb | 300px | «أوووزات؟!» – ربما لم يكن اللاعب خارجًا]] ومن غرائب اللعبة أن اللاعب المهزوم لا يُقصى تلقائيًا؛ بل يجب على الفريق المدافع أن يسأل الحكم: «ما رأيك؟»، أي هل اللاعب خارج أم لا؟ وهو نداء حماسي أشبه بصيحة «أوووزات؟!». فلا اعتراض من الفريق المدافع، لا إقصاء للاعب. وهذه القاعدة غريبة على مشجعي البيسبول، حيث يعلن الحكام تقريبًا جميع حالات الإقصاء مباشرة دون الحاجة إلى طلب من الفريق المدافع. يرفع الحكم إصبعًا واحدًا للإشارة إلى أن اللاعب خارج، وإلا فيبقى جامدًا بينما يبدي لاعبو الميدان تعابير الدهشة وعدم التصديق. وقد يكون القرار «ليس خارجًا» إذا كان لاعب الرمي قد أرسل كرة غير قانونية، أو إذا لم تلمس الكرة مضرب لاعب الضرب في طريقها إلى قفازي حارس الويكيت، أو إذا لمست المضرب قبل أن تبدو الحالة كأنها إقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت، وغير ذلك. ويستعين الحكام في المباريات الاحترافية بالتقنيات، كما يمكن للفرق الاعتراض على القرارات ضمن حدود معينة، وتعرض الشاشات الكبيرة في الملاعب كل واقعة بالحركة البطيئة. بعد إكمال شوط، يصل لاعب الضرب غير المواجه للكرة إلى طرف الضرب، لكن يمكنه الانطلاق فورًا للعودة وتسجيل شوط ثانٍ إذا كان لاعبو الميدان لا يزالون يطاردون الكرة. أما تسجيل ثلاثة أشواط أو أكثر بالركض، بدلًا من ضربات الحدود، فلا يحدث عادة إلا بسبب خطأ من لاعبي الميدان؛ كأن تُرمى الكرة فلا تصيب أيًا من الأهداف الممكنة في الملعب، ثم تواصل اندفاعها إلى الطرف الآخر، وهو ما يُعرف بالرمي الزائد. ويؤدي ضرب الكرة إلى ما وراء حدود الملعب إلى احتساب أربعة أشواط تلقائيًا، أو ستة إذا تجاوزت الحدود من دون أن تلمس الأرض. وقد تُمنح أشواط إضافية لفريق الضرب بسبب الكرة غير القانونية (إذا نفذ لاعب الرمي رمية مخالفة للقواعد)، أو الكرة الواسعة، أو إذا مرت الكرة من دون أن يضربها أحد وتجاوزت الحدود، وهو ما يُسمى «باي». (هل أدخل حكام الكريكيت الاستعماريون في هونغ كونغ رياضة التاي تشي إلى الصين، من خلال إشاراتهم إلى هذه المخالفات والعقوبات المختلفة؟) ويصفق الجمهور للاعب الذي يسجل «نصف قرن»، أي 50 شوطًا في جولة واحدة، ويحظى من يسجل مئة شوط بتقدير أكبر. لكن النتيجة الأكثر شيوعًا بفارق كبير هي أن يصد لاعب الضرب الكرة من دون تسجيل أي شوط؛ وتُسمى هذه «كرة بلا أشواط»، لأنها تُسجل بهذه الطريقة في دفاتر المسجلين. ويمكن للاعب دفاعي جيد أن يواصل ذلك طوال فترة ما بعد الظهر، بينما يتثاءب المتفرجون ويصيح عشاق اللعبة المتشددون إعجابًا بالمهارة، وهم يتساءلون سرًا إن كان الوقت مبكرًا لطلب مشروب الجن. بعد رمي ست كرات، تُسمى المجموعة «أوفر». ويبقى لاعبا الضرب في موقعيهما، ويأتي لاعب رمي آخر من الطرف المقابل، فيصبح اللاعب الذي لم يكن يواجه الكرة هو المواجه لها، ويتحرك لاعبو الميدان لتغيير مواقعهم وفقًا لذلك. لكن إذا سجل اللاعب المواجه للكرة شوطًا واحدًا في الرمية الأخيرة من الأوفر، فإنه يحتفظ بحق مواجهة الكرة في الأوفر التالي. (يساعد هذا التناوب على موازنة الاختلافات في سطح الملعب وأشعة الشمس وما إلى ذلك). وعندما يُقصى عشرة لاعبين، ينتهي دور فريق الضرب بأكمله، إذ لا يبقى للاعب الحادي عشر شريك. وهذا يُكمل «جولة»، ويكون لها مجموع أشواط يتعين على الفريق الآخر تجاوزه. وقد تنتهي الجولة أيضًا بعد عدد محدد من الأوفرات، مثل 20 أو 50 في الأنظمة القصيرة، أو عن طريق «إعلان إنهاء الضرب»، أي إنهاء فريق الضرب جولته لأن مجموع أشواطه يبدو بعيد المنال بالنسبة إلى الفريق المنافس، وذلك في مباريات الاختبار ومباريات الدرجة الأولى. ولا ينهي الطقس السيئ أو حلول الظلام الجولة إذا كان من الممكن استئناف اللعب لاحقًا، لكن ذلك قد لا يكون ممكنًا في اليوم الأخير من المباراة. وفي مباريات الدرجة الأولى، يلعب كل فريق جولتين؛ أما المستويات والأنظمة الأخرى فتقتصر على جولة واحدة. ويلقي قائدا الفريقين عملة معدنية في بداية المباراة لتحديد ترتيب الضرب؛ وغالبًا ما يختار الفائز أن يبدأ بالضرب، لكن في بعض الظروف، وبالنظر إلى توقعات الطقس، يكون من الأفضل أن يبدأ بالرمي. [[File:GandM Purist-Grace match cricket balls.jpg | thumb | 300px | كرات الكريكيت صغيرة وصلبة، وصلبة جدًا بالفعل]] يُعد مركز لاعب الرمي الأكثر إرهاقًا في الملعب، ولذلك يحتاج كل فريق إلى التناوب بين عدة لاعبين للرمي، مع الأخذ في الحسبان أنهم سيضطرون بدورهم إلى الضرب، وقد لا يكونون بارعين فيه كثيرًا. وسلاحهم الأساسي هو السرعة. يستطيع لاعب الرمي السريع المصنف ضمن الأفضل إرسال الكرة بسرعة تتجاوز 90 ميلًا في الساعة (150 كم/ساعة)، ما يترك للاعب الضرب 0.1 ثانية لتقدير مسارها واختيار الضربة المناسبة، و0.3 ثانية فقط لتحريك أطرافه ومضربه إلى الوضع الصحيح. وفوق ذلك، ترتد الكرة مرة واحدة أثناء سيرها، ولذلك فإن أي دوران فيها يجعل مسارها ينحرف، ولا سيما إذا ارتدت عن منطقة خشنة. أما لاعبو الرمي الدوراني فلا يتميزون بسرعة كبيرة، لكن لديهم قدرة مدهشة على جعل الكرة تتصرف على نحو غير متوقع. ويتم توزيع لاعبي الميدان وفقًا لذلك. ولكل موقع في الملعب اسم غريب، فمثلًا يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية» قريبًا من لاعب الرمي، بينما يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير» قريبًا جدًا من لاعب الضرب إلى درجة تجعل الوقوف فيه ضربًا من الجنون. تذكّر أن الكرة صلبة جدًا! إذا انتهت أيام المباراة أو وقتها أو سمح الطقس بإنهائها، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا» حتى لو كان أحد الفريقين متأخرًا حتمًا في عدد الأشواط. وهذه نتيجة شائعة، وقد سُجل أفضل مجموع فردي على الإطلاق، وهو 501 شوط دون إقصاء، باسم برايان لارا لصالح وارويكشاير أمام دورهام في عام 1994، في مباراة انتهت بالتعادل. ويفوز الفريق بتسجيل عدد أشواط أكبر، الأمر بهذه البساطة، لكن طريقة التعبير عن النتيجة تحتاج إلى توضيح. فإذا كان الفريق في منتصف جولته وقد سجل 155 شوطًا وخسر سبعة لاعبين، يقال إن نتيجته «155 مقابل 7». وإذا أضاف اللاعبون المتأخرون 30 شوطًا أخرى، تنتهي الجولة بنتيجة «185 مع خروج الجميع». ويأتي دور الفريق الآخر للضرب، ولنفترض أنه أنهى جولته عند 160 شوطًا مع خروج الجميع؛ عندها يكون الفريق الأول قد فاز بفارق 25 شوطًا. أما إذا تجاوز الفريق الثاني هدف 185 شوطًا، فيكفيه تسجيل شوط واحد إضافي، ولا يواصل الضرب بعد ذلك. ويقال إنه فاز، مثلًا، «بثلاثة ويكيتات»، إذا بقي أربعة لاعبين لم يُقصوا أو لم يحن دورهم بعد، مع مراعاة أن الإقصاء العاشر أو الويكيت العاشر ينهي الجولة. وقد يفوز فريق «بجولة كاملة» إذا سجل في جولة واحدة أشواطًا أكثر مما يستطيع الفريق الآخر جمعه في جولتين، وهي هزيمة مذلة. وإذا تساوى عدد الأشواط عند اكتمال المباراة، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا متكافئًا» (Tie)، لا «تعادلًا» (Draw)، ويحدث ذلك في نحو مباراة واحدة من كل ألف مباراة. تُعد «مباريات الاختبار» قمة اللعبة، وهي مباريات دولية كاملة المدة بين أفضل البلدان. وتُحدد مدتها بخمسة أيام، لكنها تنتهي غالبًا في أربعة؛ إذ يُترك اليوم الأخير احتياطيًا تحسبًا لسوء الأحوال الجوية. وإذا انتهت المباراة في ثلاثة أيام، فهذا يعني أن أحد الفريقين تعرض لهزيمة ساحقة. أما المباريات الدولية مع البلدان الأخرى أو وفق الأنظمة الأقصر، فلا تُحتسب مباريات اختبار، ولذلك تجذب نقاطًا أقل في التصنيف. ومن الأنظمة القصيرة الشائعة مباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية (ODI)، حيث تُحدد المباراة بخمسين أوفرًا لكل فريق وتستغرق نحو تسع ساعات. أما مباريات «الدرجة الأولى» فهي أبرز المباريات المحلية كاملة المدة، مثل المباريات بين مقاطعات إنجلترا؛ وتستمر أربعة أيام، وغالبًا ما تنتهي في ثلاثة. وأكثر الأنظمة القصيرة شيوعًا هو «عشرون 20» (T20)، حيث يُسمح لكل فريق بعشرين أوفرًا، وقد تُضاف إليها فترات «اللعب القوي» التي تفرض قيودًا على مواقع لاعبي الميدان لتشجيع الضرب الجريء. == حضور المباراة == [[File:England v New Zealand second day of the third test, Headingley (24th June 2022) 019.jpg | thumb | 300px | إطعام الأفعى في مباراة اختبار في هيدينغلي]] قد تنفد تذاكر مباريات الاختبار، لكن من غير المرجح أن تواجه صعوبة في الحصول على تذاكر المباريات الأخرى. وفي مباريات منتصف الأسبوع في المستويات الأدنى، قد تؤدي زيارتك إلى رفع عدد الحضور إلى خانتين فقط. وتكمن المشكلة الكبرى في تخمين موعد وصول مباراة من الدرجة الأولى إلى ذروتها؛ وهو أمر يثير استياء القنوات التلفزيونية والجهات الراعية بشدة. فقد يكون اليوم الخامس من مباراة اختبار حدثًا بلا أهمية لأن اللعب انتهى في اليوم الرابع، أو قد يكون يومًا حافلًا بالإثارة والتشويق، أو مجرد استكمال متوقع لهزيمة محسومة، أو يومًا من الأمطار الغزيرة المتواصلة، أو صراعًا مرهقًا ينتهي بالتعادل. يتدرب اللاعبون لتحسين لياقتهم البدنية ولتحديد التشكيلة قبل المباراة بيومين، في منطقة تُسمى «الشباك». كما يتدرب اللاعبون على الضرب والرمي داخل الشباك قبل المباراة للتعرف إلى طبيعة سطح الملعب. وتساعد الشباك اللاعبين الشباب على تحسين مهاراتهم، من خلال اختبار ما إذا كانوا جيدين بما يكفي للانضمام إلى التشكيلة أم لا. ويتدرب فيها أيضًا اللاعبون الاحتياطيون. يمتزج مشجعو الفريقين المتنافسين بود داخل الملعب وخارجه، ويصفقون للعب الجيد حتى من جانب الخصوم. ارتدِ ملابس مريحة، وتذكر أن قضاء يوم طويل في الخارج يعني احتمال تغير الطقس. استخدم وسائل الحماية من الشمس حتى في الأيام الغائمة؛ إذ تنفذ كمية كبيرة من الأشعة فوق البنفسجية عبر السحب، وارتدِ معطفًا واقيًا من المطر أو احمل مظلة إذا هطل المطر. يرتدي لاعبو فريقي الكريكيت اللون الأبيض، ولا تُستخدم ألوان الفرق إلا في الأنظمة القصيرة، لذلك نادرًا ما يرتدي المشجعون ألوان فرقهم. ويتنكر عدد ملحوظ من المشجعين بملابس غريبة، لذلك قد ترى اثني عشر شابًا يرتدون جميعًا زي سبايدرمان أو التماسيح أو أي شيء آخر. وأكثر الجماعات تميزًا هي أعضاء نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC) في ملعب لوردز، بسترهم الفاقعة ذات اللونين اللذين يشبهان البيض المقدد، وبشرتهم ذات الألوان المشابهة. إذا التقطت كرة ضُربت إلى المدرجات، فستكسب التقدير، لكن عليك إعادتها إلى اللاعبين بسرعة. ليس الأمر أنهم يبخلون بالكرات، لكن تغيير الكرة يبدل ديناميكيات المباراة وله طقوسه الخاصة. كما أنك لن تُقصي لاعب الضرب، لذا فمن الأفضل لك، بصراحة، أن تتفاداها. تذكّر أنها صلبة جدًا! «إطعام الأفعى»: تقدم ملاعب الكريكيت البيرة في أكواب بلاستيكية يمكن التخلص منها، سعة كل منها نصف لتر. ويُستهلك منها الكثير، ومن آداب التعامل مع الأكواب الفارغة أن تصفها بعناية إلى جانب أكواب جيرانك، ثم أكواب جيرانهم، وهكذا. ومع اقتراب نهاية اللعب، تكتسب «أفعى البيرة» المكونة من الأكواب الفارغة حياة خاصة بها، فتلتوي وتتمدد عبر المدرجات. إنها حقًا السلالة النبيلة لأفعى الناغا الهندوسية، وأفعى قوس قزح في معتقدات السكان الأصليين الأستراليين، وآلهة مشاهدة الكريكيت الأفعوانية في أرجاء الكون. == البلدان الرئيسية التي تمارس اللعبة == [[File:MCC member.jpg | thumb | 300px | لا يزال لنادي ماريليبون للكريكيت نفوذ كبير]] نشأت الكريكيت في العصور الوسطى في جنوب شرق إنجلترا، حيث كانت الأغنام تقص العشب برعيه حتى يصبح قصيرًا. وكانت الكرة تُرمى باتجاه بوابة حظيرة الأغنام، ويدافع عنها الراعي باستخدام عصا معقوفة. وكان كثير من الرعاة في كنت وساسكس وسري مهاجرين من فلاندرز، ولذلك كانوا يقولون إنهم ضربوا الكرة بعبارة ''met de krikke ketsen''. وهكذا، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/الغولف|الغولف]]، تكون هذه لعبة أخرى أفلتت من أيدي الهولنديين، ثم نمت في إنجلترا (لا في بريطانيا كلها)، ونُظمت وانتشرت إلى أنحاء العالم. ومن الواضح أن انتشارها كان إلى البلدان ذات الروابط الاستعمارية القوية؛ حيث كان المستوطنون يجمعون الفرق ويتحدون ثكنات الجيش المحلية في مباراة، ويطلبون من فتى الإسطبل الوقوف في موقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير». ولذلك أصبحت هذه البلدان اليوم أبرز الدول في لعبة الكريكيت. كان نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC)، الذي تأسس عام 1787 ويتخذ من ملعب لوردز في لندن مقرًا له، أول هيئة دولية حاكمة للعبة، ولا يزال يتمتع بنفوذ كبير. لكن القيادة انتقلت منذ عام 1909 إلى المجلس الدولي للكريكيت (ICC)، الذي يقع مقره في دبي منذ عام 2005. وينظم المجلس البطولات الكبرى، ويعين كبار الحكام، ويعزز قواعد السلوك؛ ومن أبرز اهتماماته مكافحة الفساد. ويضم اثنتي عشرة دولة عضوًا كاملة، ولا تُحتسب مباريات الاختبار إلا بين هذه الدول. وتُعد بطولة كأس العالم للكريكيت أبرز بطولة دولية، لكنها تُقام بنظام اليوم الواحد. وتُجرى كل أربع سنوات؛ إذ استضافتها الهند عام 2023، وستستضيفها جنوب أفريقيا وزيمبابوي وناميبيا معًا عام 2027. ومن اللافت أن اللعبة كاملة المدة لا تُمارس ضمن بطولة كبرى، وأن معظم المباريات الدولية تُرتب بصورة ثنائية وارتجالية. ولا يوجد نظام «دوري»؛ لكن البلدان الرائدة تلعب مع جميع البلدان الأخرى على مدى دورة مدتها عامان لجمع نقاط التصنيف. الدول الأعضاء الإحدى عشرة كاملة العضوية هي أفغانستان، وأستراليا، وبنغلاديش، وإنجلترا وويلز، والهند، وأيرلندا، ونيوزيلندا، وباكستان، وجنوب أفريقيا، وسريلانكا، وجزر الهند الغربية. وهناك 96 دولة أخرى أعضاء منتسبة. === [[Wy/ar/أفغانستان|أفغانستان]] === لعبت القوات البريطانية الكريكيت للمرة الأولى في أفغانستان عام 1839، لكن مجلس الكريكيت الأفغاني لم يُشكّل إلا عام 1995. عانت البلاد قرونًا من الحروب والصراعات الداخلية، ولذلك لم تحقق الكريكيت فيها تقدمًا يُذكر، شأنها شأن أمور أخرى مثل الصحة والتعليم والإسكان. وما أبقى اللعبة حية هو وجود لاعبين أفغان في الدوريات المحلية في الهند وباكستان، وقد حصلت أفغانستان على صفة عضو اختباري عام 2017. === [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] === الكريكيت هي الرياضة الصيفية الأكثر شعبية، وتُمارس من سبتمبر إلى أبريل، عندما تكون كرة القدم الأسترالية وفق قواعدها الخاصة ودوري الرجبي في فترة توقف موسمهما؛ وغالبًا ما تُستخدم الملاعب نفسها لهذه الرياضات. سُجلت أول مباراة معروفة في سيدني عام 1803، وخاض المنتخب الأسترالي أول مباراة له عام 1877. وسرعان ما تطور مستواه، وجاء أحد انتصاراته الشهيرة في ملعب ذا أوفال في لندن عام 1882، وكان أول فوز له في مباراة اختبار بإنجلترا. ونشرت صحيفة «ذا سبورتينغ تايمز» نعيًا ساخرًا للكريكيت الإنجليزية، جاء فيه: «سيُحرق الجثمان ويُنقل الرماد إلى أستراليا». وقبل مباراة العودة في أستراليا، تعهد قائد المنتخب الإنجليزي «باستعادة الرماد»، وعندما حقق الفوز أُهدي جرة صغيرة تحتوي على رماد إحدى قطع الويكيت الخشبية. وأصبح «الرماد» اليوم اسم سلسلة مباريات الاختبار بين المنتخبين، ويحمل الفائز نسخة احتفالية من الجرة؛ أما الأصلية فهي هشة وتُعرض بصورة دائمة في ملعب لوردز. وإذا انتهت السلسلة بالتعادل، يحتفظ بالكأس الفريق الذي فاز بها في آخر مرة. ومنذ عام 1993، يتواجه نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت ونادي ملبورن للكريكيت دائمًا في مباراة بنظام اليوم الواحد، في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في لوردز عندما تستضيف إنجلترا السلسلة، أو في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت عندما تستضيف أستراليا السلسلة. [[File:Ashes Urn.jpg | thumb | 300px | جرة «الرماد»]] في عام 1977، هزت الكريكيت عالميًا، ولا سيما في أستراليا، عندما أطلق قطب الإعلام كيري باكر (1937–2005) بطولة عالمية منفصلة عن الهيئات الرسمية. وقال إن سلطات الكريكيت لم تكن تستغل إمكانات اللعبة التجارية، وإن كبار اللاعبين كانوا يتقاضون جزءًا ضئيلًا مما يمكنهم كسبه. وبعد عامين، جرى التوصل إلى تسوية (أم كانت تنازلًا؟) وانتهى المشروع المنافس، لكن كثيرًا من سمات اللعبة الحديثة هي إرث الصدمة الإيجابية التي أحدثها باكر. فالمباريات المسائية تحت الأضواء الكاشفة تتيح للموظفين والعاملين حضورها بعد العمل؛ فلماذا لم يفكر أحد في ذلك من قبل؟ واليوم، تُعد «كريكيت أستراليا» الهيئة الحاكمة للعبة، وتُعرف مباريات الدرجة الأولى باسم «كريكيت الدرجات». ومنذ فوز أستراليا بأول لقب لها في كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد عام 1987، ظلت منافسًا قويًا في أنظمة الكريكيت القصيرة. وتتواجه الولايات الست على درع شيفيلد في مباريات من أربعة أيام، وعلى كأس مارش في مباريات اليوم الواحد. وتتنافس ثماني مدن في دوري «بيغ باش» الذي تُقام مبارياته بعشرين أوفرًا. وفازت أستراليا ببطولة العالم للاختبار في دورة 2021–2023. '''مباريات الاختبار''' تُقام عادة في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/ملبورن|ملبورن]]، وملعب سيدني للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]]، وملعب ذا غابا في [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]، وملعب بيرث في [[Wy/ar/بيرث|بيرث]]، وأديلايد أوفال في [[Wy/ar/أديلايد|أديلايد]]. أستراليا هي أنجح دولة في تاريخ كأس العالم للكريكيت، إذ فازت بالكأس ست مرات، وهو رقم قياسي. * '''ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت''' (MCG)، المعروف أيضًا باسم «ذا جي»، يقع في حديقة يارا ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/ملبورن/الشرق الداخلي|ريتشموند]] في ملبورن، ويُعد، على الأرجح، ثاني أهم ملعب للكريكيت في العالم بعد ملعب لوردز في لندن. وهو ملعب متعدد الاستخدامات، وتزيد سعته قليلًا على 100,000 متفرج، ما جعله أكبر ملعب في العالم حتى تجاوزته منشأة أحمد آباد عام 2021. ويستضيف فريق ولاية فيكتوريا وفريق ملبورن ستارز في دوري بيغ باش؛ كما يستضيف مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية في الشتاء. وتُقام فيه مباراة اختبار يوم الصناديق، وهي مباراة بين أستراليا وفريق زائر، سنويًا من 26 إلى 30 ديسمبر. ويضم الملعب أيضًا المتحف الأسترالي للرياضة، الذي يحتوي على '''قاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الأسترالية'''، إلى جانب قسم مخصص لتاريخ نادي ملبورن للكريكيت، مالك الملعب. : '''دوكلاندز''' أو ملعب مارفل هو منشأة أخرى متعددة الاستخدامات، ويستضيف فريق ملبورن رينيغيدز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''ملعب سيدني للكريكيت''' يقع في مور بارك ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/سيدني/شرق المدينة|شرق المدينة]]، خارج مركز سيدني مباشرة. ويستضيف المنتخب الوطني وفريق ولاية نيو ساوث ويلز وفريق سيدني سيكسرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''سيدني شوغراوند''' أو غاينتس أرينا، الواقع في الحديقة الأولمبية، يستضيف فريق سيدني ثاندر في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''متحف برادمان وقاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الدولية''' يقعان في [[Wy/ar/باورال|باورال]] ضمن المرتفعات الجنوبية في نيو ساوث ويلز. * '''أديلايد أوفال'''، الذي يتسع لـ53,500 متفرج، يقع في الحدائق العامة شمال [[Wy/ar/أديلايد/المدينة وأديلايد الشمالية|مركز المدينة]] مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية جنوب أستراليا وفريق أديلايد سترايكرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ذا غابا''' هو الاسم الشائع لملعب بريزبن للكريكيت، ويقع في منطقة وولونغابا جنوب النهر من وسط [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]. ويتسع لـ36,000 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية كوينزلاند وفريق بريزبن بولز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ملعب بيرث'''، الذي يتسع لـ60,000 متفرج، يقع في شبه جزيرة [[Wy/ar/بيرث/الضواحي|بورسوود]] جنوب النهر من وسط بيرث مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية أستراليا الغربية وفريق بيرث سكورشرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''ملعب واكا للكريكيت''' في وسط المدينة، وهو الملعب السابق لمباريات الاختبار في بيرث قبل اكتمال ملعب بيرث، أُغلق لإعادة التطوير حتى عام 2024. وبعد ذلك استضاف مباريات الكريكيت وكرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''بيليريف أوفال''' أو بلوندستون أرينا يقع في منطقة بيليريف بمدينة [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]]، على الضفة الشرقية لنهر ديروينت. ويتسع لـ19,500 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية تسمانيا وفريق هوبارت هوريكينز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''مانوكا أوفال''' يقع في [[Wy/ar/كانبيرا/جنوب كانبيرا|غريفيث]] جنوب وسط كانبيرا، في إقليم العاصمة الأسترالية. ويستضيف مباريات بين الحين والآخر، بما فيها مباريات دولية، لكنه لا يضم فريقًا مقيمًا. [[Category:Wy/ar]] nbjmf5v7114e4464qndbr9r3k5hz7g4 7386666 7386665 2026-11-10T07:53:21Z Almajidy 2647497 /* فهم اللعبة */ 7386666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Cricket banner Local cricket match Leeds.JPG|caption=مباراة كريكيت محلية في ليدز}} '''الكريكيت''' لعبة تُلعب بالمضرب والكرة بين فريقين، يتألف كل منهما من أحد عشر لاعبًا، على ملعب كبير بيضاوي الشكل، ويتركز اللعب في الملعب الصغير الواقع في الوسط. وهي ليست لعبة سريعة؛ إذ قد تستغرق المباراة، بحسب نظامها، 90 دقيقة أو ما يبدو كأنه بقية حياتك. نشأت الكريكيت في إنجلترا، وهي متغلغلة في ثقافتها ولغتها، حتى بين أولئك الذين لا يقتربون من ملاعبها مطلقًا. ومن تعبيراتها الشائعة في البلدان التي تمارسها: «أتمنى لك جولة موفقة»، و«ضربة بستة أشواط»، و«ارمِ كرة ملتوية»، و«ملعب صعب»، و«هذا ليس من روح الكريكيت». وقائمة الاستعارات المأخوذة من الكريكيت في كلام الشعوب التي تلعبها تكاد تطول بقدر قائمة الاستعارات البحرية. وتضم روايات إنجليزية كثيرة مشاهد تدور حول مباريات الكريكيت أو نقاشات جادة بشأنها؛ فرواية [[Wy/ar/أوراق فلاشمان#سيدة فلاشمان|سيدة فلاشمان]] الكوميدية تصف اللعبة كما كانت تُمارس في أربعينيات القرن التاسع عشر. كما استُلهمت شخصية جيفز، خادم بيرتي ووستر في أعمال بي جي وودهاوس، من لاعب الكريكيت الأنيق بيرسي جيفز من وارويكشاير، الذي قُتل في معركة السوم. اذهب إلى مباراة في أي مكان، ولا سيما في موطن اللعبة، لتشاهد نافذة آسرة، وأحيانًا مقلقة، على نفسية العالم الناطق بالإنجليزية. ==تعرّف== [[File:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports (Illustration Page 28).png | thumb | 300px | لاعب المضرب يدافع عن الويكيت]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|إنه شهر غريب، أكتوبر. فبالنسبة إلى مشجع الكريكيت المتحمس حقًا، يكون هذا هو الوقت الذي تكتشف فيه أن زوجتك تركتك في مايو. |author=دينيس نوردن، كاتب إنجليزي}} تُمارس الكريكيت في الهواء الطلق على ملعب عشبي كبير دائري أو بيضاوي الشكل، وتُقص حشيشته؛ ولا تُستخدم الأسطح الاصطناعية. وفي الوسط توجد مساحة مستطيلة تُسمى الملعب، ويكون عشبها أقصر. وعند طرفَي الملعب توجد بوابتان تفصل بينهما مسافة 22 ياردة (20 مترًا)، وتتكون كل بوابة من ثلاثة أوتاد خشبية عمودية تعلوها قطعتان خشبيتان صغيرتان. يرمي لاعب الرمي الكرة باتجاه البوابة لإصابتها، بينما يقف لاعب الضرب أمامها ويدافع عنها؛ ويفضل أن يضرب الكرة بعيدًا بما يكفي ليتمكن من الركض إلى البوابة الأخرى وتبديل موقعه مع لاعب الضرب الآخر. ويُحتسب بذلك شوط واحد، وتكون النتيجة أفضل إذا تجاوزت الكرة حدود الملعب، إذ تُحتسب أشواط تلقائية. وهذا يعني أن الكريكيت لا يمكن ممارستها إلا في ظروف دافئة وجافة إلى حد معقول؛ أي في الصيف أو في الموسم الجاف المناظر له. والكرة صلبة، بل شديدة الصلابة إن أصابتك، كما أنها تتباطأ على الأسطح المبتلة. وباستثناء لاعبي الضرب والرمي، يبقى معظم اللاعبين في الملعب ثابتين في مواقعهم، ولا يحافظون على دفئهم بالركض المتواصل كما في مباراة كرة القدم. كما يفضل الجمهور ألا يشعر بالبرد والبلل؛ فمقاعد الملاعب نادرًا ما تكون مغطاة. يحاول لاعب الضرب تسجيل الأشواط، بينما يحاول لاعب الرمي إخراجه من اللعب، أي إقصاءه؛ وعندها يأتي لاعب الضرب التالي، الذي كان جالسًا على جانب الملعب، لمواجهة اللعب. توجد 11 طريقة للإقصاء، لكن الطرق الشائعة عمليًا هي: * '''الإسقاط بالكرة (Bowled)''' – يرمي اللاعب الكرة فتصيب البوابة بقوة تكفي لإسقاط قطعة خشبية واحدة على الأقل من أعلاها. ** «إصابة الويكيت بالمضرب» أو «الضرب بالخطأ على الويكيت» هي حالة فرعية تحدث عندما تؤدي ضربة لاعب الضرب نفسه إلى اصطدام مضربه أو أي جزء من جسمه بالبوابة. * '''الإمساك بالكرة (Caught)''' – يمسك أحد لاعبي الميدان أو لاعب الرمي بالكرة قبل أن تلمس الأرض. ** «الإمساك خلف الويكيت» أو «الإمساك عند الويكيت» هو إمساك حارس الويكيت بالكرة مباشرة خلف البوابة، ويحدث عادة بسبب لمسة خفيفة من لاعب الضرب الذي لم يكن متأكدًا مما إذا كان ينبغي له ضرب الكرة أم تركها تمر. ** «الإمساك من لاعب الرمي» هو أن يمسك لاعب الرمي نفسه الكرة. * '''الإقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت (LBW)''' – تصيب الكرة لاعب الضرب في موضع كان من شأنها أن تصيب فيه البوابة لولا ذلك. غير أن قواعد هذا النوع من الإقصاء شديدة التعقيد، وتُستثنى من القاعدة بعض الحالات التي قد تبدو واضحة للمبتدئين. لذلك طُوّر نظام مراجعة القرارات (DRS) في عام 2008 لتسهيل اتخاذ القرار. * '''الإقصاء أثناء الركض (Run out)''' – يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته أثناء محاولته تسجيل شوط، فيرمي أحد لاعبي الميدان الكرة لكسر البوابة. * '''الإقصاء بالتغفيل (Stumped)''' – وهو شبيه بالحالة السابقة؛ إذ يكسر حارس الويكيت البوابة بالكرة عندما يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته، بعد أن يتقدم لمحاولة ضرب الكرة ويخفق في إصابتها، بدلًا من أن يكون محاولًا تسجيل شوط. إذا نجح لاعب الرمي في إقصاء ثلاثة لاعبين بثلاث رميات متتالية، بأي طريقة كانت، فيقال إنه حقق «هاتريك». ومنذ عام 1858 لم يعد الجمهور يجمع المال لشراء قبعة للاعب الرمي من حصيلة التبرعات، لكن المصطلح انتشر على نطاق واسع في الرياضات الأخرى وفي جوانب الحياة المختلفة. أما «حصيلة خمسة ويكيتات»، المعروفة أيضًا باسم «خمسة مقابل» أو «فيفر»، فتشير إلى إقصاء لاعب الرمي خمسة لاعبين في جولة واحدة، بينما تشير «حصيلة عشرة ويكيتات» إلى إقصائه عشرة لاعبين في مباراة واحدة. [[File:Tom Browne, Illustrated Sports Cricket.png | thumb | 300px | «أوووزات؟!» – ربما لم يكن اللاعب خارجًا]] ومن غرائب اللعبة أن اللاعب المهزوم لا يُقصى تلقائيًا؛ بل يجب على الفريق المدافع أن يسأل الحكم: «ما رأيك؟»، أي هل اللاعب خارج أم لا؟ وهو نداء حماسي أشبه بصيحة «أوووزات؟!». فلا اعتراض من الفريق المدافع، لا إقصاء للاعب. وهذه القاعدة غريبة على مشجعي البيسبول، حيث يعلن الحكام تقريبًا جميع حالات الإقصاء مباشرة دون الحاجة إلى طلب من الفريق المدافع. يرفع الحكم إصبعًا واحدًا للإشارة إلى أن اللاعب خارج، وإلا فيبقى جامدًا بينما يبدي لاعبو الميدان تعابير الدهشة وعدم التصديق. وقد يكون القرار «ليس خارجًا» إذا كان لاعب الرمي قد أرسل كرة غير قانونية، أو إذا لم تلمس الكرة مضرب لاعب الضرب في طريقها إلى قفازي حارس الويكيت، أو إذا لمست المضرب قبل أن تبدو الحالة كأنها إقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت، وغير ذلك. ويستعين الحكام في المباريات الاحترافية بالتقنيات، كما يمكن للفرق الاعتراض على القرارات ضمن حدود معينة، وتعرض الشاشات الكبيرة في الملاعب كل واقعة بالحركة البطيئة. بعد إكمال شوط، يصل لاعب الضرب غير المواجه للكرة إلى طرف الضرب، لكن يمكنه الانطلاق فورًا للعودة وتسجيل شوط ثانٍ إذا كان لاعبو الميدان لا يزالون يطاردون الكرة. أما تسجيل ثلاثة أشواط أو أكثر بالركض، بدلًا من ضربات الحدود، فلا يحدث عادة إلا بسبب خطأ من لاعبي الميدان؛ كأن تُرمى الكرة فلا تصيب أيًا من الأهداف الممكنة في الملعب، ثم تواصل اندفاعها إلى الطرف الآخر، وهو ما يُعرف بالرمي الزائد. ويؤدي ضرب الكرة إلى ما وراء حدود الملعب إلى احتساب أربعة أشواط تلقائيًا، أو ستة إذا تجاوزت الحدود من دون أن تلمس الأرض. وقد تُمنح أشواط إضافية لفريق الضرب بسبب الكرة غير القانونية (إذا نفذ لاعب الرمي رمية مخالفة للقواعد)، أو الكرة الواسعة، أو إذا مرت الكرة من دون أن يضربها أحد وتجاوزت الحدود، وهو ما يُسمى «باي». (هل أدخل حكام الكريكيت الاستعماريون في هونغ كونغ رياضة التاي تشي إلى الصين، من خلال إشاراتهم إلى هذه المخالفات والعقوبات المختلفة؟) ويصفق الجمهور للاعب الذي يسجل «نصف قرن»، أي 50 شوطًا في جولة واحدة، ويحظى من يسجل مئة شوط بتقدير أكبر. لكن النتيجة الأكثر شيوعًا بفارق كبير هي أن يصد لاعب الضرب الكرة من دون تسجيل أي شوط؛ وتُسمى هذه «كرة بلا أشواط»، لأنها تُسجل بهذه الطريقة في دفاتر المسجلين. ويمكن للاعب دفاعي جيد أن يواصل ذلك طوال فترة ما بعد الظهر، بينما يتثاءب المتفرجون ويصيح عشاق اللعبة المتشددون إعجابًا بالمهارة، وهم يتساءلون سرًا إن كان الوقت مبكرًا لطلب مشروب الجن. بعد رمي ست كرات، تُسمى المجموعة «أوفر». ويبقى لاعبا الضرب في موقعيهما، ويأتي لاعب رمي آخر من الطرف المقابل، فيصبح اللاعب الذي لم يكن يواجه الكرة هو المواجه لها، ويتحرك لاعبو الميدان لتغيير مواقعهم وفقًا لذلك. لكن إذا سجل اللاعب المواجه للكرة شوطًا واحدًا في الرمية الأخيرة من الأوفر، فإنه يحتفظ بحق مواجهة الكرة في الأوفر التالي. (يساعد هذا التناوب على موازنة الاختلافات في سطح الملعب وأشعة الشمس وما إلى ذلك). وعندما يُقصى عشرة لاعبين، ينتهي دور فريق الضرب بأكمله، إذ لا يبقى للاعب الحادي عشر شريك. وهذا يُكمل «جولة»، ويكون لها مجموع أشواط يتعين على الفريق الآخر تجاوزه. وقد تنتهي الجولة أيضًا بعد عدد محدد من الأوفرات، مثل 20 أو 50 في الأنظمة القصيرة، أو عن طريق «إعلان إنهاء الضرب»، أي إنهاء فريق الضرب جولته لأن مجموع أشواطه يبدو بعيد المنال بالنسبة إلى الفريق المنافس، وذلك في مباريات الاختبار ومباريات الدرجة الأولى. ولا ينهي الطقس السيئ أو حلول الظلام الجولة إذا كان من الممكن استئناف اللعب لاحقًا، لكن ذلك قد لا يكون ممكنًا في اليوم الأخير من المباراة. وفي مباريات الدرجة الأولى، يلعب كل فريق جولتين؛ أما المستويات والأنظمة الأخرى فتقتصر على جولة واحدة. ويلقي قائدا الفريقين عملة معدنية في بداية المباراة لتحديد ترتيب الضرب؛ وغالبًا ما يختار الفائز أن يبدأ بالضرب، لكن في بعض الظروف، وبالنظر إلى توقعات الطقس، يكون من الأفضل أن يبدأ بالرمي. [[File:GandM Purist-Grace match cricket balls.jpg | thumb | 300px | كرات الكريكيت صغيرة وصلبة، وصلبة جدًا بالفعل]] يُعد مركز لاعب الرمي الأكثر إرهاقًا في الملعب، ولذلك يحتاج كل فريق إلى التناوب بين عدة لاعبين للرمي، مع الأخذ في الحسبان أنهم سيضطرون بدورهم إلى الضرب، وقد لا يكونون بارعين فيه كثيرًا. وسلاحهم الأساسي هو السرعة. يستطيع لاعب الرمي السريع المصنف ضمن الأفضل إرسال الكرة بسرعة تتجاوز 90 ميلًا في الساعة (150 كم/ساعة)، ما يترك للاعب الضرب 0.1 ثانية لتقدير مسارها واختيار الضربة المناسبة، و0.3 ثانية فقط لتحريك أطرافه ومضربه إلى الوضع الصحيح. وفوق ذلك، ترتد الكرة مرة واحدة أثناء سيرها، ولذلك فإن أي دوران فيها يجعل مسارها ينحرف، ولا سيما إذا ارتدت عن منطقة خشنة. أما لاعبو الرمي الدوراني فلا يتميزون بسرعة كبيرة، لكن لديهم قدرة مدهشة على جعل الكرة تتصرف على نحو غير متوقع. ويتم توزيع لاعبي الميدان وفقًا لذلك. ولكل موقع في الملعب اسم غريب، فمثلًا يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية» قريبًا من لاعب الرمي، بينما يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير» قريبًا جدًا من لاعب الضرب إلى درجة تجعل الوقوف فيه ضربًا من الجنون. تذكّر أن الكرة صلبة جدًا! إذا انتهت أيام المباراة أو وقتها أو سمح الطقس بإنهائها، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا» حتى لو كان أحد الفريقين متأخرًا حتمًا في عدد الأشواط. وهذه نتيجة شائعة، وقد سُجل أفضل مجموع فردي على الإطلاق، وهو 501 شوط دون إقصاء، باسم برايان لارا لصالح وارويكشاير أمام دورهام في عام 1994، في مباراة انتهت بالتعادل. ويفوز الفريق بتسجيل عدد أشواط أكبر، الأمر بهذه البساطة، لكن طريقة التعبير عن النتيجة تحتاج إلى توضيح. فإذا كان الفريق في منتصف جولته وقد سجل 155 شوطًا وخسر سبعة لاعبين، يقال إن نتيجته «155 مقابل 7». وإذا أضاف اللاعبون المتأخرون 30 شوطًا أخرى، تنتهي الجولة بنتيجة «185 مع خروج الجميع». ويأتي دور الفريق الآخر للضرب، ولنفترض أنه أنهى جولته عند 160 شوطًا مع خروج الجميع؛ عندها يكون الفريق الأول قد فاز بفارق 25 شوطًا. أما إذا تجاوز الفريق الثاني هدف 185 شوطًا، فيكفيه تسجيل شوط واحد إضافي، ولا يواصل الضرب بعد ذلك. ويقال إنه فاز، مثلًا، «بثلاثة ويكيتات»، إذا بقي أربعة لاعبين لم يُقصوا أو لم يحن دورهم بعد، مع مراعاة أن الإقصاء العاشر أو الويكيت العاشر ينهي الجولة. وقد يفوز فريق «بجولة كاملة» إذا سجل في جولة واحدة أشواطًا أكثر مما يستطيع الفريق الآخر جمعه في جولتين، وهي هزيمة مذلة. وإذا تساوى عدد الأشواط عند اكتمال المباراة، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا متكافئًا» (Tie)، لا «تعادلًا» (Draw)، ويحدث ذلك في نحو مباراة واحدة من كل ألف مباراة. تُعد «مباريات الاختبار» قمة اللعبة، وهي مباريات دولية كاملة المدة بين أفضل البلدان. وتُحدد مدتها بخمسة أيام، لكنها تنتهي غالبًا في أربعة؛ إذ يُترك اليوم الأخير احتياطيًا تحسبًا لسوء الأحوال الجوية. وإذا انتهت المباراة في ثلاثة أيام، فهذا يعني أن أحد الفريقين تعرض لهزيمة ساحقة. أما المباريات الدولية مع البلدان الأخرى أو وفق الأنظمة الأقصر، فلا تُحتسب مباريات اختبار، ولذلك تجذب نقاطًا أقل في التصنيف. ومن الأنظمة القصيرة الشائعة مباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية (ODI)، حيث تُحدد المباراة بخمسين أوفرًا لكل فريق وتستغرق نحو تسع ساعات. أما مباريات «الدرجة الأولى» فهي أبرز المباريات المحلية كاملة المدة، مثل المباريات بين مقاطعات إنجلترا؛ وتستمر أربعة أيام، وغالبًا ما تنتهي في ثلاثة. وأكثر الأنظمة القصيرة شيوعًا هو «عشرون 20» (T20)، حيث يُسمح لكل فريق بعشرين أوفرًا، وقد تُضاف إليها فترات «اللعب القوي» التي تفرض قيودًا على مواقع لاعبي الميدان لتشجيع الضرب الجريء. == حضور المباراة == [[File:England v New Zealand second day of the third test, Headingley (24th June 2022) 019.jpg | thumb | 300px | إطعام الأفعى في مباراة اختبار في هيدينغلي]] قد تنفد تذاكر مباريات الاختبار، لكن من غير المرجح أن تواجه صعوبة في الحصول على تذاكر المباريات الأخرى. وفي مباريات منتصف الأسبوع في المستويات الأدنى، قد تؤدي زيارتك إلى رفع عدد الحضور إلى خانتين فقط. وتكمن المشكلة الكبرى في تخمين موعد وصول مباراة من الدرجة الأولى إلى ذروتها؛ وهو أمر يثير استياء القنوات التلفزيونية والجهات الراعية بشدة. فقد يكون اليوم الخامس من مباراة اختبار حدثًا بلا أهمية لأن اللعب انتهى في اليوم الرابع، أو قد يكون يومًا حافلًا بالإثارة والتشويق، أو مجرد استكمال متوقع لهزيمة محسومة، أو يومًا من الأمطار الغزيرة المتواصلة، أو صراعًا مرهقًا ينتهي بالتعادل. يتدرب اللاعبون لتحسين لياقتهم البدنية ولتحديد التشكيلة قبل المباراة بيومين، في منطقة تُسمى «الشباك». كما يتدرب اللاعبون على الضرب والرمي داخل الشباك قبل المباراة للتعرف إلى طبيعة سطح الملعب. وتساعد الشباك اللاعبين الشباب على تحسين مهاراتهم، من خلال اختبار ما إذا كانوا جيدين بما يكفي للانضمام إلى التشكيلة أم لا. ويتدرب فيها أيضًا اللاعبون الاحتياطيون. يمتزج مشجعو الفريقين المتنافسين بود داخل الملعب وخارجه، ويصفقون للعب الجيد حتى من جانب الخصوم. ارتدِ ملابس مريحة، وتذكر أن قضاء يوم طويل في الخارج يعني احتمال تغير الطقس. استخدم وسائل الحماية من الشمس حتى في الأيام الغائمة؛ إذ تنفذ كمية كبيرة من الأشعة فوق البنفسجية عبر السحب، وارتدِ معطفًا واقيًا من المطر أو احمل مظلة إذا هطل المطر. يرتدي لاعبو فريقي الكريكيت اللون الأبيض، ولا تُستخدم ألوان الفرق إلا في الأنظمة القصيرة، لذلك نادرًا ما يرتدي المشجعون ألوان فرقهم. ويتنكر عدد ملحوظ من المشجعين بملابس غريبة، لذلك قد ترى اثني عشر شابًا يرتدون جميعًا زي سبايدرمان أو التماسيح أو أي شيء آخر. وأكثر الجماعات تميزًا هي أعضاء نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC) في ملعب لوردز، بسترهم الفاقعة ذات اللونين اللذين يشبهان البيض المقدد، وبشرتهم ذات الألوان المشابهة. إذا التقطت كرة ضُربت إلى المدرجات، فستكسب التقدير، لكن عليك إعادتها إلى اللاعبين بسرعة. ليس الأمر أنهم يبخلون بالكرات، لكن تغيير الكرة يبدل ديناميكيات المباراة وله طقوسه الخاصة. كما أنك لن تُقصي لاعب الضرب، لذا فمن الأفضل لك، بصراحة، أن تتفاداها. تذكّر أنها صلبة جدًا! «إطعام الأفعى»: تقدم ملاعب الكريكيت البيرة في أكواب بلاستيكية يمكن التخلص منها، سعة كل منها نصف لتر. ويُستهلك منها الكثير، ومن آداب التعامل مع الأكواب الفارغة أن تصفها بعناية إلى جانب أكواب جيرانك، ثم أكواب جيرانهم، وهكذا. ومع اقتراب نهاية اللعب، تكتسب «أفعى البيرة» المكونة من الأكواب الفارغة حياة خاصة بها، فتلتوي وتتمدد عبر المدرجات. إنها حقًا السلالة النبيلة لأفعى الناغا الهندوسية، وأفعى قوس قزح في معتقدات السكان الأصليين الأستراليين، وآلهة مشاهدة الكريكيت الأفعوانية في أرجاء الكون. == البلدان الرئيسية التي تمارس اللعبة == [[File:MCC member.jpg | thumb | 300px | لا يزال لنادي ماريليبون للكريكيت نفوذ كبير]] نشأت الكريكيت في العصور الوسطى في جنوب شرق إنجلترا، حيث كانت الأغنام تقص العشب برعيه حتى يصبح قصيرًا. وكانت الكرة تُرمى باتجاه بوابة حظيرة الأغنام، ويدافع عنها الراعي باستخدام عصا معقوفة. وكان كثير من الرعاة في كنت وساسكس وسري مهاجرين من فلاندرز، ولذلك كانوا يقولون إنهم ضربوا الكرة بعبارة ''met de krikke ketsen''. وهكذا، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/الغولف|الغولف]]، تكون هذه لعبة أخرى أفلتت من أيدي الهولنديين، ثم نمت في إنجلترا (لا في بريطانيا كلها)، ونُظمت وانتشرت إلى أنحاء العالم. ومن الواضح أن انتشارها كان إلى البلدان ذات الروابط الاستعمارية القوية؛ حيث كان المستوطنون يجمعون الفرق ويتحدون ثكنات الجيش المحلية في مباراة، ويطلبون من فتى الإسطبل الوقوف في موقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير». ولذلك أصبحت هذه البلدان اليوم أبرز الدول في لعبة الكريكيت. كان نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC)، الذي تأسس عام 1787 ويتخذ من ملعب لوردز في لندن مقرًا له، أول هيئة دولية حاكمة للعبة، ولا يزال يتمتع بنفوذ كبير. لكن القيادة انتقلت منذ عام 1909 إلى المجلس الدولي للكريكيت (ICC)، الذي يقع مقره في دبي منذ عام 2005. وينظم المجلس البطولات الكبرى، ويعين كبار الحكام، ويعزز قواعد السلوك؛ ومن أبرز اهتماماته مكافحة الفساد. ويضم اثنتي عشرة دولة عضوًا كاملة، ولا تُحتسب مباريات الاختبار إلا بين هذه الدول. وتُعد بطولة كأس العالم للكريكيت أبرز بطولة دولية، لكنها تُقام بنظام اليوم الواحد. وتُجرى كل أربع سنوات؛ إذ استضافتها الهند عام 2023، وستستضيفها جنوب أفريقيا وزيمبابوي وناميبيا معًا عام 2027. ومن اللافت أن اللعبة كاملة المدة لا تُمارس ضمن بطولة كبرى، وأن معظم المباريات الدولية تُرتب بصورة ثنائية وارتجالية. ولا يوجد نظام «دوري»؛ لكن البلدان الرائدة تلعب مع جميع البلدان الأخرى على مدى دورة مدتها عامان لجمع نقاط التصنيف. الدول الأعضاء الإحدى عشرة كاملة العضوية هي أفغانستان، وأستراليا، وبنغلاديش، وإنجلترا وويلز، والهند، وأيرلندا، ونيوزيلندا، وباكستان، وجنوب أفريقيا، وسريلانكا، وجزر الهند الغربية. وهناك 96 دولة أخرى أعضاء منتسبة. === [[Wy/ar/أفغانستان|أفغانستان]] === لعبت القوات البريطانية الكريكيت للمرة الأولى في أفغانستان عام 1839، لكن مجلس الكريكيت الأفغاني لم يُشكّل إلا عام 1995. عانت البلاد قرونًا من الحروب والصراعات الداخلية، ولذلك لم تحقق الكريكيت فيها تقدمًا يُذكر، شأنها شأن أمور أخرى مثل الصحة والتعليم والإسكان. وما أبقى اللعبة حية هو وجود لاعبين أفغان في الدوريات المحلية في الهند وباكستان، وقد حصلت أفغانستان على صفة عضو اختباري عام 2017. === [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] === الكريكيت هي الرياضة الصيفية الأكثر شعبية، وتُمارس من سبتمبر إلى أبريل، عندما تكون كرة القدم الأسترالية وفق قواعدها الخاصة ودوري الرجبي في فترة توقف موسمهما؛ وغالبًا ما تُستخدم الملاعب نفسها لهذه الرياضات. سُجلت أول مباراة معروفة في سيدني عام 1803، وخاض المنتخب الأسترالي أول مباراة له عام 1877. وسرعان ما تطور مستواه، وجاء أحد انتصاراته الشهيرة في ملعب ذا أوفال في لندن عام 1882، وكان أول فوز له في مباراة اختبار بإنجلترا. ونشرت صحيفة «ذا سبورتينغ تايمز» نعيًا ساخرًا للكريكيت الإنجليزية، جاء فيه: «سيُحرق الجثمان ويُنقل الرماد إلى أستراليا». وقبل مباراة العودة في أستراليا، تعهد قائد المنتخب الإنجليزي «باستعادة الرماد»، وعندما حقق الفوز أُهدي جرة صغيرة تحتوي على رماد إحدى قطع الويكيت الخشبية. وأصبح «الرماد» اليوم اسم سلسلة مباريات الاختبار بين المنتخبين، ويحمل الفائز نسخة احتفالية من الجرة؛ أما الأصلية فهي هشة وتُعرض بصورة دائمة في ملعب لوردز. وإذا انتهت السلسلة بالتعادل، يحتفظ بالكأس الفريق الذي فاز بها في آخر مرة. ومنذ عام 1993، يتواجه نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت ونادي ملبورن للكريكيت دائمًا في مباراة بنظام اليوم الواحد، في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في لوردز عندما تستضيف إنجلترا السلسلة، أو في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت عندما تستضيف أستراليا السلسلة. [[File:Ashes Urn.jpg | thumb | 300px | جرة «الرماد»]] في عام 1977، هزت الكريكيت عالميًا، ولا سيما في أستراليا، عندما أطلق قطب الإعلام كيري باكر (1937–2005) بطولة عالمية منفصلة عن الهيئات الرسمية. وقال إن سلطات الكريكيت لم تكن تستغل إمكانات اللعبة التجارية، وإن كبار اللاعبين كانوا يتقاضون جزءًا ضئيلًا مما يمكنهم كسبه. وبعد عامين، جرى التوصل إلى تسوية (أم كانت تنازلًا؟) وانتهى المشروع المنافس، لكن كثيرًا من سمات اللعبة الحديثة هي إرث الصدمة الإيجابية التي أحدثها باكر. فالمباريات المسائية تحت الأضواء الكاشفة تتيح للموظفين والعاملين حضورها بعد العمل؛ فلماذا لم يفكر أحد في ذلك من قبل؟ واليوم، تُعد «كريكيت أستراليا» الهيئة الحاكمة للعبة، وتُعرف مباريات الدرجة الأولى باسم «كريكيت الدرجات». ومنذ فوز أستراليا بأول لقب لها في كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد عام 1987، ظلت منافسًا قويًا في أنظمة الكريكيت القصيرة. وتتواجه الولايات الست على درع شيفيلد في مباريات من أربعة أيام، وعلى كأس مارش في مباريات اليوم الواحد. وتتنافس ثماني مدن في دوري «بيغ باش» الذي تُقام مبارياته بعشرين أوفرًا. وفازت أستراليا ببطولة العالم للاختبار في دورة 2021–2023. '''مباريات الاختبار''' تُقام عادة في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/ملبورن|ملبورن]]، وملعب سيدني للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]]، وملعب ذا غابا في [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]، وملعب بيرث في [[Wy/ar/بيرث|بيرث]]، وأديلايد أوفال في [[Wy/ar/أديلايد|أديلايد]]. أستراليا هي أنجح دولة في تاريخ كأس العالم للكريكيت، إذ فازت بالكأس ست مرات، وهو رقم قياسي. * '''ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت''' (MCG)، المعروف أيضًا باسم «ذا جي»، يقع في حديقة يارا ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/ملبورن/الشرق الداخلي|ريتشموند]] في ملبورن، ويُعد، على الأرجح، ثاني أهم ملعب للكريكيت في العالم بعد ملعب لوردز في لندن. وهو ملعب متعدد الاستخدامات، وتزيد سعته قليلًا على 100,000 متفرج، ما جعله أكبر ملعب في العالم حتى تجاوزته منشأة أحمد آباد عام 2021. ويستضيف فريق ولاية فيكتوريا وفريق ملبورن ستارز في دوري بيغ باش؛ كما يستضيف مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية في الشتاء. وتُقام فيه مباراة اختبار يوم الصناديق، وهي مباراة بين أستراليا وفريق زائر، سنويًا من 26 إلى 30 ديسمبر. ويضم الملعب أيضًا المتحف الأسترالي للرياضة، الذي يحتوي على '''قاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الأسترالية'''، إلى جانب قسم مخصص لتاريخ نادي ملبورن للكريكيت، مالك الملعب. : '''دوكلاندز''' أو ملعب مارفل هو منشأة أخرى متعددة الاستخدامات، ويستضيف فريق ملبورن رينيغيدز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''ملعب سيدني للكريكيت''' يقع في مور بارك ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/سيدني/شرق المدينة|شرق المدينة]]، خارج مركز سيدني مباشرة. ويستضيف المنتخب الوطني وفريق ولاية نيو ساوث ويلز وفريق سيدني سيكسرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''سيدني شوغراوند''' أو غاينتس أرينا، الواقع في الحديقة الأولمبية، يستضيف فريق سيدني ثاندر في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''متحف برادمان وقاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الدولية''' يقعان في [[Wy/ar/باورال|باورال]] ضمن المرتفعات الجنوبية في نيو ساوث ويلز. * '''أديلايد أوفال'''، الذي يتسع لـ53,500 متفرج، يقع في الحدائق العامة شمال [[Wy/ar/أديلايد/المدينة وأديلايد الشمالية|مركز المدينة]] مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية جنوب أستراليا وفريق أديلايد سترايكرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ذا غابا''' هو الاسم الشائع لملعب بريزبن للكريكيت، ويقع في منطقة وولونغابا جنوب النهر من وسط [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]. ويتسع لـ36,000 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية كوينزلاند وفريق بريزبن بولز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ملعب بيرث'''، الذي يتسع لـ60,000 متفرج، يقع في شبه جزيرة [[Wy/ar/بيرث/الضواحي|بورسوود]] جنوب النهر من وسط بيرث مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية أستراليا الغربية وفريق بيرث سكورشرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''ملعب واكا للكريكيت''' في وسط المدينة، وهو الملعب السابق لمباريات الاختبار في بيرث قبل اكتمال ملعب بيرث، أُغلق لإعادة التطوير حتى عام 2024. وبعد ذلك استضاف مباريات الكريكيت وكرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''بيليريف أوفال''' أو بلوندستون أرينا يقع في منطقة بيليريف بمدينة [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]]، على الضفة الشرقية لنهر ديروينت. ويتسع لـ19,500 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية تسمانيا وفريق هوبارت هوريكينز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''مانوكا أوفال''' يقع في [[Wy/ar/كانبيرا/جنوب كانبيرا|غريفيث]] جنوب وسط كانبيرا، في إقليم العاصمة الأسترالية. ويستضيف مباريات بين الحين والآخر، بما فيها مباريات دولية، لكنه لا يضم فريقًا مقيمًا. [[Category:Wy/ar]] admgz9tfamk1rt8kt0rjxd6vuehvaa2 7386667 7386666 2026-11-10T07:54:31Z Almajidy 2647497 /* أستراليا */ 7386667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Cricket banner Local cricket match Leeds.JPG|caption=مباراة كريكيت محلية في ليدز}} '''الكريكيت''' لعبة تُلعب بالمضرب والكرة بين فريقين، يتألف كل منهما من أحد عشر لاعبًا، على ملعب كبير بيضاوي الشكل، ويتركز اللعب في الملعب الصغير الواقع في الوسط. وهي ليست لعبة سريعة؛ إذ قد تستغرق المباراة، بحسب نظامها، 90 دقيقة أو ما يبدو كأنه بقية حياتك. نشأت الكريكيت في إنجلترا، وهي متغلغلة في ثقافتها ولغتها، حتى بين أولئك الذين لا يقتربون من ملاعبها مطلقًا. ومن تعبيراتها الشائعة في البلدان التي تمارسها: «أتمنى لك جولة موفقة»، و«ضربة بستة أشواط»، و«ارمِ كرة ملتوية»، و«ملعب صعب»، و«هذا ليس من روح الكريكيت». وقائمة الاستعارات المأخوذة من الكريكيت في كلام الشعوب التي تلعبها تكاد تطول بقدر قائمة الاستعارات البحرية. وتضم روايات إنجليزية كثيرة مشاهد تدور حول مباريات الكريكيت أو نقاشات جادة بشأنها؛ فرواية [[Wy/ar/أوراق فلاشمان#سيدة فلاشمان|سيدة فلاشمان]] الكوميدية تصف اللعبة كما كانت تُمارس في أربعينيات القرن التاسع عشر. كما استُلهمت شخصية جيفز، خادم بيرتي ووستر في أعمال بي جي وودهاوس، من لاعب الكريكيت الأنيق بيرسي جيفز من وارويكشاير، الذي قُتل في معركة السوم. اذهب إلى مباراة في أي مكان، ولا سيما في موطن اللعبة، لتشاهد نافذة آسرة، وأحيانًا مقلقة، على نفسية العالم الناطق بالإنجليزية. ==تعرّف== [[File:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports (Illustration Page 28).png | thumb | 300px | لاعب المضرب يدافع عن الويكيت]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|إنه شهر غريب، أكتوبر. فبالنسبة إلى مشجع الكريكيت المتحمس حقًا، يكون هذا هو الوقت الذي تكتشف فيه أن زوجتك تركتك في مايو. |author=دينيس نوردن، كاتب إنجليزي}} تُمارس الكريكيت في الهواء الطلق على ملعب عشبي كبير دائري أو بيضاوي الشكل، وتُقص حشيشته؛ ولا تُستخدم الأسطح الاصطناعية. وفي الوسط توجد مساحة مستطيلة تُسمى الملعب، ويكون عشبها أقصر. وعند طرفَي الملعب توجد بوابتان تفصل بينهما مسافة 22 ياردة (20 مترًا)، وتتكون كل بوابة من ثلاثة أوتاد خشبية عمودية تعلوها قطعتان خشبيتان صغيرتان. يرمي لاعب الرمي الكرة باتجاه البوابة لإصابتها، بينما يقف لاعب الضرب أمامها ويدافع عنها؛ ويفضل أن يضرب الكرة بعيدًا بما يكفي ليتمكن من الركض إلى البوابة الأخرى وتبديل موقعه مع لاعب الضرب الآخر. ويُحتسب بذلك شوط واحد، وتكون النتيجة أفضل إذا تجاوزت الكرة حدود الملعب، إذ تُحتسب أشواط تلقائية. وهذا يعني أن الكريكيت لا يمكن ممارستها إلا في ظروف دافئة وجافة إلى حد معقول؛ أي في الصيف أو في الموسم الجاف المناظر له. والكرة صلبة، بل شديدة الصلابة إن أصابتك، كما أنها تتباطأ على الأسطح المبتلة. وباستثناء لاعبي الضرب والرمي، يبقى معظم اللاعبين في الملعب ثابتين في مواقعهم، ولا يحافظون على دفئهم بالركض المتواصل كما في مباراة كرة القدم. كما يفضل الجمهور ألا يشعر بالبرد والبلل؛ فمقاعد الملاعب نادرًا ما تكون مغطاة. يحاول لاعب الضرب تسجيل الأشواط، بينما يحاول لاعب الرمي إخراجه من اللعب، أي إقصاءه؛ وعندها يأتي لاعب الضرب التالي، الذي كان جالسًا على جانب الملعب، لمواجهة اللعب. توجد 11 طريقة للإقصاء، لكن الطرق الشائعة عمليًا هي: * '''الإسقاط بالكرة (Bowled)''' – يرمي اللاعب الكرة فتصيب البوابة بقوة تكفي لإسقاط قطعة خشبية واحدة على الأقل من أعلاها. ** «إصابة الويكيت بالمضرب» أو «الضرب بالخطأ على الويكيت» هي حالة فرعية تحدث عندما تؤدي ضربة لاعب الضرب نفسه إلى اصطدام مضربه أو أي جزء من جسمه بالبوابة. * '''الإمساك بالكرة (Caught)''' – يمسك أحد لاعبي الميدان أو لاعب الرمي بالكرة قبل أن تلمس الأرض. ** «الإمساك خلف الويكيت» أو «الإمساك عند الويكيت» هو إمساك حارس الويكيت بالكرة مباشرة خلف البوابة، ويحدث عادة بسبب لمسة خفيفة من لاعب الضرب الذي لم يكن متأكدًا مما إذا كان ينبغي له ضرب الكرة أم تركها تمر. ** «الإمساك من لاعب الرمي» هو أن يمسك لاعب الرمي نفسه الكرة. * '''الإقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت (LBW)''' – تصيب الكرة لاعب الضرب في موضع كان من شأنها أن تصيب فيه البوابة لولا ذلك. غير أن قواعد هذا النوع من الإقصاء شديدة التعقيد، وتُستثنى من القاعدة بعض الحالات التي قد تبدو واضحة للمبتدئين. لذلك طُوّر نظام مراجعة القرارات (DRS) في عام 2008 لتسهيل اتخاذ القرار. * '''الإقصاء أثناء الركض (Run out)''' – يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته أثناء محاولته تسجيل شوط، فيرمي أحد لاعبي الميدان الكرة لكسر البوابة. * '''الإقصاء بالتغفيل (Stumped)''' – وهو شبيه بالحالة السابقة؛ إذ يكسر حارس الويكيت البوابة بالكرة عندما يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته، بعد أن يتقدم لمحاولة ضرب الكرة ويخفق في إصابتها، بدلًا من أن يكون محاولًا تسجيل شوط. إذا نجح لاعب الرمي في إقصاء ثلاثة لاعبين بثلاث رميات متتالية، بأي طريقة كانت، فيقال إنه حقق «هاتريك». ومنذ عام 1858 لم يعد الجمهور يجمع المال لشراء قبعة للاعب الرمي من حصيلة التبرعات، لكن المصطلح انتشر على نطاق واسع في الرياضات الأخرى وفي جوانب الحياة المختلفة. أما «حصيلة خمسة ويكيتات»، المعروفة أيضًا باسم «خمسة مقابل» أو «فيفر»، فتشير إلى إقصاء لاعب الرمي خمسة لاعبين في جولة واحدة، بينما تشير «حصيلة عشرة ويكيتات» إلى إقصائه عشرة لاعبين في مباراة واحدة. [[File:Tom Browne, Illustrated Sports Cricket.png | thumb | 300px | «أوووزات؟!» – ربما لم يكن اللاعب خارجًا]] ومن غرائب اللعبة أن اللاعب المهزوم لا يُقصى تلقائيًا؛ بل يجب على الفريق المدافع أن يسأل الحكم: «ما رأيك؟»، أي هل اللاعب خارج أم لا؟ وهو نداء حماسي أشبه بصيحة «أوووزات؟!». فلا اعتراض من الفريق المدافع، لا إقصاء للاعب. وهذه القاعدة غريبة على مشجعي البيسبول، حيث يعلن الحكام تقريبًا جميع حالات الإقصاء مباشرة دون الحاجة إلى طلب من الفريق المدافع. يرفع الحكم إصبعًا واحدًا للإشارة إلى أن اللاعب خارج، وإلا فيبقى جامدًا بينما يبدي لاعبو الميدان تعابير الدهشة وعدم التصديق. وقد يكون القرار «ليس خارجًا» إذا كان لاعب الرمي قد أرسل كرة غير قانونية، أو إذا لم تلمس الكرة مضرب لاعب الضرب في طريقها إلى قفازي حارس الويكيت، أو إذا لمست المضرب قبل أن تبدو الحالة كأنها إقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت، وغير ذلك. ويستعين الحكام في المباريات الاحترافية بالتقنيات، كما يمكن للفرق الاعتراض على القرارات ضمن حدود معينة، وتعرض الشاشات الكبيرة في الملاعب كل واقعة بالحركة البطيئة. بعد إكمال شوط، يصل لاعب الضرب غير المواجه للكرة إلى طرف الضرب، لكن يمكنه الانطلاق فورًا للعودة وتسجيل شوط ثانٍ إذا كان لاعبو الميدان لا يزالون يطاردون الكرة. أما تسجيل ثلاثة أشواط أو أكثر بالركض، بدلًا من ضربات الحدود، فلا يحدث عادة إلا بسبب خطأ من لاعبي الميدان؛ كأن تُرمى الكرة فلا تصيب أيًا من الأهداف الممكنة في الملعب، ثم تواصل اندفاعها إلى الطرف الآخر، وهو ما يُعرف بالرمي الزائد. ويؤدي ضرب الكرة إلى ما وراء حدود الملعب إلى احتساب أربعة أشواط تلقائيًا، أو ستة إذا تجاوزت الحدود من دون أن تلمس الأرض. وقد تُمنح أشواط إضافية لفريق الضرب بسبب الكرة غير القانونية (إذا نفذ لاعب الرمي رمية مخالفة للقواعد)، أو الكرة الواسعة، أو إذا مرت الكرة من دون أن يضربها أحد وتجاوزت الحدود، وهو ما يُسمى «باي». (هل أدخل حكام الكريكيت الاستعماريون في هونغ كونغ رياضة التاي تشي إلى الصين، من خلال إشاراتهم إلى هذه المخالفات والعقوبات المختلفة؟) ويصفق الجمهور للاعب الذي يسجل «نصف قرن»، أي 50 شوطًا في جولة واحدة، ويحظى من يسجل مئة شوط بتقدير أكبر. لكن النتيجة الأكثر شيوعًا بفارق كبير هي أن يصد لاعب الضرب الكرة من دون تسجيل أي شوط؛ وتُسمى هذه «كرة بلا أشواط»، لأنها تُسجل بهذه الطريقة في دفاتر المسجلين. ويمكن للاعب دفاعي جيد أن يواصل ذلك طوال فترة ما بعد الظهر، بينما يتثاءب المتفرجون ويصيح عشاق اللعبة المتشددون إعجابًا بالمهارة، وهم يتساءلون سرًا إن كان الوقت مبكرًا لطلب مشروب الجن. بعد رمي ست كرات، تُسمى المجموعة «أوفر». ويبقى لاعبا الضرب في موقعيهما، ويأتي لاعب رمي آخر من الطرف المقابل، فيصبح اللاعب الذي لم يكن يواجه الكرة هو المواجه لها، ويتحرك لاعبو الميدان لتغيير مواقعهم وفقًا لذلك. لكن إذا سجل اللاعب المواجه للكرة شوطًا واحدًا في الرمية الأخيرة من الأوفر، فإنه يحتفظ بحق مواجهة الكرة في الأوفر التالي. (يساعد هذا التناوب على موازنة الاختلافات في سطح الملعب وأشعة الشمس وما إلى ذلك). وعندما يُقصى عشرة لاعبين، ينتهي دور فريق الضرب بأكمله، إذ لا يبقى للاعب الحادي عشر شريك. وهذا يُكمل «جولة»، ويكون لها مجموع أشواط يتعين على الفريق الآخر تجاوزه. وقد تنتهي الجولة أيضًا بعد عدد محدد من الأوفرات، مثل 20 أو 50 في الأنظمة القصيرة، أو عن طريق «إعلان إنهاء الضرب»، أي إنهاء فريق الضرب جولته لأن مجموع أشواطه يبدو بعيد المنال بالنسبة إلى الفريق المنافس، وذلك في مباريات الاختبار ومباريات الدرجة الأولى. ولا ينهي الطقس السيئ أو حلول الظلام الجولة إذا كان من الممكن استئناف اللعب لاحقًا، لكن ذلك قد لا يكون ممكنًا في اليوم الأخير من المباراة. وفي مباريات الدرجة الأولى، يلعب كل فريق جولتين؛ أما المستويات والأنظمة الأخرى فتقتصر على جولة واحدة. ويلقي قائدا الفريقين عملة معدنية في بداية المباراة لتحديد ترتيب الضرب؛ وغالبًا ما يختار الفائز أن يبدأ بالضرب، لكن في بعض الظروف، وبالنظر إلى توقعات الطقس، يكون من الأفضل أن يبدأ بالرمي. [[File:GandM Purist-Grace match cricket balls.jpg | thumb | 300px | كرات الكريكيت صغيرة وصلبة، وصلبة جدًا بالفعل]] يُعد مركز لاعب الرمي الأكثر إرهاقًا في الملعب، ولذلك يحتاج كل فريق إلى التناوب بين عدة لاعبين للرمي، مع الأخذ في الحسبان أنهم سيضطرون بدورهم إلى الضرب، وقد لا يكونون بارعين فيه كثيرًا. وسلاحهم الأساسي هو السرعة. يستطيع لاعب الرمي السريع المصنف ضمن الأفضل إرسال الكرة بسرعة تتجاوز 90 ميلًا في الساعة (150 كم/ساعة)، ما يترك للاعب الضرب 0.1 ثانية لتقدير مسارها واختيار الضربة المناسبة، و0.3 ثانية فقط لتحريك أطرافه ومضربه إلى الوضع الصحيح. وفوق ذلك، ترتد الكرة مرة واحدة أثناء سيرها، ولذلك فإن أي دوران فيها يجعل مسارها ينحرف، ولا سيما إذا ارتدت عن منطقة خشنة. أما لاعبو الرمي الدوراني فلا يتميزون بسرعة كبيرة، لكن لديهم قدرة مدهشة على جعل الكرة تتصرف على نحو غير متوقع. ويتم توزيع لاعبي الميدان وفقًا لذلك. ولكل موقع في الملعب اسم غريب، فمثلًا يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية» قريبًا من لاعب الرمي، بينما يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير» قريبًا جدًا من لاعب الضرب إلى درجة تجعل الوقوف فيه ضربًا من الجنون. تذكّر أن الكرة صلبة جدًا! إذا انتهت أيام المباراة أو وقتها أو سمح الطقس بإنهائها، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا» حتى لو كان أحد الفريقين متأخرًا حتمًا في عدد الأشواط. وهذه نتيجة شائعة، وقد سُجل أفضل مجموع فردي على الإطلاق، وهو 501 شوط دون إقصاء، باسم برايان لارا لصالح وارويكشاير أمام دورهام في عام 1994، في مباراة انتهت بالتعادل. ويفوز الفريق بتسجيل عدد أشواط أكبر، الأمر بهذه البساطة، لكن طريقة التعبير عن النتيجة تحتاج إلى توضيح. فإذا كان الفريق في منتصف جولته وقد سجل 155 شوطًا وخسر سبعة لاعبين، يقال إن نتيجته «155 مقابل 7». وإذا أضاف اللاعبون المتأخرون 30 شوطًا أخرى، تنتهي الجولة بنتيجة «185 مع خروج الجميع». ويأتي دور الفريق الآخر للضرب، ولنفترض أنه أنهى جولته عند 160 شوطًا مع خروج الجميع؛ عندها يكون الفريق الأول قد فاز بفارق 25 شوطًا. أما إذا تجاوز الفريق الثاني هدف 185 شوطًا، فيكفيه تسجيل شوط واحد إضافي، ولا يواصل الضرب بعد ذلك. ويقال إنه فاز، مثلًا، «بثلاثة ويكيتات»، إذا بقي أربعة لاعبين لم يُقصوا أو لم يحن دورهم بعد، مع مراعاة أن الإقصاء العاشر أو الويكيت العاشر ينهي الجولة. وقد يفوز فريق «بجولة كاملة» إذا سجل في جولة واحدة أشواطًا أكثر مما يستطيع الفريق الآخر جمعه في جولتين، وهي هزيمة مذلة. وإذا تساوى عدد الأشواط عند اكتمال المباراة، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا متكافئًا» (Tie)، لا «تعادلًا» (Draw)، ويحدث ذلك في نحو مباراة واحدة من كل ألف مباراة. تُعد «مباريات الاختبار» قمة اللعبة، وهي مباريات دولية كاملة المدة بين أفضل البلدان. وتُحدد مدتها بخمسة أيام، لكنها تنتهي غالبًا في أربعة؛ إذ يُترك اليوم الأخير احتياطيًا تحسبًا لسوء الأحوال الجوية. وإذا انتهت المباراة في ثلاثة أيام، فهذا يعني أن أحد الفريقين تعرض لهزيمة ساحقة. أما المباريات الدولية مع البلدان الأخرى أو وفق الأنظمة الأقصر، فلا تُحتسب مباريات اختبار، ولذلك تجذب نقاطًا أقل في التصنيف. ومن الأنظمة القصيرة الشائعة مباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية (ODI)، حيث تُحدد المباراة بخمسين أوفرًا لكل فريق وتستغرق نحو تسع ساعات. أما مباريات «الدرجة الأولى» فهي أبرز المباريات المحلية كاملة المدة، مثل المباريات بين مقاطعات إنجلترا؛ وتستمر أربعة أيام، وغالبًا ما تنتهي في ثلاثة. وأكثر الأنظمة القصيرة شيوعًا هو «عشرون 20» (T20)، حيث يُسمح لكل فريق بعشرين أوفرًا، وقد تُضاف إليها فترات «اللعب القوي» التي تفرض قيودًا على مواقع لاعبي الميدان لتشجيع الضرب الجريء. == حضور المباراة == [[File:England v New Zealand second day of the third test, Headingley (24th June 2022) 019.jpg | thumb | 300px | إطعام الأفعى في مباراة اختبار في هيدينغلي]] قد تنفد تذاكر مباريات الاختبار، لكن من غير المرجح أن تواجه صعوبة في الحصول على تذاكر المباريات الأخرى. وفي مباريات منتصف الأسبوع في المستويات الأدنى، قد تؤدي زيارتك إلى رفع عدد الحضور إلى خانتين فقط. وتكمن المشكلة الكبرى في تخمين موعد وصول مباراة من الدرجة الأولى إلى ذروتها؛ وهو أمر يثير استياء القنوات التلفزيونية والجهات الراعية بشدة. فقد يكون اليوم الخامس من مباراة اختبار حدثًا بلا أهمية لأن اللعب انتهى في اليوم الرابع، أو قد يكون يومًا حافلًا بالإثارة والتشويق، أو مجرد استكمال متوقع لهزيمة محسومة، أو يومًا من الأمطار الغزيرة المتواصلة، أو صراعًا مرهقًا ينتهي بالتعادل. يتدرب اللاعبون لتحسين لياقتهم البدنية ولتحديد التشكيلة قبل المباراة بيومين، في منطقة تُسمى «الشباك». كما يتدرب اللاعبون على الضرب والرمي داخل الشباك قبل المباراة للتعرف إلى طبيعة سطح الملعب. وتساعد الشباك اللاعبين الشباب على تحسين مهاراتهم، من خلال اختبار ما إذا كانوا جيدين بما يكفي للانضمام إلى التشكيلة أم لا. ويتدرب فيها أيضًا اللاعبون الاحتياطيون. يمتزج مشجعو الفريقين المتنافسين بود داخل الملعب وخارجه، ويصفقون للعب الجيد حتى من جانب الخصوم. ارتدِ ملابس مريحة، وتذكر أن قضاء يوم طويل في الخارج يعني احتمال تغير الطقس. استخدم وسائل الحماية من الشمس حتى في الأيام الغائمة؛ إذ تنفذ كمية كبيرة من الأشعة فوق البنفسجية عبر السحب، وارتدِ معطفًا واقيًا من المطر أو احمل مظلة إذا هطل المطر. يرتدي لاعبو فريقي الكريكيت اللون الأبيض، ولا تُستخدم ألوان الفرق إلا في الأنظمة القصيرة، لذلك نادرًا ما يرتدي المشجعون ألوان فرقهم. ويتنكر عدد ملحوظ من المشجعين بملابس غريبة، لذلك قد ترى اثني عشر شابًا يرتدون جميعًا زي سبايدرمان أو التماسيح أو أي شيء آخر. وأكثر الجماعات تميزًا هي أعضاء نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC) في ملعب لوردز، بسترهم الفاقعة ذات اللونين اللذين يشبهان البيض المقدد، وبشرتهم ذات الألوان المشابهة. إذا التقطت كرة ضُربت إلى المدرجات، فستكسب التقدير، لكن عليك إعادتها إلى اللاعبين بسرعة. ليس الأمر أنهم يبخلون بالكرات، لكن تغيير الكرة يبدل ديناميكيات المباراة وله طقوسه الخاصة. كما أنك لن تُقصي لاعب الضرب، لذا فمن الأفضل لك، بصراحة، أن تتفاداها. تذكّر أنها صلبة جدًا! «إطعام الأفعى»: تقدم ملاعب الكريكيت البيرة في أكواب بلاستيكية يمكن التخلص منها، سعة كل منها نصف لتر. ويُستهلك منها الكثير، ومن آداب التعامل مع الأكواب الفارغة أن تصفها بعناية إلى جانب أكواب جيرانك، ثم أكواب جيرانهم، وهكذا. ومع اقتراب نهاية اللعب، تكتسب «أفعى البيرة» المكونة من الأكواب الفارغة حياة خاصة بها، فتلتوي وتتمدد عبر المدرجات. إنها حقًا السلالة النبيلة لأفعى الناغا الهندوسية، وأفعى قوس قزح في معتقدات السكان الأصليين الأستراليين، وآلهة مشاهدة الكريكيت الأفعوانية في أرجاء الكون. == البلدان الرئيسية التي تمارس اللعبة == [[File:MCC member.jpg | thumb | 300px | لا يزال لنادي ماريليبون للكريكيت نفوذ كبير]] نشأت الكريكيت في العصور الوسطى في جنوب شرق إنجلترا، حيث كانت الأغنام تقص العشب برعيه حتى يصبح قصيرًا. وكانت الكرة تُرمى باتجاه بوابة حظيرة الأغنام، ويدافع عنها الراعي باستخدام عصا معقوفة. وكان كثير من الرعاة في كنت وساسكس وسري مهاجرين من فلاندرز، ولذلك كانوا يقولون إنهم ضربوا الكرة بعبارة ''met de krikke ketsen''. وهكذا، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/الغولف|الغولف]]، تكون هذه لعبة أخرى أفلتت من أيدي الهولنديين، ثم نمت في إنجلترا (لا في بريطانيا كلها)، ونُظمت وانتشرت إلى أنحاء العالم. ومن الواضح أن انتشارها كان إلى البلدان ذات الروابط الاستعمارية القوية؛ حيث كان المستوطنون يجمعون الفرق ويتحدون ثكنات الجيش المحلية في مباراة، ويطلبون من فتى الإسطبل الوقوف في موقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير». ولذلك أصبحت هذه البلدان اليوم أبرز الدول في لعبة الكريكيت. كان نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC)، الذي تأسس عام 1787 ويتخذ من ملعب لوردز في لندن مقرًا له، أول هيئة دولية حاكمة للعبة، ولا يزال يتمتع بنفوذ كبير. لكن القيادة انتقلت منذ عام 1909 إلى المجلس الدولي للكريكيت (ICC)، الذي يقع مقره في دبي منذ عام 2005. وينظم المجلس البطولات الكبرى، ويعين كبار الحكام، ويعزز قواعد السلوك؛ ومن أبرز اهتماماته مكافحة الفساد. ويضم اثنتي عشرة دولة عضوًا كاملة، ولا تُحتسب مباريات الاختبار إلا بين هذه الدول. وتُعد بطولة كأس العالم للكريكيت أبرز بطولة دولية، لكنها تُقام بنظام اليوم الواحد. وتُجرى كل أربع سنوات؛ إذ استضافتها الهند عام 2023، وستستضيفها جنوب أفريقيا وزيمبابوي وناميبيا معًا عام 2027. ومن اللافت أن اللعبة كاملة المدة لا تُمارس ضمن بطولة كبرى، وأن معظم المباريات الدولية تُرتب بصورة ثنائية وارتجالية. ولا يوجد نظام «دوري»؛ لكن البلدان الرائدة تلعب مع جميع البلدان الأخرى على مدى دورة مدتها عامان لجمع نقاط التصنيف. الدول الأعضاء الإحدى عشرة كاملة العضوية هي أفغانستان، وأستراليا، وبنغلاديش، وإنجلترا وويلز، والهند، وأيرلندا، ونيوزيلندا، وباكستان، وجنوب أفريقيا، وسريلانكا، وجزر الهند الغربية. وهناك 96 دولة أخرى أعضاء منتسبة. === [[Wy/ar/أفغانستان|أفغانستان]] === لعبت القوات البريطانية الكريكيت للمرة الأولى في أفغانستان عام 1839، لكن مجلس الكريكيت الأفغاني لم يُشكّل إلا عام 1995. عانت البلاد قرونًا من الحروب والصراعات الداخلية، ولذلك لم تحقق الكريكيت فيها تقدمًا يُذكر، شأنها شأن أمور أخرى مثل الصحة والتعليم والإسكان. وما أبقى اللعبة حية هو وجود لاعبين أفغان في الدوريات المحلية في الهند وباكستان، وقد حصلت أفغانستان على صفة عضو اختباري عام 2017. === [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] === الكريكيت هي الرياضة الصيفية الأكثر شعبية، وتُمارس من سبتمبر إلى أبريل، عندما تكون كرة القدم الأسترالية وفق قواعدها الخاصة ودوري الرجبي في فترة توقف موسمهما؛ وغالبًا ما تُستخدم الملاعب نفسها لهذه الرياضات. سُجلت أول مباراة معروفة في سيدني عام 1803، وخاض المنتخب الأسترالي أول مباراة له عام 1877. وسرعان ما تطور مستواه، وجاء أحد انتصاراته الشهيرة في ملعب ذا أوفال في لندن عام 1882، وكان أول فوز له في مباراة اختبار بإنجلترا. ونشرت صحيفة «ذا سبورتينغ تايمز» نعيًا ساخرًا للكريكيت الإنجليزية، جاء فيه: «سيُحرق الجثمان ويُنقل الرماد إلى أستراليا». وقبل مباراة العودة في أستراليا، تعهد قائد المنتخب الإنجليزي «باستعادة الرماد»، وعندما حقق الفوز أُهدي جرة صغيرة تحتوي على رماد إحدى قطع الويكيت الخشبية. وأصبح «الرماد» اليوم اسم سلسلة مباريات الاختبار بين المنتخبين، ويحمل الفائز نسخة احتفالية من الجرة؛ أما الأصلية فهي هشة وتُعرض بصورة دائمة في ملعب لوردز. وإذا انتهت السلسلة بالتعادل، يحتفظ بالكأس الفريق الذي فاز بها في آخر مرة. ومنذ عام 1993، يتواجه نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت ونادي ملبورن للكريكيت دائمًا في مباراة بنظام اليوم الواحد، في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في لوردز عندما تستضيف إنجلترا السلسلة، أو في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت عندما تستضيف أستراليا السلسلة. [[File:Ashes Urn.jpg | thumb | 300px | جرة «الرماد»]] في عام 1977، هزت الكريكيت عالميًا، ولا سيما في أستراليا، عندما أطلق قطب الإعلام كيري باكر (1937–2005) بطولة عالمية منفصلة عن الهيئات الرسمية. وقال إن سلطات الكريكيت لم تكن تستغل إمكانات اللعبة التجارية، وإن كبار اللاعبين كانوا يتقاضون جزءًا ضئيلًا مما يمكنهم كسبه. وبعد عامين، جرى التوصل إلى تسوية (أم كانت تنازلًا؟) وانتهى المشروع المنافس، لكن كثيرًا من سمات اللعبة الحديثة هي إرث الصدمة الإيجابية التي أحدثها باكر. فالمباريات المسائية تحت الأضواء الكاشفة تتيح للموظفين والعاملين حضورها بعد العمل؛ فلماذا لم يفكر أحد في ذلك من قبل؟ واليوم، تُعد «كريكيت أستراليا» الهيئة الحاكمة للعبة، وتُعرف مباريات الدرجة الأولى باسم «كريكيت الدرجات». ومنذ فوز أستراليا بأول لقب لها في كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد عام 1987، ظلت منافسًا قويًا في أنظمة الكريكيت القصيرة. وتتواجه الولايات الست على درع شيفيلد في مباريات من أربعة أيام، وعلى كأس مارش في مباريات اليوم الواحد. وتتنافس ثماني مدن في دوري «بيغ باش» الذي تُقام مبارياته بعشرين أوفرًا. وفازت أستراليا ببطولة العالم للاختبار في دورة 2021–2023. '''مباريات الاختبار''' تُقام عادة في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/ملبورن|ملبورن]]، وملعب سيدني للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]]، وملعب ذا غابا في [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]، وملعب بيرث في [[Wy/ar/بيرث|بيرث]]، وأديلايد أوفال في [[Wy/ar/أديلايد|أديلايد]]. أستراليا هي أنجح دولة في تاريخ كأس العالم للكريكيت، إذ فازت بالكأس ست مرات، وهو رقم قياسي. * '''ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت''' (MCG)، المعروف أيضًا باسم «ذا جي»، يقع في حديقة يارا ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/ملبورن/الشرق الداخلي|ريتشموند]] في ملبورن، ويُعد، على الأرجح، ثاني أهم ملعب للكريكيت في العالم بعد ملعب لوردز في لندن. وهو ملعب متعدد الاستخدامات، وتزيد سعته قليلًا على 100,000 متفرج، ما جعله أكبر ملعب في العالم حتى تجاوزته منشأة أحمد آباد عام 2021. ويستضيف فريق ولاية فيكتوريا وفريق ملبورن ستارز في دوري بيغ باش؛ كما يستضيف مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية في الشتاء. وتُقام فيه مباراة اختبار يوم الصناديق، وهي مباراة بين أستراليا وفريق زائر، سنويًا من 26 إلى 30 ديسمبر. ويضم الملعب أيضًا المتحف الأسترالي للرياضة، الذي يحتوي على '''قاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الأسترالية'''، إلى جانب قسم مخصص لتاريخ نادي ملبورن للكريكيت، مالك الملعب. : '''دوكلاندز''' أو ملعب مارفل هو منشأة أخرى متعددة الاستخدامات، ويستضيف فريق ملبورن رينيغيدز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''ملعب سيدني للكريكيت''' يقع في مور بارك ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/سيدني/شرق المدينة|شرق المدينة]]، خارج مركز سيدني مباشرة. ويستضيف المنتخب الوطني وفريق ولاية نيو ساوث ويلز وفريق سيدني سيكسرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''سيدني شوغراوند''' أو غاينتس أرينا، الواقع في الحديقة الأولمبية، يستضيف فريق سيدني ثاندر في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''متحف برادمان وقاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الدولية''' يقعان في [[Wy/ar/باورال|باورال]] ضمن المرتفعات الجنوبية في نيو ساوث ويلز. * '''أديلايد أوفال'''، الذي يتسع لـ53,500 متفرج، يقع في الحدائق العامة شمال [[Wy/ar/أديلايد/المدينة وأديلايد الشمالية|مركز المدينة]] مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية جنوب أستراليا وفريق أديلايد سترايكرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ذا غابا''' هو الاسم الشائع لملعب بريزبن للكريكيت، ويقع في منطقة وولونغابا جنوب النهر من وسط [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]. ويتسع لـ36,000 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية كوينزلاند وفريق بريزبن بولز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ملعب بيرث'''، الذي يتسع لـ60,000 متفرج، يقع في شبه جزيرة [[Wy/ar/بيرث/الضواحي|بورسوود]] جنوب النهر من وسط بيرث مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية أستراليا الغربية وفريق بيرث سكورشرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''ملعب واكا للكريكيت''' في وسط المدينة، وهو الملعب السابق لمباريات الاختبار في بيرث قبل اكتمال ملعب بيرث، أُغلق لإعادة التطوير حتى عام 2024. وبعد ذلك استضاف مباريات الكريكيت وكرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''بيليريف أوفال''' أو بلوندستون أرينا يقع في منطقة بيليريف بمدينة [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]]، على الضفة الشرقية لنهر ديروينت. ويتسع لـ19,500 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية تسمانيا وفريق هوبارت هوريكينز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''مانوكا أوفال''' يقع في [[Wy/ar/كانبيرا/جنوب كانبيرا|غريفيث]] جنوب وسط كانبيرا، في إقليم العاصمة الأسترالية. ويستضيف مباريات بين الحين والآخر، بما فيها مباريات دولية، لكنه لا يضم فريقًا مقيمًا. === [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] === خاضت بنغلاديش أول مباراة دولية لها عام 1979، بعد ثماني سنوات من الاستقلال، وأول مباراة اختبار عام 2000. الملعب الوطني هو ملعب شير-إي-بنغلا (ويعني «نمر البنغال») في [[Wy/ar/دكا/الشمال|ميربور]]، وهي منطقة تقع شرق العاصمة دكا. ويتسع الملعب لـ25,000 متفرج، كما يستضيف فريق دكا دوميناتورز الذي يشارك في الدوري البنغلاديشي الممتاز، وهو بطولة بنظام عشرين 20. يمتد موسم الأمطار من يونيو إلى أكتوبر، لكن اللعب يظل ممكنًا في كثير من الأحيان. === إنجلترا وويلز === :: ''الإنجليز ليسوا شعبًا شديد التدين، ولذلك اخترعوا الكريكيت ليمنحهم فكرة عن الأبدية.'' – جورج برنارد شو تملك إنجلترا وويلز هيئة مشتركة للكريكيت ومنتخبًا وطنيًا واحدًا، بينما تملك اسكتلندا منتخبها الخاص، وتُعد أيرلندا الشمالية جزءًا من الهيئة والمنتخب المشتركين لجميع أيرلندا. يمتد موسم اللعب من أبريل إلى سبتمبر. ومورست الكريكيت في إنجلترا منذ عام 1550 على الأقل؛ وكان من المقرر تنظيم أول مباريات دولية في جولة إلى فرنسا عام 1789، لكنها أُلغيت بسبب الثورة الفرنسية. أما أول جولة خارجية لمنتخب إنجلترا فكانت إلى الولايات المتحدة وكندا عام 1859. '''مباريات الاختبار''' – أي المباريات الدولية – تُقام في أنحاء البلاد، وعادةً في ملعب لوردز في [[Wy/ar/لندن/بادينغتون ومايدا فيل|لندن]]، وملعب ذا أوفال في [[Wy/ar/لندن/لامبيث|لندن]]، وملعب روز بول في [[Wy/ar/ساوثهامبتون|ساوثهامبتون]]، وملعب إدجباستون في [[Wy/ar/برمنغهام (إنجلترا)|برمنغهام]]، وملعب هيدينغلي في [[Wy/ar/ليدز/شمال غرب ليدز|ليدز]]، وملعب أولد ترافورد في [[Wy/ar/مانشستر/الأرصفة|مانشستر]]، وملعب ترينت بريدج في [[Wy/ar/نوتنغهام|نوتنغهام]]. وخارج الموسم، يلعب المنتخب الإنجليزي مبارياته في الخارج، وتتبعه جماهيره الصاخبة المعروفة باسم «الجيش المجنون». [[File:England's Stuart Broad, Joe Root and Jimmy Anderson discuss tactics.jpg | thumb | 300px | ستيوارت برود وجو روت وجيمي أندرسون يناقشون تكتيكات المنتخب الإنجليزي]] '''بطولة المقاطعات''' هي البطولة المحلية الأبرز، وتُقام مبارياتها على مدى أربعة أيام (وغالبًا ما تنتهي في ثلاثة أيام، مع تخصيص اليوم المتبقي لاحتمال هطول الأمطار). تضم البطولة 18 فريقًا من فرق «الدرجة الأولى»، عشرة منها في القسم الأول وثمانية في القسم الثاني. وتكون ملاعبها المعتادة هي نفسها التي تستضيف مباريات الاختبار أحيانًا، لكن الفرق تلعب في بعض الأحيان في ملاعب أخرى داخل مقاطعاتها. ويوجد نظام للصعود والهبوط بين القسمين، لكن الفرق الثمانية عشر تشكل فيما عدا ذلك بطولة مغلقة، وهي: سري (ملعب ذا أوفال في [[Wy/ar/لندن/لامبيث|لامبيث]]، لندن)، وسومرست (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/تونتون (إنجلترا)|تونتون]])، وإسكس (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/تشيلمسفورد (إنجلترا)|تشيلمسفورد]])، ويوركشاير (ملعب هيدينغلي في [[Wy/ar/ليدز/شمال غرب ليدز|شمال غرب ليدز]])، وهامبشاير (ملعب إيجيس أو روز بول في [[Wy/ar/ساوثهامبتون|ساوثهامبتون]])، ونوتنغهامشير (ملعب ترينت بريدج في [[Wy/ar/نوتنغهام|نوتنغهام]])، ووارويكشير (ملعب إدجباستون في [[Wy/ar/برمنغهام (إنجلترا)|برمنغهام]])، وكينت (ملعب سانت لورانس في [[Wy/ar/كانتربري (إنجلترا)|كانتربري]])، ولانكشير (ملعب أولد ترافورد في [[Wy/ar/مانشستر/الأرصفة|أرصفة مانشستر]])، وورسيسترشير (ملعب نيو رود في [[Wy/ar/وورسيستر (إنجلترا)|وورسيستر]])، وساسكس (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/برايتون (إنجلترا)|برايتون]])، وميدلسكس (ملعب لوردز في منطقة [[Wy/ar/لندن/بادينغتون ومايدا فيل|بادينغتون ومايدا فيل]] في لندن)، وغلوسترشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/بريستول|بريستول]])، وليسترشير (ملعب غريس رود في [[Wy/ar/ليستر|ليستر]])، وديربيشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/ديربي|ديربي]])، ودورهام (ملعب ريفرسايد في تشستر-لو-ستريت، شمال [[Wy/ar/دورهام (إنجلترا)|دورهام]])، ونورثهامبتونشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/نورثهامبتون|نورثهامبتون]])، وغلامورغان (حدائق صوفيا في [[Wy/ar/كارديف|كارديف]]). وهذه الملاعب مخصصة للكريكيت وحدها؛ فمثلًا يقع ملعب أولد ترافورد للكريكيت على بعد نصف ميل جنوب ملعب أولد ترافورد الخاص بنادي مانشستر يونايتد. وتتنافس 19 مقاطعة أخرى في مستوى أدنى ضمن بطولة المقاطعات الوطنية. وكانت تُسمى سابقًا «المقاطعات الصغرى»، لكن بعض هذه المقاطعات واسع جغرافيًا، ولذلك تغير الاسم. تتمتع كريكيت المقاطعات بتاريخ طويل وتقاليد عريقة، لكنها تفتقر إلى الترفيه والجمهور، وقد طال التنبؤ بزوالها. وابتُكرت أنظمة أقصر وأكثر حيوية، مستلهمة تجربة الدوري الهندي الممتاز، ولا يزال هذا التغيير قيد التجربة. وأيًا كان النظام الذي سيحل محل البطولة، فلا بد أن يكون شعبيًا وممتعًا ومربحًا، مع الحفاظ على المهارة وتوفير مسار لتطوير اللاعبين من الهواة إلى المحترفين ثم إلى المستوى الدولي. '''بطولة المئة''' هي منذ عام 2021 البديل الرئيسي؛ إذ تلعب الفرق عشرين مجموعة، تتكون كل منها من خمس كرات. وتُعد البطولة الرئيسية بنظام عشرين 20 في إنجلترا وويلز. تُنظم البطولة بين ثماني مدن، وتُقام مباريات الرجال والنساء تباعًا، وتتيح التذكرة الواحدة حضور المباراتين. والفرق الثمانية هي: برمنغهام فينيكس، ولندن سبيريت (في ملعب لوردز)، ومانشستر سوبر جاينتس (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم مانشستر أوريجينالز)، وصنرايزرز ليدز (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم نورثرن سوبر تشارجرز) (في ملعب هيدينغلي في ليدز)، ومي لندن (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم أوفال إنفينسبلز) (في ملعب ذا أوفال)، وساوثرن بريف (في ساوثهامبتون)، وترينت روكيتس (في نوتنغهام)، وويلش فاير (''تان كيمريغ'') في كارديف. '''كأس اليوم الواحد''' هي بطولة الخمسين أوفرًا، وتتنافس فيها فرق المقاطعات المشاركة في الدرجة الأولى. '''عشرون 20 (T20)''' هو النظام الآخر الذي يتكون من عشرين أوفرًا، وتُقام مبارياته أمام المنتخبات الدولية، وكذلك بين فرق المقاطعات الثمانية عشر في بطولة «تي 20 بلاست». تلعب النساء الكريكيت في جميع المستويات في إنجلترا وويلز، لكن أجورهن تبلغ عادة نحو 20% مما يحصل عليه الرجال. ومنذ أغسطس 2023، أصبحت أجور المباريات الدولية متساوية، وهو ما يضع معيارًا لبقية المدفوعات. وتشارك النساء في جميع البطولات نفسها التي يشارك فيها الرجال. يقع متحف نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت داخل ملعب لوردز في لندن. ويضم جرة الرماد الأصلية وغيرها من التذكارات. === [[Wy/ar/الهند|الهند]] === [[File:Sachin Tendulkar 2013 stamp of India.jpg | thumb | 300px | ساشين تيندولكار على طابع بريد هندي]] وصلت الكريكيت إلى الهند مع البريطانيين في أوائل القرن الثامن عشر، وأُقيمت مباريات الدرجة الأولى منذ عام 1864. ولم تصدّر بريطانيا لعبة الكريكيت فحسب، بل أرسلت أعدادًا كبيرة من الهنود للعمل كتبةً ومهندسين في مستعمراتها العديدة، ولذلك كانوا جزءًا من أسباب نجاح الكريكيت في دول أخرى، بما فيها إنجلترا. واليوم، تُعد الكريكيت الرياضة الأكثر شعبية وربحية في الهند، كما يسمح المناخ بممارستها طوال العام. ويتولى مجلس مراقبة الكريكيت في الهند (BCCI) إدارة اللعبة. وأبرز بطولات الكريكيت المحلية من الدرجة الأولى هي '''[https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/226/ranji-trophy كأس رانجي'''، التي تتنافس فيها الولايات الثماني والعشرون وغيرها، و'''[https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/289/duleep-trophy كأس دوليب]'''، التي تتنافس فيها ست مناطق جغرافية. أما '''[https://www.iplt20.com/ الدوري الهندي الممتاز]''' (IPL)، فهو بطولة بنظام عشرين 20 بين عشرة مدن، وتُقام في أبريل ومايو. ويُعد الدوري الهندي الممتاز أغنى بطولة محلية للكريكيت في العالم، وقد أحدث ثورة في عالم اللعبة بتحويلها إلى صناعة تبلغ قيمتها مليارات الدولارات. ويحظى بشعبية كبيرة بين جميع فئات المجتمع الهندي. وبين مارس ومايو، يكاد يكون من المستحيل ألا تجد الناس يتحدثون عن الدوري الهندي الممتاز. وتمتلئ الملاعب دائمًا عن آخرها عندما تُقام مبارياته. وتوجد أيضًا مسابقات أخرى بنظام عشرين 20 داخل الولايات. وفازت الهند بلقبين في كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد. واستضافت الهند كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد عام 1987 وفي أكتوبر 2023. * '''أحمد آباد:''' يقع ملعب ناريندرا مودي في منطقة [[Wy/ar/أحمد آباد/المنطقة الغربية|موتيرا]]. افتُتح عام 2021، وهو أكبر ملعب للكريكيت في العالم بفارق كبير، إذ تبلغ سعته 134,000 متفرج. ويستضيف فريق غوجارات، إلى جانب فريق غوجارات تايتنز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/بنغالورو|بنغالورو]]:''' يقع ملعب إم تشيناسوامي، الذي يتسع لـ40,000 متفرج، في منطقة كوبون بارك. ويستضيف فريق كارناتاكا، إلى جانب فريق رويال تشالنجرز بنغالورو (RCB) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. (تنويه: لا يستضيف هذا الملعب مباريات الفريق في الموسم الأخير بسبب حادث تدافع جماهيري.) * '''[[Wy/ar/شانديغار|شانديغار]]:''' اكتمل بناء ملعب مهراجا يادافيندرا سينغ عام 2021، ويقع في منطقة مولانبور شمال المدينة، ويتسع لـ40,000 متفرج. : كان ملعب آي إس بيندرا في [[Wy/ar/موهالي|موهالي]] القريبة الملعب الرئيسي لفريق بنجاب كينغز (PBKS) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز، لكنه يخطط للانتقال إلى الملعب الجديد. * '''تشيناي:''' يقع ملعب إم إيه تشيدامبارام، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/تشيناي/الوسط|تشيبَوك]] بجوار شاطئ مارينا (وليس قريبًا إطلاقًا من مدينة تشيدامبارام الواقعة إلى الجنوب). ويستضيف فريق تاميل نادو وفريق تشيناي سوبر كينغز (CSK) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''دلهي:''' يقع ملعب آرون جايتلي للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/دلهي/دلهي القديمة|دلهي القديمة]]. وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم ملعب فيروز شاه كوتلا، ويتسع لـ41,800 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق دلهي وفريق دلهي كابيتالز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/دارامشالا|دارامشالا]]:''' يشتهر ملعب جمعية الكريكيت في هيماشال براديش بموقعه الخلاب أمام خلفية جبال الهيمالايا. ويستضيف فريق هيماشال براديش، إلى جانب بعض المباريات الدولية. وهو ملعب ثانٍ لفريق بنجاب كينغز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/غواليور|غواليور]]:''' يجري إنشاء ملعب جديد يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج في قرية شانكابور غرب المدينة، وكان من المحتمل افتتاحه عام 2023. وفي الوقت الحالي، تُقام المباريات في ملعب كابتن روب سينغ. * '''[[Wy/ar/حيدر آباد|حيدر آباد]]:''' يقع ملعب راجيف غاندي، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/حيدر آباد/الشرق|أوبال]]. ويستضيف فريق حيدر آباد وفريق صنرايزرز حيدر آباد (SRH) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/جايبور|جايبور]]:''' يستضيف ملعب ساواي مان سينغ، الذي يتسع لـ30,000 متفرج، فريق راجستان وفريق راجستان رويالز (RR) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/كولكاتا|كولكاتا]]:''' تقع حدائق إيدن في منطقة [[Wy/ar/كولكاتا/بي بي دي باغ|بي بي دي باغ]] على الضفة الشرقية للنهر. وتتسع لـ68,000 متفرج، وهي الملعب الرئيسي لفريق البنغال وفريق كولكاتا نايت رايدرز (KKR) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. كما يُنظر إليها على نطاق واسع باعتبارها المقر الروحي للكريكيت الهندية، على غرار الدور الذي يؤديه ملعب لوردز في إنجلترا أو ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت في أستراليا. * '''[[Wy/ar/لكناو|لكناو]]:''' يستضيف ملعب إيكانا، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، فريق أوتار براديش وفريق لكناو سوبر جاينتس في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/مومباي|مومباي]]:''' يقع ملعب وانكيدي، الذي يتسع لـ32,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/مومباي/الجنوب|جنوب مومباي]]. وهو مقر مجلس مراقبة الكريكيت في الهند، الهيئة الوطنية الحاكمة للعبة، ومقر الدوري الهندي الممتاز، كما يستضيف فريق مومباي وفريق مومباي إنديانز (MI) في الدوري. * '''[[Wy/ar/ناغبور|ناغبور]]:''' يقع ملعب في سي إيه الجديد في منطقة جامثا. ويتسع لـ45,000 متفرج، ويستضيف نادي فيداربها للكريكيت، لكنه لا يضم فريقًا تابعًا لولاية أو فريقًا في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/بونه|بونه]]:''' جمعية ماهاراشترا للكريكيت (MCA). كان الملعب يستضيف سابقًا مباريات في الدوري الهندي الممتاز لفريقي بونه ووريورز وبونه سوبر جاينتس، لكنه لم يعد يفعل ذلك، بسبب انتقال امتياز سوبر جاينتس إلى لكناو، وعدم تمكن الدوري من العثور على مستثمر جديد. : يقع متحف «بليدز أوف غلوري» للكريكيت في مدينة بونه. [[Category:Wy/ar]] 9juv5tiarv0tyz4zgt091yyeehc3isp 7386668 7386667 2026-11-10T07:56:18Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الهند */ 7386668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/Pagebanner|Cricket banner Local cricket match Leeds.JPG|caption=مباراة كريكيت محلية في ليدز}} '''الكريكيت''' لعبة تُلعب بالمضرب والكرة بين فريقين، يتألف كل منهما من أحد عشر لاعبًا، على ملعب كبير بيضاوي الشكل، ويتركز اللعب في الملعب الصغير الواقع في الوسط. وهي ليست لعبة سريعة؛ إذ قد تستغرق المباراة، بحسب نظامها، 90 دقيقة أو ما يبدو كأنه بقية حياتك. نشأت الكريكيت في إنجلترا، وهي متغلغلة في ثقافتها ولغتها، حتى بين أولئك الذين لا يقتربون من ملاعبها مطلقًا. ومن تعبيراتها الشائعة في البلدان التي تمارسها: «أتمنى لك جولة موفقة»، و«ضربة بستة أشواط»، و«ارمِ كرة ملتوية»، و«ملعب صعب»، و«هذا ليس من روح الكريكيت». وقائمة الاستعارات المأخوذة من الكريكيت في كلام الشعوب التي تلعبها تكاد تطول بقدر قائمة الاستعارات البحرية. وتضم روايات إنجليزية كثيرة مشاهد تدور حول مباريات الكريكيت أو نقاشات جادة بشأنها؛ فرواية [[Wy/ar/أوراق فلاشمان#سيدة فلاشمان|سيدة فلاشمان]] الكوميدية تصف اللعبة كما كانت تُمارس في أربعينيات القرن التاسع عشر. كما استُلهمت شخصية جيفز، خادم بيرتي ووستر في أعمال بي جي وودهاوس، من لاعب الكريكيت الأنيق بيرسي جيفز من وارويكشاير، الذي قُتل في معركة السوم. اذهب إلى مباراة في أي مكان، ولا سيما في موطن اللعبة، لتشاهد نافذة آسرة، وأحيانًا مقلقة، على نفسية العالم الناطق بالإنجليزية. ==تعرّف== [[File:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports (Illustration Page 28).png | thumb | 300px | لاعب المضرب يدافع عن الويكيت]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|إنه شهر غريب، أكتوبر. فبالنسبة إلى مشجع الكريكيت المتحمس حقًا، يكون هذا هو الوقت الذي تكتشف فيه أن زوجتك تركتك في مايو. |author=دينيس نوردن، كاتب إنجليزي}} تُمارس الكريكيت في الهواء الطلق على ملعب عشبي كبير دائري أو بيضاوي الشكل، وتُقص حشيشته؛ ولا تُستخدم الأسطح الاصطناعية. وفي الوسط توجد مساحة مستطيلة تُسمى الملعب، ويكون عشبها أقصر. وعند طرفَي الملعب توجد بوابتان تفصل بينهما مسافة 22 ياردة (20 مترًا)، وتتكون كل بوابة من ثلاثة أوتاد خشبية عمودية تعلوها قطعتان خشبيتان صغيرتان. يرمي لاعب الرمي الكرة باتجاه البوابة لإصابتها، بينما يقف لاعب الضرب أمامها ويدافع عنها؛ ويفضل أن يضرب الكرة بعيدًا بما يكفي ليتمكن من الركض إلى البوابة الأخرى وتبديل موقعه مع لاعب الضرب الآخر. ويُحتسب بذلك شوط واحد، وتكون النتيجة أفضل إذا تجاوزت الكرة حدود الملعب، إذ تُحتسب أشواط تلقائية. وهذا يعني أن الكريكيت لا يمكن ممارستها إلا في ظروف دافئة وجافة إلى حد معقول؛ أي في الصيف أو في الموسم الجاف المناظر له. والكرة صلبة، بل شديدة الصلابة إن أصابتك، كما أنها تتباطأ على الأسطح المبتلة. وباستثناء لاعبي الضرب والرمي، يبقى معظم اللاعبين في الملعب ثابتين في مواقعهم، ولا يحافظون على دفئهم بالركض المتواصل كما في مباراة كرة القدم. كما يفضل الجمهور ألا يشعر بالبرد والبلل؛ فمقاعد الملاعب نادرًا ما تكون مغطاة. يحاول لاعب الضرب تسجيل الأشواط، بينما يحاول لاعب الرمي إخراجه من اللعب، أي إقصاءه؛ وعندها يأتي لاعب الضرب التالي، الذي كان جالسًا على جانب الملعب، لمواجهة اللعب. توجد 11 طريقة للإقصاء، لكن الطرق الشائعة عمليًا هي: * '''الإسقاط بالكرة (Bowled)''' – يرمي اللاعب الكرة فتصيب البوابة بقوة تكفي لإسقاط قطعة خشبية واحدة على الأقل من أعلاها. ** «إصابة الويكيت بالمضرب» أو «الضرب بالخطأ على الويكيت» هي حالة فرعية تحدث عندما تؤدي ضربة لاعب الضرب نفسه إلى اصطدام مضربه أو أي جزء من جسمه بالبوابة. * '''الإمساك بالكرة (Caught)''' – يمسك أحد لاعبي الميدان أو لاعب الرمي بالكرة قبل أن تلمس الأرض. ** «الإمساك خلف الويكيت» أو «الإمساك عند الويكيت» هو إمساك حارس الويكيت بالكرة مباشرة خلف البوابة، ويحدث عادة بسبب لمسة خفيفة من لاعب الضرب الذي لم يكن متأكدًا مما إذا كان ينبغي له ضرب الكرة أم تركها تمر. ** «الإمساك من لاعب الرمي» هو أن يمسك لاعب الرمي نفسه الكرة. * '''الإقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت (LBW)''' – تصيب الكرة لاعب الضرب في موضع كان من شأنها أن تصيب فيه البوابة لولا ذلك. غير أن قواعد هذا النوع من الإقصاء شديدة التعقيد، وتُستثنى من القاعدة بعض الحالات التي قد تبدو واضحة للمبتدئين. لذلك طُوّر نظام مراجعة القرارات (DRS) في عام 2008 لتسهيل اتخاذ القرار. * '''الإقصاء أثناء الركض (Run out)''' – يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته أثناء محاولته تسجيل شوط، فيرمي أحد لاعبي الميدان الكرة لكسر البوابة. * '''الإقصاء بالتغفيل (Stumped)''' – وهو شبيه بالحالة السابقة؛ إذ يكسر حارس الويكيت البوابة بالكرة عندما يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته، بعد أن يتقدم لمحاولة ضرب الكرة ويخفق في إصابتها، بدلًا من أن يكون محاولًا تسجيل شوط. إذا نجح لاعب الرمي في إقصاء ثلاثة لاعبين بثلاث رميات متتالية، بأي طريقة كانت، فيقال إنه حقق «هاتريك». ومنذ عام 1858 لم يعد الجمهور يجمع المال لشراء قبعة للاعب الرمي من حصيلة التبرعات، لكن المصطلح انتشر على نطاق واسع في الرياضات الأخرى وفي جوانب الحياة المختلفة. أما «حصيلة خمسة ويكيتات»، المعروفة أيضًا باسم «خمسة مقابل» أو «فيفر»، فتشير إلى إقصاء لاعب الرمي خمسة لاعبين في جولة واحدة، بينما تشير «حصيلة عشرة ويكيتات» إلى إقصائه عشرة لاعبين في مباراة واحدة. [[File:Tom Browne, Illustrated Sports Cricket.png | thumb | 300px | «أوووزات؟!» – ربما لم يكن اللاعب خارجًا]] ومن غرائب اللعبة أن اللاعب المهزوم لا يُقصى تلقائيًا؛ بل يجب على الفريق المدافع أن يسأل الحكم: «ما رأيك؟»