Vikipedija isvwiki https://isv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Besěda Koristnik Besěda s koristnikom Vikipedija Besěda Vikipedije Fajl Besěda o fajlu MediaWiki Besěda o MediaWiki Šablon Besěda o šablonu Pomoč Besěda o pomoči Kategorija Besěda o kategoriji TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Šablon:Dobrodošli 10 128 27870 26993 2026-07-02T11:07:55Z IJzeren Jan 9 -test 27870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:Unsubst||pick={{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:math|random|13}}|$B= <!-- Sladkosti iz raznyh slovjanskyh stran --> [[Fajl:{{#switch: {{#if: {{{pick|}}} | {{{pick}}} | {{#invoke:Math|random|13}} }} | 1 | bs | ba = Sarajevo (15061839535).jpg{{!}} Sladka tufahija iz Bosnije i Hercegoviny | 2 | bg = Mekici.jpg{{!}} Sladke mekicy iz Bulgarije | 3 | be | by = Biscuits - Belarus - 2015 AD.JPG{{!}} Sladke biskvity s makom iz Bělorusi | 4 | cs | cz = Kolace.jpg{{!}} Sladke kolače iz Čehije | 5 | cnr | me = Kotor Cremeschnitte - Kotorske krempite 05.jpg{{!}} Sladka kremšnita iz Črnoj Gory | 6 | mk = Македонска баклава.jpg{{!}} Sladka baklava iz Sěvernoj Makedonije | 7 | hr = Međimurska gibanica - servirana (Croatia).jpg{{!}} Sladka gibanica iz Hrvatije | 8 | pl = Makowiec 3.JPG{{!}} Sladky makovec iz Poljsky | 9 | ru = Зефир бело-розовый.jpg{{!}} Sladky zefir iz Rosije | 10| sr | rs = Cokoladna bananica 16.jpg{{!}} Sladka bananica iz Srbije | 11| sl | si = Potica na Bledu.jpg{{!}} Sladka potica iz Slovenije | 12| sk = Trdelník-Basket-20101.JPG{{!}} Sladke trdelniky iz Slovakije | 13| uk | ua = Pampushky.jpg{{!}} Sladke pampušky iz Ukrajiny | #default = }} za privitanje vas v projektu|thumb|upright=1.4]] Zdrav! Hvala za vaše pravky {{#if: {{{contribs|}}} | {{{contribs}}} | v Medžuslovjansku Vikipediju }}. Hoču srdečno privitati vas v našem projektu. {{#if: {{{customstart|}}} | {{{customstart}}} | Naděju se, že vam spodobaje se i vy budete ostati. }} * [[Vikipedija:Pomoč|Pročitajte stranice pomoči]], ako izměnjanje viki-sajtov jest za vas novo. * [[Glavna stranica|Prěgledite spis děl na glavnoj stranici]], ako vy ne znajete, čim pomogti projektu. * [[Incubator:Pěskovišče|Svobodno dělajte pravjenja v pěskovišču]], ako želajete poeksperimentovati s viki-kodom. * Ako vy hočete uviděti interfejs na medžuslovjanskom, prějdite na svoje '''[[Special:Preferences|nastavjenja]]'''. V prvoj zakladkě (profil koristnika), pod zaglavjem '''Internacionalizacija''', ustavite jezyk interfejsa na <code>isv - medžuslovjansky</code>. Imajete li kake-nebud pytanja, primětky ili prědloženja? Smělo napišite je v '''[[Vikipedija:Krčma|našej krčmě]]'''! Ili ne kolěbajte se napisati na mojej besědnoj stranici! {{#if: {{{customend|}}} | {{{customend}}} | Za uspěh! }} }}{{safesubst:<noinclude />Ifsubst|<nowiki /> — }}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} [[Kategorija:Šablony:Poslanja]] </noinclude> htf8s7k17biyocf9x3fr11qdgsl6qxv 27871 27870 2026-07-02T11:08:52Z IJzeren Jan 9 27871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:Unsubst||pick={{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:math|random|13}}|$B= <!-- Sladkosti iz raznyh slovjanskyh stran --> [[Fajl:{{#switch: {{#if: {{{pick|}}} | {{{pick}}} | {{#invoke:Math|random|13}} }} | 1 | bs | ba = Sarajevo (15061839535).jpg{{!}} Sladka tufahija iz Bosnije i Hercegoviny | 2 | bg = Mekici.jpg{{!}} Sladke mekicy iz Bulgarije | 3 | be | by = Biscuits - Belarus - 2015 AD.JPG{{!}} Sladke biskvity s makom iz Bělorusi | 4 | cs | cz = Kolace.jpg{{!}} Sladke kolače iz Čehije | 5 | cnr | me = Kotor Cremeschnitte - Kotorske krempite 05.jpg{{!}} Sladka kremšnita iz Črnoj Gory | 6 | mk = Македонска баклава.jpg{{!}} Sladka baklava iz Sěvernoj Makedonije | 7 | hr = Međimurska gibanica - servirana (Croatia).jpg{{!}} Sladka gibanica iz Hrvatije | 8 | pl = Makowiec 3.JPG{{!}} Sladky makovec iz Poljsky | 9 | ru = Зефир бело-розовый.jpg{{!}} Sladky zefir iz Rosije | 10| sr | rs = Cokoladna bananica 16.jpg{{!}} Sladka bananica iz Srbije | 11| sl | si = Potica na Bledu.jpg{{!}} Sladka potica iz Slovenije | 12| sk = Trdelník-Basket-20101.JPG{{!}} Sladke trdelniky iz Slovakije | 13| uk | ua = Pampushky.jpg{{!}} Sladke pampušky iz Ukrajiny | #default = }} za privitanje vas v projektu|thumb|upright=1.4]] Zdrav! Hvala za vaše pravky {{#if: {{{contribs|}}} | {{{contribs}}} | v Medžuslovjansku Vikipediju }}. Hoču srdečno privitati vas v našem projektu. {{#if: {{{customstart|}}} | {{{customstart}}} | Naděju se, že vam spodobaje se i vy budete ostati. }} * [[Vikipedija:Pomoč|Pročitajte stranice pomoči]], ako izměnjanje viki-sajtov jest za vas novo. * [[Glavna stranica|Prěgledite spis děl na glavnoj stranici]], ako vy ne znajete, čim pomogti projektu. * [[Vikipedija:Pěskovišče|Svobodno dělajte pravjenja v pěskovišču]], ako želajete poeksperimentovati s viki-kodom. * Ako vy hočete uviděti interfejs na medžuslovjanskom, prějdite na svoje '''[[Special:Preferences|nastavjenja]]'''. V prvoj zakladkě (profil koristnika), pod zaglavjem '''Internacionalizacija''', ustavite jezyk interfejsa na <code>isv - medžuslovjansky</code>. Imajete li kake-nebud pytanja, primětky ili prědloženja? Smělo napišite je v '''[[Vikipedija:Krčma|našej krčmě]]'''! Ili ne kolěbajte se napisati na mojej besědnoj stranici! {{#if: {{{customend|}}} | {{{customend}}} | Za uspěh! }} }}{{safesubst:<noinclude />Ifsubst|<nowiki /> — }}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} [[Kategorija:Šablony:Poslanja]] </noinclude> nndf0wu77v6q8k2kkh2fjk2c1zn01cl 27873 27871 2026-07-02T11:15:36Z IJzeren Jan 9 27873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:Unsubst||pick={{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:math|random|13}}|$B= <!-- Sladkosti iz raznyh slovjanskyh stran --> [[Fajl:{{#switch: {{#if: {{{pick|}}} | {{{pick}}} | {{#invoke:Math|random|13}} }} | 1 | bs | ba = Sarajevo (15061839535).jpg{{!}} Sladka tufahija iz Bosnije i Hercegoviny | 2 | bg = Mekici.jpg{{!}} Sladke mekicy iz Bulgarije | 3 | be | by = Biscuits - Belarus - 2015 AD.JPG{{!}} Sladke biskvity s makom iz Bělorusi | 4 | cs | cz = Kolace.jpg{{!}} Sladke kolače iz Čehije | 5 | cnr | me = Kotor Cremeschnitte - Kotorske krempite 05.jpg{{!}} Sladka kremšnita iz Črnoj Gory | 6 | mk = Македонска баклава.jpg{{!}} Sladka baklava iz Sěvernoj Makedonije | 7 | hr = Međimurska gibanica - servirana (Croatia).jpg{{!}} Sladka gibanica iz Hrvatije | 8 | pl = Makowiec 3.JPG{{!}} Sladky makovec iz Poljsky | 9 | ru = Зефир бело-розовый.jpg{{!}} Sladky zefir iz Rosije | 10| sr | rs = Cokoladna bananica 16.jpg{{!}} Sladka bananica iz Srbije | 11| sl | si = Potica na Bledu.jpg{{!}} Sladka potica iz Slovenije | 12| sk = Trdelník-Basket-20101.JPG{{!}} Sladke trdelniky iz Slovakije | 13| uk | ua = Pampushky.jpg{{!}} Sladke pampušky iz Ukrajiny | #default = }} za privitanje vas v projektu|thumb|upright=1.4]] Zdrav! Hvala za vaše pravky {{#if: {{{contribs|}}} | {{{contribs}}} | v Medžuslovjansku Vikipediju }}. Hoču srdečno privitati vas v našem projektu. {{#if: {{{customstart|}}} | {{{customstart}}} | Naděju se, že vam spodobaje se i vy budete ostati. }} * [[Vikipedija:Pomoč|Pročitajte stranice pomoči]], ako izměnjanje viki-sajtov jest za vas novo. * [[Glavna stranica|Prěgledite spis děl na glavnoj stranici]], ako vy ne znajete, čim pomogti projektu. * [[Vikipedija:Pěskovišče|Svobodno dělajte pravjenja v pěskovišču]], ako želajete poeksperimentovati s viki-kodom. * Interfejs na medžuslovjanskom vy najdete v svojih '''[[Special:Preferences|nastavjenjah]]''', v prvoj zakladkě (profil koristnika) pod zaglavjem '''Internacionalizacija''', s jezyčnym kodom <code>isv - medžuslovjansky</code>. Imajete li kake-nebud pytanja, primětky ili prědloženja? Smělo napišite je v '''[[Vikipedija:Krčma|našej krčmě]]'''! Ili ne kolěbajte se napisati na mojej besědnoj stranici! {{#if: {{{customend|}}} | {{{customend}}} | Za uspěh! }} }}{{safesubst:<noinclude />Ifsubst|<nowiki /> — }}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} [[Kategorija:Šablony:Poslanja]] </noinclude> i199n3y1gl5hrv7n01uiss0rpe8kdyt Šablon:Državy v Južnoj Amerikě 10 138 27762 595 2026-07-01T16:28:59Z Ilja isv 10 27762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Državy v Južnoj Amerikě | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | title = Državy v [[Južna Amerika|Južnoj Amerikě]] | listclass = hlist <!--| group1 = Suverenne državy--> | list1 = {{Navbox |groupstyle=font-weight:normal; | title = Suverenne državy | group1 = '''Vplno''' | list1 = * [[Argentina]] * [[Bolivija]] * [[Brazilija]] * [[Čile]] * [[Kolumbija]] * [[Ekvador]] * [[Gajana]] * [[Paragvaj]] * [[Peru]] * [[Surinam]] * [[Urugvaj]] * [[Venezuela]] | group2 = '''Čestečno''' | list2 = * [[Francuzska Gviana]] ** [[Francija]] }} <!---group2 omitted to maintain alternating list backgrounds---> | group3 = Zavisle teritorije | list3 = * [[Folklendske Ostrovy|Folklendske Ostrovy (Malviny)]] s ograničennym poznańjem * [[Južna Džordžija i Južne Sandvičove Ostrovy]] ** [[Britanske Zamorske Teritorije|Objedinjeno Kraljevstvo]] }}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija|Template:Navigacija/Dokumentacija šablonov}} [[Kategorija:Šablony:Navigacija|Državy v Južnoj Amerikě]] </noinclude> 4tenlh481xz7ht8b0cs0szl5vbtvday Šablon:Glavna/Učestvujte 10 170 27831 27016 2026-07-02T07:24:19Z Avayak 287 When reading the page, the infinite animation is VERY distracting. I replaced it with a static image derived from the original animation. 27831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Vikipedija]]''' jest medžunarodna internet-enciklopedija, ktora sili se dati svobodno koristajeme, objektivne i prověrime informacije na vsih uznanyh jezykah. Projekt jest osnovany na [[Wikipedia:Pet kolon|''peti glavnyh principah'']]. Tuto jest izdan​je na [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom jezyku]]. Prvopočetna versija tutogo vikiprojekta byla započeta 18 junija 2007 goda, {{#expr: trunc (({{#time: U | now }} - {{#time: U | 2007-06-18 }}) / (365.2425 * 24 * 60 * 60)) }} lět tomu nazad, po prikladu Vikipedije. Od 24 junija 2026 goda '''[[Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija]]''' imaje svoj vlastny domen. [[Fajl:Collab - Idil Keysan.png|right|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Ruky sjedinjajut se|V surabotě trěba mnogo raznyh ljudij]] Vsekto može učestvovati i pomagati tvoriti vikipediju. Vy možete legko [[Wikipedia:Iztvoriti zapis|iztvoriti novy članok]], razširjati jestvujuče članky ili izpravjati pogrěšky. Za pravjen​je viki ne trěba izkusno vladati medžuslovjanskym; drugi koristniki ohotno budut popraviti vaše pogrěšky. Tekst člankov možno jest čitati i pisati i latiniceju, i kiriliceju. Poněktore města za ulěpšen​je medžuslovjanskoj vikipedije: * [[Wikipedia:Članky, ktore trěba imati v enciklopediji|1000 najvažnějših člankov dlja vsakoj viki-enciklopedije]] * [[:Category:Kratke članky|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Kratke članky}} najkratših člankov]] <inputbox> type=create width=28 preload=Template:Standard content for new page editintro=Template:Instructions prefix= buttonlabel=Stvorite novu stranicu! </inputbox> Novyh koristnikov viki mogut zainteresovati '''[[Vikipedija:Pomoč|stranice pomoči]]''', ktore izlagajut o dvoh sposobah izměnjan​ja viki. Da by izměnjati stranice i skryti {{-|IP}}-adres, trěba '''[[Special:CreateAccount|iztvoriti konto]]'''. Vy možete eksperimentovati v [[Wikipedia:Pěskovišče|'''pěskovišču''']]. Ako vy imajete kakekoli pytan​ja, problemy, primětky ili prědložen​ja, postavite jih v '''[[Wikipedia:Krčma|krčmě občiny]]''', na [https://discord.com/channels/879438774323535914/1284479085871104075 našem Diskord-serveru] ili v [https://t.me/interslavic_wikipedia Telegram-čatu]. ---- {{Lang|en|2=This Wikipedia edition is written in [[:en:Interslavic|Interslavic]], an auxiliary language intended to be intelligible to speakers of any Slavic language. If you don't know Interslavic, you still can help: [http://steen.free.fr/interslavic/slovianto1.html learn simplified Interslavic] (slovianto), '''[[Special:CreateAccount|create an account]]''', and start contributing here.}} <noinclude> {{Dokumentacija | tekst = Tekst razděla «Učestvujte» na glavnoj stranici. {{Glavna}} }} </noinclude> 9gjng7ec201vqbj9ifqf8ahc7iwuuk4 ANDOS 0 566 27787 3170 2026-07-01T18:59:41Z Chtabs 42 Obnovjen link na kompjuter BK. 27787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka programa | razrabotnik = Алексеј Надјожин, Сергеј Камнев | poslědna versija = 3.30 (декембр 1997) | stanje = Не развива се | licencija = Затворјены }} '''ANDOS''' јест дискова операцијна система за совєтске особне компјутеры [[БК (компјутер)|БК-0010]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=А. М. Надёжин|url=http://bk0010.narod.ru/docs/BK_Magazine/199301/006.htm|title=Дисковая операционная система ANDOS|year=1993}}</ref> Изпрва створјали систему Сергеј Авдјушин (автор идеје) и Алексеем Надјожиным, од имен кторых ОС добыла своју назву. Потом в разработанје пришел Сергеј Каменев. == Особливости/чрты == Послєдња версија имала слєдујуче: * Можност запушчати старе програмы за БК-0010 * Обрачанја/воззванја старых програм до магнитофона прєсмєрјали се на дисковод * Употрєбјала/уживала се фајлова система [[FAT]]12, ктора сумєстима/компатибилна с [[MS-DOS]] * За сумєстимост/компатибилност с другыми фајловыми системами за БК поддрживала/подтримывала се фајлова система [[MicroDOS]]. Објем ANDOS был од 4 Кб (без графичного интерфејса) до 16 Кб. == Източникы == <references /> == Внєшње линкы == * [http://bkcrew.narod.ru/bkimg/systems/andos330.rar Образ диска ANDOS 3.30] * [http://bk0010.narod.ru/docs/BK_Magazine/199301/011.htm Прєглед операцијных систем БК] [[Kategorija:Операцијне системы БК]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1962569}} kmfv1u50r3woe1v6z4r7c2zqyb1g279 AO-DOS 0 568 27744 3181 2026-07-01T14:08:39Z Chtabs 42 Додан линк до jедного из записов Вики. 27744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=2023-05}} {{Kartka programa | ekranovy snimok = AO-DOS.png | stanje = Не развива се |nazva=AO-DOS}} '''AO-DOS''' јест дискова операцијна система за [[Совєтскы Сојуз|совєтске]] особне компјутеры [[БК (компјутер)|БК-0010 и БК-0011М]]. Користала [[Фајлова система|фајлову систему]] {{-|[[MicroDOS]]}}. Имала развиты језык командного терминала, поддржку/подтримыванје пакетных фајлов. Сдржала {{-|[[Norton Commander]]}}-подобну повлаку {{-|DOS-SHELL}}. Дозволјала створити виртуалны електроничны диск в памети компјутера. Подтримывала/поддрживала, в послєдњеј версије, до 23 дисковых апаратов. Имала оддєлне од једра системы драјвера вводженја/изводженја<ref>[http://old-dos.ru/index.php?page=files&mode=files&do=show&id=1431 AODOS (AO-DOS) na old-dos.ru ]</ref>. == Iztočniky == <references /> == Внєшње линкы == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714215615/http://vak.ru/pub/bk/AODOS%201.77.bkd.gz Образ диска AO-DOS 1.77] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071004211010/http://vak.ru/pub/bk/AODOS%202.10.bkd.gz Образ диска AO-DOS 2.10] * [http://bk0010.narod.ru/docs/BK_Magazine/PKBK-1994-3.djvu Дискови операцијне системы за БК-0011М (djvu)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210713184031/http://bk0010.narod.ru/docs/BK_Magazine/PKBK-1994-3.djvu архивована версија од 13 јулија 2021] [[Kategorija:Операцијне системы БК]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4033038}} 63nrgx5ir66cvqup04i8t91b4iqram3 Apple File System 0 637 27767 4092 2026-07-01T17:12:49Z Ilja isv 10 /* */ 27767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka fajlova sistema | name = {{-|APFS}} | full_name = {{-|Apple File System}} | developer = {{-|[[Apple Inc.]]}} | introduction_os = {{-|[[IOS 10|iOS 10.3]], [[MacOS High Sierra|macOS 10.13]]}} | introduction_date = {{-|'''iOS''':}} {{Start date and age|2017|03|27| p=y}}<br/> {{-|'''[[macOS]]''':}} {{Start date and age|2017|09|25| p=y}}<br/> | preceded_by = {{-|[[HFS Plus]]}} | succeeded_by = | partition_id = <code>7C3457EF-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC</code> {{-|([[GUID Partition Table|GPT]])}} | directory_struct = {{-|[[B-tree]]}}<ref name="hansenToolan2017">{{Cite journal|last1=Hansen|first1=K.H.|last2=Toolan|first2=F.|date=September 21, 2017|title=Decoding the APFS file system|journal=Digital Investigation|volume=22|pages=107–132|doi=10.1016/j.diin.2017.07.003|issn=1742-2876|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | max_files_no = 9,223,372,036,854,775,808<ref name="appleVolumeComparision"/> | max_file_size = {{-|8 [[Egzabajt|EB]] (9,223,372,036,854,775,808 bajt)}}<ref name="appleVolumeComparision">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/VolumeFormatComparison/VolumeFormatComparison.html|title=Volume Format Comparison|website=Apple Developer|language=en|access-date=May 25, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | date_range = 01/01/1970 – 21/07/2554<ref name="hansenToolan2017"/> | date_resolution = 1 [[Nanosekunda|ns]]<ref name="appleVolumeComparision"/> | max_filename_size = | filename_character_set = {{-|[[Unicode|Unicode 9.0]]}} v kodovanju {{-|[[UTF-8]]}}<ref name="appleApfsFaq2018">{{Cite web|title=Apple File System Guide / Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/FAQ/FAQ.html|access-date=May 25, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | dates_recorded = {{-|access, attributes modified, contents modified, created}} | file_system_permissions = Dozvoljenja {{-|Unix, [[NFSv4]] ACL}} | compression = Čestična {{-|(decmpfs)}}<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bertin |first1=René |title=Compression and APFS |url=https://github.com/RJVB/afsctool/issues/3 |website=Github |access-date=2 February 2019}}</ref> | encryption = Da<ref name="appleFileSystemGuide">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/file_system/about_apple_file_system|author=Apple Inc|title=Apple File System Guide (Features)|access-date=December 16, 2023|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | copy_on_write = Da<ref name="appleApfsFaq2018"/><ref name="appleFileSystemGuide"/> | OS = {{-|[[macOS]], [[iPadOS]], [[iOS]], [[tvOS]], [[watchOS]], [[visionOS]]}} | website = <!-- {{URL|https://developers.apple.com/}} --> }} {{-|'''Apple File System''' ('''APFS''')}} jest [[Proprijetarnost|proprijetarna]] [[fajlova sistema]], razrabotana i razprostranjena {{-|[[Apple Inc.]]}} dlja {{-|[[macOS Sierra]]}} (10.12.4) i bolje pozdnyh versij, {{-|[[iOS]] 10.3, [[tvOS]] 10.2, [[watchOS]] 3.2}}, i vsih versij {{-|[[iPadOS]]}}. Jej cělj jest izpraviti osnovne problemy {{-|[[HFS Plus|HFS+]]}} (takože izvěstnoj kako {{-|[[Mac OS Extended]]}}), prědhodnika, ktory byl v upotrěbjenju s 1998 goda. {{-|APFS}} jest optimizovana dlja skladovanja danyh na {{-|[[Tvrdotělno skladišče|SSD]]}} i poddrživaje [[šifrovanje]], [[snapšot]]y i izlěpšeno obrabotyvanje integriteta [[Metadane|metadanyh]]. == Historija == {{-|Apple File System}} byla prědstavjena na konferenciji razrabotnikov {{-|Apple (WWDC)}} v juniju 2016 kako zaměna {{-|HFS+}}, ktora byla v upotrěbjenju s 1998 goda. {{-|APFS}} byla izpuščena dlja 64-bitnyh {{-|iOS}}-aparatov 27 marca 2017 goda s izpuščenjem {{-|iOS}} 10.3, i dlja {{-|macOS}}-aparatov 25 septembra togo že goda s izpuščenjem {{-|macOS 10.13 High Sierra}}. V septembru 2018 goda {{-|Apple}} jest izpustila čestičnu specifikaciju za {{-|APFS}}, ktora poddrživala {{-|read-only}} dostup k njej na zašifrovanyh aparatah skladovanja danyh, ne koristajučih tehnologiju {{-|Fusion}}. Specifikacija dlja programnogo šifrovanja byla zadokumentovana pozdněje. == Ustroj == Tuta fajlova sistema može koristati se na aparatah s odnosno maloju ili velikoju kolikostju skladišča. Ona koristaje 64-bitne [[inod]]y i dostavjaje vyše bezpečno skladovanje s pomočju tehnologije {{-|Data Protection}}. Kod {{-|APFS}}, podobno kodu {{-|HFS+}}, koristaje komandu {{-|TRIM}} dlja lěpšej organizacije skladišča i povyšenja produktivnosti. Za sposob kalkulacije dostupnyh danyh v {{-|APFS}}, ona može povysiti bystrost čitanja i zapisi na {{-|iOS}} i {{-|macOS}}, a takože i objem skladišča na {{-|iOS}}-aparatah. === Shema razděla === {{-|APFS}} koristaje shemu razděla {{-|GPT (GUID Partition Table)}}. V jej ramkah nahodi se jedin ili bolje kontejnerov {{-|APFS}} (tip razděljenja {{-|GUID}} jest {{-|7C3457EF-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC}}). Vnutri každogo kontejnera nahodi se jedin ili nekoliko [[Tom (IT)|tomov]] {{-|APFS}}, ktore zajedno koristajut uděljeno prostranstvo kontejnera, i každy tom može izpolnjati rolju toma {{-|APFS}}. {{-|macOS 10.15 Catalina}} prědstavila grupu tomov {{-|APFS}}, ktore {{-|Finder}} odobražaje kako jedin tom. Firmlinky {{-|APFS}} nahodet se medžu tvrdymi i programnymi linkami, a takože svezyvajut toma. V {{-|macOS Catalina}} rolja toma <code>System</code> (obyčno nazvanogo "{{-|Macintosh HD}}") stala {{-|read-only}}, a v {{-|macOS 11 Big Sur}} ona stala podpisanym sistemnym tomom ({{-|SSV}}) i montujut se toliko snapšoty toma. Rolja toma <code>Data</code> (obyčno nazvanogo "{{-|Macintosh HD — Data}}") koristaje se kako overlej ili těnj toma <code>System</code>, i oba toma <code>System</code> i <code>Data</code> sut čestju jednoj grupy tomov i odobražajut se v {{-|Finder}} kako jedin tom. === Klony === [[Klonovanje danyh|Klonovanje]] dozvaljaje operacijnoj sistemě efektivno stvarjati kopije fajlov na jednom tomu bez koristanja dodatnogo prostranstva dlja skladovanja. Izměnjenja v klonovanom fajlu sut zapisany kako delta-ekstenty, čto umenšaje objem skladišča, potrěbnogo dlja redaktovanja i kopirovanja dokumentov. Jednako tut odsutstvuje [[interfejs]] dlja označenja dvoh kopij jednogo i togo že fajla kako klonov drugogo, ili dlja drugyh tipov deduplikacije danyh. Tuta funkcija avtomatično stanovi se dostupnoju, kogda koristnik kopiruje vsake fajly, koristajuči {{-|Finder}}, ktory jest prědustavjeny fajlovy menedžer v {{-|macOS}}, ale ne kogda koristaje <code>cp</code> komandu. Da by sdelati to v komandnoj liniji, <code>cp</code> utilita na {{-|macOS}} imaje <code>-c</code> parametr, ktory dozvaljaje koristati sistemny zov <code>clonefile</code>. === Snapšoty === Tomy {{-|APFS}} poddrživajut snapšoty dlja tvorjenja {{-|read-only}} ekzemplara fajlovoj sistemy na konkretny moment časa. === Šifrovanje === {{-|Apple File System}} početkovo poddrživaje polno šifrovanje diska i šifrovanje fajlov s nastupnymi opcijami: * bez šifrovanja; * šifrovanje jednym ključem; * šifrovanje několikymi ključami, kde každy fajl šifruje se jednym ključem, a metadane šifrujut se drugym ključem. === Uveličeno maksimalno čislo fajlov === {{-|APFS}} poddrživaje 64-bitne inody, čto dozvaljaje razměstiti bolje 9 [[kvintilion]]ov fajlov (2⁶³) na jednom tomu. === Integritet danyh === {{-|APFS}} koristaje kontroljne sumy dlja zabezpečenja integriteta metadanyh, ale ne dlja samyh danyh koristatelja, pověrjajuči se zaměsto togo na mehanizmy korigujučego koda ({{-|ECC}}) v aparatnom zabezpečenju skladovanja danyh. === Zaščita od upada === {{-|Apple File System}} jest razrabotana tako, da by odvratiti poškodženje metadanyh, izzvano [[Upad sistemy (IT)|upadom sistemy]]. Zaměsto prězapisa egzistujučih zapisov metadanyh, ona zapisyvaje kompletno nove zapisy, ukazyvaje na nove, a potom izpuščaje stare — to jest pristup, znajemy kako prěsměrovanje pri zapisu. Tuto dozvaljaje obojdti izzvanogo upadom v čas obnovjenja poškodženja zapisov, ktore sodrživajut čestično stare i čestično nove dane. Tuto takože dozvaljaje obojdti neobhodimost zapisyvati izměnjenja dvukratno, kako napriklad to děje se v žurnalisovanoj fajlovoj sistemě {{-|HFS+}}, kde izměnjenja na početku zapisyvajut se v žurnal, a potom v fajl kataloga. === Kompressija === {{-|APFS}} poddrživaje prozračno sgnetenje pojedinnyh fajlov s koristanjem algoritmov {{-|Deflate (Zlib)}}, {{-|LZVN (libFastCompression)}} i {{-|LZFSE}}. Vse tri algoritmy sut algoritmami tipa [[Algoritmy Lempelja-Ziva|Lempelja-Ziva]]. Tuta funkcija jest naslědovana od {{-|HFS+}} i realizovana s pomočju tojže sistemy {{-|AppleFSCompression / decmpfs}}, koristajučej resursne forky ili razširjene atributy. Kako i v slučaju s {{-|HFS+}}, prozračnost narušaje se dlja instrumentov, ktore ne koristajut procedury, obrnute v {{-|decmpfs}}. === Zajedno koristanje prostranstva === {{-|APFS}} dodavaje možnost razměščenja několikyh logičnyh diskov (nazyvanyh [[Tom (IT)|tomami]]) v jednom kontejneru, kde dlja vsih tomov v tutom kontejneru dostupno svobodno prostranstvo (bločny aparat). == Ograničenja == Bez obzira na mnogočislne ulěpšenja sravniteljno svojego prědhodnika, {{-|HFS+}}, byl ugleděny red nedostatkov. === Ograničena prověrka integriteta danyh koristatelja === {{-|APFS}} ne podavaje kontroljne sumy dlja danyh koristatelja. Ona takože ne koristaje prědnosti energonezavisnoj operativnoj pameti s bajtovoj adresacijeju. === Produktivnost na tvrdyh diskah === Prěčisljenje fajlov i vsakyh inodnyh metadanyh generalno děje se značno bolje pomalo v fajlovoj sistemě {{-|APFS}}, kogda oni sut razpoložene na {{-|[[Tvrdy disk|HDD]]}}. Tuto děje se tomu, že zaměsto skladovanja metadanyh v ustanovjenom městu, kako to dělaje {{-|HFS+}}, {{-|APFS}} skladuje s faktičnymi danymi fajla. Na {{-|SSD}} taka fragmentacija metadanyh jest neznačna iz-za odsutstva hodnyh čestij, ale na {{-|HDD}} ona privodi k značnomu sniženju produktivnosti aparata, pokoliko sčityvajuče/zapisyvajuče glavky diska dolžne fizično nahoditi razsějane fragmenty danyh. Čto bolje, ključnoju osoblivostju {{-|APFS}} jest klonovanje fajlov pri zapisu, ktoro dozvaljaje brzo dvojiti fajly, stvarjajuči linky na izhodne dane, a ne kopirujuči jih bezposrědno. Tuta funkcija dodavaje take možnosti, kako tvorjenje snapšotov i brzo kopirovanje fajlov. Jednako, kogda fajly izměnjajut se poslě kopirovanja, {{-|APFS}} stvorjaje nove ekstenty (bloky danyh) dlja vnesenyh izměnjenij, čto s časom privodi k boljšej fragmentaciji. Tutoj problem pogaršaje v takyh aplikacijah, kako {{-|Time Machine}} (mehanizm rezervnogo kopirovanja), ktore stvorjajut nekoliko versij fajlov, čto ješče bolje uveličaje fragmentaciju i spomaljaje produktivnost. Kako rezultat, koristanje {{-|APFS}} na {{-|HDD}} generalno ne prěporučaje se, osoblivo dlja rabočih natug, svezanyh s čestym izměnjenjem fajlov, kopirovanjem ili koristanjem snapšotov. === Suměstimost s {{-|Time Machine}}, vypuščenoju do {{-|macOS 11 Big Sur}} === V protivnosti k {{-|HFS+}}, {{-|APFS}} ne poddrživaje tvrde linky na katalogy. Pokoliko versija programnogo zabezpečenja {{-|Time Machine}}, vhodeča v sostav od {{-|Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard}} do {{-|macOS 10.15 Catalina}} vključno, koristala tvrde linky na katalogy, fajlova sistema {{-|APFS}} početkovo ne poddrživala se dlja rezervnyh tomov. Tuto ograničenje bylo odolěno, počinajuči od {{-|macOS Big Sur}}, kde {{-|APFS}} tutčas jest prědustavjena fajlova sistema dlja novyh rezervnyh kopij {{-|Time Machine}} (takože sut rezervne disky, odformatovane v {{-|HFS+}}, ktore kako prědže poddrživajut se). Realizacija {{-|Time Machine}} v {{-|macOS Big Sur}} v kombinaciji s diskami, odformatirovanymi v {{-|APFS}}, zabezpečaje "bolje brzo, kompaktno i věrodostojno rezervno kopirovanje", čim to bylo možno s rezervnymi diskami, odformatovanymi v {{-|HFS+}}. == Problemy bezpečnosti == * V marcu 2018 goda v drajveru {{-|APFS}} v {{-|macOS 10.12 High Sierra}} byla najdena grěška, iz-za ktoroj parola šifrovanja diska vvodila se v otvorjenom vidu. * V januaru 2021 goda v drajveru {{-|APFS}} dlja {{-|iOS}} < 14.4, {{-|macOS}} < 11.2, {{-|watchOS}} < 7.3, i {{-|tvOS}} < 14.4 byla najdena grěška, dozvaljajuča lokalnomu koristatelju čitati proizvoljne fajly nezavisno od jih prav dostupa. == Poddrživanje == === {{-|macOS}} === Eksperimentalna versija {{-|APFS}} s něktorymi ograničenjami zabezpečaje se v {{-|macOS Sierra}} 10.12.4. To jest dostupno s pomočju {{-|utility <code>diskutil</code>}} v komandnoj liniji. Srěd tutyh ograničenij slěduje ugleděti, čto on ne izpolnjaje normalizaciju {{-|Unicode}}, v protivnosti k {{-|HFS+}}, čto privodi k problemam s jezykami, s izključenjem anglijskogo. Disky, odformatovane s koristanjem versiji {{-|APFS}} iz {{-|macOS Sierra}}, takože mogut byti nekonsistentne s bolje pozdnymi versijami {{-|macOS}} ili {{-|APFS}}, a versija iz {{-|Sierra}} ne može koristati se s {{-|Time Machine}}, tomami {{-|FileVault}} ili {{-|Fusion Drives}}. Počinajuči od {{-|macOS 10.13 High Sierra}}, vse aparaty s fleš-pametju avtomatično prěobražajut se v fajlovu sistemu {{-|APFS}}. Počinajuči od {{-|macOS 10.14 Mojave}}, pri ustavjenju takože slučaje se obnovjenje {{-|Fusion Drive}} i tvrdyh diskov. Osnovny interfejs koristatelja dlja obnovjenja ne dozvaljaje možnosti odrěkti se od tutogo prěobraženja, i aparaty, odformatovane v versiji {{-|APFS}} dlja {{-|High Sierra}}, ne budut čitajeme v prědhodnyh versijah {{-|macOS}}. Koristatelji mogut odključiti prěobraženje v {{-|APFS}}, koristajuči utilitu ustanovnika <code>startosinstall</code> v komandnoj liniji i doručajuči parametr <code>--converttoapfs NO</code>. Počinajuči od {{-|macOS Big Sur}} 11.2.1, tomy {{-|FileVault}} ne prěobražajut se v {{-|APFS}}. Zaměsto togo {{-|macOS}} formatuje vněšne disky {{-|FileVault}} kako logične tomy {{-|CoreStorage}}, odformatovane v formatu {{-|Mac OS Extended (Journaled)}}. Disky {{-|FileVault}} mogut byti dodatno zašifrovane. === {{-|iOS}}, {{-|tvOS}} i {{-|watchOS}} === {{-|iOS}} 10.3, {{-|tvOS}} 10.2 i {{-|watchOS}} 3.2 prěobražajut egzistujuču fajlovu sistemu {{-|HFSX}} v {{-|APFS}} na suměstimyh aparatah. == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} {{Prěvod|en|Apple File System}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} [[Kategorija:Operacijne sistemy]] [[Kategorija:Apple]] [[Kategorija:Операцијне системы]] {{INTERWIKI|Q24577174}} g6uni5mdihjuh05x04p6hesh3rc3zpf 27768 27767 2026-07-01T17:14:16Z Ilja isv 10 /* macOS */ 27768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka fajlova sistema | name = {{-|APFS}} | full_name = {{-|Apple File System}} | developer = {{-|[[Apple Inc.]]}} | introduction_os = {{-|[[IOS 10|iOS 10.3]], [[MacOS High Sierra|macOS 10.13]]}} | introduction_date = {{-|'''iOS''':}} {{Start date and age|2017|03|27| p=y}}<br/> {{-|'''[[macOS]]''':}} {{Start date and age|2017|09|25| p=y}}<br/> | preceded_by = {{-|[[HFS Plus]]}} | succeeded_by = | partition_id = <code>7C3457EF-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC</code> {{-|([[GUID Partition Table|GPT]])}} | directory_struct = {{-|[[B-tree]]}}<ref name="hansenToolan2017">{{Cite journal|last1=Hansen|first1=K.H.|last2=Toolan|first2=F.|date=September 21, 2017|title=Decoding the APFS file system|journal=Digital Investigation|volume=22|pages=107–132|doi=10.1016/j.diin.2017.07.003|issn=1742-2876|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | max_files_no = 9,223,372,036,854,775,808<ref name="appleVolumeComparision"/> | max_file_size = {{-|8 [[Egzabajt|EB]] (9,223,372,036,854,775,808 bajt)}}<ref name="appleVolumeComparision">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/VolumeFormatComparison/VolumeFormatComparison.html|title=Volume Format Comparison|website=Apple Developer|language=en|access-date=May 25, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | date_range = 01/01/1970 – 21/07/2554<ref name="hansenToolan2017"/> | date_resolution = 1 [[Nanosekunda|ns]]<ref name="appleVolumeComparision"/> | max_filename_size = | filename_character_set = {{-|[[Unicode|Unicode 9.0]]}} v kodovanju {{-|[[UTF-8]]}}<ref name="appleApfsFaq2018">{{Cite web|title=Apple File System Guide / Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/FAQ/FAQ.html|access-date=May 25, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | dates_recorded = {{-|access, attributes modified, contents modified, created}} | file_system_permissions = Dozvoljenja {{-|Unix, [[NFSv4]] ACL}} | compression = Čestična {{-|(decmpfs)}}<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bertin |first1=René |title=Compression and APFS |url=https://github.com/RJVB/afsctool/issues/3 |website=Github |access-date=2 February 2019}}</ref> | encryption = Da<ref name="appleFileSystemGuide">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/file_system/about_apple_file_system|author=Apple Inc|title=Apple File System Guide (Features)|access-date=December 16, 2023|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | copy_on_write = Da<ref name="appleApfsFaq2018"/><ref name="appleFileSystemGuide"/> | OS = {{-|[[macOS]], [[iPadOS]], [[iOS]], [[tvOS]], [[watchOS]], [[visionOS]]}} | website = <!-- {{URL|https://developers.apple.com/}} --> }} {{-|'''Apple File System''' ('''APFS''')}} jest [[Proprijetarnost|proprijetarna]] [[fajlova sistema]], razrabotana i razprostranjena {{-|[[Apple Inc.]]}} dlja {{-|[[macOS Sierra]]}} (10.12.4) i bolje pozdnyh versij, {{-|[[iOS]] 10.3, [[tvOS]] 10.2, [[watchOS]] 3.2}}, i vsih versij {{-|[[iPadOS]]}}. Jej cělj jest izpraviti osnovne problemy {{-|[[HFS Plus|HFS+]]}} (takože izvěstnoj kako {{-|[[Mac OS Extended]]}}), prědhodnika, ktory byl v upotrěbjenju s 1998 goda. {{-|APFS}} jest optimizovana dlja skladovanja danyh na {{-|[[Tvrdotělno skladišče|SSD]]}} i poddrživaje [[šifrovanje]], [[snapšot]]y i izlěpšeno obrabotyvanje integriteta [[Metadane|metadanyh]]. == Historija == {{-|Apple File System}} byla prědstavjena na konferenciji razrabotnikov {{-|Apple (WWDC)}} v juniju 2016 kako zaměna {{-|HFS+}}, ktora byla v upotrěbjenju s 1998 goda. {{-|APFS}} byla izpuščena dlja 64-bitnyh {{-|iOS}}-aparatov 27 marca 2017 goda s izpuščenjem {{-|iOS}} 10.3, i dlja {{-|macOS}}-aparatov 25 septembra togo že goda s izpuščenjem {{-|macOS 10.13 High Sierra}}. V septembru 2018 goda {{-|Apple}} jest izpustila čestičnu specifikaciju za {{-|APFS}}, ktora poddrživala {{-|read-only}} dostup k njej na zašifrovanyh aparatah skladovanja danyh, ne koristajučih tehnologiju {{-|Fusion}}. Specifikacija dlja programnogo šifrovanja byla zadokumentovana pozdněje. == Ustroj == Tuta fajlova sistema može koristati se na aparatah s odnosno maloju ili velikoju kolikostju skladišča. Ona koristaje 64-bitne [[inod]]y i dostavjaje vyše bezpečno skladovanje s pomočju tehnologije {{-|Data Protection}}. Kod {{-|APFS}}, podobno kodu {{-|HFS+}}, koristaje komandu {{-|TRIM}} dlja lěpšej organizacije skladišča i povyšenja produktivnosti. Za sposob kalkulacije dostupnyh danyh v {{-|APFS}}, ona može povysiti bystrost čitanja i zapisi na {{-|iOS}} i {{-|macOS}}, a takože i objem skladišča na {{-|iOS}}-aparatah. === Shema razděla === {{-|APFS}} koristaje shemu razděla {{-|GPT (GUID Partition Table)}}. V jej ramkah nahodi se jedin ili bolje kontejnerov {{-|APFS}} (tip razděljenja {{-|GUID}} jest {{-|7C3457EF-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC}}). Vnutri každogo kontejnera nahodi se jedin ili nekoliko [[Tom (IT)|tomov]] {{-|APFS}}, ktore zajedno koristajut uděljeno prostranstvo kontejnera, i každy tom može izpolnjati rolju toma {{-|APFS}}. {{-|macOS 10.15 Catalina}} prědstavila grupu tomov {{-|APFS}}, ktore {{-|Finder}} odobražaje kako jedin tom. Firmlinky {{-|APFS}} nahodet se medžu tvrdymi i programnymi linkami, a takože svezyvajut toma. V {{-|macOS Catalina}} rolja toma <code>System</code> (obyčno nazvanogo "{{-|Macintosh HD}}") stala {{-|read-only}}, a v {{-|macOS 11 Big Sur}} ona stala podpisanym sistemnym tomom ({{-|SSV}}) i montujut se toliko snapšoty toma. Rolja toma <code>Data</code> (obyčno nazvanogo "{{-|Macintosh HD — Data}}") koristaje se kako overlej ili těnj toma <code>System</code>, i oba toma <code>System</code> i <code>Data</code> sut čestju jednoj grupy tomov i odobražajut se v {{-|Finder}} kako jedin tom. === Klony === [[Klonovanje danyh|Klonovanje]] dozvaljaje operacijnoj sistemě efektivno stvarjati kopije fajlov na jednom tomu bez koristanja dodatnogo prostranstva dlja skladovanja. Izměnjenja v klonovanom fajlu sut zapisany kako delta-ekstenty, čto umenšaje objem skladišča, potrěbnogo dlja redaktovanja i kopirovanja dokumentov. Jednako tut odsutstvuje [[interfejs]] dlja označenja dvoh kopij jednogo i togo že fajla kako klonov drugogo, ili dlja drugyh tipov deduplikacije danyh. Tuta funkcija avtomatično stanovi se dostupnoju, kogda koristnik kopiruje vsake fajly, koristajuči {{-|Finder}}, ktory jest prědustavjeny fajlovy menedžer v {{-|macOS}}, ale ne kogda koristaje <code>cp</code> komandu. Da by sdelati to v komandnoj liniji, <code>cp</code> utilita na {{-|macOS}} imaje <code>-c</code> parametr, ktory dozvaljaje koristati sistemny zov <code>clonefile</code>. === Snapšoty === Tomy {{-|APFS}} poddrživajut snapšoty dlja tvorjenja {{-|read-only}} ekzemplara fajlovoj sistemy na konkretny moment časa. === Šifrovanje === {{-|Apple File System}} početkovo poddrživaje polno šifrovanje diska i šifrovanje fajlov s nastupnymi opcijami: * bez šifrovanja; * šifrovanje jednym ključem; * šifrovanje několikymi ključami, kde každy fajl šifruje se jednym ključem, a metadane šifrujut se drugym ključem. === Uveličeno maksimalno čislo fajlov === {{-|APFS}} poddrživaje 64-bitne inody, čto dozvaljaje razměstiti bolje 9 [[kvintilion]]ov fajlov (2⁶³) na jednom tomu. === Integritet danyh === {{-|APFS}} koristaje kontroljne sumy dlja zabezpečenja integriteta metadanyh, ale ne dlja samyh danyh koristatelja, pověrjajuči se zaměsto togo na mehanizmy korigujučego koda ({{-|ECC}}) v aparatnom zabezpečenju skladovanja danyh. === Zaščita od upada === {{-|Apple File System}} jest razrabotana tako, da by odvratiti poškodženje metadanyh, izzvano [[Upad sistemy (IT)|upadom sistemy]]. Zaměsto prězapisa egzistujučih zapisov metadanyh, ona zapisyvaje kompletno nove zapisy, ukazyvaje na nove, a potom izpuščaje stare — to jest pristup, znajemy kako prěsměrovanje pri zapisu. Tuto dozvaljaje obojdti izzvanogo upadom v čas obnovjenja poškodženja zapisov, ktore sodrživajut čestično stare i čestično nove dane. Tuto takože dozvaljaje obojdti neobhodimost zapisyvati izměnjenja dvukratno, kako napriklad to děje se v žurnalisovanoj fajlovoj sistemě {{-|HFS+}}, kde izměnjenja na početku zapisyvajut se v žurnal, a potom v fajl kataloga. === Kompressija === {{-|APFS}} poddrživaje prozračno sgnetenje pojedinnyh fajlov s koristanjem algoritmov {{-|Deflate (Zlib)}}, {{-|LZVN (libFastCompression)}} i {{-|LZFSE}}. Vse tri algoritmy sut algoritmami tipa [[Algoritmy Lempelja-Ziva|Lempelja-Ziva]]. Tuta funkcija jest naslědovana od {{-|HFS+}} i realizovana s pomočju tojže sistemy {{-|AppleFSCompression / decmpfs}}, koristajučej resursne forky ili razširjene atributy. Kako i v slučaju s {{-|HFS+}}, prozračnost narušaje se dlja instrumentov, ktore ne koristajut procedury, obrnute v {{-|decmpfs}}. === Zajedno koristanje prostranstva === {{-|APFS}} dodavaje možnost razměščenja několikyh logičnyh diskov (nazyvanyh [[Tom (IT)|tomami]]) v jednom kontejneru, kde dlja vsih tomov v tutom kontejneru dostupno svobodno prostranstvo (bločny aparat). == Ograničenja == Bez obzira na mnogočislne ulěpšenja sravniteljno svojego prědhodnika, {{-|HFS+}}, byl ugleděny red nedostatkov. === Ograničena prověrka integriteta danyh koristatelja === {{-|APFS}} ne podavaje kontroljne sumy dlja danyh koristatelja. Ona takože ne koristaje prědnosti energonezavisnoj operativnoj pameti s bajtovoj adresacijeju. === Produktivnost na tvrdyh diskah === Prěčisljenje fajlov i vsakyh inodnyh metadanyh generalno děje se značno bolje pomalo v fajlovoj sistemě {{-|APFS}}, kogda oni sut razpoložene na {{-|[[Tvrdy disk|HDD]]}}. Tuto děje se tomu, že zaměsto skladovanja metadanyh v ustanovjenom městu, kako to dělaje {{-|HFS+}}, {{-|APFS}} skladuje s faktičnymi danymi fajla. Na {{-|SSD}} taka fragmentacija metadanyh jest neznačna iz-za odsutstva hodnyh čestij, ale na {{-|HDD}} ona privodi k značnomu sniženju produktivnosti aparata, pokoliko sčityvajuče/zapisyvajuče glavky diska dolžne fizično nahoditi razsějane fragmenty danyh. Čto bolje, ključnoju osoblivostju {{-|APFS}} jest klonovanje fajlov pri zapisu, ktoro dozvaljaje brzo dvojiti fajly, stvarjajuči linky na izhodne dane, a ne kopirujuči jih bezposrědno. Tuta funkcija dodavaje take možnosti, kako tvorjenje snapšotov i brzo kopirovanje fajlov. Jednako, kogda fajly izměnjajut se poslě kopirovanja, {{-|APFS}} stvorjaje nove ekstenty (bloky danyh) dlja vnesenyh izměnjenij, čto s časom privodi k boljšej fragmentaciji. Tutoj problem pogaršaje v takyh aplikacijah, kako {{-|Time Machine}} (mehanizm rezervnogo kopirovanja), ktore stvorjajut nekoliko versij fajlov, čto ješče bolje uveličaje fragmentaciju i spomaljaje produktivnost. Kako rezultat, koristanje {{-|APFS}} na {{-|HDD}} generalno ne prěporučaje se, osoblivo dlja rabočih natug, svezanyh s čestym izměnjenjem fajlov, kopirovanjem ili koristanjem snapšotov. === Suměstimost s {{-|Time Machine}}, vypuščenoju do {{-|macOS 11 Big Sur}} === V protivnosti k {{-|HFS+}}, {{-|APFS}} ne poddrživaje tvrde linky na katalogy. Pokoliko versija programnogo zabezpečenja {{-|Time Machine}}, vhodeča v sostav od {{-|Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard}} do {{-|macOS 10.15 Catalina}} vključno, koristala tvrde linky na katalogy, fajlova sistema {{-|APFS}} početkovo ne poddrživala se dlja rezervnyh tomov. Tuto ograničenje bylo odolěno, počinajuči od {{-|macOS Big Sur}}, kde {{-|APFS}} tutčas jest prědustavjena fajlova sistema dlja novyh rezervnyh kopij {{-|Time Machine}} (takože sut rezervne disky, odformatovane v {{-|HFS+}}, ktore kako prědže poddrživajut se). Realizacija {{-|Time Machine}} v {{-|macOS Big Sur}} v kombinaciji s diskami, odformatirovanymi v {{-|APFS}}, zabezpečaje "bolje brzo, kompaktno i věrodostojno rezervno kopirovanje", čim to bylo možno s rezervnymi diskami, odformatovanymi v {{-|HFS+}}. == Problemy bezpečnosti == * V marcu 2018 goda v drajveru {{-|APFS}} v {{-|macOS 10.12 High Sierra}} byla najdena grěška, iz-za ktoroj parola šifrovanja diska vvodila se v otvorjenom vidu. * V januaru 2021 goda v drajveru {{-|APFS}} dlja {{-|iOS}} < 14.4, {{-|macOS}} < 11.2, {{-|watchOS}} < 7.3, i {{-|tvOS}} < 14.4 byla najdena grěška, dozvaljajuča lokalnomu koristatelju čitati proizvoljne fajly nezavisno od jih prav dostupa. == Poddrživanje == === {{-|macOS}} === Eksperimentalna versija {{-|APFS}} s něktorymi ograničenjami zabezpečaje se v {{-|[[macOS]]Sierra}} 10.12.4. To jest dostupno s pomočju {{-|utility <code>diskutil</code>}} v komandnoj liniji. Srěd tutyh ograničenij slěduje ugleděti, čto on ne izpolnjaje normalizaciju {{-|Unicode}}, v protivnosti k {{-|HFS+}}, čto privodi k problemam s jezykami, s izključenjem anglijskogo. Disky, odformatovane s koristanjem versiji {{-|APFS}} iz {{-|macOS Sierra}}, takože mogut byti nekonsistentne s bolje pozdnymi versijami {{-|macOS}} ili {{-|APFS}}, a versija iz {{-|Sierra}} ne može koristati se s {{-|Time Machine}}, tomami {{-|FileVault}} ili {{-|Fusion Drives}}. Počinajuči od {{-|macOS 10.13 High Sierra}}, vse aparaty s fleš-pametju avtomatično prěobražajut se v fajlovu sistemu {{-|APFS}}. Počinajuči od {{-|macOS 10.14 Mojave}}, pri ustavjenju takože slučaje se obnovjenje {{-|Fusion Drive}} i tvrdyh diskov. Osnovny interfejs koristatelja dlja obnovjenja ne dozvaljaje možnosti odrěkti se od tutogo prěobraženja, i aparaty, odformatovane v versiji {{-|APFS}} dlja {{-|High Sierra}}, ne budut čitajeme v prědhodnyh versijah {{-|macOS}}. Koristatelji mogut odključiti prěobraženje v {{-|APFS}}, koristajuči utilitu ustanovnika <code>startosinstall</code> v komandnoj liniji i doručajuči parametr <code>--converttoapfs NO</code>. Počinajuči od {{-|macOS Big Sur}} 11.2.1, tomy {{-|FileVault}} ne prěobražajut se v {{-|APFS}}. Zaměsto togo {{-|macOS}} formatuje vněšne disky {{-|FileVault}} kako logične tomy {{-|CoreStorage}}, odformatovane v formatu {{-|Mac OS Extended (Journaled)}}. Disky {{-|FileVault}} mogut byti dodatno zašifrovane. === {{-|iOS}}, {{-|tvOS}} i {{-|watchOS}} === {{-|iOS}} 10.3, {{-|tvOS}} 10.2 i {{-|watchOS}} 3.2 prěobražajut egzistujuču fajlovu sistemu {{-|HFSX}} v {{-|APFS}} na suměstimyh aparatah. == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} {{Prěvod|en|Apple File System}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} [[Kategorija:Operacijne sistemy]] [[Kategorija:Apple]] [[Kategorija:Операцијне системы]] {{INTERWIKI|Q24577174}} lwc3bc9adgu93abzqj6we3k9afdo5r5 27769 27768 2026-07-01T17:14:36Z Ilja isv 10 /* macOS */ 27769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka fajlova sistema | name = {{-|APFS}} | full_name = {{-|Apple File System}} | developer = {{-|[[Apple Inc.]]}} | introduction_os = {{-|[[IOS 10|iOS 10.3]], [[MacOS High Sierra|macOS 10.13]]}} | introduction_date = {{-|'''iOS''':}} {{Start date and age|2017|03|27| p=y}}<br/> {{-|'''[[macOS]]''':}} {{Start date and age|2017|09|25| p=y}}<br/> | preceded_by = {{-|[[HFS Plus]]}} | succeeded_by = | partition_id = <code>7C3457EF-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC</code> {{-|([[GUID Partition Table|GPT]])}} | directory_struct = {{-|[[B-tree]]}}<ref name="hansenToolan2017">{{Cite journal|last1=Hansen|first1=K.H.|last2=Toolan|first2=F.|date=September 21, 2017|title=Decoding the APFS file system|journal=Digital Investigation|volume=22|pages=107–132|doi=10.1016/j.diin.2017.07.003|issn=1742-2876|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | max_files_no = 9,223,372,036,854,775,808<ref name="appleVolumeComparision"/> | max_file_size = {{-|8 [[Egzabajt|EB]] (9,223,372,036,854,775,808 bajt)}}<ref name="appleVolumeComparision">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/VolumeFormatComparison/VolumeFormatComparison.html|title=Volume Format Comparison|website=Apple Developer|language=en|access-date=May 25, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | date_range = 01/01/1970 – 21/07/2554<ref name="hansenToolan2017"/> | date_resolution = 1 [[Nanosekunda|ns]]<ref name="appleVolumeComparision"/> | max_filename_size = | filename_character_set = {{-|[[Unicode|Unicode 9.0]]}} v kodovanju {{-|[[UTF-8]]}}<ref name="appleApfsFaq2018">{{Cite web|title=Apple File System Guide / Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/FAQ/FAQ.html|access-date=May 25, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | dates_recorded = {{-|access, attributes modified, contents modified, created}} | file_system_permissions = Dozvoljenja {{-|Unix, [[NFSv4]] ACL}} | compression = Čestična {{-|(decmpfs)}}<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bertin |first1=René |title=Compression and APFS |url=https://github.com/RJVB/afsctool/issues/3 |website=Github |access-date=2 February 2019}}</ref> | encryption = Da<ref name="appleFileSystemGuide">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/file_system/about_apple_file_system|author=Apple Inc|title=Apple File System Guide (Features)|access-date=December 16, 2023|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | copy_on_write = Da<ref name="appleApfsFaq2018"/><ref name="appleFileSystemGuide"/> | OS = {{-|[[macOS]], [[iPadOS]], [[iOS]], [[tvOS]], [[watchOS]], [[visionOS]]}} | website = <!-- {{URL|https://developers.apple.com/}} --> }} {{-|'''Apple File System''' ('''APFS''')}} jest [[Proprijetarnost|proprijetarna]] [[fajlova sistema]], razrabotana i razprostranjena {{-|[[Apple Inc.]]}} dlja {{-|[[macOS Sierra]]}} (10.12.4) i bolje pozdnyh versij, {{-|[[iOS]] 10.3, [[tvOS]] 10.2, [[watchOS]] 3.2}}, i vsih versij {{-|[[iPadOS]]}}. Jej cělj jest izpraviti osnovne problemy {{-|[[HFS Plus|HFS+]]}} (takože izvěstnoj kako {{-|[[Mac OS Extended]]}}), prědhodnika, ktory byl v upotrěbjenju s 1998 goda. {{-|APFS}} jest optimizovana dlja skladovanja danyh na {{-|[[Tvrdotělno skladišče|SSD]]}} i poddrživaje [[šifrovanje]], [[snapšot]]y i izlěpšeno obrabotyvanje integriteta [[Metadane|metadanyh]]. == Historija == {{-|Apple File System}} byla prědstavjena na konferenciji razrabotnikov {{-|Apple (WWDC)}} v juniju 2016 kako zaměna {{-|HFS+}}, ktora byla v upotrěbjenju s 1998 goda. {{-|APFS}} byla izpuščena dlja 64-bitnyh {{-|iOS}}-aparatov 27 marca 2017 goda s izpuščenjem {{-|iOS}} 10.3, i dlja {{-|macOS}}-aparatov 25 septembra togo že goda s izpuščenjem {{-|macOS 10.13 High Sierra}}. V septembru 2018 goda {{-|Apple}} jest izpustila čestičnu specifikaciju za {{-|APFS}}, ktora poddrživala {{-|read-only}} dostup k njej na zašifrovanyh aparatah skladovanja danyh, ne koristajučih tehnologiju {{-|Fusion}}. Specifikacija dlja programnogo šifrovanja byla zadokumentovana pozdněje. == Ustroj == Tuta fajlova sistema može koristati se na aparatah s odnosno maloju ili velikoju kolikostju skladišča. Ona koristaje 64-bitne [[inod]]y i dostavjaje vyše bezpečno skladovanje s pomočju tehnologije {{-|Data Protection}}. Kod {{-|APFS}}, podobno kodu {{-|HFS+}}, koristaje komandu {{-|TRIM}} dlja lěpšej organizacije skladišča i povyšenja produktivnosti. Za sposob kalkulacije dostupnyh danyh v {{-|APFS}}, ona može povysiti bystrost čitanja i zapisi na {{-|iOS}} i {{-|macOS}}, a takože i objem skladišča na {{-|iOS}}-aparatah. === Shema razděla === {{-|APFS}} koristaje shemu razděla {{-|GPT (GUID Partition Table)}}. V jej ramkah nahodi se jedin ili bolje kontejnerov {{-|APFS}} (tip razděljenja {{-|GUID}} jest {{-|7C3457EF-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC}}). Vnutri každogo kontejnera nahodi se jedin ili nekoliko [[Tom (IT)|tomov]] {{-|APFS}}, ktore zajedno koristajut uděljeno prostranstvo kontejnera, i každy tom može izpolnjati rolju toma {{-|APFS}}. {{-|macOS 10.15 Catalina}} prědstavila grupu tomov {{-|APFS}}, ktore {{-|Finder}} odobražaje kako jedin tom. Firmlinky {{-|APFS}} nahodet se medžu tvrdymi i programnymi linkami, a takože svezyvajut toma. V {{-|macOS Catalina}} rolja toma <code>System</code> (obyčno nazvanogo "{{-|Macintosh HD}}") stala {{-|read-only}}, a v {{-|macOS 11 Big Sur}} ona stala podpisanym sistemnym tomom ({{-|SSV}}) i montujut se toliko snapšoty toma. Rolja toma <code>Data</code> (obyčno nazvanogo "{{-|Macintosh HD — Data}}") koristaje se kako overlej ili těnj toma <code>System</code>, i oba toma <code>System</code> i <code>Data</code> sut čestju jednoj grupy tomov i odobražajut se v {{-|Finder}} kako jedin tom. === Klony === [[Klonovanje danyh|Klonovanje]] dozvaljaje operacijnoj sistemě efektivno stvarjati kopije fajlov na jednom tomu bez koristanja dodatnogo prostranstva dlja skladovanja. Izměnjenja v klonovanom fajlu sut zapisany kako delta-ekstenty, čto umenšaje objem skladišča, potrěbnogo dlja redaktovanja i kopirovanja dokumentov. Jednako tut odsutstvuje [[interfejs]] dlja označenja dvoh kopij jednogo i togo že fajla kako klonov drugogo, ili dlja drugyh tipov deduplikacije danyh. Tuta funkcija avtomatično stanovi se dostupnoju, kogda koristnik kopiruje vsake fajly, koristajuči {{-|Finder}}, ktory jest prědustavjeny fajlovy menedžer v {{-|macOS}}, ale ne kogda koristaje <code>cp</code> komandu. Da by sdelati to v komandnoj liniji, <code>cp</code> utilita na {{-|macOS}} imaje <code>-c</code> parametr, ktory dozvaljaje koristati sistemny zov <code>clonefile</code>. === Snapšoty === Tomy {{-|APFS}} poddrživajut snapšoty dlja tvorjenja {{-|read-only}} ekzemplara fajlovoj sistemy na konkretny moment časa. === Šifrovanje === {{-|Apple File System}} početkovo poddrživaje polno šifrovanje diska i šifrovanje fajlov s nastupnymi opcijami: * bez šifrovanja; * šifrovanje jednym ključem; * šifrovanje několikymi ključami, kde každy fajl šifruje se jednym ključem, a metadane šifrujut se drugym ključem. === Uveličeno maksimalno čislo fajlov === {{-|APFS}} poddrživaje 64-bitne inody, čto dozvaljaje razměstiti bolje 9 [[kvintilion]]ov fajlov (2⁶³) na jednom tomu. === Integritet danyh === {{-|APFS}} koristaje kontroljne sumy dlja zabezpečenja integriteta metadanyh, ale ne dlja samyh danyh koristatelja, pověrjajuči se zaměsto togo na mehanizmy korigujučego koda ({{-|ECC}}) v aparatnom zabezpečenju skladovanja danyh. === Zaščita od upada === {{-|Apple File System}} jest razrabotana tako, da by odvratiti poškodženje metadanyh, izzvano [[Upad sistemy (IT)|upadom sistemy]]. Zaměsto prězapisa egzistujučih zapisov metadanyh, ona zapisyvaje kompletno nove zapisy, ukazyvaje na nove, a potom izpuščaje stare — to jest pristup, znajemy kako prěsměrovanje pri zapisu. Tuto dozvaljaje obojdti izzvanogo upadom v čas obnovjenja poškodženja zapisov, ktore sodrživajut čestično stare i čestično nove dane. Tuto takože dozvaljaje obojdti neobhodimost zapisyvati izměnjenja dvukratno, kako napriklad to děje se v žurnalisovanoj fajlovoj sistemě {{-|HFS+}}, kde izměnjenja na početku zapisyvajut se v žurnal, a potom v fajl kataloga. === Kompressija === {{-|APFS}} poddrživaje prozračno sgnetenje pojedinnyh fajlov s koristanjem algoritmov {{-|Deflate (Zlib)}}, {{-|LZVN (libFastCompression)}} i {{-|LZFSE}}. Vse tri algoritmy sut algoritmami tipa [[Algoritmy Lempelja-Ziva|Lempelja-Ziva]]. Tuta funkcija jest naslědovana od {{-|HFS+}} i realizovana s pomočju tojže sistemy {{-|AppleFSCompression / decmpfs}}, koristajučej resursne forky ili razširjene atributy. Kako i v slučaju s {{-|HFS+}}, prozračnost narušaje se dlja instrumentov, ktore ne koristajut procedury, obrnute v {{-|decmpfs}}. === Zajedno koristanje prostranstva === {{-|APFS}} dodavaje možnost razměščenja několikyh logičnyh diskov (nazyvanyh [[Tom (IT)|tomami]]) v jednom kontejneru, kde dlja vsih tomov v tutom kontejneru dostupno svobodno prostranstvo (bločny aparat). == Ograničenja == Bez obzira na mnogočislne ulěpšenja sravniteljno svojego prědhodnika, {{-|HFS+}}, byl ugleděny red nedostatkov. === Ograničena prověrka integriteta danyh koristatelja === {{-|APFS}} ne podavaje kontroljne sumy dlja danyh koristatelja. Ona takože ne koristaje prědnosti energonezavisnoj operativnoj pameti s bajtovoj adresacijeju. === Produktivnost na tvrdyh diskah === Prěčisljenje fajlov i vsakyh inodnyh metadanyh generalno děje se značno bolje pomalo v fajlovoj sistemě {{-|APFS}}, kogda oni sut razpoložene na {{-|[[Tvrdy disk|HDD]]}}. Tuto děje se tomu, že zaměsto skladovanja metadanyh v ustanovjenom městu, kako to dělaje {{-|HFS+}}, {{-|APFS}} skladuje s faktičnymi danymi fajla. Na {{-|SSD}} taka fragmentacija metadanyh jest neznačna iz-za odsutstva hodnyh čestij, ale na {{-|HDD}} ona privodi k značnomu sniženju produktivnosti aparata, pokoliko sčityvajuče/zapisyvajuče glavky diska dolžne fizično nahoditi razsějane fragmenty danyh. Čto bolje, ključnoju osoblivostju {{-|APFS}} jest klonovanje fajlov pri zapisu, ktoro dozvaljaje brzo dvojiti fajly, stvarjajuči linky na izhodne dane, a ne kopirujuči jih bezposrědno. Tuta funkcija dodavaje take možnosti, kako tvorjenje snapšotov i brzo kopirovanje fajlov. Jednako, kogda fajly izměnjajut se poslě kopirovanja, {{-|APFS}} stvorjaje nove ekstenty (bloky danyh) dlja vnesenyh izměnjenij, čto s časom privodi k boljšej fragmentaciji. Tutoj problem pogaršaje v takyh aplikacijah, kako {{-|Time Machine}} (mehanizm rezervnogo kopirovanja), ktore stvorjajut nekoliko versij fajlov, čto ješče bolje uveličaje fragmentaciju i spomaljaje produktivnost. Kako rezultat, koristanje {{-|APFS}} na {{-|HDD}} generalno ne prěporučaje se, osoblivo dlja rabočih natug, svezanyh s čestym izměnjenjem fajlov, kopirovanjem ili koristanjem snapšotov. === Suměstimost s {{-|Time Machine}}, vypuščenoju do {{-|macOS 11 Big Sur}} === V protivnosti k {{-|HFS+}}, {{-|APFS}} ne poddrživaje tvrde linky na katalogy. Pokoliko versija programnogo zabezpečenja {{-|Time Machine}}, vhodeča v sostav od {{-|Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard}} do {{-|macOS 10.15 Catalina}} vključno, koristala tvrde linky na katalogy, fajlova sistema {{-|APFS}} početkovo ne poddrživala se dlja rezervnyh tomov. Tuto ograničenje bylo odolěno, počinajuči od {{-|macOS Big Sur}}, kde {{-|APFS}} tutčas jest prědustavjena fajlova sistema dlja novyh rezervnyh kopij {{-|Time Machine}} (takože sut rezervne disky, odformatovane v {{-|HFS+}}, ktore kako prědže poddrživajut se). Realizacija {{-|Time Machine}} v {{-|macOS Big Sur}} v kombinaciji s diskami, odformatirovanymi v {{-|APFS}}, zabezpečaje "bolje brzo, kompaktno i věrodostojno rezervno kopirovanje", čim to bylo možno s rezervnymi diskami, odformatovanymi v {{-|HFS+}}. == Problemy bezpečnosti == * V marcu 2018 goda v drajveru {{-|APFS}} v {{-|macOS 10.12 High Sierra}} byla najdena grěška, iz-za ktoroj parola šifrovanja diska vvodila se v otvorjenom vidu. * V januaru 2021 goda v drajveru {{-|APFS}} dlja {{-|iOS}} < 14.4, {{-|macOS}} < 11.2, {{-|watchOS}} < 7.3, i {{-|tvOS}} < 14.4 byla najdena grěška, dozvaljajuča lokalnomu koristatelju čitati proizvoljne fajly nezavisno od jih prav dostupa. == Poddrživanje == === {{-|macOS}} === Eksperimentalna versija {{-|APFS}} s něktorymi ograničenjami zabezpečaje se v {{-|[[macOS]] Sierra}} 10.12.4. To jest dostupno s pomočju {{-|utility <code>diskutil</code>}} v komandnoj liniji. Srěd tutyh ograničenij slěduje ugleděti, čto on ne izpolnjaje normalizaciju {{-|Unicode}}, v protivnosti k {{-|HFS+}}, čto privodi k problemam s jezykami, s izključenjem anglijskogo. Disky, odformatovane s koristanjem versiji {{-|APFS}} iz {{-|macOS Sierra}}, takože mogut byti nekonsistentne s bolje pozdnymi versijami {{-|macOS}} ili {{-|APFS}}, a versija iz {{-|Sierra}} ne može koristati se s {{-|Time Machine}}, tomami {{-|FileVault}} ili {{-|Fusion Drives}}. Počinajuči od {{-|macOS 10.13 High Sierra}}, vse aparaty s fleš-pametju avtomatično prěobražajut se v fajlovu sistemu {{-|APFS}}. Počinajuči od {{-|macOS 10.14 Mojave}}, pri ustavjenju takože slučaje se obnovjenje {{-|Fusion Drive}} i tvrdyh diskov. Osnovny interfejs koristatelja dlja obnovjenja ne dozvaljaje možnosti odrěkti se od tutogo prěobraženja, i aparaty, odformatovane v versiji {{-|APFS}} dlja {{-|High Sierra}}, ne budut čitajeme v prědhodnyh versijah {{-|macOS}}. Koristatelji mogut odključiti prěobraženje v {{-|APFS}}, koristajuči utilitu ustanovnika <code>startosinstall</code> v komandnoj liniji i doručajuči parametr <code>--converttoapfs NO</code>. Počinajuči od {{-|macOS Big Sur}} 11.2.1, tomy {{-|FileVault}} ne prěobražajut se v {{-|APFS}}. Zaměsto togo {{-|macOS}} formatuje vněšne disky {{-|FileVault}} kako logične tomy {{-|CoreStorage}}, odformatovane v formatu {{-|Mac OS Extended (Journaled)}}. Disky {{-|FileVault}} mogut byti dodatno zašifrovane. === {{-|iOS}}, {{-|tvOS}} i {{-|watchOS}} === {{-|iOS}} 10.3, {{-|tvOS}} 10.2 i {{-|watchOS}} 3.2 prěobražajut egzistujuču fajlovu sistemu {{-|HFSX}} v {{-|APFS}} na suměstimyh aparatah. == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} {{Prěvod|en|Apple File System}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} [[Kategorija:Operacijne sistemy]] [[Kategorija:Apple]] [[Kategorija:Операцијне системы]] {{INTERWIKI|Q24577174}} 1vuntx5pp57ysd7om10otkjvlmlc5eh Daljnobojščiki (serija igr) 0 776 27784 5119 2026-07-01T18:25:36Z Chtabs 42 Dodana kartka za igrovu seriju 27784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka Videoigrova serija|žanry=[[Avtomobilny simulator]]|razrabotcziky=[[SoftLab-NSK]], Nikita|izdatelji=[[1С]] (Rosija), [[Бука]] (Rosija), [[ValuSoft]] (SŠA), [[THQ Inc.]] (SŠA), [[Cenega Publishing]], [[Fulqrum Publishing]]|platformy=[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]|igromotory=Virtual World Inventor|prvaigra=Дальнобойщики: Путь к победе|poslednaigra=Дальнобойщики 3: Большие гонки}} '''Daljnobojščiki''' jest serija [[Videoigra|kompjuternyh igr]] od [[SoftLab-NSK]] (kromě «[[Daljnobojščiki: Transportnaja Kompanija]]»). Arkadne simulatory o životu daljnobojščika. Oni sut toliko za [[Osobny kompjuter|PC]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Članok na Vgtimes.ru o serije "Daljnobojščiki"|url=https://vgtimes.ru/articles/57898-istoriya-sozdaniya-serii-dalnoboyschiki.-chast-1.-kak-novosibirskie-uchenye-nachali-delat-igry-i-chem-esche-oni-zanimalis-krome-dalnoboyschikov.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Daljnobojščiki: Puť k pobede== «[[Daljnobojščiki: Puť k pobede]]» («Daljnobojščiki: Put k pobědě») jest prva igra v seriji, ktora byla izdana v 1998 roku. V početku igrač imaje avtomobil/samovozku [[ZIL]] i startovy budžet/kapital v 30000$. Kolikost supernikov od 0 do 7. Igra imaje dva režimy: arkadny i simulator. ==Daljnobojščiki 2== «[[Даљнобојшчики 2|Daljnobojščiki 2]]» jest vtora čest serije. Byla izdana v 2001 roku. Avtopark stal večše, než prědže. Igrovy svět je otvorjeny. Za tutu igru saundtrek/zvukodragu pisala rosijska hevi-metal-grupa «[[Ариjа (група)|Ария]]» («Arija»), ktory sodrživaje 12 trekov bez vokala.<ref>''Ламтюгов, Андрей.'' [https://archive.org/details/Game.EXE_06_2000/page/n67 Легкий налет элитности] // [[Game.EXE]] : журнал. — «Компьютерра», 2000. — Июнь (№ 06). — С. 71—73.</ref><ref>''Кармова, Екатерина.'' [https://www.igromania.ru/article/29616/Retro-obzor._Dalnoboyschiki_2_(2001).html Ретро-обзор. «Дальнобойщики 2» (2001)] // Игромания : журнал. — 2001. — № 6. </ref> Saundtrek byl izdany oddelno.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oficialny sajt grupy Arija|url=https://aria.ru/albums/solnik-tribyut-saundtrek-singl/dalnoboyshchiki-2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126151702/https://aria.ru/albums/solnik-tribyut-saundtrek-singl/dalnoboyshchiki-2|archive-date=2022-11-26}}</ref> ==Daljnobojščiki: Transportnaja kompanija== «[[Daljnobojščiki: Transportnaja kompanija]]» («Daljnobojščiki: Transportna kompanija») jest ekonomična strategija v tutčasnom, ktora byla izdana v 2006 roku. Igrač jest upravjenec/rukovoditelj kompanije po tovarovoženju. Igru iztvorila [[Nikita (kompanija)|kompanija Nikita]]. ==Daljnobojščiki 3: Pokorenie Ameriki== «[[Daljnobojščiki 3: Pokorenie Ameriki]]» («Daljnobojščiki 3: Pokorjenje Ameriky») byla izdana v 2009 roku. Rabota nad igroju šla od 2001 roka, poslě «Daljnobojščiki 2». Dějanje igry ide v [[Kalifornija|Kaliforniji]]. V igrě jest sjužetna linija. Glavny heroj — russky avtovoditelj/šofer, ktory pribyl/dojehal tudy zaradi uspěha i bogatstv. Igrač bude v raznyh opasnyh/nebezpečnyh prigodah. == Iztočniky == <references /> [[Kategorija:Serije videoigr]] [[Kategorija:Igry od SoftLab-NSK]] {{INTERWIKI|Q18406276}} bgi1tk2jrq5eb2dlilc3d9j6umoih99 27788 27784 2026-07-01T22:35:34Z IJzeren Jan 9 27788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka Videoigrova serija|žanry=[[Avtomobilny simulator]]|razrabotniki=[[SoftLab-NSK]], Nikita|izdatelji=[[1С]] (Rosija), [[Бука]] (Rosija), [[ValuSoft]] (SŠA), [[THQ Inc.]] (SŠA), [[Cenega Publishing]], [[Fulqrum Publishing]]|platformy=[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]|igromotory=Virtual World Inventor|prvaigra=Дальнобойщики: Путь к победе|poslednaigra=Дальнобойщики 3: Большие гонки}} '''Daljnobojščiki''' jest serija [[Videoigra|kompjuternyh igr]] od [[SoftLab-NSK]] (kromě «[[Daljnobojščiki: Transportnaja Kompanija]]»). Arkadne simulatory o životu daljnobojščika. Oni sut toliko za [[Osobny kompjuter|PC]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Članok na Vgtimes.ru o serije "Daljnobojščiki"|url=https://vgtimes.ru/articles/57898-istoriya-sozdaniya-serii-dalnoboyschiki.-chast-1.-kak-novosibirskie-uchenye-nachali-delat-igry-i-chem-esche-oni-zanimalis-krome-dalnoboyschikov.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Daljnobojščiki: Puť k pobede== «[[Daljnobojščiki: Puť k pobede]]» («Daljnobojščiki: Put k pobědě») jest prva igra v seriji, ktora byla izdana v 1998 roku. V početku igrač imaje avtomobil/samovozku [[ZIL]] i startovy budžet/kapital v 30000$. Kolikost supernikov od 0 do 7. Igra imaje dva režimy: arkadny i simulator. ==Daljnobojščiki 2== «[[Даљнобојшчики 2|Daljnobojščiki 2]]» jest vtora čest serije. Byla izdana v 2001 roku. Avtopark stal večše, než prědže. Igrovy svět je otvorjeny. Za tutu igru saundtrek/zvukodragu pisala rosijska hevi-metal-grupa «[[Ариjа (група)|Ария]]» («Arija»), ktory sodrživaje 12 trekov bez vokala.<ref>''Ламтюгов, Андрей.'' [https://archive.org/details/Game.EXE_06_2000/page/n67 Легкий налет элитности] // [[Game.EXE]] : журнал. — «Компьютерра», 2000. — Июнь (№ 06). — С. 71—73.</ref><ref>''Кармова, Екатерина.'' [https://www.igromania.ru/article/29616/Retro-obzor._Dalnoboyschiki_2_(2001).html Ретро-обзор. «Дальнобойщики 2» (2001)] // Игромания : журнал. — 2001. — № 6. </ref> Saundtrek byl izdany oddelno.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oficialny sajt grupy Arija|url=https://aria.ru/albums/solnik-tribyut-saundtrek-singl/dalnoboyshchiki-2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126151702/https://aria.ru/albums/solnik-tribyut-saundtrek-singl/dalnoboyshchiki-2|archive-date=2022-11-26}}</ref> ==Daljnobojščiki: Transportnaja kompanija== «[[Daljnobojščiki: Transportnaja kompanija]]» («Daljnobojščiki: Transportna kompanija») jest ekonomična strategija v tutčasnom, ktora byla izdana v 2006 roku. Igrač jest upravjenec/rukovoditelj kompanije po tovarovoženju. Igru iztvorila [[Nikita (kompanija)|kompanija Nikita]]. ==Daljnobojščiki 3: Pokorenie Ameriki== «[[Daljnobojščiki 3: Pokorenie Ameriki]]» («Daljnobojščiki 3: Pokorjenje Ameriky») byla izdana v 2009 roku. Rabota nad igroju šla od 2001 roka, poslě «Daljnobojščiki 2». Dějanje igry ide v [[Kalifornija|Kaliforniji]]. V igrě jest sjužetna linija. Glavny heroj — russky avtovoditelj/šofer, ktory pribyl/dojehal tudy zaradi uspěha i bogatstv. Igrač bude v raznyh opasnyh/nebezpečnyh prigodah. == Iztočniky == <references /> [[Kategorija:Serije videoigr]] [[Kategorija:Igry od SoftLab-NSK]] {{INTERWIKI|Q18406276}} 1bralhbun8ow520y6z0xwol8cvl46yj Grand Theft Auto (serija igr) 0 940 27785 6443 2026-07-01T18:31:37Z Chtabs 42 Dodana kartka za igrovu seriju 27785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=2025-01}}{{Kartka Videoigrova serija|logotip=Grand Theft Auto logo series.svg|žanry=[[Action-adventure]]|razrabotcziky=[[Rockstar North]], [[Digital Eclipse]], [[Rockstar Leeds]], [[Rockstar Canada]], [[Rockstar Studios]]|izdatelji=[[Rockstar Games]]|tvorcy=[[David Jones]], [[Mike Dailly]]|platformy=[[Android]], [[Dreamcast]], [[Fire OS]], [[Game Boy Advance]], [[Game Boy Color]], [[iOS]], [[macOS]], [[MS-DOS]], [[Nintendo DS]], [[Nintendo Switch]], [[PlayStation]], [[PlayStation 2]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[PlayStation 5]], [[PlayStation Portable]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Windows Phone]], [[Xbox]], [[Xbox 360]], [[Xbox One]], [[Xbox Series X/S]]|prvaigra=Grand Theft Auto|poslednaigra=Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition}} '''Grand Theft Auto''' ('''GTA''') jest serija [[Videoigra|kompjuterovyh igr]], ktora jest izdana firmoju [[Rockstar Games]]. Jest jedna iz najvyše kontroversijnyh seriji kompjuterovyh igr. ==Spisok igr== * [[Grand Theft Auto (igra)|Grand Theft Auto]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: London 1969]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: London 1961]] * [[Grand Theft Auto 2]] * [[Grand Theft Auto III]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Advance]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories]] * [[Grand Theft Auto IV]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: The Lost and Damned]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony]] * [[Grand Theft Auto V]] * [[Grand Theft Auto VI]] (očekivana igra) [[Kategorija:Serije videoigr]] {{INTERWIKI|Q132730}} ius7r524640i0ck8m6uybu9p730e5z8 27786 27785 2026-07-01T18:33:03Z Chtabs 42 Obnovjena informacija v kartke igry 27786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=2025-01}}{{Kartka Videoigrova serija|logotip=Grand Theft Auto logo series.svg|žanry=[[Action-adventure]]|razrabotcziky=[[Rockstar North]], [[Digital Eclipse]], [[Rockstar Leeds]], [[Rockstar Canada]], [[Rockstar Studios]]|izdatelji=[[Rockstar Games]]|tvorcy=[[David Jones]], [[Mike Dailly]]|platformy=[[Android]], [[Dreamcast]], [[Fire OS]], [[Game Boy Advance]], [[Game Boy Color]], [[iOS]], [[macOS]], [[MS-DOS]], [[Nintendo DS]], [[Nintendo Switch]], [[PlayStation]], [[PlayStation 2]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[PlayStation 5]], [[PlayStation Portable]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Windows Phone]], [[Xbox]], [[Xbox 360]], [[Xbox One]], [[Xbox Series X/S]]|prvaigra=Grand Theft Auto|poslednaigra=Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition|oficialnysajt=https://www.rockstargames.com/games?franchise=grand-theft-auto}} '''Grand Theft Auto''' ('''GTA''') jest serija [[Videoigra|kompjuterovyh igr]], ktora jest izdana firmoju [[Rockstar Games]]. Jest jedna iz najvyše kontroversijnyh seriji kompjuterovyh igr. ==Spisok igr== * [[Grand Theft Auto (igra)|Grand Theft Auto]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: London 1969]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: London 1961]] * [[Grand Theft Auto 2]] * [[Grand Theft Auto III]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Advance]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories]] * [[Grand Theft Auto IV]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: The Lost and Damned]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony]] * [[Grand Theft Auto V]] * [[Grand Theft Auto VI]] (očekivana igra) [[Kategorija:Serije videoigr]] {{INTERWIKI|Q132730}} c6rzi1w1oyio8knf83x3w9onimwqlgf 27789 27786 2026-07-01T22:35:51Z IJzeren Jan 9 27789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=2025-01}}{{Kartka Videoigrova serija|logotip=Grand Theft Auto logo series.svg|žanry=[[Action-adventure]]|razrabotniki=[[Rockstar North]], [[Digital Eclipse]], [[Rockstar Leeds]], [[Rockstar Canada]], [[Rockstar Studios]]|izdatelji=[[Rockstar Games]]|tvorcy=[[David Jones]], [[Mike Dailly]]|platformy=[[Android]], [[Dreamcast]], [[Fire OS]], [[Game Boy Advance]], [[Game Boy Color]], [[iOS]], [[macOS]], [[MS-DOS]], [[Nintendo DS]], [[Nintendo Switch]], [[PlayStation]], [[PlayStation 2]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[PlayStation 5]], [[PlayStation Portable]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Windows Phone]], [[Xbox]], [[Xbox 360]], [[Xbox One]], [[Xbox Series X/S]]|prvaigra=Grand Theft Auto|poslednaigra=Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition|oficialnysajt=https://www.rockstargames.com/games?franchise=grand-theft-auto}} '''Grand Theft Auto''' ('''GTA''') jest serija [[Videoigra|kompjuterovyh igr]], ktora jest izdana firmoju [[Rockstar Games]]. Jest jedna iz najvyše kontroversijnyh seriji kompjuterovyh igr. ==Spisok igr== * [[Grand Theft Auto (igra)|Grand Theft Auto]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: London 1969]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: London 1961]] * [[Grand Theft Auto 2]] * [[Grand Theft Auto III]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Advance]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories]] * [[Grand Theft Auto IV]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: The Lost and Damned]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony]] * [[Grand Theft Auto V]] * [[Grand Theft Auto VI]] (očekivana igra) [[Kategorija:Serije videoigr]] {{INTERWIKI|Q132730}} 8v59fmst2skbyk5znoihnjh0o0me6e7 27791 27789 2026-07-01T22:38:12Z IJzeren Jan 9 27791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=2025-01}}{{Kartka Videoigrova serija|logotip=Grand Theft Auto logo series.svg|žanry=[[Action-adventure]]|razrabotniki=[[Rockstar North]], [[Digital Eclipse]], [[Rockstar Leeds]], [[Rockstar Canada]], [[Rockstar Studios]]|izdatelji=[[Rockstar Games]]|tvorci=[[David Jones]], [[Mike Dailly]]|platformy=[[Android]], [[Dreamcast]], [[Fire OS]], [[Game Boy Advance]], [[Game Boy Color]], [[iOS]], [[macOS]], [[MS-DOS]], [[Nintendo DS]], [[Nintendo Switch]], [[PlayStation]], [[PlayStation 2]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[PlayStation 5]], [[PlayStation Portable]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Windows Phone]], [[Xbox]], [[Xbox 360]], [[Xbox One]], [[Xbox Series X/S]]|prvaigra=Grand Theft Auto|poslednaigra=Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition|oficialnysajt=https://www.rockstargames.com/games?franchise=grand-theft-auto}} '''Grand Theft Auto''' ('''GTA''') jest serija [[Videoigra|kompjuterovyh igr]], ktora jest izdana firmoju [[Rockstar Games]]. Jest jedna iz najvyše kontroversijnyh seriji kompjuterovyh igr. ==Spisok igr== * [[Grand Theft Auto (igra)|Grand Theft Auto]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: London 1969]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: London 1961]] * [[Grand Theft Auto 2]] * [[Grand Theft Auto III]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Advance]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories]] * [[Grand Theft Auto IV]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: The Lost and Damned]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars]] * [[Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony]] * [[Grand Theft Auto V]] * [[Grand Theft Auto VI]] (očekivana igra) [[Kategorija:Serije videoigr]] {{INTERWIKI|Q132730}} jd23kicqyyp2sy73n78a8s1xi5knk38 Informatika 0 1029 27803 7149 2026-07-02T01:21:53Z Svalbarðseyri 361 početok byl popravjeny 27803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pravopis}}{{Začetok}} '''Informatika''' je tehnična nauka, ktora zajmaje se zapytanjami o prětvarjanju danyh i avtomatizaciji promyslnyh procesov. V jej sostav vhodet teoretične discipliny ([[algoritm]]y, teorija komputacije, teorija informacije) i praktične discipliny (implementacija hardvera, softvera i programovanja). == Historija == "Skica analitičnogo motora" prěvedennogo kontessoju '''{{-|Ada Lovelace}}''' sodrživaje opis prvogo (neskončenogo) mehaničnogo kompjutera i diagram iz "noty G", viděnogo kako prvy algoritm v informatikě. Uživane sut prěměnne i funkcije s listami krokov dlja izčisljenja čisl {{-|Bernoulli}}. Prvy elektroničny kompjuter {{-|'''ENIAC''' ('''Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer''')}} byl iztvorjeny blagodareči robotě '''{{-|Johna Williama Mauchly}}'go''' i '''{{-|Johna Prespera Eckerta}}''', stal se javny publično 14-stogo fevruara 1946 goda. Blagodareči '''{{-|Margaret Hamilton}}''', glavnoj programistkě, 27 oktobra 1961 goda počeli se misije Programa Apollo, ktore dozvolili ljudam prizemjati se na [[Luna|Luně]]. == Metody i paradigmy programovanja == * proceduralne * objektove * strukturalne * funkcionalne == Najpopularnějše sučasne jezyky programovanja == * {{-|JavaScript}} - vesde koristany do tvorjenja skriptov na vebovyh stranicah * {{-|HTML/CSS}} - jezyky, v ktoryh razom tvori se vebstranice * {{-|Python}} - koristany v analitikě danyh i tvorjenju umětnogo intelekta * {{-|SQL}} - tvorjenje i upravjanje bazami danyh * {{-|Java}} - tvorjenje aplikacij * {{-|C#, C++, C}} - tvorjenje aplikacij == Algoritmy == Algoritm Jarnika je htivy algoritm koristany za najdenje minimalnogo razpinajučego drěva. == Oblasty programovanja == === Sěti neuronove === Vsěhno znanymi priměrami užitja sěti neuronovyh sut kompjuterny vid, generovanje obrazov i tekstu, analiza naturalnogo jezika i različne modele statistične do predikciji danyh. Odkryto žrlove modele kako OpenCV, StableDiffusion , NLTK ili Numpy sut dalje ulěpšane črez individualne firmy i naučnikov do tvorjenja lěpšyh produktov. Sut različne plasti sěti neuronovyh pod poždnikom terminom "Umětna Inteligencija". ==== Analiza danyh ==== Analiza Danyh (točno iz anglijskogo "Nauka Danyh"- ang. Data Science) zajmaje se uživanjem velikyh izborov danyh nikakoj oblasti specialističnoj vědy do prědviděnja nikakogo javjenja kako budučnyh profitov, koštov produkciji ili rozvoju firmy. Glavnymi priměnjenjami Analizy Danyh sut široko pojeta minimalizacija koštov i maksimalizacija profitov, na priměr: * Ulěpšenje proponovanyh prědloženj produktov i personalizacija reklam na vebsajtah na osnově historiji zakupov, svojstv demografičnih i prěgledanyh sodržanj klienta. * Tvorjenje prědpovědi prodažy na bazě historiji prodažy, tutčasnyh trendov i inyh budučnyh činiteljov. * Razporedžanje rizikom čerez analizu ekonomičnoj situaciji , konkurencijnost produktov i posědanyh finansov. * Optimalizacija procesov logističnyh kako obranje najkratšyh drag, zaladovanje najboljšogo čisla tovarov na najmenjše čislo vozov i dostavka v možno najkratšom času. V cělu dokonanja analizy potrěbne sut dostatočno velika kolikost danyh, iztvorjenje statističnogo modelu do opisu javjenja i optimalizacija analizovanyh danyh. Jezyk Python je všehno uživany děkuju svojej prostotu v naukě i implementaciji v algoritmah predikcijnyh. Glavynmi bibliotekami do Data Science sut numpy, pandas i sklearn. (Tut odnosniki) ==== Umětna inteligencija ==== Umětna Inteligencija (ang. Artificial Intelligence - AI) zajmaje se izpolnjanjem dějanj ktore ne mogut byti naznačone jednožnačnom kolikostjom nikakih krokov i izmagajut ljudskoj inteligenciji. Pozvala programovi simulovati nikakě postupanje. ==== Učenje Mašinove ==== Učenje Mašinove (ang. Machine Learning - ML) v protivnosti do standardovogo programovanja ne děla dějanj na bazu naznačonyh zasad iz sbornika danyh, toliko iz znanyh danyh najprvo izznača zasady, děkuju ktorim potom može dělati predikcije - uči se iz vzorov danyh. Pozvala programovi na ulěpšenje svojih metod statističnyh s izkušenostju ktoroj dostaje od naplyvu novyh danyh. ==== Glubokě učenje ==== Glubokě Učenje (ang. Deep Learning) uživa mnogih "glubokih" plastov, aby ekstraktovati složene črta danyh na mnogih uravenjah iz velikyh sbornikov danyh. == Běsědy, filozofia, budučnost == Sučasna debata o informatikě glavno razhodi se o budučnost světa v obličju razvoja Umětnogo Intelektu. Jedina iz galuzi filozofiji - transhumanizm - aktivno razvažaje možnost koristanja iznahodok v oblastjah robotiki i informatiki do polěpšanja ljudskogo života črěž integracije tutyh tehnologij s ljudskom tělom. == Učenje i nauka programovanja == Jestvuje mnogo vebstranic i vsěhno dostupnyh resursov, kde možno počinati nauku mnogih větok informatiki: * https://www.freecodecamp.org/ * https://www.theodinproject.com/ * https://roadmap.sh/ == Referencije == * https://www.statista.com/statistics/793628/worldwide-developer-survey-most-used-languages/ * https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/j-presper-eckert-and-john-mauchly * Popularna Encyklopedia Powszechna, Fogra Oficyna Wydawnicza, Kraków 1994 * https://www.ii.pwr.edu.pl/~kwasnicka/download/siecineuronowespistresci.pdf * datasciencelibrary.tech [[Kategorija:Nauka]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4027615}} hep91slj36tfd4rii33g3ockqmr827w Vikipedija:Krčma 4 1052 27780 27588 2026-07-01T17:55:27Z Ilja isv 10 /* Vikidane */ Odgovor 27780 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Zaglavje krčmy}} <!