، أي هل اللاعب خارج أم لا؟ وهو نداء حماسي أشبه بصيحة «أوووزات؟!». فلا اعتراض من الفريق المدافع، لا إقصاء للاعب. وهذه القاعدة غريبة على مشجعي البيسبول، حيث يعلن الحكام تقريبًا جميع حالات الإقصاء مباشرة دون الحاجة إلى طلب من الفريق المدافع. يرفع الحكم إصبعًا واحدًا للإشارة إلى أن اللاعب خارج، وإلا فيبقى جامدًا بينما يبدي لاعبو الميدان تعابير الدهشة وعدم التصديق. وقد يكون القرار «ليس خارجًا» إذا كان لاعب الرمي قد أرسل كرة غير قانونية، أو إذا لم تلمس الكرة مضرب لاعب الضرب في طريقها إلى قفازي حارس الويكيت، أو إذا لمست المضرب قبل أن تبدو الحالة كأنها إقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت، وغير ذلك. ويستعين الحكام في المباريات الاحترافية بالتقنيات، كما يمكن للفرق الاعتراض على القرارات ضمن حدود معينة، وتعرض الشاشات الكبيرة في الملاعب كل واقعة بالحركة البطيئة. بعد إكمال شوط، يصل لاعب الضرب غير المواجه للكرة إلى طرف الضرب، لكن يمكنه الانطلاق فورًا للعودة وتسجيل شوط ثانٍ إذا كان لاعبو الميدان لا يزالون يطاردون الكرة. أما تسجيل ثلاثة أشواط أو أكثر بالركض، بدلًا من ضربات الحدود، فلا يحدث عادة إلا بسبب خطأ من لاعبي الميدان؛ كأن تُرمى الكرة فلا تصيب أيًا من الأهداف الممكنة في الملعب، ثم تواصل اندفاعها إلى الطرف الآخر، وهو ما يُعرف بالرمي الزائد. ويؤدي ضرب الكرة إلى ما وراء حدود الملعب إلى احتساب أربعة أشواط تلقائيًا، أو ستة إذا تجاوزت الحدود من دون أن تلمس الأرض. وقد تُمنح أشواط إضافية لفريق الضرب بسبب الكرة غير القانونية (إذا نفذ لاعب الرمي رمية مخالفة للقواعد)، أو الكرة الواسعة، أو إذا مرت الكرة من دون أن يضربها أحد وتجاوزت الحدود، وهو ما يُسمى «باي». (هل أدخل حكام الكريكيت الاستعماريون في هونغ كونغ رياضة التاي تشي إلى الصين، من خلال إشاراتهم إلى هذه المخالفات والعقوبات المختلفة؟) ويصفق الجمهور للاعب الذي يسجل «نصف قرن»، أي 50 شوطًا في جولة واحدة، ويحظى من يسجل مئة شوط بتقدير أكبر. لكن النتيجة الأكثر شيوعًا بفارق كبير هي أن يصد لاعب الضرب الكرة من دون تسجيل أي شوط؛ وتُسمى هذه «كرة بلا أشواط»، لأنها تُسجل بهذه الطريقة في دفاتر المسجلين. ويمكن للاعب دفاعي جيد أن يواصل ذلك طوال فترة ما بعد الظهر، بينما يتثاءب المتفرجون ويصيح عشاق اللعبة المتشددون إعجابًا بالمهارة، وهم يتساءلون سرًا إن كان الوقت مبكرًا لطلب مشروب الجن. بعد رمي ست كرات، تُسمى المجموعة «أوفر». ويبقى لاعبا الضرب في موقعيهما، ويأتي لاعب رمي آخر من الطرف المقابل، فيصبح اللاعب الذي لم يكن يواجه الكرة هو المواجه لها، ويتحرك لاعبو الميدان لتغيير مواقعهم وفقًا لذلك. لكن إذا سجل اللاعب المواجه للكرة شوطًا واحدًا في الرمية الأخيرة من الأوفر، فإنه يحتفظ بحق مواجهة الكرة في الأوفر التالي. (يساعد هذا التناوب على موازنة الاختلافات في سطح الملعب وأشعة الشمس وما إلى ذلك). وعندما يُقصى عشرة لاعبين، ينتهي دور فريق الضرب بأكمله، إذ لا يبقى للاعب الحادي عشر شريك. وهذا يُكمل «جولة»، ويكون لها مجموع أشواط يتعين على الفريق الآخر تجاوزه. وقد تنتهي الجولة أيضًا بعد عدد محدد من الأوفرات، مثل 20 أو 50 في الأنظمة القصيرة، أو عن طريق «إعلان إنهاء الضرب»، أي إنهاء فريق الضرب جولته لأن مجموع أشواطه يبدو بعيد المنال بالنسبة إلى الفريق المنافس، وذلك في مباريات الاختبار ومباريات الدرجة الأولى. ولا ينهي الطقس السيئ أو حلول الظلام الجولة إذا كان من الممكن استئناف اللعب لاحقًا، لكن ذلك قد لا يكون ممكنًا في اليوم الأخير من المباراة. وفي مباريات الدرجة الأولى، يلعب كل فريق جولتين؛ أما المستويات والأنظمة الأخرى فتقتصر على جولة واحدة. ويلقي قائدا الفريقين عملة معدنية في بداية المباراة لتحديد ترتيب الضرب؛ وغالبًا ما يختار الفائز أن يبدأ بالضرب، لكن في بعض الظروف، وبالنظر إلى توقعات الطقس، يكون من الأفضل أن يبدأ بالرمي. [[File:GandM Purist-Grace match cricket balls.jpg | thumb | 300px | كرات الكريكيت صغيرة وصلبة، وصلبة جدًا بالفعل]] يُعد مركز لاعب الرمي الأكثر إرهاقًا في الملعب، ولذلك يحتاج كل فريق إلى التناوب بين عدة لاعبين للرمي، مع الأخذ في الحسبان أنهم سيضطرون بدورهم إلى الضرب، وقد لا يكونون بارعين فيه كثيرًا. وسلاحهم الأساسي هو السرعة. يستطيع لاعب الرمي السريع المصنف ضمن الأفضل إرسال الكرة بسرعة تتجاوز 90 ميلًا في الساعة (150 كم/ساعة)، ما يترك للاعب الضرب 0.1 ثانية لتقدير مسارها واختيار الضربة المناسبة، و0.3 ثانية فقط لتحريك أطرافه ومضربه إلى الوضع الصحيح. وفوق ذلك، ترتد الكرة مرة واحدة أثناء سيرها، ولذلك فإن أي دوران فيها يجعل مسارها ينحرف، ولا سيما إذا ارتدت عن منطقة خشنة. أما لاعبو الرمي الدوراني فلا يتميزون بسرعة كبيرة، لكن لديهم قدرة مدهشة على جعل الكرة تتصرف على نحو غير متوقع. ويتم توزيع لاعبي الميدان وفقًا لذلك. ولكل موقع في الملعب اسم غريب، فمثلًا يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية» قريبًا من لاعب الرمي، بينما يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير» قريبًا جدًا من لاعب الضرب إلى درجة تجعل الوقوف فيه ضربًا من الجنون. تذكّر أن الكرة صلبة جدًا! إذا انتهت أيام المباراة أو وقتها أو سمح الطقس بإنهائها، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا» حتى لو كان أحد الفريقين متأخرًا حتمًا في عدد الأشواط. وهذه نتيجة شائعة، وقد سُجل أفضل مجموع فردي على الإطلاق، وهو 501 شوط دون إقصاء، باسم برايان لارا لصالح وارويكشاير أمام دورهام في عام 1994، في مباراة انتهت بالتعادل. ويفوز الفريق بتسجيل عدد أشواط أكبر، الأمر بهذه البساطة، لكن طريقة التعبير عن النتيجة تحتاج إلى توضيح. فإذا كان الفريق في منتصف جولته وقد سجل 155 شوطًا وخسر سبعة لاعبين، يقال إن نتيجته «155 مقابل 7». وإذا أضاف اللاعبون المتأخرون 30 شوطًا أخرى، تنتهي الجولة بنتيجة «185 مع خروج الجميع». ويأتي دور الفريق الآخر للضرب، ولنفترض أنه أنهى جولته عند 160 شوطًا مع خروج الجميع؛ عندها يكون الفريق الأول قد فاز بفارق 25 شوطًا. أما إذا تجاوز الفريق الثاني هدف 185 شوطًا، فيكفيه تسجيل شوط واحد إضافي، ولا يواصل الضرب بعد ذلك. ويقال إنه فاز، مثلًا، «بثلاثة ويكيتات»، إذا بقي أربعة لاعبين لم يُقصوا أو لم يحن دورهم بعد، مع مراعاة أن الإقصاء العاشر أو الويكيت العاشر ينهي الجولة. وقد يفوز فريق «بجولة كاملة» إذا سجل في جولة واحدة أشواطًا أكثر مما يستطيع الفريق الآخر جمعه في جولتين، وهي هزيمة مذلة. وإذا تساوى عدد الأشواط عند اكتمال المباراة، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا متكافئًا» (Tie)، لا «تعادلًا» (Draw)، ويحدث ذلك في نحو مباراة واحدة من كل ألف مباراة. تُعد «مباريات الاختبار» قمة اللعبة، وهي مباريات دولية كاملة المدة بين أفضل البلدان. وتُحدد مدتها بخمسة أيام، لكنها تنتهي غالبًا في أربعة؛ إذ يُترك اليوم الأخير احتياطيًا تحسبًا لسوء الأحوال الجوية. وإذا انتهت المباراة في ثلاثة أيام، فهذا يعني أن أحد الفريقين تعرض لهزيمة ساحقة. أما المباريات الدولية مع البلدان الأخرى أو وفق الأنظمة الأقصر، فلا تُحتسب مباريات اختبار، ولذلك تجذب نقاطًا أقل في التصنيف. ومن الأنظمة القصيرة الشائعة مباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية (ODI)، حيث تُحدد المباراة بخمسين أوفرًا لكل فريق وتستغرق نحو تسع ساعات. أما مباريات «الدرجة الأولى» فهي أبرز المباريات المحلية كاملة المدة، مثل المباريات بين مقاطعات إنجلترا؛ وتستمر أربعة أيام، وغالبًا ما تنتهي في ثلاثة. وأكثر الأنظمة القصيرة شيوعًا هو «عشرون 20» (T20)، حيث يُسمح لكل فريق بعشرين أوفرًا، وقد تُضاف إليها فترات «اللعب القوي» التي تفرض قيودًا على مواقع لاعبي الميدان لتشجيع الضرب الجريء. == حضور المباراة == [[File:England v New Zealand second day of the third test, Headingley (24th June 2022) 019.jpg | thumb | 300px | إطعام الأفعى في مباراة اختبار في هيدينغلي]] قد تنفد تذاكر مباريات الاختبار، لكن من غير المرجح أن تواجه صعوبة في الحصول على تذاكر المباريات الأخرى. وفي مباريات منتصف الأسبوع في المستويات الأدنى، قد تؤدي زيارتك إلى رفع عدد الحضور إلى خانتين فقط. وتكمن المشكلة الكبرى في تخمين موعد وصول مباراة من الدرجة الأولى إلى ذروتها؛ وهو أمر يثير استياء القنوات التلفزيونية والجهات الراعية بشدة. فقد يكون اليوم الخامس من مباراة اختبار حدثًا بلا أهمية لأن اللعب انتهى في اليوم الرابع، أو قد يكون يومًا حافلًا بالإثارة والتشويق، أو مجرد استكمال متوقع لهزيمة محسومة، أو يومًا من الأمطار الغزيرة المتواصلة، أو صراعًا مرهقًا ينتهي بالتعادل. يتدرب اللاعبون لتحسين لياقتهم البدنية ولتحديد التشكيلة قبل المباراة بيومين، في منطقة تُسمى «الشباك». كما يتدرب اللاعبون على الضرب والرمي داخل الشباك قبل المباراة للتعرف إلى طبيعة سطح الملعب. وتساعد الشباك اللاعبين الشباب على تحسين مهاراتهم، من خلال اختبار ما إذا كانوا جيدين بما يكفي للانضمام إلى التشكيلة أم لا. ويتدرب فيها أيضًا اللاعبون الاحتياطيون. يمتزج مشجعو الفريقين المتنافسين بود داخل الملعب وخارجه، ويصفقون للعب الجيد حتى من جانب الخصوم. ارتدِ ملابس مريحة، وتذكر أن قضاء يوم طويل في الخارج يعني احتمال تغير الطقس. استخدم وسائل الحماية من الشمس حتى في الأيام الغائمة؛ إذ تنفذ كمية كبيرة من الأشعة فوق البنفسجية عبر السحب، وارتدِ معطفًا واقيًا من المطر أو احمل مظلة إذا هطل المطر. يرتدي لاعبو فريقي الكريكيت اللون الأبيض، ولا تُستخدم ألوان الفرق إلا في الأنظمة القصيرة، لذلك نادرًا ما يرتدي المشجعون ألوان فرقهم. ويتنكر عدد ملحوظ من المشجعين بملابس غريبة، لذلك قد ترى اثني عشر شابًا يرتدون جميعًا زي سبايدرمان أو التماسيح أو أي شيء آخر. وأكثر الجماعات تميزًا هي أعضاء نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC) في ملعب لوردز، بسترهم الفاقعة ذات اللونين اللذين يشبهان البيض المقدد، وبشرتهم ذات الألوان المشابهة. إذا التقطت كرة ضُربت إلى المدرجات، فستكسب التقدير، لكن عليك إعادتها إلى اللاعبين بسرعة. ليس الأمر أنهم يبخلون بالكرات، لكن تغيير الكرة يبدل ديناميكيات المباراة وله طقوسه الخاصة. كما أنك لن تُقصي لاعب الضرب، لذا فمن الأفضل لك، بصراحة، أن تتفاداها. تذكّر أنها صلبة جدًا! «إطعام الأفعى»: تقدم ملاعب الكريكيت البيرة في أكواب بلاستيكية يمكن التخلص منها، سعة كل منها نصف لتر. ويُستهلك منها الكثير، ومن آداب التعامل مع الأكواب الفارغة أن تصفها بعناية إلى جانب أكواب جيرانك، ثم أكواب جيرانهم، وهكذا. ومع اقتراب نهاية اللعب، تكتسب «أفعى البيرة» المكونة من الأكواب الفارغة حياة خاصة بها، فتلتوي وتتمدد عبر المدرجات. إنها حقًا السلالة النبيلة لأفعى الناغا الهندوسية، وأفعى قوس قزح في معتقدات السكان الأصليين الأستراليين، وآلهة مشاهدة الكريكيت الأفعوانية في أرجاء الكون. == البلدان الرئيسية التي تمارس اللعبة == [[File:MCC member.jpg | thumb | 300px | لا يزال لنادي ماريليبون للكريكيت نفوذ كبير]] نشأت الكريكيت في العصور الوسطى في جنوب شرق إنجلترا، حيث كانت الأغنام تقص العشب برعيه حتى يصبح قصيرًا. وكانت الكرة تُرمى باتجاه بوابة حظيرة الأغنام، ويدافع عنها الراعي باستخدام عصا معقوفة. وكان كثير من الرعاة في كنت وساسكس وسري مهاجرين من فلاندرز، ولذلك كانوا يقولون إنهم ضربوا الكرة بعبارة ''met de krikke ketsen''. وهكذا، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/الغولف|الغولف]]، تكون هذه لعبة أخرى أفلتت من أيدي الهولنديين، ثم نمت في إنجلترا (لا في بريطانيا كلها)، ونُظمت وانتشرت إلى أنحاء العالم. ومن الواضح أن انتشارها كان إلى البلدان ذات الروابط الاستعمارية القوية؛ حيث كان المستوطنون يجمعون الفرق ويتحدون ثكنات الجيش المحلية في مباراة، ويطلبون من فتى الإسطبل الوقوف في موقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير». ولذلك أصبحت هذه البلدان اليوم أبرز الدول في لعبة الكريكيت. كان نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC)، الذي تأسس عام 1787 ويتخذ من ملعب لوردز في لندن مقرًا له، أول هيئة دولية حاكمة للعبة، ولا يزال يتمتع بنفوذ كبير. لكن القيادة انتقلت منذ عام 1909 إلى المجلس الدولي للكريكيت (ICC)، الذي يقع مقره في دبي منذ عام 2005. وينظم المجلس البطولات الكبرى، ويعين كبار الحكام، ويعزز قواعد السلوك؛ ومن أبرز اهتماماته مكافحة الفساد. ويضم اثنتي عشرة دولة عضوًا كاملة، ولا تُحتسب مباريات الاختبار إلا بين هذه الدول. وتُعد بطولة كأس العالم للكريكيت أبرز بطولة دولية، لكنها تُقام بنظام اليوم الواحد. وتُجرى كل أربع سنوات؛ إذ استضافتها الهند عام 2023، وستستضيفها جنوب أفريقيا وزيمبابوي وناميبيا معًا عام 2027. ومن اللافت أن اللعبة كاملة المدة لا تُمارس ضمن بطولة كبرى، وأن معظم المباريات الدولية تُرتب بصورة ثنائية وارتجالية. ولا يوجد نظام «دوري»؛ لكن البلدان الرائدة تلعب مع جميع البلدان الأخرى على مدى دورة مدتها عامان لجمع نقاط التصنيف. الدول الأعضاء الإحدى عشرة كاملة العضوية هي أفغانستان، وأستراليا، وبنغلاديش، وإنجلترا وويلز، والهند، وأيرلندا، ونيوزيلندا، وباكستان، وجنوب أفريقيا، وسريلانكا، وجزر الهند الغربية. وهناك 96 دولة أخرى أعضاء منتسبة. === [[Wy/ar/أفغانستان|أفغانستان]] === لعبت القوات البريطانية الكريكيت للمرة الأولى في أفغانستان عام 1839، لكن مجلس الكريكيت الأفغاني لم يُشكّل إلا عام 1995. عانت البلاد قرونًا من الحروب والصراعات الداخلية، ولذلك لم تحقق الكريكيت فيها تقدمًا يُذكر، شأنها شأن أمور أخرى مثل الصحة والتعليم والإسكان. وما أبقى اللعبة حية هو وجود لاعبين أفغان في الدوريات المحلية في الهند وباكستان، وقد حصلت أفغانستان على صفة عضو اختباري عام 2017. === [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] === الكريكيت هي الرياضة الصيفية الأكثر شعبية، وتُمارس من سبتمبر إلى أبريل، عندما تكون كرة القدم الأسترالية وفق قواعدها الخاصة ودوري الرجبي في فترة توقف موسمهما؛ وغالبًا ما تُستخدم الملاعب نفسها لهذه الرياضات. سُجلت أول مباراة معروفة في سيدني عام 1803، وخاض المنتخب الأسترالي أول مباراة له عام 1877. وسرعان ما تطور مستواه، وجاء أحد انتصاراته الشهيرة في ملعب ذا أوفال في لندن عام 1882، وكان أول فوز له في مباراة اختبار بإنجلترا. ونشرت صحيفة «ذا سبورتينغ تايمز» نعيًا ساخرًا للكريكيت الإنجليزية، جاء فيه: «سيُحرق الجثمان ويُنقل الرماد إلى أستراليا». وقبل مباراة العودة في أستراليا، تعهد قائد المنتخب الإنجليزي «باستعادة الرماد»، وعندما حقق الفوز أُهدي جرة صغيرة تحتوي على رماد إحدى قطع الويكيت الخشبية. وأصبح «الرماد» اليوم اسم سلسلة مباريات الاختبار بين المنتخبين، ويحمل الفائز نسخة احتفالية من الجرة؛ أما الأصلية فهي هشة وتُعرض بصورة دائمة في ملعب لوردز. وإذا انتهت السلسلة بالتعادل، يحتفظ بالكأس الفريق الذي فاز بها في آخر مرة. ومنذ عام 1993، يتواجه نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت ونادي ملبورن للكريكيت دائمًا في مباراة بنظام اليوم الواحد، في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في لوردز عندما تستضيف إنجلترا السلسلة، أو في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت عندما تستضيف أستراليا السلسلة. [[File:Ashes Urn.jpg | thumb | 300px | جرة «الرماد»]] في عام 1977، هزت الكريكيت عالميًا، ولا سيما في أستراليا، عندما أطلق قطب الإعلام كيري باكر (1937–2005) بطولة عالمية منفصلة عن الهيئات الرسمية. وقال إن سلطات الكريكيت لم تكن تستغل إمكانات اللعبة التجارية، وإن كبار اللاعبين كانوا يتقاضون جزءًا ضئيلًا مما يمكنهم كسبه. وبعد عامين، جرى التوصل إلى تسوية (أم كانت تنازلًا؟) وانتهى المشروع المنافس، لكن كثيرًا من سمات اللعبة الحديثة هي إرث الصدمة الإيجابية التي أحدثها باكر. فالمباريات المسائية تحت الأضواء الكاشفة تتيح للموظفين والعاملين حضورها بعد العمل؛ فلماذا لم يفكر أحد في ذلك من قبل؟ واليوم، تُعد «كريكيت أستراليا» الهيئة الحاكمة للعبة، وتُعرف مباريات الدرجة الأولى باسم «كريكيت الدرجات». ومنذ فوز أستراليا بأول لقب لها في كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد عام 1987، ظلت منافسًا قويًا في أنظمة الكريكيت القصيرة. وتتواجه الولايات الست على درع شيفيلد في مباريات من أربعة أيام، وعلى كأس مارش في مباريات اليوم الواحد. وتتنافس ثماني مدن في دوري «بيغ باش» الذي تُقام مبارياته بعشرين أوفرًا. وفازت أستراليا ببطولة العالم للاختبار في دورة 2021–2023. '''مباريات الاختبار''' تُقام عادة في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/ملبورن|ملبورن]]، وملعب سيدني للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]]، وملعب ذا غابا في [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]، وملعب بيرث في [[Wy/ar/بيرث|بيرث]]، وأديلايد أوفال في [[Wy/ar/أديلايد|أديلايد]]. أستراليا هي أنجح دولة في تاريخ كأس العالم للكريكيت، إذ فازت بالكأس ست مرات، وهو رقم قياسي. * '''ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت''' (MCG)، المعروف أيضًا باسم «ذا جي»، يقع في حديقة يارا ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/ملبورن/الشرق الداخلي|ريتشموند]] في ملبورن، ويُعد، على الأرجح، ثاني أهم ملعب للكريكيت في العالم بعد ملعب لوردز في لندن. وهو ملعب متعدد الاستخدامات، وتزيد سعته قليلًا على 100,000 متفرج، ما جعله أكبر ملعب في العالم حتى تجاوزته منشأة أحمد آباد عام 2021. ويستضيف فريق ولاية فيكتوريا وفريق ملبورن ستارز في دوري بيغ باش؛ كما يستضيف مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية في الشتاء. وتُقام فيه مباراة اختبار يوم الصناديق، وهي مباراة بين أستراليا وفريق زائر، سنويًا من 26 إلى 30 ديسمبر. ويضم الملعب أيضًا المتحف الأسترالي للرياضة، الذي يحتوي على '''قاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الأسترالية'''، إلى جانب قسم مخصص لتاريخ نادي ملبورن للكريكيت، مالك الملعب. : '''دوكلاندز''' أو ملعب مارفل هو منشأة أخرى متعددة الاستخدامات، ويستضيف فريق ملبورن رينيغيدز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''ملعب سيدني للكريكيت''' يقع في مور بارك ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/سيدني/شرق المدينة|شرق المدينة]]، خارج مركز سيدني مباشرة. ويستضيف المنتخب الوطني وفريق ولاية نيو ساوث ويلز وفريق سيدني سيكسرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''سيدني شوغراوند''' أو غاينتس أرينا، الواقع في الحديقة الأولمبية، يستضيف فريق سيدني ثاندر في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''متحف برادمان وقاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الدولية''' يقعان في [[Wy/ar/باورال|باورال]] ضمن المرتفعات الجنوبية في نيو ساوث ويلز. * '''أديلايد أوفال'''، الذي يتسع لـ53,500 متفرج، يقع في الحدائق العامة شمال [[Wy/ar/أديلايد/المدينة وأديلايد الشمالية|مركز المدينة]] مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية جنوب أستراليا وفريق أديلايد سترايكرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ذا غابا''' هو الاسم الشائع لملعب بريزبن للكريكيت، ويقع في منطقة وولونغابا جنوب النهر من وسط [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]. ويتسع لـ36,000 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية كوينزلاند وفريق بريزبن بولز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ملعب بيرث'''، الذي يتسع لـ60,000 متفرج، يقع في شبه جزيرة [[Wy/ar/بيرث/الضواحي|بورسوود]] جنوب النهر من وسط بيرث مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية أستراليا الغربية وفريق بيرث سكورشرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''ملعب واكا للكريكيت''' في وسط المدينة، وهو الملعب السابق لمباريات الاختبار في بيرث قبل اكتمال ملعب بيرث، أُغلق لإعادة التطوير حتى عام 2024. وبعد ذلك استضاف مباريات الكريكيت وكرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''بيليريف أوفال''' أو بلوندستون أرينا يقع في منطقة بيليريف بمدينة [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]]، على الضفة الشرقية لنهر ديروينت. ويتسع لـ19,500 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية تسمانيا وفريق هوبارت هوريكينز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''مانوكا أوفال''' يقع في [[Wy/ar/كانبيرا/جنوب كانبيرا|غريفيث]] جنوب وسط كانبيرا، في إقليم العاصمة الأسترالية. ويستضيف مباريات بين الحين والآخر، بما فيها مباريات دولية، لكنه لا يضم فريقًا مقيمًا. === [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] === خاضت بنغلاديش أول مباراة دولية لها عام 1979، بعد ثماني سنوات من الاستقلال، وأول مباراة اختبار عام 2000. الملعب الوطني هو ملعب شير-إي-بنغلا (ويعني «نمر البنغال») في [[Wy/ar/دكا/الشمال|ميربور]]، وهي منطقة تقع شرق العاصمة دكا. ويتسع الملعب لـ25,000 متفرج، كما يستضيف فريق دكا دوميناتورز الذي يشارك في الدوري البنغلاديشي الممتاز، وهو بطولة بنظام عشرين 20. يمتد موسم الأمطار من يونيو إلى أكتوبر، لكن اللعب يظل ممكنًا في كثير من الأحيان. === إنجلترا وويلز === :: ''الإنجليز ليسوا شعبًا شديد التدين، ولذلك اخترعوا الكريكيت ليمنحهم فكرة عن الأبدية.'' – جورج برنارد شو تملك إنجلترا وويلز هيئة مشتركة للكريكيت ومنتخبًا وطنيًا واحدًا، بينما تملك اسكتلندا منتخبها الخاص، وتُعد أيرلندا الشمالية جزءًا من الهيئة والمنتخب المشتركين لجميع أيرلندا. يمتد موسم اللعب من أبريل إلى سبتمبر. ومورست الكريكيت في إنجلترا منذ عام 1550 على الأقل؛ وكان من المقرر تنظيم أول مباريات دولية في جولة إلى فرنسا عام 1789، لكنها أُلغيت بسبب الثورة الفرنسية. أما أول جولة خارجية لمنتخب إنجلترا فكانت إلى الولايات المتحدة وكندا عام 1859. '''مباريات الاختبار''' – أي المباريات الدولية – تُقام في أنحاء البلاد، وعادةً في ملعب لوردز في [[Wy/ar/لندن/بادينغتون ومايدا فيل|لندن]]، وملعب ذا أوفال في [[Wy/ar/لندن/لامبيث|لندن]]، وملعب روز بول في [[Wy/ar/ساوثهامبتون|ساوثهامبتون]]، وملعب إدجباستون في [[Wy/ar/برمنغهام (إنجلترا)|برمنغهام]]، وملعب هيدينغلي في [[Wy/ar/ليدز/شمال غرب ليدز|ليدز]]، وملعب أولد ترافورد في [[Wy/ar/مانشستر/الأرصفة|مانشستر]]، وملعب ترينت بريدج في [[Wy/ar/نوتنغهام|نوتنغهام]]. وخارج الموسم، يلعب المنتخب الإنجليزي مبارياته في الخارج، وتتبعه جماهيره الصاخبة المعروفة باسم «الجيش المجنون». [[File:England's Stuart Broad, Joe Root and Jimmy Anderson discuss tactics.jpg | thumb | 300px | ستيوارت برود وجو روت وجيمي أندرسون يناقشون تكتيكات المنتخب الإنجليزي]] '''بطولة المقاطعات''' هي البطولة المحلية الأبرز، وتُقام مبارياتها على مدى أربعة أيام (وغالبًا ما تنتهي في ثلاثة أيام، مع تخصيص اليوم المتبقي لاحتمال هطول الأمطار). تضم البطولة 18 فريقًا من فرق «الدرجة الأولى»، عشرة منها في القسم الأول وثمانية في القسم الثاني. وتكون ملاعبها المعتادة هي نفسها التي تستضيف مباريات الاختبار أحيانًا، لكن الفرق تلعب في بعض الأحيان في ملاعب أخرى داخل مقاطعاتها. ويوجد نظام للصعود والهبوط بين القسمين، لكن الفرق الثمانية عشر تشكل فيما عدا ذلك بطولة مغلقة، وهي: سري (ملعب ذا أوفال في [[Wy/ar/لندن/لامبيث|لامبيث]]، لندن)، وسومرست (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/تونتون (إنجلترا)|تونتون]])، وإسكس (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/تشيلمسفورد (إنجلترا)|تشيلمسفورد]])، ويوركشاير (ملعب هيدينغلي في [[Wy/ar/ليدز/شمال غرب ليدز|شمال غرب ليدز]])، وهامبشاير (ملعب إيجيس أو روز بول في [[Wy/ar/ساوثهامبتون|ساوثهامبتون]])، ونوتنغهامشير (ملعب ترينت بريدج في [[Wy/ar/نوتنغهام|نوتنغهام]])، ووارويكشير (ملعب إدجباستون في [[Wy/ar/برمنغهام (إنجلترا)|برمنغهام]])، وكينت (ملعب سانت لورانس في [[Wy/ar/كانتربري (إنجلترا)|كانتربري]])، ولانكشير (ملعب أولد ترافورد في [[Wy/ar/مانشستر/الأرصفة|أرصفة مانشستر]])، وورسيسترشير (ملعب نيو رود في [[Wy/ar/وورسيستر (إنجلترا)|وورسيستر]])، وساسكس (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/برايتون (إنجلترا)|برايتون]])، وميدلسكس (ملعب لوردز في منطقة [[Wy/ar/لندن/بادينغتون ومايدا فيل|بادينغتون ومايدا فيل]] في لندن)، وغلوسترشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/بريستول|بريستول]])، وليسترشير (ملعب غريس رود في [[Wy/ar/ليستر|ليستر]])، وديربيشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/ديربي|ديربي]])، ودورهام (ملعب ريفرسايد في تشستر-لو-ستريت، شمال [[Wy/ar/دورهام (إنجلترا)|دورهام]])، ونورثهامبتونشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/نورثهامبتون|نورثهامبتون]])، وغلامورغان (حدائق صوفيا في [[Wy/ar/كارديف|كارديف]]). وهذه الملاعب مخصصة للكريكيت وحدها؛ فمثلًا يقع ملعب أولد ترافورد للكريكيت على بعد نصف ميل جنوب ملعب أولد ترافورد الخاص بنادي مانشستر يونايتد. وتتنافس 19 مقاطعة أخرى في مستوى أدنى ضمن بطولة المقاطعات الوطنية. وكانت تُسمى سابقًا «المقاطعات الصغرى»، لكن بعض هذه المقاطعات واسع جغرافيًا، ولذلك تغير الاسم. تتمتع كريكيت المقاطعات بتاريخ طويل وتقاليد عريقة، لكنها تفتقر إلى الترفيه والجمهور، وقد طال التنبؤ بزوالها. وابتُكرت أنظمة أقصر وأكثر حيوية، مستلهمة تجربة الدوري الهندي الممتاز، ولا يزال هذا التغيير قيد التجربة. وأيًا كان النظام الذي سيحل محل البطولة، فلا بد أن يكون شعبيًا وممتعًا ومربحًا، مع الحفاظ على المهارة وتوفير مسار لتطوير اللاعبين من الهواة إلى المحترفين ثم إلى المستوى الدولي. '''بطولة المئة''' هي منذ عام 2021 البديل الرئيسي؛ إذ تلعب الفرق عشرين مجموعة، تتكون كل منها من خمس كرات. وتُعد البطولة الرئيسية بنظام عشرين 20 في إنجلترا وويلز. تُنظم البطولة بين ثماني مدن، وتُقام مباريات الرجال والنساء تباعًا، وتتيح التذكرة الواحدة حضور المباراتين. والفرق الثمانية هي: برمنغهام فينيكس، ولندن سبيريت (في ملعب لوردز)، ومانشستر سوبر جاينتس (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم مانشستر أوريجينالز)، وصنرايزرز ليدز (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم نورثرن سوبر تشارجرز) (في ملعب هيدينغلي في ليدز)، ومي لندن (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم أوفال إنفينسبلز) (في ملعب ذا أوفال)، وساوثرن بريف (في ساوثهامبتون)، وترينت روكيتس (في نوتنغهام)، وويلش فاير (''تان كيمريغ'') في كارديف. '''كأس اليوم الواحد''' هي بطولة الخمسين أوفرًا، وتتنافس فيها فرق المقاطعات المشاركة في الدرجة الأولى. '''عشرون 20 (T20)''' هو النظام الآخر الذي يتكون من عشرين أوفرًا، وتُقام مبارياته أمام المنتخبات الدولية، وكذلك بين فرق المقاطعات الثمانية عشر في بطولة «تي 20 بلاست». تلعب النساء الكريكيت في جميع المستويات في إنجلترا وويلز، لكن أجورهن تبلغ عادة نحو 20% مما يحصل عليه الرجال. ومنذ أغسطس 2023، أصبحت أجور المباريات الدولية متساوية، وهو ما يضع معيارًا لبقية المدفوعات. وتشارك النساء في جميع البطولات نفسها التي يشارك فيها الرجال. يقع متحف نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت داخل ملعب لوردز في لندن. ويضم جرة الرماد الأصلية وغيرها من التذكارات. === [[Wy/ar/الهند|الهند]] === [[File:Sachin Tendulkar 2013 stamp of India.jpg | thumb | 300px | ساشين تيندولكار على طابع بريد هندي]] وصلت الكريكيت إلى الهند مع البريطانيين في أوائل القرن الثامن عشر، وأُقيمت مباريات الدرجة الأولى منذ عام 1864. ولم تصدّر بريطانيا لعبة الكريكيت فحسب، بل أرسلت أعدادًا كبيرة من الهنود للعمل كتبةً ومهندسين في مستعمراتها العديدة، ولذلك كانوا جزءًا من أسباب نجاح الكريكيت في دول أخرى، بما فيها إنجلترا. واليوم، تُعد الكريكيت الرياضة الأكثر شعبية وربحية في الهند، كما يسمح المناخ بممارستها طوال العام. ويتولى مجلس مراقبة الكريكيت في الهند (BCCI) إدارة اللعبة. وأبرز بطولات الكريكيت المحلية من الدرجة الأولى هي '''[https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/226/ranji-trophy كأس رانجي'''، التي تتنافس فيها الولايات الثماني والعشرون وغيرها، و'''[https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/289/duleep-trophy كأس دوليب]'''، التي تتنافس فيها ست مناطق جغرافية. أما '''[https://www.iplt20.com/ الدوري الهندي الممتاز]''' (IPL)، فهو بطولة بنظام عشرين 20 بين عشرة مدن، وتُقام في أبريل ومايو. ويُعد الدوري الهندي الممتاز أغنى بطولة محلية للكريكيت في العالم، وقد أحدث ثورة في عالم اللعبة بتحويلها إلى صناعة تبلغ قيمتها مليارات الدولارات. ويحظى بشعبية كبيرة بين جميع فئات المجتمع الهندي. وبين مارس ومايو، يكاد يكون من المستحيل ألا تجد الناس يتحدثون عن الدوري الهندي الممتاز. وتمتلئ الملاعب دائمًا عن آخرها عندما تُقام مبارياته. وتوجد أيضًا مسابقات أخرى بنظام عشرين 20 داخل الولايات. وفازت الهند بلقبين في كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد. واستضافت الهند كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد عام 1987 وفي أكتوبر 2023. * '''أحمد آباد:''' يقع ملعب ناريندرا مودي في منطقة [[Wy/ar/أحمد آباد/المنطقة الغربية|موتيرا]]. افتُتح عام 2021، وهو أكبر ملعب للكريكيت في العالم بفارق كبير، إذ تبلغ سعته 134,000 متفرج. ويستضيف فريق غوجارات، إلى جانب فريق غوجارات تايتنز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/بنغالورو|بنغالورو]]:''' يقع ملعب إم تشيناسوامي، الذي يتسع لـ40,000 متفرج، في منطقة كوبون بارك. ويستضيف فريق كارناتاكا، إلى جانب فريق رويال تشالنجرز بنغالورو (RCB) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. (تنويه: لا يستضيف هذا الملعب مباريات الفريق في الموسم الأخير بسبب حادث تدافع جماهيري.) * '''[[Wy/ar/شانديغار|شانديغار]]:''' اكتمل بناء ملعب مهراجا يادافيندرا سينغ عام 2021، ويقع في منطقة مولانبور شمال المدينة، ويتسع لـ40,000 متفرج. : كان ملعب آي إس بيندرا في [[Wy/ar/موهالي|موهالي]] القريبة الملعب الرئيسي لفريق بنجاب كينغز (PBKS) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز، لكنه يخطط للانتقال إلى الملعب الجديد. * '''تشيناي:''' يقع ملعب إم إيه تشيدامبارام، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/تشيناي/الوسط|تشيبَوك]] بجوار شاطئ مارينا (وليس قريبًا إطلاقًا من مدينة تشيدامبارام الواقعة إلى الجنوب). ويستضيف فريق تاميل نادو وفريق تشيناي سوبر كينغز (CSK) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''دلهي:''' يقع ملعب آرون جايتلي للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/دلهي/دلهي القديمة|دلهي القديمة]]. وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم ملعب فيروز شاه كوتلا، ويتسع لـ41,800 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق دلهي وفريق دلهي كابيتالز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/دارامشالا|دارامشالا]]:''' يشتهر ملعب جمعية الكريكيت في هيماشال براديش بموقعه الخلاب أمام خلفية جبال الهيمالايا. ويستضيف فريق هيماشال براديش، إلى جانب بعض المباريات الدولية. وهو ملعب ثانٍ لفريق بنجاب كينغز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/غواليور|غواليور]]:''' يجري إنشاء ملعب جديد يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج في قرية شانكابور غرب المدينة، وكان من المحتمل افتتاحه عام 2023. وفي الوقت الحالي، تُقام المباريات في ملعب كابتن روب سينغ. * '''[[Wy/ar/حيدر آباد|حيدر آباد]]:''' يقع ملعب راجيف غاندي، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/حيدر آباد/الشرق|أوبال]]. ويستضيف فريق حيدر آباد وفريق صنرايزرز حيدر آباد (SRH) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/جايبور|جايبور]]:''' يستضيف ملعب ساواي مان سينغ، الذي يتسع لـ30,000 متفرج، فريق راجستان وفريق راجستان رويالز (RR) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/كولكاتا|كولكاتا]]:''' تقع حدائق إيدن في منطقة [[Wy/ar/كولكاتا/بي بي دي باغ|بي بي دي باغ]] على الضفة الشرقية للنهر. وتتسع لـ68,000 متفرج، وهي الملعب الرئيسي لفريق البنغال وفريق كولكاتا نايت رايدرز (KKR) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. كما يُنظر إليها على نطاق واسع باعتبارها المقر الروحي للكريكيت الهندية، على غرار الدور الذي يؤديه ملعب لوردز في إنجلترا أو ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت في أستراليا. * '''[[Wy/ar/لكناو|لكناو]]:''' يستضيف ملعب إيكانا، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، فريق أوتار براديش وفريق لكناو سوبر جاينتس في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/مومباي|مومباي]]:''' يقع ملعب وانكيدي، الذي يتسع لـ32,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/مومباي/الجنوب|جنوب مومباي]]. وهو مقر مجلس مراقبة الكريكيت في الهند، الهيئة الوطنية الحاكمة للعبة، ومقر الدوري الهندي الممتاز، كما يستضيف فريق مومباي وفريق مومباي إنديانز (MI) في الدوري. * '''[[Wy/ar/ناغبور|ناغبور]]:''' يقع ملعب في سي إيه الجديد في منطقة جامثا. ويتسع لـ45,000 متفرج، ويستضيف نادي فيداربها للكريكيت، لكنه لا يضم فريقًا تابعًا لولاية أو فريقًا في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/بونه|بونه]]:''' جمعية ماهاراشترا للكريكيت (MCA). كان الملعب يستضيف سابقًا مباريات في الدوري الهندي الممتاز لفريقي بونه ووريورز وبونه سوبر جاينتس، لكنه لم يعد يفعل ذلك، بسبب انتقال امتياز سوبر جاينتس إلى لكناو، وعدم تمكن الدوري من العثور على مستثمر جديد. : يقع متحف «بليدز أوف غلوري» للكريكيت في مدينة بونه. ===[[Wy/ar/أيرلندا|أيرلندا]]=== [[File:Lismore - Malahide Castle - 20170928110756.jpg | thumb | 300px | تلعب أيرلندا الكريكيت في مالاهيد ]] كما هو الحال في اتحاد الرغبي، يمثّل فريق واحد جزيرة أيرلندا بأكملها. وصلت لعبة الكريكيت إلى هنا في أوائل القرن التاسع عشر، وخاض المنتخب الوطني مباراته الأولى عام 1855. وحصلت البلاد على صفة الاختبارات عام 2017. لا تُمارس اللعبة على نطاق واسع في جمهورية أيرلندا، وكان كثيرون لا يعرفون حتى أن للبلاد فريقًا، إلى أن انتبهوا إلى ذلك فجأة عام 2011 عندما هزمت أيرلندا إنجلترا. تخوض أيرلندا مبارياتها الدولية في [[Wy/ar/مالاهيد|مالاهيد]]، عند الطرف الشمالي من دبلن. === [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] === :: «استُخدم في المزرعة عدد من الشبان الذين خلّصهم المبشرون من العبودية. وفي المساء رأيت مجموعة منهم تلعب الكريكيت.» ::: - تشارلز داروين، روايته عن رحلة البيغل، 1835 يبدو أن أحد أوائل أفعال المستوطنين البريطانيين نحو عام 1800 كان العثور على رقعة مستوية من الأرض ولعب الكريكيت عليها. يعود أول سجل للعبة إلى عام 1832، وكانت أول مباراة لفريق نيوزيلندي (ضد نيو ساوث ويلز) عام 1894. وأُقيمت أول مباراة اختبارية عام 1930. الكريكيت ثاني أكثر الرياضات شعبية في البلاد بعد اتحاد الرغبي، وتُمارس خلال الصيف في نصف الكرة الجنوبي، من أكتوبر إلى مارس. البطولة المحلية الأبرز هي درع بلانكيت، وهي مباريات من أربعة أيام بين ستة فرق إقليمية. أما كأس فورد فتُقام بنظام اليوم الواحد، من 50 جولة، بين الفرق الستة نفسها، ويُعد درع هاليبورتون جونستون النسخة النسائية منها. وسوبر سماش بطولة كريكيت من 20 جولة للرجال والنساء. * أوكلاند: يُعد ملعب إيدن بارك في [[Wy/ar/أوكلاند/الوسطى#Do|وسط أوكلاند]] الملعب الوطني، ويستضيف الكريكيت (بسعة 42,000 متفرج) ومباريات اتحاد الرغبي ورغبي الدوري. تلعب فيه فرق أوكلاند (مباريات الأربعة أيام ومباريات 50 جولة)، وأوكلاند إيسز (كريكيت الرجال من 20 جولة)، وهارتس (مباريات النساء من 50 جولة و20 جولة). * ويلينغتون: يقع ملعب باسين ريزيرف في [[Wy/ar/ويلينغتون/المدينة#Do|وسط المدينة]]، ويتسع لـ11,600 متفرج، ويضم متحف كريكيت نيوزيلندا ويستضيف المباريات الاختبارية. ويلعب فريق ويلينغتون فايربيردز في جميع صيغ الرجال، بينما تلعب نساء ويلينغتون بليز في صيغتي 50 جولة و20 جولة. وتُقام المباريات الاختبارية أحيانًا في الملعب الإقليمي أيضًا. * [[Wy/ar/كرايستشيرش|كرايستشيرش]]: يلعب فريق كانتربري عادةً في ملعب هاغلي أوفال بوسط المدينة، الذي يتسع لـ9,000 متفرج، وأحيانًا في ملعب مينباور أوفال في [[Wy/ar/رانغيورا|رانغيورا]]، على بعد 25 كم شمالًا. ويُعرف فريق الرجال من 20 جولة باسم كانتربري نايتس، بينما يُعرف فريق النساء في صيغتي 50 جولة و20 جولة باسم كانتربري ماغيشنز. * [[Wy/ar/دنيدن|دنيدن]]: يلعب فريق أوتاغو عادةً في ملعب يونيفرسيتي أوفال، الذي يتسع لـ3,500 متفرج؛ ويُعرف فريق الرجال باسم فولتس والنساء باسم سباركس. ولديهم ملاعب أخرى في [[Wy/ar/إنفركارغيل|إنفركارغيل]] و[[Wy/ar/كوينزتاون (نيوزيلندا)|كوينزتاون]] و[[Wy/ar/ألكسندرا (نيوزيلندا)|ألكسندرا]]. * [[Wy/ar/هاميلتون (نيوزيلندا)|هاميلتون]]: يلعب فريق نورثرن ديستريكتس في ملعب سيدون بارك، الذي لا تتجاوز سعته 10,000 متفرج، ولذلك يتمتع بأجواء ملعب قروي أخضر. وتُعرف فرق الرجال والنساء في جميع الصيغ باسم نورثرن بريف. * [[Wy/ar/نابيير|نابيير]]: ملعب ماكلين بارك، بسعة 19,700 متفرج، هو الملعب الرئيسي لفريق سنترال ديستريكتس؛ ويُعرف فريق الرجال باسم ستاغز والنساء باسم هايندز. كما يلعب الفريقان في ملعب بوككورا بارك في [[Wy/ar/نيو بلايموث|نيو بلايموث]]، وملعب ساكستون أوفال في [[Wy/ar/نيلسون (نيوزيلندا)|نيلسون]]، وملعب فيتزherbert بارك في [[Wy/ar/بالمرستون نورث|بالمرستون نورث]]. ===[[Wy/ar/باكستان|باكستان]]=== وصلت الكريكيت مع البريطانيين قبل التقسيم وإنشاء الدولة، وأُقيمت أول مباراة اختبارية في كراتشي عام 1935. البطولة المحلية من الدرجة الأولى هي كأس قائد أعظم، وتتنافس فيها ثمانية فرق إقليمية. أما الدوري الباكستاني الممتاز فهو منافسة من 20 جولة بين ستة فرق تمثل مدنًا. واجهت الكريكيت في باكستان عراقيل بسبب التغييرات المتكررة في نظام المسابقات المحلية والإرهاب: فقد أدى الهجوم على فريق سريلانكا الزائر عام 2009 إلى امتناع الدول الأخرى عن الزيارة لمدة عقد، واضطرت باكستان إلى خوض المباريات الاختبارية في دبي وأبوظبي. ثم تحسن الوضع، واستضافت باكستان كأس آسيا عام 2023. وتُقام معظم المباريات الاختبارية في [[Wy/ar/كراتشي|كراتشي]] و[[Wy/ar/لاهور|لاهور]]. ===[[Wy/ar/جنوب أفريقيا|جنوب أفريقيا]]=== [[File:2007t20.jpg | thumb | 300px | مباراة ليلية في نيو لاندز، كيب تاون ]] أُدخلت الكريكيت إلى هنا نحو عام 1800، وظلت لفترة طويلة حكرًا على مجتمع جنوب أفريقيا الناطق بالإنجليزية، لكنها أصبحت منذ سقوط نظام الفصل العنصري رياضة يمارسها أبناء مختلف الخلفيات في البلاد ويحققون فيها نتائج متميزة. يمتد موسم اللعب من أكتوبر إلى مارس، والبطولة الرئيسية هي سلسلة سي إس إيه لأربعة أيام؛ وبعد تجربة نظام الامتيازات، عادت البطولة عام 2021 إلى منافسة تضم 15 مقاطعة موزعة على درجتين. ويتنافس العدد نفسه من الفرق في كأس سي إس إيه لليوم الواحد. ومنذ عام 2023، تُقام بطولة إس إيه 20، وهي بطولة من 20 جولة بين ستة امتيازات إقليمية. لم تحصد جنوب أفريقيا سوى لقبين كبيرين من ألقاب المجلس الدولي للكريكيت. وفي عام 2027 ستستضيف جنوب أفريقيا كأس العالم للكريكيت بالاشتراك مع ناميبيا وزيمبابوي. * [[Wy/ar/كيب تاون|كيب تاون]]: ملعب نيو لاندز، الذي تطل عليه جبال تيبل وديفلز بيك، هو مقر فريقي ويسترن بروفينس ومي كيب تاون. * [[Wy/ar/بريتوريا|بريتوريا]]: يلعب فريقا بريتوريا كابيتالز وتيتانز في ملعب سوبر سبورت بارك جنوب المدينة في [[Wy/ar/سنتوريون|سنتوريون]]. * [[Wy/ar/جوهانسبرغ|جوهانسبرغ]]: يستضيف ملعب واندررز في [[Wy/ar/جوهانسبرغ/ساندتون|إيلوفو]] قرب ساندتون المباريات الدولية والمحلية. وهو مقر فريقي ليونز وجوبورغ سوبر كينغز للكريكيت. * [[Wy/ar/بورت إليزابيث|بورت إليزابيث]]: أصبح اسم المدينة الرسمي الآن ''غكيبيرها'' (يُنطق تقريبًا: !-بير-غا، حيث تمثل ! نقرة باللسان)، لكن الجميع ما زالوا يسمونها «بي إي». يقع الملعب فيها في سانت جورج بارك، والفريق المقيم هو واريورز. * [[Wy/ar/ديربان|ديربان]]: يستضيف ملعب كينغزميد تقليديًا مباراة اختبارية في يوم الملاكمة، وهو مقر فريقي دولفينز وديربان سوبرجاينتس. * [[Wy/ar/بلومفونتين|بلومفونتين]]: ملعب مانغونغ أوفال هو مقر فريق نايتس، الذي يمثل مقاطعة فري ستيت. * أما المقاطعات الأخرى فتضم فريق ليونز في [[Wy/ar/خاوتينغ|خاوتينغ]]، ونورث ويست دراغونز، وبولاند في [[Wy/ar/بارل|بارل]]، وساوث ويسترن في أوتشورن، وكوازولو ناتال إنلاند في [[Wy/ar/بيترماريتسبورغ|بيترماريتسبورغ]]، ونورثرن كيب في [[Wy/ar/كيمبرلي (جنوب أفريقيا)|كيمبرلي]]، وليمبوبو في [[Wy/ar/بولوكواني|بولوكواني]]، ومبومالانغا في [[Wy/ar/مبومبيلا|وايت ريفر]]، وبوردر في [[Wy/ar/إيست لندن|إيست لندن]]. ===[[Wy/ar/سريلانكا|سريلانكا]]=== تُمارس الكريكيت هنا منذ نحو عام 1800، وعلى أساس منظم منذ عام 1832، وحصلت البلاد على صفة الاختبارات عام 1981. البطولة المحلية الرئيسية هي الدوري الممتاز، ويضم 26 فريقًا من الدرجة الأولى موزعين على مجموعتين. وتتنافس خمسة امتيازات تمثل المدن في دوري لانكا الممتاز من 20 جولة خلال يوليو وأغسطس. تشمل ملاعب الكريكيت الدولية نادي سينهاليز الرياضي في [[Wy/ar/كولومبو|كولومبو]]، وملعب أسغيريا في [[Wy/ar/كاندي|كاندي]]، وملعب رانغيري دامبولا في [[Wy/ar/دامبولا|دامبولا]]، وملعب ماهيندا راجاباكسا في [[Wy/ar/هامبانتوتا|هامبانتوتا]]، وأشهرها ملعب [[Wy/ar/غال|غال]] الدولي، حيث يطل حصن من القرن السادس عشر على أرض الملعب. وتشتهر سريلانكا أساسًا بهجومها المعتمد على الرميات الدورانية، الذي تطور في تسعينيات القرن العشرين. === [[Wy/ar/جزر الهند الغربية|جزر الهند الغربية]] === يخوض فريق موحد باسم [https://www.windiescricket.com/ جزر الهند الغربية] مباريات الاختبار، بينما تتنافس الجزر منفردة في مجموعة متنوعة من الصيغ؛ وغالبًا ما تخوض الفرق الاختبارية الزائرة مباريات إحماء ضدها. والهيئة الحاكمة هي كريكيت جزر الهند الغربية، وتمثل [[Wy/ar/أنغويلا|أنغويلا]] و[[Wy/ar/أنتيغوا وباربودا|أنتيغوا وباربودا]] و[[Wy/ar/باربادوس|باربادوس]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر العذراء البريطانية|جزر العذراء البريطانية]] و[[Wy/ar/دومينيكا|دومينيكا]] و[[Wy/ar/غرينادا|غرينادا]] و[[Wy/ar/غيانا|غيانا]] و[[Wy/ar/جامايكا|جامايكا]] و[[Wy/ar/مونتسرات|مونتسرات]] و[[Wy/ar/سانت لوسيا|سانت لوسيا]] و[[Wy/ar/سانت فنسنت والغرينادين|سانت فنسنت والغرينادين]] و[[Wy/ar/سانت كيتس ونيفيس|سانت كيتس ونيفيس]] و[[Wy/ar/سينت مارتن|سينت مارتن]] و[[Wy/ar/ترينيداد وتوباغو|ترينيداد وتوباغو]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر العذراء الأمريكية|جزر العذراء الأمريكية]]. بطولة جزر الهند الغربية هي منافسة من أربعة أيام للدرجة الأولى، تُقام في فبراير ومارس بين باربادوس وغيانا وجامايكا وترينيداد وتوباغو وجزر ويندوارد (التي تجمع دومينيكا وغرينادا وسانت لوسيا وسانت فنسنت) وجزر ليوارد (التي تضم تقريبًا جميع الجزر الأخرى). وتتنافس ستة امتيازات تمثل الجزر في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة من 20 جولة خلال أغسطس وسبتمبر؛ إذ تستضيف كل جزيرة خمس مباريات بالتناوب، ثم تنتقل البطولة إلى الجزيرة التالية، وتنتهي أخيرًا بمباريات خروج المغلوب. [[File:Sobers statue kensington.jpg | thumb | 300px | غاري سوبرز يضرب الكرة بقوة في كينسينغتون أوفال ]] كانت أيام مجد كريكيت جزر الهند الغربية في ستينيات وسبعينيات القرن العشرين، بقيادة أسماء مثل فرانك ووريل وغاري سوبرز وكلايف لويد. وقد واجهت اللعبة صعوبات منذ ذلك الحين لعدة أسباب: فالمنطقة الزمنية بعيدة عن المناطق الزمنية للدول الأخرى التي تمارس الكريكيت، مما يجعل تسويق حقوق البث التلفزيوني مشكلة. كما أن أي رياضي شاب واعد ينجذب إلى ألعاب أمريكا الشمالية مثل البيسبول وكرة السلة وكرة القدم الأمريكية، حيث تتاح منح رياضية للدراسة في الكليات الأمريكية. أما إذا لعب جيدًا في فريق الكريكيت المدرسي، فمكافأته المشكوك فيها هي أن يُختار لفريق الجزيرة، ليواجه ثورًا هائجًا من الرماة الدوليين السريعين وهو يندفع نحوه نافثًا أنفاسه. * [[Wy/ar/أنتيغوا|أنتيغوا]]: يلعب فريق أنتيغوا وفريق أنتيغوا فالكونز في ملعب السير فيفيان ريتشاردز في سانت بيترز. * [[Wy/ar/باربادوس|باربادوس]]: يلعب الفريق في ملعب كينسينغتون أوفال في [[Wy/ar/بريدجتاون|بريدجتاون]]، كما يلعب فريق باربادوس رويالز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة هناك. * [[Wy/ar/غيانا|غيانا]]: يلعب المنتخب الوطني وفريق غيانا أمازون ووريورز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب بروفيدنس في [[Wy/ar/جورج تاون (غيانا)|جورج تاون]]. * [[Wy/ar/غرينادا|غرينادا]]: هي القاعدة الرئيسية لفريق جزر ويندوارد، في الملعب الوطني للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/سانت جورجز|سانت جورجز]]. * [[Wy/ar/جامايكا|جامايكا]]: يلعب فريق الجزيرة وفريق جامايكا تالاوّاهز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب سابينا بارك في [[Wy/ar/كينغستون (جامايكا)|كينغستون]]. * [[Wy/ar/سانت كيتس ونيفيس|سانت كيتس]]: تلعب ضمن فريق جزر ليوارد، بينما ينافس فريق سانت كيتس ونيفيس باتريوتس في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب وارنر بارك في [[Wy/ar/باستير|باستير]]. * [[Wy/ar/سانت لوسيا|سانت لوسيا]]: تلعب ضمن فريق جزر ويندوارد، بينما ينافس فريق سانت لوسيا كينغز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب دارين سامي للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/غروس إيليت|غروس إيليت]] عند الطرف الشمالي من الجزيرة. * [[Wy/ar/سانت فنسنت والغرينادين|سانت فنسنت]]: تلعب ضمن فريق جزر ويندوارد في ملعب أرنوس فالي في [[Wy/ar/كينغستاون|كينغستاون]]. * [[Wy/ar/ترينيداد وتوباغو|ترينيداد وتوباغو]]: تلعب في ملعب كوينز بارك أوفال في [[Wy/ar/بورت أوف سبين|بورت أوف سبين]]، كما ينافس فريق ترينباغو نايت رايدرز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة. ===[[Wy/ar/زيمبابوي|زيمبابوي]]=== أُدخلت اللعبة في القرن التاسع عشر، ونُظمت منذ عام 1898، وشاركت البلاد (باسم روديسيا) في كأس كوري في جنوب أفريقيا. وانقطعت تلك الصلة عند الاستقلال عام 1980، وحصلت البلاد على صفة الاختبارات عام 1992. ومنذ عام 2003، تدخل الرئيس روبرت موغابي في الرياضة، واختار المنتخب الوطني على أسس عرقية وسياسية. وقد أثبت كفاءة في اختيار لاعبي الكريكيت بقدر كفاءته كرجل دولة، وتعرض فريقه لهزائم ساحقة بقدر ما تعرض له الاقتصاد. كانت زيمبابوي على وشك فقدان صفة الاختبارات؛ ورأت السلطات المسؤولة عن الكريكيت أن من المناسب التهرب من اتخاذ هذا القرار، لكن البلاد ظلت لعدة سنوات منبوذة. وقد تعافت تدريجيًا، لكنها ما زالت تقريبًا أضعف فريق يشارك في المباريات الاختبارية. البطولة المحلية الأبرز هي كأس لوغان، التي سُمّيت باسم رجل الأعمال الذي جمع ثروته من خدمات المطاعم في السكك الحديدية بهذه المنطقة. تُقام المباريات الدولية عادةً في نادي هراري الرياضي في العاصمة [[Wy/ar/هراري|هراري]]، وأحيانًا في نادي كوينز الرياضي في [[Wy/ar/بولاوايو|بولاوايو]]. ويُفضّل استضافة مباريات السلاسل الثلاثية في زيمبابوي، كما تخوض الفرق غالبًا مباريات إحماء ضدها. وفي عام 2023، استضافت زيمبابوي بطولة تأهيلية لكأس العالم، لكنها لم تنجح في التأهل بنفسها. == دول مباريات اليوم الواحد == [[File:Cable knit cricket pullover jersey at Epping Foresters Cricket Club.jpg | thumb | 300px | تُصنع السترات الجيدة في اسكتلندا ]] تشكل ثماني دول مستوى ثانيًا، وتلعب مباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية (من 50 جولة) ومباريات من 20 جولة ضد الأعضاء الكاملين وضد بعضها بعضًا، لكنها لا تلعب مباريات اختبارية. وهذه الدول هي كندا وناميبيا ونيبال وهولندا وعُمان واسكتلندا والإمارات العربية المتحدة والولايات المتحدة. * '''[[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]]''' واحدة من دول الكومنولث القليلة التي لم تنتشر فيها الرياضة قط، رغم أن الكريكيت لُعبت في مونتريال عام 1785، وأن أول مباراة دولية في العالم جمعت كندا والولايات المتحدة عام 1844؛ وما زالت هذه المباراة تُقام سنويًا. الملعب الرئيسي هو نادي الكريكيت والتزلج والكيرلنغ في منطقة [[Wy/ar/تورونتو/شمال يورك|شمال يورك]] في تورونتو، مع إقامة مباريات من حين لآخر في نادي مابل ليف للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/كينغ (أونتاريو)|كينغ]] إلى الشمال. * '''[[Wy/ar/ناميبيا|ناميبيا]]''' شاركت في بطولات جنوب أفريقيا باسم جنوب غرب أفريقيا حتى استقلالها عام 1990. توجد ثلاثة ملاعب في العاصمة ويندهوك وملعب واحد في خليج والفيس. وفي عام 2027 ستستضيف ناميبيا كأس العالم بالاشتراك مع جنوب أفريقيا وزيمبابوي. * '''[[Wy/ar/نيبال|نيبال]]''' تلعب الكريكيت من سبتمبر إلى نوفمبر، ومن مارس إلى مايو. وتُقام جميع المباريات الدولية في ملعب جامعة تريبهوفان في [[Wy/ar/كيرتيبور|كيرتيبور]] قرب كاتماندو. * '''[[Wy/ar/هولندا|هولندا]]'''، أو ربما المغتربون الفلمنكيون، هم من اخترعوا اللعبة في العصور الوسطى، ثم أعادتها القوات البريطانية إلى البلاد في أوائل القرن التاسع عشر. أصبحت اللعبة شعبية في سبعينيات القرن التاسع عشر، وخاض المنتخب الوطني مباراته الأولى عام 1881. الملعب المعتاد للمباريات الدولية هو ملعب في آر إيه للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/أمستلفين|أمستلفين]]، وهي منطقة جنوبية من أمستردام. وكانت هولندا قد تأهلت لكأس العالم 2023، لكنها أنهت البطولة في المركز الأخير. * '''[[Wy/ar/عُمان|عُمان]]''' لديها جاليات من المغتربين تشبه تلك الموجودة في الإمارات العربية المتحدة (أدناه)، لكنها تأخرت في تطوير المرافق؛ فقد وُصفت ملاعبها بأنها «مناطق خارجية عشبية معدومة، بنية بالكامل، وعلى شرائط خرسانية مغطاة بعشب صناعي». وقد عولج ذلك عام 2012 ببناء ملعب مخصص في العامرات، على بعد 20 كم داخل البلاد من [[Wy/ar/مسقط|مسقط]]، حيث تُقام الآن جميع المباريات الدولية. * '''[[Wy/ar/اسكتلندا|اسكتلندا]]''' شهدت اللعبة لأول مرة عام 1785، عندما لعب جنود إنجليز في ألووا. (ومن بين جميع التدابير الصارمة التي فُرضت لردع المزيد من تمردات اليعاقبة، كان هذا الإجراء الأكثر نجاحًا.) في ثمانينيات القرن العشرين، لعبت اسكتلندا في المسابقات المحلية الإنجليزية باعتبارها واحدة من «المقاطعات الصغرى»، لكنها غادرت ذلك للانضمام إلى المجلس الدولي للكريكيت عام 1994. تُقام المباريات الدولية عادةً في نادي غرانج للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/إدنبرة/ستوكبريدج وكانونميلز|ستوكبريدج، إدنبرة]]، وأحيانًا في ملعب مانوفيلد بارك في [[Wy/ar/أبردين|أبردين]]. أما إسهام البلاد العظيم الذي لا يُنسب إليه الفضل بما يكفي، فهو أنه إذا كانت لديك سترة كريكيت سميكة محاكة بكابلات، ويفضل أن تكون مرفقيها ملطخين بالعشب لتبدو أصلية، فمن المرجح أنها نُسجت في منطقة باردة من اسكتلندا. أما إذا كانت من الهند فهي رخيصة ورديئة. * '''[[Wy/ar/الإمارات العربية المتحدة|الإمارات العربية المتحدة]]''' تضم أعدادًا كبيرة من المغتربين من شبه القارة الهندية، ولذلك تحظى الكريكيت بشعبية. ومنذ عام 2005، يتخذ المجلس الدولي للكريكيت من دبي مقرًا له؛ وكان ذلك إلى حد كبير لتقليل الضرائب، لكنه جعله أقرب إلى مزيد من الدول التي تمارس الكريكيت، وأنهى هيمنة نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت في لوردز بلندن. الملاعب الرئيسية في الإمارات هي استاد زايد في [[Wy/ar/أبو ظبي|أبو ظبي]]، وملعب مدينة دبي الرياضية للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/دبي|دبي]]، وملعب الشارقة للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/الشارقة|الشارقة]]. * '''[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]''' مارست الكريكيت منذ أوائل القرن الثامن عشر، لكنها عُدّت لعبة المستعمرين وخسرت شعبيتها لصالح البيسبول. وتشهد اللعبة عودة في شعبيتها، ويعود ذلك جزئيًا إلى التدفق الكبير للمهاجرين من جنوب آسيا في القرن الحادي والعشرين. وشهد عام 2023 إطلاق بطولة دوري الكريكيت الرئيسي، التي تتنافس فيها فرق لوس أنجلوس نايت رايدرز ومي نيويورك وسان فرانسيسكو يونيكورنز وسياتل أوركاس وتكساس سوبر كينغز وواشنطن فريدوم. أما التفصيل الصغير المتعلق بملاعب هذه الفرق فلم يُحسم، ولذلك أُقيمت جميع المباريات في ملعب غراند برايري في شمال هيوستن بولاية تكساس، وملعب تشيرش ستريت بارك في موريسفيل بولاية كارولاينا الشمالية. ومن المخطط توسيع البطولة إلى عشرة فرق، كما أن دوريًا صغيرًا يضم 27 فريقًا آخر يُقام بالفعل. وفي عام 2024، استضافت الولايات المتحدة كأس العالم للرجال من 20 جولة بالاشتراك مع جزر الهند الغربية، وستتضمن الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية لعام 2028 في لوس أنجلوس منافسات للكريكيت من 20 جولة. == دول أخرى == [[File:Cuba - Inauguracion de la Republica (1902).jpg | thumb | 300px | يزيل المجلس الدولي للكريكيت علم كوبا بعد طردها ]] تمارس 88 دولة أخرى لعبة الكريكيت بصورة منظمة ضمن إطار المجلس الدولي للكريكيت. وهي لا تلعب بانتظام ضد الدول الأعلى مستوى، لكنها مؤهلة للمشاركة في الأدوار التأهيلية للبطولات الكبرى. فعلى سبيل المثال، في كأس العالم 2023، كانت الدول الطامحة إلى التأهل هي برمودا والدنمارك وهونغ كونغ وإيطاليا وكينيا وماليزيا وقطر وسنغافورة وأوغندا وفانواتو وجيرزي وبابوا غينيا الجديدة. ولم يتأهل أي منها إلى النهائيات في الهند. «هذا ليس كريكيت!» – بالنظر إلى بعض التصرفات المشينة التي لم تنل من المجلس الدولي للكريكيت سوى توبيخ بسيط، فلا بد أن تكون لعبة بلد ما غارقة في الفساد الأخلاقي حتى تستحق العقوبة القصوى المتمثلة في الطرد. والدول التي حققت ذلك بطريقة ما هي بروناي وكوبا والمغرب وروسيا وتونغا وزامبيا. ولم تنظم هذه الدول بطولة فيما بينها حتى الآن. في [[Wy/ar/مالايا|مالايا]]، كثيرًا ما أنشأ المستعمرون البريطانيون شكلًا من أشكال الساحات المدنية الاستعمارية يُعرف باسم ''بادانغ'' (وهي كلمة ملايوية تعني «حقلًا»)، أي مساحة عشبية تحيط بها المباني المدنية، إلى جانب نادٍ للكريكيت للمستعمرين البريطانيين. ولا يزال كثير من هذه الأماكن قائمًا، وإن أُعيد استخدامه لأغراض أخرى، لكن المواقع الموجودة في إيبوه وكوالالمبور (المعروفة اليوم باسم ''داتاران ميرديكا'') وسنغافورة ما زالت تُستخدم أحيانًا لمباريات الكريكيت. في [[Wy/ar/اليونان|اليونان]]، نادرًا ما تُمارس الكريكيت، باستثناء جزيرة [[Wy/ar/كورفو|كورفو]] حيث تحظى بمتابعة كبيرة بفضل الوجود البريطاني القصير هناك في القرن التاسع عشر. == افعل == * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/ كأس العالم للكريكيت]''' بطولة لمباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية، تُقام كل أربع سنوات. وستستضيف النسخة المقبلة جنوب أفريقيا و[[Wy/ar/زيمبابوي|زيمبابوي]] و[[Wy/ar/ناميبيا|ناميبيا]] بالاشتراك عام 2027. * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/mens-t20-world-cup-2026 كأس العالم من 20 جولة]''' بطولة دولية من 20 جولة، تُقام كل عامين. وستستضيف أستراليا ونيوزيلندا النسخة المقبلة بالاشتراك عام 2028. * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/champions-trophy-2025 كأس أبطال المجلس الدولي للكريكيت]''' بطولة أخرى لمباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية، تُقام كل أربع سنوات. توقفت مؤقتًا بعد نسخة 2017، لكنها عادت مع نسخة 2025 التي استضافتها باكستان والإمارات العربية المتحدة<ref>وافقت الإمارات العربية المتحدة على استضافة المباريات التي تشارك فيها الهند في ملعب دبي للكريكيت، بعد أن أصدرت الهند بيانًا قالت فيه إنها لن تلعب مباريات في باكستان. أما المباراة الرئيسية نفسها فأُقيمت في الإمارات.</ref>. وستُقام النسخة المقبلة من كأس الأبطال في الهند عام 2029. * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/world-test-championship بطولة العالم للاختبارات التابعة للمجلس الدولي للكريكيت]''' بطولة اختبارية بين الدول التي تلعب مباريات الاختبار، وتتكون من مرحلة دوري تضم سلاسل اختبارية مختلفة بين الدول (وأشهرها '''الرماد (بين أستراليا وإنجلترا)، وكأس بوردر-غافاسكار (أستراليا والهند)، وكأس أندرسون-تندولكار (إنجلترا والهند)، وكأس غاندي-مانديلا (الهند وجنوب أفريقيا)'''). وبعد مرحلة الدوري، تُقام مرحلة فاصلة ونهائي في ملعب لوردز. * ستُدرج اللعبة ضمن [[Wy/ar/الألعاب الأولمبية|'''الألعاب الأولمبية''']] في [[Wy/ar/لوس أنجلوس|لوس أنجلوس]] عام 2028، وستكون تلك أول عودة لها إلى الألعاب الأولمبية منذ عام 1900 في باريس. في ذلك العام، هزمت بريطانيا العظمى فرنسا بفارق 158 جولة، لتحقق الميدالية الذهبية الأولى والوحيدة في هذه الرياضة. * '''العب بنفسك'''، أو على الأقل اطلب من لاعب كريكيت أن يرمي إليك بعض الكرات. إذا كنت جيدًا في رياضات المضرب، فستعتاد عليها سريعًا. تُسمى منطقة التدريب «الشباك»، وتضم المجمعات الرياضية الكبيرة آلات لرمي الكرات. أما الأندية للهواة فلا تستطيع غالبًا تحمل تكلفة الشبك، ولذلك عليك أن تعود لجلب أي كرة تفشل في ضربها. == انظر أيضًا == * [[Wy/ar/كرة القدم الأمريكية|كرة القدم الأمريكية]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة القدم|كرة القدم]] * [[Wy/ar/البيسبول|البيسبول]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة السلة في أمريكا الشمالية|كرة السلة في أمريكا الشمالية]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة القدم في أوروبا|كرة القدم في أوروبا]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة اليد في أوروبا|كرة اليد في أوروبا]] * [[Wy/ar/هوكي الجليد في أمريكا الشمالية|هوكي الجليد في أمريكا الشمالية]] * [[Wy/ar/الألعاب الأولمبية|الألعاب الأولمبية]] * [[Wy/ar/اتحاد الرغبي|اتحاد الرغبي]] {{Wy/ar/Geo|18|33|zoom=3}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|الرياضات}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] kmvd07oexbcwrqa85jhl4bb2xd9ps2j 7386669 7386668 2026-11-10T07:56:53Z Almajidy 2647497 7386669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Cricket banner Local cricket match Leeds.JPG|الكريكيت}} '''الكريكيت''' لعبة تُلعب بالمضرب والكرة بين فريقين، يتألف كل منهما من أحد عشر لاعبًا، على ملعب كبير بيضاوي الشكل، ويتركز اللعب في الملعب الصغير الواقع في الوسط. وهي ليست لعبة سريعة؛ إذ قد تستغرق المباراة، بحسب نظامها، 90 دقيقة أو ما يبدو كأنه بقية حياتك. نشأت الكريكيت في إنجلترا، وهي متغلغلة في ثقافتها ولغتها، حتى بين أولئك الذين لا يقتربون من ملاعبها مطلقًا. ومن تعبيراتها الشائعة في البلدان التي تمارسها: «أتمنى لك جولة موفقة»، و«ضربة بستة أشواط»، و«ارمِ كرة ملتوية»، و«ملعب صعب»، و«هذا ليس من روح الكريكيت». وقائمة الاستعارات المأخوذة من الكريكيت في كلام الشعوب التي تلعبها تكاد تطول بقدر قائمة الاستعارات البحرية. وتضم روايات إنجليزية كثيرة مشاهد تدور حول مباريات الكريكيت أو نقاشات جادة بشأنها؛ فرواية [[Wy/ar/أوراق فلاشمان#سيدة فلاشمان|سيدة فلاشمان]] الكوميدية تصف اللعبة كما كانت تُمارس في أربعينيات القرن التاسع عشر. كما استُلهمت شخصية جيفز، خادم بيرتي ووستر في أعمال بي جي وودهاوس، من لاعب الكريكيت الأنيق بيرسي جيفز من وارويكشاير، الذي قُتل في معركة السوم. اذهب إلى مباراة في أي مكان، ولا سيما في موطن اللعبة، لتشاهد نافذة آسرة، وأحيانًا مقلقة، على نفسية العالم الناطق بالإنجليزية. ==تعرّف== [[File:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports (Illustration Page 28).png | thumb | 300px | لاعب المضرب يدافع عن الويكيت]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|إنه شهر غريب، أكتوبر. فبالنسبة إلى مشجع الكريكيت المتحمس حقًا، يكون هذا هو الوقت الذي تكتشف فيه أن زوجتك تركتك في مايو. |author=دينيس نوردن، كاتب إنجليزي}} تُمارس الكريكيت في الهواء الطلق على ملعب عشبي كبير دائري أو بيضاوي الشكل، وتُقص حشيشته؛ ولا تُستخدم الأسطح الاصطناعية. وفي الوسط توجد مساحة مستطيلة تُسمى الملعب، ويكون عشبها أقصر. وعند طرفَي الملعب توجد بوابتان تفصل بينهما مسافة 22 ياردة (20 مترًا)، وتتكون كل بوابة من ثلاثة أوتاد خشبية عمودية تعلوها قطعتان خشبيتان صغيرتان. يرمي لاعب الرمي الكرة باتجاه البوابة لإصابتها، بينما يقف لاعب الضرب أمامها ويدافع عنها؛ ويفضل أن يضرب الكرة بعيدًا بما يكفي ليتمكن من الركض إلى البوابة الأخرى وتبديل موقعه مع لاعب الضرب الآخر. ويُحتسب بذلك شوط واحد، وتكون النتيجة أفضل إذا تجاوزت الكرة حدود الملعب، إذ تُحتسب أشواط تلقائية. وهذا يعني أن الكريكيت لا يمكن ممارستها إلا في ظروف دافئة وجافة إلى حد معقول؛ أي في الصيف أو في الموسم الجاف المناظر له. والكرة صلبة، بل شديدة الصلابة إن أصابتك، كما أنها تتباطأ على الأسطح المبتلة. وباستثناء لاعبي الضرب والرمي، يبقى معظم اللاعبين في الملعب ثابتين في مواقعهم، ولا يحافظون على دفئهم بالركض المتواصل كما في مباراة كرة القدم. كما يفضل الجمهور ألا يشعر بالبرد والبلل؛ فمقاعد الملاعب نادرًا ما تكون مغطاة. يحاول لاعب الضرب تسجيل الأشواط، بينما يحاول لاعب الرمي إخراجه من اللعب، أي إقصاءه؛ وعندها يأتي لاعب الضرب التالي، الذي كان جالسًا على جانب الملعب، لمواجهة اللعب. توجد 11 طريقة للإقصاء، لكن الطرق الشائعة عمليًا هي: * '''الإسقاط بالكرة (Bowled)''' – يرمي اللاعب الكرة فتصيب البوابة بقوة تكفي لإسقاط قطعة خشبية واحدة على الأقل من أعلاها. ** «إصابة الويكيت بالمضرب» أو «الضرب بالخطأ على الويكيت» هي حالة فرعية تحدث عندما تؤدي ضربة لاعب الضرب نفسه إلى اصطدام مضربه أو أي جزء من جسمه بالبوابة. * '''الإمساك بالكرة (Caught)''' – يمسك أحد لاعبي الميدان أو لاعب الرمي بالكرة قبل أن تلمس الأرض. ** «الإمساك خلف الويكيت» أو «الإمساك عند الويكيت» هو إمساك حارس الويكيت بالكرة مباشرة خلف البوابة، ويحدث عادة بسبب لمسة خفيفة من لاعب الضرب الذي لم يكن متأكدًا مما إذا كان ينبغي له ضرب الكرة أم تركها تمر. ** «الإمساك من لاعب الرمي» هو أن يمسك لاعب الرمي نفسه الكرة. * '''الإقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت (LBW)''' – تصيب الكرة لاعب الضرب في موضع كان من شأنها أن تصيب فيه البوابة لولا ذلك. غير أن قواعد هذا النوع من الإقصاء شديدة التعقيد، وتُستثنى من القاعدة بعض الحالات التي قد تبدو واضحة للمبتدئين. لذلك طُوّر نظام مراجعة القرارات (DRS) في عام 2008 لتسهيل اتخاذ القرار. * '''الإقصاء أثناء الركض (Run out)''' – يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته أثناء محاولته تسجيل شوط، فيرمي أحد لاعبي الميدان الكرة لكسر البوابة. * '''الإقصاء بالتغفيل (Stumped)''' – وهو شبيه بالحالة السابقة؛ إذ يكسر حارس الويكيت البوابة بالكرة عندما يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته، بعد أن يتقدم لمحاولة ضرب الكرة ويخفق في إصابتها، بدلًا من أن يكون محاولًا تسجيل شوط. إذا نجح لاعب الرمي في إقصاء ثلاثة لاعبين بثلاث رميات متتالية، بأي طريقة كانت، فيقال إنه حقق «هاتريك». ومنذ عام 1858 لم يعد الجمهور يجمع المال لشراء قبعة للاعب الرمي من حصيلة التبرعات، لكن المصطلح انتشر على نطاق واسع في الرياضات الأخرى وفي جوانب الحياة المختلفة. أما «حصيلة خمسة ويكيتات»، المعروفة أيضًا باسم «خمسة مقابل» أو «فيفر»، فتشير إلى إقصاء لاعب الرمي خمسة لاعبين في جولة واحدة، بينما تشير «حصيلة عشرة ويكيتات» إلى إقصائه عشرة لاعبين في مباراة واحدة. [[File:Tom Browne, Illustrated Sports Cricket.png | thumb | 300px | «أوووزات؟!» – ربما لم يكن اللاعب خارجًا]] ومن غرائب اللعبة أن اللاعب المهزوم لا يُقصى تلقائيًا؛ بل يجب على الفريق المدافع أن يسأل الحكم: «ما رأيك؟»، أي هل اللاعب خارج أم لا؟ وهو نداء حماسي أشبه بصيحة «أوووزات؟!». فلا اعتراض من الفريق المدافع، لا إقصاء للاعب. وهذه القاعدة غريبة على مشجعي البيسبول، حيث يعلن الحكام تقريبًا جميع حالات الإقصاء مباشرة دون الحاجة إلى طلب من الفريق المدافع. يرفع الحكم إصبعًا واحدًا للإشارة إلى أن اللاعب خارج، وإلا فيبقى جامدًا بينما يبدي لاعبو الميدان تعابير الدهشة وعدم التصديق. وقد يكون القرار «ليس خارجًا» إذا كان لاعب الرمي قد أرسل كرة غير قانونية، أو إذا لم تلمس الكرة مضرب لاعب الضرب في طريقها إلى قفازي حارس الويكيت، أو إذا لمست المضرب قبل أن تبدو الحالة كأنها إقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت، وغير ذلك. ويستعين الحكام في المباريات الاحترافية بالتقنيات، كما يمكن للفرق الاعتراض على القرارات ضمن حدود معينة، وتعرض الشاشات الكبيرة في الملاعب كل واقعة بالحركة البطيئة. بعد إكمال شوط، يصل لاعب الضرب غير المواجه للكرة إلى طرف الضرب، لكن يمكنه الانطلاق فورًا للعودة وتسجيل شوط ثانٍ إذا كان لاعبو الميدان لا يزالون يطاردون الكرة. أما تسجيل ثلاثة أشواط أو أكثر بالركض، بدلًا من ضربات الحدود، فلا يحدث عادة إلا بسبب خطأ من لاعبي الميدان؛ كأن تُرمى الكرة فلا تصيب أيًا من الأهداف الممكنة في الملعب، ثم تواصل اندفاعها إلى الطرف الآخر، وهو ما يُعرف بالرمي الزائد. ويؤدي ضرب الكرة إلى ما وراء حدود الملعب إلى احتساب أربعة أشواط تلقائيًا، أو ستة إذا تجاوزت الحدود من دون أن تلمس الأرض. وقد تُمنح أشواط إضافية لفريق الضرب بسبب الكرة غير القانونية (إذا نفذ لاعب الرمي رمية مخالفة للقواعد)، أو الكرة الواسعة، أو إذا مرت الكرة من دون أن يضربها أحد وتجاوزت الحدود، وهو ما يُسمى «باي». (هل أدخل حكام الكريكيت الاستعماريون في هونغ كونغ رياضة التاي تشي إلى الصين، من خلال إشاراتهم إلى هذه المخالفات والعقوبات المختلفة؟) ويصفق الجمهور للاعب الذي يسجل «نصف قرن»، أي 50 شوطًا في جولة واحدة، ويحظى من يسجل مئة شوط بتقدير أكبر. لكن النتيجة الأكثر شيوعًا بفارق كبير هي أن يصد لاعب الضرب الكرة من دون تسجيل أي شوط؛ وتُسمى هذه «كرة بلا أشواط»، لأنها تُسجل بهذه الطريقة في دفاتر المسجلين. ويمكن للاعب دفاعي جيد أن يواصل ذلك طوال فترة ما بعد الظهر، بينما يتثاءب المتفرجون ويصيح عشاق اللعبة المتشددون إعجابًا بالمهارة، وهم يتساءلون سرًا إن كان الوقت مبكرًا لطلب مشروب الجن. بعد رمي ست كرات، تُسمى المجموعة «أوفر». ويبقى لاعبا الضرب في موقعيهما، ويأتي لاعب رمي آخر من الطرف المقابل، فيصبح اللاعب الذي لم يكن يواجه الكرة هو المواجه لها، ويتحرك لاعبو الميدان لتغيير مواقعهم وفقًا لذلك. لكن إذا سجل اللاعب المواجه للكرة شوطًا واحدًا في الرمية الأخيرة من الأوفر، فإنه يحتفظ بحق مواجهة الكرة في الأوفر التالي. (يساعد هذا التناوب على موازنة الاختلافات في سطح الملعب وأشعة الشمس وما إلى ذلك). وعندما يُقصى عشرة لاعبين، ينتهي دور فريق الضرب بأكمله، إذ لا يبقى للاعب الحادي عشر شريك. وهذا يُكمل «جولة»، ويكون لها مجموع أشواط يتعين على الفريق الآخر تجاوزه. وقد تنتهي الجولة أيضًا بعد عدد محدد من الأوفرات، مثل 20 أو 50 في الأنظمة القصيرة، أو عن طريق «إعلان إنهاء الضرب»، أي إنهاء فريق الضرب جولته لأن مجموع أشواطه يبدو بعيد المنال بالنسبة إلى الفريق المنافس، وذلك في مباريات الاختبار ومباريات الدرجة الأولى. ولا ينهي الطقس السيئ أو حلول الظلام الجولة إذا كان من الممكن استئناف اللعب لاحقًا، لكن ذلك قد لا يكون ممكنًا في اليوم الأخير من المباراة. وفي مباريات الدرجة الأولى، يلعب كل فريق جولتين؛ أما المستويات والأنظمة الأخرى فتقتصر على جولة واحدة. ويلقي قائدا الفريقين عملة معدنية في بداية المباراة لتحديد ترتيب الضرب؛ وغالبًا ما يختار الفائز أن يبدأ بالضرب، لكن في بعض الظروف، وبالنظر إلى توقعات الطقس، يكون من الأفضل أن يبدأ بالرمي. [[File:GandM Purist-Grace match cricket balls.jpg | thumb | 300px | كرات الكريكيت صغيرة وصلبة، وصلبة جدًا بالفعل]] يُعد مركز لاعب الرمي الأكثر إرهاقًا في الملعب، ولذلك يحتاج كل فريق إلى التناوب بين عدة لاعبين للرمي، مع الأخذ في الحسبان أنهم سيضطرون بدورهم إلى الضرب، وقد لا يكونون بارعين فيه كثيرًا. وسلاحهم الأساسي هو السرعة. يستطيع لاعب الرمي السريع المصنف ضمن الأفضل إرسال الكرة بسرعة تتجاوز 90 ميلًا في الساعة (150 كم/ساعة)، ما يترك للاعب الضرب 0.1 ثانية لتقدير مسارها واختيار الضربة المناسبة، و0.3 ثانية فقط لتحريك أطرافه ومضربه إلى الوضع الصحيح. وفوق ذلك، ترتد الكرة مرة واحدة أثناء سيرها، ولذلك فإن أي دوران فيها يجعل مسارها ينحرف، ولا سيما إذا ارتدت عن منطقة خشنة. أما لاعبو الرمي الدوراني فلا يتميزون بسرعة كبيرة، لكن لديهم قدرة مدهشة على جعل الكرة تتصرف على نحو غير متوقع. ويتم توزيع لاعبي الميدان وفقًا لذلك. ولكل موقع في الملعب اسم غريب، فمثلًا يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية» قريبًا من لاعب الرمي، بينما يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير» قريبًا جدًا من لاعب الضرب إلى درجة تجعل الوقوف فيه ضربًا من الجنون. تذكّر أن الكرة صلبة جدًا! إذا انتهت أيام المباراة أو وقتها أو سمح الطقس بإنهائها، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا» حتى لو كان أحد الفريقين متأخرًا حتمًا في عدد الأشواط. وهذه نتيجة شائعة، وقد سُجل أفضل مجموع فردي على الإطلاق، وهو 501 شوط دون إقصاء، باسم برايان لارا لصالح وارويكشاير أمام دورهام في عام 1994، في مباراة انتهت بالتعادل. ويفوز الفريق بتسجيل عدد أشواط أكبر، الأمر بهذه البساطة، لكن طريقة التعبير عن النتيجة تحتاج إلى توضيح. فإذا كان الفريق في منتصف جولته وقد سجل 155 شوطًا وخسر سبعة لاعبين، يقال إن نتيجته «155 مقابل 7». وإذا أضاف اللاعبون المتأخرون 30 شوطًا أخرى، تنتهي الجولة بنتيجة «185 مع خروج الجميع». ويأتي دور الفريق الآخر للضرب، ولنفترض أنه أنهى جولته عند 160 شوطًا مع خروج الجميع؛ عندها يكون الفريق الأول قد فاز بفارق 25 شوطًا. أما إذا تجاوز الفريق الثاني هدف 185 شوطًا، فيكفيه تسجيل شوط واحد إضافي، ولا يواصل الضرب بعد ذلك. ويقال إنه فاز، مثلًا، «بثلاثة ويكيتات»، إذا بقي أربعة لاعبين لم يُقصوا أو لم يحن دورهم بعد، مع مراعاة أن الإقصاء العاشر أو الويكيت العاشر ينهي الجولة. وقد يفوز فريق «بجولة كاملة» إذا سجل في جولة واحدة أشواطًا أكثر مما يستطيع الفريق الآخر جمعه في جولتين، وهي هزيمة مذلة. وإذا تساوى عدد الأشواط عند اكتمال المباراة، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا متكافئًا» (Tie)، لا «تعادلًا» (Draw)، ويحدث ذلك في نحو مباراة واحدة من كل ألف مباراة. تُعد «مباريات الاختبار» قمة اللعبة، وهي مباريات دولية كاملة المدة بين أفضل البلدان. وتُحدد مدتها بخمسة أيام، لكنها تنتهي غالبًا في أربعة؛ إذ يُترك اليوم الأخير احتياطيًا تحسبًا لسوء الأحوال الجوية. وإذا انتهت المباراة في ثلاثة أيام، فهذا يعني أن أحد الفريقين تعرض لهزيمة ساحقة. أما المباريات الدولية مع البلدان الأخرى أو وفق الأنظمة الأقصر، فلا تُحتسب مباريات اختبار، ولذلك تجذب نقاطًا أقل في التصنيف. ومن الأنظمة القصيرة الشائعة مباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية (ODI)، حيث تُحدد المباراة بخمسين أوفرًا لكل فريق وتستغرق نحو تسع ساعات. أما مباريات «الدرجة الأولى» فهي أبرز المباريات المحلية كاملة المدة، مثل المباريات بين مقاطعات إنجلترا؛ وتستمر أربعة أيام، وغالبًا ما تنتهي في ثلاثة. وأكثر الأنظمة القصيرة شيوعًا هو «عشرون 20» (T20)، حيث يُسمح لكل فريق بعشرين أوفرًا، وقد تُضاف إليها فترات «اللعب القوي» التي تفرض قيودًا على مواقع لاعبي الميدان لتشجيع الضرب الجريء. == حضور المباراة == [[File:England v New Zealand second day of the third test, Headingley (24th June 2022) 019.jpg | thumb | 300px | إطعام الأفعى في مباراة اختبار في هيدينغلي]] قد تنفد تذاكر مباريات الاختبار، لكن من غير المرجح أن تواجه صعوبة في الحصول على تذاكر المباريات الأخرى. وفي مباريات منتصف الأسبوع في المستويات الأدنى، قد تؤدي زيارتك إلى رفع عدد الحضور إلى خانتين فقط. وتكمن المشكلة الكبرى في تخمين موعد وصول مباراة من الدرجة الأولى إلى ذروتها؛ وهو أمر يثير استياء القنوات التلفزيونية والجهات الراعية بشدة. فقد يكون اليوم الخامس من مباراة اختبار حدثًا بلا أهمية لأن اللعب انتهى في اليوم الرابع، أو قد يكون يومًا حافلًا بالإثارة والتشويق، أو مجرد استكمال متوقع لهزيمة محسومة، أو يومًا من الأمطار الغزيرة المتواصلة، أو صراعًا مرهقًا ينتهي بالتعادل. يتدرب اللاعبون لتحسين لياقتهم البدنية ولتحديد التشكيلة قبل المباراة بيومين، في منطقة تُسمى «الشباك». كما يتدرب اللاعبون على الضرب والرمي داخل الشباك قبل المباراة للتعرف إلى طبيعة سطح الملعب. وتساعد الشباك اللاعبين الشباب على تحسين مهاراتهم، من خلال اختبار ما إذا كانوا جيدين بما يكفي للانضمام إلى التشكيلة أم لا. ويتدرب فيها أيضًا اللاعبون الاحتياطيون. يمتزج مشجعو الفريقين المتنافسين بود داخل الملعب وخارجه، ويصفقون للعب الجيد حتى من جانب الخصوم. ارتدِ ملابس مريحة، وتذكر أن قضاء يوم طويل في الخارج يعني احتمال تغير الطقس. استخدم وسائل الحماية من الشمس حتى في الأيام الغائمة؛ إذ تنفذ كمية كبيرة من الأشعة فوق البنفسجية عبر السحب، وارتدِ معطفًا واقيًا من المطر أو احمل مظلة إذا هطل المطر. يرتدي لاعبو فريقي الكريكيت اللون الأبيض، ولا تُستخدم ألوان الفرق إلا في الأنظمة القصيرة، لذلك نادرًا ما يرتدي المشجعون ألوان فرقهم. ويتنكر عدد ملحوظ من المشجعين بملابس غريبة، لذلك قد ترى اثني عشر شابًا يرتدون جميعًا زي سبايدرمان أو التماسيح أو أي شيء آخر. وأكثر الجماعات تميزًا هي أعضاء نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC) في ملعب لوردز، بسترهم الفاقعة ذات اللونين اللذين يشبهان البيض المقدد، وبشرتهم ذات الألوان المشابهة. إذا التقطت كرة ضُربت إلى المدرجات، فستكسب التقدير، لكن عليك إعادتها إلى اللاعبين بسرعة. ليس الأمر أنهم يبخلون بالكرات، لكن تغيير الكرة يبدل ديناميكيات المباراة وله طقوسه الخاصة. كما أنك لن تُقصي لاعب الضرب، لذا فمن الأفضل لك، بصراحة، أن تتفاداها. تذكّر أنها صلبة جدًا! «إطعام الأفعى»: تقدم ملاعب الكريكيت البيرة في أكواب بلاستيكية يمكن التخلص منها، سعة كل منها نصف لتر. ويُستهلك منها الكثير، ومن آداب التعامل مع الأكواب الفارغة أن تصفها بعناية إلى جانب أكواب جيرانك، ثم أكواب جيرانهم، وهكذا. ومع اقتراب نهاية اللعب، تكتسب «أفعى البيرة» المكونة من الأكواب الفارغة حياة خاصة بها، فتلتوي وتتمدد عبر المدرجات. إنها حقًا السلالة النبيلة لأفعى الناغا الهندوسية، وأفعى قوس قزح في معتقدات السكان الأصليين الأستراليين، وآلهة مشاهدة الكريكيت الأفعوانية في أرجاء الكون. == البلدان الرئيسية التي تمارس اللعبة == [[File:MCC member.jpg | thumb | 300px | لا يزال لنادي ماريليبون للكريكيت نفوذ كبير]] نشأت الكريكيت في العصور الوسطى في جنوب شرق إنجلترا، حيث كانت الأغنام تقص العشب برعيه حتى يصبح قصيرًا. وكانت الكرة تُرمى باتجاه بوابة حظيرة الأغنام، ويدافع عنها الراعي باستخدام عصا معقوفة. وكان كثير من الرعاة في كنت وساسكس وسري مهاجرين من فلاندرز، ولذلك كانوا يقولون إنهم ضربوا الكرة بعبارة ''met de krikke ketsen''. وهكذا، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/الغولف|الغولف]]، تكون هذه لعبة أخرى أفلتت من أيدي الهولنديين، ثم نمت في إنجلترا (لا في بريطانيا كلها)، ونُظمت وانتشرت إلى أنحاء العالم. ومن الواضح أن انتشارها كان إلى البلدان ذات الروابط الاستعمارية القوية؛ حيث كان المستوطنون يجمعون الفرق ويتحدون ثكنات الجيش المحلية في مباراة، ويطلبون من فتى الإسطبل الوقوف في موقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير». ولذلك أصبحت هذه البلدان اليوم أبرز الدول في لعبة الكريكيت. كان نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC)، الذي تأسس عام 1787 ويتخذ من ملعب لوردز في لندن مقرًا له، أول هيئة دولية حاكمة للعبة، ولا يزال يتمتع بنفوذ كبير. لكن القيادة انتقلت منذ عام 1909 إلى المجلس الدولي للكريكيت (ICC)، الذي يقع مقره في دبي منذ عام 2005. وينظم المجلس البطولات الكبرى، ويعين كبار الحكام، ويعزز قواعد السلوك؛ ومن أبرز اهتماماته مكافحة الفساد. ويضم اثنتي عشرة دولة عضوًا كاملة، ولا تُحتسب مباريات الاختبار إلا بين هذه الدول. وتُعد بطولة كأس العالم للكريكيت أبرز بطولة دولية، لكنها تُقام بنظام اليوم الواحد. وتُجرى كل أربع سنوات؛ إذ استضافتها الهند عام 2023، وستستضيفها جنوب أفريقيا وزيمبابوي وناميبيا معًا عام 2027. ومن اللافت أن اللعبة كاملة المدة لا تُمارس ضمن بطولة كبرى، وأن معظم المباريات الدولية تُرتب بصورة ثنائية وارتجالية. ولا يوجد نظام «دوري»؛ لكن البلدان الرائدة تلعب مع جميع البلدان الأخرى على مدى دورة مدتها عامان لجمع نقاط التصنيف. الدول الأعضاء الإحدى عشرة كاملة العضوية هي أفغانستان، وأستراليا، وبنغلاديش، وإنجلترا وويلز، والهند، وأيرلندا، ونيوزيلندا، وباكستان، وجنوب أفريقيا، وسريلانكا، وجزر الهند الغربية. وهناك 96 دولة أخرى أعضاء منتسبة. === [[Wy/ar/أفغانستان|أفغانستان]] === لعبت القوات البريطانية الكريكيت للمرة الأولى في أفغانستان عام 1839، لكن مجلس الكريكيت الأفغاني لم يُشكّل إلا عام 1995. عانت البلاد قرونًا من الحروب والصراعات الداخلية، ولذلك لم تحقق الكريكيت فيها تقدمًا يُذكر، شأنها شأن أمور أخرى مثل الصحة والتعليم والإسكان. وما أبقى اللعبة حية هو وجود لاعبين أفغان في الدوريات المحلية في الهند وباكستان، وقد حصلت أفغانستان على صفة عضو اختباري عام 2017. === [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] === الكريكيت هي الرياضة الصيفية الأكثر شعبية، وتُمارس من سبتمبر إلى أبريل، عندما تكون كرة القدم الأسترالية وفق قواعدها الخاصة ودوري الرجبي في فترة توقف موسمهما؛ وغالبًا ما تُستخدم الملاعب نفسها لهذه الرياضات. سُجلت أول مباراة معروفة في سيدني عام 1803، وخاض المنتخب الأسترالي أول مباراة له عام 1877. وسرعان ما تطور مستواه، وجاء أحد انتصاراته الشهيرة في ملعب ذا أوفال في لندن عام 1882، وكان أول فوز له في مباراة اختبار بإنجلترا. ونشرت صحيفة «ذا سبورتينغ تايمز» نعيًا ساخرًا للكريكيت الإنجليزية، جاء فيه: «سيُحرق الجثمان ويُنقل الرماد إلى أستراليا». وقبل مباراة العودة في أستراليا، تعهد قائد المنتخب الإنجليزي «باستعادة الرماد»، وعندما حقق الفوز أُهدي جرة صغيرة تحتوي على رماد إحدى قطع الويكيت الخشبية. وأصبح «الرماد» اليوم اسم سلسلة مباريات الاختبار بين المنتخبين، ويحمل الفائز نسخة احتفالية من الجرة؛ أما الأصلية فهي هشة وتُعرض بصورة دائمة في ملعب لوردز. وإذا انتهت السلسلة بالتعادل، يحتفظ بالكأس الفريق الذي فاز بها في آخر مرة. ومنذ عام 1993، يتواجه نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت ونادي ملبورن للكريكيت دائمًا في مباراة بنظام اليوم الواحد، في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في لوردز عندما تستضيف إنجلترا السلسلة، أو في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت عندما تستضيف أستراليا السلسلة. [[File:Ashes Urn.jpg | thumb | 300px | جرة «الرماد»]] في عام 1977، هزت الكريكيت عالميًا، ولا سيما في أستراليا، عندما أطلق قطب الإعلام كيري باكر (1937–2005) بطولة عالمية منفصلة عن الهيئات الرسمية. وقال إن سلطات الكريكيت لم تكن تستغل إمكانات اللعبة التجارية، وإن كبار اللاعبين كانوا يتقاضون جزءًا ضئيلًا مما يمكنهم كسبه. وبعد عامين، جرى التوصل إلى تسوية (أم كانت تنازلًا؟) وانتهى المشروع المنافس، لكن كثيرًا من سمات اللعبة الحديثة هي إرث الصدمة الإيجابية التي أحدثها باكر. فالمباريات المسائية تحت الأضواء الكاشفة تتيح للموظفين والعاملين حضورها بعد العمل؛ فلماذا لم يفكر أحد في ذلك من قبل؟ واليوم، تُعد «كريكيت أستراليا» الهيئة الحاكمة للعبة، وتُعرف مباريات الدرجة الأولى باسم «كريكيت الدرجات». ومنذ فوز أستراليا بأول لقب لها في كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد عام 1987، ظلت منافسًا قويًا في أنظمة الكريكيت القصيرة. وتتواجه الولايات الست على درع شيفيلد في مباريات من أربعة أيام، وعلى كأس مارش في مباريات اليوم الواحد. وتتنافس ثماني مدن في دوري «بيغ باش» الذي تُقام مبارياته بعشرين أوفرًا. وفازت أستراليا ببطولة العالم للاختبار في دورة 2021–2023. '''مباريات الاختبار''' تُقام عادة في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/ملبورن|ملبورن]]، وملعب سيدني للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]]، وملعب ذا غابا في [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]، وملعب بيرث في [[Wy/ar/بيرث|بيرث]]، وأديلايد أوفال في [[Wy/ar/أديلايد|أديلايد]]. أستراليا هي أنجح دولة في تاريخ كأس العالم للكريكيت، إذ فازت بالكأس ست مرات، وهو رقم قياسي. * '''ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت''' (MCG)، المعروف أيضًا باسم «ذا جي»، يقع في حديقة يارا ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/ملبورن/الشرق الداخلي|ريتشموند]] في ملبورن، ويُعد، على الأرجح، ثاني أهم ملعب للكريكيت في العالم بعد ملعب لوردز في لندن. وهو ملعب متعدد الاستخدامات، وتزيد سعته قليلًا على 100,000 متفرج، ما جعله أكبر ملعب في العالم حتى تجاوزته منشأة أحمد آباد عام 2021. ويستضيف فريق ولاية فيكتوريا وفريق ملبورن ستارز في دوري بيغ باش؛ كما يستضيف مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية في الشتاء. وتُقام فيه مباراة اختبار يوم الصناديق، وهي مباراة بين أستراليا وفريق زائر، سنويًا من 26 إلى 30 ديسمبر. ويضم الملعب أيضًا المتحف الأسترالي للرياضة، الذي يحتوي على '''قاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الأسترالية'''، إلى جانب قسم مخصص لتاريخ نادي ملبورن للكريكيت، مالك الملعب. : '''دوكلاندز''' أو ملعب مارفل هو منشأة أخرى متعددة الاستخدامات، ويستضيف فريق ملبورن رينيغيدز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''ملعب سيدني للكريكيت''' يقع في مور بارك ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/سيدني/شرق المدينة|شرق المدينة]]، خارج مركز سيدني مباشرة. ويستضيف المنتخب الوطني وفريق ولاية نيو ساوث ويلز وفريق سيدني سيكسرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''سيدني شوغراوند''' أو غاينتس أرينا، الواقع في الحديقة الأولمبية، يستضيف فريق سيدني ثاندر في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''متحف برادمان وقاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الدولية''' يقعان في [[Wy/ar/باورال|باورال]] ضمن المرتفعات الجنوبية في نيو ساوث ويلز. * '''أديلايد أوفال'''، الذي يتسع لـ53,500 متفرج، يقع في الحدائق العامة شمال [[Wy/ar/أديلايد/المدينة وأديلايد الشمالية|مركز المدينة]] مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية جنوب أستراليا وفريق أديلايد سترايكرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ذا غابا''' هو الاسم الشائع لملعب بريزبن للكريكيت، ويقع في منطقة وولونغابا جنوب النهر من وسط [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]. ويتسع لـ36,000 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية كوينزلاند وفريق بريزبن بولز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ملعب بيرث'''، الذي يتسع لـ60,000 متفرج، يقع في شبه جزيرة [[Wy/ar/بيرث/الضواحي|بورسوود]] جنوب النهر من وسط بيرث مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية أستراليا الغربية وفريق بيرث سكورشرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''ملعب واكا للكريكيت''' في وسط المدينة، وهو الملعب السابق لمباريات الاختبار في بيرث قبل اكتمال ملعب بيرث، أُغلق لإعادة التطوير حتى عام 2024. وبعد ذلك استضاف مباريات الكريكيت وكرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''بيليريف أوفال''' أو بلوندستون أرينا يقع في منطقة بيليريف بمدينة [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]]، على الضفة الشرقية لنهر ديروينت. ويتسع لـ19,500 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية تسمانيا وفريق هوبارت هوريكينز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''مانوكا أوفال''' يقع في [[Wy/ar/كانبيرا/جنوب كانبيرا|غريفيث]] جنوب وسط كانبيرا، في إقليم العاصمة الأسترالية. ويستضيف مباريات بين الحين والآخر، بما فيها مباريات دولية، لكنه لا يضم فريقًا مقيمًا. === [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] === خاضت بنغلاديش أول مباراة دولية لها عام 1979، بعد ثماني سنوات من الاستقلال، وأول مباراة اختبار عام 2000. الملعب الوطني هو ملعب شير-إي-بنغلا (ويعني «نمر البنغال») في [[Wy/ar/دكا/الشمال|ميربور]]، وهي منطقة تقع شرق العاصمة دكا. ويتسع الملعب لـ25,000 متفرج، كما يستضيف فريق دكا دوميناتورز الذي يشارك في الدوري البنغلاديشي الممتاز، وهو بطولة بنظام عشرين 20. يمتد موسم الأمطار من يونيو إلى أكتوبر، لكن اللعب يظل ممكنًا في كثير من الأحيان. === إنجلترا وويلز === :: ''الإنجليز ليسوا شعبًا شديد التدين، ولذلك اخترعوا الكريكيت ليمنحهم فكرة عن الأبدية.'' – جورج برنارد شو تملك إنجلترا وويلز هيئة مشتركة للكريكيت ومنتخبًا وطنيًا واحدًا، بينما تملك اسكتلندا منتخبها الخاص، وتُعد أيرلندا الشمالية جزءًا من الهيئة والمنتخب المشتركين لجميع أيرلندا. يمتد موسم اللعب من أبريل إلى سبتمبر. ومورست الكريكيت في إنجلترا منذ عام 1550 على الأقل؛ وكان من المقرر تنظيم أول مباريات دولية في جولة إلى فرنسا عام 1789، لكنها أُلغيت بسبب الثورة الفرنسية. أما أول جولة خارجية لمنتخب إنجلترا فكانت إلى الولايات المتحدة وكندا عام 1859. '''مباريات الاختبار''' – أي المباريات الدولية – تُقام في أنحاء البلاد، وعادةً في ملعب لوردز في [[Wy/ar/لندن/بادينغتون ومايدا فيل|لندن]]، وملعب ذا أوفال في [[Wy/ar/لندن/لامبيث|لندن]]، وملعب روز بول في [[Wy/ar/ساوثهامبتون|ساوثهامبتون]]، وملعب إدجباستون في [[Wy/ar/برمنغهام (إنجلترا)|برمنغهام]]، وملعب هيدينغلي في [[Wy/ar/ليدز/شمال غرب ليدز|ليدز]]، وملعب أولد ترافورد في [[Wy/ar/مانشستر/الأرصفة|مانشستر]]، وملعب ترينت بريدج في [[Wy/ar/نوتنغهام|نوتنغهام]]. وخارج الموسم، يلعب المنتخب الإنجليزي مبارياته في الخارج، وتتبعه جماهيره الصاخبة المعروفة باسم «الجيش المجنون». [[File:England's Stuart Broad, Joe Root and Jimmy Anderson discuss tactics.jpg | thumb | 300px | ستيوارت برود وجو روت وجيمي أندرسون يناقشون تكتيكات المنتخب الإنجليزي]] '''بطولة المقاطعات''' هي البطولة المحلية الأبرز، وتُقام مبارياتها على مدى أربعة أيام (وغالبًا ما تنتهي في ثلاثة أيام، مع تخصيص اليوم المتبقي لاحتمال هطول الأمطار). تضم البطولة 18 فريقًا من فرق «الدرجة الأولى»، عشرة منها في القسم الأول وثمانية في القسم الثاني. وتكون ملاعبها المعتادة هي نفسها التي تستضيف مباريات الاختبار أحيانًا، لكن الفرق تلعب في بعض الأحيان في ملاعب أخرى داخل مقاطعاتها. ويوجد نظام للصعود والهبوط بين القسمين، لكن الفرق الثمانية عشر تشكل فيما عدا ذلك بطولة مغلقة، وهي: سري (ملعب ذا أوفال في [[Wy/ar/لندن/لامبيث|لامبيث]]، لندن)، وسومرست (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/تونتون (إنجلترا)|تونتون]])، وإسكس (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/تشيلمسفورد (إنجلترا)|تشيلمسفورد]])، ويوركشاير (ملعب هيدينغلي في [[Wy/ar/ليدز/شمال غرب ليدز|شمال غرب ليدز]])، وهامبشاير (ملعب إيجيس أو روز بول في [[Wy/ar/ساوثهامبتون|ساوثهامبتون]])، ونوتنغهامشير (ملعب ترينت بريدج في [[Wy/ar/نوتنغهام|نوتنغهام]])، ووارويكشير (ملعب إدجباستون في [[Wy/ar/برمنغهام (إنجلترا)|برمنغهام]])، وكينت (ملعب سانت لورانس في [[Wy/ar/كانتربري (إنجلترا)|كانتربري]])، ولانكشير (ملعب أولد ترافورد في [[Wy/ar/مانشستر/الأرصفة|أرصفة مانشستر]])، وورسيسترشير (ملعب نيو رود في [[Wy/ar/وورسيستر (إنجلترا)|وورسيستر]])، وساسكس (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/برايتون (إنجلترا)|برايتون]])، وميدلسكس (ملعب لوردز في منطقة [[Wy/ar/لندن/بادينغتون ومايدا فيل|بادينغتون ومايدا فيل]] في لندن)، وغلوسترشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/بريستول|بريستول]])، وليسترشير (ملعب غريس رود في [[Wy/ar/ليستر|ليستر]])، وديربيشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/ديربي|ديربي]])، ودورهام (ملعب ريفرسايد في تشستر-لو-ستريت، شمال [[Wy/ar/دورهام (إنجلترا)|دورهام]])، ونورثهامبتونشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/نورثهامبتون|نورثهامبتون]])، وغلامورغان (حدائق صوفيا في [[Wy/ar/كارديف|كارديف]]). وهذه الملاعب مخصصة للكريكيت وحدها؛ فمثلًا يقع ملعب أولد ترافورد للكريكيت على بعد نصف ميل جنوب ملعب أولد ترافورد الخاص بنادي مانشستر يونايتد. وتتنافس 19 مقاطعة أخرى في مستوى أدنى ضمن بطولة المقاطعات الوطنية. وكانت تُسمى سابقًا «المقاطعات الصغرى»، لكن بعض هذه المقاطعات واسع جغرافيًا، ولذلك تغير الاسم. تتمتع كريكيت المقاطعات بتاريخ طويل وتقاليد عريقة، لكنها تفتقر إلى الترفيه والجمهور، وقد طال التنبؤ بزوالها. وابتُكرت أنظمة أقصر وأكثر حيوية، مستلهمة تجربة الدوري الهندي الممتاز، ولا يزال هذا التغيير قيد التجربة. وأيًا كان النظام الذي سيحل محل البطولة، فلا بد أن يكون شعبيًا وممتعًا ومربحًا، مع الحفاظ على المهارة وتوفير مسار لتطوير اللاعبين من الهواة إلى المحترفين ثم إلى المستوى الدولي. '''بطولة المئة''' هي منذ عام 2021 البديل الرئيسي؛ إذ تلعب الفرق عشرين مجموعة، تتكون كل منها من خمس كرات. وتُعد البطولة الرئيسية بنظام عشرين 20 في إنجلترا وويلز. تُنظم البطولة بين ثماني مدن، وتُقام مباريات الرجال والنساء تباعًا، وتتيح التذكرة الواحدة حضور المباراتين. والفرق الثمانية هي: برمنغهام فينيكس، ولندن سبيريت (في ملعب لوردز)، ومانشستر سوبر جاينتس (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم مانشستر أوريجينالز)، وصنرايزرز ليدز (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم نورثرن سوبر تشارجرز) (في ملعب هيدينغلي في ليدز)، ومي لندن (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم أوفال إنفينسبلز) (في ملعب ذا أوفال)، وساوثرن بريف (في ساوثهامبتون)، وترينت روكيتس (في نوتنغهام)، وويلش فاير (''تان كيمريغ'') في كارديف. '''كأس اليوم الواحد''' هي بطولة الخمسين أوفرًا، وتتنافس فيها فرق المقاطعات المشاركة في الدرجة الأولى. '''عشرون 20 (T20)''' هو النظام الآخر الذي يتكون من عشرين أوفرًا، وتُقام مبارياته أمام المنتخبات الدولية، وكذلك بين فرق المقاطعات الثمانية عشر في بطولة «تي 20 بلاست». تلعب النساء الكريكيت في جميع المستويات في إنجلترا وويلز، لكن أجورهن تبلغ عادة نحو 20% مما يحصل عليه الرجال. ومنذ أغسطس 2023، أصبحت أجور المباريات الدولية متساوية، وهو ما يضع معيارًا لبقية المدفوعات. وتشارك النساء في جميع البطولات نفسها التي يشارك فيها الرجال. يقع متحف نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت داخل ملعب لوردز في لندن. ويضم جرة الرماد الأصلية وغيرها من التذكارات. === [[Wy/ar/الهند|الهند]] === [[File:Sachin Tendulkar 2013 stamp of India.jpg | thumb | 300px | ساشين تيندولكار على طابع بريد هندي]] وصلت الكريكيت إلى الهند مع البريطانيين في أوائل القرن الثامن عشر، وأُقيمت مباريات الدرجة الأولى منذ عام 1864. ولم تصدّر بريطانيا لعبة الكريكيت فحسب، بل أرسلت أعدادًا كبيرة من الهنود للعمل كتبةً ومهندسين في مستعمراتها العديدة، ولذلك كانوا جزءًا من أسباب نجاح الكريكيت في دول أخرى، بما فيها إنجلترا. واليوم، تُعد الكريكيت الرياضة الأكثر شعبية وربحية في الهند، كما يسمح المناخ بممارستها طوال العام. ويتولى مجلس مراقبة الكريكيت في الهند (BCCI) إدارة اللعبة. وأبرز بطولات الكريكيت المحلية من الدرجة الأولى هي '''[https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/226/ranji-trophy كأس رانجي'''، التي تتنافس فيها الولايات الثماني والعشرون وغيرها، و'''[https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/289/duleep-trophy كأس دوليب]'''، التي تتنافس فيها ست مناطق جغرافية. أما '''[https://www.iplt20.com/ الدوري الهندي الممتاز]''' (IPL)، فهو بطولة بنظام عشرين 20 بين عشرة مدن، وتُقام في أبريل ومايو. ويُعد الدوري الهندي الممتاز أغنى بطولة محلية للكريكيت في العالم، وقد أحدث ثورة في عالم اللعبة بتحويلها إلى صناعة تبلغ قيمتها مليارات الدولارات. ويحظى بشعبية كبيرة بين جميع فئات المجتمع الهندي. وبين مارس ومايو، يكاد يكون من المستحيل ألا تجد الناس يتحدثون عن الدوري الهندي الممتاز. وتمتلئ الملاعب دائمًا عن آخرها عندما تُقام مبارياته. وتوجد أيضًا مسابقات أخرى بنظام عشرين 20 داخل الولايات. وفازت الهند بلقبين في كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد. واستضافت الهند كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد عام 1987 وفي أكتوبر 2023. * '''أحمد آباد:''' يقع ملعب ناريندرا مودي في منطقة [[Wy/ar/أحمد آباد/المنطقة الغربية|موتيرا]]. افتُتح عام 2021، وهو أكبر ملعب للكريكيت في العالم بفارق كبير، إذ تبلغ سعته 134,000 متفرج. ويستضيف فريق غوجارات، إلى جانب فريق غوجارات تايتنز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/بنغالورو|بنغالورو]]:''' يقع ملعب إم تشيناسوامي، الذي يتسع لـ40,000 متفرج، في منطقة كوبون بارك. ويستضيف فريق كارناتاكا، إلى جانب فريق رويال تشالنجرز بنغالورو (RCB) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. (تنويه: لا يستضيف هذا الملعب مباريات الفريق في الموسم الأخير بسبب حادث تدافع جماهيري.) * '''[[Wy/ar/شانديغار|شانديغار]]:''' اكتمل بناء ملعب مهراجا يادافيندرا سينغ عام 2021، ويقع في منطقة مولانبور شمال المدينة، ويتسع لـ40,000 متفرج. : كان ملعب آي إس بيندرا في [[Wy/ar/موهالي|موهالي]] القريبة الملعب الرئيسي لفريق بنجاب كينغز (PBKS) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز، لكنه يخطط للانتقال إلى الملعب الجديد. * '''تشيناي:''' يقع ملعب إم إيه تشيدامبارام، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/تشيناي/الوسط|تشيبَوك]] بجوار شاطئ مارينا (وليس قريبًا إطلاقًا من مدينة تشيدامبارام الواقعة إلى الجنوب). ويستضيف فريق تاميل نادو وفريق تشيناي سوبر كينغز (CSK) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''دلهي:''' يقع ملعب آرون جايتلي للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/دلهي/دلهي القديمة|دلهي القديمة]]. وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم ملعب فيروز شاه كوتلا، ويتسع لـ41,800 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق دلهي وفريق دلهي كابيتالز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/دارامشالا|دارامشالا]]:''' يشتهر ملعب جمعية الكريكيت في هيماشال براديش بموقعه الخلاب أمام خلفية جبال الهيمالايا. ويستضيف فريق هيماشال براديش، إلى جانب بعض المباريات الدولية. وهو ملعب ثانٍ لفريق بنجاب كينغز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/غواليور|غواليور]]:''' يجري إنشاء ملعب جديد يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج في قرية شانكابور غرب المدينة، وكان من المحتمل افتتاحه عام 2023. وفي الوقت الحالي، تُقام المباريات في ملعب كابتن روب سينغ. * '''[[Wy/ar/حيدر آباد|حيدر آباد]]:''' يقع ملعب راجيف غاندي، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/حيدر آباد/الشرق|أوبال]]. ويستضيف فريق حيدر آباد وفريق صنرايزرز حيدر آباد (SRH) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/جايبور|جايبور]]:''' يستضيف ملعب ساواي مان سينغ، الذي يتسع لـ30,000 متفرج، فريق راجستان وفريق راجستان رويالز (RR) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/كولكاتا|كولكاتا]]:''' تقع حدائق إيدن في منطقة [[Wy/ar/كولكاتا/بي بي دي باغ|بي بي دي باغ]] على الضفة الشرقية للنهر. وتتسع لـ68,000 متفرج، وهي الملعب الرئيسي لفريق البنغال وفريق كولكاتا نايت رايدرز (KKR) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. كما يُنظر إليها على نطاق واسع باعتبارها المقر الروحي للكريكيت الهندية، على غرار الدور الذي يؤديه ملعب لوردز في إنجلترا أو ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت في أستراليا. * '''[[Wy/ar/لكناو|لكناو]]:''' يستضيف ملعب إيكانا، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، فريق أوتار براديش وفريق لكناو سوبر جاينتس في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/مومباي|مومباي]]:''' يقع ملعب وانكيدي، الذي يتسع لـ32,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/مومباي/الجنوب|جنوب مومباي]]. وهو مقر مجلس مراقبة الكريكيت في الهند، الهيئة الوطنية الحاكمة للعبة، ومقر الدوري الهندي الممتاز، كما يستضيف فريق مومباي وفريق مومباي إنديانز (MI) في الدوري. * '''[[Wy/ar/ناغبور|ناغبور]]:''' يقع ملعب في سي إيه الجديد في منطقة جامثا. ويتسع لـ45,000 متفرج، ويستضيف نادي فيداربها للكريكيت، لكنه لا يضم فريقًا تابعًا لولاية أو فريقًا في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/بونه|بونه]]:''' جمعية ماهاراشترا للكريكيت (MCA). كان الملعب يستضيف سابقًا مباريات في الدوري الهندي الممتاز لفريقي بونه ووريورز وبونه سوبر جاينتس، لكنه لم يعد يفعل ذلك، بسبب انتقال امتياز سوبر جاينتس إلى لكناو، وعدم تمكن الدوري من العثور على مستثمر جديد. : يقع متحف «بليدز أوف غلوري» للكريكيت في مدينة بونه. ===[[Wy/ar/أيرلندا|أيرلندا]]=== [[File:Lismore - Malahide Castle - 20170928110756.jpg | thumb | 300px | تلعب أيرلندا الكريكيت في مالاهيد ]] كما هو الحال في اتحاد الرغبي، يمثّل فريق واحد جزيرة أيرلندا بأكملها. وصلت لعبة الكريكيت إلى هنا في أوائل القرن التاسع عشر، وخاض المنتخب الوطني مباراته الأولى عام 1855. وحصلت البلاد على صفة الاختبارات عام 2017. لا تُمارس اللعبة على نطاق واسع في جمهورية أيرلندا، وكان كثيرون لا يعرفون حتى أن للبلاد فريقًا، إلى أن انتبهوا إلى ذلك فجأة عام 2011 عندما هزمت أيرلندا إنجلترا. تخوض أيرلندا مبارياتها الدولية في [[Wy/ar/مالاهيد|مالاهيد]]، عند الطرف الشمالي من دبلن. === [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] === :: «استُخدم في المزرعة عدد من الشبان الذين خلّصهم المبشرون من العبودية. وفي المساء رأيت مجموعة منهم تلعب الكريكيت.» ::: - تشارلز داروين، روايته عن رحلة البيغل، 1835 يبدو أن أحد أوائل أفعال المستوطنين البريطانيين نحو عام 1800 كان العثور على رقعة مستوية من الأرض ولعب الكريكيت عليها. يعود أول سجل للعبة إلى عام 1832، وكانت أول مباراة لفريق نيوزيلندي (ضد نيو ساوث ويلز) عام 1894. وأُقيمت أول مباراة اختبارية عام 1930. الكريكيت ثاني أكثر الرياضات شعبية في البلاد بعد اتحاد الرغبي، وتُمارس خلال الصيف في نصف الكرة الجنوبي، من أكتوبر إلى مارس. البطولة المحلية الأبرز هي درع بلانكيت، وهي مباريات من أربعة أيام بين ستة فرق إقليمية. أما كأس فورد فتُقام بنظام اليوم الواحد، من 50 جولة، بين الفرق الستة نفسها، ويُعد درع هاليبورتون جونستون النسخة النسائية منها. وسوبر سماش بطولة كريكيت من 20 جولة للرجال والنساء. * أوكلاند: يُعد ملعب إيدن بارك في [[Wy/ar/أوكلاند/الوسطى#Do|وسط أوكلاند]] الملعب الوطني، ويستضيف الكريكيت (بسعة 42,000 متفرج) ومباريات اتحاد الرغبي ورغبي الدوري. تلعب فيه فرق أوكلاند (مباريات الأربعة أيام ومباريات 50 جولة)، وأوكلاند إيسز (كريكيت الرجال من 20 جولة)، وهارتس (مباريات النساء من 50 جولة و20 جولة). * ويلينغتون: يقع ملعب باسين ريزيرف في [[Wy/ar/ويلينغتون/المدينة#Do|وسط المدينة]]، ويتسع لـ11,600 متفرج، ويضم متحف كريكيت نيوزيلندا ويستضيف المباريات الاختبارية. ويلعب فريق ويلينغتون فايربيردز في جميع صيغ الرجال، بينما تلعب نساء ويلينغتون بليز في صيغتي 50 جولة و20 جولة. وتُقام المباريات الاختبارية أحيانًا في الملعب الإقليمي أيضًا. * [[Wy/ar/كرايستشيرش|كرايستشيرش]]: يلعب فريق كانتربري عادةً في ملعب هاغلي أوفال بوسط المدينة، الذي يتسع لـ9,000 متفرج، وأحيانًا في ملعب مينباور أوفال في [[Wy/ar/رانغيورا|رانغيورا]]، على بعد 25 كم شمالًا. ويُعرف فريق الرجال من 20 جولة باسم كانتربري نايتس، بينما يُعرف فريق النساء في صيغتي 50 جولة و20 جولة باسم كانتربري ماغيشنز. * [[Wy/ar/دنيدن|دنيدن]]: يلعب فريق أوتاغو عادةً في ملعب يونيفرسيتي أوفال، الذي يتسع لـ3,500 متفرج؛ ويُعرف فريق الرجال باسم فولتس والنساء باسم سباركس. ولديهم ملاعب أخرى في [[Wy/ar/إنفركارغيل|إنفركارغيل]] و[[Wy/ar/كوينزتاون (نيوزيلندا)|كوينزتاون]] و[[Wy/ar/ألكسندرا (نيوزيلندا)|ألكسندرا]]. * [[Wy/ar/هاميلتون (نيوزيلندا)|هاميلتون]]: يلعب فريق نورثرن ديستريكتس في ملعب سيدون بارك، الذي لا تتجاوز سعته 10,000 متفرج، ولذلك يتمتع بأجواء ملعب قروي أخضر. وتُعرف فرق الرجال والنساء في جميع الصيغ باسم نورثرن بريف. * [[Wy/ar/نابيير|نابيير]]: ملعب ماكلين بارك، بسعة 19,700 متفرج، هو الملعب الرئيسي لفريق سنترال ديستريكتس؛ ويُعرف فريق الرجال باسم ستاغز والنساء باسم هايندز. كما يلعب الفريقان في ملعب بوككورا بارك في [[Wy/ar/نيو بلايموث|نيو بلايموث]]، وملعب ساكستون أوفال في [[Wy/ar/نيلسون (نيوزيلندا)|نيلسون]]، وملعب فيتزherbert بارك في [[Wy/ar/بالمرستون نورث|بالمرستون نورث]]. ===[[Wy/ar/باكستان|باكستان]]=== وصلت الكريكيت مع البريطانيين قبل التقسيم وإنشاء الدولة، وأُقيمت أول مباراة اختبارية في كراتشي عام 1935. البطولة المحلية من الدرجة الأولى هي كأس قائد أعظم، وتتنافس فيها ثمانية فرق إقليمية. أما الدوري الباكستاني الممتاز فهو منافسة من 20 جولة بين ستة فرق تمثل مدنًا. واجهت الكريكيت في باكستان عراقيل بسبب التغييرات المتكررة في نظام المسابقات المحلية والإرهاب: فقد أدى الهجوم على فريق سريلانكا الزائر عام 2009 إلى امتناع الدول الأخرى عن الزيارة لمدة عقد، واضطرت باكستان إلى خوض المباريات الاختبارية في دبي وأبوظبي. ثم تحسن الوضع، واستضافت باكستان كأس آسيا عام 2023. وتُقام معظم المباريات الاختبارية في [[Wy/ar/كراتشي|كراتشي]] و[[Wy/ar/لاهور|لاهور]]. ===[[Wy/ar/جنوب أفريقيا|جنوب أفريقيا]]=== [[File:2007t20.jpg | thumb | 300px | مباراة ليلية في نيو لاندز، كيب تاون ]] أُدخلت الكريكيت إلى هنا نحو عام 1800، وظلت لفترة طويلة حكرًا على مجتمع جنوب أفريقيا الناطق بالإنجليزية، لكنها أصبحت منذ سقوط نظام الفصل العنصري رياضة يمارسها أبناء مختلف الخلفيات في البلاد ويحققون فيها نتائج متميزة. يمتد موسم اللعب من أكتوبر إلى مارس، والبطولة الرئيسية هي سلسلة سي إس إيه لأربعة أيام؛ وبعد تجربة نظام الامتيازات، عادت البطولة عام 2021 إلى منافسة تضم 15 مقاطعة موزعة على درجتين. ويتنافس العدد نفسه من الفرق في كأس سي إس إيه لليوم الواحد. ومنذ عام 2023، تُقام بطولة إس إيه 20، وهي بطولة من 20 جولة بين ستة امتيازات إقليمية. لم تحصد جنوب أفريقيا سوى لقبين كبيرين من ألقاب المجلس الدولي للكريكيت. وفي عام 2027 ستستضيف جنوب أفريقيا كأس العالم للكريكيت بالاشتراك مع ناميبيا وزيمبابوي. * [[Wy/ar/كيب تاون|كيب تاون]]: ملعب نيو لاندز، الذي تطل عليه جبال تيبل وديفلز بيك، هو مقر فريقي ويسترن بروفينس ومي كيب تاون. * [[Wy/ar/بريتوريا|بريتوريا]]: يلعب فريقا بريتوريا كابيتالز وتيتانز في ملعب سوبر سبورت بارك جنوب المدينة في [[Wy/ar/سنتوريون|سنتوريون]]. * [[Wy/ar/جوهانسبرغ|جوهانسبرغ]]: يستضيف ملعب واندررز في [[Wy/ar/جوهانسبرغ/ساندتون|إيلوفو]] قرب ساندتون المباريات الدولية والمحلية. وهو مقر فريقي ليونز وجوبورغ سوبر كينغز للكريكيت. * [[Wy/ar/بورت إليزابيث|بورت إليزابيث]]: أصبح اسم المدينة الرسمي الآن ''غكيبيرها'' (يُنطق تقريبًا: !-بير-غا، حيث تمثل ! نقرة باللسان)، لكن الجميع ما زالوا يسمونها «بي إي». يقع الملعب فيها في سانت جورج بارك، والفريق المقيم هو واريورز. * [[Wy/ar/ديربان|ديربان]]: يستضيف ملعب كينغزميد تقليديًا مباراة اختبارية في يوم الملاكمة، وهو مقر فريقي دولفينز وديربان سوبرجاينتس. * [[Wy/ar/بلومفونتين|بلومفونتين]]: ملعب مانغونغ أوفال هو مقر فريق نايتس، الذي يمثل مقاطعة فري ستيت. * أما المقاطعات الأخرى فتضم فريق ليونز في [[Wy/ar/خاوتينغ|خاوتينغ]]، ونورث ويست دراغونز، وبولاند في [[Wy/ar/بارل|بارل]]، وساوث ويسترن في أوتشورن، وكوازولو ناتال إنلاند في [[Wy/ar/بيترماريتسبورغ|بيترماريتسبورغ]]، ونورثرن كيب في [[Wy/ar/كيمبرلي (جنوب أفريقيا)|كيمبرلي]]، وليمبوبو في [[Wy/ar/بولوكواني|بولوكواني]]، ومبومالانغا في [[Wy/ar/مبومبيلا|وايت ريفر]]، وبوردر في [[Wy/ar/إيست لندن|إيست لندن]]. ===[[Wy/ar/سريلانكا|سريلانكا]]=== تُمارس الكريكيت هنا منذ نحو عام 1800، وعلى أساس منظم منذ عام 1832، وحصلت البلاد على صفة الاختبارات عام 1981. البطولة المحلية الرئيسية هي الدوري الممتاز، ويضم 26 فريقًا من الدرجة الأولى موزعين على مجموعتين. وتتنافس خمسة امتيازات تمثل المدن في دوري لانكا الممتاز من 20 جولة خلال يوليو وأغسطس. تشمل ملاعب الكريكيت الدولية نادي سينهاليز الرياضي في [[Wy/ar/كولومبو|كولومبو]]، وملعب أسغيريا في [[Wy/ar/كاندي|كاندي]]، وملعب رانغيري دامبولا في [[Wy/ar/دامبولا|دامبولا]]، وملعب ماهيندا راجاباكسا في [[Wy/ar/هامبانتوتا|هامبانتوتا]]، وأشهرها ملعب [[Wy/ar/غال|غال]] الدولي، حيث يطل حصن من القرن السادس عشر على أرض الملعب. وتشتهر سريلانكا أساسًا بهجومها المعتمد على الرميات الدورانية، الذي تطور في تسعينيات القرن العشرين. === [[Wy/ar/جزر الهند الغربية|جزر الهند الغربية]] === يخوض فريق موحد باسم [https://www.windiescricket.com/ جزر الهند الغربية] مباريات الاختبار، بينما تتنافس الجزر منفردة في مجموعة متنوعة من الصيغ؛ وغالبًا ما تخوض الفرق الاختبارية الزائرة مباريات إحماء ضدها. والهيئة الحاكمة هي كريكيت جزر الهند الغربية، وتمثل [[Wy/ar/أنغويلا|أنغويلا]] و[[Wy/ar/أنتيغوا وباربودا|أنتيغوا وباربودا]] و[[Wy/ar/باربادوس|باربادوس]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر العذراء البريطانية|جزر العذراء البريطانية]] و[[Wy/ar/دومينيكا|دومينيكا]] و[[Wy/ar/غرينادا|غرينادا]] و[[Wy/ar/غيانا|غيانا]] و[[Wy/ar/جامايكا|جامايكا]] و[[Wy/ar/مونتسرات|مونتسرات]] و[[Wy/ar/سانت لوسيا|سانت لوسيا]] و[[Wy/ar/سانت فنسنت والغرينادين|سانت فنسنت والغرينادين]] و[[Wy/ar/سانت كيتس ونيفيس|سانت كيتس ونيفيس]] و[[Wy/ar/سينت مارتن|سينت مارتن]] و[[Wy/ar/ترينيداد وتوباغو|ترينيداد وتوباغو]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر العذراء الأمريكية|جزر العذراء الأمريكية]]. بطولة جزر الهند الغربية هي منافسة من أربعة أيام للدرجة الأولى، تُقام في فبراير ومارس بين باربادوس وغيانا وجامايكا وترينيداد وتوباغو وجزر ويندوارد (التي تجمع دومينيكا وغرينادا وسانت لوسيا وسانت فنسنت) وجزر ليوارد (التي تضم تقريبًا جميع الجزر الأخرى). وتتنافس ستة امتيازات تمثل الجزر في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة من 20 جولة خلال أغسطس وسبتمبر؛ إذ تستضيف كل جزيرة خمس مباريات بالتناوب، ثم تنتقل البطولة إلى الجزيرة التالية، وتنتهي أخيرًا بمباريات خروج المغلوب. [[File:Sobers statue kensington.jpg | thumb | 300px | غاري سوبرز يضرب الكرة بقوة في كينسينغتون أوفال ]] كانت أيام مجد كريكيت جزر الهند الغربية في ستينيات وسبعينيات القرن العشرين، بقيادة أسماء مثل فرانك ووريل وغاري سوبرز وكلايف لويد. وقد واجهت اللعبة صعوبات منذ ذلك الحين لعدة أسباب: فالمنطقة الزمنية بعيدة عن المناطق الزمنية للدول الأخرى التي تمارس الكريكيت، مما يجعل تسويق حقوق البث التلفزيوني مشكلة. كما أن أي رياضي شاب واعد ينجذب إلى ألعاب أمريكا الشمالية مثل البيسبول وكرة السلة وكرة القدم الأمريكية، حيث تتاح منح رياضية للدراسة في الكليات الأمريكية. أما إذا لعب جيدًا في فريق الكريكيت المدرسي، فمكافأته المشكوك فيها هي أن يُختار لفريق الجزيرة، ليواجه ثورًا هائجًا من الرماة الدوليين السريعين وهو يندفع نحوه نافثًا أنفاسه. * [[Wy/ar/أنتيغوا|أنتيغوا]]: يلعب فريق أنتيغوا وفريق أنتيغوا فالكونز في ملعب السير فيفيان ريتشاردز في سانت بيترز. * [[Wy/ar/باربادوس|باربادوس]]: يلعب الفريق في ملعب كينسينغتون أوفال في [[Wy/ar/بريدجتاون|بريدجتاون]]، كما يلعب فريق باربادوس رويالز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة هناك. * [[Wy/ar/غيانا|غيانا]]: يلعب المنتخب الوطني وفريق غيانا أمازون ووريورز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب بروفيدنس في [[Wy/ar/جورج تاون (غيانا)|جورج تاون]]. * [[Wy/ar/غرينادا|غرينادا]]: هي القاعدة الرئيسية لفريق جزر ويندوارد، في الملعب الوطني للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/سانت جورجز|سانت جورجز]]. * [[Wy/ar/جامايكا|جامايكا]]: يلعب فريق الجزيرة وفريق جامايكا تالاوّاهز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب سابينا بارك في [[Wy/ar/كينغستون (جامايكا)|كينغستون]]. * [[Wy/ar/سانت كيتس ونيفيس|سانت كيتس]]: تلعب ضمن فريق جزر ليوارد، بينما ينافس فريق سانت كيتس ونيفيس باتريوتس في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب وارنر بارك في [[Wy/ar/باستير|باستير]]. * [[Wy/ar/سانت لوسيا|سانت لوسيا]]: تلعب ضمن فريق جزر ويندوارد، بينما ينافس فريق سانت لوسيا كينغز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب دارين سامي للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/غروس إيليت|غروس إيليت]] عند الطرف الشمالي من الجزيرة. * [[Wy/ar/سانت فنسنت والغرينادين|سانت فنسنت]]: تلعب ضمن فريق جزر ويندوارد في ملعب أرنوس فالي في [[Wy/ar/كينغستاون|كينغستاون]]. * [[Wy/ar/ترينيداد وتوباغو|ترينيداد وتوباغو]]: تلعب في ملعب كوينز بارك أوفال في [[Wy/ar/بورت أوف سبين|بورت أوف سبين]]، كما ينافس فريق ترينباغو نايت رايدرز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة. ===[[Wy/ar/زيمبابوي|زيمبابوي]]=== أُدخلت اللعبة في القرن التاسع عشر، ونُظمت منذ عام 1898، وشاركت البلاد (باسم روديسيا) في كأس كوري في جنوب أفريقيا. وانقطعت تلك الصلة عند الاستقلال عام 1980، وحصلت البلاد على صفة الاختبارات عام 1992. ومنذ عام 2003، تدخل الرئيس روبرت موغابي في الرياضة، واختار المنتخب الوطني على أسس عرقية وسياسية. وقد أثبت كفاءة في اختيار لاعبي الكريكيت بقدر كفاءته كرجل دولة، وتعرض فريقه لهزائم ساحقة بقدر ما تعرض له الاقتصاد. كانت زيمبابوي على وشك فقدان صفة الاختبارات؛ ورأت السلطات المسؤولة عن الكريكيت أن من المناسب التهرب من اتخاذ هذا القرار، لكن البلاد ظلت لعدة سنوات منبوذة. وقد تعافت تدريجيًا، لكنها ما زالت تقريبًا أضعف فريق يشارك في المباريات الاختبارية. البطولة المحلية الأبرز هي كأس لوغان، التي سُمّيت باسم رجل الأعمال الذي جمع ثروته من خدمات المطاعم في السكك الحديدية بهذه المنطقة. تُقام المباريات الدولية عادةً في نادي هراري الرياضي في العاصمة [[Wy/ar/هراري|هراري]]، وأحيانًا في نادي كوينز الرياضي في [[Wy/ar/بولاوايو|بولاوايو]]. ويُفضّل استضافة مباريات السلاسل الثلاثية في زيمبابوي، كما تخوض الفرق غالبًا مباريات إحماء ضدها. وفي عام 2023، استضافت زيمبابوي بطولة تأهيلية لكأس العالم، لكنها لم تنجح في التأهل بنفسها. == دول مباريات اليوم الواحد == [[File:Cable knit cricket pullover jersey at Epping Foresters Cricket Club.jpg | thumb | 300px | تُصنع السترات الجيدة في اسكتلندا ]] تشكل ثماني دول مستوى ثانيًا، وتلعب مباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية (من 50 جولة) ومباريات من 20 جولة ضد الأعضاء الكاملين وضد بعضها بعضًا، لكنها لا تلعب مباريات اختبارية. وهذه الدول هي كندا وناميبيا ونيبال وهولندا وعُمان واسكتلندا والإمارات العربية المتحدة والولايات المتحدة. * '''[[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]]''' واحدة من دول الكومنولث القليلة التي لم تنتشر فيها الرياضة قط، رغم أن الكريكيت لُعبت في مونتريال عام 1785، وأن أول مباراة دولية في العالم جمعت كندا والولايات المتحدة عام 1844؛ وما زالت هذه المباراة تُقام سنويًا. الملعب الرئيسي هو نادي الكريكيت والتزلج والكيرلنغ في منطقة [[Wy/ar/تورونتو/شمال يورك|شمال يورك]] في تورونتو، مع إقامة مباريات من حين لآخر في نادي مابل ليف للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/كينغ (أونتاريو)|كينغ]] إلى الشمال. * '''[[Wy/ar/ناميبيا|ناميبيا]]''' شاركت في بطولات جنوب أفريقيا باسم جنوب غرب أفريقيا حتى استقلالها عام 1990. توجد ثلاثة ملاعب في العاصمة ويندهوك وملعب واحد في خليج والفيس. وفي عام 2027 ستستضيف ناميبيا كأس العالم بالاشتراك مع جنوب أفريقيا وزيمبابوي. * '''[[Wy/ar/نيبال|نيبال]]''' تلعب الكريكيت من سبتمبر إلى نوفمبر، ومن مارس إلى مايو. وتُقام جميع المباريات الدولية في ملعب جامعة تريبهوفان في [[Wy/ar/كيرتيبور|كيرتيبور]] قرب كاتماندو. * '''[[Wy/ar/هولندا|هولندا]]'''، أو ربما المغتربون الفلمنكيون، هم من اخترعوا اللعبة في العصور الوسطى، ثم أعادتها القوات البريطانية إلى البلاد في أوائل القرن التاسع عشر. أصبحت اللعبة شعبية في سبعينيات القرن التاسع عشر، وخاض المنتخب الوطني مباراته الأولى عام 1881. الملعب المعتاد للمباريات الدولية هو ملعب في آر إيه للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/أمستلفين|أمستلفين]]، وهي منطقة جنوبية من أمستردام. وكانت هولندا قد تأهلت لكأس العالم 2023، لكنها أنهت البطولة في المركز الأخير. * '''[[Wy/ar/عُمان|عُمان]]''' لديها جاليات من المغتربين تشبه تلك الموجودة في الإمارات العربية المتحدة (أدناه)، لكنها تأخرت في تطوير المرافق؛ فقد وُصفت ملاعبها بأنها «مناطق خارجية عشبية معدومة، بنية بالكامل، وعلى شرائط خرسانية مغطاة بعشب صناعي». وقد عولج ذلك عام 2012 ببناء ملعب مخصص في العامرات، على بعد 20 كم داخل البلاد من [[Wy/ar/مسقط|مسقط]]، حيث تُقام الآن جميع المباريات الدولية. * '''[[Wy/ar/اسكتلندا|اسكتلندا]]''' شهدت اللعبة لأول مرة عام 1785، عندما لعب جنود إنجليز في ألووا. (ومن بين جميع التدابير الصارمة التي فُرضت لردع المزيد من تمردات اليعاقبة، كان هذا الإجراء الأكثر نجاحًا.) في ثمانينيات القرن العشرين، لعبت اسكتلندا في المسابقات المحلية الإنجليزية باعتبارها واحدة من «المقاطعات الصغرى»، لكنها غادرت ذلك للانضمام إلى المجلس الدولي للكريكيت عام 1994. تُقام المباريات الدولية عادةً في نادي غرانج للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/إدنبرة/ستوكبريدج وكانونميلز|ستوكبريدج، إدنبرة]]، وأحيانًا في ملعب مانوفيلد بارك في [[Wy/ar/أبردين|أبردين]]. أما إسهام البلاد العظيم الذي لا يُنسب إليه الفضل بما يكفي، فهو أنه إذا كانت لديك سترة كريكيت سميكة محاكة بكابلات، ويفضل أن تكون مرفقيها ملطخين بالعشب لتبدو أصلية، فمن المرجح أنها نُسجت في منطقة باردة من اسكتلندا. أما إذا كانت من الهند فهي رخيصة ورديئة. * '''[[Wy/ar/الإمارات العربية المتحدة|الإمارات العربية المتحدة]]''' تضم أعدادًا كبيرة من المغتربين من شبه القارة الهندية، ولذلك تحظى الكريكيت بشعبية. ومنذ عام 2005، يتخذ المجلس الدولي للكريكيت من دبي مقرًا له؛ وكان ذلك إلى حد كبير لتقليل الضرائب، لكنه جعله أقرب إلى مزيد من الدول التي تمارس الكريكيت، وأنهى هيمنة نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت في لوردز بلندن. الملاعب الرئيسية في الإمارات هي استاد زايد في [[Wy/ar/أبو ظبي|أبو ظبي]]، وملعب مدينة دبي الرياضية للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/دبي|دبي]]، وملعب الشارقة للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/الشارقة|الشارقة]]. * '''[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]''' مارست الكريكيت منذ أوائل القرن الثامن عشر، لكنها عُدّت لعبة المستعمرين وخسرت شعبيتها لصالح البيسبول. وتشهد اللعبة عودة في شعبيتها، ويعود ذلك جزئيًا إلى التدفق الكبير للمهاجرين من جنوب آسيا في القرن الحادي والعشرين. وشهد عام 2023 إطلاق بطولة دوري الكريكيت الرئيسي، التي تتنافس فيها فرق لوس أنجلوس نايت رايدرز ومي نيويورك وسان فرانسيسكو يونيكورنز وسياتل أوركاس وتكساس سوبر كينغز وواشنطن فريدوم. أما التفصيل الصغير المتعلق بملاعب هذه الفرق فلم يُحسم، ولذلك أُقيمت جميع المباريات في ملعب غراند برايري في شمال هيوستن بولاية تكساس، وملعب تشيرش ستريت بارك في موريسفيل بولاية كارولاينا الشمالية. ومن المخطط توسيع البطولة إلى عشرة فرق، كما أن دوريًا صغيرًا يضم 27 فريقًا آخر يُقام بالفعل. وفي عام 2024، استضافت الولايات المتحدة كأس العالم للرجال من 20 جولة بالاشتراك مع جزر الهند الغربية، وستتضمن الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية لعام 2028 في لوس أنجلوس منافسات للكريكيت من 20 جولة. == دول أخرى == [[File:Cuba - Inauguracion de la Republica (1902).jpg | thumb | 300px | يزيل المجلس الدولي للكريكيت علم كوبا بعد طردها ]] تمارس 88 دولة أخرى لعبة الكريكيت بصورة منظمة ضمن إطار المجلس الدولي للكريكيت. وهي لا تلعب بانتظام ضد الدول الأعلى مستوى، لكنها مؤهلة للمشاركة في الأدوار التأهيلية للبطولات الكبرى. فعلى سبيل المثال، في كأس العالم 2023، كانت الدول الطامحة إلى التأهل هي برمودا والدنمارك وهونغ كونغ وإيطاليا وكينيا وماليزيا وقطر وسنغافورة وأوغندا وفانواتو وجيرزي وبابوا غينيا الجديدة. ولم يتأهل أي منها إلى النهائيات في الهند. «هذا ليس كريكيت!» – بالنظر إلى بعض التصرفات المشينة التي لم تنل من المجلس الدولي للكريكيت سوى توبيخ بسيط، فلا بد أن تكون لعبة بلد ما غارقة في الفساد الأخلاقي حتى تستحق العقوبة القصوى المتمثلة في الطرد. والدول التي حققت ذلك بطريقة ما هي بروناي وكوبا والمغرب وروسيا وتونغا وزامبيا. ولم تنظم هذه الدول بطولة فيما بينها حتى الآن. في [[Wy/ar/مالايا|مالايا]]، كثيرًا ما أنشأ المستعمرون البريطانيون شكلًا من أشكال الساحات المدنية الاستعمارية يُعرف باسم ''بادانغ'' (وهي كلمة ملايوية تعني «حقلًا»)، أي مساحة عشبية تحيط بها المباني المدنية، إلى جانب نادٍ للكريكيت للمستعمرين البريطانيين. ولا يزال كثير من هذه الأماكن قائمًا، وإن أُعيد استخدامه لأغراض أخرى، لكن المواقع الموجودة في إيبوه وكوالالمبور (المعروفة اليوم باسم ''داتاران ميرديكا'') وسنغافورة ما زالت تُستخدم أحيانًا لمباريات الكريكيت. في [[Wy/ar/اليونان|اليونان]]، نادرًا ما تُمارس الكريكيت، باستثناء جزيرة [[Wy/ar/كورفو|كورفو]] حيث تحظى بمتابعة كبيرة بفضل الوجود البريطاني القصير هناك في القرن التاسع عشر. == افعل == * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/ كأس العالم للكريكيت]''' بطولة لمباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية، تُقام كل أربع سنوات. وستستضيف النسخة المقبلة جنوب أفريقيا و[[Wy/ar/زيمبابوي|زيمبابوي]] و[[Wy/ar/ناميبيا|ناميبيا]] بالاشتراك عام 2027. * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/mens-t20-world-cup-2026 كأس العالم من 20 جولة]''' بطولة دولية من 20 جولة، تُقام كل عامين. وستستضيف أستراليا ونيوزيلندا النسخة المقبلة بالاشتراك عام 2028. * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/champions-trophy-2025 كأس أبطال المجلس الدولي للكريكيت]''' بطولة أخرى لمباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية، تُقام كل أربع سنوات. توقفت مؤقتًا بعد نسخة 2017، لكنها عادت مع نسخة 2025 التي استضافتها باكستان والإمارات العربية المتحدة<ref>وافقت الإمارات العربية المتحدة على استضافة المباريات التي تشارك فيها الهند في ملعب دبي للكريكيت، بعد أن أصدرت الهند بيانًا قالت فيه إنها لن تلعب مباريات في باكستان. أما المباراة الرئيسية نفسها فأُقيمت في الإمارات.</ref>. وستُقام النسخة المقبلة من كأس الأبطال في الهند عام 2029. * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/world-test-championship بطولة العالم للاختبارات التابعة للمجلس الدولي للكريكيت]''' بطولة اختبارية بين الدول التي تلعب مباريات الاختبار، وتتكون من مرحلة دوري تضم سلاسل اختبارية مختلفة بين الدول (وأشهرها '''الرماد (بين أستراليا وإنجلترا)، وكأس بوردر-غافاسكار (أستراليا والهند)، وكأس أندرسون-تندولكار (إنجلترا والهند)، وكأس غاندي-مانديلا (الهند وجنوب أفريقيا)'''). وبعد مرحلة الدوري، تُقام مرحلة فاصلة ونهائي في ملعب لوردز. * ستُدرج اللعبة ضمن [[Wy/ar/الألعاب الأولمبية|'''الألعاب الأولمبية''']] في [[Wy/ar/لوس أنجلوس|لوس أنجلوس]] عام 2028، وستكون تلك أول عودة لها إلى الألعاب الأولمبية منذ عام 1900 في باريس. في ذلك العام، هزمت بريطانيا العظمى فرنسا بفارق 158 جولة، لتحقق الميدالية الذهبية الأولى والوحيدة في هذه الرياضة. * '''العب بنفسك'''، أو على الأقل اطلب من لاعب كريكيت أن يرمي إليك بعض الكرات. إذا كنت جيدًا في رياضات المضرب، فستعتاد عليها سريعًا. تُسمى منطقة التدريب «الشباك»، وتضم المجمعات الرياضية الكبيرة آلات لرمي الكرات. أما الأندية للهواة فلا تستطيع غالبًا تحمل تكلفة الشبك، ولذلك عليك أن تعود لجلب أي كرة تفشل في ضربها. == انظر أيضًا == * [[Wy/ar/كرة القدم الأمريكية|كرة القدم الأمريكية]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة القدم|كرة القدم]] * [[Wy/ar/البيسبول|البيسبول]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة السلة في أمريكا الشمالية|كرة السلة في أمريكا الشمالية]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة القدم في أوروبا|كرة القدم في أوروبا]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة اليد في أوروبا|كرة اليد في أوروبا]] * [[Wy/ar/هوكي الجليد في أمريكا الشمالية|هوكي الجليد في أمريكا الشمالية]] * [[Wy/ar/الألعاب الأولمبية|الألعاب الأولمبية]] * [[Wy/ar/اتحاد الرغبي|اتحاد الرغبي]] {{Wy/ar/Geo|18|33|zoom=3}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|الرياضات}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] 46ap2abtuc66pxprjjtp9kffdclevns 7386671 7386669 2026-11-10T07:57:15Z Almajidy 2647497 إضافة روابط إنترويكي إلى [[d:Q5375]] 7386671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Cricket banner Local cricket match Leeds.JPG|الكريكيت}} '''الكريكيت''' لعبة تُلعب بالمضرب والكرة بين فريقين، يتألف كل منهما من أحد عشر لاعبًا، على ملعب كبير بيضاوي الشكل، ويتركز اللعب في الملعب الصغير الواقع في الوسط. وهي ليست لعبة سريعة؛ إذ قد تستغرق المباراة، بحسب نظامها، 90 دقيقة أو ما يبدو كأنه بقية حياتك. نشأت الكريكيت في إنجلترا، وهي متغلغلة في ثقافتها ولغتها، حتى بين أولئك الذين لا يقتربون من ملاعبها مطلقًا. ومن تعبيراتها الشائعة في البلدان التي تمارسها: «أتمنى لك جولة موفقة»، و«ضربة بستة أشواط»، و«ارمِ كرة ملتوية»، و«ملعب صعب»، و«هذا ليس من روح الكريكيت». وقائمة الاستعارات المأخوذة من الكريكيت في كلام الشعوب التي تلعبها تكاد تطول بقدر قائمة الاستعارات البحرية. وتضم روايات إنجليزية كثيرة مشاهد تدور حول مباريات الكريكيت أو نقاشات جادة بشأنها؛ فرواية [[Wy/ar/أوراق فلاشمان#سيدة فلاشمان|سيدة فلاشمان]] الكوميدية تصف اللعبة كما كانت تُمارس في أربعينيات القرن التاسع عشر. كما استُلهمت شخصية جيفز، خادم بيرتي ووستر في أعمال بي جي وودهاوس، من لاعب الكريكيت الأنيق بيرسي جيفز من وارويكشاير، الذي قُتل في معركة السوم. اذهب إلى مباراة في أي مكان، ولا سيما في موطن اللعبة، لتشاهد نافذة آسرة، وأحيانًا مقلقة، على نفسية العالم الناطق بالإنجليزية. ==تعرّف== [[File:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports (Illustration Page 28).png | thumb | 300px | لاعب المضرب يدافع عن الويكيت]] {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|إنه شهر غريب، أكتوبر. فبالنسبة إلى مشجع الكريكيت المتحمس حقًا، يكون هذا هو الوقت الذي تكتشف فيه أن زوجتك تركتك في مايو. |author=دينيس نوردن، كاتب إنجليزي}} تُمارس الكريكيت في الهواء الطلق على ملعب عشبي كبير دائري أو بيضاوي الشكل، وتُقص حشيشته؛ ولا تُستخدم الأسطح الاصطناعية. وفي الوسط توجد مساحة مستطيلة تُسمى الملعب، ويكون عشبها أقصر. وعند طرفَي الملعب توجد بوابتان تفصل بينهما مسافة 22 ياردة (20 مترًا)، وتتكون كل بوابة من ثلاثة أوتاد خشبية عمودية تعلوها قطعتان خشبيتان صغيرتان. يرمي لاعب الرمي الكرة باتجاه البوابة لإصابتها، بينما يقف لاعب الضرب أمامها ويدافع عنها؛ ويفضل أن يضرب الكرة بعيدًا بما يكفي ليتمكن من الركض إلى البوابة الأخرى وتبديل موقعه مع لاعب الضرب الآخر. ويُحتسب بذلك شوط واحد، وتكون النتيجة أفضل إذا تجاوزت الكرة حدود الملعب، إذ تُحتسب أشواط تلقائية. وهذا يعني أن الكريكيت لا يمكن ممارستها إلا في ظروف دافئة وجافة إلى حد معقول؛ أي في الصيف أو في الموسم الجاف المناظر له. والكرة صلبة، بل شديدة الصلابة إن أصابتك، كما أنها تتباطأ على الأسطح المبتلة. وباستثناء لاعبي الضرب والرمي، يبقى معظم اللاعبين في الملعب ثابتين في مواقعهم، ولا يحافظون على دفئهم بالركض المتواصل كما في مباراة كرة القدم. كما يفضل الجمهور ألا يشعر بالبرد والبلل؛ فمقاعد الملاعب نادرًا ما تكون مغطاة. يحاول لاعب الضرب تسجيل الأشواط، بينما يحاول لاعب الرمي إخراجه من اللعب، أي إقصاءه؛ وعندها يأتي لاعب الضرب التالي، الذي كان جالسًا على جانب الملعب، لمواجهة اللعب. توجد 11 طريقة للإقصاء، لكن الطرق الشائعة عمليًا هي: * '''الإسقاط بالكرة (Bowled)''' – يرمي اللاعب الكرة فتصيب البوابة بقوة تكفي لإسقاط قطعة خشبية واحدة على الأقل من أعلاها. ** «إصابة الويكيت بالمضرب» أو «الضرب بالخطأ على الويكيت» هي حالة فرعية تحدث عندما تؤدي ضربة لاعب الضرب نفسه إلى اصطدام مضربه أو أي جزء من جسمه بالبوابة. * '''الإمساك بالكرة (Caught)''' – يمسك أحد لاعبي الميدان أو لاعب الرمي بالكرة قبل أن تلمس الأرض. ** «الإمساك خلف الويكيت» أو «الإمساك عند الويكيت» هو إمساك حارس الويكيت بالكرة مباشرة خلف البوابة، ويحدث عادة بسبب لمسة خفيفة من لاعب الضرب الذي لم يكن متأكدًا مما إذا كان ينبغي له ضرب الكرة أم تركها تمر. ** «الإمساك من لاعب الرمي» هو أن يمسك لاعب الرمي نفسه الكرة. * '''الإقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت (LBW)''' – تصيب الكرة لاعب الضرب في موضع كان من شأنها أن تصيب فيه البوابة لولا ذلك. غير أن قواعد هذا النوع من الإقصاء شديدة التعقيد، وتُستثنى من القاعدة بعض الحالات التي قد تبدو واضحة للمبتدئين. لذلك طُوّر نظام مراجعة القرارات (DRS) في عام 2008 لتسهيل اتخاذ القرار. * '''الإقصاء أثناء الركض (Run out)''' – يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته أثناء محاولته تسجيل شوط، فيرمي أحد لاعبي الميدان الكرة لكسر البوابة. * '''الإقصاء بالتغفيل (Stumped)''' – وهو شبيه بالحالة السابقة؛ إذ يكسر حارس الويكيت البوابة بالكرة عندما يكون لاعب الضرب خارج منطقته، بعد أن يتقدم لمحاولة ضرب الكرة ويخفق في إصابتها، بدلًا من أن يكون محاولًا تسجيل شوط. إذا نجح لاعب الرمي في إقصاء ثلاثة لاعبين بثلاث رميات متتالية، بأي طريقة كانت، فيقال إنه حقق «هاتريك». ومنذ عام 1858 لم يعد الجمهور يجمع المال لشراء قبعة للاعب الرمي من حصيلة التبرعات، لكن المصطلح انتشر على نطاق واسع في الرياضات الأخرى وفي جوانب الحياة المختلفة. أما «حصيلة خمسة ويكيتات»، المعروفة أيضًا باسم «خمسة مقابل» أو «فيفر»، فتشير إلى إقصاء لاعب الرمي خمسة لاعبين في جولة واحدة، بينما تشير «حصيلة عشرة ويكيتات» إلى إقصائه عشرة لاعبين في مباراة واحدة. [[File:Tom Browne, Illustrated Sports Cricket.png | thumb | 300px | «أوووزات؟!» – ربما لم يكن اللاعب خارجًا]] ومن غرائب اللعبة أن اللاعب المهزوم لا يُقصى تلقائيًا؛ بل يجب على الفريق المدافع أن يسأل الحكم: «ما رأيك؟»