--- Napišite svoje soobčenje niže ---> == Link na Diskord-server na Glavnoj stranici == Na Glavnoj stranici tut: Ако вы имајете какеколи пытан​ја, проблемы, примєткы или прєдложен​ја, поставите јих в '''[[Incubator:Krčma|крчмє обчины]]''' или [https://discord.gg/nhRuYAc5Uq нашем Дискорд-серверу]. Diskord-link vede na server Safronowiec, ktory uže malo čto imaje občo s MS i vikipedijeju. Imaje li smysl jego izmeniti na aktualny MS Diskord? Ili takože dodati link na Telegram-čat? Velika hvala. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 06:45, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] – Čestno govoreči, ja ne jesm na Diskordu i ne znaju te servery. Jest li tam někaka grupa, ktora specifično zajmaje se MS Vikipedijeju? Ako ne, može bylo by lěpje dodati link k grupě na Telegramu. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:39, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, možno dati link na tuty razdel Diskorda, gde diskutuje se rabota na Vikipedii ::[[discord:channels/879438774323535914/1284479085871104075|• Discord | "Medžuslovjanska Wikipedija" | Medžuslovjansky • Меджусловјанскы • Interslavic]] ::či takože na telegram https://t.me/interslavic_wikipedia, ale myslim by bylo dobro prěd tym zapytati tamnogo admina ili vlastnika. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:13, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :::Grupa na Telegramu jest nemnožko aktivnějša, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:28, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Takože jestvuje stary Diskord-server za Medžuviki: https://discord.gg/Yp5QfFCPny, ktorogo vodil Lev. Oboje dnes neaktivny. Jestvuje li potrěba iměti sobstveny Diskord-server za Vikipediju? Forum-nit ne jest mnogo primětna. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 09:35, 6 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, tam ješče někto byvaje iz redaktorov, dodam tuty link do glavnoj stranicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:58, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Prědustavjeno pismo == Zdrav surabotniki! Jest nužno organizovati (povtoriti) razpravu o preferovanom pismu medžuslovjanskoj Vikipedije na domenu Fundacije Vikimedija, da byhmo iměli osnovu za tehničnu rabotu ktora odnese se na naše jezyčne kody <code>isv</code>, <code>isv-Latn</code>, and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> na Fabrikatoru ({{-|phabricator.wikimedia.org}}). [https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEuviki:Kavarnja#Vikipedija_na_med%C5%BEuslovjanskom Diskusije organizovane na sajtu Miraheze] – na Fabrikatoru oni ne uvažajut. Slědovateljno otvarjaju ovu diskusiju: ktoro pismo preferujemo i začto? – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 08:58, 9 January 2026 (UTC) Hey Vipz, I'll respond in English, so that members of the Language Committee will be able to follow this conversation as well. A few months ago, I went through all articles we have, and found that about 2/3 of our articles use the Latin alphabet and 1/3 use Cyrillic. Although I am not active on social media myself, I have the impression that the situation there is similar: the majority uses Latin, but a sizeable minority uses Cyrillic. Since Latin and Cyrillic being equal is one of the main design criteria of Interslavic, the conclusion is simple: it should be possible to use both alphabets, and they should, ''as far as possible'', be served equally well. In other words, we need a bidrectional script converter. I've been looking around a bit and found ca. 20 Wikipedia editions that work with some kind of script converter: * Our own converter runs on Javascript and has three options: the source page (Lat/Cyr), the Latin transliteration and the Cyrillic translation. It has the advantage that the system remembers the preferred script of the user, apparently by means of a cookie. In mainspace articles, this converter only transliterates the text, but not the page name and not the categories. On category pages, it transliterates the titles of the articles and subcategories it contains, as well as system messages like "Тхе фолловинг 4 пагес аре ин тхис цатегоры, оут оф 4 тотал." The only established Wikipedia with a converter that works like this is [[:got:|Gothic]]. * [[:sr:|Serbian]], [[:uz:|Uzbek]], [[:ku:|Kurdish]], [[:chr:|Crimean Tatar]], [[:iu:|Inuktitut]] and [[:shi:|Tachelhit]] have PHP-based converters with the same three options (f.ex. source, Lat., Kir.). Information about the script is contained in the URL. The system does not remember one's preferred script, so when a page is opened, it is always the source text that is displayed first. This converter also converts the page title and the categories it is in. On category pages it does the opposite from our current converter: it transliterates the page title and the categories it is in, but not the titles of the pages and the subcategories it contains. * [[:sh:|Serbocroatian]], [[:tg:|Tajik]], [[:tly:|Talysh]] and [[:zgh:|Amazigh]] have PHP-based converters with two only options (for example: Latinica/Ћирилица). As I've understood, these converters are unidirectional, so that all pages must be written in the same script. For the rest, they work the same as Serbian. * The Chinese ones (zh, wuu, gan, zh-yue) seem to work like either Serbian or Serbocroatian, but since I can't read Chinese, I haven't taken any closer look at them. * [[:tt:|Tatar]] and [[:cv:|Chuvash]] have one or sometimes two buttons next to the page name. Everything is transliterated, even the menu on the left. Appears to run on JavaScript. * [[:ban:|Balinese]] has no less than five variations, but I can't quite figure out how it works. It seems like it shows some transliteration version by default, but I'm not sure about that. * [[:mni:|Meitei]] offers transliteration into Bengali script, but that works only for the categories underneath a page and the first letters on category pages. * [[:cu:|Church Slavonic]]: every page has three links for three different script variants (including Glagolitic), but they don't seem to work anymore. [[:ang:|Anglo-Saxon]] has a similar thing that actually works. * Another five projects (ug, bug, hak, bbc, gom) have multiple scripts but instead of a converter they sometimes contain multiple versions of the same article, for example [[:bug:Balanda]]. We have done that too in the beginning, but it's way too high-maintenance to be workable. I've been told that JavaScript is considered a bad idea, because it doesn't work properly in Wikipedia apps for cell phones. This means that we need to use the PHP solution, and since we need the converter to be bidirectional, our only option is the solution used for Serbian. This does, however, have a few disadvantages: # It transliterates page titles, which is not always what we want. This shouldn't be problematic though, since the page title can be manipulated with a template, for example here: [[:sr:З (слово ћирилице)]] # However, it also transliterates the names of categories, which means that Latin and Cyrillic articles are all tossed into the same category. Articles names are listed there untransliterated. This is problematic, because we must consider that not every Latin-writing person can read Cyrillic, and not every Cyrillic-writing person can read the Latin alphabet. # Even if a category full of articles written in the Latin alphabet is transliterated into Cyrillic, it does not only show them in the Latin alphabet, but also in the alphabetical order of the Latin alphabet. # A user who prefers one of the two alphabets has to change it manually for each and every page. So here's my own preferred solution, if possible: # It can work exactly like the converter on Serbian Wikipedia does, except for one thing: it should NOT transliterate category names. # Instead, we have parallel categories for Latin and Cyrillic. Every article written in the Latin alphabet is placed in Latin categories and has a redirect in Cyrillic, which is placed in the Cyrillic counterparts of these categories. Articles with titles that cannot be transliterated, like [[Microsoft]] or [[Ж]], can be placed in both categories. This is, basically, the current situation. It has the advantage that every article can be found by navigating though the categories, and that they are placed in the correct alphabetical order (which for Cyrillic is different from the Latin order). # I am aware of the fact that this solution is not perfect: a Cyrillic user who follows a Cyrillic redirect will still end up with a Latin article in Latin categories, even if he switches to Cyrillic. This cannot be helped, I'm afraid. UNLESS it would be technically possible that the categories under a Latin article link to Latin categories, and the categories under a Cyrillic article to their Cyrillic equivalents. Would such a thing be possible? # It is not a matter of life or death, but it would be nice if a user's preferred orthography could be stored in a cookie, so that he/she won't have to change the orthography manually every time. This would be a nice-to-have. There are a few other issues, too, but I'll get back to that later. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:57, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan! This is a very insightful and nuanced reply. The issue of not having a default script on multi-scipt Wikimedia projects affects editors more so than readers. As of 2026, multi-script editing is, unfortunately, nothing more than a seldom mentioned concept ([https://diff.wikimedia.org/2018/03/12/supporting-languages-multiple-writing-systems/ Diff 2018 community blog article]; [[:c:File:Editing challenges on multi-script wikis (with speaker notes).pdf|Wikimania 2017 presentation]]). Some editors are less proficient or efficient with one of the scripts, and many do not know one or the other at all, and will therefore be uncomfortable editing articles in the said script. Until multi-script editing becomes a reality, having a default script is an option to be considered; whether it is a sensible sacrifice—to the benefit of one group (a majority) and detriment of the other (a minority)—is subjective, but alas. The other thing which concerns designation of a default script are fallback choices: <code>isv</code> should ''probably'' have a fallback sequence to one of the scripts, which ''could'' solve the issue of the system not recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv isv]</code> while recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Latn isv-Latn]</code> and <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Cyrl isv-Cyrl]</code>. In other words, we ought to support <code>isv</code>, but it makes no sense to translate it separately from <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code>, unless we intend to have an unwieldy and hideous solution to not favoring one or the other – by including them both in every localized interface, namespace, or message element. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 10:07, 10 January 2026 (UTC) ::Well, I think we shouldn't be over-zealous, but on the other hand, it's been almost twenty years now since I got involved with this language, and I can assure you that the alphabet issue has been a thing almost since day one. Every possible option between Latin-only and Cyrillic-only has its ardent supporters, and even though the Latin alphabet is used more often for Interslavic than Cyrillic, it remains a fact that about 3/4 of all Slavic people use Cyrillic. So treating one of them as merely a transliterated version of the other is out of the question. But it is also true that the average Pole, Czech or Slovene cannot read Cyrillic, whereas most Russians, Ukrainians and Bulgarians know the Latin alphabet at least to some degree, which gives the Latin alphabet a slight advantage nonetheless. It's not entirely clear to me what you mean by "fallback option", but if it means that <code>isv</code> is interpreted as "<code>isv-Latn</code> unless specified otherwise", I'd be perfectly fine with that.<br />Of course, there will always be imperfections. For a person who only knows the Latin alphabet it will be difficult to correct a typo in the Cyrillic text, or even to expand it with Latin text. For now, I think we should stick to the principle that a page written in Cyrillic stays in Cyrillic, and ''tant pis'' if you can't handle Cyrillic. But honestly, I don't think that's much of a problem at the moment. Most Interslavic users can understand both alphabets, and I'm sure the problem of multi-script editing will solve itself at some point.<br />For the record, transliteration between Latin and Cyrillic is pretty straightforward. The only inconsistency is the '''њ/нј''' issue found also in Serbian, but that's a minor thing that can easily be solved. That still leaves us with a few issues addressed [[:meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Interslavic#Writing system related issues|here]] by @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]]. More specifically, s/he mentions the possibility of using not only the ex-Yugoslavia method for displaying Cyrillic, but also the Russian method (''лю'' instead of ''љу''). If I understand correctly that the source code looks like [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Editing_challenges_on_multi-script_wikis_%28with_speaker_notes%29.pdf#page=29 this], such a thing could easily be implemented. The question is: do we want that? And another thing is that some users persistently use the etymological orthography (''mųž'', ''krålj'', etc.). If the converter can be programmed in such way that <code>'ų' => 'у'</code> and <code>'у' => 'u'</code>, then that would be a nice thing to have as well. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:40, 10 January 2026 (UTC) == Транслитерација со Јапонского == Поздрав! Какобы толико в източнословјанскых йезыках хирагану し / катакану シ транслитерујут како си/si. В вечинству језыков (вкључајучи словјански) пишут ши/shi/ši. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], може измєнити то [[Kacusika Hokusaj|сде]] на "Kacušika Hokusaj" або на "Kacušika Hokusai"? Како мыслите? --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 20:09, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Pozdrav, Murade, nazva ''Kacusika Hokusaj'' byla uže raněje v spisu potrěbnyh člankov, zato ja jesm to ostavil. Možno jest izdělati re-direkt na na ''Katsušika Hokusaj'' i to bude izobražati se na stranice. Tutčas, obratno, ja jesm prědělal vse japonske slova v članku na "''si''", "''dzju''", "''dzjo''" vměsto "''ši''", "''džu''", "''džo''" (Hepburnovo romaji ''shi'', ''ju'', ''jo''), i t.d. da by vsečto bylo v jednom standardu, ili možem to vratiti i ostaviti, kako bylo, s koristanjem jedino romaji transkripcije bez jej prěvoda do kirilicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:55, 12 January 2026 (UTC) Po mojemu mněnju to ne jest dobry pomysl. Nakoliko ja znaju, toj spisok potrěbnyh člankov sdělal Lev, a on vse bazoval na russkoj transkripciji. Problem jest v tom, že ta transkripcija jest osnovana na principu, že v russkom suglasky prěd '''и''' i '''е''' sut avtomatično palatalizovane. Izgovor '''シ''' i '''チ''' zaisto zvuči bolje kako poljske {{-|'''ś'''}} i {{-|'''ć'''}} neželi kako russke '''ш''' i '''ч''', ale v medžuslovjanskom to ne rabotaje tako. Sdělal jesm tabelku s někojimi problematičnymi znakami i uvidite, že daže ukrajinsky i srbsky koristajut '''ш''' i '''ч'''. Pozrite tu (poslědnji stolp jest moje prědloženje za medžuslovjansky): {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" style="text-align:center;" ! jap. !! ang. !! čes. !! rus. !! ukr. !! srb. !! isv |- | サ || sa || sa || са || са || са || sa / са |- | シ || shi || ši || си || ші || ши || ši / ши |- | シャ || sha || ša || ся || шя || ша || ša / ша |- | タ || ta || ta || та || та || та || ta / та |- | チ || chi || či || ти || чі || чи/ћи || či / чи |- | ツ || tsu || cu || цу || цу || цу || cu / цу |- | チャ || cha || ča || тя || чя || ча/ћа || ča / ча |- | ニャ || nya || nja || ня || ня || ња || nja / ња |- | ワ || wa || wa || ва || ва || ва/уа || wa / ва |- | ザ || za || za || дза || дза || за || za / за |- | ジ || ji || dži || дзи || джі || ђи || dži / джи |- | ジャ || ja || dža || дзя || джя || ђа || dža / джа |- | ダ || da || da || да || да || да || da / да |- | ヂ || ji || (dži) || (дзи) || (джі) || ђи || dži / джи |- | ヅ || zu || (zu) || (дзу) || (дзу) || зу || zu / зу |- | ヂャ || ja || (dža) || (дзя) || (джя) || (ђа) || dža / джа |- ! colspan="7" | razširjena katakana |- | ス || su || su || су || су || су || su / су |- | スィ || si || (si) || сы || (сі) || (си) || si / си |- | テ || te || te || тэ || те || те || te / те |- | ティ || ti || (ti) || ти (ты) || ті || ти || ti / ти |} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) : Одлично табло! Але по мојему мнєнју ако измєнити za / за на dza / дза (и zu / зу на dzu / дзу) тогды је было бы фонетично идеално (не по Поливанову и не по Хепберну оногдашње). --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 18:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, jesm tako(d)že suglasny [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:05, 12 January 2026 (UTC) == Remaining issues == Dear all, since it probably won't be long now before our Interslavic Wikipedia will finally be approved, there are still a few issues to be resolved. {{Ping|Ilja isv|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} Your attention please! === Transliteration === First of all, there's the issue of transliteration, see above under [[Incubator:Krčma#Prědustavjeno pismo]]. The system used by the Serbian Wikipedia has the advantage that we can have the same article both in Latin and Cyrillic without having to resort to back-transliterations. In other words, we won't be forced to write "Džorž Buš" instead of "George Bush" in the Latin alphabet to avoid Cyrillic transliterations like "Георге Бусх". At present, transliteration is taken care of with JavaScript in [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.js MediaWiki:Common.js]. When we move to the system used by the Serbian Wikipedia (which IMO is the only sensible solution, see above), the same transliteration rules should be transferred to whatever system they use there, preferably with a few additions: '''bidirectional:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" | a || b || c || č || d || e || ě || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || lj{{FN|*)}} || m || n || nj{{FN|*)}} || o || p || r || s || š || t || u || v || y || z || ž || ä || ö || ü |- | а || б || ц || ч || д || е || є || ф || г || х || и || ј || к || л || љ || м || н || њ || о || п || р || с || ш || т || у || в || ы || з || ж || ӓ || ӧ || ӱ |} '''unidirectional Lat &rarr; Cyr:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | á || å || a || ć || ď || đ || ė || è || é || ę || í || ľ || ĺ || ł || ń || ň || ȯ || ò || ó || qu || ŕ || ř || ś || ť || ú ||ų || ů || w || x || ý || ź || ż |- ! to | а || а || а || ч || д || дж || е || е || е || e || и || л || л || л || н || н || о || о || о || kv || р || р || с || т || у || у || у || в || кс || ы || з || ж |} '''unidirectional Cyr &rarr; Lat:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | ґ || ѓ || ђ || ѣ || ё || ѕ || і || ї || й || ќ || ћ || ў || џ || щ || ъ || ь || э || ю || я |- ! to | g || dž || dž || ě || jo || dz || i || ji || j || č || č || v || dž || šč || — || — || e || ju || ja |} {{FNBox|Note: {{FNZ|*)|I don't know if there is a way to distinguish between Љ (LJ) and Љ (Lj), but since fully capitalized text is rare, I guess Љ &rarr; Lj and Њ &rarr; Nj will do.}} }} === Alphabetical order === Another thing is the alphabetical ordering of articles in, for example, categories. The current situation is that Cyrillic letters absent in Russian – like Є, Њ and Ј – come before А. It is necessary that the right alphabetical order is followed, which preferably should also include letters not used in Interslavic but used in other Slavic languages, as they may appear in categories as well: '''Latin:'''<br /> <big>'''a''' á ä ą å '''b c''' ć '''č d''' ď '''e''' é è ė ę '''ě f g h i''' í '''j k l''' ł ľ ĺ '''lj m n''' ń ň '''nj o''' ò ó ȯ '''p''' q '''r''' ŕ ř '''s''' ś '''š t''' ť '''u''' ú ů ų '''v''' w x '''y''' ý '''z''' ź '''ž''' ż</big> '''Cyrillic:'''<br /> <big>'''а б в г''' ґ '''д''' ђ ѓ '''е''' ё '''є''' ѣ '''ж з''' ѕ '''и''' й і ї '''ј к л љ м н њ о п р с т''' ћ ќ '''у''' ў '''ф х ц ч''' џ '''ш''' щ '''ы''' э ю я</big> === Dates === * The standard format for dates is: <code>dd.mm.yyyy</code> * In dates, month names should always be in the genitive case. Although these genitives are defined on translatewiki.net, that doesn't seem to work in the Recent changes, Watchlist etc. === Numbers === When a number is followed by a noun, the corresponding case differs: * 1: nominative singular (1 dom) * 2–4: nominative plural (2 domy) * 0 and 5–19: genitive plural (5 domov) * all higher numbers ending with 1: nominative singular (101 dom) * all higher numbers ending with 2–4: nominative plural (102 domy) * all higher numbers ending with 0 or 5–9: genitive plural (100 domov, 105 domov) === Namespaces === {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! colspan="2" | Namespace || colspan="2" | Talk |- ! English || Interslavic || English || Interslavic |- | (main) || (glavny) || Talk || Besěda |- | User || Koristnik || User talk || Besěda koristnika |- | Wikipedia || Vikipedija || Wikipedia talk || Besěda vikipedije |- | File || Fajl || File talk || Besěda fajla |- | MediaWiki || MediaWiki || MediaWiki || Besěda MediaWiki |- | Template || Šablon || Template talk || Besěda šablona |- | Help || Pomoč || Help talk || Besěda pomoči |- | Category || Kategorija || Category talk || Besěda kategorije |- | Portal || Portal || Portal talk || Besěda portala |- | Module || Modul || Module talk || Besěda modula |- | Gadget || Gadžet || Gadget talk || Besěda gadžeta |} I hope I haven't forgotten anything! === The code ISV === * In interwiki links, the language should appear as: <code>Medžuslovjansky / меджусловјанскы</code> * The English name of the language is "Interslavic". * There still appear to be issues with the language code <code>isv</code>. In Babel boxes, for example, <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> work, but <code>isv</code> does not. * I guess using <code>isv</code> shoud have a fallback sequence to <code>isv-Latn</code>, as [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] suggested. === Transliteration once more === ''Theoretically'' it will be possible to add unidirectional solutions to additional writing systems, like Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. Personally, I am not in favour of such a solution though. That's pretty much all I can think of. Comments? Suggestions? Opinions? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:51, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Finally! That is some great news. :All the points touched here make sense to me. :I am also against additional transliteration to either Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. It would add more confusion IMO. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:07, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :jesm popravil tabelu Namespaces [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:09, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::O, hvala za popravku, to je byla moja glupost! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:39, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi Jan, :Many thanks for this communication. :My idea of selective automatic both-way transliteration is as follows.<br />Now we have a template to block transliteration for a piece of text :<pre>{{-|text not to be transliterated}}</pre> :all it does only adding HTML tag :<pre>&lt;span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"&gt;text not to be transliterated&lt;/span&gt;</pre> :that is analized by transliteration gadget that ignores the text between tag borders. This tag can be also used "manually" when use of template is not possible due to wikitext syntax (e.g. text of hyperlink etc.), so we have more or less two tools to control transliteration now. :I would propose to add one more template for selective transliteration, for example :<pre>{{LatCyr|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan Fransua|1}}</pre> :where:<br/> :''Jean-François'' - (obligatory parameter) text in original language in Latin script (name)<br/> :''Жан-Франсуа'' - (obligatory parameter) text in cyrillic (phonetical transliteration)<br/> :''Žan Fransua'' - (optional) phonetic latin<br/> :''1'' - (optional) when this is present, the name appears first time on the article and it could be displayed with phonetic latin in parentheses (could be useful when uncommon languages for the reader are used). :This template could work same way adding HTML class tags (these need to be created for original latin, cyrillic and phonetic latin). The translit script could be modified so it sees the tags and modifies text as per current isv graphic selection setting. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Examples |- ! Parameters !! lat/cyr !! Renders as |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа (Jean-François) |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || lat || Jean-François (Žan-Fransua) |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |lat |Jean-François |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |cyr |Жан-Франсуа |- |<nowiki>Györ|Дьёр|Ďjor|1</nowiki> |lat |Györ (Ďjor) |} :Would this proposal be of interest? :It would still require somepone to program the gadget and admin rights to place it on the wiki section. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:21, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Yes, this certainly makes sense. The language converter can easily be embedded in the current <tt><nowiki>{{-|...}}</nowiki></tt> template. Normally the language converter would expect something like:<br /><tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl:Жан-Франсуа }-</nowiki></tt>.<br />The remaining two fields can easily be handled in the template itself, I think. But on the other hand, the same functionality can also be achieved simply by using the same template twice: <tt><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}} {{-|(izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|(fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki></tt> If that's the case, then parameters 3 and 4 wouldn't even be necessary. One thing I'm not entirely sure about myself, is what happens when you open a page ''before'' picking an orthography. At that moment the system doesn't know whether the page is in Latin or in Cyrillic orthography. I *think* this is done by adding a third parameter: <tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl: Жан-Франсуа; isv: Jean-François }-</nowiki></tt> Anyway, the advantage of all this is that we won't immediately have to change all pages where it is used. In many cases the template is used for expressions that shouldn't be transliterated at all, like "{{-|Microsoft}}". Those cases won't be affected by the change at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 11:01, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan, yes, this could be the way to go. Still need some time to understand better the way the gadget works but would like to start trying soonest. Cheers, [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:53, 12 February 2026 (UTC) === Script === {{-|''(added a header for clarity)''}} :So, today is a great day as I tried first time the vibe-codng with Google AI mode to modify transliteration script. :My proposal is to use 3 classes that will be added by template (or manually) to mark 3 options of text. :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Latn">Jean-François</span></pre> :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Cyrl">Жан-Франсуа</span></pre> :<pre><span class="alphabet-isv">Žan-Fransua</span></pre> :Depending on user alphabet setting, only one of the three will be displayed.<br/> :Herewith the code that needs to be added to the script, in the very beginning, after description remark (starting line 9). :<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript" line="1" start="9"> /** This part is added by [[Koristnik:Ilja_isv]], vibe-coded with Google AI /** Sorry code is removed since it did not work in the end </syntaxhighlight> :@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], may I ask you to add this code to Common.js so we could test? It takes admin rights to modify the javascript. I can send the complete modified script file if this is easier, I have a backup of original Common.js for the case of failure and the tags for testing entered in the sandbox. Thanking you in advance for help, hope it will work. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::Unfortunately, being a test admin I do not have the rights to edit Common.js (I actually tried a while back, to no avail). Perhaps [[Koristnik:Iohanen]] can be of help here? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you Jan, will contact. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:19, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Jan, one more idea: we can also test changes at old Miraheze space, the gadget script is identical. Do you have admin rights there or do you know the admin? I do not even have a login. The script file there is called Gadget-alphabet.js: :::https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-alphabet.js :::Just someone will also need to make a test page with tags to see how it works. :::Many thanks. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Yes, I can modify the alphabet gadget on Miraheze. What exactly do you want me to do? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:21, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Hvala Jane, myslím, zajutra večer budu odpovědati, prěd tym uže ne budu iměti čas. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::I had a reply from Iohanen, hvala za kontakt, it is: ::::::https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Iohanen?markasread=2792850&markasreadwiki=incubatorwiki#c-Iohanen-20260224173800-Ilja_isv-20260224114000 ::::::Will follow up in 1-2 days [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 05:35, 25 February 2026 (UTC) :::::No need to do anything, thanks to Iohanen, we have now a workable and tested script. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:38, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :::I have modified the '''- '''template, it can have 2 parameters now. If there is only one parameter, this text will be excluded from transliteration. If there is a second parameter present, first parameter is considered Latin, second is considered Cyrilic. When we install updated gadget script, either one or the other will be displayed, depending on language setting. Default is Latin (if Lat./Cyr is a choice or no choice made yet). {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <pre>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</pre>|| <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> || <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</pre> || <pre>Jean-François</pre> || <pre>Жан-Франсуа</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</pre> || <pre>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</pre> || <pre>Джо Байден</pre> |} :::As we already have a perfectly working script (great thanks to [[Koristnik:Iohanen]]), I will ask administrators to install it and we have the problem solved. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:45, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:51, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi All, ::::Good news: the script and new templates are implemented and work. I will publish a tutorial shortest possible. Congratulations to all participants 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:27, 28 February 2026 (UTC) ::::<s>Bad news: does not work in the mobile version, both Cyrillic and Latin are displayed, which was not like that during tests.</s> <s>Next point to address.</s> Done, all works now. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:29, 28 February 2026 (UTC) === Approval === {{-|''(moving this to a separate section to avoid cluttering)''}} Where did you get the information that Wp/isv is about to be approved? On the discussion page, the Language Committee members are ignoring it again, but as soon as someone posted about another project, it immediately received a response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-98653-7|&#126;2026-98653-7]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-98653-7|talk]]) 21:08, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :I've been discussing the issue of the script converter with a member of the Language Committee, that's way. I know they could have approved our project already a year ago, but there's not much point in mulling over that now. I suggest we simply keep working on this wiki, approval will come by itself. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:37, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :: What kind of stories are you telling us? How many times has this happened? People are wasting their precious time on this instead of something more useful. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10102-52|&#126;2026-10102-52]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10102-52|talk]]) 13:57, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::LOL, login under your real name. Why are you even here? :::If you're feeling that you are wasting your time here, you know where the door is, right? I strongly encourage you to go and do something more useful. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 14:03, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Can't say I disagree. Negativity won't get us anywhere, that's for sure. Ultimately, we'll get there, and all the work we are doing here will soon end up in a real Interslavic wikipedia anyway, so it's definitely not a waste of time. And, if I may say so, complaining is a much bigger waste of time than actually contributing. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:45, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::: Look. It's a dead project; it only has four active users. Part of that is your fault, after all, you kept telling everyone the project was about to be approved (but it never happened). And I'll disappoint you a little: activity usually declines after a domain is created. I'd advise everyone to be more accepting of criticism. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10115-37|&#126;2026-10115-37]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10115-37|talk]]) 17:58, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Listen, brave man. If you want anyone to take your “criticism” even remotely seriously, you need to log in so we can see what your stake is and what you’ve actually contributed. Until then, you’ll simply come across as a troll or a saboteur. ::::::When we need your advice, we’ll ask for it. For now, you can tone it down and keep your advice to yourself. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:52, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::: Wikimedia has a [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal%20Code%20of%20Conduct universal code of conduct]. I recommend you read it. I've been following this project for several years, sometimes making anonymous edits. And I have the right not to register as long as Wikimedia Foundation projects allow this option. Your requests are rejected. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10259-25|&#126;2026-10259-25]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10259-25|talk]]) 20:07, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Too many recommendations for anonymous "editor", buddy. You're dismissed and free to go. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 21:36, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::All emotions aside, I don’t really understand your frustration about the situation or your negativity toward Jan. I’m pretty sure Jan was simply passing on to the community what he himself had been told. ::::::::I don’t think anyone involved in this project expects it to suddenly become hugely popular. For me, it’s about steady work and gradually onboarding new learners of Interslavic. ::::::::Personally, everything I write here — and everything I do in life — I do primarily for myself. I don’t expect large audiences or dramatic results. If you feel like you’ve wasted your time because you were expecting something bigger, maybe the issue isn’t the project itself but the expectations attached to it. ::::::::If exposure and visibility are what you’re looking for, there are platforms built exactly for that. Like TikTok for example. But this project has always been about consistent effort and long-term development, not instant recognition. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:31, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::And if you truly have such deep knowledge of the future and already know how everything is going to turn out, maybe you should try day trading. With that kind of foresight, you’d probably make millions — and then all the time you think you “wasted” on our small project would fade away like a bad dream. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:34, 15 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::That's right. Perhaps I've been premature with my assumptions, but they were not entirely without reason. First of all, we already met all the necessary requirements by October 2024 (five editors contributing regularly during a period of a few months + translated interface), and secondly, in January 2025 a member of the Language Committee confirmed that the project was ready for approval. Honestly, I have no idea why that still hasn't happened, and believe me, nobody feels more frustrated about this sluggishness than me. At first, I thought it was because of the label "constructed language", but given the fact that a wikipedia in Toki Pona was approved – even though it it's not even an auxiliary language and even though it wasn't even in the Incubator – that's can't really be the reason. And yes, of course I am disappointed that some active contributors haven't shown up for a long time. Neither do I understand why [[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] requested Interslavic Wikipedia on Meta and started this wiki on the Incubator, since he never contributed anything of substance afterwards. Still, no matter what, the best we can do is simply carry on. Showing that we *can* do it is precisely what the Incubator is meant for. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:01, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::And anonymous, you call this a dead project, but at the same time you noted yourself that other projects with less users and less content are being approved, so apparently it's not *that* dead after all. You say that we should be more accepting of criticism, but the point of criticism is to improve something, not to frustrate it. If you have ideas about how to improve this project, we are all ears, and if you care about this project, you are more than welcome to contribute. But if you don't, then I don't quite understand why you bother making these comments at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:03, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: I don't remember saying this, but I would have said the same thing. You need to clearly define your goal and determine whether it's achievable. If not, then move on to other goals. Here, it's like knocking on a closed gate. Sometimes they say something or wink, but the gate remains closed. I have ideas, but first you need to stop knocking on closed gates. It's really sad. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10286-28|&#126;2026-10286-28]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10286-28|talk]]) 11:38, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::I don't think it's like knocking on a closed gate. Look what happened with our ISO code. Our first two requests were rejected for stupid reasons and the third request took almost five years to be validated: first because they simply forgot about it, and then because it was stalled because they were reformulating their policies. It seems like they didn't quite know what do to with Interslavic, for example, whether they should qualify it as natural or a constructed language. So yes, I am kind of having a ''déjà-vu'' here. And again, I don't why it is taking them so long. The language itself shouldn't be the problem anymore, since its eligibility was established already in October 2024. My best guess is simply that the majority of the LangCom members are barely active, and that the remaining members are hesitant because of the extra work that needs to be done with regard to script conversion and the like. But ultimately ''upornost se izplati''. And anyway, it's not like we have an alternative here. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:37, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: There are alternatives. In fact, with the development of AI, Wikipedia's role is gradually diminishing. Just look at the statistics: activity is declining in many editions (for example, in Russian, but the situation is no better in other Slavic editions). The situation is only good in languages ​​with a large number of native speakers (English, Spanish, French). This project will ultimately be edited by a relatively small group of enthusiasts. If the project is for enthusiasts, work can be done anywhere (on other wiki projects, etc.) whithout frustration. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 14:26, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::The relationship between Wikipedia and AI is a problem in itself, but there's not much point in speculation about the future. Besides, following your logic, we might as well close all Wikipedias except the English one. You are right about one thing: if the Interslavic Wikipedia were purely intended for enthusiasts of Interslavic, Miraheze or whatever other wikifarm might do. But that's not the point. This wiki should serve as an additional source of information for Slavic speakers. The reason we need a separate Wikipedia project is that people can find it, for example via interwiki links. As long as it is stored here or in some wikifarm, nobody will be able to find it. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:05, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::: This isn't quite the correct continuation of my logic: sections don't need to be closed, but activity will gradually decline. They will remain as encyclopedias, but will be preserved (AI will take information from there for itself). As for whether people will be able to find this project through interwiki, that's doubtful; interwiki is badly presented in the current Wikipedia skin. It's easy to search there if you know exactly which language you need. But it's possible that some people will still find this project through interwiki. As a source of information, people prefer to read in their native language. What you said could have been expected 10-20 years ago. If they can't find information in their language, they'll translate it from the language in which it exists (most likely, English). The quality of translation in online translators is much better now. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 09:09, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::Good news. A thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia" has appeared on the Langcom Mailing List. I hope we get a positive response soon. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-17126-63|&#126;2026-17126-63]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-17126-63|talk]]) 20:12, 18 March 2026 (UTC) :::I'm really starting to get the impression that langcom is deliberately ignoring wp/isv. Jon Harald Søby created a thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia," but it received no response, either positive or negative. However, another thread appeared there and received an almost immediate response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18779-70|&#126;2026-18779-70]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18779-70|talk]]) 11:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::: That's true. But in reality, there are plenty of such threads. Someone wants approval, no one responds, or no one responds positively, and approval is delayed. Don't count on approval soon; it will be several years away. I especially don't recommend relying on the nearly dead Langcom.--[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18633-18|&#126;2026-18633-18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18633-18|talk]]) 11:30, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Years? Is it really that bad? What's the point of writing anything here if there will never be approval? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18861-96|&#126;2026-18861-96]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18861-96|talk]]) 13:56, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::: Honestly, I don't know why they're doing this. It's been clear many times that Langcom doesn't want to approve this project and will delay approval as long as possible. Sooner or later, this leads to burnout (maybe Langcom is counting on it). Note that Langcom hasn't offered any apologies or justifications, as if this is a normal situation. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18833-94|&#126;2026-18833-94]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18833-94|talk]]) 15:57, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ura! Sračky 😂 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 21:35, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Very good news! Other members of the language committee have responded, and it's safe to say that Interslavic Wikipedia is practically approved. All that's left is to leave a notification about the proposal being approved, and now all that's left is to create isv.wikipedia.org. Finally, it's isv's turn. Thank you for continuing to create articles and staying active. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31741-38|&#126;2026-31741-38]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-31741-38|talk]]) 03:13, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == Wiktionary == ''(moving this to a separate item to avoid cluttering)'' When we receive approval, will it automatically give us the option to create a Wiktionary for Interslavic, or do we need to apply for that separately? I already have some ideas and plans for it. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 15:45, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Setting up a separate Wiktionary would require a separate application process on [[m:Requests for new languages|Meta]]. Approval will probably come easier if Interslavic already has its own Wikipedia, though. Theoretically, you could also start creating a Wiktionary in the Incubator, here: [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/isv Wt/isv]. Yet I am wondering: what would be the point of a Wiktionary for Interslavic? We already have our multilingual dictionary at https://interslavic-dictionary.com/, and there's the same dictionary at http://steen.free.fr/interslavic/dynamic_dictionary.html. Keeping those two in line with each other is already quite a lot of work. Wouldn't it be better to keep all our eggs in one basket, instead of having even more dictionaries around? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:42, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::Well, in reality, I'm just experimenting. ::In theory, there is an automated or at least semi-automated way to add articles to Wiktionary straight from the dictionary database, so the labor part should not be that difficult. ::What I did is I've created a fork of the dictionary that is using the same database and did slight improvements to it's UI, so now you can compare multiple words at the same screen and you can also look up the Wiktionary article straight from the interface, just by pressing the hyperlink. Creating Interslavic Wiktionary obviously would allow me to add the links to Interslavic Wiktionary. ::Wiktionary by definition is something that anyone can edit, so: ::# People would add new words more easily (Yes, there is a problem with verifying if those words are good or not, but in general it would give more power to the community vs. now, when suggesting something to Interslavic dictionary seems more like a bureaucratic process rather than a community contribution). ::# People could modify articles about the words in Interslavic and add contexts, translations to their natural languages, usage examples, etc. (Think of https://context.reverso.net/) ::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:04, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::I've also revived the Slovnik Bot in Telegram and modified it a little bit, so it's also showing links to Wiktionary articles in corresponding languages. :::In theory, if people will add the use cases in Interslavic, this bot would be able to spit it out to users in Telegram. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::The slovnik fork is available here :::https://interslavic.forum/slovnik/ :::I'm still working on it, but it's pretty much done for now. :::It allows you to compare up to 4 words on the same screen and look up the Wiktionary articles for corresponding language. :::This is just something I'm constantly using in writing texts. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:10, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::In general, I'm just trying to integrate the existing infrastructure of Interslavic with what Wikipedia offers. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Well, I can certainly see the potential advantages of a Wiktionary. It could, for example, help in translating the dictionary into other languages. The thing is only that the official Interslavic dictionary is being worked on by a whole team of people. Errors are being corrected, new words are being added, and sometimes existing words are being replaced or simply kicked out. The problem with forked dictionaries is that sooner or later they will be obsolete. Besides, we can't have people adding stuff that hasn't been properly researched. That's why I am a bit hesitant here. But if you really want to try it, I cannot stop you, of course. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:50, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :This is a UI fork, mostly visual difference and additional features. It's connected to the same google document just as official dictionary. The only difference for now is that I've fixed individual declensions for some words (jejin, obědvě) (also I've committed the changes to official dictionary, it's just a matter for someone to approve the changes). :I'm not trying to create my own dictionary, but I'd like the work to go faster and I'd like to have a more participatory mechanism for the community. :Wiktionary would be a part of this mechanism. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:28, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Okay, we can of course give it a try. And like I said, I can surely see quite a few advantages of the idea. My only concern is, who is going to manage all this? Starting it in the Incubator is possible for sure, but if it's going to be a one-man show, it will probably stay there forever. Personally, I'd much rather we concentrate on Wikipedia now, which is already more than enough work. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:07, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::I'll try to see how far I can go with it. If I fail, I fail, no biggie. I promise I will keep writing here on Wiki :) [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:16, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I also do see potential in empowering people. When we know that our voice matters and we can affect something, it is in itself a very inspiring thing. I may be too naive and idealistic tho. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:21, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::[[Wt/isv/Main Page]] :::I've created the Main Page and in process of importing the words from the dictionary. :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], I was thinking translating some of your materials from English to Interslavic on word formation, voting machine, etc to create Help page, can I have your permission? :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] @[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] @[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] @[[Koristnik:Danvintius Bookix|Danvintius Bookix]] @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]] @[[Koristnik:Medžuslovjanin|Medžuslovjanin]] @[[Koristnik:Ferpaks|Ferpaks]] @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] @[[Koristnik:Aula Orion|Aula Orion]] @[[Koristnik:Panslav|Panslav]] @[[Koristnik:Orbitminis|Orbitminis]] @[[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] @[[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] @[[Koristnik:Plameniled|Plameniled]] @[[Koristnik:Miłosz Czaniecki|Miłosz Czaniecki]] @[[Koristnik:Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров]] @[[Koristnik:Qiorly|Qiorly]] @[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] @[[Koristnik:SzymonV|SzymonV]] @[[Koristnik:Asank neo|Asank neo]] @[[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] @[[Koristnik:Machine of goodness|Machine of goodness]] @[[Koristnik:Snovid|Snovid]] :::If anyone has any suggestions, I'd love to hear it. :::So far my plan is the followinɡː :::[[Wt/isv/Vikislovnik:Propozicija měseca#Dorabotati Vikislovnik]] [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 01:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi GlěbDyndar, I can see the Wiktionary already on the incubator, and found a nice side-effect for Wikipedia incubator: when editing in Visual mode, selecting a noun in Nominative or a verb in infinitive, and pressing Ctrl-K (to insert hyperlink) it also shows possible links to the Wiktonary, so this option could be used for spell checking 😎 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 13:40, 19 March 2026 (UTC) :::::That would be awesome! Having something to check spelling against is beneficial for the wiki. Yes, there is an official Interslavic Dictionary available, but it's not really built into Wikipedia, it would be really interesting to see it imported into the Wiktionary in its full extent and interconnected with the Wikipedia for spellcheck. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|contribs]]) 14:19, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: First of all, it's not that it takes up a lot of memory. Wiki projects use templates. A volunteer user who might want to edit Wiktionary doesn't need to know HTML and CSS. Learn to create templates first. The original wiki code, consisting almost entirely of HTML and CSS, is what we had in the past. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 16:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Да говно эти шаблоны, в эпоху ИИ от них толку мало, ебешься три года ради того, что ИИ напишет за секунду. А потом если нужно какую строчку добавить или убавить в карточке, снова нужно лезть в этот шаблон и выяснять что там к чему. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::все новое - это хорошо забытое старое) :::::::::Шаблоны были сделаны, чтоб облегчить жизнь тем, кто не может кодить. Сейчас кодить может каждый, соответственно шаблоны летят мимо. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:10, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: Whether it's good or bad, that's the way things are done in Wikimedia projects. So, don't blame anyone else. You can easily create your own beautiful wiki project without templates in the AI ​​era. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 10:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Да не переживай ты так, учитель) Разберусь, что мне делать. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 16:24, 15 May 2026 (UTC) == Sravniti vs. sravnjati vs. sravnivati == slovnik ima 'sravnjati' kak imperfect, ale iz mojego pogleda, bylo by razumněje pisati "sravnivati", ibo priblizno vse jezyky imajut dodatny slog v tutom slovu v imperfektu "sravnjati" za mene imaje smysl "uravnjati", "sdělati jednakovym", na angl. ''to level'' čto myslite? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Nu znaješ, "sravnjati" prosto jest regularno stvorjena nesovršena forma sovršenogo glagola "sravniti". V dolgoj historiji medžuslovjanskogo jezyka vsegda jesmo usilovali, že jezyk jest kako možno regularny. Zato ''-ati > -yvati'', a ''-iti > -jati''. Očevidno, byli by takože druge možnosti, napr. ''-ati > -avati'' iili ''-iti > -ivati''. Ale my jesmo izbrali te formy, ktore sut najbolje razprostranjene po slovjanskyh jezykah. Poněkogda te druge formy na indivualnoj osnově daže mogut byti lěpše, ale ne hočemo vvesti v jezyk veče neregularnostij, neželi sut potrěbne. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:01, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, Jane, ja dobro razuměm i pametam vaše pojasnjenje o logikě impf.-pf. glagolov v MS, ale čto ako li poněkogda stvorjajemo falšivyh prijateljev v ugodu regulardnosti? (rus. сравнять, čes. srovnat, pol. zrównać) ::Dodatno, regularnost v MS v tutom osobnom slučaju (iz moejgo pogleda) ide protiv naturalističnosti, ibo vse naturalne jezyky prědavajut semantiku "to be comparing" inym slovom. ::Russky срав'''ни'''вать, сопоставлять ::Bělorussky параўноўваць, зраў'''ноў'''ваць, супастаўляць ::Ukrajinsky порів'''ню'''вати, зіставляти, зрівнювати ::Poljsky porów'''ny'''wać ::Češsky srov'''ná'''vat, porov'''ná'''vat ::Slovačsky porov'''ná'''vať, zrov'''ná'''vať ::Hrvatsky srav'''nji'''vati, upoređivati ::Srbsky срав'''њи'''вати, упоређавати ::Makedonsky сравнува, споредува ::Bulgarsky срав'''ня'''вам ::"Sravnjati s zemjeju" — "Compare with Earth?" or "Level it to the ground"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:43, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Aha, razuměju. Da da, takom slučaju može lěpje bude ''sravnyvati'' (nesov.) i ''sravnati'' (sov.), a takože ''sravnanje'' zaměsto ''sravnjenje'' «comparison”, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:57, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Moje prědloženje": :::for the verb ''to compare: sravniti / sravnivati,'' ibo to odpovědaje logikě naturalnyh jezykov. :::for the verb ''to even, to level'' we already have ''poravniti'' (curiously, it's not ''por'''o'''vniti'', which would follow the logic you're explaining) :::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:13, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::''sravnjati'' možemo ostaviti, ale jedino v smyslu ''to even, to level'' [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:22, 14 February 2026 (UTC) == Websajt s katalogom i statistikoju == <nowiki>https://medzuslovjansky.onl/</nowiki> jesm stvoril maly websajt s vyše vizualnym kalalogom stranic i statistikoju može byti koristany kak onlajn biblioteka stvoril jego da by može byti takym obrazom uprostiti dostup obyčnyh ljudij do Viki i malost zainteresovati v napisanju člankov prošu, pišite vaši propozicije i myslji [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 17:32, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :myslju oddělno sdělati filtr za kategorij s prověrjenym pravopisom i dobry članok, da by možno bylo legko najdti teksty s dobrym MSom [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:11, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, to bylo by interesno. Myslju, že kategorija s prověrjenym pravopisom ne jest mnogo upotrěbima, ale može [[Incubator:Spisok najdolžejših stranic|tutoj spisok najdolžejših ćlankov]] jest? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::Už sdělal oddělny filtr, koj polazyvaje jedino članky so zvězdoju i s prověrjenym pravopisom. Myslju, to ne byla zla ideja i ja budu probovati dodavati toj šablon, kogda čitaju članky. :::Vo vkladke statistika možno odfiltrovati članky po dolžině, ale može byti sdělati oddělnu jarku vkladku "Najdolžejše članky"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:19, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, myslju, že to jest dobry pomysl. Mimohodom, može mogli byhmo uže dodati do dobryh člankov. Srěd mojih člankov, myslju, že napriklad [[Abhazsky alfabet]], [[Džok (pes)]] i [[Ҕ]] kvalifikujut se, ibo sut mnogo obširnějše, než jihne ekvivalenty na drugyh jezykah. Imajete li prědloženja? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::A nas budut prověrjati na odpovědnost kriterijam dobryh člankov? Ibo imajemo množstvo člankov vyše 10kb, koje libo už sut dost dobre (ale može byti ne sut take dobre, kak jihne analogy v inyh jezykah, ili prinajmenje v něktoryh), ale sut kratše, než v inyh jezykah. :::::I takože imajemo množstvo člankov menše než 10kb, ale koje takože sut mnogo dobre. :::::Večinstvo (ili vse) članky o kiriličnyh bukvah sut dobre na moj pogled, ale ne imajut trěbujemogo razměra. :::::@[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] napisal několiko dobryh člankov, ale on prosil prověriti pravopis za njim i ja byh dodal v jegove članky malost obrazov ili medija materialov, že by jih nemnogo oživiti (imajut prěmnogo teksta bez ničego vizualnogo) :::::@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] takože napisal dostatočno dobryh člankov [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:27, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Da da, jesm suglasny. Teoretično ne imajemo izrazne kriterije, toliko, že dobry članok trěbuje iměti někoju kritičnu masu. Granica 10K bajtov byla ustanovjena libovoljno, kogda na medžuviki iměli jesmo 20 člankov >10K, ale tutčas imajemo jih ok. 140. Dolgy ne avtomatično znači lěpši. Po mojemu mněnju, da by članok kvalifikoval se za uměščenje na glavnoj stranici: ::::::* jest bolje-menje kompletny o obgovarjaje vse aspekty (napr. članok o državě ne jest kompletny, ako nemaje ničego o ekonomikě, prirodě i t.d.). ::::::* imaje pravilny i prověrjeny pravopis ::::::* jest osnovany na prověrjenyh izvorah (znači, ne slěpo kopirovanyh iz drugyh viki) ::::::* ne jest toliko prěvod članka iz drugoj viki ::::::* kako možno, sodrživaje obrazky ::::::* kako možno, jest lěpši od ekvivalentah na drugyh slovjanskyh jezykah ::::::* prědmet ne jest prěmnogo niševy. ::::::Kromě togo, dobro by bylo, ako jest raznorodnost medžu člankami na glavnoj stranici. Tutčas imajemo ok. 20 dobryh člankov. Glupo bylo by, ako srěd njih byli 3 kirilične bukvy, ili 3 ukrajinski politiki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:51, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Dodati linky na spoločnosti v Dicord i TG na glavnoj stranici v menju == Tutčas poglednul i uviděl, že bulgarska vikipedija ima linky do spoločnostij v discord i tg na glavnoj stranici v menju, v lěvoj jegovoj česti. Može byti, my takože budemo dodati? https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:29, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :Ne znaju, imaje li smysl popularizovati toj Diskord, on ne imaje ničto občo s Viki projektom, i Jan tam ne jest. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:16, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Nove možnosti translliteracije - sdělano == Blagodare dobrym ljudam, pomagavšim izměniti skript, pojavili se nove možnosti transliteracije.<br/>Šablon '''-''' dostavaje novu funkciju: <br/>Tuty šablon upravjaje transliteracijeju, izključaje ju za fragment teksta (kogda koristaje se s jednym parametrom), ili pokazyvaje razny tekst za latinicu i kirilicu (variant s dvoma parametrami).<br/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</nowiki></code>|| <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Jean-François</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Жан-Франсуа</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Джо Байден</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu {{-|Roundhay|Раундхеј}}» (1888) {{-|[[Louis Le Prince|{{-|Louis Le Prince'a}}]]|[[Louis Le Prince|Луи ле Пранса ({{-|Louis Le Prince)}}]]}} — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu Roundhay» (1888) Louis Le Prince'a — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Сцена в саду Раундхеј» (1888) Луи ле Пранса (Louis Le Prince) — најраннєјши известны филм в хисторији.</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>V Providence’u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>В Провиденсу</nowiki></code> |} <br /> <s>Čto ješče ne rabotaje: v mobilnoj versiji bude vsegda pokazyvati i latiničny i kiriličny varianty. Na rěšenju rabotajemo.</s> Vsečto uže rabotaje! [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:15, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Odlično! Nu izvini, ale vse vrěme ne razuměju, začto jest toj drugy šablon. Takože možno jest pisati: <nowiki>{{-|Jean-François (izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|Žan-Fransua (fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki>, i rezultat bude taky sam, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Jego sdělal Iohanen za test, rěšil ostaviti 😊 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:43, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::vot test obohdvoh šablonov na živom članku https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:48, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Mene lično dopoka nemnogo ustrašaje ta razlika medžu latiniceju i kiriliceju, ko ktoroj prihodímo. Napriklad, jesm musel v jednom slučaju sklonjati kirilicu i ne sklonjati latinicu 😢 Tako prijdemo ko dvom jezykam. Možlivo, bysmo mogli prěporučovati koristanje tutoj možnosti toliko v izključiteljnyh slučajah? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:04, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::A v kakom slučaju trěba bylo sklonjati kirilicu? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:13, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Tut byl variant ::::v Red Hook / v Ред-Хуку, ale já jesm dopoka našel izhod: ::::v apartamentu v četvrti {-|Red Hook|Ред Хук} [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:18, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::ješče v Providence / в Провиденсу [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:24, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:32, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::myslím, že rěšenjem jest vo Providensu / во Провиденсу, v Red-Huku / в Ред-Хуку. Ale, Lovecrafta/Лавкрафта, zato že ime [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:31, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:35, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::nu to jest podobno russkomu jezyku, kogda koristajut se kusky latinicy [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:37, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Točno. A tamtyh slučajah: {{-|v Providence’u, v Red Hook’u}}. Koristajuči novy možnosti, možno daže: <code><nowiki>«V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u»</nowiki></code>: «V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u». {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:40, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::nu to uże diko jest: во Провиденс-цу? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:42, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Vo Providence'u/ во Провиденсу izgledaje kompromisno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:44, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::interesno, trěba izučiti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:52, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::Gaulle на выдумки хитра (russko prislovje) ☺️ [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Vsim pozdrav, ide obnovjenje skripta, transliteracija ne bude někaky čas rabotati. Prosim izviniti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 17:47, 5 March 2026 (UTC) :Tak, vsečto jest izrěšeno, uže rabotaje i na mobilu. Mnogo děkuju adminam Vikipedije, ktore mnogo pomogli. Ura 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 19:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC) ::Vidžu! Fantastično! Hvala vsim, ktori pomogli! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:20, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Originalne <s>imena ljudij</s> i iztvorov umětnostij kako nazvy člankov == <s>Ja jesm natolkl se na toj problem, že ne věm, kako dějati lěpše... Jest članok o Johnu R. R, Tolkienu, zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano anglijskym jezykom. Trěba li takym že sposobom stvorjati i nove članky? A kako pisati vnutri članka?</s> <s>Ješče jesm ugleděl, že v poljskom jezyku imena sklanjajut se po pravilam jezyka, ale pišut se kako v originalu. Či možno li togda vnutri članka pisati, napriklad, ''... u Johna Ronalda Reuela Tolkiena...''? Ne bude li togda to mrzko izgledati v kirilici ''... у Jохна Роналда Реуела Толкиена...''? Abo trěba vnutri članka flavorizovati?..</s> P.S. Pomilujte, ja jesm slěpec, jedino tutčas uviděl jesm v vrhu to, kak to možno sdělati. Ješče jedna věč: jest članok o «Vladaru prstenjev», zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano na anglijskom jezyku («The Lord of the Rings»). Trěba li jego prěimenovati na medžuslovjansky jezyk? Myslim, že trěba, bo na vsakoj Vikipedije nazvy knig prěkladajut se na glavny jezyk Vikipedije. Cělkovito ne razuměm, kako rěšati tuto pytanje, ačekoli mně se kaže, že jego už obgovarjali, ale ja ne vidim rezultatov, pomilujte. S považenjem, [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|talk]]) 07:38, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Da, nazvanja knig jest trěba prěkladati, TLOTR in particular ☺️ Nužno jest tuty članok prěimenovati/prěměstiti, čto ne jest trudno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:21, 3 May 2026 (UTC) ::Točno, lěpje jest prěvoditi zaglavja knig, filmov i t.d., ale takože imaje byti prěnapravjenje od originalnogo zaglavja. Jesm prěimenoval TLOTR v [[Vladar prstenjev]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:14, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == Approval! == Great news! Interslavic Wikipedia will soon be approved! Committee member Jon Harald Søby posted the approval notice on the Talk Language Committee page! Finally! Let everyone know if anyone doesn't know yet, and let Jan know too! Victory! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-35104-48|&#126;2026-35104-48]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-35104-48|talk]]) 18:12, 15 June 2026 (UTC) :approved! 🎉 [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36378-17|&#126;2026-36378-17]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-36378-17|talk]]) 15:14, 23 June 2026 (UTC) : Radostno! [[Koristnik:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Таёжный лес|besěda]]) 23:48, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Administratorstvo == Dragi! Dnes nakonec naša Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija byla stvorjena. Blagoželaju nam vsim i imaju naděju, že naš projekt bude postojanno rasti! Ja jesm byl administrator v Inkubatoru, a takože vo vsih prědhodnyh versijah medžuslovjanskoj viki (od 2007 g.). Na žalost, administratorstvo ne bylo prěneseno avtomatično iz Inkubatora, zato trěba mně tu oficialno kandidatovati se na administratora. Jest několiko věčij, ktore tutčas trěba bude sdělati bystro. Napriklad, vy isto pametajete, že skoro vse stranice iz Medžuviki byli kopirovane ručno – bez jihnyh historij, čto jest narušenje avtorskyh prav – i zato ja hoču je stopiti s novějšimi versijami. Kromě togo, vsegda jest potrěbny někto, ktory odstranjaje spam, vandalizm i tako dalje. Prošu, glasujte poniže! Sut slědujuče opcije: {{-|<nowiki>{{Za}}, {{Protiv}}, {{Nevtralno}} i {{Primětka}}</nowiki>}}. Ne zabudite dodati svoj podpis (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). S srdečnym pozdravom, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:50, 24 junij 2026 (UTC) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:09, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}: Razuměje se, Jan nas dovedl tu kde jesmo, ov projekt bez jegovogo děla ne by ni egzistoval. On zakladaje se mnogo i obhodi se s pravdivymi ambicijami. Nadějem se budemo iměti uspěšny prvy god na živoj Vikipediji! :) – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 00:19, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 03:01, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} i potrěbujemo izbrati ješče 2-3 admini ili podadmini [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 06:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} Jan nas dovedl tam, kamo jesmo potrěbovali, i kako najaktivnějši člen občiny si zasluži byti administratorom. --[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:49, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}}, očevidno. Velika hvala vsim — to jest naš obči uspěh! [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 17:53, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} očevidno, Jan je tvorec medžuslovjanskogo. [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 01:05, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # Разумєје се {{Za}} [[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:FitikWasTaken|besěda]]) 13:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} prisjedinjaju se k vsemu vyše skazanomu. [[Koristnik:Noncinque|Noncinque]]([[Besěda s koristnikom:Noncinque|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (UTC+6) === Drugi admini === {{Ping|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} i ostatni, kogo jesm ne vspomnil tut, prosim nehtěl by někdo se stati vtorym i tretjim adminom, da by Jan ne tegnul vsečto sam? Prosim takože vsih glasovati, hvalim voprěd. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:23, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) 09:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :Ja ne věm, ako byh iměl na to dostatok časa, i ja o tom budu razvažiti. Ja dekuju za prědloženje. [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:57, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) ::Da, dobro bylo by iměto ješče jednogo ili dvoh adminov. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], može li ty se kandiduješ? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :::Možno, budu, ale by se htělo lěpših kandidatov. ({{-|BTW}} izčezlo "odgovoriti", to jesm ja něčto slomil?) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:21, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Ja mogu prijmati vaše prizvanje do administratorstva. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:35, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]]: Super! Togda sdělajte oddělno zaglavje, da byhmo ne komplikovali žitje administratorom na Meta. ;) {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:44, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hvala @[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], tako izdělajemo, ale htělo by ješče i někogo, kdo znaje, kako rabotaje Vikipedija lěpje, než ja ili @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i od kogo by bylo vyše koristi. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:03, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) Zdrav! Ako naša občina to želaje, mogu sebe nominovati za administratora i administratora interfejsa. Primarno se interesujem rabotati na tehničnoj infrastrukturě projekta: šablony, moduly, CSS, JS/gadžety, botovanje, i t.d. Administrativne prava dobro prihodet zaradi izčrkavanja i iziskyvanja, importovanja i prěměščanja specifičnyh stranic, iz-medžu ostalogo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:02, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :@[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]]: To bylo by odlično! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:05, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm uže administrator (interfejsa) na srbskohrvatskoj Vikipedije i bylo by mně milo prenesti něčto znalosti odonud ovamo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:11, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini - glasovanje === Kandidati na druge admini sut dva, @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] i @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]], oni ne sut konkurenti, adminami mogut byti obadva, jestli budut poddržani, prosim za ili protiv njih takože glasovati tut (ne zabezpametajte glasovati i za Jana vgorě) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ==== Vipz ==== @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo opytnogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} – ne znam dobro člověka [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 10:59, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. Věrim jegovomu slovu o znanju interfejsa — tute znanja sut nam potrěbne. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:37, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}, očevidno! Izkušeny koristnik, črěz dolge lěta byl administrator Medžuviki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:38, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:07, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... ==== Marcoorio ==== @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo motivovanogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:40, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 15:47, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:08, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 12:58, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... == Kolikost člankov na latinici i kirilici == Dragi prijatelji! Ja myslju, že oprědělenje "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju" ne odgovarja enciklopedičnosti. Prědlagaju stvoriti kategoriju, katalog po tipu Spisok člankov na latinici i na kirilici. Začto? Da by točno razuměti, koliko u nas materialov jest napisano na oboh grafikah. Poka čto u nas sut tendencije k umenšenju pisanja člankov na kirilici. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 23:10, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :A či jest li potrěbno tuto ukazanje? Imajemo translitiraciju, zatom, na moj pogled, ne jest potrěbno ukazyvati, koliko člankov sut na kirilici/latinici. Takym tvrdženjem možemo odstrašiti tyh, kto znaje kirilicu i ne znaje latinicu (ako taki sut) abo někako inako prinesti zlu myslj, ale, očevidno, ju ne imajemo. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm obratil uvagu na fakt, že v članku "Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija" jest privedena taka informacija: "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju", ale ne ima spiska člankov po kirilici i latinici. Zato jesm pomyslil, že jest enciklopedično ukazovati točnu informaciju [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:52, 26 junij 2026 (CEST). Дља статистикы буде интересно. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Kako oprěděliti, latinica ili kirilica, bot/skript musi uděliti toliko tekst iz članka i sčitati latinične i kirilične bukvy? Napriměr, jestli vyše 70% teksta sut kirilične bukvy, on jest kiriličny? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 13:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :: А сут много чланков, кде оба писма? Вообче, по мојему мнєнју то пытанје технично. Просто, интересно, направду, кака у нас тутчас статистика. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:14, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Mnogo lingvističnyh člankov imajut kirilične tablicy, priměry teksta, kako Mansijsky jezyk i td. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:19, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Ili prosto, tekst s kiriličnymi nazvami razdělov jest kiriličnym 8-) Ako li sut razděly [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:22, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Za statistiku bylo by interesno, ale ja ne myslju, že taka kategorizacija jest potrěbna. Kromě togo dodavanje i poddrživanje tyh kategorij bude mnogo raboty. Někoj čas tomu nazad jesm prosto občislil, koliko iměli jesmo člankov na kirilici i latinici na osnově zaglavij (ne včisleči mojih člankov o kiriličnyh bukvah, ktore byli napisane latiniceju). Togda to bylo okolo 1/3 kirilice i 2/3 latinice. Kako to izgledaje tutčas, ja ne znaju. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 15:56, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm napravil osnovnu prověrku: v tutom momentu, 1,072 odnosno {{round|70.993377}}% nadpisov je na latinici, a 438 odnosno {{round|29.006623}}% vsih nadpisov na kirilici. Imějuči na umu različne dolžiny člankov, {{Round|88.523968}}% vsego teksta napisano je na latinici. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 16:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jestvuje že algoritm, ktory čisli kolikost člankov pravilno? A ako prosto načeti označovati članky kategorijami "Članok napisany kiriliceju" / "Članok napisany latiniceju", tako takože možno stvoriti po priměru togo algoritma algoritm, ktory v kategorijah bude čisliti članky. Ili sčitati ručno, s pomočju kategorij. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 16:44, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Razděljenje Krčmy == Dragi kolegi, hčemo razdvojiti [[Vikipedija:Krčma]] na několiko tematičnyh odděljenij? Za početok: Pravila i směrnice; Tehnika (ili Tehnične kvestije/pytanja); Jezyk i pravopis (ili Jezyčne kvestije/pytanja); Noviny. Tak možemo razbrěmeniti centralnu stranicu Krčmy i ulegšati slědovanje diskusij kogda-libo egzistuje potrěba diskutovati mnogo prědmetov jednočasno. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 14:23, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) : Јесм согласны. Але, по мојему мнєнју новины не трєба оддєљати од централној Крчмы. Лєпје јих видєти разом на централној. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:41, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Či ne lěpje li arhivovati stare diskusije? Krčma jest velmi těžka tutčas, ale imaje byti "{{-|village pump}}", selskoju studnoju, kde obgovarjaje se vsečto [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Dalšo pytanje, imajemo v menu "Portal občiny", čto nikuda ne vede. Imaje tam býti link do Krčmy? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:32, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm arhivoval stare poslanja v Krčmě. Pozdněje hoču takože dodati starějše sodržanje Krčmy na Medžuviki do arhiva, ale tutčas to ješče ne jest možno. ::Čto se tyče razdvojenja krčmy, ja ne jesm uvěrjen, jest li to smyslno. Imajemo tu može 10–20 aktivnyh učestnikov i obyčne sut samo dva ili tri aktivne prědmety na měsec. Napriklad, v maju bylo samo 14 pravok, a v aprilju 4. Ako tu bude zaisto mnogo aktivnosti, togda možno bude pomysliti o razdvojenju, ale v medžučasu ja byh ostavil Krčmu taku, kaka ona jest. Očevidno budut avtomatične poslanja na anglijskom jezyku od fondacije Wikimedia, ktore po mojemu mněnju možno bude arhivovati do oddělnogo arhiva. ::A Portal občiny... jest li nam on potrěbny? Ja by na tom město sdělal link do Krčmy, ale k tomu bude potrěbny administrator. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:05, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:20, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Jesm mněval, tutčas jesmo oficialna Vikipedija, itak bude mnogo vyše raboty i, slědovateljno, diskusije. Kogda avtomatične, masivne poslanja budut početi, one nas budut zakopati. Brda inojezyčnyh poslanij umějut dokladati tako zvanomu '{{-|[[:en:banner blindness|banner blindness]]u}}'. Tutošnje poslanja togda budut menje primětne, čto može pobudžati deficit lokalnoj aktivnosti. Jedno rěšenje jest arhivacija, nu časom ne budemo htěti arhivovati recentne poslanja. Drugo rěšenje jest čekati, viděti i onogda rěšati. Jesm oprěděljeny za koju-nebud opciju. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 08:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Pozdrav, Jane, čto jestli prosto dati vněšni link na kavárnu Medžuviki prěd linkom na arhiv na početku stranice? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:30, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja ne mnju, že Portal občiny ima vesti na Krčmu, na češskoj Vikipediji to napriměr vede na [[:cs:Wikipedie:Portál Wikipedie|tutu stranicu]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 19:24, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::@[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]]: Da da, ja znaju, ale češska Vikipedija jest veliky projekt. Menše viki često ne imajut taky portal, ili samo někaky kratky tekst ili prěnapravjenje na [[Vikipedija:Čto Vikipedija ne jest]]. Nyně my imajemo prěmalo stranic za taky portal, ale može poprobujemo stvoriti nečto, li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:55, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm samo daval priměr. Portal občiny ne jest besěda občiny. Ale v budučnosti možemo něčto takovogo izrabotati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:49, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) == Vikidane == Pozdrav. Kako toliko na Vikidane dodadut jezyčny kod <code>isv</code>, bude trěba tutu stranicu na Vikidane [[d:Q16503|dodati]]. Možno jest, že to za nas izdělajut administratori Vikidanyh, ibo ja jesm na besědě stranice kako ne prijavjeny koristnik napisal zajavjenje o dodanje (ja jesm byl v rabotě). Jednako bude poslě potrěba priložiti takože vsake članky. Česti se mogu prijeti tako ja, ale sam ja na to ne staču. Tyseč člankov jest mnogo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:51, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Nám oběčali sut, že to sdělaje robot (možlivo) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 08:52, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Možlivo v budučnosti, kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, ale nyně ne jest možno kako by robot funkcionoval bez dodanogo koda. Itak, robot bude potrěbovati čestičnu pomoč od koristnikov, ibo ne vse bude podojdti izrabotati avtomatično. Ače, umětna inteligencija by možno mogla tako isto funkcionovati. Ale kto bude priučati umětnu inteligenciju? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:20, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Administracija Viki nam to oběčaje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Da, to jest možlivo. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm chčel se zapytati. Kako jest tuta stranica povezana s drugymi stranicami na inych jezyčnyh verzijah? To ne jest izdělano skroz Vikidane, ibo tako Vikidane ne imajut naš jezyčny kod, daže to ne jest izdělano skroz interviki, ili ja jesm to ne ugledal? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:35, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::Ja už jesm to našel. Tehničny šablon <code><nowiki>{{INTERWIKI}}</nowiki></code> iz {{š|Zaglavje krčmy}}. Kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, tuten tehničny šablon ne bude jest zapotrěbny. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:46, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Tak 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::::Hvala. Tako jest, ja jesm izrabil šablon {{š|Šablon}} (kratky link {{š|Š}}), kako isto tehničny šablon dlja ostavjanja inyh šablonov. Tuten šablon bude jest potrěba praviti dlja različenja imennyh prostorov i zablokovanja linka veduči na ne egzistujuče stranice. Tutčasna verzija jest velmi prosta. Tako jest, tuten šablon tutčasno ne uměje parametry. Tako isto, to bude potrěba dodati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:21, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :V vslědnyh dnah bude naš jezyčny kod <code>isv</code> dodany do Vikidanyh, kako jest viděti [[phab:T430419|tu na Fabrikatoru]]. Hvala adminam Fabrikatora. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 09:00, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) :The change has been merged and will be deployed on Wednesday during MediaWiki Train [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 16:33, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:45, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Velika hvala. Thank you. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:08, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Hi, it is Wednesday, where are we? Many thanks [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:55, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) == Translations == Hi! Zdravo! Lately I have been translating special pages and namespaces. I noticed that an Interslavic Wikipedia was created (since I am from Ukraine myself) and I was very happy. So, I want to offer localization for this Wiki, all I need is a list of the necessary special pages and namespaces with their translation. If translation is still needed, then tag me under the list. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:31, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hi, sorry this is already done I believe. Thank you anyway 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:36, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::This about links. For example: Special:AllPages — Specialna:Vse stranice. And also translating for other non translated special pages (BlockedExternalDomains for example) [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:42, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Na tom uže někdo tuž rabotaje, ale možlivo Jan tebe odepíše [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:43, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Maybe the "Special" namespace still needs translation, and the individual links to the special pages. The view name of the pages are already translated, or should be at least. But links and the namespace itself are still in English. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) == Kako jest slovo "pěskovišče" kategorizovano? == Ja jesm pytam, či jest slovo "pěskovišče" roda mužskoho ili srědnogo? Ja jesm ne našel tuto slovo v [https://interslavic-dictionary.com/ medžuslovjanskom slovniku], ktory ja upotrěbjaju na odgovory i ine pravky. V češskom jezyku tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo, tak samo ja mnju, že tako samo tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo tako v medžuslovjanskom. Ale ja znaju, že to ne jest vsegda pravda. Napriměr, slovo "šablon" jest roda mužskogo v medžuslovjanskom jezyku, ale to samo jest roda ženskogo v češskom jezyku. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:51, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Vse imenniky na '''-o''' (poslě tvroj suglasky) i '''-e''' (poslě mekkoj suglasky) sut srědnjego roda. Slova na '''-išče''' v občem označajut město. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:12, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Tako jest slovo "město" roda srědnjego, da? Togda pěskovišče musi byti roda srědnjego kako město, da? Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 20:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :ono jest [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 20:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm zabyl, odprašaju se. Tako hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:14, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) mh1n6kowgz92u2k6j4xfjxcmwi7y0sm 27781 27780 2026-07-01T17:57:33Z Ilja isv 10 /* Administratorstvo */ Odgovor 27781 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Zaglavje krčmy}} <!--- Napišite svoje soobčenje niže ---> == Link na Diskord-server na Glavnoj stranici == Na Glavnoj stranici tut: Ако вы имајете какеколи пытан​ја, проблемы, примєткы или прєдложен​ја, поставите јих в '''[[Incubator:Krčma|крчмє обчины]]''' или [https://discord.gg/nhRuYAc5Uq нашем Дискорд-серверу]. Diskord-link vede na server Safronowiec, ktory uže malo čto imaje občo s MS i vikipedijeju. Imaje li smysl jego izmeniti na aktualny MS Diskord? Ili takože dodati link na Telegram-čat? Velika hvala. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 06:45, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] – Čestno govoreči, ja ne jesm na Diskordu i ne znaju te servery. Jest li tam někaka grupa, ktora specifično zajmaje se MS Vikipedijeju? Ako ne, može bylo by lěpje dodati link k grupě na Telegramu. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:39, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, možno dati link na tuty razdel Diskorda, gde diskutuje se rabota na Vikipedii ::[[discord:channels/879438774323535914/1284479085871104075|• Discord | "Medžuslovjanska Wikipedija" | Medžuslovjansky • Меджусловјанскы • Interslavic]] ::či takože na telegram https://t.me/interslavic_wikipedia, ale myslim by bylo dobro prěd tym zapytati tamnogo admina ili vlastnika. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:13, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :::Grupa na Telegramu jest nemnožko aktivnějša, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:28, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Takože jestvuje stary Diskord-server za Medžuviki: https://discord.gg/Yp5QfFCPny, ktorogo vodil Lev. Oboje dnes neaktivny. Jestvuje li potrěba iměti sobstveny Diskord-server za Vikipediju? Forum-nit ne jest mnogo primětna. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 09:35, 6 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, tam ješče někto byvaje iz redaktorov, dodam tuty link do glavnoj stranicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:58, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Prědustavjeno pismo == Zdrav surabotniki! Jest nužno organizovati (povtoriti) razpravu o preferovanom pismu medžuslovjanskoj Vikipedije na domenu Fundacije Vikimedija, da byhmo iměli osnovu za tehničnu rabotu ktora odnese se na naše jezyčne kody <code>isv</code>, <code>isv-Latn</code>, and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> na Fabrikatoru ({{-|phabricator.wikimedia.org}}). [https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEuviki:Kavarnja#Vikipedija_na_med%C5%BEuslovjanskom Diskusije organizovane na sajtu Miraheze] – na Fabrikatoru oni ne uvažajut. Slědovateljno otvarjaju ovu diskusiju: ktoro pismo preferujemo i začto? – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 08:58, 9 January 2026 (UTC) Hey Vipz, I'll respond in English, so that members of the Language Committee will be able to follow this conversation as well. A few months ago, I went through all articles we have, and found that about 2/3 of our articles use the Latin alphabet and 1/3 use Cyrillic. Although I am not active on social media myself, I have the impression that the situation there is similar: the majority uses Latin, but a sizeable minority uses Cyrillic. Since Latin and Cyrillic being equal is one of the main design criteria of Interslavic, the conclusion is simple: it should be possible to use both alphabets, and they should, ''as far as possible'', be served equally well. In other words, we need a bidrectional script converter. I've been looking around a bit and found ca. 20 Wikipedia editions that work with some kind of script converter: * Our own converter runs on Javascript and has three options: the source page (Lat/Cyr), the Latin transliteration and the Cyrillic translation. It has the advantage that the system remembers the preferred script of the user, apparently by means of a cookie. In mainspace articles, this converter only transliterates the text, but not the page name and not the categories. On category pages, it transliterates the titles of the articles and subcategories it contains, as well as system messages like "Тхе фолловинг 4 пагес аре ин тхис цатегоры, оут оф 4 тотал." The only established Wikipedia with a converter that works like this is [[:got:|Gothic]]. * [[:sr:|Serbian]], [[:uz:|Uzbek]], [[:ku:|Kurdish]], [[:chr:|Crimean Tatar]], [[:iu:|Inuktitut]] and [[:shi:|Tachelhit]] have PHP-based converters with the same three options (f.ex. source, Lat., Kir.). Information about the script is contained in the URL. The system does not remember one's preferred script, so when a page is opened, it is always the source text that is displayed first. This converter also converts the page title and the categories it is in. On category pages it does the opposite from our current converter: it transliterates the page title and the categories it is in, but not the titles of the pages and the subcategories it contains. * [[:sh:|Serbocroatian]], [[:tg:|Tajik]], [[:tly:|Talysh]] and [[:zgh:|Amazigh]] have PHP-based converters with two only options (for example: Latinica/Ћирилица). As I've understood, these converters are unidirectional, so that all pages must be written in the same script. For the rest, they work the same as Serbian. * The Chinese ones (zh, wuu, gan, zh-yue) seem to work like either Serbian or Serbocroatian, but since I can't read Chinese, I haven't taken any closer look at them. * [[:tt:|Tatar]] and [[:cv:|Chuvash]] have one or sometimes two buttons next to the page name. Everything is transliterated, even the menu on the left. Appears to run on JavaScript. * [[:ban:|Balinese]] has no less than five variations, but I can't quite figure out how it works. It seems like it shows some transliteration version by default, but I'm not sure about that. * [[:mni:|Meitei]] offers transliteration into Bengali script, but that works only for the categories underneath a page and the first letters on category pages. * [[:cu:|Church Slavonic]]: every page has three links for three different script variants (including Glagolitic), but they don't seem to work anymore. [[:ang:|Anglo-Saxon]] has a similar thing that actually works. * Another five projects (ug, bug, hak, bbc, gom) have multiple scripts but instead of a converter they sometimes contain multiple versions of the same article, for example [[:bug:Balanda]]. We have done that too in the beginning, but it's way too high-maintenance to be workable. I've been told that JavaScript is considered a bad idea, because it doesn't work properly in Wikipedia apps for cell phones. This means that we need to use the PHP solution, and since we need the converter to be bidirectional, our only option is the solution used for Serbian. This does, however, have a few disadvantages: # It transliterates page titles, which is not always what we want. This shouldn't be problematic though, since the page title can be manipulated with a template, for example here: [[:sr:З (слово ћирилице)]] # However, it also transliterates the names of categories, which means that Latin and Cyrillic articles are all tossed into the same category. Articles names are listed there untransliterated. This is problematic, because we must consider that not every Latin-writing person can read Cyrillic, and not every Cyrillic-writing person can read the Latin alphabet. # Even if a category full of articles written in the Latin alphabet is transliterated into Cyrillic, it does not only show them in the Latin alphabet, but also in the alphabetical order of the Latin alphabet. # A user who prefers one of the two alphabets has to change it manually for each and every page. So here's my own preferred solution, if possible: # It can work exactly like the converter on Serbian Wikipedia does, except for one thing: it should NOT transliterate category names. # Instead, we have parallel categories for Latin and Cyrillic. Every article written in the Latin alphabet is placed in Latin categories and has a redirect in Cyrillic, which is placed in the Cyrillic counterparts of these categories. Articles with titles that cannot be transliterated, like [[Microsoft]] or [[Ж]], can be placed in both categories. This is, basically, the current situation. It has the advantage that every article can be found by navigating though the categories, and that they are placed in the correct alphabetical order (which for Cyrillic is different from the Latin order). # I am aware of the fact that this solution is not perfect: a Cyrillic user who follows a Cyrillic redirect will still end up with a Latin article in Latin categories, even if he switches to Cyrillic. This cannot be helped, I'm afraid. UNLESS it would be technically possible that the categories under a Latin article link to Latin categories, and the categories under a Cyrillic article to their Cyrillic equivalents. Would such a thing be possible? # It is not a matter of life or death, but it would be nice if a user's preferred orthography could be stored in a cookie, so that he/she won't have to change the orthography manually every time. This would be a nice-to-have. There are a few other issues, too, but I'll get back to that later. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:57, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan! This is a very insightful and nuanced reply. The issue of not having a default script on multi-scipt Wikimedia projects affects editors more so than readers. As of 2026, multi-script editing is, unfortunately, nothing more than a seldom mentioned concept ([https://diff.wikimedia.org/2018/03/12/supporting-languages-multiple-writing-systems/ Diff 2018 community blog article]; [[:c:File:Editing challenges on multi-script wikis (with speaker notes).pdf|Wikimania 2017 presentation]]). Some editors are less proficient or efficient with one of the scripts, and many do not know one or the other at all, and will therefore be uncomfortable editing articles in the said script. Until multi-script editing becomes a reality, having a default script is an option to be considered; whether it is a sensible sacrifice—to the benefit of one group (a majority) and detriment of the other (a minority)—is subjective, but alas. The other thing which concerns designation of a default script are fallback choices: <code>isv</code> should ''probably'' have a fallback sequence to one of the scripts, which ''could'' solve the issue of the system not recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv isv]</code> while recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Latn isv-Latn]</code> and <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Cyrl isv-Cyrl]</code>. In other words, we ought to support <code>isv</code>, but it makes no sense to translate it separately from <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code>, unless we intend to have an unwieldy and hideous solution to not favoring one or the other – by including them both in every localized interface, namespace, or message element. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 10:07, 10 January 2026 (UTC) ::Well, I think we shouldn't be over-zealous, but on the other hand, it's been almost twenty years now since I got involved with this language, and I can assure you that the alphabet issue has been a thing almost since day one. Every possible option between Latin-only and Cyrillic-only has its ardent supporters, and even though the Latin alphabet is used more often for Interslavic than Cyrillic, it remains a fact that about 3/4 of all Slavic people use Cyrillic. So treating one of them as merely a transliterated version of the other is out of the question. But it is also true that the average Pole, Czech or Slovene cannot read Cyrillic, whereas most Russians, Ukrainians and Bulgarians know the Latin alphabet at least to some degree, which gives the Latin alphabet a slight advantage nonetheless. It's not entirely clear to me what you mean by "fallback option", but if it means that <code>isv</code> is interpreted as "<code>isv-Latn</code> unless specified otherwise", I'd be perfectly fine with that.<br />Of course, there will always be imperfections. For a person who only knows the Latin alphabet it will be difficult to correct a typo in the Cyrillic text, or even to expand it with Latin text. For now, I think we should stick to the principle that a page written in Cyrillic stays in Cyrillic, and ''tant pis'' if you can't handle Cyrillic. But honestly, I don't think that's much of a problem at the moment. Most Interslavic users can understand both alphabets, and I'm sure the problem of multi-script editing will solve itself at some point.<br />For the record, transliteration between Latin and Cyrillic is pretty straightforward. The only inconsistency is the '''њ/нј''' issue found also in Serbian, but that's a minor thing that can easily be solved. That still leaves us with a few issues addressed [[:meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Interslavic#Writing system related issues|here]] by @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]]. More specifically, s/he mentions the possibility of using not only the ex-Yugoslavia method for displaying Cyrillic, but also the Russian method (''лю'' instead of ''љу''). If I understand correctly that the source code looks like [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Editing_challenges_on_multi-script_wikis_%28with_speaker_notes%29.pdf#page=29 this], such a thing could easily be implemented. The question is: do we want that? And another thing is that some users persistently use the etymological orthography (''mųž'', ''krålj'', etc.). If the converter can be programmed in such way that <code>'ų' => 'у'</code> and <code>'у' => 'u'</code>, then that would be a nice thing to have as well. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:40, 10 January 2026 (UTC) == Транслитерација со Јапонского == Поздрав! Какобы толико в източнословјанскых йезыках хирагану し / катакану シ транслитерујут како си/si. В вечинству језыков (вкључајучи словјански) пишут ши/shi/ši. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], може измєнити то [[Kacusika Hokusaj|сде]] на "Kacušika Hokusaj" або на "Kacušika Hokusai"? Како мыслите? --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 20:09, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Pozdrav, Murade, nazva ''Kacusika Hokusaj'' byla uže raněje v spisu potrěbnyh člankov, zato ja jesm to ostavil. Možno jest izdělati re-direkt na na ''Katsušika Hokusaj'' i to bude izobražati se na stranice. Tutčas, obratno, ja jesm prědělal vse japonske slova v članku na "''si''", "''dzju''", "''dzjo''" vměsto "''ši''", "''džu''", "''džo''" (Hepburnovo romaji ''shi'', ''ju'', ''jo''), i t.d. da by vsečto bylo v jednom standardu, ili možem to vratiti i ostaviti, kako bylo, s koristanjem jedino romaji transkripcije bez jej prěvoda do kirilicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:55, 12 January 2026 (UTC) Po mojemu mněnju to ne jest dobry pomysl. Nakoliko ja znaju, toj spisok potrěbnyh člankov sdělal Lev, a on vse bazoval na russkoj transkripciji. Problem jest v tom, že ta transkripcija jest osnovana na principu, že v russkom suglasky prěd '''и''' i '''е''' sut avtomatično palatalizovane. Izgovor '''シ''' i '''チ''' zaisto zvuči bolje kako poljske {{-|'''ś'''}} i {{-|'''ć'''}} neželi kako russke '''ш''' i '''ч''', ale v medžuslovjanskom to ne rabotaje tako. Sdělal jesm tabelku s někojimi problematičnymi znakami i uvidite, že daže ukrajinsky i srbsky koristajut '''ш''' i '''ч'''. Pozrite tu (poslědnji stolp jest moje prědloženje za medžuslovjansky): {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" style="text-align:center;" ! jap. !! ang. !! čes. !! rus. !! ukr. !! srb. !! isv |- | サ || sa || sa || са || са || са || sa / са |- | シ || shi || ši || си || ші || ши || ši / ши |- | シャ || sha || ša || ся || шя || ша || ša / ша |- | タ || ta || ta || та || та || та || ta / та |- | チ || chi || či || ти || чі || чи/ћи || či / чи |- | ツ || tsu || cu || цу || цу || цу || cu / цу |- | チャ || cha || ča || тя || чя || ча/ћа || ča / ча |- | ニャ || nya || nja || ня || ня || ња || nja / ња |- | ワ || wa || wa || ва || ва || ва/уа || wa / ва |- | ザ || za || za || дза || дза || за || za / за |- | ジ || ji || dži || дзи || джі || ђи || dži / джи |- | ジャ || ja || dža || дзя || джя || ђа || dža / джа |- | ダ || da || da || да || да || да || da / да |- | ヂ || ji || (dži) || (дзи) || (джі) || ђи || dži / джи |- | ヅ || zu || (zu) || (дзу) || (дзу) || зу || zu / зу |- | ヂャ || ja || (dža) || (дзя) || (джя) || (ђа) || dža / джа |- ! colspan="7" | razširjena katakana |- | ス || su || su || су || су || су || su / су |- | スィ || si || (si) || сы || (сі) || (си) || si / си |- | テ || te || te || тэ || те || те || te / те |- | ティ || ti || (ti) || ти (ты) || ті || ти || ti / ти |} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) : Одлично табло! Але по мојему мнєнју ако измєнити za / за на dza / дза (и zu / зу на dzu / дзу) тогды је было бы фонетично идеално (не по Поливанову и не по Хепберну оногдашње). --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 18:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, jesm tako(d)že suglasny [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:05, 12 January 2026 (UTC) == Remaining issues == Dear all, since it probably won't be long now before our Interslavic Wikipedia will finally be approved, there are still a few issues to be resolved. {{Ping|Ilja isv|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} Your attention please! === Transliteration === First of all, there's the issue of transliteration, see above under [[Incubator:Krčma#Prědustavjeno pismo]]. The system used by the Serbian Wikipedia has the advantage that we can have the same article both in Latin and Cyrillic without having to resort to back-transliterations. In other words, we won't be forced to write "Džorž Buš" instead of "George Bush" in the Latin alphabet to avoid Cyrillic transliterations like "Георге Бусх". At present, transliteration is taken care of with JavaScript in [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.js MediaWiki:Common.js]. When we move to the system used by the Serbian Wikipedia (which IMO is the only sensible solution, see above), the same transliteration rules should be transferred to whatever system they use there, preferably with a few additions: '''bidirectional:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" | a || b || c || č || d || e || ě || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || lj{{FN|*)}} || m || n || nj{{FN|*)}} || o || p || r || s || š || t || u || v || y || z || ž || ä || ö || ü |- | а || б || ц || ч || д || е || є || ф || г || х || и || ј || к || л || љ || м || н || њ || о || п || р || с || ш || т || у || в || ы || з || ж || ӓ || ӧ || ӱ |} '''unidirectional Lat &rarr; Cyr:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | á || å || a || ć || ď || đ || ė || è || é || ę || í || ľ || ĺ || ł || ń || ň || ȯ || ò || ó || qu || ŕ || ř || ś || ť || ú ||ų || ů || w || x || ý || ź || ż |- ! to | а || а || а || ч || д || дж || е || е || е || e || и || л || л || л || н || н || о || о || о || kv || р || р || с || т || у || у || у || в || кс || ы || з || ж |} '''unidirectional Cyr &rarr; Lat:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | ґ || ѓ || ђ || ѣ || ё || ѕ || і || ї || й || ќ || ћ || ў || џ || щ || ъ || ь || э || ю || я |- ! to | g || dž || dž || ě || jo || dz || i || ji || j || č || č || v || dž || šč || — || — || e || ju || ja |} {{FNBox|Note: {{FNZ|*)|I don't know if there is a way to distinguish between Љ (LJ) and Љ (Lj), but since fully capitalized text is rare, I guess Љ &rarr; Lj and Њ &rarr; Nj will do.}} }} === Alphabetical order === Another thing is the alphabetical ordering of articles in, for example, categories. The current situation is that Cyrillic letters absent in Russian – like Є, Њ and Ј – come before А. It is necessary that the right alphabetical order is followed, which preferably should also include letters not used in Interslavic but used in other Slavic languages, as they may appear in categories as well: '''Latin:'''<br /> <big>'''a''' á ä ą å '''b c''' ć '''č d''' ď '''e''' é è ė ę '''ě f g h i''' í '''j k l''' ł ľ ĺ '''lj m n''' ń ň '''nj o''' ò ó ȯ '''p''' q '''r''' ŕ ř '''s''' ś '''š t''' ť '''u''' ú ů ų '''v''' w x '''y''' ý '''z''' ź '''ž''' ż</big> '''Cyrillic:'''<br /> <big>'''а б в г''' ґ '''д''' ђ ѓ '''е''' ё '''є''' ѣ '''ж з''' ѕ '''и''' й і ї '''ј к л љ м н њ о п р с т''' ћ ќ '''у''' ў '''ф х ц ч''' џ '''ш''' щ '''ы''' э ю я</big> === Dates === * The standard format for dates is: <code>dd.mm.yyyy</code> * In dates, month names should always be in the genitive case. Although these genitives are defined on translatewiki.net, that doesn't seem to work in the Recent changes, Watchlist etc. === Numbers === When a number is followed by a noun, the corresponding case differs: * 1: nominative singular (1 dom) * 2–4: nominative plural (2 domy) * 0 and 5–19: genitive plural (5 domov) * all higher numbers ending with 1: nominative singular (101 dom) * all higher numbers ending with 2–4: nominative plural (102 domy) * all higher numbers ending with 0 or 5–9: genitive plural (100 domov, 105 domov) === Namespaces === {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! colspan="2" | Namespace || colspan="2" | Talk |- ! English || Interslavic || English || Interslavic |- | (main) || (glavny) || Talk || Besěda |- | User || Koristnik || User talk || Besěda koristnika |- | Wikipedia || Vikipedija || Wikipedia talk || Besěda vikipedije |- | File || Fajl || File talk || Besěda fajla |- | MediaWiki || MediaWiki || MediaWiki || Besěda MediaWiki |- | Template || Šablon || Template talk || Besěda šablona |- | Help || Pomoč || Help talk || Besěda pomoči |- | Category || Kategorija || Category talk || Besěda kategorije |- | Portal || Portal || Portal talk || Besěda portala |- | Module || Modul || Module talk || Besěda modula |- | Gadget || Gadžet || Gadget talk || Besěda gadžeta |} I hope I haven't forgotten anything! === The code ISV === * In interwiki links, the language should appear as: <code>Medžuslovjansky / меджусловјанскы</code> * The English name of the language is "Interslavic". * There still appear to be issues with the language code <code>isv</code>. In Babel boxes, for example, <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> work, but <code>isv</code> does not. * I guess using <code>isv</code> shoud have a fallback sequence to <code>isv-Latn</code>, as [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] suggested. === Transliteration once more === ''Theoretically'' it will be possible to add unidirectional solutions to additional writing systems, like Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. Personally, I am not in favour of such a solution though. That's pretty much all I can think of. Comments? Suggestions? Opinions? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:51, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Finally! That is some great news. :All the points touched here make sense to me. :I am also against additional transliteration to either Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. It would add more confusion IMO. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:07, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :jesm popravil tabelu Namespaces [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:09, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::O, hvala za popravku, to je byla moja glupost! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:39, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi Jan, :Many thanks for this communication. :My idea of selective automatic both-way transliteration is as follows.<br />Now we have a template to block transliteration for a piece of text :<pre>{{-|text not to be transliterated}}</pre> :all it does only adding HTML tag :<pre>&lt;span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"&gt;text not to be transliterated&lt;/span&gt;</pre> :that is analized by transliteration gadget that ignores the text between tag borders. This tag can be also used "manually" when use of template is not possible due to wikitext syntax (e.g. text of hyperlink etc.), so we have more or less two tools to control transliteration now. :I would propose to add one more template for selective transliteration, for example :<pre>{{LatCyr|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan Fransua|1}}</pre> :where:<br/> :''Jean-François'' - (obligatory parameter) text in original language in Latin script (name)<br/> :''Жан-Франсуа'' - (obligatory parameter) text in cyrillic (phonetical transliteration)<br/> :''Žan Fransua'' - (optional) phonetic latin<br/> :''1'' - (optional) when this is present, the name appears first time on the article and it could be displayed with phonetic latin in parentheses (could be useful when uncommon languages for the reader are used). :This template could work same way adding HTML class tags (these need to be created for original latin, cyrillic and phonetic latin). The translit script could be modified so it sees the tags and modifies text as per current isv graphic selection setting. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Examples |- ! Parameters !! lat/cyr !! Renders as |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа (Jean-François) |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || lat || Jean-François (Žan-Fransua) |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |lat |Jean-François |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |cyr |Жан-Франсуа |- |<nowiki>Györ|Дьёр|Ďjor|1</nowiki> |lat |Györ (Ďjor) |} :Would this proposal be of interest? :It would still require somepone to program the gadget and admin rights to place it on the wiki section. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:21, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Yes, this certainly makes sense. The language converter can easily be embedded in the current <tt><nowiki>{{-|...}}</nowiki></tt> template. Normally the language converter would expect something like:<br /><tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl:Жан-Франсуа }-</nowiki></tt>.<br />The remaining two fields can easily be handled in the template itself, I think. But on the other hand, the same functionality can also be achieved simply by using the same template twice: <tt><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}} {{-|(izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|(fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki></tt> If that's the case, then parameters 3 and 4 wouldn't even be necessary. One thing I'm not entirely sure about myself, is what happens when you open a page ''before'' picking an orthography. At that moment the system doesn't know whether the page is in Latin or in Cyrillic orthography. I *think* this is done by adding a third parameter: <tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl: Жан-Франсуа; isv: Jean-François }-</nowiki></tt> Anyway, the advantage of all this is that we won't immediately have to change all pages where it is used. In many cases the template is used for expressions that shouldn't be transliterated at all, like "{{-|Microsoft}}". Those cases won't be affected by the change at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 11:01, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan, yes, this could be the way to go. Still need some time to understand better the way the gadget works but would like to start trying soonest. Cheers, [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:53, 12 February 2026 (UTC) === Script === {{-|''(added a header for clarity)''}} :So, today is a great day as I tried first time the vibe-codng with Google AI mode to modify transliteration script. :My proposal is to use 3 classes that will be added by template (or manually) to mark 3 options of text. :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Latn">Jean-François</span></pre> :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Cyrl">Жан-Франсуа</span></pre> :<pre><span class="alphabet-isv">Žan-Fransua</span></pre> :Depending on user alphabet setting, only one of the three will be displayed.<br/> :Herewith the code that needs to be added to the script, in the very beginning, after description remark (starting line 9). :<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript" line="1" start="9"> /** This part is added by [[Koristnik:Ilja_isv]], vibe-coded with Google AI /** Sorry code is removed since it did not work in the end </syntaxhighlight> :@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], may I ask you to add this code to Common.js so we could test? It takes admin rights to modify the javascript. I can send the complete modified script file if this is easier, I have a backup of original Common.js for the case of failure and the tags for testing entered in the sandbox. Thanking you in advance for help, hope it will work. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::Unfortunately, being a test admin I do not have the rights to edit Common.js (I actually tried a while back, to no avail). Perhaps [[Koristnik:Iohanen]] can be of help here? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you Jan, will contact. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:19, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Jan, one more idea: we can also test changes at old Miraheze space, the gadget script is identical. Do you have admin rights there or do you know the admin? I do not even have a login. The script file there is called Gadget-alphabet.js: :::https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-alphabet.js :::Just someone will also need to make a test page with tags to see how it works. :::Many thanks. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Yes, I can modify the alphabet gadget on Miraheze. What exactly do you want me to do? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:21, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Hvala Jane, myslím, zajutra večer budu odpovědati, prěd tym uže ne budu iměti čas. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::I had a reply from Iohanen, hvala za kontakt, it is: ::::::https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Iohanen?markasread=2792850&markasreadwiki=incubatorwiki#c-Iohanen-20260224173800-Ilja_isv-20260224114000 ::::::Will follow up in 1-2 days [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 05:35, 25 February 2026 (UTC) :::::No need to do anything, thanks to Iohanen, we have now a workable and tested script. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:38, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :::I have modified the '''- '''template, it can have 2 parameters now. If there is only one parameter, this text will be excluded from transliteration. If there is a second parameter present, first parameter is considered Latin, second is considered Cyrilic. When we install updated gadget script, either one or the other will be displayed, depending on language setting. Default is Latin (if Lat./Cyr is a choice or no choice made yet). {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <pre>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</pre>|| <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> || <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</pre> || <pre>Jean-François</pre> || <pre>Жан-Франсуа</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</pre> || <pre>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</pre> || <pre>Джо Байден</pre> |} :::As we already have a perfectly working script (great thanks to [[Koristnik:Iohanen]]), I will ask administrators to install it and we have the problem solved. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:45, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:51, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi All, ::::Good news: the script and new templates are implemented and work. I will publish a tutorial shortest possible. Congratulations to all participants 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:27, 28 February 2026 (UTC) ::::<s>Bad news: does not work in the mobile version, both Cyrillic and Latin are displayed, which was not like that during tests.</s> <s>Next point to address.</s> Done, all works now. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:29, 28 February 2026 (UTC) === Approval === {{-|''(moving this to a separate section to avoid cluttering)''}} Where did you get the information that Wp/isv is about to be approved? On the discussion page, the Language Committee members are ignoring it again, but as soon as someone posted about another project, it immediately received a response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-98653-7|&#126;2026-98653-7]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-98653-7|talk]]) 21:08, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :I've been discussing the issue of the script converter with a member of the Language Committee, that's way. I know they could have approved our project already a year ago, but there's not much point in mulling over that now. I suggest we simply keep working on this wiki, approval will come by itself. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:37, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :: What kind of stories are you telling us? How many times has this happened? People are wasting their precious time on this instead of something more useful. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10102-52|&#126;2026-10102-52]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10102-52|talk]]) 13:57, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::LOL, login under your real name. Why are you even here? :::If you're feeling that you are wasting your time here, you know where the door is, right? I strongly encourage you to go and do something more useful. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 14:03, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Can't say I disagree. Negativity won't get us anywhere, that's for sure. Ultimately, we'll get there, and all the work we are doing here will soon end up in a real Interslavic wikipedia anyway, so it's definitely not a waste of time. And, if I may say so, complaining is a much bigger waste of time than actually contributing. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:45, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::: Look. It's a dead project; it only has four active users. Part of that is your fault, after all, you kept telling everyone the project was about to be approved (but it never happened). And I'll disappoint you a little: activity usually declines after a domain is created. I'd advise everyone to be more accepting of criticism. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10115-37|&#126;2026-10115-37]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10115-37|talk]]) 17:58, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Listen, brave man. If you want anyone to take your “criticism” even remotely seriously, you need to log in so we can see what your stake is and what you’ve actually contributed. Until then, you’ll simply come across as a troll or a saboteur. ::::::When we need your advice, we’ll ask for it. For now, you can tone it down and keep your advice to yourself. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:52, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::: Wikimedia has a [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal%20Code%20of%20Conduct universal code of conduct]. I recommend you read it. I've been following this project for several years, sometimes making anonymous edits. And I have the right not to register as long as Wikimedia Foundation projects allow this option. Your requests are rejected. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10259-25|&#126;2026-10259-25]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10259-25|talk]]) 20:07, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Too many recommendations for anonymous "editor", buddy. You're dismissed and free to go. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 21:36, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::All emotions aside, I don’t really understand your frustration about the situation or your negativity toward Jan. I’m pretty sure Jan was simply passing on to the community what he himself had been told. ::::::::I don’t think anyone involved in this project expects it to suddenly become hugely popular. For me, it’s about steady work and gradually onboarding new learners of Interslavic. ::::::::Personally, everything I write here — and everything I do in life — I do primarily for myself. I don’t expect large audiences or dramatic results. If you feel like you’ve wasted your time because you were expecting something bigger, maybe the issue isn’t the project itself but the expectations attached to it. ::::::::If exposure and visibility are what you’re looking for, there are platforms built exactly for that. Like TikTok for example. But this project has always been about consistent effort and long-term development, not instant recognition. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:31, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::And if you truly have such deep knowledge of the future and already know how everything is going to turn out, maybe you should try day trading. With that kind of foresight, you’d probably make millions — and then all the time you think you “wasted” on our small project would fade away like a bad dream. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:34, 15 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::That's right. Perhaps I've been premature with my assumptions, but they were not entirely without reason. First of all, we already met all the necessary requirements by October 2024 (five editors contributing regularly during a period of a few months + translated interface), and secondly, in January 2025 a member of the Language Committee confirmed that the project was ready for approval. Honestly, I have no idea why that still hasn't happened, and believe me, nobody feels more frustrated about this sluggishness than me. At first, I thought it was because of the label "constructed language", but given the fact that a wikipedia in Toki Pona was approved – even though it it's not even an auxiliary language and even though it wasn't even in the Incubator – that's can't really be the reason. And yes, of course I am disappointed that some active contributors haven't shown up for a long time. Neither do I understand why [[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] requested Interslavic Wikipedia on Meta and started this wiki on the Incubator, since he never contributed anything of substance afterwards. Still, no matter what, the best we can do is simply carry on. Showing that we *can* do it is precisely what the Incubator is meant for. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:01, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::And anonymous, you call this a dead project, but at the same time you noted yourself that other projects with less users and less content are being approved, so apparently it's not *that* dead after all. You say that we should be more accepting of criticism, but the point of criticism is to improve something, not to frustrate it. If you have ideas about how to improve this project, we are all ears, and if you care about this project, you are more than welcome to contribute. But if you don't, then I don't quite understand why you bother making these comments at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:03, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: I don't remember saying this, but I would have said the same thing. You need to clearly define your goal and determine whether it's achievable. If not, then move on to other goals. Here, it's like knocking on a closed gate. Sometimes they say something or wink, but the gate remains closed. I have ideas, but first you need to stop knocking on closed gates. It's really sad. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10286-28|&#126;2026-10286-28]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10286-28|talk]]) 11:38, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::I don't think it's like knocking on a closed gate. Look what happened with our ISO code. Our first two requests were rejected for stupid reasons and the third request took almost five years to be validated: first because they simply forgot about it, and then because it was stalled because they were reformulating their policies. It seems like they didn't quite know what do to with Interslavic, for example, whether they should qualify it as natural or a constructed language. So yes, I am kind of having a ''déjà-vu'' here. And again, I don't why it is taking them so long. The language itself shouldn't be the problem anymore, since its eligibility was established already in October 2024. My best guess is simply that the majority of the LangCom members are barely active, and that the remaining members are hesitant because of the extra work that needs to be done with regard to script conversion and the like. But ultimately ''upornost se izplati''. And anyway, it's not like we have an alternative here. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:37, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: There are alternatives. In fact, with the development of AI, Wikipedia's role is gradually diminishing. Just look at the statistics: activity is declining in many editions (for example, in Russian, but the situation is no better in other Slavic editions). The situation is only good in languages ​​with a large number of native speakers (English, Spanish, French). This project will ultimately be edited by a relatively small group of enthusiasts. If the project is for enthusiasts, work can be done anywhere (on other wiki projects, etc.) whithout frustration. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 14:26, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::The relationship between Wikipedia and AI is a problem in itself, but there's not much point in speculation about the future. Besides, following your logic, we might as well close all Wikipedias except the English one. You are right about one thing: if the Interslavic Wikipedia were purely intended for enthusiasts of Interslavic, Miraheze or whatever other wikifarm might do. But that's not the point. This wiki should serve as an additional source of information for Slavic speakers. The reason we need a separate Wikipedia project is that people can find it, for example via interwiki links. As long as it is stored here or in some wikifarm, nobody will be able to find it. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:05, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::: This isn't quite the correct continuation of my logic: sections don't need to be closed, but activity will gradually decline. They will remain as encyclopedias, but will be preserved (AI will take information from there for itself). As for whether people will be able to find this project through interwiki, that's doubtful; interwiki is badly presented in the current Wikipedia skin. It's easy to search there if you know exactly which language you need. But it's possible that some people will still find this project through interwiki. As a source of information, people prefer to read in their native language. What you said could have been expected 10-20 years ago. If they can't find information in their language, they'll translate it from the language in which it exists (most likely, English). The quality of translation in online translators is much better now. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 09:09, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::Good news. A thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia" has appeared on the Langcom Mailing List. I hope we get a positive response soon. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-17126-63|&#126;2026-17126-63]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-17126-63|talk]]) 20:12, 18 March 2026 (UTC) :::I'm really starting to get the impression that langcom is deliberately ignoring wp/isv. Jon Harald Søby created a thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia," but it received no response, either positive or negative. However, another thread appeared there and received an almost immediate response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18779-70|&#126;2026-18779-70]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18779-70|talk]]) 11:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::: That's true. But in reality, there are plenty of such threads. Someone wants approval, no one responds, or no one responds positively, and approval is delayed. Don't count on approval soon; it will be several years away. I especially don't recommend relying on the nearly dead Langcom.--[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18633-18|&#126;2026-18633-18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18633-18|talk]]) 11:30, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Years? Is it really that bad? What's the point of writing anything here if there will never be approval? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18861-96|&#126;2026-18861-96]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18861-96|talk]]) 13:56, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::: Honestly, I don't know why they're doing this. It's been clear many times that Langcom doesn't want to approve this project and will delay approval as long as possible. Sooner or later, this leads to burnout (maybe Langcom is counting on it). Note that Langcom hasn't offered any apologies or justifications, as if this is a normal situation. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18833-94|&#126;2026-18833-94]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18833-94|talk]]) 15:57, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ura! Sračky 😂 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 21:35, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Very good news! Other members of the language committee have responded, and it's safe to say that Interslavic Wikipedia is practically approved. All that's left is to leave a notification about the proposal being approved, and now all that's left is to create isv.wikipedia.org. Finally, it's isv's turn. Thank you for continuing to create articles and staying active. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31741-38|&#126;2026-31741-38]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-31741-38|talk]]) 03:13, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == Wiktionary == ''(moving this to a separate item to avoid cluttering)'' When we receive approval, will it automatically give us the option to create a Wiktionary for Interslavic, or do we need to apply for that separately? I already have some ideas and plans for it. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 15:45, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Setting up a separate Wiktionary would require a separate application process on [[m:Requests for new languages|Meta]]. Approval will probably come easier if Interslavic already has its own Wikipedia, though. Theoretically, you could also start creating a Wiktionary in the Incubator, here: [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/isv Wt/isv]. Yet I am wondering: what would be the point of a Wiktionary for Interslavic? We already have our multilingual dictionary at https://interslavic-dictionary.com/, and there's the same dictionary at http://steen.free.fr/interslavic/dynamic_dictionary.html. Keeping those two in line with each other is already quite a lot of work. Wouldn't it be better to keep all our eggs in one basket, instead of having even more dictionaries around? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:42, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::Well, in reality, I'm just experimenting. ::In theory, there is an automated or at least semi-automated way to add articles to Wiktionary straight from the dictionary database, so the labor part should not be that difficult. ::What I did is I've created a fork of the dictionary that is using the same database and did slight improvements to it's UI, so now you can compare multiple words at the same screen and you can also look up the Wiktionary article straight from the interface, just by pressing the hyperlink. Creating Interslavic Wiktionary obviously would allow me to add the links to Interslavic Wiktionary. ::Wiktionary by definition is something that anyone can edit, so: ::# People would add new words more easily (Yes, there is a problem with verifying if those words are good or not, but in general it would give more power to the community vs. now, when suggesting something to Interslavic dictionary seems more like a bureaucratic process rather than a community contribution). ::# People could modify articles about the words in Interslavic and add contexts, translations to their natural languages, usage examples, etc. (Think of https://context.reverso.net/) ::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:04, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::I've also revived the Slovnik Bot in Telegram and modified it a little bit, so it's also showing links to Wiktionary articles in corresponding languages. :::In theory, if people will add the use cases in Interslavic, this bot would be able to spit it out to users in Telegram. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::The slovnik fork is available here :::https://interslavic.forum/slovnik/ :::I'm still working on it, but it's pretty much done for now. :::It allows you to compare up to 4 words on the same screen and look up the Wiktionary articles for corresponding language. :::This is just something I'm constantly using in writing texts. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:10, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::In general, I'm just trying to integrate the existing infrastructure of Interslavic with what Wikipedia offers. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Well, I can certainly see the potential advantages of a Wiktionary. It could, for example, help in translating the dictionary into other languages. The thing is only that the official Interslavic dictionary is being worked on by a whole team of people. Errors are being corrected, new words are being added, and sometimes existing words are being replaced or simply kicked out. The problem with forked dictionaries is that sooner or later they will be obsolete. Besides, we can't have people adding stuff that hasn't been properly researched. That's why I am a bit hesitant here. But if you really want to try it, I cannot stop you, of course. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:50, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :This is a UI fork, mostly visual difference and additional features. It's connected to the same google document just as official dictionary. The only difference for now is that I've fixed individual declensions for some words (jejin, obědvě) (also I've committed the changes to official dictionary, it's just a matter for someone to approve the changes). :I'm not trying to create my own dictionary, but I'd like the work to go faster and I'd like to have a more participatory mechanism for the community. :Wiktionary would be a part of this mechanism. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:28, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Okay, we can of course give it a try. And like I said, I can surely see quite a few advantages of the idea. My only concern is, who is going to manage all this? Starting it in the Incubator is possible for sure, but if it's going to be a one-man show, it will probably stay there forever. Personally, I'd much rather we concentrate on Wikipedia now, which is already more than enough work. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:07, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::I'll try to see how far I can go with it. If I fail, I fail, no biggie. I promise I will keep writing here on Wiki :) [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:16, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I also do see potential in empowering people. When we know that our voice matters and we can affect something, it is in itself a very inspiring thing. I may be too naive and idealistic tho. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:21, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::[[Wt/isv/Main Page]] :::I've created the Main Page and in process of importing the words from the dictionary. :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], I was thinking translating some of your materials from English to Interslavic on word formation, voting machine, etc to create Help page, can I have your permission? :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] @[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] @[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] @[[Koristnik:Danvintius Bookix|Danvintius Bookix]] @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]] @[[Koristnik:Medžuslovjanin|Medžuslovjanin]] @[[Koristnik:Ferpaks|Ferpaks]] @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] @[[Koristnik:Aula Orion|Aula Orion]] @[[Koristnik:Panslav|Panslav]] @[[Koristnik:Orbitminis|Orbitminis]] @[[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] @[[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] @[[Koristnik:Plameniled|Plameniled]] @[[Koristnik:Miłosz Czaniecki|Miłosz Czaniecki]] @[[Koristnik:Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров]] @[[Koristnik:Qiorly|Qiorly]] @[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] @[[Koristnik:SzymonV|SzymonV]] @[[Koristnik:Asank neo|Asank neo]] @[[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] @[[Koristnik:Machine of goodness|Machine of goodness]] @[[Koristnik:Snovid|Snovid]] :::If anyone has any suggestions, I'd love to hear it. :::So far my plan is the followinɡː :::[[Wt/isv/Vikislovnik:Propozicija měseca#Dorabotati Vikislovnik]] [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 01:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi GlěbDyndar, I can see the Wiktionary already on the incubator, and found a nice side-effect for Wikipedia incubator: when editing in Visual mode, selecting a noun in Nominative or a verb in infinitive, and pressing Ctrl-K (to insert hyperlink) it also shows possible links to the Wiktonary, so this option could be used for spell checking 😎 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 13:40, 19 March 2026 (UTC) :::::That would be awesome! Having something to check spelling against is beneficial for the wiki. Yes, there is an official Interslavic Dictionary available, but it's not really built into Wikipedia, it would be really interesting to see it imported into the Wiktionary in its full extent and interconnected with the Wikipedia for spellcheck. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|contribs]]) 14:19, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: First of all, it's not that it takes up a lot of memory. Wiki projects use templates. A volunteer user who might want to edit Wiktionary doesn't need to know HTML and CSS. Learn to create templates first. The original wiki code, consisting almost entirely of HTML and CSS, is what we had in the past. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 16:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Да говно эти шаблоны, в эпоху ИИ от них толку мало, ебешься три года ради того, что ИИ напишет за секунду. А потом если нужно какую строчку добавить или убавить в карточке, снова нужно лезть в этот шаблон и выяснять что там к чему. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::все новое - это хорошо забытое старое) :::::::::Шаблоны были сделаны, чтоб облегчить жизнь тем, кто не может кодить. Сейчас кодить может каждый, соответственно шаблоны летят мимо. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:10, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: Whether it's good or bad, that's the way things are done in Wikimedia projects. So, don't blame anyone else. You can easily create your own beautiful wiki project without templates in the AI ​​era. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 10:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Да не переживай ты так, учитель) Разберусь, что мне делать. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 16:24, 15 May 2026 (UTC) == Sravniti vs. sravnjati vs. sravnivati == slovnik ima 'sravnjati' kak imperfect, ale iz mojego pogleda, bylo by razumněje pisati "sravnivati", ibo priblizno vse jezyky imajut dodatny slog v tutom slovu v imperfektu "sravnjati" za mene imaje smysl "uravnjati", "sdělati jednakovym", na angl. ''to level'' čto myslite? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Nu znaješ, "sravnjati" prosto jest regularno stvorjena nesovršena forma sovršenogo glagola "sravniti". V dolgoj historiji medžuslovjanskogo jezyka vsegda jesmo usilovali, že jezyk jest kako možno regularny. Zato ''-ati > -yvati'', a ''-iti > -jati''. Očevidno, byli by takože druge možnosti, napr. ''-ati > -avati'' iili ''-iti > -ivati''. Ale my jesmo izbrali te formy, ktore sut najbolje razprostranjene po slovjanskyh jezykah. Poněkogda te druge formy na indivualnoj osnově daže mogut byti lěpše, ale ne hočemo vvesti v jezyk veče neregularnostij, neželi sut potrěbne. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:01, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, Jane, ja dobro razuměm i pametam vaše pojasnjenje o logikě impf.-pf. glagolov v MS, ale čto ako li poněkogda stvorjajemo falšivyh prijateljev v ugodu regulardnosti? (rus. сравнять, čes. srovnat, pol. zrównać) ::Dodatno, regularnost v MS v tutom osobnom slučaju (iz moejgo pogleda) ide protiv naturalističnosti, ibo vse naturalne jezyky prědavajut semantiku "to be comparing" inym slovom. ::Russky срав'''ни'''вать, сопоставлять ::Bělorussky параўноўваць, зраў'''ноў'''ваць, супастаўляць ::Ukrajinsky порів'''ню'''вати, зіставляти, зрівнювати ::Poljsky porów'''ny'''wać ::Češsky srov'''ná'''vat, porov'''ná'''vat ::Slovačsky porov'''ná'''vať, zrov'''ná'''vať ::Hrvatsky srav'''nji'''vati, upoređivati ::Srbsky срав'''њи'''вати, упоређавати ::Makedonsky сравнува, споредува ::Bulgarsky срав'''ня'''вам ::"Sravnjati s zemjeju" — "Compare with Earth?" or "Level it to the ground"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:43, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Aha, razuměju. Da da, takom slučaju može lěpje bude ''sravnyvati'' (nesov.) i ''sravnati'' (sov.), a takože ''sravnanje'' zaměsto ''sravnjenje'' «comparison”, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:57, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Moje prědloženje": :::for the verb ''to compare: sravniti / sravnivati,'' ibo to odpovědaje logikě naturalnyh jezykov. :::for the verb ''to even, to level'' we already have ''poravniti'' (curiously, it's not ''por'''o'''vniti'', which would follow the logic you're explaining) :::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:13, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::''sravnjati'' možemo ostaviti, ale jedino v smyslu ''to even, to level'' [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:22, 14 February 2026 (UTC) == Websajt s katalogom i statistikoju == <nowiki>https://medzuslovjansky.onl/</nowiki> jesm stvoril maly websajt s vyše vizualnym kalalogom stranic i statistikoju može byti koristany kak onlajn biblioteka stvoril jego da by može byti takym obrazom uprostiti dostup obyčnyh ljudij do Viki i malost zainteresovati v napisanju člankov prošu, pišite vaši propozicije i myslji [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 17:32, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :myslju oddělno sdělati filtr za kategorij s prověrjenym pravopisom i dobry članok, da by možno bylo legko najdti teksty s dobrym MSom [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:11, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, to bylo by interesno. Myslju, že kategorija s prověrjenym pravopisom ne jest mnogo upotrěbima, ale može [[Incubator:Spisok najdolžejših stranic|tutoj spisok najdolžejših ćlankov]] jest? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::Už sdělal oddělny filtr, koj polazyvaje jedino članky so zvězdoju i s prověrjenym pravopisom. Myslju, to ne byla zla ideja i ja budu probovati dodavati toj šablon, kogda čitaju članky. :::Vo vkladke statistika možno odfiltrovati članky po dolžině, ale može byti sdělati oddělnu jarku vkladku "Najdolžejše članky"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:19, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, myslju, že to jest dobry pomysl. Mimohodom, može mogli byhmo uže dodati do dobryh člankov. Srěd mojih člankov, myslju, že napriklad [[Abhazsky alfabet]], [[Džok (pes)]] i [[Ҕ]] kvalifikujut se, ibo sut mnogo obširnějše, než jihne ekvivalenty na drugyh jezykah. Imajete li prědloženja? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::A nas budut prověrjati na odpovědnost kriterijam dobryh člankov? Ibo imajemo množstvo člankov vyše 10kb, koje libo už sut dost dobre (ale može byti ne sut take dobre, kak jihne analogy v inyh jezykah, ili prinajmenje v něktoryh), ale sut kratše, než v inyh jezykah. :::::I takože imajemo množstvo člankov menše než 10kb, ale koje takože sut mnogo dobre. :::::Večinstvo (ili vse) članky o kiriličnyh bukvah sut dobre na moj pogled, ale ne imajut trěbujemogo razměra. :::::@[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] napisal několiko dobryh člankov, ale on prosil prověriti pravopis za njim i ja byh dodal v jegove članky malost obrazov ili medija materialov, že by jih nemnogo oživiti (imajut prěmnogo teksta bez ničego vizualnogo) :::::@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] takože napisal dostatočno dobryh člankov [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:27, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Da da, jesm suglasny. Teoretično ne imajemo izrazne kriterije, toliko, že dobry članok trěbuje iměti někoju kritičnu masu. Granica 10K bajtov byla ustanovjena libovoljno, kogda na medžuviki iměli jesmo 20 člankov >10K, ale tutčas imajemo jih ok. 140. Dolgy ne avtomatično znači lěpši. Po mojemu mněnju, da by članok kvalifikoval se za uměščenje na glavnoj stranici: ::::::* jest bolje-menje kompletny o obgovarjaje vse aspekty (napr. članok o državě ne jest kompletny, ako nemaje ničego o ekonomikě, prirodě i t.d.). ::::::* imaje pravilny i prověrjeny pravopis ::::::* jest osnovany na prověrjenyh izvorah (znači, ne slěpo kopirovanyh iz drugyh viki) ::::::* ne jest toliko prěvod članka iz drugoj viki ::::::* kako možno, sodrživaje obrazky ::::::* kako možno, jest lěpši od ekvivalentah na drugyh slovjanskyh jezykah ::::::* prědmet ne jest prěmnogo niševy. ::::::Kromě togo, dobro by bylo, ako jest raznorodnost medžu člankami na glavnoj stranici. Tutčas imajemo ok. 20 dobryh člankov. Glupo bylo by, ako srěd njih byli 3 kirilične bukvy, ili 3 ukrajinski politiki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:51, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Dodati linky na spoločnosti v Dicord i TG na glavnoj stranici v menju == Tutčas poglednul i uviděl, že bulgarska vikipedija ima linky do spoločnostij v discord i tg na glavnoj stranici v menju, v lěvoj jegovoj česti. Može byti, my takože budemo dodati? https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:29, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :Ne znaju, imaje li smysl popularizovati toj Diskord, on ne imaje ničto občo s Viki projektom, i Jan tam ne jest. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:16, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Nove možnosti translliteracije - sdělano == Blagodare dobrym ljudam, pomagavšim izměniti skript, pojavili se nove možnosti transliteracije.<br/>Šablon '''-''' dostavaje novu funkciju: <br/>Tuty šablon upravjaje transliteracijeju, izključaje ju za fragment teksta (kogda koristaje se s jednym parametrom), ili pokazyvaje razny tekst za latinicu i kirilicu (variant s dvoma parametrami).