، أي هل اللاعب خارج أم لا؟ وهو نداء حماسي أشبه بصيحة «أوووزات؟!». فلا اعتراض من الفريق المدافع، لا إقصاء للاعب. وهذه القاعدة غريبة على مشجعي البيسبول، حيث يعلن الحكام تقريبًا جميع حالات الإقصاء مباشرة دون الحاجة إلى طلب من الفريق المدافع. يرفع الحكم إصبعًا واحدًا للإشارة إلى أن اللاعب خارج، وإلا فيبقى جامدًا بينما يبدي لاعبو الميدان تعابير الدهشة وعدم التصديق. وقد يكون القرار «ليس خارجًا» إذا كان لاعب الرمي قد أرسل كرة غير قانونية، أو إذا لم تلمس الكرة مضرب لاعب الضرب في طريقها إلى قفازي حارس الويكيت، أو إذا لمست المضرب قبل أن تبدو الحالة كأنها إقصاء بالرجل أمام الويكيت، وغير ذلك. ويستعين الحكام في المباريات الاحترافية بالتقنيات، كما يمكن للفرق الاعتراض على القرارات ضمن حدود معينة، وتعرض الشاشات الكبيرة في الملاعب كل واقعة بالحركة البطيئة. بعد إكمال شوط، يصل لاعب الضرب غير المواجه للكرة إلى طرف الضرب، لكن يمكنه الانطلاق فورًا للعودة وتسجيل شوط ثانٍ إذا كان لاعبو الميدان لا يزالون يطاردون الكرة. أما تسجيل ثلاثة أشواط أو أكثر بالركض، بدلًا من ضربات الحدود، فلا يحدث عادة إلا بسبب خطأ من لاعبي الميدان؛ كأن تُرمى الكرة فلا تصيب أيًا من الأهداف الممكنة في الملعب، ثم تواصل اندفاعها إلى الطرف الآخر، وهو ما يُعرف بالرمي الزائد. ويؤدي ضرب الكرة إلى ما وراء حدود الملعب إلى احتساب أربعة أشواط تلقائيًا، أو ستة إذا تجاوزت الحدود من دون أن تلمس الأرض. وقد تُمنح أشواط إضافية لفريق الضرب بسبب الكرة غير القانونية (إذا نفذ لاعب الرمي رمية مخالفة للقواعد)، أو الكرة الواسعة، أو إذا مرت الكرة من دون أن يضربها أحد وتجاوزت الحدود، وهو ما يُسمى «باي». (هل أدخل حكام الكريكيت الاستعماريون في هونغ كونغ رياضة التاي تشي إلى الصين، من خلال إشاراتهم إلى هذه المخالفات والعقوبات المختلفة؟) ويصفق الجمهور للاعب الذي يسجل «نصف قرن»، أي 50 شوطًا في جولة واحدة، ويحظى من يسجل مئة شوط بتقدير أكبر. لكن النتيجة الأكثر شيوعًا بفارق كبير هي أن يصد لاعب الضرب الكرة من دون تسجيل أي شوط؛ وتُسمى هذه «كرة بلا أشواط»، لأنها تُسجل بهذه الطريقة في دفاتر المسجلين. ويمكن للاعب دفاعي جيد أن يواصل ذلك طوال فترة ما بعد الظهر، بينما يتثاءب المتفرجون ويصيح عشاق اللعبة المتشددون إعجابًا بالمهارة، وهم يتساءلون سرًا إن كان الوقت مبكرًا لطلب مشروب الجن. بعد رمي ست كرات، تُسمى المجموعة «أوفر». ويبقى لاعبا الضرب في موقعيهما، ويأتي لاعب رمي آخر من الطرف المقابل، فيصبح اللاعب الذي لم يكن يواجه الكرة هو المواجه لها، ويتحرك لاعبو الميدان لتغيير مواقعهم وفقًا لذلك. لكن إذا سجل اللاعب المواجه للكرة شوطًا واحدًا في الرمية الأخيرة من الأوفر، فإنه يحتفظ بحق مواجهة الكرة في الأوفر التالي. (يساعد هذا التناوب على موازنة الاختلافات في سطح الملعب وأشعة الشمس وما إلى ذلك). وعندما يُقصى عشرة لاعبين، ينتهي دور فريق الضرب بأكمله، إذ لا يبقى للاعب الحادي عشر شريك. وهذا يُكمل «جولة»، ويكون لها مجموع أشواط يتعين على الفريق الآخر تجاوزه. وقد تنتهي الجولة أيضًا بعد عدد محدد من الأوفرات، مثل 20 أو 50 في الأنظمة القصيرة، أو عن طريق «إعلان إنهاء الضرب»، أي إنهاء فريق الضرب جولته لأن مجموع أشواطه يبدو بعيد المنال بالنسبة إلى الفريق المنافس، وذلك في مباريات الاختبار ومباريات الدرجة الأولى. ولا ينهي الطقس السيئ أو حلول الظلام الجولة إذا كان من الممكن استئناف اللعب لاحقًا، لكن ذلك قد لا يكون ممكنًا في اليوم الأخير من المباراة. وفي مباريات الدرجة الأولى، يلعب كل فريق جولتين؛ أما المستويات والأنظمة الأخرى فتقتصر على جولة واحدة. ويلقي قائدا الفريقين عملة معدنية في بداية المباراة لتحديد ترتيب الضرب؛ وغالبًا ما يختار الفائز أن يبدأ بالضرب، لكن في بعض الظروف، وبالنظر إلى توقعات الطقس، يكون من الأفضل أن يبدأ بالرمي. [[File:GandM Purist-Grace match cricket balls.jpg | thumb | 300px | كرات الكريكيت صغيرة وصلبة، وصلبة جدًا بالفعل]] يُعد مركز لاعب الرمي الأكثر إرهاقًا في الملعب، ولذلك يحتاج كل فريق إلى التناوب بين عدة لاعبين للرمي، مع الأخذ في الحسبان أنهم سيضطرون بدورهم إلى الضرب، وقد لا يكونون بارعين فيه كثيرًا. وسلاحهم الأساسي هو السرعة. يستطيع لاعب الرمي السريع المصنف ضمن الأفضل إرسال الكرة بسرعة تتجاوز 90 ميلًا في الساعة (150 كم/ساعة)، ما يترك للاعب الضرب 0.1 ثانية لتقدير مسارها واختيار الضربة المناسبة، و0.3 ثانية فقط لتحريك أطرافه ومضربه إلى الوضع الصحيح. وفوق ذلك، ترتد الكرة مرة واحدة أثناء سيرها، ولذلك فإن أي دوران فيها يجعل مسارها ينحرف، ولا سيما إذا ارتدت عن منطقة خشنة. أما لاعبو الرمي الدوراني فلا يتميزون بسرعة كبيرة، لكن لديهم قدرة مدهشة على جعل الكرة تتصرف على نحو غير متوقع. ويتم توزيع لاعبي الميدان وفقًا لذلك. ولكل موقع في الملعب اسم غريب، فمثلًا يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية» قريبًا من لاعب الرمي، بينما يقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير» قريبًا جدًا من لاعب الضرب إلى درجة تجعل الوقوف فيه ضربًا من الجنون. تذكّر أن الكرة صلبة جدًا! إذا انتهت أيام المباراة أو وقتها أو سمح الطقس بإنهائها، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا» حتى لو كان أحد الفريقين متأخرًا حتمًا في عدد الأشواط. وهذه نتيجة شائعة، وقد سُجل أفضل مجموع فردي على الإطلاق، وهو 501 شوط دون إقصاء، باسم برايان لارا لصالح وارويكشاير أمام دورهام في عام 1994، في مباراة انتهت بالتعادل. ويفوز الفريق بتسجيل عدد أشواط أكبر، الأمر بهذه البساطة، لكن طريقة التعبير عن النتيجة تحتاج إلى توضيح. فإذا كان الفريق في منتصف جولته وقد سجل 155 شوطًا وخسر سبعة لاعبين، يقال إن نتيجته «155 مقابل 7». وإذا أضاف اللاعبون المتأخرون 30 شوطًا أخرى، تنتهي الجولة بنتيجة «185 مع خروج الجميع». ويأتي دور الفريق الآخر للضرب، ولنفترض أنه أنهى جولته عند 160 شوطًا مع خروج الجميع؛ عندها يكون الفريق الأول قد فاز بفارق 25 شوطًا. أما إذا تجاوز الفريق الثاني هدف 185 شوطًا، فيكفيه تسجيل شوط واحد إضافي، ولا يواصل الضرب بعد ذلك. ويقال إنه فاز، مثلًا، «بثلاثة ويكيتات»، إذا بقي أربعة لاعبين لم يُقصوا أو لم يحن دورهم بعد، مع مراعاة أن الإقصاء العاشر أو الويكيت العاشر ينهي الجولة. وقد يفوز فريق «بجولة كاملة» إذا سجل في جولة واحدة أشواطًا أكثر مما يستطيع الفريق الآخر جمعه في جولتين، وهي هزيمة مذلة. وإذا تساوى عدد الأشواط عند اكتمال المباراة، تُسمى النتيجة «تعادلًا متكافئًا» (Tie)، لا «تعادلًا» (Draw)، ويحدث ذلك في نحو مباراة واحدة من كل ألف مباراة. تُعد «مباريات الاختبار» قمة اللعبة، وهي مباريات دولية كاملة المدة بين أفضل البلدان. وتُحدد مدتها بخمسة أيام، لكنها تنتهي غالبًا في أربعة؛ إذ يُترك اليوم الأخير احتياطيًا تحسبًا لسوء الأحوال الجوية. وإذا انتهت المباراة في ثلاثة أيام، فهذا يعني أن أحد الفريقين تعرض لهزيمة ساحقة. أما المباريات الدولية مع البلدان الأخرى أو وفق الأنظمة الأقصر، فلا تُحتسب مباريات اختبار، ولذلك تجذب نقاطًا أقل في التصنيف. ومن الأنظمة القصيرة الشائعة مباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية (ODI)، حيث تُحدد المباراة بخمسين أوفرًا لكل فريق وتستغرق نحو تسع ساعات. أما مباريات «الدرجة الأولى» فهي أبرز المباريات المحلية كاملة المدة، مثل المباريات بين مقاطعات إنجلترا؛ وتستمر أربعة أيام، وغالبًا ما تنتهي في ثلاثة. وأكثر الأنظمة القصيرة شيوعًا هو «عشرون 20» (T20)، حيث يُسمح لكل فريق بعشرين أوفرًا، وقد تُضاف إليها فترات «اللعب القوي» التي تفرض قيودًا على مواقع لاعبي الميدان لتشجيع الضرب الجريء. == حضور المباراة == [[File:England v New Zealand second day of the third test, Headingley (24th June 2022) 019.jpg | thumb | 300px | إطعام الأفعى في مباراة اختبار في هيدينغلي]] قد تنفد تذاكر مباريات الاختبار، لكن من غير المرجح أن تواجه صعوبة في الحصول على تذاكر المباريات الأخرى. وفي مباريات منتصف الأسبوع في المستويات الأدنى، قد تؤدي زيارتك إلى رفع عدد الحضور إلى خانتين فقط. وتكمن المشكلة الكبرى في تخمين موعد وصول مباراة من الدرجة الأولى إلى ذروتها؛ وهو أمر يثير استياء القنوات التلفزيونية والجهات الراعية بشدة. فقد يكون اليوم الخامس من مباراة اختبار حدثًا بلا أهمية لأن اللعب انتهى في اليوم الرابع، أو قد يكون يومًا حافلًا بالإثارة والتشويق، أو مجرد استكمال متوقع لهزيمة محسومة، أو يومًا من الأمطار الغزيرة المتواصلة، أو صراعًا مرهقًا ينتهي بالتعادل. يتدرب اللاعبون لتحسين لياقتهم البدنية ولتحديد التشكيلة قبل المباراة بيومين، في منطقة تُسمى «الشباك». كما يتدرب اللاعبون على الضرب والرمي داخل الشباك قبل المباراة للتعرف إلى طبيعة سطح الملعب. وتساعد الشباك اللاعبين الشباب على تحسين مهاراتهم، من خلال اختبار ما إذا كانوا جيدين بما يكفي للانضمام إلى التشكيلة أم لا. ويتدرب فيها أيضًا اللاعبون الاحتياطيون. يمتزج مشجعو الفريقين المتنافسين بود داخل الملعب وخارجه، ويصفقون للعب الجيد حتى من جانب الخصوم. ارتدِ ملابس مريحة، وتذكر أن قضاء يوم طويل في الخارج يعني احتمال تغير الطقس. استخدم وسائل الحماية من الشمس حتى في الأيام الغائمة؛ إذ تنفذ كمية كبيرة من الأشعة فوق البنفسجية عبر السحب، وارتدِ معطفًا واقيًا من المطر أو احمل مظلة إذا هطل المطر. يرتدي لاعبو فريقي الكريكيت اللون الأبيض، ولا تُستخدم ألوان الفرق إلا في الأنظمة القصيرة، لذلك نادرًا ما يرتدي المشجعون ألوان فرقهم. ويتنكر عدد ملحوظ من المشجعين بملابس غريبة، لذلك قد ترى اثني عشر شابًا يرتدون جميعًا زي سبايدرمان أو التماسيح أو أي شيء آخر. وأكثر الجماعات تميزًا هي أعضاء نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC) في ملعب لوردز، بسترهم الفاقعة ذات اللونين اللذين يشبهان البيض المقدد، وبشرتهم ذات الألوان المشابهة. إذا التقطت كرة ضُربت إلى المدرجات، فستكسب التقدير، لكن عليك إعادتها إلى اللاعبين بسرعة. ليس الأمر أنهم يبخلون بالكرات، لكن تغيير الكرة يبدل ديناميكيات المباراة وله طقوسه الخاصة. كما أنك لن تُقصي لاعب الضرب، لذا فمن الأفضل لك، بصراحة، أن تتفاداها. تذكّر أنها صلبة جدًا! «إطعام الأفعى»: تقدم ملاعب الكريكيت البيرة في أكواب بلاستيكية يمكن التخلص منها، سعة كل منها نصف لتر. ويُستهلك منها الكثير، ومن آداب التعامل مع الأكواب الفارغة أن تصفها بعناية إلى جانب أكواب جيرانك، ثم أكواب جيرانهم، وهكذا. ومع اقتراب نهاية اللعب، تكتسب «أفعى البيرة» المكونة من الأكواب الفارغة حياة خاصة بها، فتلتوي وتتمدد عبر المدرجات. إنها حقًا السلالة النبيلة لأفعى الناغا الهندوسية، وأفعى قوس قزح في معتقدات السكان الأصليين الأستراليين، وآلهة مشاهدة الكريكيت الأفعوانية في أرجاء الكون. == البلدان الرئيسية التي تمارس اللعبة == [[File:MCC member.jpg | thumb | 300px | لا يزال لنادي ماريليبون للكريكيت نفوذ كبير]] نشأت الكريكيت في العصور الوسطى في جنوب شرق إنجلترا، حيث كانت الأغنام تقص العشب برعيه حتى يصبح قصيرًا. وكانت الكرة تُرمى باتجاه بوابة حظيرة الأغنام، ويدافع عنها الراعي باستخدام عصا معقوفة. وكان كثير من الرعاة في كنت وساسكس وسري مهاجرين من فلاندرز، ولذلك كانوا يقولون إنهم ضربوا الكرة بعبارة ''met de krikke ketsen''. وهكذا، إلى جانب [[Wy/ar/الغولف|الغولف]]، تكون هذه لعبة أخرى أفلتت من أيدي الهولنديين، ثم نمت في إنجلترا (لا في بريطانيا كلها)، ونُظمت وانتشرت إلى أنحاء العالم. ومن الواضح أن انتشارها كان إلى البلدان ذات الروابط الاستعمارية القوية؛ حيث كان المستوطنون يجمعون الفرق ويتحدون ثكنات الجيش المحلية في مباراة، ويطلبون من فتى الإسطبل الوقوف في موقع «منتصف الجهة الأمامية الخطير». ولذلك أصبحت هذه البلدان اليوم أبرز الدول في لعبة الكريكيت. كان نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت (MCC)، الذي تأسس عام 1787 ويتخذ من ملعب لوردز في لندن مقرًا له، أول هيئة دولية حاكمة للعبة، ولا يزال يتمتع بنفوذ كبير. لكن القيادة انتقلت منذ عام 1909 إلى المجلس الدولي للكريكيت (ICC)، الذي يقع مقره في دبي منذ عام 2005. وينظم المجلس البطولات الكبرى، ويعين كبار الحكام، ويعزز قواعد السلوك؛ ومن أبرز اهتماماته مكافحة الفساد. ويضم اثنتي عشرة دولة عضوًا كاملة، ولا تُحتسب مباريات الاختبار إلا بين هذه الدول. وتُعد بطولة كأس العالم للكريكيت أبرز بطولة دولية، لكنها تُقام بنظام اليوم الواحد. وتُجرى كل أربع سنوات؛ إذ استضافتها الهند عام 2023، وستستضيفها جنوب أفريقيا وزيمبابوي وناميبيا معًا عام 2027. ومن اللافت أن اللعبة كاملة المدة لا تُمارس ضمن بطولة كبرى، وأن معظم المباريات الدولية تُرتب بصورة ثنائية وارتجالية. ولا يوجد نظام «دوري»؛ لكن البلدان الرائدة تلعب مع جميع البلدان الأخرى على مدى دورة مدتها عامان لجمع نقاط التصنيف. الدول الأعضاء الإحدى عشرة كاملة العضوية هي أفغانستان، وأستراليا، وبنغلاديش، وإنجلترا وويلز، والهند، وأيرلندا، ونيوزيلندا، وباكستان، وجنوب أفريقيا، وسريلانكا، وجزر الهند الغربية. وهناك 96 دولة أخرى أعضاء منتسبة. === [[Wy/ar/أفغانستان|أفغانستان]] === لعبت القوات البريطانية الكريكيت للمرة الأولى في أفغانستان عام 1839، لكن مجلس الكريكيت الأفغاني لم يُشكّل إلا عام 1995. عانت البلاد قرونًا من الحروب والصراعات الداخلية، ولذلك لم تحقق الكريكيت فيها تقدمًا يُذكر، شأنها شأن أمور أخرى مثل الصحة والتعليم والإسكان. وما أبقى اللعبة حية هو وجود لاعبين أفغان في الدوريات المحلية في الهند وباكستان، وقد حصلت أفغانستان على صفة عضو اختباري عام 2017. === [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]] === الكريكيت هي الرياضة الصيفية الأكثر شعبية، وتُمارس من سبتمبر إلى أبريل، عندما تكون كرة القدم الأسترالية وفق قواعدها الخاصة ودوري الرجبي في فترة توقف موسمهما؛ وغالبًا ما تُستخدم الملاعب نفسها لهذه الرياضات. سُجلت أول مباراة معروفة في سيدني عام 1803، وخاض المنتخب الأسترالي أول مباراة له عام 1877. وسرعان ما تطور مستواه، وجاء أحد انتصاراته الشهيرة في ملعب ذا أوفال في لندن عام 1882، وكان أول فوز له في مباراة اختبار بإنجلترا. ونشرت صحيفة «ذا سبورتينغ تايمز» نعيًا ساخرًا للكريكيت الإنجليزية، جاء فيه: «سيُحرق الجثمان ويُنقل الرماد إلى أستراليا». وقبل مباراة العودة في أستراليا، تعهد قائد المنتخب الإنجليزي «باستعادة الرماد»، وعندما حقق الفوز أُهدي جرة صغيرة تحتوي على رماد إحدى قطع الويكيت الخشبية. وأصبح «الرماد» اليوم اسم سلسلة مباريات الاختبار بين المنتخبين، ويحمل الفائز نسخة احتفالية من الجرة؛ أما الأصلية فهي هشة وتُعرض بصورة دائمة في ملعب لوردز. وإذا انتهت السلسلة بالتعادل، يحتفظ بالكأس الفريق الذي فاز بها في آخر مرة. ومنذ عام 1993، يتواجه نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت ونادي ملبورن للكريكيت دائمًا في مباراة بنظام اليوم الواحد، في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في لوردز عندما تستضيف إنجلترا السلسلة، أو في اليوم التالي للمباراة التي تُقام في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت عندما تستضيف أستراليا السلسلة. [[File:Ashes Urn.jpg | thumb | 300px | جرة «الرماد»]] في عام 1977، هزت الكريكيت عالميًا، ولا سيما في أستراليا، عندما أطلق قطب الإعلام كيري باكر (1937–2005) بطولة عالمية منفصلة عن الهيئات الرسمية. وقال إن سلطات الكريكيت لم تكن تستغل إمكانات اللعبة التجارية، وإن كبار اللاعبين كانوا يتقاضون جزءًا ضئيلًا مما يمكنهم كسبه. وبعد عامين، جرى التوصل إلى تسوية (أم كانت تنازلًا؟) وانتهى المشروع المنافس، لكن كثيرًا من سمات اللعبة الحديثة هي إرث الصدمة الإيجابية التي أحدثها باكر. فالمباريات المسائية تحت الأضواء الكاشفة تتيح للموظفين والعاملين حضورها بعد العمل؛ فلماذا لم يفكر أحد في ذلك من قبل؟ واليوم، تُعد «كريكيت أستراليا» الهيئة الحاكمة للعبة، وتُعرف مباريات الدرجة الأولى باسم «كريكيت الدرجات». ومنذ فوز أستراليا بأول لقب لها في كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد عام 1987، ظلت منافسًا قويًا في أنظمة الكريكيت القصيرة. وتتواجه الولايات الست على درع شيفيلد في مباريات من أربعة أيام، وعلى كأس مارش في مباريات اليوم الواحد. وتتنافس ثماني مدن في دوري «بيغ باش» الذي تُقام مبارياته بعشرين أوفرًا. وفازت أستراليا ببطولة العالم للاختبار في دورة 2021–2023. '''مباريات الاختبار''' تُقام عادة في ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/ملبورن|ملبورن]]، وملعب سيدني للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]]، وملعب ذا غابا في [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]، وملعب بيرث في [[Wy/ar/بيرث|بيرث]]، وأديلايد أوفال في [[Wy/ar/أديلايد|أديلايد]]. أستراليا هي أنجح دولة في تاريخ كأس العالم للكريكيت، إذ فازت بالكأس ست مرات، وهو رقم قياسي. * '''ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت''' (MCG)، المعروف أيضًا باسم «ذا جي»، يقع في حديقة يارا ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/ملبورن/الشرق الداخلي|ريتشموند]] في ملبورن، ويُعد، على الأرجح، ثاني أهم ملعب للكريكيت في العالم بعد ملعب لوردز في لندن. وهو ملعب متعدد الاستخدامات، وتزيد سعته قليلًا على 100,000 متفرج، ما جعله أكبر ملعب في العالم حتى تجاوزته منشأة أحمد آباد عام 2021. ويستضيف فريق ولاية فيكتوريا وفريق ملبورن ستارز في دوري بيغ باش؛ كما يستضيف مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية في الشتاء. وتُقام فيه مباراة اختبار يوم الصناديق، وهي مباراة بين أستراليا وفريق زائر، سنويًا من 26 إلى 30 ديسمبر. ويضم الملعب أيضًا المتحف الأسترالي للرياضة، الذي يحتوي على '''قاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الأسترالية'''، إلى جانب قسم مخصص لتاريخ نادي ملبورن للكريكيت، مالك الملعب. : '''دوكلاندز''' أو ملعب مارفل هو منشأة أخرى متعددة الاستخدامات، ويستضيف فريق ملبورن رينيغيدز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''ملعب سيدني للكريكيت''' يقع في مور بارك ضمن منطقة [[Wy/ar/سيدني/شرق المدينة|شرق المدينة]]، خارج مركز سيدني مباشرة. ويستضيف المنتخب الوطني وفريق ولاية نيو ساوث ويلز وفريق سيدني سيكسرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''سيدني شوغراوند''' أو غاينتس أرينا، الواقع في الحديقة الأولمبية، يستضيف فريق سيدني ثاندر في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''متحف برادمان وقاعة مشاهير الكريكيت الدولية''' يقعان في [[Wy/ar/باورال|باورال]] ضمن المرتفعات الجنوبية في نيو ساوث ويلز. * '''أديلايد أوفال'''، الذي يتسع لـ53,500 متفرج، يقع في الحدائق العامة شمال [[Wy/ar/أديلايد/المدينة وأديلايد الشمالية|مركز المدينة]] مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية جنوب أستراليا وفريق أديلايد سترايكرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ذا غابا''' هو الاسم الشائع لملعب بريزبن للكريكيت، ويقع في منطقة وولونغابا جنوب النهر من وسط [[Wy/ar/بريزبن|بريزبن]]. ويتسع لـ36,000 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية كوينزلاند وفريق بريزبن بولز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''ملعب بيرث'''، الذي يتسع لـ60,000 متفرج، يقع في شبه جزيرة [[Wy/ar/بيرث/الضواحي|بورسوود]] جنوب النهر من وسط بيرث مباشرة. ويستضيف فريق ولاية أستراليا الغربية وفريق بيرث سكورشرز في دوري بيغ باش، إلى جانب مباريات كرة القدم الأسترالية. : '''ملعب واكا للكريكيت''' في وسط المدينة، وهو الملعب السابق لمباريات الاختبار في بيرث قبل اكتمال ملعب بيرث، أُغلق لإعادة التطوير حتى عام 2024. وبعد ذلك استضاف مباريات الكريكيت وكرة القدم الأسترالية. * '''بيليريف أوفال''' أو بلوندستون أرينا يقع في منطقة بيليريف بمدينة [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]]، على الضفة الشرقية لنهر ديروينت. ويتسع لـ19,500 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق ولاية تسمانيا وفريق هوبارت هوريكينز في دوري بيغ باش. * '''مانوكا أوفال''' يقع في [[Wy/ar/كانبيرا/جنوب كانبيرا|غريفيث]] جنوب وسط كانبيرا، في إقليم العاصمة الأسترالية. ويستضيف مباريات بين الحين والآخر، بما فيها مباريات دولية، لكنه لا يضم فريقًا مقيمًا. === [[Wy/ar/بنغلاديش|بنغلاديش]] === خاضت بنغلاديش أول مباراة دولية لها عام 1979، بعد ثماني سنوات من الاستقلال، وأول مباراة اختبار عام 2000. الملعب الوطني هو ملعب شير-إي-بنغلا (ويعني «نمر البنغال») في [[Wy/ar/دكا/الشمال|ميربور]]، وهي منطقة تقع شرق العاصمة دكا. ويتسع الملعب لـ25,000 متفرج، كما يستضيف فريق دكا دوميناتورز الذي يشارك في الدوري البنغلاديشي الممتاز، وهو بطولة بنظام عشرين 20. يمتد موسم الأمطار من يونيو إلى أكتوبر، لكن اللعب يظل ممكنًا في كثير من الأحيان. === إنجلترا وويلز === :: ''الإنجليز ليسوا شعبًا شديد التدين، ولذلك اخترعوا الكريكيت ليمنحهم فكرة عن الأبدية.'' – جورج برنارد شو تملك إنجلترا وويلز هيئة مشتركة للكريكيت ومنتخبًا وطنيًا واحدًا، بينما تملك اسكتلندا منتخبها الخاص، وتُعد أيرلندا الشمالية جزءًا من الهيئة والمنتخب المشتركين لجميع أيرلندا. يمتد موسم اللعب من أبريل إلى سبتمبر. ومورست الكريكيت في إنجلترا منذ عام 1550 على الأقل؛ وكان من المقرر تنظيم أول مباريات دولية في جولة إلى فرنسا عام 1789، لكنها أُلغيت بسبب الثورة الفرنسية. أما أول جولة خارجية لمنتخب إنجلترا فكانت إلى الولايات المتحدة وكندا عام 1859. '''مباريات الاختبار''' – أي المباريات الدولية – تُقام في أنحاء البلاد، وعادةً في ملعب لوردز في [[Wy/ar/لندن/بادينغتون ومايدا فيل|لندن]]، وملعب ذا أوفال في [[Wy/ar/لندن/لامبيث|لندن]]، وملعب روز بول في [[Wy/ar/ساوثهامبتون|ساوثهامبتون]]، وملعب إدجباستون في [[Wy/ar/برمنغهام (إنجلترا)|برمنغهام]]، وملعب هيدينغلي في [[Wy/ar/ليدز/شمال غرب ليدز|ليدز]]، وملعب أولد ترافورد في [[Wy/ar/مانشستر/الأرصفة|مانشستر]]، وملعب ترينت بريدج في [[Wy/ar/نوتنغهام|نوتنغهام]]. وخارج الموسم، يلعب المنتخب الإنجليزي مبارياته في الخارج، وتتبعه جماهيره الصاخبة المعروفة باسم «الجيش المجنون». [[File:England's Stuart Broad, Joe Root and Jimmy Anderson discuss tactics.jpg | thumb | 300px | ستيوارت برود وجو روت وجيمي أندرسون يناقشون تكتيكات المنتخب الإنجليزي]] '''بطولة المقاطعات''' هي البطولة المحلية الأبرز، وتُقام مبارياتها على مدى أربعة أيام (وغالبًا ما تنتهي في ثلاثة أيام، مع تخصيص اليوم المتبقي لاحتمال هطول الأمطار). تضم البطولة 18 فريقًا من فرق «الدرجة الأولى»، عشرة منها في القسم الأول وثمانية في القسم الثاني. وتكون ملاعبها المعتادة هي نفسها التي تستضيف مباريات الاختبار أحيانًا، لكن الفرق تلعب في بعض الأحيان في ملاعب أخرى داخل مقاطعاتها. ويوجد نظام للصعود والهبوط بين القسمين، لكن الفرق الثمانية عشر تشكل فيما عدا ذلك بطولة مغلقة، وهي: سري (ملعب ذا أوفال في [[Wy/ar/لندن/لامبيث|لامبيث]]، لندن)، وسومرست (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/تونتون (إنجلترا)|تونتون]])، وإسكس (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/تشيلمسفورد (إنجلترا)|تشيلمسفورد]])، ويوركشاير (ملعب هيدينغلي في [[Wy/ar/ليدز/شمال غرب ليدز|شمال غرب ليدز]])، وهامبشاير (ملعب إيجيس أو روز بول في [[Wy/ar/ساوثهامبتون|ساوثهامبتون]])، ونوتنغهامشير (ملعب ترينت بريدج في [[Wy/ar/نوتنغهام|نوتنغهام]])، ووارويكشير (ملعب إدجباستون في [[Wy/ar/برمنغهام (إنجلترا)|برمنغهام]])، وكينت (ملعب سانت لورانس في [[Wy/ar/كانتربري (إنجلترا)|كانتربري]])، ولانكشير (ملعب أولد ترافورد في [[Wy/ar/مانشستر/الأرصفة|أرصفة مانشستر]])، وورسيسترشير (ملعب نيو رود في [[Wy/ar/وورسيستر (إنجلترا)|وورسيستر]])، وساسكس (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/برايتون (إنجلترا)|برايتون]])، وميدلسكس (ملعب لوردز في منطقة [[Wy/ar/لندن/بادينغتون ومايدا فيل|بادينغتون ومايدا فيل]] في لندن)، وغلوسترشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/بريستول|بريستول]])، وليسترشير (ملعب غريس رود في [[Wy/ar/ليستر|ليستر]])، وديربيشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/ديربي|ديربي]])، ودورهام (ملعب ريفرسايد في تشستر-لو-ستريت، شمال [[Wy/ar/دورهام (إنجلترا)|دورهام]])، ونورثهامبتونشير (ملعب المقاطعة في [[Wy/ar/نورثهامبتون|نورثهامبتون]])، وغلامورغان (حدائق صوفيا في [[Wy/ar/كارديف|كارديف]]). وهذه الملاعب مخصصة للكريكيت وحدها؛ فمثلًا يقع ملعب أولد ترافورد للكريكيت على بعد نصف ميل جنوب ملعب أولد ترافورد الخاص بنادي مانشستر يونايتد. وتتنافس 19 مقاطعة أخرى في مستوى أدنى ضمن بطولة المقاطعات الوطنية. وكانت تُسمى سابقًا «المقاطعات الصغرى»، لكن بعض هذه المقاطعات واسع جغرافيًا، ولذلك تغير الاسم. تتمتع كريكيت المقاطعات بتاريخ طويل وتقاليد عريقة، لكنها تفتقر إلى الترفيه والجمهور، وقد طال التنبؤ بزوالها. وابتُكرت أنظمة أقصر وأكثر حيوية، مستلهمة تجربة الدوري الهندي الممتاز، ولا يزال هذا التغيير قيد التجربة. وأيًا كان النظام الذي سيحل محل البطولة، فلا بد أن يكون شعبيًا وممتعًا ومربحًا، مع الحفاظ على المهارة وتوفير مسار لتطوير اللاعبين من الهواة إلى المحترفين ثم إلى المستوى الدولي. '''بطولة المئة''' هي منذ عام 2021 البديل الرئيسي؛ إذ تلعب الفرق عشرين مجموعة، تتكون كل منها من خمس كرات. وتُعد البطولة الرئيسية بنظام عشرين 20 في إنجلترا وويلز. تُنظم البطولة بين ثماني مدن، وتُقام مباريات الرجال والنساء تباعًا، وتتيح التذكرة الواحدة حضور المباراتين. والفرق الثمانية هي: برمنغهام فينيكس، ولندن سبيريت (في ملعب لوردز)، ومانشستر سوبر جاينتس (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم مانشستر أوريجينالز)، وصنرايزرز ليدز (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم نورثرن سوبر تشارجرز) (في ملعب هيدينغلي في ليدز)، ومي لندن (وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم أوفال إنفينسبلز) (في ملعب ذا أوفال)، وساوثرن بريف (في ساوثهامبتون)، وترينت روكيتس (في نوتنغهام)، وويلش فاير (''تان كيمريغ'') في كارديف. '''كأس اليوم الواحد''' هي بطولة الخمسين أوفرًا، وتتنافس فيها فرق المقاطعات المشاركة في الدرجة الأولى. '''عشرون 20 (T20)''' هو النظام الآخر الذي يتكون من عشرين أوفرًا، وتُقام مبارياته أمام المنتخبات الدولية، وكذلك بين فرق المقاطعات الثمانية عشر في بطولة «تي 20 بلاست». تلعب النساء الكريكيت في جميع المستويات في إنجلترا وويلز، لكن أجورهن تبلغ عادة نحو 20% مما يحصل عليه الرجال. ومنذ أغسطس 2023، أصبحت أجور المباريات الدولية متساوية، وهو ما يضع معيارًا لبقية المدفوعات. وتشارك النساء في جميع البطولات نفسها التي يشارك فيها الرجال. يقع متحف نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت داخل ملعب لوردز في لندن. ويضم جرة الرماد الأصلية وغيرها من التذكارات. === [[Wy/ar/الهند|الهند]] === [[File:Sachin Tendulkar 2013 stamp of India.jpg | thumb | 300px | ساشين تيندولكار على طابع بريد هندي]] وصلت الكريكيت إلى الهند مع البريطانيين في أوائل القرن الثامن عشر، وأُقيمت مباريات الدرجة الأولى منذ عام 1864. ولم تصدّر بريطانيا لعبة الكريكيت فحسب، بل أرسلت أعدادًا كبيرة من الهنود للعمل كتبةً ومهندسين في مستعمراتها العديدة، ولذلك كانوا جزءًا من أسباب نجاح الكريكيت في دول أخرى، بما فيها إنجلترا. واليوم، تُعد الكريكيت الرياضة الأكثر شعبية وربحية في الهند، كما يسمح المناخ بممارستها طوال العام. ويتولى مجلس مراقبة الكريكيت في الهند (BCCI) إدارة اللعبة. وأبرز بطولات الكريكيت المحلية من الدرجة الأولى هي '''[https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/226/ranji-trophy كأس رانجي'''، التي تتنافس فيها الولايات الثماني والعشرون وغيرها، و'''[https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/289/duleep-trophy كأس دوليب]'''، التي تتنافس فيها ست مناطق جغرافية. أما '''[https://www.iplt20.com/ الدوري الهندي الممتاز]''' (IPL)، فهو بطولة بنظام عشرين 20 بين عشرة مدن، وتُقام في أبريل ومايو. ويُعد الدوري الهندي الممتاز أغنى بطولة محلية للكريكيت في العالم، وقد أحدث ثورة في عالم اللعبة بتحويلها إلى صناعة تبلغ قيمتها مليارات الدولارات. ويحظى بشعبية كبيرة بين جميع فئات المجتمع الهندي. وبين مارس ومايو، يكاد يكون من المستحيل ألا تجد الناس يتحدثون عن الدوري الهندي الممتاز. وتمتلئ الملاعب دائمًا عن آخرها عندما تُقام مبارياته. وتوجد أيضًا مسابقات أخرى بنظام عشرين 20 داخل الولايات. وفازت الهند بلقبين في كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد. واستضافت الهند كأس العالم للكريكيت بنظام اليوم الواحد عام 1987 وفي أكتوبر 2023. * '''أحمد آباد:''' يقع ملعب ناريندرا مودي في منطقة [[Wy/ar/أحمد آباد/المنطقة الغربية|موتيرا]]. افتُتح عام 2021، وهو أكبر ملعب للكريكيت في العالم بفارق كبير، إذ تبلغ سعته 134,000 متفرج. ويستضيف فريق غوجارات، إلى جانب فريق غوجارات تايتنز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/بنغالورو|بنغالورو]]:''' يقع ملعب إم تشيناسوامي، الذي يتسع لـ40,000 متفرج، في منطقة كوبون بارك. ويستضيف فريق كارناتاكا، إلى جانب فريق رويال تشالنجرز بنغالورو (RCB) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. (تنويه: لا يستضيف هذا الملعب مباريات الفريق في الموسم الأخير بسبب حادث تدافع جماهيري.) * '''[[Wy/ar/شانديغار|شانديغار]]:''' اكتمل بناء ملعب مهراجا يادافيندرا سينغ عام 2021، ويقع في منطقة مولانبور شمال المدينة، ويتسع لـ40,000 متفرج. : كان ملعب آي إس بيندرا في [[Wy/ar/موهالي|موهالي]] القريبة الملعب الرئيسي لفريق بنجاب كينغز (PBKS) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز، لكنه يخطط للانتقال إلى الملعب الجديد. * '''تشيناي:''' يقع ملعب إم إيه تشيدامبارام، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/تشيناي/الوسط|تشيبَوك]] بجوار شاطئ مارينا (وليس قريبًا إطلاقًا من مدينة تشيدامبارام الواقعة إلى الجنوب). ويستضيف فريق تاميل نادو وفريق تشيناي سوبر كينغز (CSK) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''دلهي:''' يقع ملعب آرون جايتلي للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/دلهي/دلهي القديمة|دلهي القديمة]]. وكان يُعرف سابقًا باسم ملعب فيروز شاه كوتلا، ويتسع لـ41,800 متفرج، ويستضيف فريق دلهي وفريق دلهي كابيتالز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/دارامشالا|دارامشالا]]:''' يشتهر ملعب جمعية الكريكيت في هيماشال براديش بموقعه الخلاب أمام خلفية جبال الهيمالايا. ويستضيف فريق هيماشال براديش، إلى جانب بعض المباريات الدولية. وهو ملعب ثانٍ لفريق بنجاب كينغز في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/غواليور|غواليور]]:''' يجري إنشاء ملعب جديد يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج في قرية شانكابور غرب المدينة، وكان من المحتمل افتتاحه عام 2023. وفي الوقت الحالي، تُقام المباريات في ملعب كابتن روب سينغ. * '''[[Wy/ar/حيدر آباد|حيدر آباد]]:''' يقع ملعب راجيف غاندي، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/حيدر آباد/الشرق|أوبال]]. ويستضيف فريق حيدر آباد وفريق صنرايزرز حيدر آباد (SRH) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/جايبور|جايبور]]:''' يستضيف ملعب ساواي مان سينغ، الذي يتسع لـ30,000 متفرج، فريق راجستان وفريق راجستان رويالز (RR) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/كولكاتا|كولكاتا]]:''' تقع حدائق إيدن في منطقة [[Wy/ar/كولكاتا/بي بي دي باغ|بي بي دي باغ]] على الضفة الشرقية للنهر. وتتسع لـ68,000 متفرج، وهي الملعب الرئيسي لفريق البنغال وفريق كولكاتا نايت رايدرز (KKR) في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. كما يُنظر إليها على نطاق واسع باعتبارها المقر الروحي للكريكيت الهندية، على غرار الدور الذي يؤديه ملعب لوردز في إنجلترا أو ملعب ملبورن للكريكيت في أستراليا. * '''[[Wy/ar/لكناو|لكناو]]:''' يستضيف ملعب إيكانا، الذي يتسع لـ50,000 متفرج، فريق أوتار براديش وفريق لكناو سوبر جاينتس في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/مومباي|مومباي]]:''' يقع ملعب وانكيدي، الذي يتسع لـ32,000 متفرج، في منطقة [[Wy/ar/مومباي/الجنوب|جنوب مومباي]]. وهو مقر مجلس مراقبة الكريكيت في الهند، الهيئة الوطنية الحاكمة للعبة، ومقر الدوري الهندي الممتاز، كما يستضيف فريق مومباي وفريق مومباي إنديانز (MI) في الدوري. * '''[[Wy/ar/ناغبور|ناغبور]]:''' يقع ملعب في سي إيه الجديد في منطقة جامثا. ويتسع لـ45,000 متفرج، ويستضيف نادي فيداربها للكريكيت، لكنه لا يضم فريقًا تابعًا لولاية أو فريقًا في الدوري الهندي الممتاز. * '''[[Wy/ar/بونه|بونه]]:''' جمعية ماهاراشترا للكريكيت (MCA). كان الملعب يستضيف سابقًا مباريات في الدوري الهندي الممتاز لفريقي بونه ووريورز وبونه سوبر جاينتس، لكنه لم يعد يفعل ذلك، بسبب انتقال امتياز سوبر جاينتس إلى لكناو، وعدم تمكن الدوري من العثور على مستثمر جديد. : يقع متحف «بليدز أوف غلوري» للكريكيت في مدينة بونه. ===[[Wy/ar/أيرلندا|أيرلندا]]=== [[File:Lismore - Malahide Castle - 20170928110756.jpg | thumb | 300px | تلعب أيرلندا الكريكيت في مالاهيد ]] كما هو الحال في اتحاد الرغبي، يمثّل فريق واحد جزيرة أيرلندا بأكملها. وصلت لعبة الكريكيت إلى هنا في أوائل القرن التاسع عشر، وخاض المنتخب الوطني مباراته الأولى عام 1855. وحصلت البلاد على صفة الاختبارات عام 2017. لا تُمارس اللعبة على نطاق واسع في جمهورية أيرلندا، وكان كثيرون لا يعرفون حتى أن للبلاد فريقًا، إلى أن انتبهوا إلى ذلك فجأة عام 2011 عندما هزمت أيرلندا إنجلترا. تخوض أيرلندا مبارياتها الدولية في [[Wy/ar/مالاهيد|مالاهيد]]، عند الطرف الشمالي من دبلن. === [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] === :: «استُخدم في المزرعة عدد من الشبان الذين خلّصهم المبشرون من العبودية. وفي المساء رأيت مجموعة منهم تلعب الكريكيت.» ::: - تشارلز داروين، روايته عن رحلة البيغل، 1835 يبدو أن أحد أوائل أفعال المستوطنين البريطانيين نحو عام 1800 كان العثور على رقعة مستوية من الأرض ولعب الكريكيت عليها. يعود أول سجل للعبة إلى عام 1832، وكانت أول مباراة لفريق نيوزيلندي (ضد نيو ساوث ويلز) عام 1894. وأُقيمت أول مباراة اختبارية عام 1930. الكريكيت ثاني أكثر الرياضات شعبية في البلاد بعد اتحاد الرغبي، وتُمارس خلال الصيف في نصف الكرة الجنوبي، من أكتوبر إلى مارس. البطولة المحلية الأبرز هي درع بلانكيت، وهي مباريات من أربعة أيام بين ستة فرق إقليمية. أما كأس فورد فتُقام بنظام اليوم الواحد، من 50 جولة، بين الفرق الستة نفسها، ويُعد درع هاليبورتون جونستون النسخة النسائية منها. وسوبر سماش بطولة كريكيت من 20 جولة للرجال والنساء. * أوكلاند: يُعد ملعب إيدن بارك في [[Wy/ar/أوكلاند/الوسطى#Do|وسط أوكلاند]] الملعب الوطني، ويستضيف الكريكيت (بسعة 42,000 متفرج) ومباريات اتحاد الرغبي ورغبي الدوري. تلعب فيه فرق أوكلاند (مباريات الأربعة أيام ومباريات 50 جولة)، وأوكلاند إيسز (كريكيت الرجال من 20 جولة)، وهارتس (مباريات النساء من 50 جولة و20 جولة). * ويلينغتون: يقع ملعب باسين ريزيرف في [[Wy/ar/ويلينغتون/المدينة#Do|وسط المدينة]]، ويتسع لـ11,600 متفرج، ويضم متحف كريكيت نيوزيلندا ويستضيف المباريات الاختبارية. ويلعب فريق ويلينغتون فايربيردز في جميع صيغ الرجال، بينما تلعب نساء ويلينغتون بليز في صيغتي 50 جولة و20 جولة. وتُقام المباريات الاختبارية أحيانًا في الملعب الإقليمي أيضًا. * [[Wy/ar/كرايستشيرش|كرايستشيرش]]: يلعب فريق كانتربري عادةً في ملعب هاغلي أوفال بوسط المدينة، الذي يتسع لـ9,000 متفرج، وأحيانًا في ملعب مينباور أوفال في [[Wy/ar/رانغيورا|رانغيورا]]، على بعد 25 كم شمالًا. ويُعرف فريق الرجال من 20 جولة باسم كانتربري نايتس، بينما يُعرف فريق النساء في صيغتي 50 جولة و20 جولة باسم كانتربري ماغيشنز. * [[Wy/ar/دنيدن|دنيدن]]: يلعب فريق أوتاغو عادةً في ملعب يونيفرسيتي أوفال، الذي يتسع لـ3,500 متفرج؛ ويُعرف فريق الرجال باسم فولتس والنساء باسم سباركس. ولديهم ملاعب أخرى في [[Wy/ar/إنفركارغيل|إنفركارغيل]] و[[Wy/ar/كوينزتاون (نيوزيلندا)|كوينزتاون]] و[[Wy/ar/ألكسندرا (نيوزيلندا)|ألكسندرا]]. * [[Wy/ar/هاميلتون (نيوزيلندا)|هاميلتون]]: يلعب فريق نورثرن ديستريكتس في ملعب سيدون بارك، الذي لا تتجاوز سعته 10,000 متفرج، ولذلك يتمتع بأجواء ملعب قروي أخضر. وتُعرف فرق الرجال والنساء في جميع الصيغ باسم نورثرن بريف. * [[Wy/ar/نابيير|نابيير]]: ملعب ماكلين بارك، بسعة 19,700 متفرج، هو الملعب الرئيسي لفريق سنترال ديستريكتس؛ ويُعرف فريق الرجال باسم ستاغز والنساء باسم هايندز. كما يلعب الفريقان في ملعب بوككورا بارك في [[Wy/ar/نيو بلايموث|نيو بلايموث]]، وملعب ساكستون أوفال في [[Wy/ar/نيلسون (نيوزيلندا)|نيلسون]]، وملعب فيتزherbert بارك في [[Wy/ar/بالمرستون نورث|بالمرستون نورث]]. ===[[Wy/ar/باكستان|باكستان]]=== وصلت الكريكيت مع البريطانيين قبل التقسيم وإنشاء الدولة، وأُقيمت أول مباراة اختبارية في كراتشي عام 1935. البطولة المحلية من الدرجة الأولى هي كأس قائد أعظم، وتتنافس فيها ثمانية فرق إقليمية. أما الدوري الباكستاني الممتاز فهو منافسة من 20 جولة بين ستة فرق تمثل مدنًا. واجهت الكريكيت في باكستان عراقيل بسبب التغييرات المتكررة في نظام المسابقات المحلية والإرهاب: فقد أدى الهجوم على فريق سريلانكا الزائر عام 2009 إلى امتناع الدول الأخرى عن الزيارة لمدة عقد، واضطرت باكستان إلى خوض المباريات الاختبارية في دبي وأبوظبي. ثم تحسن الوضع، واستضافت باكستان كأس آسيا عام 2023. وتُقام معظم المباريات الاختبارية في [[Wy/ar/كراتشي|كراتشي]] و[[Wy/ar/لاهور|لاهور]]. ===[[Wy/ar/جنوب أفريقيا|جنوب أفريقيا]]=== [[File:2007t20.jpg | thumb | 300px | مباراة ليلية في نيو لاندز، كيب تاون ]] أُدخلت الكريكيت إلى هنا نحو عام 1800، وظلت لفترة طويلة حكرًا على مجتمع جنوب أفريقيا الناطق بالإنجليزية، لكنها أصبحت منذ سقوط نظام الفصل العنصري رياضة يمارسها أبناء مختلف الخلفيات في البلاد ويحققون فيها نتائج متميزة. يمتد موسم اللعب من أكتوبر إلى مارس، والبطولة الرئيسية هي سلسلة سي إس إيه لأربعة أيام؛ وبعد تجربة نظام الامتيازات، عادت البطولة عام 2021 إلى منافسة تضم 15 مقاطعة موزعة على درجتين. ويتنافس العدد نفسه من الفرق في كأس سي إس إيه لليوم الواحد. ومنذ عام 2023، تُقام بطولة إس إيه 20، وهي بطولة من 20 جولة بين ستة امتيازات إقليمية. لم تحصد جنوب أفريقيا سوى لقبين كبيرين من ألقاب المجلس الدولي للكريكيت. وفي عام 2027 ستستضيف جنوب أفريقيا كأس العالم للكريكيت بالاشتراك مع ناميبيا وزيمبابوي. * [[Wy/ar/كيب تاون|كيب تاون]]: ملعب نيو لاندز، الذي تطل عليه جبال تيبل وديفلز بيك، هو مقر فريقي ويسترن بروفينس ومي كيب تاون. * [[Wy/ar/بريتوريا|بريتوريا]]: يلعب فريقا بريتوريا كابيتالز وتيتانز في ملعب سوبر سبورت بارك جنوب المدينة في [[Wy/ar/سنتوريون|سنتوريون]]. * [[Wy/ar/جوهانسبرغ|جوهانسبرغ]]: يستضيف ملعب واندررز في [[Wy/ar/جوهانسبرغ/ساندتون|إيلوفو]] قرب ساندتون المباريات الدولية والمحلية. وهو مقر فريقي ليونز وجوبورغ سوبر كينغز للكريكيت. * [[Wy/ar/بورت إليزابيث|بورت إليزابيث]]: أصبح اسم المدينة الرسمي الآن ''غكيبيرها'' (يُنطق تقريبًا: !-بير-غا، حيث تمثل ! نقرة باللسان)، لكن الجميع ما زالوا يسمونها «بي إي». يقع الملعب فيها في سانت جورج بارك، والفريق المقيم هو واريورز. * [[Wy/ar/ديربان|ديربان]]: يستضيف ملعب كينغزميد تقليديًا مباراة اختبارية في يوم الملاكمة، وهو مقر فريقي دولفينز وديربان سوبرجاينتس. * [[Wy/ar/بلومفونتين|بلومفونتين]]: ملعب مانغونغ أوفال هو مقر فريق نايتس، الذي يمثل مقاطعة فري ستيت. * أما المقاطعات الأخرى فتضم فريق ليونز في [[Wy/ar/خاوتينغ|خاوتينغ]]، ونورث ويست دراغونز، وبولاند في [[Wy/ar/بارل|بارل]]، وساوث ويسترن في أوتشورن، وكوازولو ناتال إنلاند في [[Wy/ar/بيترماريتسبورغ|بيترماريتسبورغ]]، ونورثرن كيب في [[Wy/ar/كيمبرلي (جنوب أفريقيا)|كيمبرلي]]، وليمبوبو في [[Wy/ar/بولوكواني|بولوكواني]]، ومبومالانغا في [[Wy/ar/مبومبيلا|وايت ريفر]]، وبوردر في [[Wy/ar/إيست لندن|إيست لندن]]. ===[[Wy/ar/سريلانكا|سريلانكا]]=== تُمارس الكريكيت هنا منذ نحو عام 1800، وعلى أساس منظم منذ عام 1832، وحصلت البلاد على صفة الاختبارات عام 1981. البطولة المحلية الرئيسية هي الدوري الممتاز، ويضم 26 فريقًا من الدرجة الأولى موزعين على مجموعتين. وتتنافس خمسة امتيازات تمثل المدن في دوري لانكا الممتاز من 20 جولة خلال يوليو وأغسطس. تشمل ملاعب الكريكيت الدولية نادي سينهاليز الرياضي في [[Wy/ar/كولومبو|كولومبو]]، وملعب أسغيريا في [[Wy/ar/كاندي|كاندي]]، وملعب رانغيري دامبولا في [[Wy/ar/دامبولا|دامبولا]]، وملعب ماهيندا راجاباكسا في [[Wy/ar/هامبانتوتا|هامبانتوتا]]، وأشهرها ملعب [[Wy/ar/غال|غال]] الدولي، حيث يطل حصن من القرن السادس عشر على أرض الملعب. وتشتهر سريلانكا أساسًا بهجومها المعتمد على الرميات الدورانية، الذي تطور في تسعينيات القرن العشرين. === [[Wy/ar/جزر الهند الغربية|جزر الهند الغربية]] === يخوض فريق موحد باسم [https://www.windiescricket.com/ جزر الهند الغربية] مباريات الاختبار، بينما تتنافس الجزر منفردة في مجموعة متنوعة من الصيغ؛ وغالبًا ما تخوض الفرق الاختبارية الزائرة مباريات إحماء ضدها. والهيئة الحاكمة هي كريكيت جزر الهند الغربية، وتمثل [[Wy/ar/أنغويلا|أنغويلا]] و[[Wy/ar/أنتيغوا وباربودا|أنتيغوا وباربودا]] و[[Wy/ar/باربادوس|باربادوس]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر العذراء البريطانية|جزر العذراء البريطانية]] و[[Wy/ar/دومينيكا|دومينيكا]] و[[Wy/ar/غرينادا|غرينادا]] و[[Wy/ar/غيانا|غيانا]] و[[Wy/ar/جامايكا|جامايكا]] و[[Wy/ar/مونتسرات|مونتسرات]] و[[Wy/ar/سانت لوسيا|سانت لوسيا]] و[[Wy/ar/سانت فنسنت والغرينادين|سانت فنسنت والغرينادين]] و[[Wy/ar/سانت كيتس ونيفيس|سانت كيتس ونيفيس]] و[[Wy/ar/سينت مارتن|سينت مارتن]] و[[Wy/ar/ترينيداد وتوباغو|ترينيداد وتوباغو]] و[[Wy/ar/جزر العذراء الأمريكية|جزر العذراء الأمريكية]]. بطولة جزر الهند الغربية هي منافسة من أربعة أيام للدرجة الأولى، تُقام في فبراير ومارس بين باربادوس وغيانا وجامايكا وترينيداد وتوباغو وجزر ويندوارد (التي تجمع دومينيكا وغرينادا وسانت لوسيا وسانت فنسنت) وجزر ليوارد (التي تضم تقريبًا جميع الجزر الأخرى). وتتنافس ستة امتيازات تمثل الجزر في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة من 20 جولة خلال أغسطس وسبتمبر؛ إذ تستضيف كل جزيرة خمس مباريات بالتناوب، ثم تنتقل البطولة إلى الجزيرة التالية، وتنتهي أخيرًا بمباريات خروج المغلوب. [[File:Sobers statue kensington.jpg | thumb | 300px | غاري سوبرز يضرب الكرة بقوة في كينسينغتون أوفال ]] كانت أيام مجد كريكيت جزر الهند الغربية في ستينيات وسبعينيات القرن العشرين، بقيادة أسماء مثل فرانك ووريل وغاري سوبرز وكلايف لويد. وقد واجهت اللعبة صعوبات منذ ذلك الحين لعدة أسباب: فالمنطقة الزمنية بعيدة عن المناطق الزمنية للدول الأخرى التي تمارس الكريكيت، مما يجعل تسويق حقوق البث التلفزيوني مشكلة. كما أن أي رياضي شاب واعد ينجذب إلى ألعاب أمريكا الشمالية مثل البيسبول وكرة السلة وكرة القدم الأمريكية، حيث تتاح منح رياضية للدراسة في الكليات الأمريكية. أما إذا لعب جيدًا في فريق الكريكيت المدرسي، فمكافأته المشكوك فيها هي أن يُختار لفريق الجزيرة، ليواجه ثورًا هائجًا من الرماة الدوليين السريعين وهو يندفع نحوه نافثًا أنفاسه. * [[Wy/ar/أنتيغوا|أنتيغوا]]: يلعب فريق أنتيغوا وفريق أنتيغوا فالكونز في ملعب السير فيفيان ريتشاردز في سانت بيترز. * [[Wy/ar/باربادوس|باربادوس]]: يلعب الفريق في ملعب كينسينغتون أوفال في [[Wy/ar/بريدجتاون|بريدجتاون]]، كما يلعب فريق باربادوس رويالز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة هناك. * [[Wy/ar/غيانا|غيانا]]: يلعب المنتخب الوطني وفريق غيانا أمازون ووريورز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب بروفيدنس في [[Wy/ar/جورج تاون (غيانا)|جورج تاون]]. * [[Wy/ar/غرينادا|غرينادا]]: هي القاعدة الرئيسية لفريق جزر ويندوارد، في الملعب الوطني للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/سانت جورجز|سانت جورجز]]. * [[Wy/ar/جامايكا|جامايكا]]: يلعب فريق الجزيرة وفريق جامايكا تالاوّاهز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب سابينا بارك في [[Wy/ar/كينغستون (جامايكا)|كينغستون]]. * [[Wy/ar/سانت كيتس ونيفيس|سانت كيتس]]: تلعب ضمن فريق جزر ليوارد، بينما ينافس فريق سانت كيتس ونيفيس باتريوتس في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب وارنر بارك في [[Wy/ar/باستير|باستير]]. * [[Wy/ar/سانت لوسيا|سانت لوسيا]]: تلعب ضمن فريق جزر ويندوارد، بينما ينافس فريق سانت لوسيا كينغز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة في ملعب دارين سامي للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/غروس إيليت|غروس إيليت]] عند الطرف الشمالي من الجزيرة. * [[Wy/ar/سانت فنسنت والغرينادين|سانت فنسنت]]: تلعب ضمن فريق جزر ويندوارد في ملعب أرنوس فالي في [[Wy/ar/كينغستاون|كينغستاون]]. * [[Wy/ar/ترينيداد وتوباغو|ترينيداد وتوباغو]]: تلعب في ملعب كوينز بارك أوفال في [[Wy/ar/بورت أوف سبين|بورت أوف سبين]]، كما ينافس فريق ترينباغو نايت رايدرز في بطولة الكاريبي الممتازة. ===[[Wy/ar/زيمبابوي|زيمبابوي]]=== أُدخلت اللعبة في القرن التاسع عشر، ونُظمت منذ عام 1898، وشاركت البلاد (باسم روديسيا) في كأس كوري في جنوب أفريقيا. وانقطعت تلك الصلة عند الاستقلال عام 1980، وحصلت البلاد على صفة الاختبارات عام 1992. ومنذ عام 2003، تدخل الرئيس روبرت موغابي في الرياضة، واختار المنتخب الوطني على أسس عرقية وسياسية. وقد أثبت كفاءة في اختيار لاعبي الكريكيت بقدر كفاءته كرجل دولة، وتعرض فريقه لهزائم ساحقة بقدر ما تعرض له الاقتصاد. كانت زيمبابوي على وشك فقدان صفة الاختبارات؛ ورأت السلطات المسؤولة عن الكريكيت أن من المناسب التهرب من اتخاذ هذا القرار، لكن البلاد ظلت لعدة سنوات منبوذة. وقد تعافت تدريجيًا، لكنها ما زالت تقريبًا أضعف فريق يشارك في المباريات الاختبارية. البطولة المحلية الأبرز هي كأس لوغان، التي سُمّيت باسم رجل الأعمال الذي جمع ثروته من خدمات المطاعم في السكك الحديدية بهذه المنطقة. تُقام المباريات الدولية عادةً في نادي هراري الرياضي في العاصمة [[Wy/ar/هراري|هراري]]، وأحيانًا في نادي كوينز الرياضي في [[Wy/ar/بولاوايو|بولاوايو]]. ويُفضّل استضافة مباريات السلاسل الثلاثية في زيمبابوي، كما تخوض الفرق غالبًا مباريات إحماء ضدها. وفي عام 2023، استضافت زيمبابوي بطولة تأهيلية لكأس العالم، لكنها لم تنجح في التأهل بنفسها. == دول مباريات اليوم الواحد == [[File:Cable knit cricket pullover jersey at Epping Foresters Cricket Club.jpg | thumb | 300px | تُصنع السترات الجيدة في اسكتلندا ]] تشكل ثماني دول مستوى ثانيًا، وتلعب مباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية (من 50 جولة) ومباريات من 20 جولة ضد الأعضاء الكاملين وضد بعضها بعضًا، لكنها لا تلعب مباريات اختبارية. وهذه الدول هي كندا وناميبيا ونيبال وهولندا وعُمان واسكتلندا والإمارات العربية المتحدة والولايات المتحدة. * '''[[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]]''' واحدة من دول الكومنولث القليلة التي لم تنتشر فيها الرياضة قط، رغم أن الكريكيت لُعبت في مونتريال عام 1785، وأن أول مباراة دولية في العالم جمعت كندا والولايات المتحدة عام 1844؛ وما زالت هذه المباراة تُقام سنويًا. الملعب الرئيسي هو نادي الكريكيت والتزلج والكيرلنغ في منطقة [[Wy/ar/تورونتو/شمال يورك|شمال يورك]] في تورونتو، مع إقامة مباريات من حين لآخر في نادي مابل ليف للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/كينغ (أونتاريو)|كينغ]] إلى الشمال. * '''[[Wy/ar/ناميبيا|ناميبيا]]''' شاركت في بطولات جنوب أفريقيا باسم جنوب غرب أفريقيا حتى استقلالها عام 1990. توجد ثلاثة ملاعب في العاصمة ويندهوك وملعب واحد في خليج والفيس. وفي عام 2027 ستستضيف ناميبيا كأس العالم بالاشتراك مع جنوب أفريقيا وزيمبابوي. * '''[[Wy/ar/نيبال|نيبال]]''' تلعب الكريكيت من سبتمبر إلى نوفمبر، ومن مارس إلى مايو. وتُقام جميع المباريات الدولية في ملعب جامعة تريبهوفان في [[Wy/ar/كيرتيبور|كيرتيبور]] قرب كاتماندو. * '''[[Wy/ar/هولندا|هولندا]]'''، أو ربما المغتربون الفلمنكيون، هم من اخترعوا اللعبة في العصور الوسطى، ثم أعادتها القوات البريطانية إلى البلاد في أوائل القرن التاسع عشر. أصبحت اللعبة شعبية في سبعينيات القرن التاسع عشر، وخاض المنتخب الوطني مباراته الأولى عام 1881. الملعب المعتاد للمباريات الدولية هو ملعب في آر إيه للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/أمستلفين|أمستلفين]]، وهي منطقة جنوبية من أمستردام. وكانت هولندا قد تأهلت لكأس العالم 2023، لكنها أنهت البطولة في المركز الأخير. * '''[[Wy/ar/عُمان|عُمان]]''' لديها جاليات من المغتربين تشبه تلك الموجودة في الإمارات العربية المتحدة (أدناه)، لكنها تأخرت في تطوير المرافق؛ فقد وُصفت ملاعبها بأنها «مناطق خارجية عشبية معدومة، بنية بالكامل، وعلى شرائط خرسانية مغطاة بعشب صناعي». وقد عولج ذلك عام 2012 ببناء ملعب مخصص في العامرات، على بعد 20 كم داخل البلاد من [[Wy/ar/مسقط|مسقط]]، حيث تُقام الآن جميع المباريات الدولية. * '''[[Wy/ar/اسكتلندا|اسكتلندا]]''' شهدت اللعبة لأول مرة عام 1785، عندما لعب جنود إنجليز في ألووا. (ومن بين جميع التدابير الصارمة التي فُرضت لردع المزيد من تمردات اليعاقبة، كان هذا الإجراء الأكثر نجاحًا.) في ثمانينيات القرن العشرين، لعبت اسكتلندا في المسابقات المحلية الإنجليزية باعتبارها واحدة من «المقاطعات الصغرى»، لكنها غادرت ذلك للانضمام إلى المجلس الدولي للكريكيت عام 1994. تُقام المباريات الدولية عادةً في نادي غرانج للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/إدنبرة/ستوكبريدج وكانونميلز|ستوكبريدج، إدنبرة]]، وأحيانًا في ملعب مانوفيلد بارك في [[Wy/ar/أبردين|أبردين]]. أما إسهام البلاد العظيم الذي لا يُنسب إليه الفضل بما يكفي، فهو أنه إذا كانت لديك سترة كريكيت سميكة محاكة بكابلات، ويفضل أن تكون مرفقيها ملطخين بالعشب لتبدو أصلية، فمن المرجح أنها نُسجت في منطقة باردة من اسكتلندا. أما إذا كانت من الهند فهي رخيصة ورديئة. * '''[[Wy/ar/الإمارات العربية المتحدة|الإمارات العربية المتحدة]]''' تضم أعدادًا كبيرة من المغتربين من شبه القارة الهندية، ولذلك تحظى الكريكيت بشعبية. ومنذ عام 2005، يتخذ المجلس الدولي للكريكيت من دبي مقرًا له؛ وكان ذلك إلى حد كبير لتقليل الضرائب، لكنه جعله أقرب إلى مزيد من الدول التي تمارس الكريكيت، وأنهى هيمنة نادي ماريليبون للكريكيت في لوردز بلندن. الملاعب الرئيسية في الإمارات هي استاد زايد في [[Wy/ar/أبو ظبي|أبو ظبي]]، وملعب مدينة دبي الرياضية للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/دبي|دبي]]، وملعب الشارقة للكريكيت في [[Wy/ar/الشارقة|الشارقة]]. * '''[[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة|الولايات المتحدة]]''' مارست الكريكيت منذ أوائل القرن الثامن عشر، لكنها عُدّت لعبة المستعمرين وخسرت شعبيتها لصالح البيسبول. وتشهد اللعبة عودة في شعبيتها، ويعود ذلك جزئيًا إلى التدفق الكبير للمهاجرين من جنوب آسيا في القرن الحادي والعشرين. وشهد عام 2023 إطلاق بطولة دوري الكريكيت الرئيسي، التي تتنافس فيها فرق لوس أنجلوس نايت رايدرز ومي نيويورك وسان فرانسيسكو يونيكورنز وسياتل أوركاس وتكساس سوبر كينغز وواشنطن فريدوم. أما التفصيل الصغير المتعلق بملاعب هذه الفرق فلم يُحسم، ولذلك أُقيمت جميع المباريات في ملعب غراند برايري في شمال هيوستن بولاية تكساس، وملعب تشيرش ستريت بارك في موريسفيل بولاية كارولاينا الشمالية. ومن المخطط توسيع البطولة إلى عشرة فرق، كما أن دوريًا صغيرًا يضم 27 فريقًا آخر يُقام بالفعل. وفي عام 2024، استضافت الولايات المتحدة كأس العالم للرجال من 20 جولة بالاشتراك مع جزر الهند الغربية، وستتضمن الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية لعام 2028 في لوس أنجلوس منافسات للكريكيت من 20 جولة. == دول أخرى == [[File:Cuba - Inauguracion de la Republica (1902).jpg | thumb | 300px | يزيل المجلس الدولي للكريكيت علم كوبا بعد طردها ]] تمارس 88 دولة أخرى لعبة الكريكيت بصورة منظمة ضمن إطار المجلس الدولي للكريكيت. وهي لا تلعب بانتظام ضد الدول الأعلى مستوى، لكنها مؤهلة للمشاركة في الأدوار التأهيلية للبطولات الكبرى. فعلى سبيل المثال، في كأس العالم 2023، كانت الدول الطامحة إلى التأهل هي برمودا والدنمارك وهونغ كونغ وإيطاليا وكينيا وماليزيا وقطر وسنغافورة وأوغندا وفانواتو وجيرزي وبابوا غينيا الجديدة. ولم يتأهل أي منها إلى النهائيات في الهند. «هذا ليس كريكيت!» – بالنظر إلى بعض التصرفات المشينة التي لم تنل من المجلس الدولي للكريكيت سوى توبيخ بسيط، فلا بد أن تكون لعبة بلد ما غارقة في الفساد الأخلاقي حتى تستحق العقوبة القصوى المتمثلة في الطرد. والدول التي حققت ذلك بطريقة ما هي بروناي وكوبا والمغرب وروسيا وتونغا وزامبيا. ولم تنظم هذه الدول بطولة فيما بينها حتى الآن. في [[Wy/ar/مالايا|مالايا]]، كثيرًا ما أنشأ المستعمرون البريطانيون شكلًا من أشكال الساحات المدنية الاستعمارية يُعرف باسم ''بادانغ'' (وهي كلمة ملايوية تعني «حقلًا»)، أي مساحة عشبية تحيط بها المباني المدنية، إلى جانب نادٍ للكريكيت للمستعمرين البريطانيين. ولا يزال كثير من هذه الأماكن قائمًا، وإن أُعيد استخدامه لأغراض أخرى، لكن المواقع الموجودة في إيبوه وكوالالمبور (المعروفة اليوم باسم ''داتاران ميرديكا'') وسنغافورة ما زالت تُستخدم أحيانًا لمباريات الكريكيت. في [[Wy/ar/اليونان|اليونان]]، نادرًا ما تُمارس الكريكيت، باستثناء جزيرة [[Wy/ar/كورفو|كورفو]] حيث تحظى بمتابعة كبيرة بفضل الوجود البريطاني القصير هناك في القرن التاسع عشر. == افعل == * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/ كأس العالم للكريكيت]''' بطولة لمباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية، تُقام كل أربع سنوات. وستستضيف النسخة المقبلة جنوب أفريقيا و[[Wy/ar/زيمبابوي|زيمبابوي]] و[[Wy/ar/ناميبيا|ناميبيا]] بالاشتراك عام 2027. * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/mens-t20-world-cup-2026 كأس العالم من 20 جولة]''' بطولة دولية من 20 جولة، تُقام كل عامين. وستستضيف أستراليا ونيوزيلندا النسخة المقبلة بالاشتراك عام 2028. * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/champions-trophy-2025 كأس أبطال المجلس الدولي للكريكيت]''' بطولة أخرى لمباريات اليوم الواحد الدولية، تُقام كل أربع سنوات. توقفت مؤقتًا بعد نسخة 2017، لكنها عادت مع نسخة 2025 التي استضافتها باكستان والإمارات العربية المتحدة<ref>وافقت الإمارات العربية المتحدة على استضافة المباريات التي تشارك فيها الهند في ملعب دبي للكريكيت، بعد أن أصدرت الهند بيانًا قالت فيه إنها لن تلعب مباريات في باكستان. أما المباراة الرئيسية نفسها فأُقيمت في الإمارات.</ref>. وستُقام النسخة المقبلة من كأس الأبطال في الهند عام 2029. * '''[https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/world-test-championship بطولة العالم للاختبارات التابعة للمجلس الدولي للكريكيت]''' بطولة اختبارية بين الدول التي تلعب مباريات الاختبار، وتتكون من مرحلة دوري تضم سلاسل اختبارية مختلفة بين الدول (وأشهرها '''الرماد (بين أستراليا وإنجلترا)، وكأس بوردر-غافاسكار (أستراليا والهند)، وكأس أندرسون-تندولكار (إنجلترا والهند)، وكأس غاندي-مانديلا (الهند وجنوب أفريقيا)'''). وبعد مرحلة الدوري، تُقام مرحلة فاصلة ونهائي في ملعب لوردز. * ستُدرج اللعبة ضمن [[Wy/ar/الألعاب الأولمبية|'''الألعاب الأولمبية''']] في [[Wy/ar/لوس أنجلوس|لوس أنجلوس]] عام 2028، وستكون تلك أول عودة لها إلى الألعاب الأولمبية منذ عام 1900 في باريس. في ذلك العام، هزمت بريطانيا العظمى فرنسا بفارق 158 جولة، لتحقق الميدالية الذهبية الأولى والوحيدة في هذه الرياضة. * '''العب بنفسك'''، أو على الأقل اطلب من لاعب كريكيت أن يرمي إليك بعض الكرات. إذا كنت جيدًا في رياضات المضرب، فستعتاد عليها سريعًا. تُسمى منطقة التدريب «الشباك»، وتضم المجمعات الرياضية الكبيرة آلات لرمي الكرات. أما الأندية للهواة فلا تستطيع غالبًا تحمل تكلفة الشبك، ولذلك عليك أن تعود لجلب أي كرة تفشل في ضربها. == انظر أيضًا == * [[Wy/ar/كرة القدم الأمريكية|كرة القدم الأمريكية]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة القدم|كرة القدم]] * [[Wy/ar/البيسبول|البيسبول]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة السلة في أمريكا الشمالية|كرة السلة في أمريكا الشمالية]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة القدم في أوروبا|كرة القدم في أوروبا]] * [[Wy/ar/كرة اليد في أوروبا|كرة اليد في أوروبا]] * [[Wy/ar/هوكي الجليد في أمريكا الشمالية|هوكي الجليد في أمريكا الشمالية]] * [[Wy/ar/الألعاب الأولمبية|الألعاب الأولمبية]] * [[Wy/ar/اتحاد الرغبي|اتحاد الرغبي]] {{Wy/ar/Geo|18|33|zoom=3}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|الرياضات}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5375}} eicw6dm73i6apikhybtzskwi0tp54lk 0 3830890 7386675 2026-11-10T08:13:46Z Sekiyen 2692190 Created page with "[[File:Angler at devizes england arp.jpg|thumb|buthara haha]] '''butha''' serengge [[Wp/mnc/nimaha|nimaha]] be jafara jalin yabure baita kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]]" 7386675 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Angler at devizes england arp.jpg|thumb|buthara haha]] '''butha''' serengge [[Wp/mnc/nimaha|nimaha]] be jafara jalin yabure baita kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] el99fax4cpa3j1g8itkxgfaxquvpkus 7386676 7386675 2026-11-10T08:14:13Z Sekiyen 2692190 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q14373]] 7386676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Angler at devizes england arp.jpg|thumb|buthara haha]] '''butha''' serengge [[Wp/mnc/nimaha|nimaha]] be jafara jalin yabure baita kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q14373}} 02133i6bbuk8p7n6trq7pjz0u9h94c8 7386677 7386676 2026-11-10T08:17:41Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386677 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Angler at devizes england arp.jpg|thumb|buthara haha]] '''butha''' serengge [[Wp/mnc/nimaha|nimaha]] be jafara jalin yabure baita kai. sargan ci eimere eigen i amuran i emke. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q14373}} hx3pls2mf1yk5nzsvxyh4ppffo5w0ar 0 3830891 7386678 2026-11-10T08:23:41Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boguédia''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Issia lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti Boguédia klɔ’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] mehzugn62caanab1wbdczopskouc3iy 7386680 7386678 2026-11-10T08:24:18Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q2908772]] 7386680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boguédia''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Issia lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti Boguédia klɔ’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2908772}} ep51waactevl8d9lwurz7n8c81khfcl 0 3830892 7386679 2026-11-10T08:24:05Z Sekiyen 2692190 Created page with "[[File:Wong Fei-hung - Kwong Kei-tim.jpg|thumb|hūwang fei hūng]] '''hūwang fei hūng''' serengge dulimbai gurun i [[Wp/mnc/Kung Fu|kung fu]] niyalma kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]]" 7386679 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wong Fei-hung - Kwong Kei-tim.jpg|thumb|hūwang fei hūng]] '''hūwang fei hūng''' serengge dulimbai gurun i [[Wp/mnc/Kung Fu|kung fu]] niyalma kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] k0gytrqlr01qslfuopwc66ta2tp555n 7386681 7386679 2026-11-10T08:24:45Z Sekiyen 2692190 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q317869]] 7386681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wong Fei-hung - Kwong Kei-tim.jpg|thumb|hūwang fei hūng]] '''hūwang fei hūng''' serengge dulimbai gurun i [[Wp/mnc/Kung Fu|kung fu]] niyalma kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q317869}} fb74zc07qb33gpte6vuly3qq1hwl0oz 0 3830893 7386684 2026-11-10T08:28:05Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iboguhé''' ti lika kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Issia lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] 74ihthv4sg4ajyqz1c7ozj4r19fce9d 7386686 7386684 2026-11-10T08:30:08Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3147473]] 7386686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iboguhé''' ti lika kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Issia lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3147473}} sfoblpxljjvs1b7tzw4wmtra9vow4jm 0 3830894 7386687 2026-11-10T08:33:25Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386687 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tapéguia''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Issia lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] dil934qk2rlprol7r3cs25xjcx7labu 7386688 7386687 2026-11-10T08:33:53Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3515536]] 7386688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tapéguia''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Issia lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3515536}} 2uufcrfjgo2yyac86vj8g5f3xsfhsz8 0 3830895 7386696 2026-11-10T08:47:00Z Sekiyen 2692190 Created page with "[[File:AYool topography 15min.png|thumb|namhu i olhon se]] '''olhon''' (陆地) serengge mederi ci dele de bisire na be sembi. [[Category:Wp/mnc]]" 7386696 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AYool topography 15min.png|thumb|namhu i olhon se]] '''olhon''' (陆地) serengge mederi ci dele de bisire na be sembi. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] 619qsnzarqxuocst23cd31wfwzn19th 0 3830896 7386703 2026-11-10T08:49:46Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gogoguhé''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Issia lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] r4ipioi1ydlp3re5mm70xujztwlo82r 7386705 7386703 2026-11-10T08:50:19Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3109874]] 7386705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gogoguhé''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Issia lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3109874}} dwo9bp0f35k8md7mzf5yx6tfzjdxsbl 0 3830897 7386708 2026-11-10T08:52:02Z MOIBARDE 2609392 Created page with "'''Niiseer''' (Nee-ZHAIR, seeɗa NY-jer) ko leydi mawndi, joorndi, ndi alaa geec, ndi woni ko e Sahel. Naane ko koloni Farayse, Niiseer ina jeyaa e leyɗe ɓurɗe waasde e winndere ndee, tee ɓuri heewde ko ndema. Geɗe bonɗe e bannge, Nijeriyankooɓe e kuuɓal ko sehilaaɓe no feewi e dow-dowre, aɗa waawi ɗaminaade arde e jeese keewɗe curious e nder dumunna mo ngon-ɗaa oo. Ina gasa tawa ko aan woni neɗɗo gadano ummoriiɗo leydi maa mo ɓe meeɗi hawrude. Turismo..." 7386708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niiseer''' (Nee-ZHAIR, seeɗa NY-jer) ko leydi mawndi, joorndi, ndi alaa geec, ndi woni ko e Sahel. Naane ko koloni Farayse, Niiseer ina jeyaa e leyɗe ɓurɗe waasde e winndere ndee, tee ɓuri heewde ko ndema. Geɗe bonɗe e bannge, Nijeriyankooɓe e kuuɓal ko sehilaaɓe no feewi e dow-dowre, aɗa waawi ɗaminaade arde e jeese keewɗe curious e nder dumunna mo ngon-ɗaa oo. Ina gasa tawa ko aan woni neɗɗo gadano ummoriiɗo leydi maa mo ɓe meeɗi hawrude. Turismo e nder ndii leydi mawndi ina famɗi, kono yah-ngartaa ina addana on yiylaade leñol ngol ina woɗɗi aduna oo == Faama (understand) == Faggudu leydi Niiseer ina tuugnii e ndema nguura, e ndema daabaaji, e njulaagu njulaagu, e ɓeydagol ŋakkeende uranium, sabu ustaare ɗaɓɓaande winndere ndee. Devaluation 50% e faraŋ Afrik hirnaange e lewru Yarkomaa 1994, ɓeydii njeeygu jawdi, cowɗi, tiggu, e geɗe njulaagu tokoose Niiseer. Laamu nguu ina tuugii e ballal leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee e leyɗeele keewɗe — ngal dartinaa caggal kuudetaa e lewru abriil 1999 — ngam yoɓde golle e ballal laamu. E hitaande 2000-01, Banke Adunanke jaɓii ñamaande njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi fotde 105 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde wallitde peewnugol kaalis. Kono tan, peeje moƴƴe ina mbaawi saɗtude so en ƴeewii ngonka kaalis laamu nguu. FMI jaɓii 73 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam ustude baasal e ɓeydude baasal wonande Niiseer e hitaande 2000, o habri kadi 115 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam ustude ñamaale e nder eɓɓaande leyɗeele baasal ɓurɗe heewde ñamaale (HIPC). Niiseer woni leydi ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi waasde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum woni leydi ɓurndi famɗude tolno nguura e winndere nde. Yimbe Niiseer ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 25 miliyoŋ neɗɗo. Hawsankooɓe (Zarma en e Songhai en) ko leƴƴi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder leydi Niiseer. Ko ɓuri 20% e yimɓe leydi Nijeer ko leƴƴi koɗdiiɗo e jawdi, ina heen Fulɓe, Tuwaareg en, Wodaabe en, Kanuri en, Aarabeeɓe e Toubou en. Ngewte Ɗemngal laawɗungal e nder leydi Nijeer ko Farayse, hay so tawii noon seeɗa e yimɓe ina kaala ɗum caggal Niamey e hay toon ɓe ɗaminaaki yeewtere toownde e yeeyooɓe e nder luumooji ɗii. Ɗemɗe nokku oo ina njeyaa heen Djerma (ko ɓuri heewde haaleede ko e Niamey e diiwanuuji Tillaberi e Dosso keeriiɗi ɗii), Hawsa, Fulfulde e Tamashek (Tuwaareg en kaalata ko to worgo), e Kanuri (ko Beri Beri haali). Engele alaa ko nafata so wonaa nokku pinal Amerik e oteluuji mawɗi seeɗa to Niamey. Kono, aɗa tawa haalooɓe Engele e nder gure keeriije e keerol leydi Najeriya, ko wayi no Birni N Konni e Maradi. Ɓee yimɓe ina keewi ummoraade Naajeeriya haa fuɗnaange e nder kuuɓal ina njiɗi huunde e mon. No ɓe mbaawirta wonde sehilaaɓe, sahaa kala heɗto ardotooɗo karallaagal dow kala kaaloowo won e ɗemngal Engele. So a janngii fotde 20 konngol e ɗemngal nokku, aɗa heɓa teddungal e nder dogdu ɓernde. Salminde yimɓe tan e ɗemngal mum en, maa yahdu maa toon ɓurndu welde no cikkuɗaa ni Konnguɗi Zarma/Djerma ɓurɗi teeŋtude: Fofo: on njaaraama Mate ni yah? (mah-tay nee yaha?): Honno ngon-ɗaa? Samay (saw-yitere): Ko moƴƴi Gorko alaa...? Toy woni...? Ay ga ba… (Yite gah bah): Mi yiɗi… Wo-ne: Oon gooto Hoosi. Ay mana faham (yitere) MAH fah-ham: Mi faamaani. KaLA-tonton: A jaaraama Konnguɗi Hausa ɓurɗi teeŋtude: Sannu: On njaaraama Mi sunanka: Hoi no mbiyete maa? Kana LA-hiya: Hol no ngonir-ɗaa? LA-hiya LO: Ko ɗum fof moƴƴi. Na GO-day: On njaaraama Sai Anjima: On njaaraama Na GO-ñalngu, Na KO-shi: On njaaraama, mi heewi. (Jaabawol neɗɗaŋke so aɗa rokka ñaamde aɗa hula ñaamde) Won e kelme Arab kadi ina keewi: salam-u-laikum, ɗum firti ko "jam won e mon", ɗum huutortee ko e leydi Nijeer so a naatii galle walla a salminii neɗɗo al hamdallaye, ɗum firti ko e Nijeernaajo "Barke, ɗum timmi." Ina waawi kadi firtude "alaa yettoode." Ko sakkitii koo kadi ina waawi yaltinde ma e waasde safrude ñaamdu ina waawi wonde dirtuɗo, walla e ñaamde e galle goɗɗo haa reedu maa fuɗa. In-shah-allah, ɗum firti ko « so Alla jaɓii ». Yeru, "Mi warat njillu e galle maa in-shah-allah." == Naata (Get in) == Visaaji Visaaji ina ɗaɓɓiree denndaangal ɓiɓɓe leydi so wonaa: Yimɓe leyɗeele Afrik ko wayi no Benin, Burkina Faso, Kap Verde, Republique Centre-Africaine, Caad, Kodduwaar, Gammbi, Gana, Gine, Gine-Bisaawo, Liberiya, Mali, Moritani, Maruk, Nijeer, Ruwannda, Senegaal, Siyeraa Leyoon, Hogo e Tuunus kam e ɓeen Hoɗɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe jogiiɗe Permis de Séjour walla Visa de Séjour laaɓtuɗo Yahooɓe transit jokkuɓe yahdu mum en e nder waktuuji 24 ɓe njaltataa e laana ndiwoowa Seedantaagal hakkunde leyɗeele ngam ñawndude ñawu nguu ina foti wonde, kono seedantaagal ñawbuuli kolera ina ɗaɓɓiree tan so tawii ko neɗɗo ummoriiɗo e leydi hoɗdiiɓe ɗo ñawu nguu feeñi. To konsulaa London Niger, wiisaaji naatgol gootol ko GBP120, GBP220 ɗiɗi e wiisaaji naatgol keewɗi baawɗi huutoreede fotde hitaande wootere ko GBP260. Yahooɓe e leydi ina mbaawi heɓde wiisaaji to konsulaa to Parakou, to leydi Benin. Adres otel to Niiseer ina ɗaɓɓiree, konsul oo maa rokku visa balɗe 30 e 22 500 CFA (€34) e nokku hee (janvier 2019). Ambassade Naajeeriya haa Abuja, Naajeeriya ɗon hokka balɗe 90, visa nastugo 20,000 NGN (€39), balɗe 180 boo ɗon mari ceede ɓurduɗe. Sarɗiiji ɗii ko fotooji ɗiɗi paaspoor e tuugnorgal to leydi Niiseer. Ɓe nelda ɗaɓɓaande maa to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe to Niamey, ko heewi heen ko juuti ngam jaabaade. Kono so a faamniima wonde a juutii e waktu ɓe keewi weltaade e rokkude ma visa no fotiri fof (Novembre 2016). Visa balɗe 30 ummoraade e ammbasadeer Niiseer to Wagadugu Burkina Faso ina yoɓee 25 000 CFA =34£. E laana ndiwoowa Caggal kuudetaa konu e lewru sulyee 2023, weeyo leydi Niger uddaama e laaɗe diwooje Farayse. Ko Niamey woni boowal laaɗe diwooje hakkunde leyɗeele gootal (Aéroport international Diori Hamani de Niamey). Haa e lewru ut 2017, won diwooje ummortooɗe laamorgo Afrik hirnaange e worgo, hono Istanbul, e Pari. Air Algerie ina ummoo Alseri laabi seeɗa e nder yontere (heen sahaaji ina waɗi jolngo to Wagadugu). Laabi diwooje Asky e Air Burkina ina njokkondiri Niamey e Wagadugu Air Côte d'Ivoire ina ummoo Abijaan ñalnde kala Laana ndiwoowa Ecoppi ina ummoo Addis Abeba laabi seeɗa e nder yontere Afriquiyah ina jokkondiri e Niamey e Tiripoli (Mitiga) laabi seeɗa e nder yontere Royal Air Maroc ina diwa fotde ñalnde kala ummoraade Kasablanka Laana ndiwoowa Asky e Air France ina ummoo Lomé Kampaniiji diwooje Turki ina ndokka diwooje ummoraade Istanbul (IST) rewrude e Bamako Tuunus ina jokkondiri e Niamey e Tuunus Won sosiyeteeji seeɗa keertiiɗi e fedde wootere diwooje (SIMAir) waɗooɓe diwooje charter ummoraade Niamey e diwooje tokoose. E oto Libi "e sahaa" uddii keeri mum leydi e Niiseer ñalnde 16 desaambar 2012. Laaɓaani hol nde keeri ɗii uddittetee. Yahooɓe ina mbaawi yettaade leydi Nijeer e dow laabi ummoraade Mali, Burkinaa, Benin e Nijeer. Won e ruuhuuji ƴaañooɓe ina taƴa Sahara haa jooni gila fuɗnaange (Alseri), kono oon nokku alaa kisal. No ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji Sahara e Sahel keddiiɗi ɗii nii, keeri Niiseer ko goonga ko "laabi e nder ceene" tan, ko noon kadi ina ɓuuɓi no feewi. E nder ngonkaaji kisal kulɓiniiɗi e nder leyɗeele hoɗdiiɓe (c.f. Mali, Burkina Faso, Caad, worgo leydi Nijeer, e Libi), hareeji ina mbaawi ruttaade e nder leydi Niiseer, tee ina waɗi heen miijo huuɓtodinngo ngo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa sariyaaji e nder keeri leydi ndii, haa teeŋti noon e nder nokkuuji Saharaa leydi ndii. Ina gasa tawa ina selli wiyde wonde, tuggi 2023, hay keeri leydi gooto fotaani hiiseede ko selli ngam taƴde. E oto Won sosiyeteeji keertiiɗi keewɗi baɗooji otooji ummoraade Niiseer feewde leyɗeele hoɗdiiɓe haa arti noon e Dakaar e Nuwaksoot (yeru Rimbo Transport Voyageurs walla SONEF). Ko golle ñalnde kala feewde Lomé e Cotonou (dartaade Paraku e won e gure gonɗe e laawol ngol), kam e Abijaan, Bamako, Dakaar, Nuwaaksot (fof rewrude e Wagadugu). Sarwiis feewde Gao to Mali dartinaama ngam kisal. Ticketuuji ina mbaawi soodeede e sosiyeteeji ɗii walla e birooji yeeyooɓe. Haa keerol lesdi Naajeeriya woodi minibusji e taksiiji lesdi ndin jokkindirki Maradi e Zinder bee Katsina e Kano. No woorunoo a alaa e sago mbayla oto to keeri. == Yah yeeso (Go next) == [[Category:Wy/ff]] 5edidtbcu2yirfr1x6nr53xm4386huw 7386723 7386708 2026-11-10T08:59:50Z MOIBARDE 2609392 7386723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niiseer''' (Nee-ZHAIR, seeɗa NY-jer) ko leydi mawndi, joorndi, ndi alaa geec, ndi woni ko e Sahel. Naane ko koloni Farayse, Niiseer ina jeyaa e leyɗe ɓurɗe waasde e winndere ndee, tee ɓuri heewde ko ndema. Geɗe bonɗe e bannge, Nijeriyankooɓe e kuuɓal ko sehilaaɓe no feewi e dow-dowre, aɗa waawi ɗaminaade arde e jeese keewɗe curious e nder dumunna mo ngon-ɗaa oo. Ina gasa tawa ko aan woni neɗɗo gadano ummoriiɗo leydi maa mo ɓe meeɗi hawrude. Turismo e nder ndii leydi mawndi ina famɗi, kono yah-ngartaa ina addana on yiylaade leñol ngol ina woɗɗi aduna oo == Faama (understand) == Faggudu leydi Niiseer ina tuugnii e ndema nguura, e ndema daabaaji, e njulaagu njulaagu, e ɓeydagol ŋakkeende uranium, sabu ustaare ɗaɓɓaande winndere ndee. Devaluation 50% e faraŋ Afrik hirnaange e lewru Yarkomaa 1994, ɓeydii njeeygu jawdi, cowɗi, tiggu, e geɗe njulaagu tokoose Niiseer. Laamu nguu ina tuugii e ballal leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee e leyɗeele keewɗe — ngal dartinaa caggal kuudetaa e lewru abriil 1999 — ngam yoɓde golle e ballal laamu. E hitaande 2000-01, Banke Adunanke jaɓii ñamaande njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi fotde 105 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde wallitde peewnugol kaalis. Kono tan, peeje moƴƴe ina mbaawi saɗtude so en ƴeewii ngonka kaalis laamu nguu. FMI jaɓii 73 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam ustude baasal e ɓeydude baasal wonande Niiseer e hitaande 2000, o habri kadi 115 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam ustude ñamaale e nder eɓɓaande leyɗeele baasal ɓurɗe heewde ñamaale (HIPC). Niiseer woni leydi ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi waasde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum woni leydi ɓurndi famɗude tolno nguura e winndere nde. === Yimbe === Niiseer ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 25 miliyoŋ neɗɗo. Hawsankooɓe (Zarma en e Songhai en) ko leƴƴi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder leydi Niiseer. Ko ɓuri 20% e yimɓe leydi Nijeer ko leƴƴi koɗdiiɗo e jawdi, ina heen Fulɓe, Tuwaareg en, Wodaabe en, Kanuri en, Aarabeeɓe e Toubou en. === Ngewte === Ɗemngal laawɗungal e nder leydi Nijeer ko Farayse, hay so tawii noon seeɗa e yimɓe ina kaala ɗum caggal Niamey e hay toon ɓe ɗaminaaki yeewtere toownde e yeeyooɓe e nder luumooji ɗii. Ɗemɗe nokku oo ina njeyaa heen Djerma (ko ɓuri heewde haaleede ko e Niamey e diiwanuuji Tillaberi e Dosso keeriiɗi ɗii), Hawsa, Fulfulde e Tamashek (Tuwaareg en kaalata ko to worgo), e Kanuri (ko Beri Beri haali). Engele alaa ko nafata so wonaa nokku pinal Amerik e oteluuji mawɗi seeɗa to Niamey. Kono, aɗa tawa haalooɓe Engele e nder gure keeriije e keerol leydi Najeriya, ko wayi no Birni N Konni e Maradi. Ɓee yimɓe ina keewi ummoraade Naajeeriya haa fuɗnaange e nder kuuɓal ina njiɗi huunde e mon. No ɓe mbaawirta wonde sehilaaɓe, sahaa kala heɗto ardotooɗo karallaagal dow kala kaaloowo won e ɗemngal Engele. So a janngii fotde 20 konngol e ɗemngal nokku, aɗa heɓa teddungal e nder dogdu ɓernde. Salminde yimɓe tan e ɗemngal mum en, maa yahdu maa toon ɓurndu welde no cikkuɗaa ni Konnguɗi Zarma/Djerma ɓurɗi teeŋtude: Fofo: on njaaraama Mate ni yah? (mah-tay nee yaha?): Honno ngon-ɗaa? Samay (saw-yitere): Ko moƴƴi Gorko alaa...? Toy woni...? Ay ga ba… (Yite gah bah): Mi yiɗi… Wo-ne: Oon gooto Hoosi. Ay mana faham (yitere) MAH fah-ham: Mi faamaani. KaLA-tonton: A jaaraama Konnguɗi Hausa ɓurɗi teeŋtude: Sannu: On njaaraama Mi sunanka: Hoi no mbiyete maa? Kana LA-hiya: Hol no ngonir-ɗaa? LA-hiya LO: Ko ɗum fof moƴƴi. Na GO-day: On njaaraama Sai Anjima: On njaaraama Na GO-ñalngu, Na KO-shi: On njaaraama, mi heewi. (Jaabawol neɗɗaŋke so aɗa rokka ñaamde aɗa hula ñaamde) Won e kelme Arab kadi ina keewi: salam-u-laikum, ɗum firti ko "jam won e mon", ɗum huutortee ko e leydi Nijeer so a naatii galle walla a salminii neɗɗo al hamdallaye, ɗum firti ko e Nijeernaajo "Barke, ɗum timmi." Ina waawi kadi firtude "alaa yettoode." Ko sakkitii koo kadi ina waawi yaltinde ma e waasde safrude ñaamdu ina waawi wonde dirtuɗo, walla e ñaamde e galle goɗɗo haa reedu maa fuɗa. In-shah-allah, ɗum firti ko « so Alla jaɓii ». Yeru, "Mi warat njillu e galle maa in-shah-allah." == Naata (Get in) == === Visaaji === Visaaji ina ɗaɓɓiree denndaangal ɓiɓɓe leydi so wonaa: Yimɓe leyɗeele Afrik ko wayi no Benin, Burkina Faso, Kap Verde, Republique Centre-Africaine, Caad, Kodduwaar, Gammbi, Gana, Gine, Gine-Bisaawo, Liberiya, Mali, Moritani, Maruk, Nijeer, Ruwannda, Senegaal, Siyeraa Leyoon, Hogo e Tuunus kam e ɓeen Hoɗɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe jogiiɗe Permis de Séjour walla Visa de Séjour laaɓtuɗo Yahooɓe transit jokkuɓe yahdu mum en e nder waktuuji 24 ɓe njaltataa e laana ndiwoowa Seedantaagal hakkunde leyɗeele ngam ñawndude ñawu nguu ina foti wonde, kono seedantaagal ñawbuuli kolera ina ɗaɓɓiree tan so tawii ko neɗɗo ummoriiɗo e leydi hoɗdiiɓe ɗo ñawu nguu feeñi. To konsulaa London Niger, wiisaaji naatgol gootol ko GBP120, GBP220 ɗiɗi e wiisaaji naatgol keewɗi baawɗi huutoreede fotde hitaande wootere ko GBP260. Yahooɓe e leydi ina mbaawi heɓde wiisaaji to konsulaa to Parakou, to leydi Benin. Adres otel to Niiseer ina ɗaɓɓiree, konsul oo maa rokku visa balɗe 30 e 22 500 CFA (€34) e nokku hee (janvier 2019). Ambassade Naajeeriya haa Abuja, Naajeeriya ɗon hokka balɗe 90, visa nastugo 20,000 NGN (€39), balɗe 180 boo ɗon mari ceede ɓurduɗe. Sarɗiiji ɗii ko fotooji ɗiɗi paaspoor e tuugnorgal to leydi Niiseer. Ɓe nelda ɗaɓɓaande maa to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe to Niamey, ko heewi heen ko juuti ngam jaabaade. Kono so a faamniima wonde a juutii e waktu ɓe keewi weltaade e rokkude ma visa no fotiri fof (Novembre 2016). Visa balɗe 30 ummoraade e ammbasadeer Niiseer to Wagadugu Burkina Faso ina yoɓee 25 000 CFA =34£. E laana ndiwoowa Caggal kuudetaa konu e lewru sulyee 2023, weeyo leydi Niger uddaama e laaɗe diwooje Farayse. Ko Niamey woni boowal laaɗe diwooje hakkunde leyɗeele gootal (Aéroport international Diori Hamani de Niamey). Haa e lewru ut 2017, won diwooje ummortooɗe laamorgo Afrik hirnaange e worgo, hono Istanbul, e Pari. Air Algerie ina ummoo Alseri laabi seeɗa e nder yontere (heen sahaaji ina waɗi jolngo to Wagadugu). Laabi diwooje Asky e Air Burkina ina njokkondiri Niamey e Wagadugu Air Côte d'Ivoire ina ummoo Abijaan ñalnde kala Laana ndiwoowa Ecoppi ina ummoo Addis Abeba laabi seeɗa e nder yontere Afriquiyah ina jokkondiri e Niamey e Tiripoli (Mitiga) laabi seeɗa e nder yontere Royal Air Maroc ina diwa fotde ñalnde kala ummoraade Kasablanka Laana ndiwoowa Asky e Air France ina ummoo Lomé Kampaniiji diwooje Turki ina ndokka diwooje ummoraade Istanbul (IST) rewrude e Bamako Tuunus ina jokkondiri e Niamey e Tuunus Won sosiyeteeji seeɗa keertiiɗi e fedde wootere diwooje (SIMAir) waɗooɓe diwooje charter ummoraade Niamey e diwooje tokoose. === E oto === Libi "e sahaa" uddii keeri mum leydi e Niiseer ñalnde 16 desaambar 2012. Laaɓaani hol nde keeri ɗii uddittetee. Yahooɓe ina mbaawi yettaade leydi Nijeer e dow laabi ummoraade Mali, Burkinaa, Benin e Nijeer. Won e ruuhuuji ƴaañooɓe ina taƴa Sahara haa jooni gila fuɗnaange (Alseri), kono oon nokku alaa kisal. No ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji Sahara e Sahel keddiiɗi ɗii nii, keeri Niiseer ko goonga ko "laabi e nder ceene" tan, ko noon kadi ina ɓuuɓi no feewi. E nder ngonkaaji kisal kulɓiniiɗi e nder leyɗeele hoɗdiiɓe (c.f. Mali, Burkina Faso, Caad, worgo leydi Nijeer, e Libi), hareeji ina mbaawi ruttaade e nder leydi Niiseer, tee ina waɗi heen miijo huuɓtodinngo ngo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa sariyaaji e nder keeri leydi ndii, haa teeŋti noon e nder nokkuuji Saharaa leydi ndii. Ina gasa tawa ina selli wiyde wonde, tuggi 2023, hay keeri leydi gooto fotaani hiiseede ko selli ngam taƴde. == E oto == Won sosiyeteeji keertiiɗi keewɗi baɗooji otooji ummoraade Niiseer feewde leyɗeele hoɗdiiɓe haa arti noon e Dakaar e Nuwaksoot (yeru Rimbo Transport Voyageurs walla SONEF). Ko golle ñalnde kala feewde Lomé e Cotonou (dartaade Paraku e won e gure gonɗe e laawol ngol), kam e Abijaan, Bamako, Dakaar, Nuwaaksot (fof rewrude e Wagadugu). Sarwiis feewde Gao to Mali dartinaama ngam kisal. Ticketuuji ina mbaawi soodeede e sosiyeteeji ɗii walla e birooji yeeyooɓe. Haa keerol lesdi Naajeeriya woodi minibusji e taksiiji lesdi ndin jokkindirki Maradi e Zinder bee Katsina e Kano. No woorunoo a alaa e sago mbayla oto to keeri. == Yah yeeso (Go next) == [[Category:Wy/ff]] 6u6clniwlkhi1mfs44vn5279x0lxkuv 0 3830898 7386709 2026-11-10T08:53:12Z Sekiyen 2692190 Created page with "[[File:Right side view of a Soviet MiG-31 Foxhound.jpg|thumb|soviet i untuhun cooha i MiG-31]] '''untuhun cooha''' (空军) serengge deyere agūra be baitalara cooha i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]]" 7386709 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Right side view of a Soviet MiG-31 Foxhound.jpg|thumb|soviet i untuhun cooha i MiG-31]] '''untuhun cooha''' (空军) serengge deyere agūra be baitalara cooha i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] b3xeygzp728esuhjf75ktlmdmzp10zg 7386714 7386709 2026-11-10T08:55:12Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386714 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Right side view of a Soviet MiG-31 Foxhound.jpg|thumb|soviet i untuhun cooha i MiG-31]] '''untuhun cooha''' (空军/air force) serengge deyere agūra be baitalara cooha i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] sx5qf9p14kvn7evpyibj6avlvgt0exk 7386715 7386714 2026-11-10T08:55:18Z Sekiyen 2692190 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q61883]] 7386715 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Right side view of a Soviet MiG-31 Foxhound.jpg|thumb|soviet i untuhun cooha i MiG-31]] '''untuhun cooha''' (空军/air force) serengge deyere agūra be baitalara cooha i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q61883}} 78k1fdnklqz4pjykfeimah9akqz8mdv 7386716 7386715 2026-11-10T08:55:30Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386716 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Right side view of a Soviet MiG-31 Foxhound.jpg|thumb|soviet i untuhun cooha i MiG-31]] '''untuhun cooha''' (空军/air force) serengge deyere agūra be baitalara [[Wp/mnc/cooha|cooha]] i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q61883}} kgwdqbpmzl2iizasjlx7mam5sf1iyat 0 3830899 7386710 2026-11-10T08:53:30Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tézié''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Issia lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Tézié yɛ ɔ ti i bɔbɔ i klɔ’n i klɔ dan’n niɔn. [[Category:Wp/bci]] 3xbs1sbc6vwt88ut10litjkui0qi9yb 7386711 7386710 2026-11-10T08:54:08Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3546896]] 7386711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tézié''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Issia lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Tézié yɛ ɔ ti i bɔbɔ i klɔ’n i klɔ dan’n niɔn. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3546896}} ra4pzxjdme0xrzif4q6gi0ujn1eqlkc 0 3830900 7386719 2026-11-10T08:56:35Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dania''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Vavoua i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Dania ti i bɔbɔ i klɔ’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] fecxw74dqhoolt9jit1sz99qbfglgew 7386720 7386719 2026-11-10T08:57:04Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q1237800]] 7386720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dania''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Vavoua i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Dania ti i bɔbɔ i klɔ’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1237800}} kfpl2fqqxqox4a07scd9gfa04ufvax2 0 3830901 7386721 2026-11-10T08:58:54Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 பிருந்தாவனம்-தமிழில் மொழிபெயர்க்கப்பட்டது 7386721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Vrindavan banner.jpg|pgname=பிருந்தாவனம்}} பிருந்தாவனம் (वृंदावन Vr̥ndāvan), பிருந்தாவனம் என்றும் உச்சரிக்கப்படுகிறது, இது இந்தியாவின் உத்தரபிரதேச மாநிலத்தின் பிரஜ் பகுதியில் யமுனை நதிக்கரையில் உள்ள ஒரு புனித நகரமாகும். == பிற சேருமிடங்கள் == == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == யமுனை நதிக்கரையில் அமைந்துள்ள பிருந்தாவனம், இந்துக்களின் கடவுளான கிருஷ்ணர் தனது குழந்தைப் பருவத்தைக் கழித்த அதே வனப்பகுதியில்தான் அமைந்துள்ளது. இங்கு பல நிகழ்வுகள் நடந்ததாகக் குறிப்பிடப்படுகின்றன: கிருஷ்ணர் கோபிகைகளுடன் தெய்வீக நடனம் (மகா ராஸ்) ஆடியதும், தனது காதலி ராதையுடன் தெய்வீக அன்பைப் பகிர்ந்து கொண்டதும், தன்னை அடைய வேண்டி பிரார்த்தித்த கோபிகைகளின் ஆடைகளைக் கவர்ந்ததும், வரிசையாக வந்த பல அரக்கர்களை அழித்ததும் இங்குதான் நிகழ்ந்தன. இதன் விளைவாக, இது இந்துக்களின் மிக முக்கியமான புனிதத் தலங்களில் ஒன்றாகத் திகழ்கிறது; இங்கு சுமார் 5,000-க்கும் மேற்பட்ட கோயில்கள் இருப்பதாகக் கூறப்படுகிறது. காலப்போக்கில் பிருந்தாவனத்தின் சாராம்சம் மறைந்துவிட்டதாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. பின்னர், 16-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் ஸ்ரீ சைதன்ய மகாபிரபுவால் அது மீண்டும் கண்டறியப்பட்டது. கி.பி. 1515-ஆம் ஆண்டில், ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணரின் திவ்ய லீலைகளுடன் தொடர்புடைய புனித இடங்களைத் தேடிக் கண்டறியும் நோக்கத்தில், ஸ்ரீ சைதன்ய மகாபிரபு பிருந்தாவனத்திற்கு வருகை தந்தார். அவர் பிருந்தாவனத்தின் பல்வேறு புனிதக் காடுகளில், தெய்வீக அன்பினால் விளைந்த ஆன்மீகப் பரவச நிலையில் சுற்றித் திரிந்தார். தமது திவ்யமான ஆன்மீக சக்தியின் மூலம், பிருந்தாவனத்திலும் அதைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளிலும் அமைந்திருந்த, ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணரின் லீலைகளுடன் தொடர்புடைய அனைத்து முக்கிய இடங்களையும் அவரால் கண்டறிய முடிந்தது. வைஷ்ணவர்கள், குறிப்பாக கிருஷ்ண பக்தர்கள், பூமியில் உள்ள பிருந்தாவனத்தை, பகவான் கிருஷ்ணரின் நித்திய இருப்பிடமான 'கோலோக பிருந்தாவன தாமத்தின்' ஒரு வெளிப்பாடாகக் கருதுகின்றனர். பிருந்தாவனத்தை ஒரு சாதாரண சுற்றுலாத் தலமாகப் பார்ப்பதை விட, ஸ்ரீ கிருஷ்ணரை மட்டுமே மனதில் நினைத்துக்கொண்டு, ஒவ்வொரு அடி எடுத்து வைக்கும்போதும் அவரை ஸ்மரித்துக்கொண்டு இங்கு செல்வதே மிகச் சிறந்த அனுபவத்தைத் தரும். இந்து மதத்தைச் சேர்ந்த அனைத்து மகான்களும் தங்கள் வாழ்நாளில் ஒருமுறையாவது பிருந்தாவனத்திற்கு வருகை தந்துள்ளனர் என்று சொன்னால் அது மிகையாகாது. இன்றும் கூட, இங்குள்ள உள்ளூர் மக்கள் பலர் தங்கள் அன்றாடச் செயல்பாடுகளின் போது ராதா மற்றும் கிருஷ்ணரின் நாமங்களை இடைவிடாது உச்சரித்துக் கொண்டிருக்கின்றனர். ஆன்மீகத்தில் ஆழ்ந்த ஈடுபாடு கொண்ட, பகவான் கிருஷ்ணரின் மீது மிகுந்த பக்தி கொண்ட பக்தர்கள், இந்தியாவின் பல்வேறு பகுதிகளிலிருந்து இன்றும் தொடர்ந்து பிருந்தாவனத்திற்கு வருகை தருகின்றனர். பிருந்தாவனம் 'விதவைகளுக்கான புகலிடம்' என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. இந்து மரபுப்படி, விதவைகள் மறுமணம் செய்துகொள்வதில்லை; மாறாக, அவர்கள் தங்கள் வாழ்நாளை ஆன்மீக விடுதலைக்கான தேடலில் செலவிடுகின்றனர். கணவர் இறந்த பிறகு, தங்கள் குடும்பத்தினரை விட்டு வெளியேறிய அல்லது குடும்பத்தினரால் கைவிடப்பட்ட பல பெண்கள், இந்த இடத்திற்கு வந்து சேருகின்றனர். இங்குள்ள 'பஜனாஸ்ரமங்களில்' 7 முதல் 8 மணிநேரம் பஜனைகளைப் பாடுவதற்குப் பதிலாக, அவர்களுக்கு ஒரு வேளை உணவும், சொற்பத் தொகையும் (சுமார் ₹10 முதல் ₹20 வரை) வழங்கப்படுகிறது. இது இறைவனின் நாமத்தைச் சொல்லும் வாய்ப்பை வழங்குவதோடு, வேறு வாழ்வாதாரம் இல்லாத விதவைகளின் பசியைப் போக்கவும் உதவுகிறது. இவர்களில் சிலர் தெருக்களில் பிச்சையெடுத்துப் பிழைக்கின்றனர். இருப்பினும், இந்த ஆசிரமங்களை நிர்வகிக்கும் சில அறக்கட்டளைகள், தங்களுக்குக் கிடைக்கும் நன்கொடைகளில் பெரும் தொகையைத் தவறான முறையில் எடுத்துக்கொள்வதாக அடிக்கடி குற்றச்சாட்டுகள் எழுகின்றன. இங்கு சுமார் 20,000 விதவைகள் வசிக்கின்றனர்; இவர்களில் சிலர் மிகவும் முதியவர்கள், 30 ஆண்டுகளுக்கும் மேலாக இங்கேயே வாழ்ந்து வருகின்றனர். == வரலாறு == == வானிலை == == பேச்சுச் மொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == == வானூர்தியில் == == தொடருந்தில் == == பேருந்தில் == == சிற்றுந்தில் == == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == பணியாற்றுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == tknu1b3h5nzbs8snt8myoqi5jk7wabs 0 3830902 7386722 2026-11-10T08:59:08Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kétro-Bassam''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Vavoua i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n su lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan. [[Category:Wp/bci]] gg2hby04sdh9jsbx8yeh04lbe01nfuw 7386724 7386722 2026-11-10T08:59:52Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3201144]] 7386724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kétro-Bassam''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Vavoua i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n su lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3201144}} n8nu51vjxdo64rw0lrv7asfwnotpqjp 0 3830903 7386725 2026-11-10T09:00:38Z Sekiyen 2692190 Created page with "[[File:Fleet 5 nations.jpg|thumb|USA i ''fleet'']] '''mederi cooha''' (海军/navy) serengge ebišere agūra geli jahūdai sebe baitalara cooha i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]]" 7386725 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fleet 5 nations.jpg|thumb|USA i ''fleet'']] '''mederi cooha''' (海军/navy) serengge ebišere agūra geli jahūdai sebe baitalara cooha i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] 2b3n3mslr75uthr68fxulbk6do1v3vp 7386726 7386725 2026-11-10T09:00:51Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7386726 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fleet 5 nations.jpg|thumb|USA i ''fleet'']] '''mederi cooha''' (海军/navy) serengge ebišere agūra geli jahūdai sebe baitalara [[Wp/mnc/cooha|cooha]] i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] 7lxz9y1h6nlzt3h5hcmgett6btez432 7386727 7386726 2026-11-10T09:01:13Z Sekiyen 2692190 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q4508]] 7386727 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fleet 5 nations.jpg|thumb|USA i ''fleet'']] '''mederi cooha''' (海军/navy) serengge ebišere agūra geli jahūdai sebe baitalara [[Wp/mnc/cooha|cooha]] i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4508}} h8eymqchgx6y0d9za83z54gzh9sq4zr 10 3830904 7386728 2026-11-10T09:01:44Z PastelKos 2547710 Created page with "{|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;background:#FDFDFD;border:1px solid #d0d0d0;padding:.2em;margin:auto;" | colspan="4" style="background:#CCCCFF" |<div class="center">'''Μητροπόλεις τῶν χωρῶν τῆς [[Wp/grc/Ὠκεανία|Ὠκεανίας]]'''</div> |- ! style="width:10em;text-align:right;height:3em;background:#DDDDFF" |Χῶραι αὐτόνομαι | |'''[[wp/grc/Ἀπία|Ἀπία]]''' <small>(Wp/grc/Σαμόα|Σαμ..." 7386728 wikitext text/x-wiki {|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;background:#FDFDFD;border:1px solid #d0d0d0;padding:.2em;margin:auto;" | colspan="4" style="background:#CCCCFF" |<div class="center">'''Μητροπόλεις τῶν χωρῶν τῆς [[Wp/grc/Ὠκεανία|Ὠκεανίας]]'''</div> |- ! style="width:10em;text-align:right;height:3em;background:#DDDDFF" |Χῶραι αὐτόνομαι | |'''[[wp/grc/Ἀπία|Ἀπία]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Σαμόα|Σαμόα]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Ἰαρήν|Ἰαρήν]]'''¹ <small>([[Wp/grc/Ναῦρος|Ναῦρος]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Κάμβερρα|Κάμβερρα]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Αὐστραλία|Αὐστραλία]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Μάζιρον|Μάζιρον]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Μαρσάλιαι Νῆσοι|Μαρσάλιαι Νῆσοι]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Μορέσβιος Λιμήν|Μορέσβιος Λιμήν]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Παπούα Νέα Γουινέα|Παπούα Νέα Γουινέα]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Νερουλμούδη|Νερουλμούδη]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Παλαύιαι Νῆσοι|Παλαύιαι Νῆσοι]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Νουκουαλόφα|Νουκουαλόφα]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Τόγγα|Τόγγα]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Ὁνιάρα|Ὁνιάρα]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Σολομώντειαι Νῆσοι|Σολομώντειαι Νῆσοι]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Οὐελλιγκτών|Οὐελλιγκτών]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Νέα Ζηΐα|Νέα Ζηΐα]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Οὐιλολιμήν|Οὐιλολιμήν]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Οὐανουᾶτον|Οὐανουᾶτον]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Παλίκιρον|Παλίκιρον]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Ὁμόσπονδοι Πολιτεῖαι τῆς Μικρονησίας|Ὁμόσπονδοι Πολιτεῖαι τῆς Μικρονησίας]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Σούβα|Σούβα]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Βίτιαι Νῆσοι|Βίτιαι Νῆσοι]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Ταραύα|Ταραύα]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Κιρίβαται Νῆσοι|Κιρίβαται Νῆσοι]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Φουναφούτιον|Φουναφούτιον]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Τουάλουαι Νῆσοι|Τουάλουαι Νῆσοι]])</small> |- ! style="width:10em;text-align:right;height:3em;background:#DDDDFF" |Κτήσεις καὶ περιοχαί | |'''[[wp/grc/Ἀδαμόπολις|Ἀδαμόπολις]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Πιτκαιρνοὶ Νῆσοι|Πιτκαιρνοὶ Νῆσοι]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Ἁγάτνη|Ἁγάτνη]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Γουάμη|Γουάμη]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Ἀλόφιον|Ἀλόφιον]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Νιούη|Νιούη]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Αὐαρούα|Αὐαρούα]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Κοῦκαι Νῆσοι|Κοῦκαι Νῆσοι]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Βασιλεόπολις|Βασιλεόπολις]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Νορφολκία Νῆσος|Νορφολκία Νῆσος]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Μάτη-Οὖτον|Μάτη-Οὖτον]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Οὐβέα καὶ Φουτούνα|Οὐβέα καὶ Φουτούνα]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Νουμέα|Νουμέα]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Νέα Καληδονία|Νέα Καληδονία]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Παγγοπάγγον|Παγγοπάγγον]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Ἀμερικανικὴ Σαμόα|Ἀμερικανικὴ Σαμόα]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Παπεέτη|Παπεέτη]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Γαλλικὴ Πολυνησία|Γαλλικὴ Πολυνησία]])</small>{{wp/grc/•}} '''[[wp/grc/Σαϊπάνη|Σαϊπάνη]]''' <small>([[Wp/grc/Βόρειοι Μαριᾶναι Νῆσοι|Βόρειοι Μαριᾶναι Νῆσοι]])</small> |- | colspan="4" style=";text-align:center;height:3em;background:#DDDDFF" |<small>1. De facto μητρόπολις (ἕδρα τῆς κυβερνήσεως)</small> |}<noinclude>[[Category:wp/grc/Πρότυπα Γεωγραφίας]]</noinclude> 6wwgezvz2eiq19st84kxbetzuysu3iz 0 3830905 7386729 2026-11-10T09:04:38Z Sekiyen 2692190 Created page with "[[File:China 10th Anniversary Parade in Beijing 05.jpg|thumb|dulimbai olhon cooha i 阅兵]] '''olhon cooha''' (陆军/army) serengge yafahan cooha geli agūra be baitalara [[Wp/mnc/cooha|cooha]] i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]]" 7386729 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:China 10th Anniversary Parade in Beijing 05.jpg|thumb|dulimbai olhon cooha i 阅兵]] '''olhon cooha''' (陆军/army) serengge yafahan cooha geli agūra be baitalara [[Wp/mnc/cooha|cooha]] i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] cw3anaru5omgowtjdc3m16dfpfhxzqi 7386730 7386729 2026-11-10T09:05:14Z Sekiyen 2692190 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q37726]] 7386730 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:China 10th Anniversary Parade in Beijing 05.jpg|thumb|dulimbai olhon cooha i 阅兵]] '''olhon cooha''' (陆军/army) serengge yafahan cooha geli agūra be baitalara [[Wp/mnc/cooha|cooha]] i emu hacin kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q37726}} eglc4i61jpj892sv22z08qrcdi1lsyu 0 3830906 7386740 2026-11-10T09:28:15Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386740 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bonoufla''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Vavoua i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] 014qsdgf3ypw0v78x3n0u9x9fqtged1 7386741 7386740 2026-11-10T09:28:47Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q2910329]] 7386741 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bonoufla''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Vavoua i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti i klɔ dan’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2910329}} mk8p4u1rjds15f3lao51357bzifhlm1 0 3830907 7386742 2026-11-10T09:33:04Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386742 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pélézi''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Vavoua i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti Pélézi klɔ’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] t94pw07pes0mdaw30t4lz6fr74g55yr 7386743 7386742 2026-11-10T09:33:33Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3411761]] 7386743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pélézi''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Vavoua i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Ɔ ti Pélézi klɔ’n i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3411761}} 2on6t92ck1pp12cjg658j944dsw0ras 0 3830908 7386744 2026-11-10T09:36:35Z Iluvtari 2626872 Created page with "Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi [[Category:Wp/jax]]" 7386744 wikitext text/x-wiki Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi [[Category:Wp/jax]] qhgjvoq5qrvb0p4pfwdmy61747m3exq 7386753 7386744 2026-11-10T09:56:51Z Iluvtari 2626872 7386753 wikitext text/x-wiki Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. [[Category:Wp/jax]] hzbk31887ehuigsw4p75xqjxxzgtq63 7386756 7386753 2026-11-10T10:01:31Z Iluvtari 2626872 menambah gambar 7386756 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hutan Kota M. Sabki.jpg|thumb|jalan setapak di Hutan Kota]] Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. [[Category:Wp/jax]] 47k95zvejs8yvjftsj2fl6aa0si66gp 7386758 7386756 2026-11-10T10:02:10Z Iluvtari 2626872 7386758 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hutan Kota M. Sabki.jpg|thumb|salah satu sudut Hutan Kota]] Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. [[Category:Wp/jax]] 31ujv3y8g6k7ecuoeibupaecunkggsw 7386764 7386758 2026-11-10T10:29:31Z Iluvtari 2626872 7386764 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hutan Kota M. Sabki.jpg|thumb|salah satu sudut Hutan Kota]] Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. Untuk masuk ke tempat ni, harus bayar karcis limo sampe lapan ribu, tambah duo ribu lagi untuk parkir motor apo limo ribu kalu pake mobil. [[Category:Wp/jax]] 6t2lxh3m51kadmspdvs4g3228yhrfb1 7386765 7386764 2026-11-10T10:45:18Z Iluvtari 2626872 7386765 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hutan Kota M. Sabki.jpg|thumb|salah satu sudut Hutan Kota]] Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. Untuk masuk ke tempat ni, harus bayar karcis limo sampe lapan ribu, tambah duo ribu lagi untuk parkir motor apo limo ribu kalu pake mobil. Di tempat yang luasnyo lebih dari 10 hektar ni, ado tanaman gaharu, sindur, pinang utan, duren utan, samo tanaman-tanaman laen. [[Category:Wp/jax]] 6b7yvfzxmzjdygf18xfb0t7xjjpww4w 7386766 7386765 2026-11-10T10:47:37Z Iluvtari 2626872 7386766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hutan Kota M. Sabki.jpg|thumb|salah satu sudut Hutan Kota]] Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. Untuk masuk ke tempat ni, harus bayar karcis limo sampe lapan ribu, tambah duo ribu lagi untuk parkir motor apo limo ribu kalu pake mobil. Di tempat yang luasnyo lebih dari 10 hektar ni, ado tanaman gaharu, sindur, pinang utan, duren utan, samo tanaman-tanaman laen. Dikasih namo Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki kerno [[Category:Wp/jax]] 3hyu47p4vgdw7vt3hkfi6z52gmczs95 7386767 7386766 2026-11-10T10:48:51Z Iluvtari 2626872 7386767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hutan Kota M. Sabki.jpg|thumb|salah satu sudut Hutan Kota]] Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. Untuk masuk ke tempat ni, harus bayar karcis limo sampe lapan ribu, tambah duo ribu lagi untuk parkir motor apo limo ribu kalu pake mobil. Di tempat yang luasnyo lebih dari 10 hektar ni, ado tanaman gaharu, sindur, pinang utan, duren utan, samo tanaman-tanaman laen. Dikasih namo Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki kerno ngargoi mantan wali kota jaman bengen yang [[Category:Wp/jax]] m9ay8q5cktj4yk6vbwbiab2zrr2efrh 7386768 7386767 2026-11-10T10:51:04Z Iluvtari 2626872 7386768 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hutan Kota M. Sabki.jpg|thumb|salah satu sudut Hutan Kota]] Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. Untuk masuk ke tempat ni, harus bayar karcis limo sampe lapan ribu, tambah duo ribu lagi untuk parkir motor apo limo ribu kalu pake mobil. Di tempat yang luasnyo lebih dari 10 hektar ni, ado tanaman gaharu, sindur, pinang utan, duren utan, samo tanaman-tanaman laen. Dikasih namo Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki kerno ngargoi mantan wali kota jaman bengen, Muhammad Sabki. [[Category:Wp/jax]] a0ykec1gp8ih0pgkbdgsxd7a8p1rv8v 7386769 7386768 2026-11-10T10:52:49Z Iluvtari 2626872 7386769 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hutan Kota M. Sabki.jpg|thumb|salah satu sudut Hutan Kota]] Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. Untuk masuk ke tempat ni, harus bayar karcis limo sampe lapan ribu, tambah duo ribu lagi untuk parkir motor apo limo ribu kalu pake mobil. Di tempat yang luasnyo lebih dari 10 hektar ni, ado tanaman gaharu, sindur, pinang utan, duren utan, samo tanaman-tanaman laen. Dikasih namo Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki kerno ngargoi mantan wali kota jaman bengen, Muhammad Sabki. Dio yang ngusul buat hutan kota, laju pas Bambang Priyanto [[Category:Wp/jax]] nphsq87g11403cgdlondhf6w8rqk9bo 7386770 7386769 2026-11-10T10:53:57Z Iluvtari 2626872 7386770 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hutan Kota M. Sabki.jpg|thumb|salah satu sudut Hutan Kota]] Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. Untuk masuk ke tempat ni, harus bayar karcis limo sampe lapan ribu, tambah duo ribu lagi untuk parkir motor apo limo ribu kalu pake mobil. Di tempat yang luasnyo lebih dari 10 hektar ni, ado tanaman gaharu, sindur, pinang utan, duren utan, samo tanaman-tanaman laen. Dikasih namo Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki kerno ngargoi mantan wali kota jaman bengen, Muhammad Sabki. Dio yang ngusul buat hutan kota, laju pas [[Wp/jax/Bambang Priyanto|Bambang Priyanto]] jadi wali kota, dipakelah namo Muhammad Sabki tu. [[Category:Wp/jax]] 2sx8cpjxgzgmj6pv6lqswvrlwe5l57w 7386771 7386770 2026-11-10T10:54:57Z Iluvtari 2626872 7386771 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hutan Kota M. Sabki.jpg|thumb|salah satu sudut Hutan Kota]] Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. Untuk masuk ke tempat ni, harus bayar karcis limo sampe lapan ribu, tambah duo ribu lagi untuk parkir motor apo limo ribu kalu pake mobil. Di tempat yang luasnyo lebih dari 10 hektar ni, ado tanaman gaharu, sindur, pinang utan, duren utan, samo tanaman-tanaman laen. Dikasih namo Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki kerno ngargoi mantan wali kota jaman bengen, Muhammad Sabki. Dio yang ngusul buat hutan kota, laju pas [[:id:Bambang_Priyanto|Bambang Priyanto]] jadi wali kota, dipakelah namo Muhammad Sabki tu. [[Category:Wp/jax]] ht52f5sszbp64iiem7iz2fhc15yxnok 7386772 7386771 2026-11-10T10:55:34Z Iluvtari 2626872 7386772 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hutan Kota M. Sabki.jpg|thumb|salah satu sudut Hutan Kota]] Tepatnyo Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (THKMS). Lokasinyo di Kelurahan Kenali Asam, Kota Jambi. Untuk masuk ke tempat ni, harus bayar karcis limo sampe lapan ribu, tambah duo ribu lagi untuk parkir motor apo limo ribu kalu pake mobil. Di tempat yang luasnyo lebih dari 10 hektar ni, ado tanaman gaharu, sindur, pinang utan, duren utan, samo tanaman-tanaman laen. Dikasih namo Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki kerno ngargoi mantan wali kota jaman bengen, [[:id:Muhammad_Sabki|Muhammad Sabki]]. Dio yang ngusul buat hutan kota, laju pas [[:id:Bambang_Priyanto|Bambang Priyanto]] jadi wali kota, dipakelah namo Muhammad Sabki tu. [[Category:Wp/jax]] fsp4jkosxavoom1zy84k2q6mjxqpl4u 0 3830909 7386745 2026-11-10T09:37:07Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dananon''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Vavoua i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Dananon ti klɔ kun i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] 01eig5xgvka9b4e7f4k3atune7i64ki 7386746 7386745 2026-11-10T09:37:50Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3013298]] 7386746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dananon''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika’n nun’n, m’ɔ o Vavoua i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Haut-Sassandra i akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Dananon ti klɔ kun i klɔ dan wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3013298}} e1nx5jfiweow4vnhg0brtg7e4yr2jwi 0 3830910 7386747 2026-11-10T09:42:26Z Japap237 2709422 Created page with "[[File:Carcinus maenas white background.jpg|thumb|Carcinus maenas white background]] '''Dikako''' lé ndé niama ni ma jè o téténa madiba ma munja. Dikako di bèn misono jita na miéndé lombi, na miso maba misadi. Dikako di bèn pè belongisan béba ba ewègi na kombe momènè niola inè niama, na mota bénama. [[Category:Wp/dua]]" 7386747 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Carcinus maenas white background.jpg|thumb|Carcinus maenas white background]] '''Dikako''' lé ndé niama ni ma jè o téténa madiba ma munja. Dikako di bèn misono jita na miéndé lombi, na miso maba misadi. Dikako di bèn pè belongisan béba ba ewègi na kombe momènè niola inè niama, na mota bénama. [[Category:Wp/dua]] j2x25xxcs1gq2lfr4s61vcv8l4oppub 0 3830911 7386748 2026-11-10T09:45:06Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386748 wikitext text/x-wiki '''N’Gban Kassê''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i afiɛn lɔ’n, Didiévi i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, n'zue lɔ lika’n nun lɔ’n. Lika sɔ’n ti N’Gban Kassê i klɔ dan’n wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] tclpfvgteyedznnwd6gahy7ln688k1g 7386750 7386748 2026-11-10T09:45:53Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3334094]] 7386750 wikitext text/x-wiki '''N’Gban Kassê''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i afiɛn lɔ’n, Didiévi i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, n'zue lɔ lika’n nun lɔ’n. Lika sɔ’n ti N’Gban Kassê i klɔ dan’n wie. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3334094}} c8oajilota2q2990n6zk5c5e78g1yda 0 3830912 7386749 2026-11-10T09:45:10Z Japap237 2709422 Created page with "[[File:Chital doe and fawn, Yala National Park.png|thumb|Chital doe and fawn, Yala National Park]] '''Mbindi''' nié ndé niama eyidi ni bèn miéndé minei, mulopo na matongo maba, mbindi i ma da ndé béwudu. [[Category:Wp/dua]]" 7386749 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chital doe and fawn, Yala National Park.png|thumb|Chital doe and fawn, Yala National Park]] '''Mbindi''' nié ndé niama eyidi ni bèn miéndé minei, mulopo na matongo maba, mbindi i ma da ndé béwudu. [[Category:Wp/dua]] sbku15ivky13m4f1yo08qp334x9zrmj 0 3830913 7386751 2026-11-10T09:51:58Z Japap237 2709422 Created page with "[[File:Papier 11072019.png|thumb|Papier 11072019]] '''Dipapá''' lé ndé elongisan i mongwanè o matila ma nai na nai. == Mayabɛ == Dipapá di yabɛ buka lokoli lo ba ma mbu o mundi mwa Kina. O ponda kwan matila ma ta ndé ma tilabɛ o madalé madɛnɛ na mawindi [[Category:Wp/dua]]" 7386751 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Papier 11072019.png|thumb|Papier 11072019]] '''Dipapá''' lé ndé elongisan i mongwanè o matila ma nai na nai. == Mayabɛ == Dipapá di yabɛ buka lokoli lo ba ma mbu o mundi mwa Kina. O ponda kwan matila ma ta ndé ma tilabɛ o madalé madɛnɛ na mawindi [[Category:Wp/dua]] kmwgy8qmwxyjm83tzeoh7630jbtwgv1 0 3830914 7386752 2026-11-10T09:54:51Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kpèbo''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i afiɛn lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Didiévi i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Lac’m be lika’n nun lɔ’n. Kpèbo yɛ ɔ ti i klɔ’n i klɔ dan’n niɔn. [[Category:Wp/bci]] 9dz7pwq7f6rf17o7ehvxtkw1twl5cs0 7386755 7386752 2026-11-10T09:57:55Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3199528]] 7386755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kpèbo''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i afiɛn lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Didiévi i akpasua’n su lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Lac’m be lika’n nun lɔ’n. Kpèbo yɛ ɔ ti i klɔ’n i klɔ dan’n niɔn. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3199528}} fyapr5dp80jm4574p2nlxyi7apkfgv8 0 3830915 7386754 2026-11-10T09:57:26Z Japap237 2709422 Created page with "[[File:Ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate cobble in matrix ("Sharon Conglomerate", Lower Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Ohio, USA) (37763944201).jpg|thumb|Ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate cobble in matrix ("Sharon Conglomerate", Lower Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Ohio, USA) (37763944201)]] '''Dalé''' lé ndé elongisan ima sobè bepolo bèsè, o téténa madiba ka o téténa eyidi, na mitèn bupisan eyekeda'o. O ponda kwan dalé di ta mwenya ni..." 7386754 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate cobble in matrix ("Sharon Conglomerate", Lower Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Ohio, USA) (37763944201).jpg|thumb|Ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate cobble in matrix ("Sharon Conglomerate", Lower Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Ohio, USA) (37763944201)]] '''Dalé''' lé ndé elongisan ima sobè bepolo bèsè, o téténa madiba ka o téténa eyidi, na mitèn bupisan eyekeda'o. O ponda kwan dalé di ta mwenya niola jango o eyidi o bwa niama. [[Category:Wp/dua]] lrfc5weu0eyyubidx73viflxcmufhpz 0 3830916 7386759 2026-11-10T10:05:11Z Japap237 2709422 Created page with "[[File:Mouettes en action.jpg|thumb|Mouettes en action, plage de Radès]] '''Isókólókó''' yé ndé inon i ma sobè bèbè na munja na o món a munja, i tondi bè o basan mwa madiba, o niola na i ma da sué tobotobo. Isókólókó yé ndé musono mwa sanga, i tondi pè bè bèbè na mota bénama. Bana ba madiba bèsè ba bi Isókólókó." 7386759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mouettes en action.jpg|thumb|Mouettes en action, plage de Radès]] '''Isókólókó''' yé ndé inon i ma sobè bèbè na munja na o món a munja, i tondi bè o basan mwa madiba, o niola na i ma da sué tobotobo. Isókólókó yé ndé musono mwa sanga, i tondi pè bè bèbè na mota bénama. Bana ba madiba bèsè ba bi Isókólókó. bbf34qwlwusqeke7go23uhvlosecwng 0 3830917 7386760 2026-11-10T10:11:14Z Japap237 2709422 Created page with "[[File:Rolex Sea Dweller 16600.jpg|thumb|Rolex Sea Dweller 16600]] '''Kilɔ́ki''' yé ndé elange̱ ponda o mbia neni dangwa o ponda wèngè. Kilɔ́ki i ma botobè o dia, to ja o téténa mukuta, Kilɔ́ki i ma panabè o dima ya bolongi, na o daboa ebasi. [[Category:Wp/dua]]" 7386760 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rolex Sea Dweller 16600.jpg|thumb|Rolex Sea Dweller 16600]] '''Kilɔ́ki''' yé ndé elange̱ ponda o mbia neni dangwa o ponda wèngè. Kilɔ́ki i ma botobè o dia, to ja o téténa mukuta, Kilɔ́ki i ma panabè o dima ya bolongi, na o daboa ebasi. [[Category:Wp/dua]] te42t2wh1q4xlnjddbri4agh90vihbp 0 3830918 7386761 2026-11-10T10:14:48Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 7386761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kondrokro-Djassanou''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i afiɛn lɔ’n, Didiévi i lika’n nun lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Lac’m be akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Asa ekun’n, ɔ ti Kondrokro-Djassanou klɔ’n i klɔ dan. [[Category:Wp/bci]] etumdxd3n6ri6p2ne186vgin6giemyw 7386762 7386761 2026-11-10T10:15:14Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de liens interwiki à [[d:Q3198633]] 7386762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kondrokro-Djassanou''' ti klɔ kun m’ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i afiɛn lɔ’n, Didiévi i lika’n nun lɔ’n, m’ɔ o Lac’m be akpasua’n nun lɔ’n. Asa ekun’n, ɔ ti Kondrokro-Djassanou klɔ’n i klɔ dan. [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3198633}} brso6dq8lc7mihjowelzjnhlw90t2xc 0 3830919 7386763 2026-11-10T10:16:38Z Japap237 2709422 Created page with "[[File:Scorpion Tergiant.svg|thumb|Scorpion Tergiant]] '''Yóló''' nié ndé niama ni ma sobè o bépolo ba wéa, é ma dandoa ndé ka ngulè, na miédé lombi ndé na elongisan yao ewo ya bewèngi na tata la momènè. Yé elongisan é mó ka mundó yéna é bwa mota bénama na niama idèdè. [[Category:Wp/dua]]" 7386763 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Scorpion Tergiant.svg|thumb|Scorpion Tergiant]] '''Yóló''' nié ndé niama ni ma sobè o bépolo ba wéa, é ma dandoa ndé ka ngulè, na miédé lombi ndé na elongisan yao ewo ya bewèngi na tata la momènè. Yé elongisan é mó ka mundó yéna é bwa mota bénama na niama idèdè. [[Category:Wp/dua]] 530i0t0eu1jbisev47anxwt4pt5m9o8 3 3830920 7386773 2026-11-10T11:27:07Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7386773 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:27, 10 November 2026 (UTC) 0hczn5q5m9fujyds4zenpwnoe8qm8lt 0 3830921 7386774 2026-11-10T11:38:20Z Labiize 2608834 Created page with "Adabba si hin ka tonton nd’a si nda baani kuuroo ra, adabbaa wircoo boobo, za hawoo hal’adabba maryaa , farka nda bari nda gorgo kul kala ma hang’i bande nda safari, kala soolumi wircey jerey se z’i mana kaa , a goo wircey ra kunboo, sorfaa, kuri konnaa nd’i yeynaa, fuušaa, kala jiiri kul ngi cufoo ma tee, safaraa ma tee, kala cufu kali, cufu kaley goo koyrawey ra, i ga cina nda feraw wala nda guuru kaŋ ga hin ka goyoo faalandi, lotokorey ga goyoo tee bila ha..." 7386774 wikitext text/x-wiki Adabba si hin ka tonton nd’a si nda baani kuuroo ra, adabbaa wircoo boobo, za hawoo hal’adabba maryaa , farka nda bari nda gorgo kul kala ma hang’i bande nda safari, kala soolumi wircey jerey se z’i mana kaa , a goo wircey ra kunboo, sorfaa, kuri konnaa nd’i yeynaa, fuušaa, kala jiiri kul ngi cufoo ma tee, safaraa ma tee, kala cufu kali, cufu kaley goo koyrawey ra, i ga cina nda feraw wala nda guuru kaŋ ga hin ka goyoo faalandi, lotokorey ga goyoo tee bila hasaraw, boro si maray, adabba si kayri, cufu kaley tee faaba beeri borey se. [[Category:Wp/ses]] 347bs1wi583ooewmew01p3jp6aob5h5 0 3830922 7386775 2026-11-10T11:46:58Z Labiize 2608834 Created page with " Hamiisa goykey ga dibi bay, sokey g’a tee ka ngi hamiisa tayaa saajaw a ma si hasara, a ma huru mee beeri ra, nda sorko duu ham boobo, a ga jeroo neere nda tayroo, a ma jeroo terfu k’a koogandi, a la cindoo ton dibi ra, borey ga nee ka hamoo difi, ham difanta goo nda nooru gumoo, gallu borey ga hansa ka baa ra, i ga dii kaŋ nga nafaa ga boobo gaaham baani se, lotokorey ga waafaku nd’a. Labu ferw nd’i ga diboo tee,i ma beene daabu nda giriyaaži, boro fooya..." 7386775 wikitext text/x-wiki Hamiisa goykey ga dibi bay, sokey g’a tee ka ngi hamiisa tayaa saajaw a ma si hasara, a ma huru mee beeri ra, nda sorko duu ham boobo, a ga jeroo neere nda tayroo, a ma jeroo terfu k’a koogandi, a la cindoo ton dibi ra, borey ga nee ka hamoo difi, ham difanta goo nda nooru gumoo, gallu borey ga hansa ka baa ra, i ga dii kaŋ nga nafaa ga boobo gaaham baani se, lotokorey ga waafaku nd’a. Labu ferw nd’i ga diboo tee,i ma beene daabu nda giriyaaži, boro fooyaŋ ga ngi dibey tee fansari alhaali laboo dee ra, a ga tee guuru mo ra, a goo nda nafaw beeri hamiisa goyyan ra. [[Category:Wp/ses]] j0b54boyu5pdgozdvu9h50z4zk5qw4i