<br/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</nowiki></code>|| <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Jean-François</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Жан-Франсуа</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Джо Байден</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu {{-|Roundhay|Раундхеј}}» (1888) {{-|[[Louis Le Prince|{{-|Louis Le Prince'a}}]]|[[Louis Le Prince|Луи ле Пранса ({{-|Louis Le Prince)}}]]}} — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu Roundhay» (1888) Louis Le Prince'a — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Сцена в саду Раундхеј» (1888) Луи ле Пранса (Louis Le Prince) — најраннєјши известны филм в хисторији.</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>V Providence’u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>В Провиденсу</nowiki></code> |} <br /> <s>Čto ješče ne rabotaje: v mobilnoj versiji bude vsegda pokazyvati i latiničny i kiriličny varianty. Na rěšenju rabotajemo.</s> Vsečto uže rabotaje! [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:15, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Odlično! Nu izvini, ale vse vrěme ne razuměju, začto jest toj drugy šablon. Takože možno jest pisati: <nowiki>{{-|Jean-François (izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|Žan-Fransua (fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki>, i rezultat bude taky sam, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Jego sdělal Iohanen za test, rěšil ostaviti 😊 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:43, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::vot test obohdvoh šablonov na živom članku https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:48, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Mene lično dopoka nemnogo ustrašaje ta razlika medžu latiniceju i kiriliceju, ko ktoroj prihodímo. Napriklad, jesm musel v jednom slučaju sklonjati kirilicu i ne sklonjati latinicu 😢 Tako prijdemo ko dvom jezykam. Možlivo, bysmo mogli prěporučovati koristanje tutoj možnosti toliko v izključiteljnyh slučajah? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:04, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::A v kakom slučaju trěba bylo sklonjati kirilicu? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:13, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Tut byl variant ::::v Red Hook / v Ред-Хуку, ale já jesm dopoka našel izhod: ::::v apartamentu v četvrti {-|Red Hook|Ред Хук} [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:18, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::ješče v Providence / в Провиденсу [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:24, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:32, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::myslím, že rěšenjem jest vo Providensu / во Провиденсу, v Red-Huku / в Ред-Хуку. Ale, Lovecrafta/Лавкрафта, zato že ime [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:31, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:35, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::nu to jest podobno russkomu jezyku, kogda koristajut se kusky latinicy [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:37, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Točno. A tamtyh slučajah: {{-|v Providence’u, v Red Hook’u}}. Koristajuči novy možnosti, možno daže: <code><nowiki>«V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u»</nowiki></code>: «V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u». {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:40, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::nu to uże diko jest: во Провиденс-цу? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:42, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Vo Providence'u/ во Провиденсу izgledaje kompromisno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:44, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::interesno, trěba izučiti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:52, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::Gaulle на выдумки хитра (russko prislovje) ☺️ [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Vsim pozdrav, ide obnovjenje skripta, transliteracija ne bude někaky čas rabotati. Prosim izviniti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 17:47, 5 March 2026 (UTC) :Tak, vsečto jest izrěšeno, uže rabotaje i na mobilu. Mnogo děkuju adminam Vikipedije, ktore mnogo pomogli. Ura 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 19:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC) ::Vidžu! Fantastično! Hvala vsim, ktori pomogli! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:20, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Originalne <s>imena ljudij</s> i iztvorov umětnostij kako nazvy člankov == <s>Ja jesm natolkl se na toj problem, že ne věm, kako dějati lěpše... Jest članok o Johnu R. R, Tolkienu, zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano anglijskym jezykom. Trěba li takym že sposobom stvorjati i nove članky? A kako pisati vnutri članka?</s> <s>Ješče jesm ugleděl, že v poljskom jezyku imena sklanjajut se po pravilam jezyka, ale pišut se kako v originalu. Či možno li togda vnutri članka pisati, napriklad, ''... u Johna Ronalda Reuela Tolkiena...''? Ne bude li togda to mrzko izgledati v kirilici ''... у Jохна Роналда Реуела Толкиена...''? Abo trěba vnutri članka flavorizovati?..</s> P.S. Pomilujte, ja jesm slěpec, jedino tutčas uviděl jesm v vrhu to, kak to možno sdělati. Ješče jedna věč: jest članok o «Vladaru prstenjev», zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano na anglijskom jezyku («The Lord of the Rings»). Trěba li jego prěimenovati na medžuslovjansky jezyk? Myslim, že trěba, bo na vsakoj Vikipedije nazvy knig prěkladajut se na glavny jezyk Vikipedije. Cělkovito ne razuměm, kako rěšati tuto pytanje, ačekoli mně se kaže, že jego už obgovarjali, ale ja ne vidim rezultatov, pomilujte. S považenjem, [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|talk]]) 07:38, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Da, nazvanja knig jest trěba prěkladati, TLOTR in particular ☺️ Nužno jest tuty članok prěimenovati/prěměstiti, čto ne jest trudno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:21, 3 May 2026 (UTC) ::Točno, lěpje jest prěvoditi zaglavja knig, filmov i t.d., ale takože imaje byti prěnapravjenje od originalnogo zaglavja. Jesm prěimenoval TLOTR v [[Vladar prstenjev]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:14, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == Approval! == Great news! Interslavic Wikipedia will soon be approved! Committee member Jon Harald Søby posted the approval notice on the Talk Language Committee page! Finally! Let everyone know if anyone doesn't know yet, and let Jan know too! Victory! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-35104-48|&#126;2026-35104-48]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-35104-48|talk]]) 18:12, 15 June 2026 (UTC) :approved! 🎉 [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36378-17|&#126;2026-36378-17]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-36378-17|talk]]) 15:14, 23 June 2026 (UTC) : Radostno! [[Koristnik:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Таёжный лес|besěda]]) 23:48, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Administratorstvo == Dragi! Dnes nakonec naša Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija byla stvorjena. Blagoželaju nam vsim i imaju naděju, že naš projekt bude postojanno rasti! Ja jesm byl administrator v Inkubatoru, a takože vo vsih prědhodnyh versijah medžuslovjanskoj viki (od 2007 g.). Na žalost, administratorstvo ne bylo prěneseno avtomatično iz Inkubatora, zato trěba mně tu oficialno kandidatovati se na administratora. Jest několiko věčij, ktore tutčas trěba bude sdělati bystro. Napriklad, vy isto pametajete, že skoro vse stranice iz Medžuviki byli kopirovane ručno – bez jihnyh historij, čto jest narušenje avtorskyh prav – i zato ja hoču je stopiti s novějšimi versijami. Kromě togo, vsegda jest potrěbny někto, ktory odstranjaje spam, vandalizm i tako dalje. Prošu, glasujte poniže! Sut slědujuče opcije: {{-|<nowiki>{{Za}}, {{Protiv}}, {{Nevtralno}} i {{Primětka}}</nowiki>}}. Ne zabudite dodati svoj podpis (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). S srdečnym pozdravom, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:50, 24 junij 2026 (UTC) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:09, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}: Razuměje se, Jan nas dovedl tu kde jesmo, ov projekt bez jegovogo děla ne by ni egzistoval. On zakladaje se mnogo i obhodi se s pravdivymi ambicijami. Nadějem se budemo iměti uspěšny prvy god na živoj Vikipediji! :) – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 00:19, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 03:01, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} i potrěbujemo izbrati ješče 2-3 admini ili podadmini [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 06:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} Jan nas dovedl tam, kamo jesmo potrěbovali, i kako najaktivnějši člen občiny si zasluži byti administratorom. --[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:49, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}}, očevidno. Velika hvala vsim — to jest naš obči uspěh! [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 17:53, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} očevidno, Jan je tvorec medžuslovjanskogo. [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 01:05, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # Разумєје се {{Za}} [[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:FitikWasTaken|besěda]]) 13:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Dobry večer, někake novosti o izbranju adminov? Hvalim voprěd [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:57, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} prisjedinjaju se k vsemu vyše skazanomu. [[Koristnik:Noncinque|Noncinque]]([[Besěda s koristnikom:Noncinque|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (UTC+6) === Drugi admini === {{Ping|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} i ostatni, kogo jesm ne vspomnil tut, prosim nehtěl by někdo se stati vtorym i tretjim adminom, da by Jan ne tegnul vsečto sam? Prosim takože vsih glasovati, hvalim voprěd. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:23, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) 09:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :Ja ne věm, ako byh iměl na to dostatok časa, i ja o tom budu razvažiti. Ja dekuju za prědloženje. [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:57, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) ::Da, dobro bylo by iměto ješče jednogo ili dvoh adminov. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], može li ty se kandiduješ? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :::Možno, budu, ale by se htělo lěpših kandidatov. ({{-|BTW}} izčezlo "odgovoriti", to jesm ja něčto slomil?) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:21, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Ja mogu prijmati vaše prizvanje do administratorstva. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:35, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]]: Super! Togda sdělajte oddělno zaglavje, da byhmo ne komplikovali žitje administratorom na Meta. ;) {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:44, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hvala @[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], tako izdělajemo, ale htělo by ješče i někogo, kdo znaje, kako rabotaje Vikipedija lěpje, než ja ili @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i od kogo by bylo vyše koristi. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:03, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) Zdrav! Ako naša občina to želaje, mogu sebe nominovati za administratora i administratora interfejsa. Primarno se interesujem rabotati na tehničnoj infrastrukturě projekta: šablony, moduly, CSS, JS/gadžety, botovanje, i t.d. Administrativne prava dobro prihodet zaradi izčrkavanja i iziskyvanja, importovanja i prěměščanja specifičnyh stranic, iz-medžu ostalogo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:02, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :@[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]]: To bylo by odlično! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:05, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm uže administrator (interfejsa) na srbskohrvatskoj Vikipedije i bylo by mně milo prenesti něčto znalosti odonud ovamo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:11, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini - glasovanje === Kandidati na druge admini sut dva, @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] i @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]], oni ne sut konkurenti, adminami mogut byti obadva, jestli budut poddržani, prosim za ili protiv njih takože glasovati tut (ne zabezpametajte glasovati i za Jana vgorě) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ==== Vipz ==== @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo opytnogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} – ne znam dobro člověka [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 10:59, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. Věrim jegovomu slovu o znanju interfejsa — tute znanja sut nam potrěbne. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:37, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}, očevidno! Izkušeny koristnik, črěz dolge lěta byl administrator Medžuviki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:38, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:07, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... ==== Marcoorio ==== @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo motivovanogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:40, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 15:47, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:08, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 12:58, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... == Kolikost člankov na latinici i kirilici == Dragi prijatelji! Ja myslju, že oprědělenje "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju" ne odgovarja enciklopedičnosti. Prědlagaju stvoriti kategoriju, katalog po tipu Spisok člankov na latinici i na kirilici. Začto? Da by točno razuměti, koliko u nas materialov jest napisano na oboh grafikah. Poka čto u nas sut tendencije k umenšenju pisanja člankov na kirilici. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 23:10, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :A či jest li potrěbno tuto ukazanje? Imajemo translitiraciju, zatom, na moj pogled, ne jest potrěbno ukazyvati, koliko člankov sut na kirilici/latinici. Takym tvrdženjem možemo odstrašiti tyh, kto znaje kirilicu i ne znaje latinicu (ako taki sut) abo někako inako prinesti zlu myslj, ale, očevidno, ju ne imajemo. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm obratil uvagu na fakt, že v članku "Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija" jest privedena taka informacija: "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju", ale ne ima spiska člankov po kirilici i latinici. Zato jesm pomyslil, že jest enciklopedično ukazovati točnu informaciju [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:52, 26 junij 2026 (CEST). Дља статистикы буде интересно. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Kako oprěděliti, latinica ili kirilica, bot/skript musi uděliti toliko tekst iz članka i sčitati latinične i kirilične bukvy? Napriměr, jestli vyše 70% teksta sut kirilične bukvy, on jest kiriličny? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 13:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :: А сут много чланков, кде оба писма? Вообче, по мојему мнєнју то пытанје технично. Просто, интересно, направду, кака у нас тутчас статистика. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:14, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Mnogo lingvističnyh člankov imajut kirilične tablicy, priměry teksta, kako Mansijsky jezyk i td. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:19, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Ili prosto, tekst s kiriličnymi nazvami razdělov jest kiriličnym 8-) Ako li sut razděly [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:22, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Za statistiku bylo by interesno, ale ja ne myslju, že taka kategorizacija jest potrěbna. Kromě togo dodavanje i poddrživanje tyh kategorij bude mnogo raboty. Někoj čas tomu nazad jesm prosto občislil, koliko iměli jesmo člankov na kirilici i latinici na osnově zaglavij (ne včisleči mojih člankov o kiriličnyh bukvah, ktore byli napisane latiniceju). Togda to bylo okolo 1/3 kirilice i 2/3 latinice. Kako to izgledaje tutčas, ja ne znaju. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 15:56, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm napravil osnovnu prověrku: v tutom momentu, 1,072 odnosno {{round|70.993377}}% nadpisov je na latinici, a 438 odnosno {{round|29.006623}}% vsih nadpisov na kirilici. Imějuči na umu različne dolžiny člankov, {{Round|88.523968}}% vsego teksta napisano je na latinici. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 16:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jestvuje že algoritm, ktory čisli kolikost člankov pravilno? A ako prosto načeti označovati članky kategorijami "Članok napisany kiriliceju" / "Članok napisany latiniceju", tako takože možno stvoriti po priměru togo algoritma algoritm, ktory v kategorijah bude čisliti članky. Ili sčitati ručno, s pomočju kategorij. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 16:44, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Razděljenje Krčmy == Dragi kolegi, hčemo razdvojiti [[Vikipedija:Krčma]] na několiko tematičnyh odděljenij? Za početok: Pravila i směrnice; Tehnika (ili Tehnične kvestije/pytanja); Jezyk i pravopis (ili Jezyčne kvestije/pytanja); Noviny. Tak možemo razbrěmeniti centralnu stranicu Krčmy i ulegšati slědovanje diskusij kogda-libo egzistuje potrěba diskutovati mnogo prědmetov jednočasno. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 14:23, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) : Јесм согласны. Але, по мојему мнєнју новины не трєба оддєљати од централној Крчмы. Лєпје јих видєти разом на централној. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:41, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Či ne lěpje li arhivovati stare diskusije? Krčma jest velmi těžka tutčas, ale imaje byti "{{-|village pump}}", selskoju studnoju, kde obgovarjaje se vsečto [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Dalšo pytanje, imajemo v menu "Portal občiny", čto nikuda ne vede. Imaje tam býti link do Krčmy? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:32, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm arhivoval stare poslanja v Krčmě. Pozdněje hoču takože dodati starějše sodržanje Krčmy na Medžuviki do arhiva, ale tutčas to ješče ne jest možno. ::Čto se tyče razdvojenja krčmy, ja ne jesm uvěrjen, jest li to smyslno. Imajemo tu može 10–20 aktivnyh učestnikov i obyčne sut samo dva ili tri aktivne prědmety na měsec. Napriklad, v maju bylo samo 14 pravok, a v aprilju 4. Ako tu bude zaisto mnogo aktivnosti, togda možno bude pomysliti o razdvojenju, ale v medžučasu ja byh ostavil Krčmu taku, kaka ona jest. Očevidno budut avtomatične poslanja na anglijskom jezyku od fondacije Wikimedia, ktore po mojemu mněnju možno bude arhivovati do oddělnogo arhiva. ::A Portal občiny... jest li nam on potrěbny? Ja by na tom město sdělal link do Krčmy, ale k tomu bude potrěbny administrator. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:05, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:20, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Jesm mněval, tutčas jesmo oficialna Vikipedija, itak bude mnogo vyše raboty i, slědovateljno, diskusije. Kogda avtomatične, masivne poslanja budut početi, one nas budut zakopati. Brda inojezyčnyh poslanij umějut dokladati tako zvanomu '{{-|[[:en:banner blindness|banner blindness]]u}}'. Tutošnje poslanja togda budut menje primětne, čto može pobudžati deficit lokalnoj aktivnosti. Jedno rěšenje jest arhivacija, nu časom ne budemo htěti arhivovati recentne poslanja. Drugo rěšenje jest čekati, viděti i onogda rěšati. Jesm oprěděljeny za koju-nebud opciju. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 08:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Pozdrav, Jane, čto jestli prosto dati vněšni link na kavárnu Medžuviki prěd linkom na arhiv na početku stranice? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:30, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja ne mnju, že Portal občiny ima vesti na Krčmu, na češskoj Vikipediji to napriměr vede na [[:cs:Wikipedie:Portál Wikipedie|tutu stranicu]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 19:24, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::@[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]]: Da da, ja znaju, ale češska Vikipedija jest veliky projekt. Menše viki često ne imajut taky portal, ili samo někaky kratky tekst ili prěnapravjenje na [[Vikipedija:Čto Vikipedija ne jest]]. Nyně my imajemo prěmalo stranic za taky portal, ale može poprobujemo stvoriti nečto, li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:55, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm samo daval priměr. Portal občiny ne jest besěda občiny. Ale v budučnosti možemo něčto takovogo izrabotati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:49, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) == Vikidane == Pozdrav. Kako toliko na Vikidane dodadut jezyčny kod <code>isv</code>, bude trěba tutu stranicu na Vikidane [[d:Q16503|dodati]]. Možno jest, že to za nas izdělajut administratori Vikidanyh, ibo ja jesm na besědě stranice kako ne prijavjeny koristnik napisal zajavjenje o dodanje (ja jesm byl v rabotě). Jednako bude poslě potrěba priložiti takože vsake članky. Česti se mogu prijeti tako ja, ale sam ja na to ne staču. Tyseč člankov jest mnogo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:51, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Nám oběčali sut, že to sdělaje robot (možlivo) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 08:52, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Možlivo v budučnosti, kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, ale nyně ne jest možno kako by robot funkcionoval bez dodanogo koda. Itak, robot bude potrěbovati čestičnu pomoč od koristnikov, ibo ne vse bude podojdti izrabotati avtomatično. Ače, umětna inteligencija by možno mogla tako isto funkcionovati. Ale kto bude priučati umětnu inteligenciju? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:20, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Administracija Viki nam to oběčaje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Da, to jest možlivo. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm chčel se zapytati. Kako jest tuta stranica povezana s drugymi stranicami na inych jezyčnyh verzijah? To ne jest izdělano skroz Vikidane, ibo tako Vikidane ne imajut naš jezyčny kod, daže to ne jest izdělano skroz interviki, ili ja jesm to ne ugledal? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:35, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::Ja už jesm to našel. Tehničny šablon <code><nowiki>{{INTERWIKI}}</nowiki></code> iz {{š|Zaglavje krčmy}}. Kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, tuten tehničny šablon ne bude jest zapotrěbny. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:46, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Tak 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::::Hvala. Tako jest, ja jesm izrabil šablon {{š|Šablon}} (kratky link {{š|Š}}), kako isto tehničny šablon dlja ostavjanja inyh šablonov. Tuten šablon bude jest potrěba praviti dlja različenja imennyh prostorov i zablokovanja linka veduči na ne egzistujuče stranice. Tutčasna verzija jest velmi prosta. Tako jest, tuten šablon tutčasno ne uměje parametry. Tako isto, to bude potrěba dodati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:21, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :V vslědnyh dnah bude naš jezyčny kod <code>isv</code> dodany do Vikidanyh, kako jest viděti [[phab:T430419|tu na Fabrikatoru]]. Hvala adminam Fabrikatora. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 09:00, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) :The change has been merged and will be deployed on Wednesday during MediaWiki Train [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 16:33, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:45, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Velika hvala. Thank you. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:08, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Hi, it is Wednesday, where are we? Many thanks [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:55, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) == Translations == Hi! Zdravo! Lately I have been translating special pages and namespaces. I noticed that an Interslavic Wikipedia was created (since I am from Ukraine myself) and I was very happy. So, I want to offer localization for this Wiki, all I need is a list of the necessary special pages and namespaces with their translation. If translation is still needed, then tag me under the list. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:31, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hi, sorry this is already done I believe. Thank you anyway 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:36, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::This about links. For example: Special:AllPages — Specialna:Vse stranice. And also translating for other non translated special pages (BlockedExternalDomains for example) [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:42, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Na tom uže někdo tuž rabotaje, ale možlivo Jan tebe odepíše [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:43, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Maybe the "Special" namespace still needs translation, and the individual links to the special pages. The view name of the pages are already translated, or should be at least. But links and the namespace itself are still in English. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) == Kako jest slovo "pěskovišče" kategorizovano? == Ja jesm pytam, či jest slovo "pěskovišče" roda mužskoho ili srědnogo? Ja jesm ne našel tuto slovo v [https://interslavic-dictionary.com/ medžuslovjanskom slovniku], ktory ja upotrěbjaju na odgovory i ine pravky. V češskom jezyku tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo, tak samo ja mnju, že tako samo tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo tako v medžuslovjanskom. Ale ja znaju, že to ne jest vsegda pravda. Napriměr, slovo "šablon" jest roda mužskogo v medžuslovjanskom jezyku, ale to samo jest roda ženskogo v češskom jezyku. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:51, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Vse imenniky na '''-o''' (poslě tvroj suglasky) i '''-e''' (poslě mekkoj suglasky) sut srědnjego roda. Slova na '''-išče''' v občem označajut město. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:12, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Tako jest slovo "město" roda srědnjego, da? Togda pěskovišče musi byti roda srědnjego kako město, da? Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 20:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :ono jest [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 20:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm zabyl, odprašaju se. Tako hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:14, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) d5icd5w5odzj7ezucw8a9mi27qogin7 27782 27781 2026-07-01T17:58:48Z Ilja isv 10 /* Administratorstvo */ 27782 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Zaglavje krčmy}} <!--- Napišite svoje soobčenje niže ---> == Link na Diskord-server na Glavnoj stranici == Na Glavnoj stranici tut: Ако вы имајете какеколи пытан​ја, проблемы, примєткы или прєдложен​ја, поставите јих в '''[[Incubator:Krčma|крчмє обчины]]''' или [https://discord.gg/nhRuYAc5Uq нашем Дискорд-серверу]. Diskord-link vede na server Safronowiec, ktory uže malo čto imaje občo s MS i vikipedijeju. Imaje li smysl jego izmeniti na aktualny MS Diskord? Ili takože dodati link na Telegram-čat? Velika hvala. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 06:45, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] – Čestno govoreči, ja ne jesm na Diskordu i ne znaju te servery. Jest li tam někaka grupa, ktora specifično zajmaje se MS Vikipedijeju? Ako ne, može bylo by lěpje dodati link k grupě na Telegramu. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:39, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, možno dati link na tuty razdel Diskorda, gde diskutuje se rabota na Vikipedii ::[[discord:channels/879438774323535914/1284479085871104075|• Discord | "Medžuslovjanska Wikipedija" | Medžuslovjansky • Меджусловјанскы • Interslavic]] ::či takože na telegram https://t.me/interslavic_wikipedia, ale myslim by bylo dobro prěd tym zapytati tamnogo admina ili vlastnika. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:13, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :::Grupa na Telegramu jest nemnožko aktivnějša, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:28, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Takože jestvuje stary Diskord-server za Medžuviki: https://discord.gg/Yp5QfFCPny, ktorogo vodil Lev. Oboje dnes neaktivny. Jestvuje li potrěba iměti sobstveny Diskord-server za Vikipediju? Forum-nit ne jest mnogo primětna. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 09:35, 6 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, tam ješče někto byvaje iz redaktorov, dodam tuty link do glavnoj stranicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:58, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Prědustavjeno pismo == Zdrav surabotniki! Jest nužno organizovati (povtoriti) razpravu o preferovanom pismu medžuslovjanskoj Vikipedije na domenu Fundacije Vikimedija, da byhmo iměli osnovu za tehničnu rabotu ktora odnese se na naše jezyčne kody <code>isv</code>, <code>isv-Latn</code>, and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> na Fabrikatoru ({{-|phabricator.wikimedia.org}}). [https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEuviki:Kavarnja#Vikipedija_na_med%C5%BEuslovjanskom Diskusije organizovane na sajtu Miraheze] – na Fabrikatoru oni ne uvažajut. Slědovateljno otvarjaju ovu diskusiju: ktoro pismo preferujemo i začto? – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 08:58, 9 January 2026 (UTC) Hey Vipz, I'll respond in English, so that members of the Language Committee will be able to follow this conversation as well. A few months ago, I went through all articles we have, and found that about 2/3 of our articles use the Latin alphabet and 1/3 use Cyrillic. Although I am not active on social media myself, I have the impression that the situation there is similar: the majority uses Latin, but a sizeable minority uses Cyrillic. Since Latin and Cyrillic being equal is one of the main design criteria of Interslavic, the conclusion is simple: it should be possible to use both alphabets, and they should, ''as far as possible'', be served equally well. In other words, we need a bidrectional script converter. I've been looking around a bit and found ca. 20 Wikipedia editions that work with some kind of script converter: * Our own converter runs on Javascript and has three options: the source page (Lat/Cyr), the Latin transliteration and the Cyrillic translation. It has the advantage that the system remembers the preferred script of the user, apparently by means of a cookie. In mainspace articles, this converter only transliterates the text, but not the page name and not the categories. On category pages, it transliterates the titles of the articles and subcategories it contains, as well as system messages like "Тхе фолловинг 4 пагес аре ин тхис цатегоры, оут оф 4 тотал." The only established Wikipedia with a converter that works like this is [[:got:|Gothic]]. * [[:sr:|Serbian]], [[:uz:|Uzbek]], [[:ku:|Kurdish]], [[:chr:|Crimean Tatar]], [[:iu:|Inuktitut]] and [[:shi:|Tachelhit]] have PHP-based converters with the same three options (f.ex. source, Lat., Kir.). Information about the script is contained in the URL. The system does not remember one's preferred script, so when a page is opened, it is always the source text that is displayed first. This converter also converts the page title and the categories it is in. On category pages it does the opposite from our current converter: it transliterates the page title and the categories it is in, but not the titles of the pages and the subcategories it contains. * [[:sh:|Serbocroatian]], [[:tg:|Tajik]], [[:tly:|Talysh]] and [[:zgh:|Amazigh]] have PHP-based converters with two only options (for example: Latinica/Ћирилица). As I've understood, these converters are unidirectional, so that all pages must be written in the same script. For the rest, they work the same as Serbian. * The Chinese ones (zh, wuu, gan, zh-yue) seem to work like either Serbian or Serbocroatian, but since I can't read Chinese, I haven't taken any closer look at them. * [[:tt:|Tatar]] and [[:cv:|Chuvash]] have one or sometimes two buttons next to the page name. Everything is transliterated, even the menu on the left. Appears to run on JavaScript. * [[:ban:|Balinese]] has no less than five variations, but I can't quite figure out how it works. It seems like it shows some transliteration version by default, but I'm not sure about that. * [[:mni:|Meitei]] offers transliteration into Bengali script, but that works only for the categories underneath a page and the first letters on category pages. * [[:cu:|Church Slavonic]]: every page has three links for three different script variants (including Glagolitic), but they don't seem to work anymore. [[:ang:|Anglo-Saxon]] has a similar thing that actually works. * Another five projects (ug, bug, hak, bbc, gom) have multiple scripts but instead of a converter they sometimes contain multiple versions of the same article, for example [[:bug:Balanda]]. We have done that too in the beginning, but it's way too high-maintenance to be workable. I've been told that JavaScript is considered a bad idea, because it doesn't work properly in Wikipedia apps for cell phones. This means that we need to use the PHP solution, and since we need the converter to be bidirectional, our only option is the solution used for Serbian. This does, however, have a few disadvantages: # It transliterates page titles, which is not always what we want. This shouldn't be problematic though, since the page title can be manipulated with a template, for example here: [[:sr:З (слово ћирилице)]] # However, it also transliterates the names of categories, which means that Latin and Cyrillic articles are all tossed into the same category. Articles names are listed there untransliterated. This is problematic, because we must consider that not every Latin-writing person can read Cyrillic, and not every Cyrillic-writing person can read the Latin alphabet. # Even if a category full of articles written in the Latin alphabet is transliterated into Cyrillic, it does not only show them in the Latin alphabet, but also in the alphabetical order of the Latin alphabet. # A user who prefers one of the two alphabets has to change it manually for each and every page. So here's my own preferred solution, if possible: # It can work exactly like the converter on Serbian Wikipedia does, except for one thing: it should NOT transliterate category names. # Instead, we have parallel categories for Latin and Cyrillic. Every article written in the Latin alphabet is placed in Latin categories and has a redirect in Cyrillic, which is placed in the Cyrillic counterparts of these categories. Articles with titles that cannot be transliterated, like [[Microsoft]] or [[Ж]], can be placed in both categories. This is, basically, the current situation. It has the advantage that every article can be found by navigating though the categories, and that they are placed in the correct alphabetical order (which for Cyrillic is different from the Latin order). # I am aware of the fact that this solution is not perfect: a Cyrillic user who follows a Cyrillic redirect will still end up with a Latin article in Latin categories, even if he switches to Cyrillic. This cannot be helped, I'm afraid. UNLESS it would be technically possible that the categories under a Latin article link to Latin categories, and the categories under a Cyrillic article to their Cyrillic equivalents. Would such a thing be possible? # It is not a matter of life or death, but it would be nice if a user's preferred orthography could be stored in a cookie, so that he/she won't have to change the orthography manually every time. This would be a nice-to-have. There are a few other issues, too, but I'll get back to that later. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:57, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan! This is a very insightful and nuanced reply. The issue of not having a default script on multi-scipt Wikimedia projects affects editors more so than readers. As of 2026, multi-script editing is, unfortunately, nothing more than a seldom mentioned concept ([https://diff.wikimedia.org/2018/03/12/supporting-languages-multiple-writing-systems/ Diff 2018 community blog article]; [[:c:File:Editing challenges on multi-script wikis (with speaker notes).pdf|Wikimania 2017 presentation]]). Some editors are less proficient or efficient with one of the scripts, and many do not know one or the other at all, and will therefore be uncomfortable editing articles in the said script. Until multi-script editing becomes a reality, having a default script is an option to be considered; whether it is a sensible sacrifice—to the benefit of one group (a majority) and detriment of the other (a minority)—is subjective, but alas. The other thing which concerns designation of a default script are fallback choices: <code>isv</code> should ''probably'' have a fallback sequence to one of the scripts, which ''could'' solve the issue of the system not recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv isv]</code> while recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Latn isv-Latn]</code> and <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Cyrl isv-Cyrl]</code>. In other words, we ought to support <code>isv</code>, but it makes no sense to translate it separately from <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code>, unless we intend to have an unwieldy and hideous solution to not favoring one or the other – by including them both in every localized interface, namespace, or message element. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 10:07, 10 January 2026 (UTC) ::Well, I think we shouldn't be over-zealous, but on the other hand, it's been almost twenty years now since I got involved with this language, and I can assure you that the alphabet issue has been a thing almost since day one. Every possible option between Latin-only and Cyrillic-only has its ardent supporters, and even though the Latin alphabet is used more often for Interslavic than Cyrillic, it remains a fact that about 3/4 of all Slavic people use Cyrillic. So treating one of them as merely a transliterated version of the other is out of the question. But it is also true that the average Pole, Czech or Slovene cannot read Cyrillic, whereas most Russians, Ukrainians and Bulgarians know the Latin alphabet at least to some degree, which gives the Latin alphabet a slight advantage nonetheless. It's not entirely clear to me what you mean by "fallback option", but if it means that <code>isv</code> is interpreted as "<code>isv-Latn</code> unless specified otherwise", I'd be perfectly fine with that.<br />Of course, there will always be imperfections. For a person who only knows the Latin alphabet it will be difficult to correct a typo in the Cyrillic text, or even to expand it with Latin text. For now, I think we should stick to the principle that a page written in Cyrillic stays in Cyrillic, and ''tant pis'' if you can't handle Cyrillic. But honestly, I don't think that's much of a problem at the moment. Most Interslavic users can understand both alphabets, and I'm sure the problem of multi-script editing will solve itself at some point.<br />For the record, transliteration between Latin and Cyrillic is pretty straightforward. The only inconsistency is the '''њ/нј''' issue found also in Serbian, but that's a minor thing that can easily be solved. That still leaves us with a few issues addressed [[:meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Interslavic#Writing system related issues|here]] by @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]]. More specifically, s/he mentions the possibility of using not only the ex-Yugoslavia method for displaying Cyrillic, but also the Russian method (''лю'' instead of ''љу''). If I understand correctly that the source code looks like [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Editing_challenges_on_multi-script_wikis_%28with_speaker_notes%29.pdf#page=29 this], such a thing could easily be implemented. The question is: do we want that? And another thing is that some users persistently use the etymological orthography (''mųž'', ''krålj'', etc.). If the converter can be programmed in such way that <code>'ų' => 'у'</code> and <code>'у' => 'u'</code>, then that would be a nice thing to have as well. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:40, 10 January 2026 (UTC) == Транслитерација со Јапонского == Поздрав! Какобы толико в източнословјанскых йезыках хирагану し / катакану シ транслитерујут како си/si. В вечинству језыков (вкључајучи словјански) пишут ши/shi/ši. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], може измєнити то [[Kacusika Hokusaj|сде]] на "Kacušika Hokusaj" або на "Kacušika Hokusai"? Како мыслите? --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 20:09, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Pozdrav, Murade, nazva ''Kacusika Hokusaj'' byla uže raněje v spisu potrěbnyh člankov, zato ja jesm to ostavil. Možno jest izdělati re-direkt na na ''Katsušika Hokusaj'' i to bude izobražati se na stranice. Tutčas, obratno, ja jesm prědělal vse japonske slova v članku na "''si''", "''dzju''", "''dzjo''" vměsto "''ši''", "''džu''", "''džo''" (Hepburnovo romaji ''shi'', ''ju'', ''jo''), i t.d. da by vsečto bylo v jednom standardu, ili možem to vratiti i ostaviti, kako bylo, s koristanjem jedino romaji transkripcije bez jej prěvoda do kirilicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:55, 12 January 2026 (UTC) Po mojemu mněnju to ne jest dobry pomysl. Nakoliko ja znaju, toj spisok potrěbnyh člankov sdělal Lev, a on vse bazoval na russkoj transkripciji. Problem jest v tom, že ta transkripcija jest osnovana na principu, že v russkom suglasky prěd '''и''' i '''е''' sut avtomatično palatalizovane. Izgovor '''シ''' i '''チ''' zaisto zvuči bolje kako poljske {{-|'''ś'''}} i {{-|'''ć'''}} neželi kako russke '''ш''' i '''ч''', ale v medžuslovjanskom to ne rabotaje tako. Sdělal jesm tabelku s někojimi problematičnymi znakami i uvidite, že daže ukrajinsky i srbsky koristajut '''ш''' i '''ч'''. Pozrite tu (poslědnji stolp jest moje prědloženje za medžuslovjansky): {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" style="text-align:center;" ! jap. !! ang. !! čes. !! rus. !! ukr. !! srb. !! isv |- | サ || sa || sa || са || са || са || sa / са |- | シ || shi || ši || си || ші || ши || ši / ши |- | シャ || sha || ša || ся || шя || ша || ša / ша |- | タ || ta || ta || та || та || та || ta / та |- | チ || chi || či || ти || чі || чи/ћи || či / чи |- | ツ || tsu || cu || цу || цу || цу || cu / цу |- | チャ || cha || ča || тя || чя || ча/ћа || ča / ча |- | ニャ || nya || nja || ня || ня || ња || nja / ња |- | ワ || wa || wa || ва || ва || ва/уа || wa / ва |- | ザ || za || za || дза || дза || за || za / за |- | ジ || ji || dži || дзи || джі || ђи || dži / джи |- | ジャ || ja || dža || дзя || джя || ђа || dža / джа |- | ダ || da || da || да || да || да || da / да |- | ヂ || ji || (dži) || (дзи) || (джі) || ђи || dži / джи |- | ヅ || zu || (zu) || (дзу) || (дзу) || зу || zu / зу |- | ヂャ || ja || (dža) || (дзя) || (джя) || (ђа) || dža / джа |- ! colspan="7" | razširjena katakana |- | ス || su || su || су || су || су || su / су |- | スィ || si || (si) || сы || (сі) || (си) || si / си |- | テ || te || te || тэ || те || те || te / те |- | ティ || ti || (ti) || ти (ты) || ті || ти || ti / ти |} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) : Одлично табло! Але по мојему мнєнју ако измєнити za / за на dza / дза (и zu / зу на dzu / дзу) тогды је было бы фонетично идеално (не по Поливанову и не по Хепберну оногдашње). --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 18:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, jesm tako(d)že suglasny [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:05, 12 January 2026 (UTC) == Remaining issues == Dear all, since it probably won't be long now before our Interslavic Wikipedia will finally be approved, there are still a few issues to be resolved. {{Ping|Ilja isv|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} Your attention please! === Transliteration === First of all, there's the issue of transliteration, see above under [[Incubator:Krčma#Prědustavjeno pismo]]. The system used by the Serbian Wikipedia has the advantage that we can have the same article both in Latin and Cyrillic without having to resort to back-transliterations. In other words, we won't be forced to write "Džorž Buš" instead of "George Bush" in the Latin alphabet to avoid Cyrillic transliterations like "Георге Бусх". At present, transliteration is taken care of with JavaScript in [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.js MediaWiki:Common.js]. When we move to the system used by the Serbian Wikipedia (which IMO is the only sensible solution, see above), the same transliteration rules should be transferred to whatever system they use there, preferably with a few additions: '''bidirectional:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" | a || b || c || č || d || e || ě || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || lj{{FN|*)}} || m || n || nj{{FN|*)}} || o || p || r || s || š || t || u || v || y || z || ž || ä || ö || ü |- | а || б || ц || ч || д || е || є || ф || г || х || и || ј || к || л || љ || м || н || њ || о || п || р || с || ш || т || у || в || ы || з || ж || ӓ || ӧ || ӱ |} '''unidirectional Lat &rarr; Cyr:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | á || å || a || ć || ď || đ || ė || è || é || ę || í || ľ || ĺ || ł || ń || ň || ȯ || ò || ó || qu || ŕ || ř || ś || ť || ú ||ų || ů || w || x || ý || ź || ż |- ! to | а || а || а || ч || д || дж || е || е || е || e || и || л || л || л || н || н || о || о || о || kv || р || р || с || т || у || у || у || в || кс || ы || з || ж |} '''unidirectional Cyr &rarr; Lat:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | ґ || ѓ || ђ || ѣ || ё || ѕ || і || ї || й || ќ || ћ || ў || џ || щ || ъ || ь || э || ю || я |- ! to | g || dž || dž || ě || jo || dz || i || ji || j || č || č || v || dž || šč || — || — || e || ju || ja |} {{FNBox|Note: {{FNZ|*)|I don't know if there is a way to distinguish between Љ (LJ) and Љ (Lj), but since fully capitalized text is rare, I guess Љ &rarr; Lj and Њ &rarr; Nj will do.}} }} === Alphabetical order === Another thing is the alphabetical ordering of articles in, for example, categories. The current situation is that Cyrillic letters absent in Russian – like Є, Њ and Ј – come before А. It is necessary that the right alphabetical order is followed, which preferably should also include letters not used in Interslavic but used in other Slavic languages, as they may appear in categories as well: '''Latin:'''<br /> <big>'''a''' á ä ą å '''b c''' ć '''č d''' ď '''e''' é è ė ę '''ě f g h i''' í '''j k l''' ł ľ ĺ '''lj m n''' ń ň '''nj o''' ò ó ȯ '''p''' q '''r''' ŕ ř '''s''' ś '''š t''' ť '''u''' ú ů ų '''v''' w x '''y''' ý '''z''' ź '''ž''' ż</big> '''Cyrillic:'''<br /> <big>'''а б в г''' ґ '''д''' ђ ѓ '''е''' ё '''є''' ѣ '''ж з''' ѕ '''и''' й і ї '''ј к л љ м н њ о п р с т''' ћ ќ '''у''' ў '''ф х ц ч''' џ '''ш''' щ '''ы''' э ю я</big> === Dates === * The standard format for dates is: <code>dd.mm.yyyy</code> * In dates, month names should always be in the genitive case. Although these genitives are defined on translatewiki.net, that doesn't seem to work in the Recent changes, Watchlist etc. === Numbers === When a number is followed by a noun, the corresponding case differs: * 1: nominative singular (1 dom) * 2–4: nominative plural (2 domy) * 0 and 5–19: genitive plural (5 domov) * all higher numbers ending with 1: nominative singular (101 dom) * all higher numbers ending with 2–4: nominative plural (102 domy) * all higher numbers ending with 0 or 5–9: genitive plural (100 domov, 105 domov) === Namespaces === {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! colspan="2" | Namespace || colspan="2" | Talk |- ! English || Interslavic || English || Interslavic |- | (main) || (glavny) || Talk || Besěda |- | User || Koristnik || User talk || Besěda koristnika |- | Wikipedia || Vikipedija || Wikipedia talk || Besěda vikipedije |- | File || Fajl || File talk || Besěda fajla |- | MediaWiki || MediaWiki || MediaWiki || Besěda MediaWiki |- | Template || Šablon || Template talk || Besěda šablona |- | Help || Pomoč || Help talk || Besěda pomoči |- | Category || Kategorija || Category talk || Besěda kategorije |- | Portal || Portal || Portal talk || Besěda portala |- | Module || Modul || Module talk || Besěda modula |- | Gadget || Gadžet || Gadget talk || Besěda gadžeta |} I hope I haven't forgotten anything! === The code ISV === * In interwiki links, the language should appear as: <code>Medžuslovjansky / меджусловјанскы</code> * The English name of the language is "Interslavic". * There still appear to be issues with the language code <code>isv</code>. In Babel boxes, for example, <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> work, but <code>isv</code> does not. * I guess using <code>isv</code> shoud have a fallback sequence to <code>isv-Latn</code>, as [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] suggested. === Transliteration once more === ''Theoretically'' it will be possible to add unidirectional solutions to additional writing systems, like Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. Personally, I am not in favour of such a solution though. That's pretty much all I can think of. Comments? Suggestions? Opinions? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:51, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Finally! That is some great news. :All the points touched here make sense to me. :I am also against additional transliteration to either Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. It would add more confusion IMO. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:07, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :jesm popravil tabelu Namespaces [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:09, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::O, hvala za popravku, to je byla moja glupost! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:39, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi Jan, :Many thanks for this communication. :My idea of selective automatic both-way transliteration is as follows.<br />Now we have a template to block transliteration for a piece of text :<pre>{{-|text not to be transliterated}}</pre> :all it does only adding HTML tag :<pre>&lt;span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"&gt;text not to be transliterated&lt;/span&gt;</pre> :that is analized by transliteration gadget that ignores the text between tag borders. This tag can be also used "manually" when use of template is not possible due to wikitext syntax (e.g. text of hyperlink etc.), so we have more or less two tools to control transliteration now. :I would propose to add one more template for selective transliteration, for example :<pre>{{LatCyr|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan Fransua|1}}</pre> :where:<br/> :''Jean-François'' - (obligatory parameter) text in original language in Latin script (name)<br/> :''Жан-Франсуа'' - (obligatory parameter) text in cyrillic (phonetical transliteration)<br/> :''Žan Fransua'' - (optional) phonetic latin<br/> :''1'' - (optional) when this is present, the name appears first time on the article and it could be displayed with phonetic latin in parentheses (could be useful when uncommon languages for the reader are used). :This template could work same way adding HTML class tags (these need to be created for original latin, cyrillic and phonetic latin). The translit script could be modified so it sees the tags and modifies text as per current isv graphic selection setting. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Examples |- ! Parameters !! lat/cyr !! Renders as |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа (Jean-François) |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || lat || Jean-François (Žan-Fransua) |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |lat |Jean-François |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |cyr |Жан-Франсуа |- |<nowiki>Györ|Дьёр|Ďjor|1</nowiki> |lat |Györ (Ďjor) |} :Would this proposal be of interest? :It would still require somepone to program the gadget and admin rights to place it on the wiki section. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:21, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Yes, this certainly makes sense. The language converter can easily be embedded in the current <tt><nowiki>{{-|...}}</nowiki></tt> template. Normally the language converter would expect something like:<br /><tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl:Жан-Франсуа }-</nowiki></tt>.<br />The remaining two fields can easily be handled in the template itself, I think. But on the other hand, the same functionality can also be achieved simply by using the same template twice: <tt><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}} {{-|(izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|(fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki></tt> If that's the case, then parameters 3 and 4 wouldn't even be necessary. One thing I'm not entirely sure about myself, is what happens when you open a page ''before'' picking an orthography. At that moment the system doesn't know whether the page is in Latin or in Cyrillic orthography. I *think* this is done by adding a third parameter: <tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl: Жан-Франсуа; isv: Jean-François }-</nowiki></tt> Anyway, the advantage of all this is that we won't immediately have to change all pages where it is used. In many cases the template is used for expressions that shouldn't be transliterated at all, like "{{-|Microsoft}}". Those cases won't be affected by the change at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 11:01, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan, yes, this could be the way to go. Still need some time to understand better the way the gadget works but would like to start trying soonest. Cheers, [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:53, 12 February 2026 (UTC) === Script === {{-|''(added a header for clarity)''}} :So, today is a great day as I tried first time the vibe-codng with Google AI mode to modify transliteration script. :My proposal is to use 3 classes that will be added by template (or manually) to mark 3 options of text. :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Latn">Jean-François</span></pre> :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Cyrl">Жан-Франсуа</span></pre> :<pre><span class="alphabet-isv">Žan-Fransua</span></pre> :Depending on user alphabet setting, only one of the three will be displayed.<br/> :Herewith the code that needs to be added to the script, in the very beginning, after description remark (starting line 9). :<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript" line="1" start="9"> /** This part is added by [[Koristnik:Ilja_isv]], vibe-coded with Google AI /** Sorry code is removed since it did not work in the end </syntaxhighlight> :@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], may I ask you to add this code to Common.js so we could test? It takes admin rights to modify the javascript. I can send the complete modified script file if this is easier, I have a backup of original Common.js for the case of failure and the tags for testing entered in the sandbox. Thanking you in advance for help, hope it will work. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::Unfortunately, being a test admin I do not have the rights to edit Common.js (I actually tried a while back, to no avail). Perhaps [[Koristnik:Iohanen]] can be of help here? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you Jan, will contact. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:19, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Jan, one more idea: we can also test changes at old Miraheze space, the gadget script is identical. Do you have admin rights there or do you know the admin? I do not even have a login. The script file there is called Gadget-alphabet.js: :::https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-alphabet.js :::Just someone will also need to make a test page with tags to see how it works. :::Many thanks. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Yes, I can modify the alphabet gadget on Miraheze. What exactly do you want me to do? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:21, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Hvala Jane, myslím, zajutra večer budu odpovědati, prěd tym uže ne budu iměti čas. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::I had a reply from Iohanen, hvala za kontakt, it is: ::::::https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Iohanen?markasread=2792850&markasreadwiki=incubatorwiki#c-Iohanen-20260224173800-Ilja_isv-20260224114000 ::::::Will follow up in 1-2 days [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 05:35, 25 February 2026 (UTC) :::::No need to do anything, thanks to Iohanen, we have now a workable and tested script. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:38, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :::I have modified the '''- '''template, it can have 2 parameters now. If there is only one parameter, this text will be excluded from transliteration. If there is a second parameter present, first parameter is considered Latin, second is considered Cyrilic. When we install updated gadget script, either one or the other will be displayed, depending on language setting. Default is Latin (if Lat./Cyr is a choice or no choice made yet). {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <pre>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</pre>|| <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> || <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</pre> || <pre>Jean-François</pre> || <pre>Жан-Франсуа</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</pre> || <pre>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</pre> || <pre>Джо Байден</pre> |} :::As we already have a perfectly working script (great thanks to [[Koristnik:Iohanen]]), I will ask administrators to install it and we have the problem solved. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:45, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:51, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi All, ::::Good news: the script and new templates are implemented and work. I will publish a tutorial shortest possible. Congratulations to all participants 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:27, 28 February 2026 (UTC) ::::<s>Bad news: does not work in the mobile version, both Cyrillic and Latin are displayed, which was not like that during tests.</s> <s>Next point to address.</s> Done, all works now. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:29, 28 February 2026 (UTC) === Approval === {{-|''(moving this to a separate section to avoid cluttering)''}} Where did you get the information that Wp/isv is about to be approved? On the discussion page, the Language Committee members are ignoring it again, but as soon as someone posted about another project, it immediately received a response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-98653-7|&#126;2026-98653-7]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-98653-7|talk]]) 21:08, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :I've been discussing the issue of the script converter with a member of the Language Committee, that's way. I know they could have approved our project already a year ago, but there's not much point in mulling over that now. I suggest we simply keep working on this wiki, approval will come by itself. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:37, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :: What kind of stories are you telling us? How many times has this happened? People are wasting their precious time on this instead of something more useful. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10102-52|&#126;2026-10102-52]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10102-52|talk]]) 13:57, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::LOL, login under your real name. Why are you even here? :::If you're feeling that you are wasting your time here, you know where the door is, right? I strongly encourage you to go and do something more useful. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 14:03, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Can't say I disagree. Negativity won't get us anywhere, that's for sure. Ultimately, we'll get there, and all the work we are doing here will soon end up in a real Interslavic wikipedia anyway, so it's definitely not a waste of time. And, if I may say so, complaining is a much bigger waste of time than actually contributing. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:45, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::: Look. It's a dead project; it only has four active users. Part of that is your fault, after all, you kept telling everyone the project was about to be approved (but it never happened). And I'll disappoint you a little: activity usually declines after a domain is created. I'd advise everyone to be more accepting of criticism. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10115-37|&#126;2026-10115-37]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10115-37|talk]]) 17:58, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Listen, brave man. If you want anyone to take your “criticism” even remotely seriously, you need to log in so we can see what your stake is and what you’ve actually contributed. Until then, you’ll simply come across as a troll or a saboteur. ::::::When we need your advice, we’ll ask for it. For now, you can tone it down and keep your advice to yourself. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:52, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::: Wikimedia has a [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal%20Code%20of%20Conduct universal code of conduct]. I recommend you read it. I've been following this project for several years, sometimes making anonymous edits. And I have the right not to register as long as Wikimedia Foundation projects allow this option. Your requests are rejected. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10259-25|&#126;2026-10259-25]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10259-25|talk]]) 20:07, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Too many recommendations for anonymous "editor", buddy. You're dismissed and free to go. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 21:36, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::All emotions aside, I don’t really understand your frustration about the situation or your negativity toward Jan. I’m pretty sure Jan was simply passing on to the community what he himself had been told. ::::::::I don’t think anyone involved in this project expects it to suddenly become hugely popular. For me, it’s about steady work and gradually onboarding new learners of Interslavic. ::::::::Personally, everything I write here — and everything I do in life — I do primarily for myself. I don’t expect large audiences or dramatic results. If you feel like you’ve wasted your time because you were expecting something bigger, maybe the issue isn’t the project itself but the expectations attached to it. ::::::::If exposure and visibility are what you’re looking for, there are platforms built exactly for that. Like TikTok for example. But this project has always been about consistent effort and long-term development, not instant recognition. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:31, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::And if you truly have such deep knowledge of the future and already know how everything is going to turn out, maybe you should try day trading. With that kind of foresight, you’d probably make millions — and then all the time you think you “wasted” on our small project would fade away like a bad dream. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:34, 15 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::That's right. Perhaps I've been premature with my assumptions, but they were not entirely without reason. First of all, we already met all the necessary requirements by October 2024 (five editors contributing regularly during a period of a few months + translated interface), and secondly, in January 2025 a member of the Language Committee confirmed that the project was ready for approval. Honestly, I have no idea why that still hasn't happened, and believe me, nobody feels more frustrated about this sluggishness than me. At first, I thought it was because of the label "constructed language", but given the fact that a wikipedia in Toki Pona was approved – even though it it's not even an auxiliary language and even though it wasn't even in the Incubator – that's can't really be the reason. And yes, of course I am disappointed that some active contributors haven't shown up for a long time. Neither do I understand why [[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] requested Interslavic Wikipedia on Meta and started this wiki on the Incubator, since he never contributed anything of substance afterwards. Still, no matter what, the best we can do is simply carry on. Showing that we *can* do it is precisely what the Incubator is meant for. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:01, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::And anonymous, you call this a dead project, but at the same time you noted yourself that other projects with less users and less content are being approved, so apparently it's not *that* dead after all. You say that we should be more accepting of criticism, but the point of criticism is to improve something, not to frustrate it. If you have ideas about how to improve this project, we are all ears, and if you care about this project, you are more than welcome to contribute. But if you don't, then I don't quite understand why you bother making these comments at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:03, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: I don't remember saying this, but I would have said the same thing. You need to clearly define your goal and determine whether it's achievable. If not, then move on to other goals. Here, it's like knocking on a closed gate. Sometimes they say something or wink, but the gate remains closed. I have ideas, but first you need to stop knocking on closed gates. It's really sad. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10286-28|&#126;2026-10286-28]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10286-28|talk]]) 11:38, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::I don't think it's like knocking on a closed gate. Look what happened with our ISO code. Our first two requests were rejected for stupid reasons and the third request took almost five years to be validated: first because they simply forgot about it, and then because it was stalled because they were reformulating their policies. It seems like they didn't quite know what do to with Interslavic, for example, whether they should qualify it as natural or a constructed language. So yes, I am kind of having a ''déjà-vu'' here. And again, I don't why it is taking them so long. The language itself shouldn't be the problem anymore, since its eligibility was established already in October 2024. My best guess is simply that the majority of the LangCom members are barely active, and that the remaining members are hesitant because of the extra work that needs to be done with regard to script conversion and the like. But ultimately ''upornost se izplati''. And anyway, it's not like we have an alternative here. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:37, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: There are alternatives. In fact, with the development of AI, Wikipedia's role is gradually diminishing. Just look at the statistics: activity is declining in many editions (for example, in Russian, but the situation is no better in other Slavic editions). The situation is only good in languages ​​with a large number of native speakers (English, Spanish, French). This project will ultimately be edited by a relatively small group of enthusiasts. If the project is for enthusiasts, work can be done anywhere (on other wiki projects, etc.) whithout frustration. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 14:26, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::The relationship between Wikipedia and AI is a problem in itself, but there's not much point in speculation about the future. Besides, following your logic, we might as well close all Wikipedias except the English one. You are right about one thing: if the Interslavic Wikipedia were purely intended for enthusiasts of Interslavic, Miraheze or whatever other wikifarm might do. But that's not the point. This wiki should serve as an additional source of information for Slavic speakers. The reason we need a separate Wikipedia project is that people can find it, for example via interwiki links. As long as it is stored here or in some wikifarm, nobody will be able to find it. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:05, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::: This isn't quite the correct continuation of my logic: sections don't need to be closed, but activity will gradually decline. They will remain as encyclopedias, but will be preserved (AI will take information from there for itself). As for whether people will be able to find this project through interwiki, that's doubtful; interwiki is badly presented in the current Wikipedia skin. It's easy to search there if you know exactly which language you need. But it's possible that some people will still find this project through interwiki. As a source of information, people prefer to read in their native language. What you said could have been expected 10-20 years ago. If they can't find information in their language, they'll translate it from the language in which it exists (most likely, English). The quality of translation in online translators is much better now. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 09:09, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::Good news. A thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia" has appeared on the Langcom Mailing List. I hope we get a positive response soon. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-17126-63|&#126;2026-17126-63]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-17126-63|talk]]) 20:12, 18 March 2026 (UTC) :::I'm really starting to get the impression that langcom is deliberately ignoring wp/isv. Jon Harald Søby created a thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia," but it received no response, either positive or negative. However, another thread appeared there and received an almost immediate response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18779-70|&#126;2026-18779-70]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18779-70|talk]]) 11:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::: That's true. But in reality, there are plenty of such threads. Someone wants approval, no one responds, or no one responds positively, and approval is delayed. Don't count on approval soon; it will be several years away. I especially don't recommend relying on the nearly dead Langcom.--[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18633-18|&#126;2026-18633-18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18633-18|talk]]) 11:30, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Years? Is it really that bad? What's the point of writing anything here if there will never be approval? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18861-96|&#126;2026-18861-96]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18861-96|talk]]) 13:56, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::: Honestly, I don't know why they're doing this. It's been clear many times that Langcom doesn't want to approve this project and will delay approval as long as possible. Sooner or later, this leads to burnout (maybe Langcom is counting on it). Note that Langcom hasn't offered any apologies or justifications, as if this is a normal situation. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18833-94|&#126;2026-18833-94]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18833-94|talk]]) 15:57, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ura! Sračky 😂 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 21:35, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Very good news! Other members of the language committee have responded, and it's safe to say that Interslavic Wikipedia is practically approved. All that's left is to leave a notification about the proposal being approved, and now all that's left is to create isv.wikipedia.org. Finally, it's isv's turn. Thank you for continuing to create articles and staying active. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31741-38|&#126;2026-31741-38]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-31741-38|talk]]) 03:13, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == Wiktionary == ''(moving this to a separate item to avoid cluttering)'' When we receive approval, will it automatically give us the option to create a Wiktionary for Interslavic, or do we need to apply for that separately? I already have some ideas and plans for it. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 15:45, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Setting up a separate Wiktionary would require a separate application process on [[m:Requests for new languages|Meta]]. Approval will probably come easier if Interslavic already has its own Wikipedia, though. Theoretically, you could also start creating a Wiktionary in the Incubator, here: [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/isv Wt/isv]. Yet I am wondering: what would be the point of a Wiktionary for Interslavic? We already have our multilingual dictionary at https://interslavic-dictionary.com/, and there's the same dictionary at http://steen.free.fr/interslavic/dynamic_dictionary.html. Keeping those two in line with each other is already quite a lot of work. Wouldn't it be better to keep all our eggs in one basket, instead of having even more dictionaries around? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:42, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::Well, in reality, I'm just experimenting. ::In theory, there is an automated or at least semi-automated way to add articles to Wiktionary straight from the dictionary database, so the labor part should not be that difficult. ::What I did is I've created a fork of the dictionary that is using the same database and did slight improvements to it's UI, so now you can compare multiple words at the same screen and you can also look up the Wiktionary article straight from the interface, just by pressing the hyperlink. Creating Interslavic Wiktionary obviously would allow me to add the links to Interslavic Wiktionary. ::Wiktionary by definition is something that anyone can edit, so: ::# People would add new words more easily (Yes, there is a problem with verifying if those words are good or not, but in general it would give more power to the community vs. now, when suggesting something to Interslavic dictionary seems more like a bureaucratic process rather than a community contribution). ::# People could modify articles about the words in Interslavic and add contexts, translations to their natural languages, usage examples, etc. (Think of https://context.reverso.net/) ::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:04, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::I've also revived the Slovnik Bot in Telegram and modified it a little bit, so it's also showing links to Wiktionary articles in corresponding languages. :::In theory, if people will add the use cases in Interslavic, this bot would be able to spit it out to users in Telegram. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::The slovnik fork is available here :::https://interslavic.forum/slovnik/ :::I'm still working on it, but it's pretty much done for now. :::It allows you to compare up to 4 words on the same screen and look up the Wiktionary articles for corresponding language. :::This is just something I'm constantly using in writing texts. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:10, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::In general, I'm just trying to integrate the existing infrastructure of Interslavic with what Wikipedia offers. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Well, I can certainly see the potential advantages of a Wiktionary. It could, for example, help in translating the dictionary into other languages. The thing is only that the official Interslavic dictionary is being worked on by a whole team of people. Errors are being corrected, new words are being added, and sometimes existing words are being replaced or simply kicked out. The problem with forked dictionaries is that sooner or later they will be obsolete. Besides, we can't have people adding stuff that hasn't been properly researched. That's why I am a bit hesitant here. But if you really want to try it, I cannot stop you, of course. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:50, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :This is a UI fork, mostly visual difference and additional features. It's connected to the same google document just as official dictionary. The only difference for now is that I've fixed individual declensions for some words (jejin, obědvě) (also I've committed the changes to official dictionary, it's just a matter for someone to approve the changes). :I'm not trying to create my own dictionary, but I'd like the work to go faster and I'd like to have a more participatory mechanism for the community. :Wiktionary would be a part of this mechanism. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:28, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Okay, we can of course give it a try. And like I said, I can surely see quite a few advantages of the idea. My only concern is, who is going to manage all this? Starting it in the Incubator is possible for sure, but if it's going to be a one-man show, it will probably stay there forever. Personally, I'd much rather we concentrate on Wikipedia now, which is already more than enough work. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:07, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::I'll try to see how far I can go with it. If I fail, I fail, no biggie. I promise I will keep writing here on Wiki :) [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:16, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I also do see potential in empowering people. When we know that our voice matters and we can affect something, it is in itself a very inspiring thing. I may be too naive and idealistic tho. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:21, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::[[Wt/isv/Main Page]] :::I've created the Main Page and in process of importing the words from the dictionary. :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], I was thinking translating some of your materials from English to Interslavic on word formation, voting machine, etc to create Help page, can I have your permission? :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] @[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] @[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] @[[Koristnik:Danvintius Bookix|Danvintius Bookix]] @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]] @[[Koristnik:Medžuslovjanin|Medžuslovjanin]] @[[Koristnik:Ferpaks|Ferpaks]] @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] @[[Koristnik:Aula Orion|Aula Orion]] @[[Koristnik:Panslav|Panslav]] @[[Koristnik:Orbitminis|Orbitminis]] @[[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] @[[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] @[[Koristnik:Plameniled|Plameniled]] @[[Koristnik:Miłosz Czaniecki|Miłosz Czaniecki]] @[[Koristnik:Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров]] @[[Koristnik:Qiorly|Qiorly]] @[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] @[[Koristnik:SzymonV|SzymonV]] @[[Koristnik:Asank neo|Asank neo]] @[[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] @[[Koristnik:Machine of goodness|Machine of goodness]] @[[Koristnik:Snovid|Snovid]] :::If anyone has any suggestions, I'd love to hear it. :::So far my plan is the followinɡː :::[[Wt/isv/Vikislovnik:Propozicija měseca#Dorabotati Vikislovnik]] [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 01:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi GlěbDyndar, I can see the Wiktionary already on the incubator, and found a nice side-effect for Wikipedia incubator: when editing in Visual mode, selecting a noun in Nominative or a verb in infinitive, and pressing Ctrl-K (to insert hyperlink) it also shows possible links to the Wiktonary, so this option could be used for spell checking 😎 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 13:40, 19 March 2026 (UTC) :::::That would be awesome! Having something to check spelling against is beneficial for the wiki. Yes, there is an official Interslavic Dictionary available, but it's not really built into Wikipedia, it would be really interesting to see it imported into the Wiktionary in its full extent and interconnected with the Wikipedia for spellcheck. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|contribs]]) 14:19, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: First of all, it's not that it takes up a lot of memory. Wiki projects use templates. A volunteer user who might want to edit Wiktionary doesn't need to know HTML and CSS. Learn to create templates first. The original wiki code, consisting almost entirely of HTML and CSS, is what we had in the past. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 16:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Да говно эти шаблоны, в эпоху ИИ от них толку мало, ебешься три года ради того, что ИИ напишет за секунду. А потом если нужно какую строчку добавить или убавить в карточке, снова нужно лезть в этот шаблон и выяснять что там к чему. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::все новое - это хорошо забытое старое) :::::::::Шаблоны были сделаны, чтоб облегчить жизнь тем, кто не может кодить. Сейчас кодить может каждый, соответственно шаблоны летят мимо. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:10, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: Whether it's good or bad, that's the way things are done in Wikimedia projects. So, don't blame anyone else. You can easily create your own beautiful wiki project without templates in the AI ​​era. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 10:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Да не переживай ты так, учитель) Разберусь, что мне делать. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 16:24, 15 May 2026 (UTC) == Sravniti vs. sravnjati vs. sravnivati == slovnik ima 'sravnjati' kak imperfect, ale iz mojego pogleda, bylo by razumněje pisati "sravnivati", ibo priblizno vse jezyky imajut dodatny slog v tutom slovu v imperfektu "sravnjati" za mene imaje smysl "uravnjati", "sdělati jednakovym", na angl. ''to level'' čto myslite? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Nu znaješ, "sravnjati" prosto jest regularno stvorjena nesovršena forma sovršenogo glagola "sravniti". V dolgoj historiji medžuslovjanskogo jezyka vsegda jesmo usilovali, že jezyk jest kako možno regularny. Zato ''-ati > -yvati'', a ''-iti > -jati''. Očevidno, byli by takože druge možnosti, napr. ''-ati > -avati'' iili ''-iti > -ivati''. Ale my jesmo izbrali te formy, ktore sut najbolje razprostranjene po slovjanskyh jezykah. Poněkogda te druge formy na indivualnoj osnově daže mogut byti lěpše, ale ne hočemo vvesti v jezyk veče neregularnostij, neželi sut potrěbne. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:01, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, Jane, ja dobro razuměm i pametam vaše pojasnjenje o logikě impf.-pf. glagolov v MS, ale čto ako li poněkogda stvorjajemo falšivyh prijateljev v ugodu regulardnosti? (rus. сравнять, čes. srovnat, pol. zrównać) ::Dodatno, regularnost v MS v tutom osobnom slučaju (iz moejgo pogleda) ide protiv naturalističnosti, ibo vse naturalne jezyky prědavajut semantiku "to be comparing" inym slovom. ::Russky срав'''ни'''вать, сопоставлять ::Bělorussky параўноўваць, зраў'''ноў'''ваць, супастаўляць ::Ukrajinsky порів'''ню'''вати, зіставляти, зрівнювати ::Poljsky porów'''ny'''wać ::Češsky srov'''ná'''vat, porov'''ná'''vat ::Slovačsky porov'''ná'''vať, zrov'''ná'''vať ::Hrvatsky srav'''nji'''vati, upoređivati ::Srbsky срав'''њи'''вати, упоређавати ::Makedonsky сравнува, споредува ::Bulgarsky срав'''ня'''вам ::"Sravnjati s zemjeju" — "Compare with Earth?" or "Level it to the ground"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:43, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Aha, razuměju. Da da, takom slučaju može lěpje bude ''sravnyvati'' (nesov.) i ''sravnati'' (sov.), a takože ''sravnanje'' zaměsto ''sravnjenje'' «comparison”, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:57, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Moje prědloženje": :::for the verb ''to compare: sravniti / sravnivati,'' ibo to odpovědaje logikě naturalnyh jezykov. :::for the verb ''to even, to level'' we already have ''poravniti'' (curiously, it's not ''por'''o'''vniti'', which would follow the logic you're explaining) :::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:13, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::''sravnjati'' možemo ostaviti, ale jedino v smyslu ''to even, to level'' [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:22, 14 February 2026 (UTC) == Websajt s katalogom i statistikoju == <nowiki>https://medzuslovjansky.onl/</nowiki> jesm stvoril maly websajt s vyše vizualnym kalalogom stranic i statistikoju može byti koristany kak onlajn biblioteka stvoril jego da by može byti takym obrazom uprostiti dostup obyčnyh ljudij do Viki i malost zainteresovati v napisanju člankov prošu, pišite vaši propozicije i myslji [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 17:32, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :myslju oddělno sdělati filtr za kategorij s prověrjenym pravopisom i dobry članok, da by možno bylo legko najdti teksty s dobrym MSom [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:11, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, to bylo by interesno. Myslju, že kategorija s prověrjenym pravopisom ne jest mnogo upotrěbima, ale može [[Incubator:Spisok najdolžejših stranic|tutoj spisok najdolžejših ćlankov]] jest? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::Už sdělal oddělny filtr, koj polazyvaje jedino članky so zvězdoju i s prověrjenym pravopisom. Myslju, to ne byla zla ideja i ja budu probovati dodavati toj šablon, kogda čitaju članky. :::Vo vkladke statistika možno odfiltrovati članky po dolžině, ale može byti sdělati oddělnu jarku vkladku "Najdolžejše članky"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:19, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, myslju, že to jest dobry pomysl. Mimohodom, može mogli byhmo uže dodati do dobryh člankov. Srěd mojih člankov, myslju, že napriklad [[Abhazsky alfabet]], [[Džok (pes)]] i [[Ҕ]] kvalifikujut se, ibo sut mnogo obširnějše, než jihne ekvivalenty na drugyh jezykah. Imajete li prědloženja? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::A nas budut prověrjati na odpovědnost kriterijam dobryh člankov? Ibo imajemo množstvo člankov vyše 10kb, koje libo už sut dost dobre (ale može byti ne sut take dobre, kak jihne analogy v inyh jezykah, ili prinajmenje v něktoryh), ale sut kratše, než v inyh jezykah. :::::I takože imajemo množstvo člankov menše než 10kb, ale koje takože sut mnogo dobre. :::::Večinstvo (ili vse) članky o kiriličnyh bukvah sut dobre na moj pogled, ale ne imajut trěbujemogo razměra. :::::@[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] napisal několiko dobryh člankov, ale on prosil prověriti pravopis za njim i ja byh dodal v jegove članky malost obrazov ili medija materialov, že by jih nemnogo oživiti (imajut prěmnogo teksta bez ničego vizualnogo) :::::@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] takože napisal dostatočno dobryh člankov [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:27, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Da da, jesm suglasny. Teoretično ne imajemo izrazne kriterije, toliko, že dobry članok trěbuje iměti někoju kritičnu masu. Granica 10K bajtov byla ustanovjena libovoljno, kogda na medžuviki iměli jesmo 20 člankov >10K, ale tutčas imajemo jih ok. 140. Dolgy ne avtomatično znači lěpši. Po mojemu mněnju, da by članok kvalifikoval se za uměščenje na glavnoj stranici: ::::::* jest bolje-menje kompletny o obgovarjaje vse aspekty (napr. članok o državě ne jest kompletny, ako nemaje ničego o ekonomikě, prirodě i t.d.). ::::::* imaje pravilny i prověrjeny pravopis ::::::* jest osnovany na prověrjenyh izvorah (znači, ne slěpo kopirovanyh iz drugyh viki) ::::::* ne jest toliko prěvod članka iz drugoj viki ::::::* kako možno, sodrživaje obrazky ::::::* kako možno, jest lěpši od ekvivalentah na drugyh slovjanskyh jezykah ::::::* prědmet ne jest prěmnogo niševy. ::::::Kromě togo, dobro by bylo, ako jest raznorodnost medžu člankami na glavnoj stranici. Tutčas imajemo ok. 20 dobryh člankov. Glupo bylo by, ako srěd njih byli 3 kirilične bukvy, ili 3 ukrajinski politiki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:51, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Dodati linky na spoločnosti v Dicord i TG na glavnoj stranici v menju == Tutčas poglednul i uviděl, že bulgarska vikipedija ima linky do spoločnostij v discord i tg na glavnoj stranici v menju, v lěvoj jegovoj česti. Može byti, my takože budemo dodati? https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:29, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :Ne znaju, imaje li smysl popularizovati toj Diskord, on ne imaje ničto občo s Viki projektom, i Jan tam ne jest. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:16, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Nove možnosti translliteracije - sdělano == Blagodare dobrym ljudam, pomagavšim izměniti skript, pojavili se nove možnosti transliteracije.<br/>Šablon '''-''' dostavaje novu funkciju: <br/>Tuty šablon upravjaje transliteracijeju, izključaje ju za fragment teksta (kogda koristaje se s jednym parametrom), ili pokazyvaje razny tekst za latinicu i kirilicu (variant s dvoma parametrami).<br/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</nowiki></code>|| <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Jean-François</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Жан-Франсуа</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Джо Байден</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu {{-|Roundhay|Раундхеј}}» (1888) {{-|[[Louis Le Prince|{{-|Louis Le Prince'a}}]]|[[Louis Le Prince|Луи ле Пранса ({{-|Louis Le Prince)}}]]}} — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu Roundhay» (1888) Louis Le Prince'a — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Сцена в саду Раундхеј» (1888) Луи ле Пранса (Louis Le Prince) — најраннєјши известны филм в хисторији.</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>V Providence’u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>В Провиденсу</nowiki></code> |} <br /> <s>Čto ješče ne rabotaje: v mobilnoj versiji bude vsegda pokazyvati i latiničny i kiriličny varianty. Na rěšenju rabotajemo.</s> Vsečto uže rabotaje! [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:15, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Odlično! Nu izvini, ale vse vrěme ne razuměju, začto jest toj drugy šablon. Takože možno jest pisati: <nowiki>{{-|Jean-François (izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|Žan-Fransua (fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki>, i rezultat bude taky sam, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Jego sdělal Iohanen za test, rěšil ostaviti 😊 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:43, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::vot test obohdvoh šablonov na živom članku https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:48, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Mene lično dopoka nemnogo ustrašaje ta razlika medžu latiniceju i kiriliceju, ko ktoroj prihodímo. Napriklad, jesm musel v jednom slučaju sklonjati kirilicu i ne sklonjati latinicu 😢 Tako prijdemo ko dvom jezykam. Možlivo, bysmo mogli prěporučovati koristanje tutoj možnosti toliko v izključiteljnyh slučajah? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:04, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::A v kakom slučaju trěba bylo sklonjati kirilicu? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:13, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Tut byl variant ::::v Red Hook / v Ред-Хуку, ale já jesm dopoka našel izhod: ::::v apartamentu v četvrti {-|Red Hook|Ред Хук} [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:18, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::ješče v Providence / в Провиденсу [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:24, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:32, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::myslím, že rěšenjem jest vo Providensu / во Провиденсу, v Red-Huku / в Ред-Хуку. Ale, Lovecrafta/Лавкрафта, zato že ime [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:31, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:35, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::nu to jest podobno russkomu jezyku, kogda koristajut se kusky latinicy [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:37, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Točno. A tamtyh slučajah: {{-|v Providence’u, v Red Hook’u}}. Koristajuči novy možnosti, možno daže: <code><nowiki>«V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u»</nowiki></code>: «V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u». {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:40, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::nu to uże diko jest: во Провиденс-цу? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:42, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Vo Providence'u/ во Провиденсу izgledaje kompromisno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:44, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::interesno, trěba izučiti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:52, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::Gaulle на выдумки хитра (russko prislovje) ☺️ [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Vsim pozdrav, ide obnovjenje skripta, transliteracija ne bude někaky čas rabotati. Prosim izviniti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 17:47, 5 March 2026 (UTC) :Tak, vsečto jest izrěšeno, uže rabotaje i na mobilu. Mnogo děkuju adminam Vikipedije, ktore mnogo pomogli. Ura 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 19:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC) ::Vidžu! Fantastično! Hvala vsim, ktori pomogli! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:20, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Originalne <s>imena ljudij</s> i iztvorov umětnostij kako nazvy člankov == <s>Ja jesm natolkl se na toj problem, že ne věm, kako dějati lěpše... Jest članok o Johnu R. R, Tolkienu, zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano anglijskym jezykom. Trěba li takym že sposobom stvorjati i nove članky? A kako pisati vnutri članka?</s> <s>Ješče jesm ugleděl, že v poljskom jezyku imena sklanjajut se po pravilam jezyka, ale pišut se kako v originalu. Či možno li togda vnutri članka pisati, napriklad, ''... u Johna Ronalda Reuela Tolkiena...''? Ne bude li togda to mrzko izgledati v kirilici ''... у Jохна Роналда Реуела Толкиена...''? Abo trěba vnutri članka flavorizovati?..</s> P.S. Pomilujte, ja jesm slěpec, jedino tutčas uviděl jesm v vrhu to, kak to možno sdělati. Ješče jedna věč: jest članok o «Vladaru prstenjev», zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano na anglijskom jezyku («The Lord of the Rings»). Trěba li jego prěimenovati na medžuslovjansky jezyk? Myslim, že trěba, bo na vsakoj Vikipedije nazvy knig prěkladajut se na glavny jezyk Vikipedije. Cělkovito ne razuměm, kako rěšati tuto pytanje, ačekoli mně se kaže, že jego už obgovarjali, ale ja ne vidim rezultatov, pomilujte. S považenjem, [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|talk]]) 07:38, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Da, nazvanja knig jest trěba prěkladati, TLOTR in particular ☺️ Nužno jest tuty članok prěimenovati/prěměstiti, čto ne jest trudno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:21, 3 May 2026 (UTC) ::Točno, lěpje jest prěvoditi zaglavja knig, filmov i t.d., ale takože imaje byti prěnapravjenje od originalnogo zaglavja. Jesm prěimenoval TLOTR v [[Vladar prstenjev]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:14, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == Approval! == Great news! Interslavic Wikipedia will soon be approved! Committee member Jon Harald Søby posted the approval notice on the Talk Language Committee page! Finally! Let everyone know if anyone doesn't know yet, and let Jan know too! Victory! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-35104-48|&#126;2026-35104-48]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-35104-48|talk]]) 18:12, 15 June 2026 (UTC) :approved! 🎉 [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36378-17|&#126;2026-36378-17]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-36378-17|talk]]) 15:14, 23 June 2026 (UTC) : Radostno! [[Koristnik:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Таёжный лес|besěda]]) 23:48, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Administratorstvo == Dragi! Dnes nakonec naša Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija byla stvorjena. Blagoželaju nam vsim i imaju naděju, že naš projekt bude postojanno rasti! Ja jesm byl administrator v Inkubatoru, a takože vo vsih prědhodnyh versijah medžuslovjanskoj viki (od 2007 g.). Na žalost, administratorstvo ne bylo prěneseno avtomatično iz Inkubatora, zato trěba mně tu oficialno kandidatovati se na administratora. Jest několiko věčij, ktore tutčas trěba bude sdělati bystro. Napriklad, vy isto pametajete, že skoro vse stranice iz Medžuviki byli kopirovane ručno – bez jihnyh historij, čto jest narušenje avtorskyh prav – i zato ja hoču je stopiti s novějšimi versijami. Kromě togo, vsegda jest potrěbny někto, ktory odstranjaje spam, vandalizm i tako dalje. Prošu, glasujte poniže! Sut slědujuče opcije: {{-|<nowiki>{{Za}}, {{Protiv}}, {{Nevtralno}} i {{Primětka}}</nowiki>}}. Ne zabudite dodati svoj podpis (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). S srdečnym pozdravom, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:50, 24 junij 2026 (UTC) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:09, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}: Razuměje se, Jan nas dovedl tu kde jesmo, ov projekt bez jegovogo děla ne by ni egzistoval. On zakladaje se mnogo i obhodi se s pravdivymi ambicijami. Nadějem se budemo iměti uspěšny prvy god na živoj Vikipediji! :) – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 00:19, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 03:01, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} i potrěbujemo izbrati ješče 2-3 admini ili podadmini [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 06:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} Jan nas dovedl tam, kamo jesmo potrěbovali, i kako najaktivnějši člen občiny si zasluži byti administratorom. --[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:49, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}}, očevidno. Velika hvala vsim — to jest naš obči uspěh! [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 17:53, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} očevidno, Jan je tvorec medžuslovjanskogo. [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 01:05, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # Разумєје се {{Za}} [[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:FitikWasTaken|besěda]]) 13:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} prisjedinjaju se k vsemu vyše skazanomu. [[Koristnik:Noncinque|Noncinque]]([[Besěda s koristnikom:Noncinque|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (UTC+6) :Dobry večer, někake novosti o izbranju adminov? Hvalim voprěd [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:57, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini === {{Ping|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} i ostatni, kogo jesm ne vspomnil tut, prosim nehtěl by někdo se stati vtorym i tretjim adminom, da by Jan ne tegnul vsečto sam? Prosim takože vsih glasovati, hvalim voprěd. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:23, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) 09:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :Ja ne věm, ako byh iměl na to dostatok časa, i ja o tom budu razvažiti. Ja dekuju za prědloženje. [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:57, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) ::Da, dobro bylo by iměto ješče jednogo ili dvoh adminov. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], može li ty se kandiduješ? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :::Možno, budu, ale by se htělo lěpših kandidatov. ({{-|BTW}} izčezlo "odgovoriti", to jesm ja něčto slomil?) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:21, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Ja mogu prijmati vaše prizvanje do administratorstva. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:35, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]]: Super! Togda sdělajte oddělno zaglavje, da byhmo ne komplikovali žitje administratorom na Meta. ;) {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:44, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hvala @[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], tako izdělajemo, ale htělo by ješče i někogo, kdo znaje, kako rabotaje Vikipedija lěpje, než ja ili @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i od kogo by bylo vyše koristi. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:03, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) Zdrav! Ako naša občina to želaje, mogu sebe nominovati za administratora i administratora interfejsa. Primarno se interesujem rabotati na tehničnoj infrastrukturě projekta: šablony, moduly, CSS, JS/gadžety, botovanje, i t.d. Administrativne prava dobro prihodet zaradi izčrkavanja i iziskyvanja, importovanja i prěměščanja specifičnyh stranic, iz-medžu ostalogo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:02, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :@[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]]: To bylo by odlično! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:05, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm uže administrator (interfejsa) na srbskohrvatskoj Vikipedije i bylo by mně milo prenesti něčto znalosti odonud ovamo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:11, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini - glasovanje === Kandidati na druge admini sut dva, @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] i @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]], oni ne sut konkurenti, adminami mogut byti obadva, jestli budut poddržani, prosim za ili protiv njih takože glasovati tut (ne zabezpametajte glasovati i za Jana vgorě) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ==== Vipz ==== @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo opytnogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} – ne znam dobro člověka [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 10:59, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. Věrim jegovomu slovu o znanju interfejsa — tute znanja sut nam potrěbne. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:37, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}, očevidno! Izkušeny koristnik, črěz dolge lěta byl administrator Medžuviki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:38, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:07, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... ==== Marcoorio ==== @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo motivovanogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:40, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 15:47, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:08, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 12:58, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... == Kolikost člankov na latinici i kirilici == Dragi prijatelji! Ja myslju, že oprědělenje "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju" ne odgovarja enciklopedičnosti. Prědlagaju stvoriti kategoriju, katalog po tipu Spisok člankov na latinici i na kirilici. Začto? Da by točno razuměti, koliko u nas materialov jest napisano na oboh grafikah. Poka čto u nas sut tendencije k umenšenju pisanja člankov na kirilici. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 23:10, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :A či jest li potrěbno tuto ukazanje? Imajemo translitiraciju, zatom, na moj pogled, ne jest potrěbno ukazyvati, koliko člankov sut na kirilici/latinici. Takym tvrdženjem možemo odstrašiti tyh, kto znaje kirilicu i ne znaje latinicu (ako taki sut) abo někako inako prinesti zlu myslj, ale, očevidno, ju ne imajemo. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm obratil uvagu na fakt, že v članku "Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija" jest privedena taka informacija: "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju", ale ne ima spiska člankov po kirilici i latinici. Zato jesm pomyslil, že jest enciklopedično ukazovati točnu informaciju [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:52, 26 junij 2026 (CEST). Дља статистикы буде интересно. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Kako oprěděliti, latinica ili kirilica, bot/skript musi uděliti toliko tekst iz članka i sčitati latinične i kirilične bukvy? Napriměr, jestli vyše 70% teksta sut kirilične bukvy, on jest kiriličny? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 13:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :: А сут много чланков, кде оба писма? Вообче, по мојему мнєнју то пытанје технично. Просто, интересно, направду, кака у нас тутчас статистика. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:14, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Mnogo lingvističnyh člankov imajut kirilične tablicy, priměry teksta, kako Mansijsky jezyk i td. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:19, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Ili prosto, tekst s kiriličnymi nazvami razdělov jest kiriličnym 8-) Ako li sut razděly [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:22, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Za statistiku bylo by interesno, ale ja ne myslju, že taka kategorizacija jest potrěbna. Kromě togo dodavanje i poddrživanje tyh kategorij bude mnogo raboty. Někoj čas tomu nazad jesm prosto občislil, koliko iměli jesmo člankov na kirilici i latinici na osnově zaglavij (ne včisleči mojih člankov o kiriličnyh bukvah, ktore byli napisane latiniceju). Togda to bylo okolo 1/3 kirilice i 2/3 latinice. Kako to izgledaje tutčas, ja ne znaju. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 15:56, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm napravil osnovnu prověrku: v tutom momentu, 1,072 odnosno {{round|70.993377}}% nadpisov je na latinici, a 438 odnosno {{round|29.006623}}% vsih nadpisov na kirilici. Imějuči na umu različne dolžiny člankov, {{Round|88.523968}}% vsego teksta napisano je na latinici. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 16:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jestvuje že algoritm, ktory čisli kolikost člankov pravilno? A ako prosto načeti označovati članky kategorijami "Članok napisany kiriliceju" / "Članok napisany latiniceju", tako takože možno stvoriti po priměru togo algoritma algoritm, ktory v kategorijah bude čisliti članky. Ili sčitati ručno, s pomočju kategorij. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 16:44, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Razděljenje Krčmy == Dragi kolegi, hčemo razdvojiti [[Vikipedija:Krčma]] na několiko tematičnyh odděljenij? Za početok: Pravila i směrnice; Tehnika (ili Tehnične kvestije/pytanja); Jezyk i pravopis (ili Jezyčne kvestije/pytanja); Noviny. Tak možemo razbrěmeniti centralnu stranicu Krčmy i ulegšati slědovanje diskusij kogda-libo egzistuje potrěba diskutovati mnogo prědmetov jednočasno. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 14:23, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) : Јесм согласны. Але, по мојему мнєнју новины не трєба оддєљати од централној Крчмы. Лєпје јих видєти разом на централној. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:41, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Či ne lěpje li arhivovati stare diskusije? Krčma jest velmi těžka tutčas, ale imaje byti "{{-|village pump}}", selskoju studnoju, kde obgovarjaje se vsečto [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Dalšo pytanje, imajemo v menu "Portal občiny", čto nikuda ne vede. Imaje tam býti link do Krčmy? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:32, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm arhivoval stare poslanja v Krčmě. Pozdněje hoču takože dodati starějše sodržanje Krčmy na Medžuviki do arhiva, ale tutčas to ješče ne jest možno. ::Čto se tyče razdvojenja krčmy, ja ne jesm uvěrjen, jest li to smyslno. Imajemo tu može 10–20 aktivnyh učestnikov i obyčne sut samo dva ili tri aktivne prědmety na měsec. Napriklad, v maju bylo samo 14 pravok, a v aprilju 4. Ako tu bude zaisto mnogo aktivnosti, togda možno bude pomysliti o razdvojenju, ale v medžučasu ja byh ostavil Krčmu taku, kaka ona jest. Očevidno budut avtomatične poslanja na anglijskom jezyku od fondacije Wikimedia, ktore po mojemu mněnju možno bude arhivovati do oddělnogo arhiva. ::A Portal občiny... jest li nam on potrěbny? Ja by na tom město sdělal link do Krčmy, ale k tomu bude potrěbny administrator. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:05, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:20, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Jesm mněval, tutčas jesmo oficialna Vikipedija, itak bude mnogo vyše raboty i, slědovateljno, diskusije. Kogda avtomatične, masivne poslanja budut početi, one nas budut zakopati. Brda inojezyčnyh poslanij umějut dokladati tako zvanomu '{{-|[[:en:banner blindness|banner blindness]]u}}'. Tutošnje poslanja togda budut menje primětne, čto može pobudžati deficit lokalnoj aktivnosti. Jedno rěšenje jest arhivacija, nu časom ne budemo htěti arhivovati recentne poslanja. Drugo rěšenje jest čekati, viděti i onogda rěšati. Jesm oprěděljeny za koju-nebud opciju. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 08:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Pozdrav, Jane, čto jestli prosto dati vněšni link na kavárnu Medžuviki prěd linkom na arhiv na početku stranice? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:30, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja ne mnju, že Portal občiny ima vesti na Krčmu, na češskoj Vikipediji to napriměr vede na [[:cs:Wikipedie:Portál Wikipedie|tutu stranicu]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 19:24, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::@[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]]: Da da, ja znaju, ale češska Vikipedija jest veliky projekt. Menše viki često ne imajut taky portal, ili samo někaky kratky tekst ili prěnapravjenje na [[Vikipedija:Čto Vikipedija ne jest]]. Nyně my imajemo prěmalo stranic za taky portal, ale može poprobujemo stvoriti nečto, li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:55, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm samo daval priměr. Portal občiny ne jest besěda občiny. Ale v budučnosti možemo něčto takovogo izrabotati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:49, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) == Vikidane == Pozdrav. Kako toliko na Vikidane dodadut jezyčny kod <code>isv</code>, bude trěba tutu stranicu na Vikidane [[d:Q16503|dodati]]. Možno jest, že to za nas izdělajut administratori Vikidanyh, ibo ja jesm na besědě stranice kako ne prijavjeny koristnik napisal zajavjenje o dodanje (ja jesm byl v rabotě). Jednako bude poslě potrěba priložiti takože vsake članky. Česti se mogu prijeti tako ja, ale sam ja na to ne staču. Tyseč člankov jest mnogo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:51, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Nám oběčali sut, že to sdělaje robot (možlivo) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 08:52, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Možlivo v budučnosti, kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, ale nyně ne jest možno kako by robot funkcionoval bez dodanogo koda. Itak, robot bude potrěbovati čestičnu pomoč od koristnikov, ibo ne vse bude podojdti izrabotati avtomatično. Ače, umětna inteligencija by možno mogla tako isto funkcionovati. Ale kto bude priučati umětnu inteligenciju? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:20, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Administracija Viki nam to oběčaje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Da, to jest možlivo. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm chčel se zapytati. Kako jest tuta stranica povezana s drugymi stranicami na inych jezyčnyh verzijah? To ne jest izdělano skroz Vikidane, ibo tako Vikidane ne imajut naš jezyčny kod, daže to ne jest izdělano skroz interviki, ili ja jesm to ne ugledal? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:35, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::Ja už jesm to našel. Tehničny šablon <code><nowiki>{{INTERWIKI}}</nowiki></code> iz {{š|Zaglavje krčmy}}. Kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, tuten tehničny šablon ne bude jest zapotrěbny. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:46, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Tak 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::::Hvala. Tako jest, ja jesm izrabil šablon {{š|Šablon}} (kratky link {{š|Š}}), kako isto tehničny šablon dlja ostavjanja inyh šablonov. Tuten šablon bude jest potrěba praviti dlja različenja imennyh prostorov i zablokovanja linka veduči na ne egzistujuče stranice. Tutčasna verzija jest velmi prosta. Tako jest, tuten šablon tutčasno ne uměje parametry. Tako isto, to bude potrěba dodati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:21, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :V vslědnyh dnah bude naš jezyčny kod <code>isv</code> dodany do Vikidanyh, kako jest viděti [[phab:T430419|tu na Fabrikatoru]]. Hvala adminam Fabrikatora. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 09:00, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) :The change has been merged and will be deployed on Wednesday during MediaWiki Train [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 16:33, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:45, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Velika hvala. Thank you. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:08, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Hi, it is Wednesday, where are we? Many thanks [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:55, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) == Translations == Hi! Zdravo! Lately I have been translating special pages and namespaces. I noticed that an Interslavic Wikipedia was created (since I am from Ukraine myself) and I was very happy. So, I want to offer localization for this Wiki, all I need is a list of the necessary special pages and namespaces with their translation. If translation is still needed, then tag me under the list. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:31, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hi, sorry this is already done I believe. Thank you anyway 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:36, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::This about links. For example: Special:AllPages — Specialna:Vse stranice. And also translating for other non translated special pages (BlockedExternalDomains for example) [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:42, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Na tom uže někdo tuž rabotaje, ale možlivo Jan tebe odepíše [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:43, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Maybe the "Special" namespace still needs translation, and the individual links to the special pages. The view name of the pages are already translated, or should be at least. But links and the namespace itself are still in English. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) == Kako jest slovo "pěskovišče" kategorizovano? == Ja jesm pytam, či jest slovo "pěskovišče" roda mužskoho ili srědnogo? Ja jesm ne našel tuto slovo v [https://interslavic-dictionary.com/ medžuslovjanskom slovniku], ktory ja upotrěbjaju na odgovory i ine pravky. V češskom jezyku tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo, tak samo ja mnju, že tako samo tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo tako v medžuslovjanskom. Ale ja znaju, že to ne jest vsegda pravda. Napriměr, slovo "šablon" jest roda mužskogo v medžuslovjanskom jezyku, ale to samo jest roda ženskogo v češskom jezyku. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:51, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Vse imenniky na '''-o''' (poslě tvroj suglasky) i '''-e''' (poslě mekkoj suglasky) sut srědnjego roda. Slova na '''-išče''' v občem označajut město. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:12, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Tako jest slovo "město" roda srědnjego, da? Togda pěskovišče musi byti roda srědnjego kako město, da? Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 20:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :ono jest [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 20:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm zabyl, odprašaju se. Tako hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:14, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) 7lbqgbn3qltdnvi85bdu8mdl30kaqql 27793 27782 2026-07-01T22:41:08Z IJzeren Jan 9 /* Vikidane */ Odgovor 27793 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Zaglavje krčmy}} <!--- Napišite svoje soobčenje niže ---> == Link na Diskord-server na Glavnoj stranici == Na Glavnoj stranici tut: Ако вы имајете какеколи пытан​ја, проблемы, примєткы или прєдложен​ја, поставите јих в '''[[Incubator:Krčma|крчмє обчины]]''' или [https://discord.gg/nhRuYAc5Uq нашем Дискорд-серверу]. Diskord-link vede na server Safronowiec, ktory uže malo čto imaje občo s MS i vikipedijeju. Imaje li smysl jego izmeniti na aktualny MS Diskord? Ili takože dodati link na Telegram-čat? Velika hvala. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 06:45, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] – Čestno govoreči, ja ne jesm na Diskordu i ne znaju te servery. Jest li tam někaka grupa, ktora specifično zajmaje se MS Vikipedijeju? Ako ne, može bylo by lěpje dodati link k grupě na Telegramu. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:39, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, možno dati link na tuty razdel Diskorda, gde diskutuje se rabota na Vikipedii ::[[discord:channels/879438774323535914/1284479085871104075|• Discord | "Medžuslovjanska Wikipedija" | Medžuslovjansky • Меджусловјанскы • Interslavic]] ::či takože na telegram https://t.me/interslavic_wikipedia, ale myslim by bylo dobro prěd tym zapytati tamnogo admina ili vlastnika. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:13, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :::Grupa na Telegramu jest nemnožko aktivnějša, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:28, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Takože jestvuje stary Diskord-server za Medžuviki: https://discord.gg/Yp5QfFCPny, ktorogo vodil Lev. Oboje dnes neaktivny. Jestvuje li potrěba iměti sobstveny Diskord-server za Vikipediju? Forum-nit ne jest mnogo primětna. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 09:35, 6 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, tam ješče někto byvaje iz redaktorov, dodam tuty link do glavnoj stranicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:58, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Prědustavjeno pismo == Zdrav surabotniki! Jest nužno organizovati (povtoriti) razpravu o preferovanom pismu medžuslovjanskoj Vikipedije na domenu Fundacije Vikimedija, da byhmo iměli osnovu za tehničnu rabotu ktora odnese se na naše jezyčne kody <code>isv</code>, <code>isv-Latn</code>, and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> na Fabrikatoru ({{-|phabricator.wikimedia.org}}). [https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEuviki:Kavarnja#Vikipedija_na_med%C5%BEuslovjanskom Diskusije organizovane na sajtu Miraheze] – na Fabrikatoru oni ne uvažajut. Slědovateljno otvarjaju ovu diskusiju: ktoro pismo preferujemo i začto? – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 08:58, 9 January 2026 (UTC) Hey Vipz, I'll respond in English, so that members of the Language Committee will be able to follow this conversation as well. A few months ago, I went through all articles we have, and found that about 2/3 of our articles use the Latin alphabet and 1/3 use Cyrillic. Although I am not active on social media myself, I have the impression that the situation there is similar: the majority uses Latin, but a sizeable minority uses Cyrillic. Since Latin and Cyrillic being equal is one of the main design criteria of Interslavic, the conclusion is simple: it should be possible to use both alphabets, and they should, ''as far as possible'', be served equally well. In other words, we need a bidrectional script converter. I've been looking around a bit and found ca. 20 Wikipedia editions that work with some kind of script converter: * Our own converter runs on Javascript and has three options: the source page (Lat/Cyr), the Latin transliteration and the Cyrillic translation. It has the advantage that the system remembers the preferred script of the user, apparently by means of a cookie. In mainspace articles, this converter only transliterates the text, but not the page name and not the categories. On category pages, it transliterates the titles of the articles and subcategories it contains, as well as system messages like "Тхе фолловинг 4 пагес аре ин тхис цатегоры, оут оф 4 тотал." The only established Wikipedia with a converter that works like this is [[:got:|Gothic]]. * [[:sr:|Serbian]], [[:uz:|Uzbek]], [[:ku:|Kurdish]], [[:chr:|Crimean Tatar]], [[:iu:|Inuktitut]] and [[:shi:|Tachelhit]] have PHP-based converters with the same three options (f.ex. source, Lat., Kir.). Information about the script is contained in the URL. The system does not remember one's preferred script, so when a page is opened, it is always the source text that is displayed first. This converter also converts the page title and the categories it is in. On category pages it does the opposite from our current converter: it transliterates the page title and the categories it is in, but not the titles of the pages and the subcategories it contains. * [[:sh:|Serbocroatian]], [[:tg:|Tajik]], [[:tly:|Talysh]] and [[:zgh:|Amazigh]] have PHP-based converters with two only options (for example: Latinica/Ћирилица). As I've understood, these converters are unidirectional, so that all pages must be written in the same script. For the rest, they work the same as Serbian. * The Chinese ones (zh, wuu, gan, zh-yue) seem to work like either Serbian or Serbocroatian, but since I can't read Chinese, I haven't taken any closer look at them. * [[:tt:|Tatar]] and [[:cv:|Chuvash]] have one or sometimes two buttons next to the page name. Everything is transliterated, even the menu on the left. Appears to run on JavaScript. * [[:ban:|Balinese]] has no less than five variations, but I can't quite figure out how it works. It seems like it shows some transliteration version by default, but I'm not sure about that. * [[:mni:|Meitei]] offers transliteration into Bengali script, but that works only for the categories underneath a page and the first letters on category pages. * [[:cu:|Church Slavonic]]: every page has three links for three different script variants (including Glagolitic), but they don't seem to work anymore. [[:ang:|Anglo-Saxon]] has a similar thing that actually works. * Another five projects (ug, bug, hak, bbc, gom) have multiple scripts but instead of a converter they sometimes contain multiple versions of the same article, for example [[:bug:Balanda]]. We have done that too in the beginning, but it's way too high-maintenance to be workable. I've been told that JavaScript is considered a bad idea, because it doesn't work properly in Wikipedia apps for cell phones. This means that we need to use the PHP solution, and since we need the converter to be bidirectional, our only option is the solution used for Serbian. This does, however, have a few disadvantages: # It transliterates page titles, which is not always what we want. This shouldn't be problematic though, since the page title can be manipulated with a template, for example here: [[:sr:З (слово ћирилице)]] # However, it also transliterates the names of categories, which means that Latin and Cyrillic articles are all tossed into the same category. Articles names are listed there untransliterated. This is problematic, because we must consider that not every Latin-writing person can read Cyrillic, and not every Cyrillic-writing person can read the Latin alphabet. # Even if a category full of articles written in the Latin alphabet is transliterated into Cyrillic, it does not only show them in the Latin alphabet, but also in the alphabetical order of the Latin alphabet. # A user who prefers one of the two alphabets has to change it manually for each and every page. So here's my own preferred solution, if possible: # It can work exactly like the converter on Serbian Wikipedia does, except for one thing: it should NOT transliterate category names. # Instead, we have parallel categories for Latin and Cyrillic. Every article written in the Latin alphabet is placed in Latin categories and has a redirect in Cyrillic, which is placed in the Cyrillic counterparts of these categories. Articles with titles that cannot be transliterated, like [[Microsoft]] or [[Ж]], can be placed in both categories. This is, basically, the current situation. It has the advantage that every article can be found by navigating though the categories, and that they are placed in the correct alphabetical order (which for Cyrillic is different from the Latin order). # I am aware of the fact that this solution is not perfect: a Cyrillic user who follows a Cyrillic redirect will still end up with a Latin article in Latin categories, even if he switches to Cyrillic. This cannot be helped, I'm afraid. UNLESS it would be technically possible that the categories under a Latin article link to Latin categories, and the categories under a Cyrillic article to their Cyrillic equivalents. Would such a thing be possible? # It is not a matter of life or death, but it would be nice if a user's preferred orthography could be stored in a cookie, so that he/she won't have to change the orthography manually every time. This would be a nice-to-have. There are a few other issues, too, but I'll get back to that later. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:57, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan! This is a very insightful and nuanced reply. The issue of not having a default script on multi-scipt Wikimedia projects affects editors more so than readers. As of 2026, multi-script editing is, unfortunately, nothing more than a seldom mentioned concept ([https://diff.wikimedia.org/2018/03/12/supporting-languages-multiple-writing-systems/ Diff 2018 community blog article]; [[:c:File:Editing challenges on multi-script wikis (with speaker notes).pdf|Wikimania 2017 presentation]]). Some editors are less proficient or efficient with one of the scripts, and many do not know one or the other at all, and will therefore be uncomfortable editing articles in the said script. Until multi-script editing becomes a reality, having a default script is an option to be considered; whether it is a sensible sacrifice—to the benefit of one group (a majority) and detriment of the other (a minority)—is subjective, but alas. The other thing which concerns designation of a default script are fallback choices: <code>isv</code> should ''probably'' have a fallback sequence to one of the scripts, which ''could'' solve the issue of the system not recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv isv]</code> while recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Latn isv-Latn]</code> and <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Cyrl isv-Cyrl]</code>. In other words, we ought to support <code>isv</code>, but it makes no sense to translate it separately from <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code>, unless we intend to have an unwieldy and hideous solution to not favoring one or the other – by including them both in every localized interface, namespace, or message element. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 10:07, 10 January 2026 (UTC) ::Well, I think we shouldn't be over-zealous, but on the other hand, it's been almost twenty years now since I got involved with this language, and I can assure you that the alphabet issue has been a thing almost since day one. Every possible option between Latin-only and Cyrillic-only has its ardent supporters, and even though the Latin alphabet is used more often for Interslavic than Cyrillic, it remains a fact that about 3/4 of all Slavic people use Cyrillic. So treating one of them as merely a transliterated version of the other is out of the question. But it is also true that the average Pole, Czech or Slovene cannot read Cyrillic, whereas most Russians, Ukrainians and Bulgarians know the Latin alphabet at least to some degree, which gives the Latin alphabet a slight advantage nonetheless. It's not entirely clear to me what you mean by "fallback option", but if it means that <code>isv</code> is interpreted as "<code>isv-Latn</code> unless specified otherwise", I'd be perfectly fine with that.<br />Of course, there will always be imperfections. For a person who only knows the Latin alphabet it will be difficult to correct a typo in the Cyrillic text, or even to expand it with Latin text. For now, I think we should stick to the principle that a page written in Cyrillic stays in Cyrillic, and ''tant pis'' if you can't handle Cyrillic. But honestly, I don't think that's much of a problem at the moment. Most Interslavic users can understand both alphabets, and I'm sure the problem of multi-script editing will solve itself at some point.<br />For the record, transliteration between Latin and Cyrillic is pretty straightforward. The only inconsistency is the '''њ/нј''' issue found also in Serbian, but that's a minor thing that can easily be solved. That still leaves us with a few issues addressed [[:meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Interslavic#Writing system related issues|here]] by @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]]. More specifically, s/he mentions the possibility of using not only the ex-Yugoslavia method for displaying Cyrillic, but also the Russian method (''лю'' instead of ''љу''). If I understand correctly that the source code looks like [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Editing_challenges_on_multi-script_wikis_%28with_speaker_notes%29.pdf#page=29 this], such a thing could easily be implemented. The question is: do we want that? And another thing is that some users persistently use the etymological orthography (''mųž'', ''krålj'', etc.). If the converter can be programmed in such way that <code>'ų' => 'у'</code> and <code>'у' => 'u'</code>, then that would be a nice thing to have as well. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:40, 10 January 2026 (UTC) == Транслитерација со Јапонского == Поздрав! Какобы толико в източнословјанскых йезыках хирагану し / катакану シ транслитерујут како си/si. В вечинству језыков (вкључајучи словјански) пишут ши/shi/ši. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], може измєнити то [[Kacusika Hokusaj|сде]] на "Kacušika Hokusaj" або на "Kacušika Hokusai"? Како мыслите? --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 20:09, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Pozdrav, Murade, nazva ''Kacusika Hokusaj'' byla uže raněje v spisu potrěbnyh člankov, zato ja jesm to ostavil. Možno jest izdělati re-direkt na na ''Katsušika Hokusaj'' i to bude izobražati se na stranice. Tutčas, obratno, ja jesm prědělal vse japonske slova v članku na "''si''", "''dzju''", "''dzjo''" vměsto "''ši''", "''džu''", "''džo''" (Hepburnovo romaji ''shi'', ''ju'', ''jo''), i t.d. da by vsečto bylo v jednom standardu, ili možem to vratiti i ostaviti, kako bylo, s koristanjem jedino romaji transkripcije bez jej prěvoda do kirilicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:55, 12 January 2026 (UTC) Po mojemu mněnju to ne jest dobry pomysl. Nakoliko ja znaju, toj spisok potrěbnyh člankov sdělal Lev, a on vse bazoval na russkoj transkripciji. Problem jest v tom, že ta transkripcija jest osnovana na principu, že v russkom suglasky prěd '''и''' i '''е''' sut avtomatično palatalizovane. Izgovor '''シ''' i '''チ''' zaisto zvuči bolje kako poljske {{-|'''ś'''}} i {{-|'''ć'''}} neželi kako russke '''ш''' i '''ч''', ale v medžuslovjanskom to ne rabotaje tako. Sdělal jesm tabelku s někojimi problematičnymi znakami i uvidite, že daže ukrajinsky i srbsky koristajut '''ш''' i '''ч'''. Pozrite tu (poslědnji stolp jest moje prědloženje za medžuslovjansky): {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" style="text-align:center;" ! jap. !! ang. !! čes. !! rus. !! ukr. !! srb. !! isv |- | サ || sa || sa || са || са || са || sa / са |- | シ || shi || ši || си || ші || ши || ši / ши |- | シャ || sha || ša || ся || шя || ша || ša / ша |- | タ || ta || ta || та || та || та || ta / та |- | チ || chi || či || ти || чі || чи/ћи || či / чи |- | ツ || tsu || cu || цу || цу || цу || cu / цу |- | チャ || cha || ča || тя || чя || ча/ћа || ča / ча |- | ニャ || nya || nja || ня || ня || ња || nja / ња |- | ワ || wa || wa || ва || ва || ва/уа || wa / ва |- | ザ || za || za || дза || дза || за || za / за |- | ジ || ji || dži || дзи || джі || ђи || dži / джи |- | ジャ || ja || dža || дзя || джя || ђа || dža / джа |- | ダ || da || da || да || да || да || da / да |- | ヂ || ji || (dži) || (дзи) || (джі) || ђи || dži / джи |- | ヅ || zu || (zu) || (дзу) || (дзу) || зу || zu / зу |- | ヂャ || ja || (dža) || (дзя) || (джя) || (ђа) || dža / джа |- ! colspan="7" | razširjena katakana |- | ス || su || su || су || су || су || su / су |- | スィ || si || (si) || сы || (сі) || (си) || si / си |- | テ || te || te || тэ || те || те || te / те |- | ティ || ti || (ti) || ти (ты) || ті || ти || ti / ти |} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) : Одлично табло! Але по мојему мнєнју ако измєнити za / за на dza / дза (и zu / зу на dzu / дзу) тогды је было бы фонетично идеално (не по Поливанову и не по Хепберну оногдашње). --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 18:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, jesm tako(d)že suglasny [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:05, 12 January 2026 (UTC) == Remaining issues == Dear all, since it probably won't be long now before our Interslavic Wikipedia will finally be approved, there are still a few issues to be resolved. {{Ping|Ilja isv|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} Your attention please! === Transliteration === First of all, there's the issue of transliteration, see above under [[Incubator:Krčma#Prědustavjeno pismo]]. The system used by the Serbian Wikipedia has the advantage that we can have the same article both in Latin and Cyrillic without having to resort to back-transliterations. In other words, we won't be forced to write "Džorž Buš" instead of "George Bush" in the Latin alphabet to avoid Cyrillic transliterations like "Георге Бусх". At present, transliteration is taken care of with JavaScript in [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.js MediaWiki:Common.js]. When we move to the system used by the Serbian Wikipedia (which IMO is the only sensible solution, see above), the same transliteration rules should be transferred to whatever system they use there, preferably with a few additions: '''bidirectional:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" | a || b || c || č || d || e || ě || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || lj{{FN|*)}} || m || n || nj{{FN|*)}} || o || p || r || s || š || t || u || v || y || z || ž || ä || ö || ü |- | а || б || ц || ч || д || е || є || ф || г || х || и || ј || к || л || љ || м || н || њ || о || п || р || с || ш || т || у || в || ы || з || ж || ӓ || ӧ || ӱ |} '''unidirectional Lat &rarr; Cyr:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | á || å || a || ć || ď || đ || ė || è || é || ę || í || ľ || ĺ || ł || ń || ň || ȯ || ò || ó || qu || ŕ || ř || ś || ť || ú ||ų || ů || w || x || ý || ź || ż |- ! to | а || а || а || ч || д || дж || е || е || е || e || и || л || л || л || н || н || о || о || о || kv || р || р || с || т || у || у || у || в || кс || ы || з || ж |} '''unidirectional Cyr &rarr; Lat:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | ґ || ѓ || ђ || ѣ || ё || ѕ || і || ї || й || ќ || ћ || ў || џ || щ || ъ || ь || э || ю || я |- ! to | g || dž || dž || ě || jo || dz || i || ji || j || č || č || v || dž || šč || — || — || e || ju || ja |} {{FNBox|Note: {{FNZ|*)|I don't know if there is a way to distinguish between Љ (LJ) and Љ (Lj), but since fully capitalized text is rare, I guess Љ &rarr; Lj and Њ &rarr; Nj will do.}} }} === Alphabetical order === Another thing is the alphabetical ordering of articles in, for example, categories. The current situation is that Cyrillic letters absent in Russian – like Є, Њ and Ј – come before А. It is necessary that the right alphabetical order is followed, which preferably should also include letters not used in Interslavic but used in other Slavic languages, as they may appear in categories as well: '''Latin:'''<br /> <big>'''a''' á ä ą å '''b c''' ć '''č d''' ď '''e''' é è ė ę '''ě f g h i''' í '''j k l''' ł ľ ĺ '''lj m n''' ń ň '''nj o''' ò ó ȯ '''p''' q '''r''' ŕ ř '''s''' ś '''š t''' ť '''u''' ú ů ų '''v''' w x '''y''' ý '''z''' ź '''ž''' ż</big> '''Cyrillic:'''<br /> <big>'''а б в г''' ґ '''д''' ђ ѓ '''е''' ё '''є''' ѣ '''ж з''' ѕ '''и''' й і ї '''ј к л љ м н њ о п р с т''' ћ ќ '''у''' ў '''ф х ц ч''' џ '''ш''' щ '''ы''' э ю я</big> === Dates === * The standard format for dates is: <code>dd.mm.yyyy</code> * In dates, month names should always be in the genitive case. Although these genitives are defined on translatewiki.net, that doesn't seem to work in the Recent changes, Watchlist etc. === Numbers === When a number is followed by a noun, the corresponding case differs: * 1: nominative singular (1 dom) * 2–4: nominative plural (2 domy) * 0 and 5–19: genitive plural (5 domov) * all higher numbers ending with 1: nominative singular (101 dom) * all higher numbers ending with 2–4: nominative plural (102 domy) * all higher numbers ending with 0 or 5–9: genitive plural (100 domov, 105 domov) === Namespaces === {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! colspan="2" | Namespace || colspan="2" | Talk |- ! English || Interslavic || English || Interslavic |- | (main) || (glavny) || Talk || Besěda |- | User || Koristnik || User talk || Besěda koristnika |- | Wikipedia || Vikipedija || Wikipedia talk || Besěda vikipedije |- | File || Fajl || File talk || Besěda fajla |- | MediaWiki || MediaWiki || MediaWiki || Besěda MediaWiki |- | Template || Šablon || Template talk || Besěda šablona |- | Help || Pomoč || Help talk || Besěda pomoči |- | Category || Kategorija || Category talk || Besěda kategorije |- | Portal || Portal || Portal talk || Besěda portala |- | Module || Modul || Module talk || Besěda modula |- | Gadget || Gadžet || Gadget talk || Besěda gadžeta |} I hope I haven't forgotten anything! === The code ISV === * In interwiki links, the language should appear as: <code>Medžuslovjansky / меджусловјанскы</code> * The English name of the language is "Interslavic". * There still appear to be issues with the language code <code>isv</code>. In Babel boxes, for example, <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> work, but <code>isv</code> does not. * I guess using <code>isv</code> shoud have a fallback sequence to <code>isv-Latn</code>, as [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] suggested. === Transliteration once more === ''Theoretically'' it will be possible to add unidirectional solutions to additional writing systems, like Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. Personally, I am not in favour of such a solution though. That's pretty much all I can think of. Comments? Suggestions? Opinions? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:51, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Finally! That is some great news. :All the points touched here make sense to me. :I am also against additional transliteration to either Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. It would add more confusion IMO. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:07, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :jesm popravil tabelu Namespaces [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:09, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::O, hvala za popravku, to je byla moja glupost! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:39, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi Jan, :Many thanks for this communication. :My idea of selective automatic both-way transliteration is as follows.<br />Now we have a template to block transliteration for a piece of text :<pre>{{-|text not to be transliterated}}</pre> :all it does only adding HTML tag :<pre>&lt;span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"&gt;text not to be transliterated&lt;/span&gt;</pre> :that is analized by transliteration gadget that ignores the text between tag borders. This tag can be also used "manually" when use of template is not possible due to wikitext syntax (e.g. text of hyperlink etc.), so we have more or less two tools to control transliteration now. :I would propose to add one more template for selective transliteration, for example :<pre>{{LatCyr|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan Fransua|1}}</pre> :where:<br/> :''Jean-François'' - (obligatory parameter) text in original language in Latin script (name)<br/> :''Жан-Франсуа'' - (obligatory parameter) text in cyrillic (phonetical transliteration)<br/> :''Žan Fransua'' - (optional) phonetic latin<br/> :''1'' - (optional) when this is present, the name appears first time on the article and it could be displayed with phonetic latin in parentheses (could be useful when uncommon languages for the reader are used). :This template could work same way adding HTML class tags (these need to be created for original latin, cyrillic and phonetic latin). The translit script could be modified so it sees the tags and modifies text as per current isv graphic selection setting. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Examples |- ! Parameters !! lat/cyr !! Renders as |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа (Jean-François) |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || lat || Jean-François (Žan-Fransua) |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |lat |Jean-François |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |cyr |Жан-Франсуа |- |<nowiki>Györ|Дьёр|Ďjor|1</nowiki> |lat |Györ (Ďjor) |} :Would this proposal be of interest? :It would still require somepone to program the gadget and admin rights to place it on the wiki section. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:21, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Yes, this certainly makes sense. The language converter can easily be embedded in the current <tt><nowiki>{{-|...}}</nowiki></tt> template. Normally the language converter would expect something like:<br /><tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl:Жан-Франсуа }-</nowiki></tt>.<br />The remaining two fields can easily be handled in the template itself, I think. But on the other hand, the same functionality can also be achieved simply by using the same template twice: <tt><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}} {{-|(izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|(fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki></tt> If that's the case, then parameters 3 and 4 wouldn't even be necessary. One thing I'm not entirely sure about myself, is what happens when you open a page ''before'' picking an orthography. At that moment the system doesn't know whether the page is in Latin or in Cyrillic orthography. I *think* this is done by adding a third parameter: <tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl: Жан-Франсуа; isv: Jean-François }-</nowiki></tt> Anyway, the advantage of all this is that we won't immediately have to change all pages where it is used. In many cases the template is used for expressions that shouldn't be transliterated at all, like "{{-|Microsoft}}". Those cases won't be affected by the change at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 11:01, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan, yes, this could be the way to go. Still need some time to understand better the way the gadget works but would like to start trying soonest. Cheers, [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:53, 12 February 2026 (UTC) === Script === {{-|''(added a header for clarity)''}} :So, today is a great day as I tried first time the vibe-codng with Google AI mode to modify transliteration script. :My proposal is to use 3 classes that will be added by template (or manually) to mark 3 options of text. :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Latn">Jean-François</span></pre> :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Cyrl">Жан-Франсуа</span></pre> :<pre><span class="alphabet-isv">Žan-Fransua</span></pre> :Depending on user alphabet setting, only one of the three will be displayed.<br/> :Herewith the code that needs to be added to the script, in the very beginning, after description remark (starting line 9). :<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript" line="1" start="9"> /** This part is added by [[Koristnik:Ilja_isv]], vibe-coded with Google AI /** Sorry code is removed since it did not work in the end </syntaxhighlight> :@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], may I ask you to add this code to Common.js so we could test? It takes admin rights to modify the javascript. I can send the complete modified script file if this is easier, I have a backup of original Common.js for the case of failure and the tags for testing entered in the sandbox. Thanking you in advance for help, hope it will work. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::Unfortunately, being a test admin I do not have the rights to edit Common.js (I actually tried a while back, to no avail). Perhaps [[Koristnik:Iohanen]] can be of help here? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you Jan, will contact. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:19, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Jan, one more idea: we can also test changes at old Miraheze space, the gadget script is identical. Do you have admin rights there or do you know the admin? I do not even have a login. The script file there is called Gadget-alphabet.js: :::https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-alphabet.js :::Just someone will also need to make a test page with tags to see how it works. :::Many thanks. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Yes, I can modify the alphabet gadget on Miraheze. What exactly do you want me to do? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:21, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Hvala Jane, myslím, zajutra večer budu odpovědati, prěd tym uže ne budu iměti čas. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::I had a reply from Iohanen, hvala za kontakt, it is: ::::::https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Iohanen?markasread=2792850&markasreadwiki=incubatorwiki#c-Iohanen-20260224173800-Ilja_isv-20260224114000 ::::::Will follow up in 1-2 days [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 05:35, 25 February 2026 (UTC) :::::No need to do anything, thanks to Iohanen, we have now a workable and tested script. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:38, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :::I have modified the '''- '''template, it can have 2 parameters now. If there is only one parameter, this text will be excluded from transliteration. If there is a second parameter present, first parameter is considered Latin, second is considered Cyrilic. When we install updated gadget script, either one or the other will be displayed, depending on language setting. Default is Latin (if Lat./Cyr is a choice or no choice made yet). {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <pre>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</pre>|| <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> || <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</pre> || <pre>Jean-François</pre> || <pre>Жан-Франсуа</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</pre> || <pre>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</pre> || <pre>Джо Байден</pre> |} :::As we already have a perfectly working script (great thanks to [[Koristnik:Iohanen]]), I will ask administrators to install it and we have the problem solved. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:45, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:51, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi All, ::::Good news: the script and new templates are implemented and work. I will publish a tutorial shortest possible. Congratulations to all participants 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:27, 28 February 2026 (UTC) ::::<s>Bad news: does not work in the mobile version, both Cyrillic and Latin are displayed, which was not like that during tests.</s> <s>Next point to address.</s> Done, all works now. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:29, 28 February 2026 (UTC) === Approval === {{-|''(moving this to a separate section to avoid cluttering)''}} Where did you get the information that Wp/isv is about to be approved? On the discussion page, the Language Committee members are ignoring it again, but as soon as someone posted about another project, it immediately received a response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-98653-7|&#126;2026-98653-7]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-98653-7|talk]]) 21:08, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :I've been discussing the issue of the script converter with a member of the Language Committee, that's way. I know they could have approved our project already a year ago, but there's not much point in mulling over that now. I suggest we simply keep working on this wiki, approval will come by itself. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:37, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :: What kind of stories are you telling us? How many times has this happened? People are wasting their precious time on this instead of something more useful. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10102-52|&#126;2026-10102-52]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10102-52|talk]]) 13:57, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::LOL, login under your real name. Why are you even here? :::If you're feeling that you are wasting your time here, you know where the door is, right? I strongly encourage you to go and do something more useful. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 14:03, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Can't say I disagree. Negativity won't get us anywhere, that's for sure. Ultimately, we'll get there, and all the work we are doing here will soon end up in a real Interslavic wikipedia anyway, so it's definitely not a waste of time. And, if I may say so, complaining is a much bigger waste of time than actually contributing. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:45, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::: Look. It's a dead project; it only has four active users. Part of that is your fault, after all, you kept telling everyone the project was about to be approved (but it never happened). And I'll disappoint you a little: activity usually declines after a domain is created. I'd advise everyone to be more accepting of criticism. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10115-37|&#126;2026-10115-37]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10115-37|talk]]) 17:58, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Listen, brave man. If you want anyone to take your “criticism” even remotely seriously, you need to log in so we can see what your stake is and what you’ve actually contributed. Until then, you’ll simply come across as a troll or a saboteur. ::::::When we need your advice, we’ll ask for it. For now, you can tone it down and keep your advice to yourself. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:52, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::: Wikimedia has a [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal%20Code%20of%20Conduct universal code of conduct]. I recommend you read it. I've been following this project for several years, sometimes making anonymous edits. And I have the right not to register as long as Wikimedia Foundation projects allow this option. Your requests are rejected. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10259-25|&#126;2026-10259-25]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10259-25|talk]]) 20:07, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Too many recommendations for anonymous "editor", buddy. You're dismissed and free to go. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 21:36, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::All emotions aside, I don’t really understand your frustration about the situation or your negativity toward Jan. I’m pretty sure Jan was simply passing on to the community what he himself had been told. ::::::::I don’t think anyone involved in this project expects it to suddenly become hugely popular. For me, it’s about steady work and gradually onboarding new learners of Interslavic. ::::::::Personally, everything I write here — and everything I do in life — I do primarily for myself. I don’t expect large audiences or dramatic results. If you feel like you’ve wasted your time because you were expecting something bigger, maybe the issue isn’t the project itself but the expectations attached to it. ::::::::If exposure and visibility are what you’re looking for, there are platforms built exactly for that. Like TikTok for example. But this project has always been about consistent effort and long-term development, not instant recognition. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:31, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::And if you truly have such deep knowledge of the future and already know how everything is going to turn out, maybe you should try day trading. With that kind of foresight, you’d probably make millions — and then all the time you think you “wasted” on our small project would fade away like a bad dream. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:34, 15 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::That's right. Perhaps I've been premature with my assumptions, but they were not entirely without reason. First of all, we already met all the necessary requirements by October 2024 (five editors contributing regularly during a period of a few months + translated interface), and secondly, in January 2025 a member of the Language Committee confirmed that the project was ready for approval. Honestly, I have no idea why that still hasn't happened, and believe me, nobody feels more frustrated about this sluggishness than me. At first, I thought it was because of the label "constructed language", but given the fact that a wikipedia in Toki Pona was approved – even though it it's not even an auxiliary language and even though it wasn't even in the Incubator – that's can't really be the reason. And yes, of course I am disappointed that some active contributors haven't shown up for a long time. Neither do I understand why [[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] requested Interslavic Wikipedia on Meta and started this wiki on the Incubator, since he never contributed anything of substance afterwards. Still, no matter what, the best we can do is simply carry on. Showing that we *can* do it is precisely what the Incubator is meant for. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:01, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::And anonymous, you call this a dead project, but at the same time you noted yourself that other projects with less users and less content are being approved, so apparently it's not *that* dead after all. You say that we should be more accepting of criticism, but the point of criticism is to improve something, not to frustrate it. If you have ideas about how to improve this project, we are all ears, and if you care about this project, you are more than welcome to contribute. But if you don't, then I don't quite understand why you bother making these comments at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:03, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: I don't remember saying this, but I would have said the same thing. You need to clearly define your goal and determine whether it's achievable. If not, then move on to other goals. Here, it's like knocking on a closed gate. Sometimes they say something or wink, but the gate remains closed. I have ideas, but first you need to stop knocking on closed gates. It's really sad. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10286-28|&#126;2026-10286-28]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10286-28|talk]]) 11:38, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::I don't think it's like knocking on a closed gate. Look what happened with our ISO code. Our first two requests were rejected for stupid reasons and the third request took almost five years to be validated: first because they simply forgot about it, and then because it was stalled because they were reformulating their policies. It seems like they didn't quite know what do to with Interslavic, for example, whether they should qualify it as natural or a constructed language. So yes, I am kind of having a ''déjà-vu'' here. And again, I don't why it is taking them so long. The language itself shouldn't be the problem anymore, since its eligibility was established already in October 2024. My best guess is simply that the majority of the LangCom members are barely active, and that the remaining members are hesitant because of the extra work that needs to be done with regard to script conversion and the like. But ultimately ''upornost se izplati''. And anyway, it's not like we have an alternative here. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:37, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: There are alternatives. In fact, with the development of AI, Wikipedia's role is gradually diminishing. Just look at the statistics: activity is declining in many editions (for example, in Russian, but the situation is no better in other Slavic editions). The situation is only good in languages ​​with a large number of native speakers (English, Spanish, French). This project will ultimately be edited by a relatively small group of enthusiasts. If the project is for enthusiasts, work can be done anywhere (on other wiki projects, etc.) whithout frustration. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 14:26, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::The relationship between Wikipedia and AI is a problem in itself, but there's not much point in speculation about the future. Besides, following your logic, we might as well close all Wikipedias except the English one. You are right about one thing: if the Interslavic Wikipedia were purely intended for enthusiasts of Interslavic, Miraheze or whatever other wikifarm might do. But that's not the point. This wiki should serve as an additional source of information for Slavic speakers. The reason we need a separate Wikipedia project is that people can find it, for example via interwiki links. As long as it is stored here or in some wikifarm, nobody will be able to find it. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:05, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::: This isn't quite the correct continuation of my logic: sections don't need to be closed, but activity will gradually decline. They will remain as encyclopedias, but will be preserved (AI will take information from there for itself). As for whether people will be able to find this project through interwiki, that's doubtful; interwiki is badly presented in the current Wikipedia skin. It's easy to search there if you know exactly which language you need. But it's possible that some people will still find this project through interwiki. As a source of information, people prefer to read in their native language. What you said could have been expected 10-20 years ago. If they can't find information in their language, they'll translate it from the language in which it exists (most likely, English). The quality of translation in online translators is much better now. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 09:09, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::Good news. A thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia" has appeared on the Langcom Mailing List. I hope we get a positive response soon. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-17126-63|&#126;2026-17126-63]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-17126-63|talk]]) 20:12, 18 March 2026 (UTC) :::I'm really starting to get the impression that langcom is deliberately ignoring wp/isv. Jon Harald Søby created a thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia," but it received no response, either positive or negative. However, another thread appeared there and received an almost immediate response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18779-70|&#126;2026-18779-70]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18779-70|talk]]) 11:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::: That's true. But in reality, there are plenty of such threads. Someone wants approval, no one responds, or no one responds positively, and approval is delayed. Don't count on approval soon; it will be several years away. I especially don't recommend relying on the nearly dead Langcom.--[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18633-18|&#126;2026-18633-18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18633-18|talk]]) 11:30, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Years? Is it really that bad? What's the point of writing anything here if there will never be approval? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18861-96|&#126;2026-18861-96]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18861-96|talk]]) 13:56, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::: Honestly, I don't know why they're doing this. It's been clear many times that Langcom doesn't want to approve this project and will delay approval as long as possible. Sooner or later, this leads to burnout (maybe Langcom is counting on it). Note that Langcom hasn't offered any apologies or justifications, as if this is a normal situation. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18833-94|&#126;2026-18833-94]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18833-94|talk]]) 15:57, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ura! Sračky 😂 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 21:35, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Very good news! Other members of the language committee have responded, and it's safe to say that Interslavic Wikipedia is practically approved. All that's left is to leave a notification about the proposal being approved, and now all that's left is to create isv.wikipedia.org. Finally, it's isv's turn. Thank you for continuing to create articles and staying active. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31741-38|&#126;2026-31741-38]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-31741-38|talk]]) 03:13, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == Wiktionary == ''(moving this to a separate item to avoid cluttering)'' When we receive approval, will it automatically give us the option to create a Wiktionary for Interslavic, or do we need to apply for that separately? I already have some ideas and plans for it. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 15:45, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Setting up a separate Wiktionary would require a separate application process on [[m:Requests for new languages|Meta]]. Approval will probably come easier if Interslavic already has its own Wikipedia, though. Theoretically, you could also start creating a Wiktionary in the Incubator, here: [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/isv Wt/isv]. Yet I am wondering: what would be the point of a Wiktionary for Interslavic? We already have our multilingual dictionary at https://interslavic-dictionary.com/, and there's the same dictionary at http://steen.free.fr/interslavic/dynamic_dictionary.html. Keeping those two in line with each other is already quite a lot of work. Wouldn't it be better to keep all our eggs in one basket, instead of having even more dictionaries around? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:42, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::Well, in reality, I'm just experimenting. ::In theory, there is an automated or at least semi-automated way to add articles to Wiktionary straight from the dictionary database, so the labor part should not be that difficult. ::What I did is I've created a fork of the dictionary that is using the same database and did slight improvements to it's UI, so now you can compare multiple words at the same screen and you can also look up the Wiktionary article straight from the interface, just by pressing the hyperlink. Creating Interslavic Wiktionary obviously would allow me to add the links to Interslavic Wiktionary. ::Wiktionary by definition is something that anyone can edit, so: ::# People would add new words more easily (Yes, there is a problem with verifying if those words are good or not, but in general it would give more power to the community vs. now, when suggesting something to Interslavic dictionary seems more like a bureaucratic process rather than a community contribution). ::# People could modify articles about the words in Interslavic and add contexts, translations to their natural languages, usage examples, etc. (Think of https://context.reverso.net/) ::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:04, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::I've also revived the Slovnik Bot in Telegram and modified it a little bit, so it's also showing links to Wiktionary articles in corresponding languages. :::In theory, if people will add the use cases in Interslavic, this bot would be able to spit it out to users in Telegram. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::The slovnik fork is available here :::https://interslavic.forum/slovnik/ :::I'm still working on it, but it's pretty much done for now. :::It allows you to compare up to 4 words on the same screen and look up the Wiktionary articles for corresponding language. :::This is just something I'm constantly using in writing texts. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:10, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::In general, I'm just trying to integrate the existing infrastructure of Interslavic with what Wikipedia offers. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Well, I can certainly see the potential advantages of a Wiktionary. It could, for example, help in translating the dictionary into other languages. The thing is only that the official Interslavic dictionary is being worked on by a whole team of people. Errors are being corrected, new words are being added, and sometimes existing words are being replaced or simply kicked out. The problem with forked dictionaries is that sooner or later they will be obsolete. Besides, we can't have people adding stuff that hasn't been properly researched. That's why I am a bit hesitant here. But if you really want to try it, I cannot stop you, of course. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:50, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :This is a UI fork, mostly visual difference and additional features. It's connected to the same google document just as official dictionary. The only difference for now is that I've fixed individual declensions for some words (jejin, obědvě) (also I've committed the changes to official dictionary, it's just a matter for someone to approve the changes). :I'm not trying to create my own dictionary, but I'd like the work to go faster and I'd like to have a more participatory mechanism for the community. :Wiktionary would be a part of this mechanism. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:28, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Okay, we can of course give it a try. And like I said, I can surely see quite a few advantages of the idea. My only concern is, who is going to manage all this? Starting it in the Incubator is possible for sure, but if it's going to be a one-man show, it will probably stay there forever. Personally, I'd much rather we concentrate on Wikipedia now, which is already more than enough work. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:07, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::I'll try to see how far I can go with it. If I fail, I fail, no biggie. I promise I will keep writing here on Wiki :) [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:16, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I also do see potential in empowering people. When we know that our voice matters and we can affect something, it is in itself a very inspiring thing. I may be too naive and idealistic tho. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:21, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::[[Wt/isv/Main Page]] :::I've created the Main Page and in process of importing the words from the dictionary. :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], I was thinking translating some of your materials from English to Interslavic on word formation, voting machine, etc to create Help page, can I have your permission? :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] @[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] @[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] @[[Koristnik:Danvintius Bookix|Danvintius Bookix]] @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]] @[[Koristnik:Medžuslovjanin|Medžuslovjanin]] @[[Koristnik:Ferpaks|Ferpaks]] @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] @[[Koristnik:Aula Orion|Aula Orion]] @[[Koristnik:Panslav|Panslav]] @[[Koristnik:Orbitminis|Orbitminis]] @[[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] @[[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] @[[Koristnik:Plameniled|Plameniled]] @[[Koristnik:Miłosz Czaniecki|Miłosz Czaniecki]] @[[Koristnik:Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров]] @[[Koristnik:Qiorly|Qiorly]] @[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] @[[Koristnik:SzymonV|SzymonV]] @[[Koristnik:Asank neo|Asank neo]] @[[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] @[[Koristnik:Machine of goodness|Machine of goodness]] @[[Koristnik:Snovid|Snovid]] :::If anyone has any suggestions, I'd love to hear it. :::So far my plan is the followinɡː :::[[Wt/isv/Vikislovnik:Propozicija měseca#Dorabotati Vikislovnik]] [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 01:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi GlěbDyndar, I can see the Wiktionary already on the incubator, and found a nice side-effect for Wikipedia incubator: when editing in Visual mode, selecting a noun in Nominative or a verb in infinitive, and pressing Ctrl-K (to insert hyperlink) it also shows possible links to the Wiktonary, so this option could be used for spell checking 😎 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 13:40, 19 March 2026 (UTC) :::::That would be awesome! Having something to check spelling against is beneficial for the wiki. Yes, there is an official Interslavic Dictionary available, but it's not really built into Wikipedia, it would be really interesting to see it imported into the Wiktionary in its full extent and interconnected with the Wikipedia for spellcheck. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|contribs]]) 14:19, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: First of all, it's not that it takes up a lot of memory. Wiki projects use templates. A volunteer user who might want to edit Wiktionary doesn't need to know HTML and CSS. Learn to create templates first. The original wiki code, consisting almost entirely of HTML and CSS, is what we had in the past. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 16:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Да говно эти шаблоны, в эпоху ИИ от них толку мало, ебешься три года ради того, что ИИ напишет за секунду. А потом если нужно какую строчку добавить или убавить в карточке, снова нужно лезть в этот шаблон и выяснять что там к чему. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::все новое - это хорошо забытое старое) :::::::::Шаблоны были сделаны, чтоб облегчить жизнь тем, кто не может кодить. Сейчас кодить может каждый, соответственно шаблоны летят мимо. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:10, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: Whether it's good or bad, that's the way things are done in Wikimedia projects. So, don't blame anyone else. You can easily create your own beautiful wiki project without templates in the AI ​​era. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 10:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Да не переживай ты так, учитель) Разберусь, что мне делать. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 16:24, 15 May 2026 (UTC) == Sravniti vs. sravnjati vs. sravnivati == slovnik ima 'sravnjati' kak imperfect, ale iz mojego pogleda, bylo by razumněje pisati "sravnivati", ibo priblizno vse jezyky imajut dodatny slog v tutom slovu v imperfektu "sravnjati" za mene imaje smysl "uravnjati", "sdělati jednakovym", na angl. ''to level'' čto myslite? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Nu znaješ, "sravnjati" prosto jest regularno stvorjena nesovršena forma sovršenogo glagola "sravniti". V dolgoj historiji medžuslovjanskogo jezyka vsegda jesmo usilovali, že jezyk jest kako možno regularny. Zato ''-ati > -yvati'', a ''-iti > -jati''. Očevidno, byli by takože druge možnosti, napr. ''-ati > -avati'' iili ''-iti > -ivati''. Ale my jesmo izbrali te formy, ktore sut najbolje razprostranjene po slovjanskyh jezykah. Poněkogda te druge formy na indivualnoj osnově daže mogut byti lěpše, ale ne hočemo vvesti v jezyk veče neregularnostij, neželi sut potrěbne. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:01, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, Jane, ja dobro razuměm i pametam vaše pojasnjenje o logikě impf.-pf. glagolov v MS, ale čto ako li poněkogda stvorjajemo falšivyh prijateljev v ugodu regulardnosti? (rus. сравнять, čes. srovnat, pol. zrównać) ::Dodatno, regularnost v MS v tutom osobnom slučaju (iz moejgo pogleda) ide protiv naturalističnosti, ibo vse naturalne jezyky prědavajut semantiku "to be comparing" inym slovom. ::Russky срав'''ни'''вать, сопоставлять ::Bělorussky параўноўваць, зраў'''ноў'''ваць, супастаўляць ::Ukrajinsky порів'''ню'''вати, зіставляти, зрівнювати ::Poljsky porów'''ny'''wać ::Češsky srov'''ná'''vat, porov'''ná'''vat ::Slovačsky porov'''ná'''vať, zrov'''ná'''vať ::Hrvatsky srav'''nji'''vati, upoređivati ::Srbsky срав'''њи'''вати, упоређавати ::Makedonsky сравнува, споредува ::Bulgarsky срав'''ня'''вам ::"Sravnjati s zemjeju" — "Compare with Earth?" or "Level it to the ground"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:43, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Aha, razuměju. Da da, takom slučaju može lěpje bude ''sravnyvati'' (nesov.) i ''sravnati'' (sov.), a takože ''sravnanje'' zaměsto ''sravnjenje'' «comparison”, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:57, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Moje prědloženje": :::for the verb ''to compare: sravniti / sravnivati,'' ibo to odpovědaje logikě naturalnyh jezykov. :::for the verb ''to even, to level'' we already have ''poravniti'' (curiously, it's not ''por'''o'''vniti'', which would follow the logic you're explaining) :::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:13, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::''sravnjati'' možemo ostaviti, ale jedino v smyslu ''to even, to level'' [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:22, 14 February 2026 (UTC) == Websajt s katalogom i statistikoju == <nowiki>https://medzuslovjansky.onl/</nowiki> jesm stvoril maly websajt s vyše vizualnym kalalogom stranic i statistikoju može byti koristany kak onlajn biblioteka stvoril jego da by može byti takym obrazom uprostiti dostup obyčnyh ljudij do Viki i malost zainteresovati v napisanju člankov prošu, pišite vaši propozicije i myslji [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 17:32, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :myslju oddělno sdělati filtr za kategorij s prověrjenym pravopisom i dobry članok, da by možno bylo legko najdti teksty s dobrym MSom [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:11, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, to bylo by interesno. Myslju, že kategorija s prověrjenym pravopisom ne jest mnogo upotrěbima, ale može [[Incubator:Spisok najdolžejših stranic|tutoj spisok najdolžejših ćlankov]] jest? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::Už sdělal oddělny filtr, koj polazyvaje jedino članky so zvězdoju i s prověrjenym pravopisom. Myslju, to ne byla zla ideja i ja budu probovati dodavati toj šablon, kogda čitaju članky. :::Vo vkladke statistika možno odfiltrovati članky po dolžině, ale može byti sdělati oddělnu jarku vkladku "Najdolžejše članky"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:19, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, myslju, že to jest dobry pomysl. Mimohodom, može mogli byhmo uže dodati do dobryh člankov. Srěd mojih člankov, myslju, že napriklad [[Abhazsky alfabet]], [[Džok (pes)]] i [[Ҕ]] kvalifikujut se, ibo sut mnogo obširnějše, než jihne ekvivalenty na drugyh jezykah. Imajete li prědloženja? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::A nas budut prověrjati na odpovědnost kriterijam dobryh člankov? Ibo imajemo množstvo člankov vyše 10kb, koje libo už sut dost dobre (ale može byti ne sut take dobre, kak jihne analogy v inyh jezykah, ili prinajmenje v něktoryh), ale sut kratše, než v inyh jezykah. :::::I takože imajemo množstvo člankov menše než 10kb, ale koje takože sut mnogo dobre. :::::Večinstvo (ili vse) članky o kiriličnyh bukvah sut dobre na moj pogled, ale ne imajut trěbujemogo razměra. :::::@[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] napisal několiko dobryh člankov, ale on prosil prověriti pravopis za njim i ja byh dodal v jegove članky malost obrazov ili medija materialov, že by jih nemnogo oživiti (imajut prěmnogo teksta bez ničego vizualnogo) :::::@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] takože napisal dostatočno dobryh člankov [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:27, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Da da, jesm suglasny. Teoretično ne imajemo izrazne kriterije, toliko, že dobry članok trěbuje iměti někoju kritičnu masu. Granica 10K bajtov byla ustanovjena libovoljno, kogda na medžuviki iměli jesmo 20 člankov >10K, ale tutčas imajemo jih ok. 140. Dolgy ne avtomatično znači lěpši. Po mojemu mněnju, da by članok kvalifikoval se za uměščenje na glavnoj stranici: ::::::* jest bolje-menje kompletny o obgovarjaje vse aspekty (napr. članok o državě ne jest kompletny, ako nemaje ničego o ekonomikě, prirodě i t.d.). ::::::* imaje pravilny i prověrjeny pravopis ::::::* jest osnovany na prověrjenyh izvorah (znači, ne slěpo kopirovanyh iz drugyh viki) ::::::* ne jest toliko prěvod članka iz drugoj viki ::::::* kako možno, sodrživaje obrazky ::::::* kako možno, jest lěpši od ekvivalentah na drugyh slovjanskyh jezykah ::::::* prědmet ne jest prěmnogo niševy. ::::::Kromě togo, dobro by bylo, ako jest raznorodnost medžu člankami na glavnoj stranici. Tutčas imajemo ok. 20 dobryh člankov. Glupo bylo by, ako srěd njih byli 3 kirilične bukvy, ili 3 ukrajinski politiki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:51, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Dodati linky na spoločnosti v Dicord i TG na glavnoj stranici v menju == Tutčas poglednul i uviděl, že bulgarska vikipedija ima linky do spoločnostij v discord i tg na glavnoj stranici v menju, v lěvoj jegovoj česti. Može byti, my takože budemo dodati? https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:29, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :Ne znaju, imaje li smysl popularizovati toj Diskord, on ne imaje ničto občo s Viki projektom, i Jan tam ne jest. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:16, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Nove možnosti translliteracije - sdělano == Blagodare dobrym ljudam, pomagavšim izměniti skript, pojavili se nove možnosti transliteracije.<br/>Šablon '''-''' dostavaje novu funkciju: <br/>Tuty šablon upravjaje transliteracijeju, izključaje ju za fragment teksta (kogda koristaje se s jednym parametrom), ili pokazyvaje razny tekst za latinicu i kirilicu (variant s dvoma parametrami).<br/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</nowiki></code>|| <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Jean-François</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Жан-Франсуа</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Джо Байден</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu {{-|Roundhay|Раундхеј}}» (1888) {{-|[[Louis Le Prince|{{-|Louis Le Prince'a}}]]|[[Louis Le Prince|Луи ле Пранса ({{-|Louis Le Prince)}}]]}} — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu Roundhay» (1888) Louis Le Prince'a — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Сцена в саду Раундхеј» (1888) Луи ле Пранса (Louis Le Prince) — најраннєјши известны филм в хисторији.</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>V Providence’u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>В Провиденсу</nowiki></code> |} <br /> <s>Čto ješče ne rabotaje: v mobilnoj versiji bude vsegda pokazyvati i latiničny i kiriličny varianty. Na rěšenju rabotajemo.</s> Vsečto uže rabotaje! [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:15, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Odlično! Nu izvini, ale vse vrěme ne razuměju, začto jest toj drugy šablon. Takože možno jest pisati: <nowiki>{{-|Jean-François (izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|Žan-Fransua (fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki>, i rezultat bude taky sam, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Jego sdělal Iohanen za test, rěšil ostaviti 😊 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:43, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::vot test obohdvoh šablonov na živom članku https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:48, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Mene lično dopoka nemnogo ustrašaje ta razlika medžu latiniceju i kiriliceju, ko ktoroj prihodímo. Napriklad, jesm musel v jednom slučaju sklonjati kirilicu i ne sklonjati latinicu 😢 Tako prijdemo ko dvom jezykam. Možlivo, bysmo mogli prěporučovati koristanje tutoj možnosti toliko v izključiteljnyh slučajah? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:04, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::A v kakom slučaju trěba bylo sklonjati kirilicu? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:13, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Tut byl variant ::::v Red Hook / v Ред-Хуку, ale já jesm dopoka našel izhod: ::::v apartamentu v četvrti {-|Red Hook|Ред Хук} [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:18, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::ješče v Providence / в Провиденсу [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:24, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:32, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::myslím, že rěšenjem jest vo Providensu / во Провиденсу, v Red-Huku / в Ред-Хуку. Ale, Lovecrafta/Лавкрафта, zato že ime [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:31, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:35, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::nu to jest podobno russkomu jezyku, kogda koristajut se kusky latinicy [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:37, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Točno. A tamtyh slučajah: {{-|v Providence’u, v Red Hook’u}}. Koristajuči novy možnosti, možno daže: <code><nowiki>«V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u»</nowiki></code>: «V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u». {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:40, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::nu to uże diko jest: во Провиденс-цу? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:42, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Vo Providence'u/ во Провиденсу izgledaje kompromisno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:44, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::interesno, trěba izučiti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:52, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::Gaulle на выдумки хитра (russko prislovje) ☺️ [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Vsim pozdrav, ide obnovjenje skripta, transliteracija ne bude někaky čas rabotati. Prosim izviniti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 17:47, 5 March 2026 (UTC) :Tak, vsečto jest izrěšeno, uže rabotaje i na mobilu. Mnogo děkuju adminam Vikipedije, ktore mnogo pomogli. Ura 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 19:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC) ::Vidžu! Fantastično! Hvala vsim, ktori pomogli! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:20, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Originalne <s>imena ljudij</s> i iztvorov umětnostij kako nazvy člankov == <s>Ja jesm natolkl se na toj problem, že ne věm, kako dějati lěpše... Jest članok o Johnu R. R, Tolkienu, zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano anglijskym jezykom. Trěba li takym že sposobom stvorjati i nove članky? A kako pisati vnutri članka?</s> <s>Ješče jesm ugleděl, že v poljskom jezyku imena sklanjajut se po pravilam jezyka, ale pišut se kako v originalu. Či možno li togda vnutri članka pisati, napriklad, ''... u Johna Ronalda Reuela Tolkiena...''? Ne bude li togda to mrzko izgledati v kirilici ''... у Jохна Роналда Реуела Толкиена...''? Abo trěba vnutri članka flavorizovati?..</s> P.S. Pomilujte, ja jesm slěpec, jedino tutčas uviděl jesm v vrhu to, kak to možno sdělati. Ješče jedna věč: jest članok o «Vladaru prstenjev», zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano na anglijskom jezyku («The Lord of the Rings»). Trěba li jego prěimenovati na medžuslovjansky jezyk? Myslim, že trěba, bo na vsakoj Vikipedije nazvy knig prěkladajut se na glavny jezyk Vikipedije. Cělkovito ne razuměm, kako rěšati tuto pytanje, ačekoli mně se kaže, že jego už obgovarjali, ale ja ne vidim rezultatov, pomilujte. S považenjem, [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|talk]]) 07:38, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Da, nazvanja knig jest trěba prěkladati, TLOTR in particular ☺️ Nužno jest tuty članok prěimenovati/prěměstiti, čto ne jest trudno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:21, 3 May 2026 (UTC) ::Točno, lěpje jest prěvoditi zaglavja knig, filmov i t.d., ale takože imaje byti prěnapravjenje od originalnogo zaglavja. Jesm prěimenoval TLOTR v [[Vladar prstenjev]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:14, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == Approval! == Great news! Interslavic Wikipedia will soon be approved! Committee member Jon Harald Søby posted the approval notice on the Talk Language Committee page! Finally! Let everyone know if anyone doesn't know yet, and let Jan know too! Victory! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-35104-48|&#126;2026-35104-48]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-35104-48|talk]]) 18:12, 15 June 2026 (UTC) :approved! 🎉 [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36378-17|&#126;2026-36378-17]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-36378-17|talk]]) 15:14, 23 June 2026 (UTC) : Radostno! [[Koristnik:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Таёжный лес|besěda]]) 23:48, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Administratorstvo == Dragi! Dnes nakonec naša Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija byla stvorjena. Blagoželaju nam vsim i imaju naděju, že naš projekt bude postojanno rasti! Ja jesm byl administrator v Inkubatoru, a takože vo vsih prědhodnyh versijah medžuslovjanskoj viki (od 2007 g.). Na žalost, administratorstvo ne bylo prěneseno avtomatično iz Inkubatora, zato trěba mně tu oficialno kandidatovati se na administratora. Jest několiko věčij, ktore tutčas trěba bude sdělati bystro. Napriklad, vy isto pametajete, že skoro vse stranice iz Medžuviki byli kopirovane ručno – bez jihnyh historij, čto jest narušenje avtorskyh prav – i zato ja hoču je stopiti s novějšimi versijami. Kromě togo, vsegda jest potrěbny někto, ktory odstranjaje spam, vandalizm i tako dalje. Prošu, glasujte poniže! Sut slědujuče opcije: {{-|<nowiki>{{Za}}, {{Protiv}}, {{Nevtralno}} i {{Primětka}}</nowiki>}}. Ne zabudite dodati svoj podpis (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). S srdečnym pozdravom, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:50, 24 junij 2026 (UTC) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:09, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}: Razuměje se, Jan nas dovedl tu kde jesmo, ov projekt bez jegovogo děla ne by ni egzistoval. On zakladaje se mnogo i obhodi se s pravdivymi ambicijami. Nadějem se budemo iměti uspěšny prvy god na živoj Vikipediji! :) – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 00:19, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 03:01, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} i potrěbujemo izbrati ješče 2-3 admini ili podadmini [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 06:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} Jan nas dovedl tam, kamo jesmo potrěbovali, i kako najaktivnějši člen občiny si zasluži byti administratorom. --[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:49, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}}, očevidno. Velika hvala vsim — to jest naš obči uspěh! [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 17:53, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} očevidno, Jan je tvorec medžuslovjanskogo. [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 01:05, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # Разумєје се {{Za}} [[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:FitikWasTaken|besěda]]) 13:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} prisjedinjaju se k vsemu vyše skazanomu. [[Koristnik:Noncinque|Noncinque]]([[Besěda s koristnikom:Noncinque|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (UTC+6) :Dobry večer, někake novosti o izbranju adminov? Hvalim voprěd [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:57, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini === {{Ping|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} i ostatni, kogo jesm ne vspomnil tut, prosim nehtěl by někdo se stati vtorym i tretjim adminom, da by Jan ne tegnul vsečto sam? Prosim takože vsih glasovati, hvalim voprěd. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:23, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) 09:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :Ja ne věm, ako byh iměl na to dostatok časa, i ja o tom budu razvažiti. Ja dekuju za prědloženje. [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:57, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) ::Da, dobro bylo by iměto ješče jednogo ili dvoh adminov. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], može li ty se kandiduješ? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :::Možno, budu, ale by se htělo lěpših kandidatov. ({{-|BTW}} izčezlo "odgovoriti", to jesm ja něčto slomil?) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:21, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Ja mogu prijmati vaše prizvanje do administratorstva. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:35, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]]: Super! Togda sdělajte oddělno zaglavje, da byhmo ne komplikovali žitje administratorom na Meta. ;) {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:44, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hvala @[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], tako izdělajemo, ale htělo by ješče i někogo, kdo znaje, kako rabotaje Vikipedija lěpje, než ja ili @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i od kogo by bylo vyše koristi. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:03, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) Zdrav! Ako naša občina to želaje, mogu sebe nominovati za administratora i administratora interfejsa. Primarno se interesujem rabotati na tehničnoj infrastrukturě projekta: šablony, moduly, CSS, JS/gadžety, botovanje, i t.d. Administrativne prava dobro prihodet zaradi izčrkavanja i iziskyvanja, importovanja i prěměščanja specifičnyh stranic, iz-medžu ostalogo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:02, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :@[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]]: To bylo by odlično! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:05, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm uže administrator (interfejsa) na srbskohrvatskoj Vikipedije i bylo by mně milo prenesti něčto znalosti odonud ovamo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:11, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini - glasovanje === Kandidati na druge admini sut dva, @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] i @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]], oni ne sut konkurenti, adminami mogut byti obadva, jestli budut poddržani, prosim za ili protiv njih takože glasovati tut (ne zabezpametajte glasovati i za Jana vgorě) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ==== Vipz ==== @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo opytnogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} – ne znam dobro člověka [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 10:59, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. Věrim jegovomu slovu o znanju interfejsa — tute znanja sut nam potrěbne. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:37, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}, očevidno! Izkušeny koristnik, črěz dolge lěta byl administrator Medžuviki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:38, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:07, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... ==== Marcoorio ==== @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo motivovanogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:40, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 15:47, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:08, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 12:58, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... == Kolikost člankov na latinici i kirilici == Dragi prijatelji! Ja myslju, že oprědělenje "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju" ne odgovarja enciklopedičnosti. Prědlagaju stvoriti kategoriju, katalog po tipu Spisok člankov na latinici i na kirilici. Začto? Da by točno razuměti, koliko u nas materialov jest napisano na oboh grafikah. Poka čto u nas sut tendencije k umenšenju pisanja člankov na kirilici. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 23:10, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :A či jest li potrěbno tuto ukazanje? Imajemo translitiraciju, zatom, na moj pogled, ne jest potrěbno ukazyvati, koliko člankov sut na kirilici/latinici. Takym tvrdženjem možemo odstrašiti tyh, kto znaje kirilicu i ne znaje latinicu (ako taki sut) abo někako inako prinesti zlu myslj, ale, očevidno, ju ne imajemo. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm obratil uvagu na fakt, že v članku "Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija" jest privedena taka informacija: "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju", ale ne ima spiska člankov po kirilici i latinici. Zato jesm pomyslil, že jest enciklopedično ukazovati točnu informaciju [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:52, 26 junij 2026 (CEST). Дља статистикы буде интересно. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Kako oprěděliti, latinica ili kirilica, bot/skript musi uděliti toliko tekst iz članka i sčitati latinične i kirilične bukvy? Napriměr, jestli vyše 70% teksta sut kirilične bukvy, on jest kiriličny? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 13:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :: А сут много чланков, кде оба писма? Вообче, по мојему мнєнју то пытанје технично. Просто, интересно, направду, кака у нас тутчас статистика. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:14, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Mnogo lingvističnyh člankov imajut kirilične tablicy, priměry teksta, kako Mansijsky jezyk i td. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:19, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Ili prosto, tekst s kiriličnymi nazvami razdělov jest kiriličnym 8-) Ako li sut razděly [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:22, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Za statistiku bylo by interesno, ale ja ne myslju, že taka kategorizacija jest potrěbna. Kromě togo dodavanje i poddrživanje tyh kategorij bude mnogo raboty. Někoj čas tomu nazad jesm prosto občislil, koliko iměli jesmo člankov na kirilici i latinici na osnově zaglavij (ne včisleči mojih člankov o kiriličnyh bukvah, ktore byli napisane latiniceju). Togda to bylo okolo 1/3 kirilice i 2/3 latinice. Kako to izgledaje tutčas, ja ne znaju. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 15:56, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm napravil osnovnu prověrku: v tutom momentu, 1,072 odnosno {{round|70.993377}}% nadpisov je na latinici, a 438 odnosno {{round|29.006623}}% vsih nadpisov na kirilici. Imějuči na umu različne dolžiny člankov, {{Round|88.523968}}% vsego teksta napisano je na latinici. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 16:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jestvuje že algoritm, ktory čisli kolikost člankov pravilno? A ako prosto načeti označovati članky kategorijami "Članok napisany kiriliceju" / "Članok napisany latiniceju", tako takože možno stvoriti po priměru togo algoritma algoritm, ktory v kategorijah bude čisliti članky. Ili sčitati ručno, s pomočju kategorij. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 16:44, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Razděljenje Krčmy == Dragi kolegi, hčemo razdvojiti [[Vikipedija:Krčma]] na několiko tematičnyh odděljenij? Za početok: Pravila i směrnice; Tehnika (ili Tehnične kvestije/pytanja); Jezyk i pravopis (ili Jezyčne kvestije/pytanja); Noviny. Tak možemo razbrěmeniti centralnu stranicu Krčmy i ulegšati slědovanje diskusij kogda-libo egzistuje potrěba diskutovati mnogo prědmetov jednočasno. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 14:23, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) : Јесм согласны. Але, по мојему мнєнју новины не трєба оддєљати од централној Крчмы. Лєпје јих видєти разом на централној. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:41, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Či ne lěpje li arhivovati stare diskusije? Krčma jest velmi těžka tutčas, ale imaje byti "{{-|village pump}}", selskoju studnoju, kde obgovarjaje se vsečto [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Dalšo pytanje, imajemo v menu "Portal občiny", čto nikuda ne vede. Imaje tam býti link do Krčmy? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:32, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm arhivoval stare poslanja v Krčmě. Pozdněje hoču takože dodati starějše sodržanje Krčmy na Medžuviki do arhiva, ale tutčas to ješče ne jest možno. ::Čto se tyče razdvojenja krčmy, ja ne jesm uvěrjen, jest li to smyslno. Imajemo tu može 10–20 aktivnyh učestnikov i obyčne sut samo dva ili tri aktivne prědmety na měsec. Napriklad, v maju bylo samo 14 pravok, a v aprilju 4. Ako tu bude zaisto mnogo aktivnosti, togda možno bude pomysliti o razdvojenju, ale v medžučasu ja byh ostavil Krčmu taku, kaka ona jest. Očevidno budut avtomatične poslanja na anglijskom jezyku od fondacije Wikimedia, ktore po mojemu mněnju možno bude arhivovati do oddělnogo arhiva. ::A Portal občiny... jest li nam on potrěbny? Ja by na tom město sdělal link do Krčmy, ale k tomu bude potrěbny administrator. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:05, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:20, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Jesm mněval, tutčas jesmo oficialna Vikipedija, itak bude mnogo vyše raboty i, slědovateljno, diskusije. Kogda avtomatične, masivne poslanja budut početi, one nas budut zakopati. Brda inojezyčnyh poslanij umějut dokladati tako zvanomu '{{-|[[:en:banner blindness|banner blindness]]u}}'. Tutošnje poslanja togda budut menje primětne, čto može pobudžati deficit lokalnoj aktivnosti. Jedno rěšenje jest arhivacija, nu časom ne budemo htěti arhivovati recentne poslanja. Drugo rěšenje jest čekati, viděti i onogda rěšati. Jesm oprěděljeny za koju-nebud opciju. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 08:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Pozdrav, Jane, čto jestli prosto dati vněšni link na kavárnu Medžuviki prěd linkom na arhiv na početku stranice? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:30, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja ne mnju, že Portal občiny ima vesti na Krčmu, na češskoj Vikipediji to napriměr vede na [[:cs:Wikipedie:Portál Wikipedie|tutu stranicu]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 19:24, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::@[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]]: Da da, ja znaju, ale češska Vikipedija jest veliky projekt. Menše viki često ne imajut taky portal, ili samo někaky kratky tekst ili prěnapravjenje na [[Vikipedija:Čto Vikipedija ne jest]]. Nyně my imajemo prěmalo stranic za taky portal, ale može poprobujemo stvoriti nečto, li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:55, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm samo daval priměr. Portal občiny ne jest besěda občiny. Ale v budučnosti možemo něčto takovogo izrabotati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:49, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) == Vikidane == Pozdrav. Kako toliko na Vikidane dodadut jezyčny kod <code>isv</code>, bude trěba tutu stranicu na Vikidane [[d:Q16503|dodati]]. Možno jest, že to za nas izdělajut administratori Vikidanyh, ibo ja jesm na besědě stranice kako ne prijavjeny koristnik napisal zajavjenje o dodanje (ja jesm byl v rabotě). Jednako bude poslě potrěba priložiti takože vsake članky. Česti se mogu prijeti tako ja, ale sam ja na to ne staču. Tyseč člankov jest mnogo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:51, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Nám oběčali sut, že to sdělaje robot (možlivo) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 08:52, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Možlivo v budučnosti, kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, ale nyně ne jest možno kako by robot funkcionoval bez dodanogo koda. Itak, robot bude potrěbovati čestičnu pomoč od koristnikov, ibo ne vse bude podojdti izrabotati avtomatično. Ače, umětna inteligencija by možno mogla tako isto funkcionovati. Ale kto bude priučati umětnu inteligenciju? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:20, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Administracija Viki nam to oběčaje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Da, to jest možlivo. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm chčel se zapytati. Kako jest tuta stranica povezana s drugymi stranicami na inych jezyčnyh verzijah? To ne jest izdělano skroz Vikidane, ibo tako Vikidane ne imajut naš jezyčny kod, daže to ne jest izdělano skroz interviki, ili ja jesm to ne ugledal? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:35, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::Ja už jesm to našel. Tehničny šablon <code><nowiki>{{INTERWIKI}}</nowiki></code> iz {{š|Zaglavje krčmy}}. Kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, tuten tehničny šablon ne bude jest zapotrěbny. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:46, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Tak 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::::Hvala. Tako jest, ja jesm izrabil šablon {{š|Šablon}} (kratky link {{š|Š}}), kako isto tehničny šablon dlja ostavjanja inyh šablonov. Tuten šablon bude jest potrěba praviti dlja različenja imennyh prostorov i zablokovanja linka veduči na ne egzistujuče stranice. Tutčasna verzija jest velmi prosta. Tako jest, tuten šablon tutčasno ne uměje parametry. Tako isto, to bude potrěba dodati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:21, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :V vslědnyh dnah bude naš jezyčny kod <code>isv</code> dodany do Vikidanyh, kako jest viděti [[phab:T430419|tu na Fabrikatoru]]. Hvala adminam Fabrikatora. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 09:00, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) :The change has been merged and will be deployed on Wednesday during MediaWiki Train [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 16:33, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:45, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Velika hvala. Thank you. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:08, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Hi, it is Wednesday, where are we? Many thanks [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:55, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Nothing yet, but if there's one thing I have learned from the whole process that led to the creation of this wiki, it's patience. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:41, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) == Translations == Hi! Zdravo! Lately I have been translating special pages and namespaces. I noticed that an Interslavic Wikipedia was created (since I am from Ukraine myself) and I was very happy. So, I want to offer localization for this Wiki, all I need is a list of the necessary special pages and namespaces with their translation. If translation is still needed, then tag me under the list. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:31, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hi, sorry this is already done I believe. Thank you anyway 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:36, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::This about links. For example: Special:AllPages — Specialna:Vse stranice. And also translating for other non translated special pages (BlockedExternalDomains for example) [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:42, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Na tom uže někdo tuž rabotaje, ale možlivo Jan tebe odepíše [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:43, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Maybe the "Special" namespace still needs translation, and the individual links to the special pages. The view name of the pages are already translated, or should be at least. But links and the namespace itself are still in English. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) == Kako jest slovo "pěskovišče" kategorizovano? == Ja jesm pytam, či jest slovo "pěskovišče" roda mužskoho ili srědnogo? Ja jesm ne našel tuto slovo v [https://interslavic-dictionary.com/ medžuslovjanskom slovniku], ktory ja upotrěbjaju na odgovory i ine pravky. V češskom jezyku tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo, tak samo ja mnju, že tako samo tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo tako v medžuslovjanskom. Ale ja znaju, že to ne jest vsegda pravda. Napriměr, slovo "šablon" jest roda mužskogo v medžuslovjanskom jezyku, ale to samo jest roda ženskogo v češskom jezyku. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:51, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Vse imenniky na '''-o''' (poslě tvroj suglasky) i '''-e''' (poslě mekkoj suglasky) sut srědnjego roda. Slova na '''-išče''' v občem označajut město. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:12, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Tako jest slovo "město" roda srědnjego, da? Togda pěskovišče musi byti roda srědnjego kako město, da? Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 20:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :ono jest [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 20:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm zabyl, odprašaju se. Tako hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:14, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) d5204lybp8zuv6ge2yr47cjr0539w8d 27794 27793 2026-07-01T22:43:14Z Ilja isv 10 /* Vikidane */ Odgovor 27794 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Zaglavje krčmy}} <!--- Napišite svoje soobčenje niže ---> == Link na Diskord-server na Glavnoj stranici == Na Glavnoj stranici tut: Ако вы имајете какеколи пытан​ја, проблемы, примєткы или прєдложен​ја, поставите јих в '''[[Incubator:Krčma|крчмє обчины]]''' или [https://discord.gg/nhRuYAc5Uq нашем Дискорд-серверу]. Diskord-link vede na server Safronowiec, ktory uže malo čto imaje občo s MS i vikipedijeju. Imaje li smysl jego izmeniti na aktualny MS Diskord? Ili takože dodati link na Telegram-čat? Velika hvala. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 06:45, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] – Čestno govoreči, ja ne jesm na Diskordu i ne znaju te servery. Jest li tam někaka grupa, ktora specifično zajmaje se MS Vikipedijeju? Ako ne, može bylo by lěpje dodati link k grupě na Telegramu. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:39, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, možno dati link na tuty razdel Diskorda, gde diskutuje se rabota na Vikipedii ::[[discord:channels/879438774323535914/1284479085871104075|• Discord | "Medžuslovjanska Wikipedija" | Medžuslovjansky • Меджусловјанскы • Interslavic]] ::či takože na telegram https://t.me/interslavic_wikipedia, ale myslim by bylo dobro prěd tym zapytati tamnogo admina ili vlastnika. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:13, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :::Grupa na Telegramu jest nemnožko aktivnějša, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:28, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Takože jestvuje stary Diskord-server za Medžuviki: https://discord.gg/Yp5QfFCPny, ktorogo vodil Lev. Oboje dnes neaktivny. Jestvuje li potrěba iměti sobstveny Diskord-server za Vikipediju? Forum-nit ne jest mnogo primětna. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 09:35, 6 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, tam ješče někto byvaje iz redaktorov, dodam tuty link do glavnoj stranicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:58, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Prědustavjeno pismo == Zdrav surabotniki! Jest nužno organizovati (povtoriti) razpravu o preferovanom pismu medžuslovjanskoj Vikipedije na domenu Fundacije Vikimedija, da byhmo iměli osnovu za tehničnu rabotu ktora odnese se na naše jezyčne kody <code>isv</code>, <code>isv-Latn</code>, and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> na Fabrikatoru ({{-|phabricator.wikimedia.org}}). [https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEuviki:Kavarnja#Vikipedija_na_med%C5%BEuslovjanskom Diskusije organizovane na sajtu Miraheze] – na Fabrikatoru oni ne uvažajut. Slědovateljno otvarjaju ovu diskusiju: ktoro pismo preferujemo i začto? – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 08:58, 9 January 2026 (UTC) Hey Vipz, I'll respond in English, so that members of the Language Committee will be able to follow this conversation as well. A few months ago, I went through all articles we have, and found that about 2/3 of our articles use the Latin alphabet and 1/3 use Cyrillic. Although I am not active on social media myself, I have the impression that the situation there is similar: the majority uses Latin, but a sizeable minority uses Cyrillic. Since Latin and Cyrillic being equal is one of the main design criteria of Interslavic, the conclusion is simple: it should be possible to use both alphabets, and they should, ''as far as possible'', be served equally well. In other words, we need a bidrectional script converter. I've been looking around a bit and found ca. 20 Wikipedia editions that work with some kind of script converter: * Our own converter runs on Javascript and has three options: the source page (Lat/Cyr), the Latin transliteration and the Cyrillic translation. It has the advantage that the system remembers the preferred script of the user, apparently by means of a cookie. In mainspace articles, this converter only transliterates the text, but not the page name and not the categories. On category pages, it transliterates the titles of the articles and subcategories it contains, as well as system messages like "Тхе фолловинг 4 пагес аре ин тхис цатегоры, оут оф 4 тотал." The only established Wikipedia with a converter that works like this is [[:got:|Gothic]]. * [[:sr:|Serbian]], [[:uz:|Uzbek]], [[:ku:|Kurdish]], [[:chr:|Crimean Tatar]], [[:iu:|Inuktitut]] and [[:shi:|Tachelhit]] have PHP-based converters with the same three options (f.ex. source, Lat., Kir.). Information about the script is contained in the URL. The system does not remember one's preferred script, so when a page is opened, it is always the source text that is displayed first. This converter also converts the page title and the categories it is in. On category pages it does the opposite from our current converter: it transliterates the page title and the categories it is in, but not the titles of the pages and the subcategories it contains. * [[:sh:|Serbocroatian]], [[:tg:|Tajik]], [[:tly:|Talysh]] and [[:zgh:|Amazigh]] have PHP-based converters with two only options (for example: Latinica/Ћирилица). As I've understood, these converters are unidirectional, so that all pages must be written in the same script. For the rest, they work the same as Serbian. * The Chinese ones (zh, wuu, gan, zh-yue) seem to work like either Serbian or Serbocroatian, but since I can't read Chinese, I haven't taken any closer look at them. * [[:tt:|Tatar]] and [[:cv:|Chuvash]] have one or sometimes two buttons next to the page name. Everything is transliterated, even the menu on the left. Appears to run on JavaScript. * [[:ban:|Balinese]] has no less than five variations, but I can't quite figure out how it works. It seems like it shows some transliteration version by default, but I'm not sure about that. * [[:mni:|Meitei]] offers transliteration into Bengali script, but that works only for the categories underneath a page and the first letters on category pages. * [[:cu:|Church Slavonic]]: every page has three links for three different script variants (including Glagolitic), but they don't seem to work anymore. [[:ang:|Anglo-Saxon]] has a similar thing that actually works. * Another five projects (ug, bug, hak, bbc, gom) have multiple scripts but instead of a converter they sometimes contain multiple versions of the same article, for example [[:bug:Balanda]]. We have done that too in the beginning, but it's way too high-maintenance to be workable. I've been told that JavaScript is considered a bad idea, because it doesn't work properly in Wikipedia apps for cell phones. This means that we need to use the PHP solution, and since we need the converter to be bidirectional, our only option is the solution used for Serbian. This does, however, have a few disadvantages: # It transliterates page titles, which is not always what we want. This shouldn't be problematic though, since the page title can be manipulated with a template, for example here: [[:sr:З (слово ћирилице)]] # However, it also transliterates the names of categories, which means that Latin and Cyrillic articles are all tossed into the same category. Articles names are listed there untransliterated. This is problematic, because we must consider that not every Latin-writing person can read Cyrillic, and not every Cyrillic-writing person can read the Latin alphabet. # Even if a category full of articles written in the Latin alphabet is transliterated into Cyrillic, it does not only show them in the Latin alphabet, but also in the alphabetical order of the Latin alphabet. # A user who prefers one of the two alphabets has to change it manually for each and every page. So here's my own preferred solution, if possible: # It can work exactly like the converter on Serbian Wikipedia does, except for one thing: it should NOT transliterate category names. # Instead, we have parallel categories for Latin and Cyrillic. Every article written in the Latin alphabet is placed in Latin categories and has a redirect in Cyrillic, which is placed in the Cyrillic counterparts of these categories. Articles with titles that cannot be transliterated, like [[Microsoft]] or [[Ж]], can be placed in both categories. This is, basically, the current situation. It has the advantage that every article can be found by navigating though the categories, and that they are placed in the correct alphabetical order (which for Cyrillic is different from the Latin order). # I am aware of the fact that this solution is not perfect: a Cyrillic user who follows a Cyrillic redirect will still end up with a Latin article in Latin categories, even if he switches to Cyrillic. This cannot be helped, I'm afraid. UNLESS it would be technically possible that the categories under a Latin article link to Latin categories, and the categories under a Cyrillic article to their Cyrillic equivalents. Would such a thing be possible? # It is not a matter of life or death, but it would be nice if a user's preferred orthography could be stored in a cookie, so that he/she won't have to change the orthography manually every time. This would be a nice-to-have. There are a few other issues, too, but I'll get back to that later. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:57, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan! This is a very insightful and nuanced reply. The issue of not having a default script on multi-scipt Wikimedia projects affects editors more so than readers. As of 2026, multi-script editing is, unfortunately, nothing more than a seldom mentioned concept ([https://diff.wikimedia.org/2018/03/12/supporting-languages-multiple-writing-systems/ Diff 2018 community blog article]; [[:c:File:Editing challenges on multi-script wikis (with speaker notes).pdf|Wikimania 2017 presentation]]). Some editors are less proficient or efficient with one of the scripts, and many do not know one or the other at all, and will therefore be uncomfortable editing articles in the said script. Until multi-script editing becomes a reality, having a default script is an option to be considered; whether it is a sensible sacrifice—to the benefit of one group (a majority) and detriment of the other (a minority)—is subjective, but alas. The other thing which concerns designation of a default script are fallback choices: <code>isv</code> should ''probably'' have a fallback sequence to one of the scripts, which ''could'' solve the issue of the system not recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv isv]</code> while recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Latn isv-Latn]</code> and <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Cyrl isv-Cyrl]</code>. In other words, we ought to support <code>isv</code>, but it makes no sense to translate it separately from <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code>, unless we intend to have an unwieldy and hideous solution to not favoring one or the other – by including them both in every localized interface, namespace, or message element. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 10:07, 10 January 2026 (UTC) ::Well, I think we shouldn't be over-zealous, but on the other hand, it's been almost twenty years now since I got involved with this language, and I can assure you that the alphabet issue has been a thing almost since day one. Every possible option between Latin-only and Cyrillic-only has its ardent supporters, and even though the Latin alphabet is used more often for Interslavic than Cyrillic, it remains a fact that about 3/4 of all Slavic people use Cyrillic. So treating one of them as merely a transliterated version of the other is out of the question. But it is also true that the average Pole, Czech or Slovene cannot read Cyrillic, whereas most Russians, Ukrainians and Bulgarians know the Latin alphabet at least to some degree, which gives the Latin alphabet a slight advantage nonetheless. It's not entirely clear to me what you mean by "fallback option", but if it means that <code>isv</code> is interpreted as "<code>isv-Latn</code> unless specified otherwise", I'd be perfectly fine with that.<br />Of course, there will always be imperfections. For a person who only knows the Latin alphabet it will be difficult to correct a typo in the Cyrillic text, or even to expand it with Latin text. For now, I think we should stick to the principle that a page written in Cyrillic stays in Cyrillic, and ''tant pis'' if you can't handle Cyrillic. But honestly, I don't think that's much of a problem at the moment. Most Interslavic users can understand both alphabets, and I'm sure the problem of multi-script editing will solve itself at some point.<br />For the record, transliteration between Latin and Cyrillic is pretty straightforward. The only inconsistency is the '''њ/нј''' issue found also in Serbian, but that's a minor thing that can easily be solved. That still leaves us with a few issues addressed [[:meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Interslavic#Writing system related issues|here]] by @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]]. More specifically, s/he mentions the possibility of using not only the ex-Yugoslavia method for displaying Cyrillic, but also the Russian method (''лю'' instead of ''љу''). If I understand correctly that the source code looks like [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Editing_challenges_on_multi-script_wikis_%28with_speaker_notes%29.pdf#page=29 this], such a thing could easily be implemented. The question is: do we want that? And another thing is that some users persistently use the etymological orthography (''mųž'', ''krålj'', etc.). If the converter can be programmed in such way that <code>'ų' => 'у'</code> and <code>'у' => 'u'</code>, then that would be a nice thing to have as well. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:40, 10 January 2026 (UTC) == Транслитерација со Јапонского == Поздрав! Какобы толико в източнословјанскых йезыках хирагану し / катакану シ транслитерујут како си/si. В вечинству језыков (вкључајучи словјански) пишут ши/shi/ši. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], може измєнити то [[Kacusika Hokusaj|сде]] на "Kacušika Hokusaj" або на "Kacušika Hokusai"? Како мыслите? --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 20:09, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Pozdrav, Murade, nazva ''Kacusika Hokusaj'' byla uže raněje v spisu potrěbnyh člankov, zato ja jesm to ostavil. Možno jest izdělati re-direkt na na ''Katsušika Hokusaj'' i to bude izobražati se na stranice. Tutčas, obratno, ja jesm prědělal vse japonske slova v članku na "''si''", "''dzju''", "''dzjo''" vměsto "''ši''", "''džu''", "''džo''" (Hepburnovo romaji ''shi'', ''ju'', ''jo''), i t.d. da by vsečto bylo v jednom standardu, ili možem to vratiti i ostaviti, kako bylo, s koristanjem jedino romaji transkripcije bez jej prěvoda do kirilicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:55, 12 January 2026 (UTC) Po mojemu mněnju to ne jest dobry pomysl. Nakoliko ja znaju, toj spisok potrěbnyh člankov sdělal Lev, a on vse bazoval na russkoj transkripciji. Problem jest v tom, že ta transkripcija jest osnovana na principu, že v russkom suglasky prěd '''и''' i '''е''' sut avtomatično palatalizovane. Izgovor '''シ''' i '''チ''' zaisto zvuči bolje kako poljske {{-|'''ś'''}} i {{-|'''ć'''}} neželi kako russke '''ш''' i '''ч''', ale v medžuslovjanskom to ne rabotaje tako. Sdělal jesm tabelku s někojimi problematičnymi znakami i uvidite, že daže ukrajinsky i srbsky koristajut '''ш''' i '''ч'''. Pozrite tu (poslědnji stolp jest moje prědloženje za medžuslovjansky): {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" style="text-align:center;" ! jap. !! ang. !! čes. !! rus. !! ukr. !! srb. !! isv |- | サ || sa || sa || са || са || са || sa / са |- | シ || shi || ši || си || ші || ши || ši / ши |- | シャ || sha || ša || ся || шя || ша || ša / ша |- | タ || ta || ta || та || та || та || ta / та |- | チ || chi || či || ти || чі || чи/ћи || či / чи |- | ツ || tsu || cu || цу || цу || цу || cu / цу |- | チャ || cha || ča || тя || чя || ча/ћа || ča / ча |- | ニャ || nya || nja || ня || ня || ња || nja / ња |- | ワ || wa || wa || ва || ва || ва/уа || wa / ва |- | ザ || za || za || дза || дза || за || za / за |- | ジ || ji || dži || дзи || джі || ђи || dži / джи |- | ジャ || ja || dža || дзя || джя || ђа || dža / джа |- | ダ || da || da || да || да || да || da / да |- | ヂ || ji || (dži) || (дзи) || (джі) || ђи || dži / джи |- | ヅ || zu || (zu) || (дзу) || (дзу) || зу || zu / зу |- | ヂャ || ja || (dža) || (дзя) || (джя) || (ђа) || dža / джа |- ! colspan="7" | razširjena katakana |- | ス || su || su || су || су || су || su / су |- | スィ || si || (si) || сы || (сі) || (си) || si / си |- | テ || te || te || тэ || те || те || te / те |- | ティ || ti || (ti) || ти (ты) || ті || ти || ti / ти |} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) : Одлично табло! Але по мојему мнєнју ако измєнити za / за на dza / дза (и zu / зу на dzu / дзу) тогды је было бы фонетично идеално (не по Поливанову и не по Хепберну оногдашње). --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 18:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, jesm tako(d)že suglasny [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:05, 12 January 2026 (UTC) == Remaining issues == Dear all, since it probably won't be long now before our Interslavic Wikipedia will finally be approved, there are still a few issues to be resolved. {{Ping|Ilja isv|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} Your attention please! === Transliteration === First of all, there's the issue of transliteration, see above under [[Incubator:Krčma#Prědustavjeno pismo]]. The system used by the Serbian Wikipedia has the advantage that we can have the same article both in Latin and Cyrillic without having to resort to back-transliterations. In other words, we won't be forced to write "Džorž Buš" instead of "George Bush" in the Latin alphabet to avoid Cyrillic transliterations like "Георге Бусх". At present, transliteration is taken care of with JavaScript in [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.js MediaWiki:Common.js]. When we move to the system used by the Serbian Wikipedia (which IMO is the only sensible solution, see above), the same transliteration rules should be transferred to whatever system they use there, preferably with a few additions: '''bidirectional:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" | a || b || c || č || d || e || ě || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || lj{{FN|*)}} || m || n || nj{{FN|*)}} || o || p || r || s || š || t || u || v || y || z || ž || ä || ö || ü |- | а || б || ц || ч || д || е || є || ф || г || х || и || ј || к || л || љ || м || н || њ || о || п || р || с || ш || т || у || в || ы || з || ж || ӓ || ӧ || ӱ |} '''unidirectional Lat &rarr; Cyr:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | á || å || a || ć || ď || đ || ė || è || é || ę || í || ľ || ĺ || ł || ń || ň || ȯ || ò || ó || qu || ŕ || ř || ś || ť || ú ||ų || ů || w || x || ý || ź || ż |- ! to | а || а || а || ч || д || дж || е || е || е || e || и || л || л || л || н || н || о || о || о || kv || р || р || с || т || у || у || у || в || кс || ы || з || ж |} '''unidirectional Cyr &rarr; Lat:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | ґ || ѓ || ђ || ѣ || ё || ѕ || і || ї || й || ќ || ћ || ў || џ || щ || ъ || ь || э || ю || я |- ! to | g || dž || dž || ě || jo || dz || i || ji || j || č || č || v || dž || šč || — || — || e || ju || ja |} {{FNBox|Note: {{FNZ|*)|I don't know if there is a way to distinguish between Љ (LJ) and Љ (Lj), but since fully capitalized text is rare, I guess Љ &rarr; Lj and Њ &rarr; Nj will do.}} }} === Alphabetical order === Another thing is the alphabetical ordering of articles in, for example, categories. The current situation is that Cyrillic letters absent in Russian – like Є, Њ and Ј – come before А. It is necessary that the right alphabetical order is followed, which preferably should also include letters not used in Interslavic but used in other Slavic languages, as they may appear in categories as well: '''Latin:'''<br /> <big>'''a''' á ä ą å '''b c''' ć '''č d''' ď '''e''' é è ė ę '''ě f g h i''' í '''j k l''' ł ľ ĺ '''lj m n''' ń ň '''nj o''' ò ó ȯ '''p''' q '''r''' ŕ ř '''s''' ś '''š t''' ť '''u''' ú ů ų '''v''' w x '''y''' ý '''z''' ź '''ž''' ż</big> '''Cyrillic:'''<br /> <big>'''а б в г''' ґ '''д''' ђ ѓ '''е''' ё '''є''' ѣ '''ж з''' ѕ '''и''' й і ї '''ј к л љ м н њ о п р с т''' ћ ќ '''у''' ў '''ф х ц ч''' џ '''ш''' щ '''ы''' э ю я</big> === Dates === * The standard format for dates is: <code>dd.mm.yyyy</code> * In dates, month names should always be in the genitive case. Although these genitives are defined on translatewiki.net, that doesn't seem to work in the Recent changes, Watchlist etc. === Numbers === When a number is followed by a noun, the corresponding case differs: * 1: nominative singular (1 dom) * 2–4: nominative plural (2 domy) * 0 and 5–19: genitive plural (5 domov) * all higher numbers ending with 1: nominative singular (101 dom) * all higher numbers ending with 2–4: nominative plural (102 domy) * all higher numbers ending with 0 or 5–9: genitive plural (100 domov, 105 domov) === Namespaces === {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! colspan="2" | Namespace || colspan="2" | Talk |- ! English || Interslavic || English || Interslavic |- | (main) || (glavny) || Talk || Besěda |- | User || Koristnik || User talk || Besěda koristnika |- | Wikipedia || Vikipedija || Wikipedia talk || Besěda vikipedije |- | File || Fajl || File talk || Besěda fajla |- | MediaWiki || MediaWiki || MediaWiki || Besěda MediaWiki |- | Template || Šablon || Template talk || Besěda šablona |- | Help || Pomoč || Help talk || Besěda pomoči |- | Category || Kategorija || Category talk || Besěda kategorije |- | Portal || Portal || Portal talk || Besěda portala |- | Module || Modul || Module talk || Besěda modula |- | Gadget || Gadžet || Gadget talk || Besěda gadžeta |} I hope I haven't forgotten anything! === The code ISV === * In interwiki links, the language should appear as: <code>Medžuslovjansky / меджусловјанскы</code> * The English name of the language is "Interslavic". * There still appear to be issues with the language code <code>isv</code>. In Babel boxes, for example, <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> work, but <code>isv</code> does not. * I guess using <code>isv</code> shoud have a fallback sequence to <code>isv-Latn</code>, as [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] suggested. === Transliteration once more === ''Theoretically'' it will be possible to add unidirectional solutions to additional writing systems, like Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. Personally, I am not in favour of such a solution though. That's pretty much all I can think of. Comments? Suggestions? Opinions? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:51, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Finally! That is some great news. :All the points touched here make sense to me. :I am also against additional transliteration to either Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. It would add more confusion IMO. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:07, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :jesm popravil tabelu Namespaces [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:09, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::O, hvala za popravku, to je byla moja glupost! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:39, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi Jan, :Many thanks for this communication. :My idea of selective automatic both-way transliteration is as follows.<br />Now we have a template to block transliteration for a piece of text :<pre>{{-|text not to be transliterated}}</pre> :all it does only adding HTML tag :<pre>&lt;span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"&gt;text not to be transliterated&lt;/span&gt;</pre> :that is analized by transliteration gadget that ignores the text between tag borders. This tag can be also used "manually" when use of template is not possible due to wikitext syntax (e.g. text of hyperlink etc.), so we have more or less two tools to control transliteration now. :I would propose to add one more template for selective transliteration, for example :<pre>{{LatCyr|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan Fransua|1}}</pre> :where:<br/> :''Jean-François'' - (obligatory parameter) text in original language in Latin script (name)<br/> :''Жан-Франсуа'' - (obligatory parameter) text in cyrillic (phonetical transliteration)<br/> :''Žan Fransua'' - (optional) phonetic latin<br/> :''1'' - (optional) when this is present, the name appears first time on the article and it could be displayed with phonetic latin in parentheses (could be useful when uncommon languages for the reader are used). :This template could work same way adding HTML class tags (these need to be created for original latin, cyrillic and phonetic latin). The translit script could be modified so it sees the tags and modifies text as per current isv graphic selection setting. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Examples |- ! Parameters !! lat/cyr !! Renders as |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа (Jean-François) |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || lat || Jean-François (Žan-Fransua) |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |lat |Jean-François |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |cyr |Жан-Франсуа |- |<nowiki>Györ|Дьёр|Ďjor|1</nowiki> |lat |Györ (Ďjor) |} :Would this proposal be of interest? :It would still require somepone to program the gadget and admin rights to place it on the wiki section. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:21, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Yes, this certainly makes sense. The language converter can easily be embedded in the current <tt><nowiki>{{-|...}}</nowiki></tt> template. Normally the language converter would expect something like:<br /><tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl:Жан-Франсуа }-</nowiki></tt>.<br />The remaining two fields can easily be handled in the template itself, I think. But on the other hand, the same functionality can also be achieved simply by using the same template twice: <tt><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}} {{-|(izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|(fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki></tt> If that's the case, then parameters 3 and 4 wouldn't even be necessary. One thing I'm not entirely sure about myself, is what happens when you open a page ''before'' picking an orthography. At that moment the system doesn't know whether the page is in Latin or in Cyrillic orthography. I *think* this is done by adding a third parameter: <tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl: Жан-Франсуа; isv: Jean-François }-</nowiki></tt> Anyway, the advantage of all this is that we won't immediately have to change all pages where it is used. In many cases the template is used for expressions that shouldn't be transliterated at all, like "{{-|Microsoft}}". Those cases won't be affected by the change at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 11:01, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan, yes, this could be the way to go. Still need some time to understand better the way the gadget works but would like to start trying soonest. Cheers, [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:53, 12 February 2026 (UTC) === Script === {{-|''(added a header for clarity)''}} :So, today is a great day as I tried first time the vibe-codng with Google AI mode to modify transliteration script. :My proposal is to use 3 classes that will be added by template (or manually) to mark 3 options of text. :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Latn">Jean-François</span></pre> :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Cyrl">Жан-Франсуа</span></pre> :<pre><span class="alphabet-isv">Žan-Fransua</span></pre> :Depending on user alphabet setting, only one of the three will be displayed.<br/> :Herewith the code that needs to be added to the script, in the very beginning, after description remark (starting line 9). :<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript" line="1" start="9"> /** This part is added by [[Koristnik:Ilja_isv]], vibe-coded with Google AI /** Sorry code is removed since it did not work in the end </syntaxhighlight> :@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], may I ask you to add this code to Common.js so we could test? It takes admin rights to modify the javascript. I can send the complete modified script file if this is easier, I have a backup of original Common.js for the case of failure and the tags for testing entered in the sandbox. Thanking you in advance for help, hope it will work. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::Unfortunately, being a test admin I do not have the rights to edit Common.js (I actually tried a while back, to no avail). Perhaps [[Koristnik:Iohanen]] can be of help here? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you Jan, will contact. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:19, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Jan, one more idea: we can also test changes at old Miraheze space, the gadget script is identical. Do you have admin rights there or do you know the admin? I do not even have a login. The script file there is called Gadget-alphabet.js: :::https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-alphabet.js :::Just someone will also need to make a test page with tags to see how it works. :::Many thanks. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Yes, I can modify the alphabet gadget on Miraheze. What exactly do you want me to do? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:21, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Hvala Jane, myslím, zajutra večer budu odpovědati, prěd tym uže ne budu iměti čas. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::I had a reply from Iohanen, hvala za kontakt, it is: ::::::https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Iohanen?markasread=2792850&markasreadwiki=incubatorwiki#c-Iohanen-20260224173800-Ilja_isv-20260224114000 ::::::Will follow up in 1-2 days [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 05:35, 25 February 2026 (UTC) :::::No need to do anything, thanks to Iohanen, we have now a workable and tested script. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:38, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :::I have modified the '''- '''template, it can have 2 parameters now. If there is only one parameter, this text will be excluded from transliteration. If there is a second parameter present, first parameter is considered Latin, second is considered Cyrilic. When we install updated gadget script, either one or the other will be displayed, depending on language setting. Default is Latin (if Lat./Cyr is a choice or no choice made yet). {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <pre>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</pre>|| <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> || <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</pre> || <pre>Jean-François</pre> || <pre>Жан-Франсуа</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</pre> || <pre>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</pre> || <pre>Джо Байден</pre> |} :::As we already have a perfectly working script (great thanks to [[Koristnik:Iohanen]]), I will ask administrators to install it and we have the problem solved. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:45, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:51, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi All, ::::Good news: the script and new templates are implemented and work. I will publish a tutorial shortest possible. Congratulations to all participants 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:27, 28 February 2026 (UTC) ::::<s>Bad news: does not work in the mobile version, both Cyrillic and Latin are displayed, which was not like that during tests.</s> <s>Next point to address.</s> Done, all works now. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:29, 28 February 2026 (UTC) === Approval === {{-|''(moving this to a separate section to avoid cluttering)''}} Where did you get the information that Wp/isv is about to be approved? On the discussion page, the Language Committee members are ignoring it again, but as soon as someone posted about another project, it immediately received a response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-98653-7|&#126;2026-98653-7]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-98653-7|talk]]) 21:08, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :I've been discussing the issue of the script converter with a member of the Language Committee, that's way. I know they could have approved our project already a year ago, but there's not much point in mulling over that now. I suggest we simply keep working on this wiki, approval will come by itself. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:37, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :: What kind of stories are you telling us? How many times has this happened? People are wasting their precious time on this instead of something more useful. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10102-52|&#126;2026-10102-52]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10102-52|talk]]) 13:57, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::LOL, login under your real name. Why are you even here? :::If you're feeling that you are wasting your time here, you know where the door is, right? I strongly encourage you to go and do something more useful. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 14:03, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Can't say I disagree. Negativity won't get us anywhere, that's for sure. Ultimately, we'll get there, and all the work we are doing here will soon end up in a real Interslavic wikipedia anyway, so it's definitely not a waste of time. And, if I may say so, complaining is a much bigger waste of time than actually contributing. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:45, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::: Look. It's a dead project; it only has four active users. Part of that is your fault, after all, you kept telling everyone the project was about to be approved (but it never happened). And I'll disappoint you a little: activity usually declines after a domain is created. I'd advise everyone to be more accepting of criticism. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10115-37|&#126;2026-10115-37]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10115-37|talk]]) 17:58, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Listen, brave man. If you want anyone to take your “criticism” even remotely seriously, you need to log in so we can see what your stake is and what you’ve actually contributed. Until then, you’ll simply come across as a troll or a saboteur. ::::::When we need your advice, we’ll ask for it. For now, you can tone it down and keep your advice to yourself. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:52, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::: Wikimedia has a [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal%20Code%20of%20Conduct universal code of conduct]. I recommend you read it. I've been following this project for several years, sometimes making anonymous edits. And I have the right not to register as long as Wikimedia Foundation projects allow this option. Your requests are rejected. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10259-25|&#126;2026-10259-25]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10259-25|talk]]) 20:07, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Too many recommendations for anonymous "editor", buddy. You're dismissed and free to go. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 21:36, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::All emotions aside, I don’t really understand your frustration about the situation or your negativity toward Jan. I’m pretty sure Jan was simply passing on to the community what he himself had been told. ::::::::I don’t think anyone involved in this project expects it to suddenly become hugely popular. For me, it’s about steady work and gradually onboarding new learners of Interslavic. ::::::::Personally, everything I write here — and everything I do in life — I do primarily for myself. I don’t expect large audiences or dramatic results. If you feel like you’ve wasted your time because you were expecting something bigger, maybe the issue isn’t the project itself but the expectations attached to it. ::::::::If exposure and visibility are what you’re looking for, there are platforms built exactly for that. Like TikTok for example. But this project has always been about consistent effort and long-term development, not instant recognition. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:31, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::And if you truly have such deep knowledge of the future and already know how everything is going to turn out, maybe you should try day trading. With that kind of foresight, you’d probably make millions — and then all the time you think you “wasted” on our small project would fade away like a bad dream. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:34, 15 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::That's right. Perhaps I've been premature with my assumptions, but they were not entirely without reason. First of all, we already met all the necessary requirements by October 2024 (five editors contributing regularly during a period of a few months + translated interface), and secondly, in January 2025 a member of the Language Committee confirmed that the project was ready for approval. Honestly, I have no idea why that still hasn't happened, and believe me, nobody feels more frustrated about this sluggishness than me. At first, I thought it was because of the label "constructed language", but given the fact that a wikipedia in Toki Pona was approved – even though it it's not even an auxiliary language and even though it wasn't even in the Incubator – that's can't really be the reason. And yes, of course I am disappointed that some active contributors haven't shown up for a long time. Neither do I understand why [[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] requested Interslavic Wikipedia on Meta and started this wiki on the Incubator, since he never contributed anything of substance afterwards. Still, no matter what, the best we can do is simply carry on. Showing that we *can* do it is precisely what the Incubator is meant for. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:01, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::And anonymous, you call this a dead project, but at the same time you noted yourself that other projects with less users and less content are being approved, so apparently it's not *that* dead after all. You say that we should be more accepting of criticism, but the point of criticism is to improve something, not to frustrate it. If you have ideas about how to improve this project, we are all ears, and if you care about this project, you are more than welcome to contribute. But if you don't, then I don't quite understand why you bother making these comments at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:03, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: I don't remember saying this, but I would have said the same thing. You need to clearly define your goal and determine whether it's achievable. If not, then move on to other goals. Here, it's like knocking on a closed gate. Sometimes they say something or wink, but the gate remains closed. I have ideas, but first you need to stop knocking on closed gates. It's really sad. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10286-28|&#126;2026-10286-28]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10286-28|talk]]) 11:38, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::I don't think it's like knocking on a closed gate. Look what happened with our ISO code. Our first two requests were rejected for stupid reasons and the third request took almost five years to be validated: first because they simply forgot about it, and then because it was stalled because they were reformulating their policies. It seems like they didn't quite know what do to with Interslavic, for example, whether they should qualify it as natural or a constructed language. So yes, I am kind of having a ''déjà-vu'' here. And again, I don't why it is taking them so long. The language itself shouldn't be the problem anymore, since its eligibility was established already in October 2024. My best guess is simply that the majority of the LangCom members are barely active, and that the remaining members are hesitant because of the extra work that needs to be done with regard to script conversion and the like. But ultimately ''upornost se izplati''. And anyway, it's not like we have an alternative here. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:37, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: There are alternatives. In fact, with the development of AI, Wikipedia's role is gradually diminishing. Just look at the statistics: activity is declining in many editions (for example, in Russian, but the situation is no better in other Slavic editions). The situation is only good in languages ​​with a large number of native speakers (English, Spanish, French). This project will ultimately be edited by a relatively small group of enthusiasts. If the project is for enthusiasts, work can be done anywhere (on other wiki projects, etc.) whithout frustration. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 14:26, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::The relationship between Wikipedia and AI is a problem in itself, but there's not much point in speculation about the future. Besides, following your logic, we might as well close all Wikipedias except the English one. You are right about one thing: if the Interslavic Wikipedia were purely intended for enthusiasts of Interslavic, Miraheze or whatever other wikifarm might do. But that's not the point. This wiki should serve as an additional source of information for Slavic speakers. The reason we need a separate Wikipedia project is that people can find it, for example via interwiki links. As long as it is stored here or in some wikifarm, nobody will be able to find it. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:05, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::: This isn't quite the correct continuation of my logic: sections don't need to be closed, but activity will gradually decline. They will remain as encyclopedias, but will be preserved (AI will take information from there for itself). As for whether people will be able to find this project through interwiki, that's doubtful; interwiki is badly presented in the current Wikipedia skin. It's easy to search there if you know exactly which language you need. But it's possible that some people will still find this project through interwiki. As a source of information, people prefer to read in their native language. What you said could have been expected 10-20 years ago. If they can't find information in their language, they'll translate it from the language in which it exists (most likely, English). The quality of translation in online translators is much better now. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 09:09, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::Good news. A thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia" has appeared on the Langcom Mailing List. I hope we get a positive response soon. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-17126-63|&#126;2026-17126-63]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-17126-63|talk]]) 20:12, 18 March 2026 (UTC) :::I'm really starting to get the impression that langcom is deliberately ignoring wp/isv. Jon Harald Søby created a thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia," but it received no response, either positive or negative. However, another thread appeared there and received an almost immediate response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18779-70|&#126;2026-18779-70]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18779-70|talk]]) 11:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::: That's true. But in reality, there are plenty of such threads. Someone wants approval, no one responds, or no one responds positively, and approval is delayed. Don't count on approval soon; it will be several years away. I especially don't recommend relying on the nearly dead Langcom.--[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18633-18|&#126;2026-18633-18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18633-18|talk]]) 11:30, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Years? Is it really that bad? What's the point of writing anything here if there will never be approval? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18861-96|&#126;2026-18861-96]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18861-96|talk]]) 13:56, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::: Honestly, I don't know why they're doing this. It's been clear many times that Langcom doesn't want to approve this project and will delay approval as long as possible. Sooner or later, this leads to burnout (maybe Langcom is counting on it). Note that Langcom hasn't offered any apologies or justifications, as if this is a normal situation. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18833-94|&#126;2026-18833-94]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18833-94|talk]]) 15:57, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ura! Sračky 😂 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 21:35, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Very good news! Other members of the language committee have responded, and it's safe to say that Interslavic Wikipedia is practically approved. All that's left is to leave a notification about the proposal being approved, and now all that's left is to create isv.wikipedia.org. Finally, it's isv's turn. Thank you for continuing to create articles and staying active. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31741-38|&#126;2026-31741-38]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-31741-38|talk]]) 03:13, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == Wiktionary == ''(moving this to a separate item to avoid cluttering)'' When we receive approval, will it automatically give us the option to create a Wiktionary for Interslavic, or do we need to apply for that separately? I already have some ideas and plans for it. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 15:45, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Setting up a separate Wiktionary would require a separate application process on [[m:Requests for new languages|Meta]]. Approval will probably come easier if Interslavic already has its own Wikipedia, though. Theoretically, you could also start creating a Wiktionary in the Incubator, here: [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/isv Wt/isv]. Yet I am wondering: what would be the point of a Wiktionary for Interslavic? We already have our multilingual dictionary at https://interslavic-dictionary.com/, and there's the same dictionary at http://steen.free.fr/interslavic/dynamic_dictionary.html. Keeping those two in line with each other is already quite a lot of work. Wouldn't it be better to keep all our eggs in one basket, instead of having even more dictionaries around? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:42, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::Well, in reality, I'm just experimenting. ::In theory, there is an automated or at least semi-automated way to add articles to Wiktionary straight from the dictionary database, so the labor part should not be that difficult. ::What I did is I've created a fork of the dictionary that is using the same database and did slight improvements to it's UI, so now you can compare multiple words at the same screen and you can also look up the Wiktionary article straight from the interface, just by pressing the hyperlink. Creating Interslavic Wiktionary obviously would allow me to add the links to Interslavic Wiktionary. ::Wiktionary by definition is something that anyone can edit, so: ::# People would add new words more easily (Yes, there is a problem with verifying if those words are good or not, but in general it would give more power to the community vs. now, when suggesting something to Interslavic dictionary seems more like a bureaucratic process rather than a community contribution). ::# People could modify articles about the words in Interslavic and add contexts, translations to their natural languages, usage examples, etc. (Think of https://context.reverso.net/) ::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:04, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::I've also revived the Slovnik Bot in Telegram and modified it a little bit, so it's also showing links to Wiktionary articles in corresponding languages. :::In theory, if people will add the use cases in Interslavic, this bot would be able to spit it out to users in Telegram. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::The slovnik fork is available here :::https://interslavic.forum/slovnik/ :::I'm still working on it, but it's pretty much done for now. :::It allows you to compare up to 4 words on the same screen and look up the Wiktionary articles for corresponding language. :::This is just something I'm constantly using in writing texts. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:10, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::In general, I'm just trying to integrate the existing infrastructure of Interslavic with what Wikipedia offers. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Well, I can certainly see the potential advantages of a Wiktionary. It could, for example, help in translating the dictionary into other languages. The thing is only that the official Interslavic dictionary is being worked on by a whole team of people. Errors are being corrected, new words are being added, and sometimes existing words are being replaced or simply kicked out. The problem with forked dictionaries is that sooner or later they will be obsolete. Besides, we can't have people adding stuff that hasn't been properly researched. That's why I am a bit hesitant here. But if you really want to try it, I cannot stop you, of course. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:50, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :This is a UI fork, mostly visual difference and additional features. It's connected to the same google document just as official dictionary. The only difference for now is that I've fixed individual declensions for some words (jejin, obědvě) (also I've committed the changes to official dictionary, it's just a matter for someone to approve the changes). :I'm not trying to create my own dictionary, but I'd like the work to go faster and I'd like to have a more participatory mechanism for the community. :Wiktionary would be a part of this mechanism. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:28, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Okay, we can of course give it a try. And like I said, I can surely see quite a few advantages of the idea. My only concern is, who is going to manage all this? Starting it in the Incubator is possible for sure, but if it's going to be a one-man show, it will probably stay there forever. Personally, I'd much rather we concentrate on Wikipedia now, which is already more than enough work. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:07, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::I'll try to see how far I can go with it. If I fail, I fail, no biggie. I promise I will keep writing here on Wiki :) [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:16, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I also do see potential in empowering people. When we know that our voice matters and we can affect something, it is in itself a very inspiring thing. I may be too naive and idealistic tho. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:21, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::[[Wt/isv/Main Page]] :::I've created the Main Page and in process of importing the words from the dictionary. :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], I was thinking translating some of your materials from English to Interslavic on word formation, voting machine, etc to create Help page, can I have your permission? :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] @[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] @[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] @[[Koristnik:Danvintius Bookix|Danvintius Bookix]] @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]] @[[Koristnik:Medžuslovjanin|Medžuslovjanin]] @[[Koristnik:Ferpaks|Ferpaks]] @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] @[[Koristnik:Aula Orion|Aula Orion]] @[[Koristnik:Panslav|Panslav]] @[[Koristnik:Orbitminis|Orbitminis]] @[[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] @[[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] @[[Koristnik:Plameniled|Plameniled]] @[[Koristnik:Miłosz Czaniecki|Miłosz Czaniecki]] @[[Koristnik:Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров]] @[[Koristnik:Qiorly|Qiorly]] @[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] @[[Koristnik:SzymonV|SzymonV]] @[[Koristnik:Asank neo|Asank neo]] @[[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] @[[Koristnik:Machine of goodness|Machine of goodness]] @[[Koristnik:Snovid|Snovid]] :::If anyone has any suggestions, I'd love to hear it. :::So far my plan is the followinɡː :::[[Wt/isv/Vikislovnik:Propozicija měseca#Dorabotati Vikislovnik]] [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 01:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi GlěbDyndar, I can see the Wiktionary already on the incubator, and found a nice side-effect for Wikipedia incubator: when editing in Visual mode, selecting a noun in Nominative or a verb in infinitive, and pressing Ctrl-K (to insert hyperlink) it also shows possible links to the Wiktonary, so this option could be used for spell checking 😎 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 13:40, 19 March 2026 (UTC) :::::That would be awesome! Having something to check spelling against is beneficial for the wiki. Yes, there is an official Interslavic Dictionary available, but it's not really built into Wikipedia, it would be really interesting to see it imported into the Wiktionary in its full extent and interconnected with the Wikipedia for spellcheck. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|contribs]]) 14:19, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: First of all, it's not that it takes up a lot of memory. Wiki projects use templates. A volunteer user who might want to edit Wiktionary doesn't need to know HTML and CSS. Learn to create templates first. The original wiki code, consisting almost entirely of HTML and CSS, is what we had in the past. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 16:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Да говно эти шаблоны, в эпоху ИИ от них толку мало, ебешься три года ради того, что ИИ напишет за секунду. А потом если нужно какую строчку добавить или убавить в карточке, снова нужно лезть в этот шаблон и выяснять что там к чему. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::все новое - это хорошо забытое старое) :::::::::Шаблоны были сделаны, чтоб облегчить жизнь тем, кто не может кодить. Сейчас кодить может каждый, соответственно шаблоны летят мимо. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:10, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: Whether it's good or bad, that's the way things are done in Wikimedia projects. So, don't blame anyone else. You can easily create your own beautiful wiki project without templates in the AI ​​era. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 10:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Да не переживай ты так, учитель) Разберусь, что мне делать. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 16:24, 15 May 2026 (UTC) == Sravniti vs. sravnjati vs. sravnivati == slovnik ima 'sravnjati' kak imperfect, ale iz mojego pogleda, bylo by razumněje pisati "sravnivati", ibo priblizno vse jezyky imajut dodatny slog v tutom slovu v imperfektu "sravnjati" za mene imaje smysl "uravnjati", "sdělati jednakovym", na angl. ''to level'' čto myslite? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Nu znaješ, "sravnjati" prosto jest regularno stvorjena nesovršena forma sovršenogo glagola "sravniti". V dolgoj historiji medžuslovjanskogo jezyka vsegda jesmo usilovali, že jezyk jest kako možno regularny. Zato ''-ati > -yvati'', a ''-iti > -jati''. Očevidno, byli by takože druge možnosti, napr. ''-ati > -avati'' iili ''-iti > -ivati''. Ale my jesmo izbrali te formy, ktore sut najbolje razprostranjene po slovjanskyh jezykah. Poněkogda te druge formy na indivualnoj osnově daže mogut byti lěpše, ale ne hočemo vvesti v jezyk veče neregularnostij, neželi sut potrěbne. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:01, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, Jane, ja dobro razuměm i pametam vaše pojasnjenje o logikě impf.-pf. glagolov v MS, ale čto ako li poněkogda stvorjajemo falšivyh prijateljev v ugodu regulardnosti? (rus. сравнять, čes. srovnat, pol. zrównać) ::Dodatno, regularnost v MS v tutom osobnom slučaju (iz moejgo pogleda) ide protiv naturalističnosti, ibo vse naturalne jezyky prědavajut semantiku "to be comparing" inym slovom. ::Russky срав'''ни'''вать, сопоставлять ::Bělorussky параўноўваць, зраў'''ноў'''ваць, супастаўляць ::Ukrajinsky порів'''ню'''вати, зіставляти, зрівнювати ::Poljsky porów'''ny'''wać ::Češsky srov'''ná'''vat, porov'''ná'''vat ::Slovačsky porov'''ná'''vať, zrov'''ná'''vať ::Hrvatsky srav'''nji'''vati, upoređivati ::Srbsky срав'''њи'''вати, упоређавати ::Makedonsky сравнува, споредува ::Bulgarsky срав'''ня'''вам ::"Sravnjati s zemjeju" — "Compare with Earth?" or "Level it to the ground"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:43, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Aha, razuměju. Da da, takom slučaju može lěpje bude ''sravnyvati'' (nesov.) i ''sravnati'' (sov.), a takože ''sravnanje'' zaměsto ''sravnjenje'' «comparison”, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:57, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Moje prědloženje": :::for the verb ''to compare: sravniti / sravnivati,'' ibo to odpovědaje logikě naturalnyh jezykov. :::for the verb ''to even, to level'' we already have ''poravniti'' (curiously, it's not ''por'''o'''vniti'', which would follow the logic you're explaining) :::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:13, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::''sravnjati'' možemo ostaviti, ale jedino v smyslu ''to even, to level'' [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:22, 14 February 2026 (UTC) == Websajt s katalogom i statistikoju == <nowiki>https://medzuslovjansky.onl/</nowiki> jesm stvoril maly websajt s vyše vizualnym kalalogom stranic i statistikoju može byti koristany kak onlajn biblioteka stvoril jego da by može byti takym obrazom uprostiti dostup obyčnyh ljudij do Viki i malost zainteresovati v napisanju člankov prošu, pišite vaši propozicije i myslji [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 17:32, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :myslju oddělno sdělati filtr za kategorij s prověrjenym pravopisom i dobry članok, da by možno bylo legko najdti teksty s dobrym MSom [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:11, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, to bylo by interesno. Myslju, že kategorija s prověrjenym pravopisom ne jest mnogo upotrěbima, ale može [[Incubator:Spisok najdolžejših stranic|tutoj spisok najdolžejših ćlankov]] jest? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::Už sdělal oddělny filtr, koj polazyvaje jedino članky so zvězdoju i s prověrjenym pravopisom. Myslju, to ne byla zla ideja i ja budu probovati dodavati toj šablon, kogda čitaju članky. :::Vo vkladke statistika možno odfiltrovati članky po dolžině, ale može byti sdělati oddělnu jarku vkladku "Najdolžejše članky"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:19, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, myslju, že to jest dobry pomysl. Mimohodom, može mogli byhmo uže dodati do dobryh člankov. Srěd mojih člankov, myslju, že napriklad [[Abhazsky alfabet]], [[Džok (pes)]] i [[Ҕ]] kvalifikujut se, ibo sut mnogo obširnějše, než jihne ekvivalenty na drugyh jezykah. Imajete li prědloženja? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::A nas budut prověrjati na odpovědnost kriterijam dobryh člankov? Ibo imajemo množstvo člankov vyše 10kb, koje libo už sut dost dobre (ale može byti ne sut take dobre, kak jihne analogy v inyh jezykah, ili prinajmenje v něktoryh), ale sut kratše, než v inyh jezykah. :::::I takože imajemo množstvo člankov menše než 10kb, ale koje takože sut mnogo dobre. :::::Večinstvo (ili vse) članky o kiriličnyh bukvah sut dobre na moj pogled, ale ne imajut trěbujemogo razměra. :::::@[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] napisal několiko dobryh člankov, ale on prosil prověriti pravopis za njim i ja byh dodal v jegove članky malost obrazov ili medija materialov, že by jih nemnogo oživiti (imajut prěmnogo teksta bez ničego vizualnogo) :::::@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] takože napisal dostatočno dobryh člankov [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:27, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Da da, jesm suglasny. Teoretično ne imajemo izrazne kriterije, toliko, že dobry članok trěbuje iměti někoju kritičnu masu. Granica 10K bajtov byla ustanovjena libovoljno, kogda na medžuviki iměli jesmo 20 člankov >10K, ale tutčas imajemo jih ok. 140. Dolgy ne avtomatično znači lěpši. Po mojemu mněnju, da by članok kvalifikoval se za uměščenje na glavnoj stranici: ::::::* jest bolje-menje kompletny o obgovarjaje vse aspekty (napr. članok o državě ne jest kompletny, ako nemaje ničego o ekonomikě, prirodě i t.d.). ::::::* imaje pravilny i prověrjeny pravopis ::::::* jest osnovany na prověrjenyh izvorah (znači, ne slěpo kopirovanyh iz drugyh viki) ::::::* ne jest toliko prěvod članka iz drugoj viki ::::::* kako možno, sodrživaje obrazky ::::::* kako možno, jest lěpši od ekvivalentah na drugyh slovjanskyh jezykah ::::::* prědmet ne jest prěmnogo niševy. ::::::Kromě togo, dobro by bylo, ako jest raznorodnost medžu člankami na glavnoj stranici. Tutčas imajemo ok. 20 dobryh člankov. Glupo bylo by, ako srěd njih byli 3 kirilične bukvy, ili 3 ukrajinski politiki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:51, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Dodati linky na spoločnosti v Dicord i TG na glavnoj stranici v menju == Tutčas poglednul i uviděl, že bulgarska vikipedija ima linky do spoločnostij v discord i tg na glavnoj stranici v menju, v lěvoj jegovoj česti. Može byti, my takože budemo dodati? https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:29, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :Ne znaju, imaje li smysl popularizovati toj Diskord, on ne imaje ničto občo s Viki projektom, i Jan tam ne jest. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:16, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Nove možnosti translliteracije - sdělano == Blagodare dobrym ljudam, pomagavšim izměniti skript, pojavili se nove možnosti transliteracije.<br/>Šablon '''-''' dostavaje novu funkciju: <br/>Tuty šablon upravjaje transliteracijeju, izključaje ju za fragment teksta (kogda koristaje se s jednym parametrom), ili pokazyvaje razny tekst za latinicu i kirilicu (variant s dvoma parametrami).<br/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</nowiki></code>|| <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Jean-François</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Жан-Франсуа</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Джо Байден</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu {{-|Roundhay|Раундхеј}}» (1888) {{-|[[Louis Le Prince|{{-|Louis Le Prince'a}}]]|[[Louis Le Prince|Луи ле Пранса ({{-|Louis Le Prince)}}]]}} — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu Roundhay» (1888) Louis Le Prince'a — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Сцена в саду Раундхеј» (1888) Луи ле Пранса (Louis Le Prince) — најраннєјши известны филм в хисторији.</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>V Providence’u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>В Провиденсу</nowiki></code> |} <br /> <s>Čto ješče ne rabotaje: v mobilnoj versiji bude vsegda pokazyvati i latiničny i kiriličny varianty. Na rěšenju rabotajemo.</s> Vsečto uže rabotaje! [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:15, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Odlično! Nu izvini, ale vse vrěme ne razuměju, začto jest toj drugy šablon. Takože možno jest pisati: <nowiki>{{-|Jean-François (izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|Žan-Fransua (fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki>, i rezultat bude taky sam, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Jego sdělal Iohanen za test, rěšil ostaviti 😊 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:43, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::vot test obohdvoh šablonov na živom članku https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:48, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Mene lično dopoka nemnogo ustrašaje ta razlika medžu latiniceju i kiriliceju, ko ktoroj prihodímo. Napriklad, jesm musel v jednom slučaju sklonjati kirilicu i ne sklonjati latinicu 😢 Tako prijdemo ko dvom jezykam. Možlivo, bysmo mogli prěporučovati koristanje tutoj možnosti toliko v izključiteljnyh slučajah? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:04, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::A v kakom slučaju trěba bylo sklonjati kirilicu? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:13, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Tut byl variant ::::v Red Hook / v Ред-Хуку, ale já jesm dopoka našel izhod: ::::v apartamentu v četvrti {-|Red Hook|Ред Хук} [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:18, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::ješče v Providence / в Провиденсу [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:24, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:32, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::myslím, že rěšenjem jest vo Providensu / во Провиденсу, v Red-Huku / в Ред-Хуку. Ale, Lovecrafta/Лавкрафта, zato že ime [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:31, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:35, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::nu to jest podobno russkomu jezyku, kogda koristajut se kusky latinicy [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:37, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Točno. A tamtyh slučajah: {{-|v Providence’u, v Red Hook’u}}. Koristajuči novy možnosti, možno daže: <code><nowiki>«V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u»</nowiki></code>: «V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u». {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:40, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::nu to uże diko jest: во Провиденс-цу? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:42, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Vo Providence'u/ во Провиденсу izgledaje kompromisno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:44, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::interesno, trěba izučiti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:52, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::Gaulle на выдумки хитра (russko prislovje) ☺️ [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Vsim pozdrav, ide obnovjenje skripta, transliteracija ne bude někaky čas rabotati. Prosim izviniti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 17:47, 5 March 2026 (UTC) :Tak, vsečto jest izrěšeno, uže rabotaje i na mobilu. Mnogo děkuju adminam Vikipedije, ktore mnogo pomogli. Ura 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 19:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC) ::Vidžu! Fantastično! Hvala vsim, ktori pomogli! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:20, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Originalne <s>imena ljudij</s> i iztvorov umětnostij kako nazvy člankov == <s>Ja jesm natolkl se na toj problem, že ne věm, kako dějati lěpše... Jest članok o Johnu R. R, Tolkienu, zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano anglijskym jezykom. Trěba li takym že sposobom stvorjati i nove članky? A kako pisati vnutri članka?</s> <s>Ješče jesm ugleděl, že v poljskom jezyku imena sklanjajut se po pravilam jezyka, ale pišut se kako v originalu. Či možno li togda vnutri članka pisati, napriklad, ''... u Johna Ronalda Reuela Tolkiena...''? Ne bude li togda to mrzko izgledati v kirilici ''... у Jохна Роналда Реуела Толкиена...''? Abo trěba vnutri članka flavorizovati?..</s> P.S. Pomilujte, ja jesm slěpec, jedino tutčas uviděl jesm v vrhu to, kak to možno sdělati. Ješče jedna věč: jest članok o «Vladaru prstenjev», zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano na anglijskom jezyku («The Lord of the Rings»). Trěba li jego prěimenovati na medžuslovjansky jezyk? Myslim, že trěba, bo na vsakoj Vikipedije nazvy knig prěkladajut se na glavny jezyk Vikipedije. Cělkovito ne razuměm, kako rěšati tuto pytanje, ačekoli mně se kaže, že jego už obgovarjali, ale ja ne vidim rezultatov, pomilujte. S považenjem, [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|talk]]) 07:38, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Da, nazvanja knig jest trěba prěkladati, TLOTR in particular ☺️ Nužno jest tuty članok prěimenovati/prěměstiti, čto ne jest trudno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:21, 3 May 2026 (UTC) ::Točno, lěpje jest prěvoditi zaglavja knig, filmov i t.d., ale takože imaje byti prěnapravjenje od originalnogo zaglavja. Jesm prěimenoval TLOTR v [[Vladar prstenjev]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:14, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == Approval! == Great news! Interslavic Wikipedia will soon be approved! Committee member Jon Harald Søby posted the approval notice on the Talk Language Committee page! Finally! Let everyone know if anyone doesn't know yet, and let Jan know too! Victory! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-35104-48|&#126;2026-35104-48]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-35104-48|talk]]) 18:12, 15 June 2026 (UTC) :approved! 🎉 [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36378-17|&#126;2026-36378-17]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-36378-17|talk]]) 15:14, 23 June 2026 (UTC) : Radostno! [[Koristnik:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Таёжный лес|besěda]]) 23:48, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Administratorstvo == Dragi! Dnes nakonec naša Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija byla stvorjena. Blagoželaju nam vsim i imaju naděju, že naš projekt bude postojanno rasti! Ja jesm byl administrator v Inkubatoru, a takože vo vsih prědhodnyh versijah medžuslovjanskoj viki (od 2007 g.). Na žalost, administratorstvo ne bylo prěneseno avtomatično iz Inkubatora, zato trěba mně tu oficialno kandidatovati se na administratora. Jest několiko věčij, ktore tutčas trěba bude sdělati bystro. Napriklad, vy isto pametajete, že skoro vse stranice iz Medžuviki byli kopirovane ručno – bez jihnyh historij, čto jest narušenje avtorskyh prav – i zato ja hoču je stopiti s novějšimi versijami. Kromě togo, vsegda jest potrěbny někto, ktory odstranjaje spam, vandalizm i tako dalje. Prošu, glasujte poniže! Sut slědujuče opcije: {{-|<nowiki>{{Za}}, {{Protiv}}, {{Nevtralno}} i {{Primětka}}</nowiki>}}. Ne zabudite dodati svoj podpis (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). S srdečnym pozdravom, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:50, 24 junij 2026 (UTC) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:09, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}: Razuměje se, Jan nas dovedl tu kde jesmo, ov projekt bez jegovogo děla ne by ni egzistoval. On zakladaje se mnogo i obhodi se s pravdivymi ambicijami. Nadějem se budemo iměti uspěšny prvy god na živoj Vikipediji! :) – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 00:19, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 03:01, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} i potrěbujemo izbrati ješče 2-3 admini ili podadmini [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 06:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} Jan nas dovedl tam, kamo jesmo potrěbovali, i kako najaktivnějši člen občiny si zasluži byti administratorom. --[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:49, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}}, očevidno. Velika hvala vsim — to jest naš obči uspěh! [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 17:53, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} očevidno, Jan je tvorec medžuslovjanskogo. [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 01:05, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # Разумєје се {{Za}} [[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:FitikWasTaken|besěda]]) 13:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} prisjedinjaju se k vsemu vyše skazanomu. [[Koristnik:Noncinque|Noncinque]]([[Besěda s koristnikom:Noncinque|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (UTC+6) :Dobry večer, někake novosti o izbranju adminov? Hvalim voprěd [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:57, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini === {{Ping|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} i ostatni, kogo jesm ne vspomnil tut, prosim nehtěl by někdo se stati vtorym i tretjim adminom, da by Jan ne tegnul vsečto sam? Prosim takože vsih glasovati, hvalim voprěd. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:23, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) 09:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :Ja ne věm, ako byh iměl na to dostatok časa, i ja o tom budu razvažiti. Ja dekuju za prědloženje. [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:57, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) ::Da, dobro bylo by iměto ješče jednogo ili dvoh adminov. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], može li ty se kandiduješ? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :::Možno, budu, ale by se htělo lěpših kandidatov. ({{-|BTW}} izčezlo "odgovoriti", to jesm ja něčto slomil?) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:21, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Ja mogu prijmati vaše prizvanje do administratorstva. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:35, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]]: Super! Togda sdělajte oddělno zaglavje, da byhmo ne komplikovali žitje administratorom na Meta. ;) {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:44, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hvala @[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], tako izdělajemo, ale htělo by ješče i někogo, kdo znaje, kako rabotaje Vikipedija lěpje, než ja ili @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i od kogo by bylo vyše koristi. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:03, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) Zdrav! Ako naša občina to želaje, mogu sebe nominovati za administratora i administratora interfejsa. Primarno se interesujem rabotati na tehničnoj infrastrukturě projekta: šablony, moduly, CSS, JS/gadžety, botovanje, i t.d. Administrativne prava dobro prihodet zaradi izčrkavanja i iziskyvanja, importovanja i prěměščanja specifičnyh stranic, iz-medžu ostalogo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:02, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :@[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]]: To bylo by odlično! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:05, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm uže administrator (interfejsa) na srbskohrvatskoj Vikipedije i bylo by mně milo prenesti něčto znalosti odonud ovamo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:11, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini - glasovanje === Kandidati na druge admini sut dva, @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] i @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]], oni ne sut konkurenti, adminami mogut byti obadva, jestli budut poddržani, prosim za ili protiv njih takože glasovati tut (ne zabezpametajte glasovati i za Jana vgorě) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ==== Vipz ==== @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo opytnogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} – ne znam dobro člověka [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 10:59, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. Věrim jegovomu slovu o znanju interfejsa — tute znanja sut nam potrěbne. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:37, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}, očevidno! Izkušeny koristnik, črěz dolge lěta byl administrator Medžuviki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:38, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:07, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... ==== Marcoorio ==== @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo motivovanogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:40, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 15:47, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:08, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 12:58, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... == Kolikost člankov na latinici i kirilici == Dragi prijatelji! Ja myslju, že oprědělenje "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju" ne odgovarja enciklopedičnosti. Prědlagaju stvoriti kategoriju, katalog po tipu Spisok člankov na latinici i na kirilici. Začto? Da by točno razuměti, koliko u nas materialov jest napisano na oboh grafikah. Poka čto u nas sut tendencije k umenšenju pisanja člankov na kirilici. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 23:10, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :A či jest li potrěbno tuto ukazanje? Imajemo translitiraciju, zatom, na moj pogled, ne jest potrěbno ukazyvati, koliko člankov sut na kirilici/latinici. Takym tvrdženjem možemo odstrašiti tyh, kto znaje kirilicu i ne znaje latinicu (ako taki sut) abo někako inako prinesti zlu myslj, ale, očevidno, ju ne imajemo. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm obratil uvagu na fakt, že v članku "Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija" jest privedena taka informacija: "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju", ale ne ima spiska člankov po kirilici i latinici. Zato jesm pomyslil, že jest enciklopedično ukazovati točnu informaciju [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:52, 26 junij 2026 (CEST). Дља статистикы буде интересно. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Kako oprěděliti, latinica ili kirilica, bot/skript musi uděliti toliko tekst iz članka i sčitati latinične i kirilične bukvy? Napriměr, jestli vyše 70% teksta sut kirilične bukvy, on jest kiriličny? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 13:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :: А сут много чланков, кде оба писма? Вообче, по мојему мнєнју то пытанје технично. Просто, интересно, направду, кака у нас тутчас статистика. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:14, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Mnogo lingvističnyh člankov imajut kirilične tablicy, priměry teksta, kako Mansijsky jezyk i td. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:19, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Ili prosto, tekst s kiriličnymi nazvami razdělov jest kiriličnym 8-) Ako li sut razděly [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:22, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Za statistiku bylo by interesno, ale ja ne myslju, že taka kategorizacija jest potrěbna. Kromě togo dodavanje i poddrživanje tyh kategorij bude mnogo raboty. Někoj čas tomu nazad jesm prosto občislil, koliko iměli jesmo člankov na kirilici i latinici na osnově zaglavij (ne včisleči mojih člankov o kiriličnyh bukvah, ktore byli napisane latiniceju). Togda to bylo okolo 1/3 kirilice i 2/3 latinice. Kako to izgledaje tutčas, ja ne znaju. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 15:56, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm napravil osnovnu prověrku: v tutom momentu, 1,072 odnosno {{round|70.993377}}% nadpisov je na latinici, a 438 odnosno {{round|29.006623}}% vsih nadpisov na kirilici. Imějuči na umu različne dolžiny člankov, {{Round|88.523968}}% vsego teksta napisano je na latinici. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 16:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jestvuje že algoritm, ktory čisli kolikost člankov pravilno? A ako prosto načeti označovati članky kategorijami "Članok napisany kiriliceju" / "Članok napisany latiniceju", tako takože možno stvoriti po priměru togo algoritma algoritm, ktory v kategorijah bude čisliti članky. Ili sčitati ručno, s pomočju kategorij. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 16:44, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Razděljenje Krčmy == Dragi kolegi, hčemo razdvojiti [[Vikipedija:Krčma]] na několiko tematičnyh odděljenij? Za početok: Pravila i směrnice; Tehnika (ili Tehnične kvestije/pytanja); Jezyk i pravopis (ili Jezyčne kvestije/pytanja); Noviny. Tak možemo razbrěmeniti centralnu stranicu Krčmy i ulegšati slědovanje diskusij kogda-libo egzistuje potrěba diskutovati mnogo prědmetov jednočasno. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 14:23, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) : Јесм согласны. Але, по мојему мнєнју новины не трєба оддєљати од централној Крчмы. Лєпје јих видєти разом на централној. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:41, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Či ne lěpje li arhivovati stare diskusije? Krčma jest velmi těžka tutčas, ale imaje byti "{{-|village pump}}", selskoju studnoju, kde obgovarjaje se vsečto [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Dalšo pytanje, imajemo v menu "Portal občiny", čto nikuda ne vede. Imaje tam býti link do Krčmy? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:32, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm arhivoval stare poslanja v Krčmě. Pozdněje hoču takože dodati starějše sodržanje Krčmy na Medžuviki do arhiva, ale tutčas to ješče ne jest možno. ::Čto se tyče razdvojenja krčmy, ja ne jesm uvěrjen, jest li to smyslno. Imajemo tu može 10–20 aktivnyh učestnikov i obyčne sut samo dva ili tri aktivne prědmety na měsec. Napriklad, v maju bylo samo 14 pravok, a v aprilju 4. Ako tu bude zaisto mnogo aktivnosti, togda možno bude pomysliti o razdvojenju, ale v medžučasu ja byh ostavil Krčmu taku, kaka ona jest. Očevidno budut avtomatične poslanja na anglijskom jezyku od fondacije Wikimedia, ktore po mojemu mněnju možno bude arhivovati do oddělnogo arhiva. ::A Portal občiny... jest li nam on potrěbny? Ja by na tom město sdělal link do Krčmy, ale k tomu bude potrěbny administrator. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:05, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:20, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Jesm mněval, tutčas jesmo oficialna Vikipedija, itak bude mnogo vyše raboty i, slědovateljno, diskusije. Kogda avtomatične, masivne poslanja budut početi, one nas budut zakopati. Brda inojezyčnyh poslanij umějut dokladati tako zvanomu '{{-|[[:en:banner blindness|banner blindness]]u}}'. Tutošnje poslanja togda budut menje primětne, čto može pobudžati deficit lokalnoj aktivnosti. Jedno rěšenje jest arhivacija, nu časom ne budemo htěti arhivovati recentne poslanja. Drugo rěšenje jest čekati, viděti i onogda rěšati. Jesm oprěděljeny za koju-nebud opciju. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 08:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Pozdrav, Jane, čto jestli prosto dati vněšni link na kavárnu Medžuviki prěd linkom na arhiv na početku stranice? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:30, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja ne mnju, že Portal občiny ima vesti na Krčmu, na češskoj Vikipediji to napriměr vede na [[:cs:Wikipedie:Portál Wikipedie|tutu stranicu]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 19:24, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::@[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]]: Da da, ja znaju, ale češska Vikipedija jest veliky projekt. Menše viki često ne imajut taky portal, ili samo někaky kratky tekst ili prěnapravjenje na [[Vikipedija:Čto Vikipedija ne jest]]. Nyně my imajemo prěmalo stranic za taky portal, ale može poprobujemo stvoriti nečto, li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:55, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm samo daval priměr. Portal občiny ne jest besěda občiny. Ale v budučnosti možemo něčto takovogo izrabotati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:49, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) == Vikidane == Pozdrav. Kako toliko na Vikidane dodadut jezyčny kod <code>isv</code>, bude trěba tutu stranicu na Vikidane [[d:Q16503|dodati]]. Možno jest, že to za nas izdělajut administratori Vikidanyh, ibo ja jesm na besědě stranice kako ne prijavjeny koristnik napisal zajavjenje o dodanje (ja jesm byl v rabotě). Jednako bude poslě potrěba priložiti takože vsake članky. Česti se mogu prijeti tako ja, ale sam ja na to ne staču. Tyseč člankov jest mnogo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:51, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Nám oběčali sut, že to sdělaje robot (možlivo) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 08:52, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Možlivo v budučnosti, kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, ale nyně ne jest možno kako by robot funkcionoval bez dodanogo koda. Itak, robot bude potrěbovati čestičnu pomoč od koristnikov, ibo ne vse bude podojdti izrabotati avtomatično. Ače, umětna inteligencija by možno mogla tako isto funkcionovati. Ale kto bude priučati umětnu inteligenciju? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:20, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Administracija Viki nam to oběčaje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Da, to jest možlivo. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm chčel se zapytati. Kako jest tuta stranica povezana s drugymi stranicami na inych jezyčnyh verzijah? To ne jest izdělano skroz Vikidane, ibo tako Vikidane ne imajut naš jezyčny kod, daže to ne jest izdělano skroz interviki, ili ja jesm to ne ugledal? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:35, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::Ja už jesm to našel. Tehničny šablon <code><nowiki>{{INTERWIKI}}</nowiki></code> iz {{š|Zaglavje krčmy}}. Kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, tuten tehničny šablon ne bude jest zapotrěbny. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:46, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Tak 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::::Hvala. Tako jest, ja jesm izrabil šablon {{š|Šablon}} (kratky link {{š|Š}}), kako isto tehničny šablon dlja ostavjanja inyh šablonov. Tuten šablon bude jest potrěba praviti dlja različenja imennyh prostorov i zablokovanja linka veduči na ne egzistujuče stranice. Tutčasna verzija jest velmi prosta. Tako jest, tuten šablon tutčasno ne uměje parametry. Tako isto, to bude potrěba dodati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:21, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :V vslědnyh dnah bude naš jezyčny kod <code>isv</code> dodany do Vikidanyh, kako jest viděti [[phab:T430419|tu na Fabrikatoru]]. Hvala adminam Fabrikatora. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 09:00, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) :The change has been merged and will be deployed on Wednesday during MediaWiki Train [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 16:33, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:45, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Velika hvala. Thank you. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:08, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Hi, it is Wednesday, where are we? Many thanks [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:55, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Nothing yet, but if there's one thing I have learned from the whole process that led to the creation of this wiki, it's patience. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:41, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 00:43, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) == Translations == Hi! Zdravo! Lately I have been translating special pages and namespaces. I noticed that an Interslavic Wikipedia was created (since I am from Ukraine myself) and I was very happy. So, I want to offer localization for this Wiki, all I need is a list of the necessary special pages and namespaces with their translation. If translation is still needed, then tag me under the list. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:31, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hi, sorry this is already done I believe. Thank you anyway 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:36, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::This about links. For example: Special:AllPages — Specialna:Vse stranice. And also translating for other non translated special pages (BlockedExternalDomains for example) [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:42, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Na tom uže někdo tuž rabotaje, ale možlivo Jan tebe odepíše [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:43, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Maybe the "Special" namespace still needs translation, and the individual links to the special pages. The view name of the pages are already translated, or should be at least. But links and the namespace itself are still in English. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) == Kako jest slovo "pěskovišče" kategorizovano? == Ja jesm pytam, či jest slovo "pěskovišče" roda mužskoho ili srědnogo? Ja jesm ne našel tuto slovo v [https://interslavic-dictionary.com/ medžuslovjanskom slovniku], ktory ja upotrěbjaju na odgovory i ine pravky. V češskom jezyku tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo, tak samo ja mnju, že tako samo tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo tako v medžuslovjanskom. Ale ja znaju, že to ne jest vsegda pravda. Napriměr, slovo "šablon" jest roda mužskogo v medžuslovjanskom jezyku, ale to samo jest roda ženskogo v češskom jezyku. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:51, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Vse imenniky na '''-o''' (poslě tvroj suglasky) i '''-e''' (poslě mekkoj suglasky) sut srědnjego roda. Slova na '''-išče''' v občem označajut město. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:12, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Tako jest slovo "město" roda srědnjego, da? Togda pěskovišče musi byti roda srědnjego kako město, da? Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 20:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :ono jest [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 20:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm zabyl, odprašaju se. Tako hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:14, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) cgq2eurncgtamvsfas6s7ibbhfcnzt9 27799 27794 2026-07-01T23:48:05Z Sauit 76 /* Administratorstvo */ Odgovor 27799 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Zaglavje krčmy}} <!--- Napišite svoje soobčenje niže ---> == Link na Diskord-server na Glavnoj stranici == Na Glavnoj stranici tut: Ако вы имајете какеколи пытан​ја, проблемы, примєткы или прєдложен​ја, поставите јих в '''[[Incubator:Krčma|крчмє обчины]]''' или [https://discord.gg/nhRuYAc5Uq нашем Дискорд-серверу]. Diskord-link vede na server Safronowiec, ktory uže malo čto imaje občo s MS i vikipedijeju. Imaje li smysl jego izmeniti na aktualny MS Diskord? Ili takože dodati link na Telegram-čat? Velika hvala. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 06:45, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] – Čestno govoreči, ja ne jesm na Diskordu i ne znaju te servery. Jest li tam někaka grupa, ktora specifično zajmaje se MS Vikipedijeju? Ako ne, može bylo by lěpje dodati link k grupě na Telegramu. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:39, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, možno dati link na tuty razdel Diskorda, gde diskutuje se rabota na Vikipedii ::[[discord:channels/879438774323535914/1284479085871104075|• Discord | "Medžuslovjanska Wikipedija" | Medžuslovjansky • Меджусловјанскы • Interslavic]] ::či takože na telegram https://t.me/interslavic_wikipedia, ale myslim by bylo dobro prěd tym zapytati tamnogo admina ili vlastnika. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:13, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :::Grupa na Telegramu jest nemnožko aktivnějša, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:28, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Takože jestvuje stary Diskord-server za Medžuviki: https://discord.gg/Yp5QfFCPny, ktorogo vodil Lev. Oboje dnes neaktivny. Jestvuje li potrěba iměti sobstveny Diskord-server za Vikipediju? Forum-nit ne jest mnogo primětna. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 09:35, 6 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, tam ješče někto byvaje iz redaktorov, dodam tuty link do glavnoj stranicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:58, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Prědustavjeno pismo == Zdrav surabotniki! Jest nužno organizovati (povtoriti) razpravu o preferovanom pismu medžuslovjanskoj Vikipedije na domenu Fundacije Vikimedija, da byhmo iměli osnovu za tehničnu rabotu ktora odnese se na naše jezyčne kody <code>isv</code>, <code>isv-Latn</code>, and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> na Fabrikatoru ({{-|phabricator.wikimedia.org}}). [https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEuviki:Kavarnja#Vikipedija_na_med%C5%BEuslovjanskom Diskusije organizovane na sajtu Miraheze] – na Fabrikatoru oni ne uvažajut. Slědovateljno otvarjaju ovu diskusiju: ktoro pismo preferujemo i začto? – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 08:58, 9 January 2026 (UTC) Hey Vipz, I'll respond in English, so that members of the Language Committee will be able to follow this conversation as well. A few months ago, I went through all articles we have, and found that about 2/3 of our articles use the Latin alphabet and 1/3 use Cyrillic. Although I am not active on social media myself, I have the impression that the situation there is similar: the majority uses Latin, but a sizeable minority uses Cyrillic. Since Latin and Cyrillic being equal is one of the main design criteria of Interslavic, the conclusion is simple: it should be possible to use both alphabets, and they should, ''as far as possible'', be served equally well. In other words, we need a bidrectional script converter. I've been looking around a bit and found ca. 20 Wikipedia editions that work with some kind of script converter: * Our own converter runs on Javascript and has three options: the source page (Lat/Cyr), the Latin transliteration and the Cyrillic translation. It has the advantage that the system remembers the preferred script of the user, apparently by means of a cookie. In mainspace articles, this converter only transliterates the text, but not the page name and not the categories. On category pages, it transliterates the titles of the articles and subcategories it contains, as well as system messages like "Тхе фолловинг 4 пагес аре ин тхис цатегоры, оут оф 4 тотал." The only established Wikipedia with a converter that works like this is [[:got:|Gothic]]. * [[:sr:|Serbian]], [[:uz:|Uzbek]], [[:ku:|Kurdish]], [[:chr:|Crimean Tatar]], [[:iu:|Inuktitut]] and [[:shi:|Tachelhit]] have PHP-based converters with the same three options (f.ex. source, Lat., Kir.). Information about the script is contained in the URL. The system does not remember one's preferred script, so when a page is opened, it is always the source text that is displayed first. This converter also converts the page title and the categories it is in. On category pages it does the opposite from our current converter: it transliterates the page title and the categories it is in, but not the titles of the pages and the subcategories it contains. * [[:sh:|Serbocroatian]], [[:tg:|Tajik]], [[:tly:|Talysh]] and [[:zgh:|Amazigh]] have PHP-based converters with two only options (for example: Latinica/Ћирилица). As I've understood, these converters are unidirectional, so that all pages must be written in the same script. For the rest, they work the same as Serbian. * The Chinese ones (zh, wuu, gan, zh-yue) seem to work like either Serbian or Serbocroatian, but since I can't read Chinese, I haven't taken any closer look at them. * [[:tt:|Tatar]] and [[:cv:|Chuvash]] have one or sometimes two buttons next to the page name. Everything is transliterated, even the menu on the left. Appears to run on JavaScript. * [[:ban:|Balinese]] has no less than five variations, but I can't quite figure out how it works. It seems like it shows some transliteration version by default, but I'm not sure about that. * [[:mni:|Meitei]] offers transliteration into Bengali script, but that works only for the categories underneath a page and the first letters on category pages. * [[:cu:|Church Slavonic]]: every page has three links for three different script variants (including Glagolitic), but they don't seem to work anymore. [[:ang:|Anglo-Saxon]] has a similar thing that actually works. * Another five projects (ug, bug, hak, bbc, gom) have multiple scripts but instead of a converter they sometimes contain multiple versions of the same article, for example [[:bug:Balanda]]. We have done that too in the beginning, but it's way too high-maintenance to be workable. I've been told that JavaScript is considered a bad idea, because it doesn't work properly in Wikipedia apps for cell phones. This means that we need to use the PHP solution, and since we need the converter to be bidirectional, our only option is the solution used for Serbian. This does, however, have a few disadvantages: # It transliterates page titles, which is not always what we want. This shouldn't be problematic though, since the page title can be manipulated with a template, for example here: [[:sr:З (слово ћирилице)]] # However, it also transliterates the names of categories, which means that Latin and Cyrillic articles are all tossed into the same category. Articles names are listed there untransliterated. This is problematic, because we must consider that not every Latin-writing person can read Cyrillic, and not every Cyrillic-writing person can read the Latin alphabet. # Even if a category full of articles written in the Latin alphabet is transliterated into Cyrillic, it does not only show them in the Latin alphabet, but also in the alphabetical order of the Latin alphabet. # A user who prefers one of the two alphabets has to change it manually for each and every page. So here's my own preferred solution, if possible: # It can work exactly like the converter on Serbian Wikipedia does, except for one thing: it should NOT transliterate category names. # Instead, we have parallel categories for Latin and Cyrillic. Every article written in the Latin alphabet is placed in Latin categories and has a redirect in Cyrillic, which is placed in the Cyrillic counterparts of these categories. Articles with titles that cannot be transliterated, like [[Microsoft]] or [[Ж]], can be placed in both categories. This is, basically, the current situation. It has the advantage that every article can be found by navigating though the categories, and that they are placed in the correct alphabetical order (which for Cyrillic is different from the Latin order). # I am aware of the fact that this solution is not perfect: a Cyrillic user who follows a Cyrillic redirect will still end up with a Latin article in Latin categories, even if he switches to Cyrillic. This cannot be helped, I'm afraid. UNLESS it would be technically possible that the categories under a Latin article link to Latin categories, and the categories under a Cyrillic article to their Cyrillic equivalents. Would such a thing be possible? # It is not a matter of life or death, but it would be nice if a user's preferred orthography could be stored in a cookie, so that he/she won't have to change the orthography manually every time. This would be a nice-to-have. There are a few other issues, too, but I'll get back to that later. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:57, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan! This is a very insightful and nuanced reply. The issue of not having a default script on multi-scipt Wikimedia projects affects editors more so than readers. As of 2026, multi-script editing is, unfortunately, nothing more than a seldom mentioned concept ([https://diff.wikimedia.org/2018/03/12/supporting-languages-multiple-writing-systems/ Diff 2018 community blog article]; [[:c:File:Editing challenges on multi-script wikis (with speaker notes).pdf|Wikimania 2017 presentation]]). Some editors are less proficient or efficient with one of the scripts, and many do not know one or the other at all, and will therefore be uncomfortable editing articles in the said script. Until multi-script editing becomes a reality, having a default script is an option to be considered; whether it is a sensible sacrifice—to the benefit of one group (a majority) and detriment of the other (a minority)—is subjective, but alas. The other thing which concerns designation of a default script are fallback choices: <code>isv</code> should ''probably'' have a fallback sequence to one of the scripts, which ''could'' solve the issue of the system not recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv isv]</code> while recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Latn isv-Latn]</code> and <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Cyrl isv-Cyrl]</code>. In other words, we ought to support <code>isv</code>, but it makes no sense to translate it separately from <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code>, unless we intend to have an unwieldy and hideous solution to not favoring one or the other – by including them both in every localized interface, namespace, or message element. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 10:07, 10 January 2026 (UTC) ::Well, I think we shouldn't be over-zealous, but on the other hand, it's been almost twenty years now since I got involved with this language, and I can assure you that the alphabet issue has been a thing almost since day one. Every possible option between Latin-only and Cyrillic-only has its ardent supporters, and even though the Latin alphabet is used more often for Interslavic than Cyrillic, it remains a fact that about 3/4 of all Slavic people use Cyrillic. So treating one of them as merely a transliterated version of the other is out of the question. But it is also true that the average Pole, Czech or Slovene cannot read Cyrillic, whereas most Russians, Ukrainians and Bulgarians know the Latin alphabet at least to some degree, which gives the Latin alphabet a slight advantage nonetheless. It's not entirely clear to me what you mean by "fallback option", but if it means that <code>isv</code> is interpreted as "<code>isv-Latn</code> unless specified otherwise", I'd be perfectly fine with that.<br />Of course, there will always be imperfections. For a person who only knows the Latin alphabet it will be difficult to correct a typo in the Cyrillic text, or even to expand it with Latin text. For now, I think we should stick to the principle that a page written in Cyrillic stays in Cyrillic, and ''tant pis'' if you can't handle Cyrillic. But honestly, I don't think that's much of a problem at the moment. Most Interslavic users can understand both alphabets, and I'm sure the problem of multi-script editing will solve itself at some point.<br />For the record, transliteration between Latin and Cyrillic is pretty straightforward. The only inconsistency is the '''њ/нј''' issue found also in Serbian, but that's a minor thing that can easily be solved. That still leaves us with a few issues addressed [[:meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Interslavic#Writing system related issues|here]] by @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]]. More specifically, s/he mentions the possibility of using not only the ex-Yugoslavia method for displaying Cyrillic, but also the Russian method (''лю'' instead of ''љу''). If I understand correctly that the source code looks like [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Editing_challenges_on_multi-script_wikis_%28with_speaker_notes%29.pdf#page=29 this], such a thing could easily be implemented. The question is: do we want that? And another thing is that some users persistently use the etymological orthography (''mųž'', ''krålj'', etc.). If the converter can be programmed in such way that <code>'ų' => 'у'</code> and <code>'у' => 'u'</code>, then that would be a nice thing to have as well. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:40, 10 January 2026 (UTC) == Транслитерација со Јапонского == Поздрав! Какобы толико в източнословјанскых йезыках хирагану し / катакану シ транслитерујут како си/si. В вечинству језыков (вкључајучи словјански) пишут ши/shi/ši. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], може измєнити то [[Kacusika Hokusaj|сде]] на "Kacušika Hokusaj" або на "Kacušika Hokusai"? Како мыслите? --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 20:09, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Pozdrav, Murade, nazva ''Kacusika Hokusaj'' byla uže raněje v spisu potrěbnyh člankov, zato ja jesm to ostavil. Možno jest izdělati re-direkt na na ''Katsušika Hokusaj'' i to bude izobražati se na stranice. Tutčas, obratno, ja jesm prědělal vse japonske slova v članku na "''si''", "''dzju''", "''dzjo''" vměsto "''ši''", "''džu''", "''džo''" (Hepburnovo romaji ''shi'', ''ju'', ''jo''), i t.d. da by vsečto bylo v jednom standardu, ili možem to vratiti i ostaviti, kako bylo, s koristanjem jedino romaji transkripcije bez jej prěvoda do kirilicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:55, 12 January 2026 (UTC) Po mojemu mněnju to ne jest dobry pomysl. Nakoliko ja znaju, toj spisok potrěbnyh člankov sdělal Lev, a on vse bazoval na russkoj transkripciji. Problem jest v tom, že ta transkripcija jest osnovana na principu, že v russkom suglasky prěd '''и''' i '''е''' sut avtomatično palatalizovane. Izgovor '''シ''' i '''チ''' zaisto zvuči bolje kako poljske {{-|'''ś'''}} i {{-|'''ć'''}} neželi kako russke '''ш''' i '''ч''', ale v medžuslovjanskom to ne rabotaje tako. Sdělal jesm tabelku s někojimi problematičnymi znakami i uvidite, že daže ukrajinsky i srbsky koristajut '''ш''' i '''ч'''. Pozrite tu (poslědnji stolp jest moje prědloženje za medžuslovjansky): {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" style="text-align:center;" ! jap. !! ang. !! čes. !! rus. !! ukr. !! srb. !! isv |- | サ || sa || sa || са || са || са || sa / са |- | シ || shi || ši || си || ші || ши || ši / ши |- | シャ || sha || ša || ся || шя || ша || ša / ша |- | タ || ta || ta || та || та || та || ta / та |- | チ || chi || či || ти || чі || чи/ћи || či / чи |- | ツ || tsu || cu || цу || цу || цу || cu / цу |- | チャ || cha || ča || тя || чя || ча/ћа || ča / ча |- | ニャ || nya || nja || ня || ня || ња || nja / ња |- | ワ || wa || wa || ва || ва || ва/уа || wa / ва |- | ザ || za || za || дза || дза || за || za / за |- | ジ || ji || dži || дзи || джі || ђи || dži / джи |- | ジャ || ja || dža || дзя || джя || ђа || dža / джа |- | ダ || da || da || да || да || да || da / да |- | ヂ || ji || (dži) || (дзи) || (джі) || ђи || dži / джи |- | ヅ || zu || (zu) || (дзу) || (дзу) || зу || zu / зу |- | ヂャ || ja || (dža) || (дзя) || (джя) || (ђа) || dža / джа |- ! colspan="7" | razširjena katakana |- | ス || su || su || су || су || су || su / су |- | スィ || si || (si) || сы || (сі) || (си) || si / си |- | テ || te || te || тэ || те || те || te / те |- | ティ || ti || (ti) || ти (ты) || ті || ти || ti / ти |} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) : Одлично табло! Але по мојему мнєнју ако измєнити za / за на dza / дза (и zu / зу на dzu / дзу) тогды је было бы фонетично идеално (не по Поливанову и не по Хепберну оногдашње). --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 18:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, jesm tako(d)že suglasny [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:05, 12 January 2026 (UTC) == Remaining issues == Dear all, since it probably won't be long now before our Interslavic Wikipedia will finally be approved, there are still a few issues to be resolved. {{Ping|Ilja isv|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} Your attention please! === Transliteration === First of all, there's the issue of transliteration, see above under [[Incubator:Krčma#Prědustavjeno pismo]]. The system used by the Serbian Wikipedia has the advantage that we can have the same article both in Latin and Cyrillic without having to resort to back-transliterations. In other words, we won't be forced to write "Džorž Buš" instead of "George Bush" in the Latin alphabet to avoid Cyrillic transliterations like "Георге Бусх". At present, transliteration is taken care of with JavaScript in [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.js MediaWiki:Common.js]. When we move to the system used by the Serbian Wikipedia (which IMO is the only sensible solution, see above), the same transliteration rules should be transferred to whatever system they use there, preferably with a few additions: '''bidirectional:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" | a || b || c || č || d || e || ě || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || lj{{FN|*)}} || m || n || nj{{FN|*)}} || o || p || r || s || š || t || u || v || y || z || ž || ä || ö || ü |- | а || б || ц || ч || д || е || є || ф || г || х || и || ј || к || л || љ || м || н || њ || о || п || р || с || ш || т || у || в || ы || з || ж || ӓ || ӧ || ӱ |} '''unidirectional Lat &rarr; Cyr:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | á || å || a || ć || ď || đ || ė || è || é || ę || í || ľ || ĺ || ł || ń || ň || ȯ || ò || ó || qu || ŕ || ř || ś || ť || ú ||ų || ů || w || x || ý || ź || ż |- ! to | а || а || а || ч || д || дж || е || е || е || e || и || л || л || л || н || н || о || о || о || kv || р || р || с || т || у || у || у || в || кс || ы || з || ж |} '''unidirectional Cyr &rarr; Lat:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | ґ || ѓ || ђ || ѣ || ё || ѕ || і || ї || й || ќ || ћ || ў || џ || щ || ъ || ь || э || ю || я |- ! to | g || dž || dž || ě || jo || dz || i || ji || j || č || č || v || dž || šč || — || — || e || ju || ja |} {{FNBox|Note: {{FNZ|*)|I don't know if there is a way to distinguish between Љ (LJ) and Љ (Lj), but since fully capitalized text is rare, I guess Љ &rarr; Lj and Њ &rarr; Nj will do.}} }} === Alphabetical order === Another thing is the alphabetical ordering of articles in, for example, categories. The current situation is that Cyrillic letters absent in Russian – like Є, Њ and Ј – come before А. It is necessary that the right alphabetical order is followed, which preferably should also include letters not used in Interslavic but used in other Slavic languages, as they may appear in categories as well: '''Latin:'''<br /> <big>'''a''' á ä ą å '''b c''' ć '''č d''' ď '''e''' é è ė ę '''ě f g h i''' í '''j k l''' ł ľ ĺ '''lj m n''' ń ň '''nj o''' ò ó ȯ '''p''' q '''r''' ŕ ř '''s''' ś '''š t''' ť '''u''' ú ů ų '''v''' w x '''y''' ý '''z''' ź '''ž''' ż</big> '''Cyrillic:'''<br /> <big>'''а б в г''' ґ '''д''' ђ ѓ '''е''' ё '''є''' ѣ '''ж з''' ѕ '''и''' й і ї '''ј к л љ м н њ о п р с т''' ћ ќ '''у''' ў '''ф х ц ч''' џ '''ш''' щ '''ы''' э ю я</big> === Dates === * The standard format for dates is: <code>dd.mm.yyyy</code> * In dates, month names should always be in the genitive case. Although these genitives are defined on translatewiki.net, that doesn't seem to work in the Recent changes, Watchlist etc. === Numbers === When a number is followed by a noun, the corresponding case differs: * 1: nominative singular (1 dom) * 2–4: nominative plural (2 domy) * 0 and 5–19: genitive plural (5 domov) * all higher numbers ending with 1: nominative singular (101 dom) * all higher numbers ending with 2–4: nominative plural (102 domy) * all higher numbers ending with 0 or 5–9: genitive plural (100 domov, 105 domov) === Namespaces === {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! colspan="2" | Namespace || colspan="2" | Talk |- ! English || Interslavic || English || Interslavic |- | (main) || (glavny) || Talk || Besěda |- | User || Koristnik || User talk || Besěda koristnika |- | Wikipedia || Vikipedija || Wikipedia talk || Besěda vikipedije |- | File || Fajl || File talk || Besěda fajla |- | MediaWiki || MediaWiki || MediaWiki || Besěda MediaWiki |- | Template || Šablon || Template talk || Besěda šablona |- | Help || Pomoč || Help talk || Besěda pomoči |- | Category || Kategorija || Category talk || Besěda kategorije |- | Portal || Portal || Portal talk || Besěda portala |- | Module || Modul || Module talk || Besěda modula |- | Gadget || Gadžet || Gadget talk || Besěda gadžeta |} I hope I haven't forgotten anything! === The code ISV === * In interwiki links, the language should appear as: <code>Medžuslovjansky / меджусловјанскы</code> * The English name of the language is "Interslavic". * There still appear to be issues with the language code <code>isv</code>. In Babel boxes, for example, <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> work, but <code>isv</code> does not. * I guess using <code>isv</code> shoud have a fallback sequence to <code>isv-Latn</code>, as [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] suggested. === Transliteration once more === ''Theoretically'' it will be possible to add unidirectional solutions to additional writing systems, like Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. Personally, I am not in favour of such a solution though. That's pretty much all I can think of. Comments? Suggestions? Opinions? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:51, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Finally! That is some great news. :All the points touched here make sense to me. :I am also against additional transliteration to either Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. It would add more confusion IMO. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:07, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :jesm popravil tabelu Namespaces [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:09, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::O, hvala za popravku, to je byla moja glupost! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:39, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi Jan, :Many thanks for this communication. :My idea of selective automatic both-way transliteration is as follows.<br />Now we have a template to block transliteration for a piece of text :<pre>{{-|text not to be transliterated}}</pre> :all it does only adding HTML tag :<pre>&lt;span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"&gt;text not to be transliterated&lt;/span&gt;</pre> :that is analized by transliteration gadget that ignores the text between tag borders. This tag can be also used "manually" when use of template is not possible due to wikitext syntax (e.g. text of hyperlink etc.), so we have more or less two tools to control transliteration now. :I would propose to add one more template for selective transliteration, for example :<pre>{{LatCyr|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan Fransua|1}}</pre> :where:<br/> :''Jean-François'' - (obligatory parameter) text in original language in Latin script (name)<br/> :''Жан-Франсуа'' - (obligatory parameter) text in cyrillic (phonetical transliteration)<br/> :''Žan Fransua'' - (optional) phonetic latin<br/> :''1'' - (optional) when this is present, the name appears first time on the article and it could be displayed with phonetic latin in parentheses (could be useful when uncommon languages for the reader are used). :This template could work same way adding HTML class tags (these need to be created for original latin, cyrillic and phonetic latin). The translit script could be modified so it sees the tags and modifies text as per current isv graphic selection setting. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Examples |- ! Parameters !! lat/cyr !! Renders as |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа (Jean-François) |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || lat || Jean-François (Žan-Fransua) |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |lat |Jean-François |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |cyr |Жан-Франсуа |- |<nowiki>Györ|Дьёр|Ďjor|1</nowiki> |lat |Györ (Ďjor) |} :Would this proposal be of interest? :It would still require somepone to program the gadget and admin rights to place it on the wiki section. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:21, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Yes, this certainly makes sense. The language converter can easily be embedded in the current <tt><nowiki>{{-|...}}</nowiki></tt> template. Normally the language converter would expect something like:<br /><tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl:Жан-Франсуа }-</nowiki></tt>.<br />The remaining two fields can easily be handled in the template itself, I think. But on the other hand, the same functionality can also be achieved simply by using the same template twice: <tt><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}} {{-|(izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|(fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki></tt> If that's the case, then parameters 3 and 4 wouldn't even be necessary. One thing I'm not entirely sure about myself, is what happens when you open a page ''before'' picking an orthography. At that moment the system doesn't know whether the page is in Latin or in Cyrillic orthography. I *think* this is done by adding a third parameter: <tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl: Жан-Франсуа; isv: Jean-François }-</nowiki></tt> Anyway, the advantage of all this is that we won't immediately have to change all pages where it is used. In many cases the template is used for expressions that shouldn't be transliterated at all, like "{{-|Microsoft}}". Those cases won't be affected by the change at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 11:01, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan, yes, this could be the way to go. Still need some time to understand better the way the gadget works but would like to start trying soonest. Cheers, [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:53, 12 February 2026 (UTC) === Script === {{-|''(added a header for clarity)''}} :So, today is a great day as I tried first time the vibe-codng with Google AI mode to modify transliteration script. :My proposal is to use 3 classes that will be added by template (or manually) to mark 3 options of text. :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Latn">Jean-François</span></pre> :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Cyrl">Жан-Франсуа</span></pre> :<pre><span class="alphabet-isv">Žan-Fransua</span></pre> :Depending on user alphabet setting, only one of the three will be displayed.<br/> :Herewith the code that needs to be added to the script, in the very beginning, after description remark (starting line 9). :<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript" line="1" start="9"> /** This part is added by [[Koristnik:Ilja_isv]], vibe-coded with Google AI /** Sorry code is removed since it did not work in the end </syntaxhighlight> :@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], may I ask you to add this code to Common.js so we could test? It takes admin rights to modify the javascript. I can send the complete modified script file if this is easier, I have a backup of original Common.js for the case of failure and the tags for testing entered in the sandbox. Thanking you in advance for help, hope it will work. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::Unfortunately, being a test admin I do not have the rights to edit Common.js (I actually tried a while back, to no avail). Perhaps [[Koristnik:Iohanen]] can be of help here? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you Jan, will contact. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:19, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Jan, one more idea: we can also test changes at old Miraheze space, the gadget script is identical. Do you have admin rights there or do you know the admin? I do not even have a login. The script file there is called Gadget-alphabet.js: :::https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-alphabet.js :::Just someone will also need to make a test page with tags to see how it works. :::Many thanks. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Yes, I can modify the alphabet gadget on Miraheze. What exactly do you want me to do? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:21, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Hvala Jane, myslím, zajutra večer budu odpovědati, prěd tym uže ne budu iměti čas. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::I had a reply from Iohanen, hvala za kontakt, it is: ::::::https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Iohanen?markasread=2792850&markasreadwiki=incubatorwiki#c-Iohanen-20260224173800-Ilja_isv-20260224114000 ::::::Will follow up in 1-2 days [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 05:35, 25 February 2026 (UTC) :::::No need to do anything, thanks to Iohanen, we have now a workable and tested script. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:38, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :::I have modified the '''- '''template, it can have 2 parameters now. If there is only one parameter, this text will be excluded from transliteration. If there is a second parameter present, first parameter is considered Latin, second is considered Cyrilic. When we install updated gadget script, either one or the other will be displayed, depending on language setting. Default is Latin (if Lat./Cyr is a choice or no choice made yet). {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <pre>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</pre>|| <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> || <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</pre> || <pre>Jean-François</pre> || <pre>Жан-Франсуа</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</pre> || <pre>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</pre> || <pre>Джо Байден</pre> |} :::As we already have a perfectly working script (great thanks to [[Koristnik:Iohanen]]), I will ask administrators to install it and we have the problem solved. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:45, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:51, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi All, ::::Good news: the script and new templates are implemented and work. I will publish a tutorial shortest possible. Congratulations to all participants 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:27, 28 February 2026 (UTC) ::::<s>Bad news: does not work in the mobile version, both Cyrillic and Latin are displayed, which was not like that during tests.</s> <s>Next point to address.</s> Done, all works now. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:29, 28 February 2026 (UTC) === Approval === {{-|''(moving this to a separate section to avoid cluttering)''}} Where did you get the information that Wp/isv is about to be approved? On the discussion page, the Language Committee members are ignoring it again, but as soon as someone posted about another project, it immediately received a response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-98653-7|&#126;2026-98653-7]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-98653-7|talk]]) 21:08, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :I've been discussing the issue of the script converter with a member of the Language Committee, that's way. I know they could have approved our project already a year ago, but there's not much point in mulling over that now. I suggest we simply keep working on this wiki, approval will come by itself. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:37, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :: What kind of stories are you telling us? How many times has this happened? People are wasting their precious time on this instead of something more useful. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10102-52|&#126;2026-10102-52]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10102-52|talk]]) 13:57, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::LOL, login under your real name. Why are you even here? :::If you're feeling that you are wasting your time here, you know where the door is, right? I strongly encourage you to go and do something more useful. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 14:03, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Can't say I disagree. Negativity won't get us anywhere, that's for sure. Ultimately, we'll get there, and all the work we are doing here will soon end up in a real Interslavic wikipedia anyway, so it's definitely not a waste of time. And, if I may say so, complaining is a much bigger waste of time than actually contributing. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:45, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::: Look. It's a dead project; it only has four active users. Part of that is your fault, after all, you kept telling everyone the project was about to be approved (but it never happened). And I'll disappoint you a little: activity usually declines after a domain is created. I'd advise everyone to be more accepting of criticism. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10115-37|&#126;2026-10115-37]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10115-37|talk]]) 17:58, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Listen, brave man. If you want anyone to take your “criticism” even remotely seriously, you need to log in so we can see what your stake is and what you’ve actually contributed. Until then, you’ll simply come across as a troll or a saboteur. ::::::When we need your advice, we’ll ask for it. For now, you can tone it down and keep your advice to yourself. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:52, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::: Wikimedia has a [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal%20Code%20of%20Conduct universal code of conduct]. I recommend you read it. I've been following this project for several years, sometimes making anonymous edits. And I have the right not to register as long as Wikimedia Foundation projects allow this option. Your requests are rejected. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10259-25|&#126;2026-10259-25]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10259-25|talk]]) 20:07, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Too many recommendations for anonymous "editor", buddy. You're dismissed and free to go. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 21:36, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::All emotions aside, I don’t really understand your frustration about the situation or your negativity toward Jan. I’m pretty sure Jan was simply passing on to the community what he himself had been told. ::::::::I don’t think anyone involved in this project expects it to suddenly become hugely popular. For me, it’s about steady work and gradually onboarding new learners of Interslavic. ::::::::Personally, everything I write here — and everything I do in life — I do primarily for myself. I don’t expect large audiences or dramatic results. If you feel like you’ve wasted your time because you were expecting something bigger, maybe the issue isn’t the project itself but the expectations attached to it. ::::::::If exposure and visibility are what you’re looking for, there are platforms built exactly for that. Like TikTok for example. But this project has always been about consistent effort and long-term development, not instant recognition. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:31, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::And if you truly have such deep knowledge of the future and already know how everything is going to turn out, maybe you should try day trading. With that kind of foresight, you’d probably make millions — and then all the time you think you “wasted” on our small project would fade away like a bad dream. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:34, 15 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::That's right. Perhaps I've been premature with my assumptions, but they were not entirely without reason. First of all, we already met all the necessary requirements by October 2024 (five editors contributing regularly during a period of a few months + translated interface), and secondly, in January 2025 a member of the Language Committee confirmed that the project was ready for approval. Honestly, I have no idea why that still hasn't happened, and believe me, nobody feels more frustrated about this sluggishness than me. At first, I thought it was because of the label "constructed language", but given the fact that a wikipedia in Toki Pona was approved – even though it it's not even an auxiliary language and even though it wasn't even in the Incubator – that's can't really be the reason. And yes, of course I am disappointed that some active contributors haven't shown up for a long time. Neither do I understand why [[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] requested Interslavic Wikipedia on Meta and started this wiki on the Incubator, since he never contributed anything of substance afterwards. Still, no matter what, the best we can do is simply carry on. Showing that we *can* do it is precisely what the Incubator is meant for. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:01, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::And anonymous, you call this a dead project, but at the same time you noted yourself that other projects with less users and less content are being approved, so apparently it's not *that* dead after all. You say that we should be more accepting of criticism, but the point of criticism is to improve something, not to frustrate it. If you have ideas about how to improve this project, we are all ears, and if you care about this project, you are more than welcome to contribute. But if you don't, then I don't quite understand why you bother making these comments at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:03, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: I don't remember saying this, but I would have said the same thing. You need to clearly define your goal and determine whether it's achievable. If not, then move on to other goals. Here, it's like knocking on a closed gate. Sometimes they say something or wink, but the gate remains closed. I have ideas, but first you need to stop knocking on closed gates. It's really sad. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10286-28|&#126;2026-10286-28]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10286-28|talk]]) 11:38, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::I don't think it's like knocking on a closed gate. Look what happened with our ISO code. Our first two requests were rejected for stupid reasons and the third request took almost five years to be validated: first because they simply forgot about it, and then because it was stalled because they were reformulating their policies. It seems like they didn't quite know what do to with Interslavic, for example, whether they should qualify it as natural or a constructed language. So yes, I am kind of having a ''déjà-vu'' here. And again, I don't why it is taking them so long. The language itself shouldn't be the problem anymore, since its eligibility was established already in October 2024. My best guess is simply that the majority of the LangCom members are barely active, and that the remaining members are hesitant because of the extra work that needs to be done with regard to script conversion and the like. But ultimately ''upornost se izplati''. And anyway, it's not like we have an alternative here. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:37, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: There are alternatives. In fact, with the development of AI, Wikipedia's role is gradually diminishing. Just look at the statistics: activity is declining in many editions (for example, in Russian, but the situation is no better in other Slavic editions). The situation is only good in languages ​​with a large number of native speakers (English, Spanish, French). This project will ultimately be edited by a relatively small group of enthusiasts. If the project is for enthusiasts, work can be done anywhere (on other wiki projects, etc.) whithout frustration. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 14:26, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::The relationship between Wikipedia and AI is a problem in itself, but there's not much point in speculation about the future. Besides, following your logic, we might as well close all Wikipedias except the English one. You are right about one thing: if the Interslavic Wikipedia were purely intended for enthusiasts of Interslavic, Miraheze or whatever other wikifarm might do. But that's not the point. This wiki should serve as an additional source of information for Slavic speakers. The reason we need a separate Wikipedia project is that people can find it, for example via interwiki links. As long as it is stored here or in some wikifarm, nobody will be able to find it. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:05, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::: This isn't quite the correct continuation of my logic: sections don't need to be closed, but activity will gradually decline. They will remain as encyclopedias, but will be preserved (AI will take information from there for itself). As for whether people will be able to find this project through interwiki, that's doubtful; interwiki is badly presented in the current Wikipedia skin. It's easy to search there if you know exactly which language you need. But it's possible that some people will still find this project through interwiki. As a source of information, people prefer to read in their native language. What you said could have been expected 10-20 years ago. If they can't find information in their language, they'll translate it from the language in which it exists (most likely, English). The quality of translation in online translators is much better now. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 09:09, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::Good news. A thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia" has appeared on the Langcom Mailing List. I hope we get a positive response soon. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-17126-63|&#126;2026-17126-63]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-17126-63|talk]]) 20:12, 18 March 2026 (UTC) :::I'm really starting to get the impression that langcom is deliberately ignoring wp/isv. Jon Harald Søby created a thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia," but it received no response, either positive or negative. However, another thread appeared there and received an almost immediate response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18779-70|&#126;2026-18779-70]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18779-70|talk]]) 11:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::: That's true. But in reality, there are plenty of such threads. Someone wants approval, no one responds, or no one responds positively, and approval is delayed. Don't count on approval soon; it will be several years away. I especially don't recommend relying on the nearly dead Langcom.--[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18633-18|&#126;2026-18633-18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18633-18|talk]]) 11:30, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Years? Is it really that bad? What's the point of writing anything here if there will never be approval? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18861-96|&#126;2026-18861-96]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18861-96|talk]]) 13:56, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::: Honestly, I don't know why they're doing this. It's been clear many times that Langcom doesn't want to approve this project and will delay approval as long as possible. Sooner or later, this leads to burnout (maybe Langcom is counting on it). Note that Langcom hasn't offered any apologies or justifications, as if this is a normal situation. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18833-94|&#126;2026-18833-94]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18833-94|talk]]) 15:57, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ura! Sračky 😂 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 21:35, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Very good news! Other members of the language committee have responded, and it's safe to say that Interslavic Wikipedia is practically approved. All that's left is to leave a notification about the proposal being approved, and now all that's left is to create isv.wikipedia.org. Finally, it's isv's turn. Thank you for continuing to create articles and staying active. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31741-38|&#126;2026-31741-38]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-31741-38|talk]]) 03:13, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == Wiktionary == ''(moving this to a separate item to avoid cluttering)'' When we receive approval, will it automatically give us the option to create a Wiktionary for Interslavic, or do we need to apply for that separately? I already have some ideas and plans for it. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 15:45, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Setting up a separate Wiktionary would require a separate application process on [[m:Requests for new languages|Meta]]. Approval will probably come easier if Interslavic already has its own Wikipedia, though. Theoretically, you could also start creating a Wiktionary in the Incubator, here: [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/isv Wt/isv]. Yet I am wondering: what would be the point of a Wiktionary for Interslavic? We already have our multilingual dictionary at https://interslavic-dictionary.com/, and there's the same dictionary at http://steen.free.fr/interslavic/dynamic_dictionary.html. Keeping those two in line with each other is already quite a lot of work. Wouldn't it be better to keep all our eggs in one basket, instead of having even more dictionaries around? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:42, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::Well, in reality, I'm just experimenting. ::In theory, there is an automated or at least semi-automated way to add articles to Wiktionary straight from the dictionary database, so the labor part should not be that difficult. ::What I did is I've created a fork of the dictionary that is using the same database and did slight improvements to it's UI, so now you can compare multiple words at the same screen and you can also look up the Wiktionary article straight from the interface, just by pressing the hyperlink. Creating Interslavic Wiktionary obviously would allow me to add the links to Interslavic Wiktionary. ::Wiktionary by definition is something that anyone can edit, so: ::# People would add new words more easily (Yes, there is a problem with verifying if those words are good or not, but in general it would give more power to the community vs. now, when suggesting something to Interslavic dictionary seems more like a bureaucratic process rather than a community contribution). ::# People could modify articles about the words in Interslavic and add contexts, translations to their natural languages, usage examples, etc. (Think of https://context.reverso.net/) ::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:04, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::I've also revived the Slovnik Bot in Telegram and modified it a little bit, so it's also showing links to Wiktionary articles in corresponding languages. :::In theory, if people will add the use cases in Interslavic, this bot would be able to spit it out to users in Telegram. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::The slovnik fork is available here :::https://interslavic.forum/slovnik/ :::I'm still working on it, but it's pretty much done for now. :::It allows you to compare up to 4 words on the same screen and look up the Wiktionary articles for corresponding language. :::This is just something I'm constantly using in writing texts. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:10, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::In general, I'm just trying to integrate the existing infrastructure of Interslavic with what Wikipedia offers. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Well, I can certainly see the potential advantages of a Wiktionary. It could, for example, help in translating the dictionary into other languages. The thing is only that the official Interslavic dictionary is being worked on by a whole team of people. Errors are being corrected, new words are being added, and sometimes existing words are being replaced or simply kicked out. The problem with forked dictionaries is that sooner or later they will be obsolete. Besides, we can't have people adding stuff that hasn't been properly researched. That's why I am a bit hesitant here. But if you really want to try it, I cannot stop you, of course. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:50, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :This is a UI fork, mostly visual difference and additional features. It's connected to the same google document just as official dictionary. The only difference for now is that I've fixed individual declensions for some words (jejin, obědvě) (also I've committed the changes to official dictionary, it's just a matter for someone to approve the changes). :I'm not trying to create my own dictionary, but I'd like the work to go faster and I'd like to have a more participatory mechanism for the community. :Wiktionary would be a part of this mechanism. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:28, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Okay, we can of course give it a try. And like I said, I can surely see quite a few advantages of the idea. My only concern is, who is going to manage all this? Starting it in the Incubator is possible for sure, but if it's going to be a one-man show, it will probably stay there forever. Personally, I'd much rather we concentrate on Wikipedia now, which is already more than enough work. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:07, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::I'll try to see how far I can go with it. If I fail, I fail, no biggie. I promise I will keep writing here on Wiki :) [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:16, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I also do see potential in empowering people. When we know that our voice matters and we can affect something, it is in itself a very inspiring thing. I may be too naive and idealistic tho. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:21, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::[[Wt/isv/Main Page]] :::I've created the Main Page and in process of importing the words from the dictionary. :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], I was thinking translating some of your materials from English to Interslavic on word formation, voting machine, etc to create Help page, can I have your permission? :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] @[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] @[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] @[[Koristnik:Danvintius Bookix|Danvintius Bookix]] @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]] @[[Koristnik:Medžuslovjanin|Medžuslovjanin]] @[[Koristnik:Ferpaks|Ferpaks]] @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] @[[Koristnik:Aula Orion|Aula Orion]] @[[Koristnik:Panslav|Panslav]] @[[Koristnik:Orbitminis|Orbitminis]] @[[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] @[[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] @[[Koristnik:Plameniled|Plameniled]] @[[Koristnik:Miłosz Czaniecki|Miłosz Czaniecki]] @[[Koristnik:Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров]] @[[Koristnik:Qiorly|Qiorly]] @[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] @[[Koristnik:SzymonV|SzymonV]] @[[Koristnik:Asank neo|Asank neo]] @[[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] @[[Koristnik:Machine of goodness|Machine of goodness]] @[[Koristnik:Snovid|Snovid]] :::If anyone has any suggestions, I'd love to hear it. :::So far my plan is the followinɡː :::[[Wt/isv/Vikislovnik:Propozicija měseca#Dorabotati Vikislovnik]] [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 01:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi GlěbDyndar, I can see the Wiktionary already on the incubator, and found a nice side-effect for Wikipedia incubator: when editing in Visual mode, selecting a noun in Nominative or a verb in infinitive, and pressing Ctrl-K (to insert hyperlink) it also shows possible links to the Wiktonary, so this option could be used for spell checking 😎 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 13:40, 19 March 2026 (UTC) :::::That would be awesome! Having something to check spelling against is beneficial for the wiki. Yes, there is an official Interslavic Dictionary available, but it's not really built into Wikipedia, it would be really interesting to see it imported into the Wiktionary in its full extent and interconnected with the Wikipedia for spellcheck. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|contribs]]) 14:19, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: First of all, it's not that it takes up a lot of memory. Wiki projects use templates. A volunteer user who might want to edit Wiktionary doesn't need to know HTML and CSS. Learn to create templates first. The original wiki code, consisting almost entirely of HTML and CSS, is what we had in the past. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 16:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Да говно эти шаблоны, в эпоху ИИ от них толку мало, ебешься три года ради того, что ИИ напишет за секунду. А потом если нужно какую строчку добавить или убавить в карточке, снова нужно лезть в этот шаблон и выяснять что там к чему. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::все новое - это хорошо забытое старое) :::::::::Шаблоны были сделаны, чтоб облегчить жизнь тем, кто не может кодить. Сейчас кодить может каждый, соответственно шаблоны летят мимо. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:10, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: Whether it's good or bad, that's the way things are done in Wikimedia projects. So, don't blame anyone else. You can easily create your own beautiful wiki project without templates in the AI ​​era. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 10:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Да не переживай ты так, учитель) Разберусь, что мне делать. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 16:24, 15 May 2026 (UTC) == Sravniti vs. sravnjati vs. sravnivati == slovnik ima 'sravnjati' kak imperfect, ale iz mojego pogleda, bylo by razumněje pisati "sravnivati", ibo priblizno vse jezyky imajut dodatny slog v tutom slovu v imperfektu "sravnjati" za mene imaje smysl "uravnjati", "sdělati jednakovym", na angl. ''to level'' čto myslite? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Nu znaješ, "sravnjati" prosto jest regularno stvorjena nesovršena forma sovršenogo glagola "sravniti". V dolgoj historiji medžuslovjanskogo jezyka vsegda jesmo usilovali, že jezyk jest kako možno regularny. Zato ''-ati > -yvati'', a ''-iti > -jati''. Očevidno, byli by takože druge možnosti, napr. ''-ati > -avati'' iili ''-iti > -ivati''. Ale my jesmo izbrali te formy, ktore sut najbolje razprostranjene po slovjanskyh jezykah. Poněkogda te druge formy na indivualnoj osnově daže mogut byti lěpše, ale ne hočemo vvesti v jezyk veče neregularnostij, neželi sut potrěbne. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:01, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, Jane, ja dobro razuměm i pametam vaše pojasnjenje o logikě impf.-pf. glagolov v MS, ale čto ako li poněkogda stvorjajemo falšivyh prijateljev v ugodu regulardnosti? (rus. сравнять, čes. srovnat, pol. zrównać) ::Dodatno, regularnost v MS v tutom osobnom slučaju (iz moejgo pogleda) ide protiv naturalističnosti, ibo vse naturalne jezyky prědavajut semantiku "to be comparing" inym slovom. ::Russky срав'''ни'''вать, сопоставлять ::Bělorussky параўноўваць, зраў'''ноў'''ваць, супастаўляць ::Ukrajinsky порів'''ню'''вати, зіставляти, зрівнювати ::Poljsky porów'''ny'''wać ::Češsky srov'''ná'''vat, porov'''ná'''vat ::Slovačsky porov'''ná'''vať, zrov'''ná'''vať ::Hrvatsky srav'''nji'''vati, upoređivati ::Srbsky срав'''њи'''вати, упоређавати ::Makedonsky сравнува, споредува ::Bulgarsky срав'''ня'''вам ::"Sravnjati s zemjeju" — "Compare with Earth?" or "Level it to the ground"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:43, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Aha, razuměju. Da da, takom slučaju može lěpje bude ''sravnyvati'' (nesov.) i ''sravnati'' (sov.), a takože ''sravnanje'' zaměsto ''sravnjenje'' «comparison”, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:57, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Moje prědloženje": :::for the verb ''to compare: sravniti / sravnivati,'' ibo to odpovědaje logikě naturalnyh jezykov. :::for the verb ''to even, to level'' we already have ''poravniti'' (curiously, it's not ''por'''o'''vniti'', which would follow the logic you're explaining) :::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:13, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::''sravnjati'' možemo ostaviti, ale jedino v smyslu ''to even, to level'' [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:22, 14 February 2026 (UTC) == Websajt s katalogom i statistikoju == <nowiki>https://medzuslovjansky.onl/</nowiki> jesm stvoril maly websajt s vyše vizualnym kalalogom stranic i statistikoju može byti koristany kak onlajn biblioteka stvoril jego da by može byti takym obrazom uprostiti dostup obyčnyh ljudij do Viki i malost zainteresovati v napisanju člankov prošu, pišite vaši propozicije i myslji [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 17:32, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :myslju oddělno sdělati filtr za kategorij s prověrjenym pravopisom i dobry članok, da by možno bylo legko najdti teksty s dobrym MSom [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:11, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, to bylo by interesno. Myslju, že kategorija s prověrjenym pravopisom ne jest mnogo upotrěbima, ale može [[Incubator:Spisok najdolžejših stranic|tutoj spisok najdolžejših ćlankov]] jest? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::Už sdělal oddělny filtr, koj polazyvaje jedino članky so zvězdoju i s prověrjenym pravopisom. Myslju, to ne byla zla ideja i ja budu probovati dodavati toj šablon, kogda čitaju članky. :::Vo vkladke statistika možno odfiltrovati članky po dolžině, ale može byti sdělati oddělnu jarku vkladku "Najdolžejše članky"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:19, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, myslju, že to jest dobry pomysl. Mimohodom, može mogli byhmo uže dodati do dobryh člankov. Srěd mojih člankov, myslju, že napriklad [[Abhazsky alfabet]], [[Džok (pes)]] i [[Ҕ]] kvalifikujut se, ibo sut mnogo obširnějše, než jihne ekvivalenty na drugyh jezykah. Imajete li prědloženja? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::A nas budut prověrjati na odpovědnost kriterijam dobryh člankov? Ibo imajemo množstvo člankov vyše 10kb, koje libo už sut dost dobre (ale može byti ne sut take dobre, kak jihne analogy v inyh jezykah, ili prinajmenje v něktoryh), ale sut kratše, než v inyh jezykah. :::::I takože imajemo množstvo člankov menše než 10kb, ale koje takože sut mnogo dobre. :::::Večinstvo (ili vse) članky o kiriličnyh bukvah sut dobre na moj pogled, ale ne imajut trěbujemogo razměra. :::::@[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] napisal několiko dobryh člankov, ale on prosil prověriti pravopis za njim i ja byh dodal v jegove članky malost obrazov ili medija materialov, že by jih nemnogo oživiti (imajut prěmnogo teksta bez ničego vizualnogo) :::::@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] takože napisal dostatočno dobryh člankov [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:27, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Da da, jesm suglasny. Teoretično ne imajemo izrazne kriterije, toliko, že dobry članok trěbuje iměti někoju kritičnu masu. Granica 10K bajtov byla ustanovjena libovoljno, kogda na medžuviki iměli jesmo 20 člankov >10K, ale tutčas imajemo jih ok. 140. Dolgy ne avtomatično znači lěpši. Po mojemu mněnju, da by članok kvalifikoval se za uměščenje na glavnoj stranici: ::::::* jest bolje-menje kompletny o obgovarjaje vse aspekty (napr. članok o državě ne jest kompletny, ako nemaje ničego o ekonomikě, prirodě i t.d.). ::::::* imaje pravilny i prověrjeny pravopis ::::::* jest osnovany na prověrjenyh izvorah (znači, ne slěpo kopirovanyh iz drugyh viki) ::::::* ne jest toliko prěvod članka iz drugoj viki ::::::* kako možno, sodrživaje obrazky ::::::* kako možno, jest lěpši od ekvivalentah na drugyh slovjanskyh jezykah ::::::* prědmet ne jest prěmnogo niševy. ::::::Kromě togo, dobro by bylo, ako jest raznorodnost medžu člankami na glavnoj stranici. Tutčas imajemo ok. 20 dobryh člankov. Glupo bylo by, ako srěd njih byli 3 kirilične bukvy, ili 3 ukrajinski politiki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:51, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Dodati linky na spoločnosti v Dicord i TG na glavnoj stranici v menju == Tutčas poglednul i uviděl, že bulgarska vikipedija ima linky do spoločnostij v discord i tg na glavnoj stranici v menju, v lěvoj jegovoj česti. Može byti, my takože budemo dodati? https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:29, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :Ne znaju, imaje li smysl popularizovati toj Diskord, on ne imaje ničto občo s Viki projektom, i Jan tam ne jest. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:16, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Nove možnosti translliteracije - sdělano == Blagodare dobrym ljudam, pomagavšim izměniti skript, pojavili se nove možnosti transliteracije.<br/>Šablon '''-''' dostavaje novu funkciju: <br/>Tuty šablon upravjaje transliteracijeju, izključaje ju za fragment teksta (kogda koristaje se s jednym parametrom), ili pokazyvaje razny tekst za latinicu i kirilicu (variant s dvoma parametrami).<br/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</nowiki></code>|| <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Jean-François</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Жан-Франсуа</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Джо Байден</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu {{-|Roundhay|Раундхеј}}» (1888) {{-|[[Louis Le Prince|{{-|Louis Le Prince'a}}]]|[[Louis Le Prince|Луи ле Пранса ({{-|Louis Le Prince)}}]]}} — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu Roundhay» (1888) Louis Le Prince'a — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Сцена в саду Раундхеј» (1888) Луи ле Пранса (Louis Le Prince) — најраннєјши известны филм в хисторији.</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>V Providence’u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>В Провиденсу</nowiki></code> |} <br /> <s>Čto ješče ne rabotaje: v mobilnoj versiji bude vsegda pokazyvati i latiničny i kiriličny varianty. Na rěšenju rabotajemo.</s> Vsečto uže rabotaje! [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:15, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Odlično! Nu izvini, ale vse vrěme ne razuměju, začto jest toj drugy šablon. Takože možno jest pisati: <nowiki>{{-|Jean-François (izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|Žan-Fransua (fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki>, i rezultat bude taky sam, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Jego sdělal Iohanen za test, rěšil ostaviti 😊 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:43, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::vot test obohdvoh šablonov na živom članku https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:48, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Mene lično dopoka nemnogo ustrašaje ta razlika medžu latiniceju i kiriliceju, ko ktoroj prihodímo. Napriklad, jesm musel v jednom slučaju sklonjati kirilicu i ne sklonjati latinicu 😢 Tako prijdemo ko dvom jezykam. Možlivo, bysmo mogli prěporučovati koristanje tutoj možnosti toliko v izključiteljnyh slučajah? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:04, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::A v kakom slučaju trěba bylo sklonjati kirilicu? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:13, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Tut byl variant ::::v Red Hook / v Ред-Хуку, ale já jesm dopoka našel izhod: ::::v apartamentu v četvrti {-|Red Hook|Ред Хук} [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:18, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::ješče v Providence / в Провиденсу [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:24, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:32, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::myslím, že rěšenjem jest vo Providensu / во Провиденсу, v Red-Huku / в Ред-Хуку. Ale, Lovecrafta/Лавкрафта, zato že ime [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:31, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:35, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::nu to jest podobno russkomu jezyku, kogda koristajut se kusky latinicy [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:37, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Točno. A tamtyh slučajah: {{-|v Providence’u, v Red Hook’u}}. Koristajuči novy možnosti, možno daže: <code><nowiki>«V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u»</nowiki></code>: «V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u». {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:40, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::nu to uże diko jest: во Провиденс-цу? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:42, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Vo Providence'u/ во Провиденсу izgledaje kompromisno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:44, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::interesno, trěba izučiti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:52, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::Gaulle на выдумки хитра (russko prislovje) ☺️ [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Vsim pozdrav, ide obnovjenje skripta, transliteracija ne bude někaky čas rabotati. Prosim izviniti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 17:47, 5 March 2026 (UTC) :Tak, vsečto jest izrěšeno, uže rabotaje i na mobilu. Mnogo děkuju adminam Vikipedije, ktore mnogo pomogli. Ura 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 19:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC) ::Vidžu! Fantastično! Hvala vsim, ktori pomogli! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:20, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Originalne <s>imena ljudij</s> i iztvorov umětnostij kako nazvy člankov == <s>Ja jesm natolkl se na toj problem, že ne věm, kako dějati lěpše... Jest članok o Johnu R. R, Tolkienu, zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano anglijskym jezykom. Trěba li takym že sposobom stvorjati i nove članky? A kako pisati vnutri članka?</s> <s>Ješče jesm ugleděl, že v poljskom jezyku imena sklanjajut se po pravilam jezyka, ale pišut se kako v originalu. Či možno li togda vnutri članka pisati, napriklad, ''... u Johna Ronalda Reuela Tolkiena...''? Ne bude li togda to mrzko izgledati v kirilici ''... у Jохна Роналда Реуела Толкиена...''? Abo trěba vnutri članka flavorizovati?..</s> P.S. Pomilujte, ja jesm slěpec, jedino tutčas uviděl jesm v vrhu to, kak to možno sdělati. Ješče jedna věč: jest članok o «Vladaru prstenjev», zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano na anglijskom jezyku («The Lord of the Rings»). Trěba li jego prěimenovati na medžuslovjansky jezyk? Myslim, že trěba, bo na vsakoj Vikipedije nazvy knig prěkladajut se na glavny jezyk Vikipedije. Cělkovito ne razuměm, kako rěšati tuto pytanje, ačekoli mně se kaže, že jego už obgovarjali, ale ja ne vidim rezultatov, pomilujte. S považenjem, [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|talk]]) 07:38, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Da, nazvanja knig jest trěba prěkladati, TLOTR in particular ☺️ Nužno jest tuty članok prěimenovati/prěměstiti, čto ne jest trudno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:21, 3 May 2026 (UTC) ::Točno, lěpje jest prěvoditi zaglavja knig, filmov i t.d., ale takože imaje byti prěnapravjenje od originalnogo zaglavja. Jesm prěimenoval TLOTR v [[Vladar prstenjev]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:14, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == Approval! == Great news! Interslavic Wikipedia will soon be approved! Committee member Jon Harald Søby posted the approval notice on the Talk Language Committee page! Finally! Let everyone know if anyone doesn't know yet, and let Jan know too! Victory! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-35104-48|&#126;2026-35104-48]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-35104-48|talk]]) 18:12, 15 June 2026 (UTC) :approved! 🎉 [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36378-17|&#126;2026-36378-17]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-36378-17|talk]]) 15:14, 23 June 2026 (UTC) : Radostno! [[Koristnik:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Таёжный лес|besěda]]) 23:48, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Administratorstvo == Dragi! Dnes nakonec naša Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija byla stvorjena. Blagoželaju nam vsim i imaju naděju, že naš projekt bude postojanno rasti! Ja jesm byl administrator v Inkubatoru, a takože vo vsih prědhodnyh versijah medžuslovjanskoj viki (od 2007 g.). Na žalost, administratorstvo ne bylo prěneseno avtomatično iz Inkubatora, zato trěba mně tu oficialno kandidatovati se na administratora. Jest několiko věčij, ktore tutčas trěba bude sdělati bystro. Napriklad, vy isto pametajete, že skoro vse stranice iz Medžuviki byli kopirovane ručno – bez jihnyh historij, čto jest narušenje avtorskyh prav – i zato ja hoču je stopiti s novějšimi versijami. Kromě togo, vsegda jest potrěbny někto, ktory odstranjaje spam, vandalizm i tako dalje. Prošu, glasujte poniže! Sut slědujuče opcije: {{-|<nowiki>{{Za}}, {{Protiv}}, {{Nevtralno}} i {{Primětka}}</nowiki>}}. Ne zabudite dodati svoj podpis (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). S srdečnym pozdravom, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:50, 24 junij 2026 (UTC) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:09, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}: Razuměje se, Jan nas dovedl tu kde jesmo, ov projekt bez jegovogo děla ne by ni egzistoval. On zakladaje se mnogo i obhodi se s pravdivymi ambicijami. Nadějem se budemo iměti uspěšny prvy god na živoj Vikipediji! :) – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 00:19, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 03:01, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} i potrěbujemo izbrati ješče 2-3 admini ili podadmini [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 06:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} Jan nas dovedl tam, kamo jesmo potrěbovali, i kako najaktivnějši člen občiny si zasluži byti administratorom. --[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:49, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}}, očevidno. Velika hvala vsim — to jest naš obči uspěh! [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 17:53, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} očevidno, Jan je tvorec medžuslovjanskogo. [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 01:05, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # Разумєје се {{Za}} [[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:FitikWasTaken|besěda]]) 13:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} prisjedinjaju se k vsemu vyše skazanomu. [[Koristnik:Noncinque|Noncinque]]([[Besěda s koristnikom:Noncinque|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (UTC+6) :Dobry večer, někake novosti o izbranju adminov? Hvalim voprěd [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:57, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) :{{Za}} [[Koristnik:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Sauit|besěda]]) 01:48, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini === {{Ping|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} i ostatni, kogo jesm ne vspomnil tut, prosim nehtěl by někdo se stati vtorym i tretjim adminom, da by Jan ne tegnul vsečto sam? Prosim takože vsih glasovati, hvalim voprěd. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:23, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) 09:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :Ja ne věm, ako byh iměl na to dostatok časa, i ja o tom budu razvažiti. Ja dekuju za prědloženje. [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:57, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) ::Da, dobro bylo by iměto ješče jednogo ili dvoh adminov. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], može li ty se kandiduješ? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :::Možno, budu, ale by se htělo lěpših kandidatov. ({{-|BTW}} izčezlo "odgovoriti", to jesm ja něčto slomil?) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:21, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Ja mogu prijmati vaše prizvanje do administratorstva. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:35, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]]: Super! Togda sdělajte oddělno zaglavje, da byhmo ne komplikovali žitje administratorom na Meta. ;) {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:44, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hvala @[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], tako izdělajemo, ale htělo by ješče i někogo, kdo znaje, kako rabotaje Vikipedija lěpje, než ja ili @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i od kogo by bylo vyše koristi. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:03, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) Zdrav! Ako naša občina to želaje, mogu sebe nominovati za administratora i administratora interfejsa. Primarno se interesujem rabotati na tehničnoj infrastrukturě projekta: šablony, moduly, CSS, JS/gadžety, botovanje, i t.d. Administrativne prava dobro prihodet zaradi izčrkavanja i iziskyvanja, importovanja i prěměščanja specifičnyh stranic, iz-medžu ostalogo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:02, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :@[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]]: To bylo by odlično! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:05, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm uže administrator (interfejsa) na srbskohrvatskoj Vikipedije i bylo by mně milo prenesti něčto znalosti odonud ovamo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:11, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini - glasovanje === Kandidati na druge admini sut dva, @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] i @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]], oni ne sut konkurenti, adminami mogut byti obadva, jestli budut poddržani, prosim za ili protiv njih takože glasovati tut (ne zabezpametajte glasovati i za Jana vgorě) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ==== Vipz ==== @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo opytnogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} – ne znam dobro člověka [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 10:59, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. Věrim jegovomu slovu o znanju interfejsa — tute znanja sut nam potrěbne. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:37, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}, očevidno! Izkušeny koristnik, črěz dolge lěta byl administrator Medžuviki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:38, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:07, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... ==== Marcoorio ==== @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo motivovanogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:40, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 15:47, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:08, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 12:58, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... == Kolikost člankov na latinici i kirilici == Dragi prijatelji! Ja myslju, že oprědělenje "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju" ne odgovarja enciklopedičnosti. Prědlagaju stvoriti kategoriju, katalog po tipu Spisok člankov na latinici i na kirilici. Začto? Da by točno razuměti, koliko u nas materialov jest napisano na oboh grafikah. Poka čto u nas sut tendencije k umenšenju pisanja člankov na kirilici. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 23:10, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :A či jest li potrěbno tuto ukazanje? Imajemo translitiraciju, zatom, na moj pogled, ne jest potrěbno ukazyvati, koliko člankov sut na kirilici/latinici. Takym tvrdženjem možemo odstrašiti tyh, kto znaje kirilicu i ne znaje latinicu (ako taki sut) abo někako inako prinesti zlu myslj, ale, očevidno, ju ne imajemo. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm obratil uvagu na fakt, že v članku "Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija" jest privedena taka informacija: "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju", ale ne ima spiska člankov po kirilici i latinici. Zato jesm pomyslil, že jest enciklopedično ukazovati točnu informaciju [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:52, 26 junij 2026 (CEST). Дља статистикы буде интересно. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Kako oprěděliti, latinica ili kirilica, bot/skript musi uděliti toliko tekst iz članka i sčitati latinične i kirilične bukvy? Napriměr, jestli vyše 70% teksta sut kirilične bukvy, on jest kiriličny? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 13:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :: А сут много чланков, кде оба писма? Вообче, по мојему мнєнју то пытанје технично. Просто, интересно, направду, кака у нас тутчас статистика. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:14, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Mnogo lingvističnyh člankov imajut kirilične tablicy, priměry teksta, kako Mansijsky jezyk i td. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:19, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Ili prosto, tekst s kiriličnymi nazvami razdělov jest kiriličnym 8-) Ako li sut razděly [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:22, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Za statistiku bylo by interesno, ale ja ne myslju, že taka kategorizacija jest potrěbna. Kromě togo dodavanje i poddrživanje tyh kategorij bude mnogo raboty. Někoj čas tomu nazad jesm prosto občislil, koliko iměli jesmo člankov na kirilici i latinici na osnově zaglavij (ne včisleči mojih člankov o kiriličnyh bukvah, ktore byli napisane latiniceju). Togda to bylo okolo 1/3 kirilice i 2/3 latinice. Kako to izgledaje tutčas, ja ne znaju. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 15:56, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm napravil osnovnu prověrku: v tutom momentu, 1,072 odnosno {{round|70.993377}}% nadpisov je na latinici, a 438 odnosno {{round|29.006623}}% vsih nadpisov na kirilici. Imějuči na umu različne dolžiny člankov, {{Round|88.523968}}% vsego teksta napisano je na latinici. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 16:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jestvuje že algoritm, ktory čisli kolikost člankov pravilno? A ako prosto načeti označovati članky kategorijami "Članok napisany kiriliceju" / "Članok napisany latiniceju", tako takože možno stvoriti po priměru togo algoritma algoritm, ktory v kategorijah bude čisliti članky. Ili sčitati ručno, s pomočju kategorij. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 16:44, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Razděljenje Krčmy == Dragi kolegi, hčemo razdvojiti [[Vikipedija:Krčma]] na několiko tematičnyh odděljenij? Za početok: Pravila i směrnice; Tehnika (ili Tehnične kvestije/pytanja); Jezyk i pravopis (ili Jezyčne kvestije/pytanja); Noviny. Tak možemo razbrěmeniti centralnu stranicu Krčmy i ulegšati slědovanje diskusij kogda-libo egzistuje potrěba diskutovati mnogo prědmetov jednočasno. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 14:23, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) : Јесм согласны. Але, по мојему мнєнју новины не трєба оддєљати од централној Крчмы. Лєпје јих видєти разом на централној. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:41, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Či ne lěpje li arhivovati stare diskusije? Krčma jest velmi těžka tutčas, ale imaje byti "{{-|village pump}}", selskoju studnoju, kde obgovarjaje se vsečto [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Dalšo pytanje, imajemo v menu "Portal občiny", čto nikuda ne vede. Imaje tam býti link do Krčmy? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:32, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm arhivoval stare poslanja v Krčmě. Pozdněje hoču takože dodati starějše sodržanje Krčmy na Medžuviki do arhiva, ale tutčas to ješče ne jest možno. ::Čto se tyče razdvojenja krčmy, ja ne jesm uvěrjen, jest li to smyslno. Imajemo tu može 10–20 aktivnyh učestnikov i obyčne sut samo dva ili tri aktivne prědmety na měsec. Napriklad, v maju bylo samo 14 pravok, a v aprilju 4. Ako tu bude zaisto mnogo aktivnosti, togda možno bude pomysliti o razdvojenju, ale v medžučasu ja byh ostavil Krčmu taku, kaka ona jest. Očevidno budut avtomatične poslanja na anglijskom jezyku od fondacije Wikimedia, ktore po mojemu mněnju možno bude arhivovati do oddělnogo arhiva. ::A Portal občiny... jest li nam on potrěbny? Ja by na tom město sdělal link do Krčmy, ale k tomu bude potrěbny administrator. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:05, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:20, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Jesm mněval, tutčas jesmo oficialna Vikipedija, itak bude mnogo vyše raboty i, slědovateljno, diskusije. Kogda avtomatične, masivne poslanja budut početi, one nas budut zakopati. Brda inojezyčnyh poslanij umějut dokladati tako zvanomu '{{-|[[:en:banner blindness|banner blindness]]u}}'. Tutošnje poslanja togda budut menje primětne, čto može pobudžati deficit lokalnoj aktivnosti. Jedno rěšenje jest arhivacija, nu časom ne budemo htěti arhivovati recentne poslanja. Drugo rěšenje jest čekati, viděti i onogda rěšati. Jesm oprěděljeny za koju-nebud opciju. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 08:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Pozdrav, Jane, čto jestli prosto dati vněšni link na kavárnu Medžuviki prěd linkom na arhiv na početku stranice? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:30, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja ne mnju, že Portal občiny ima vesti na Krčmu, na češskoj Vikipediji to napriměr vede na [[:cs:Wikipedie:Portál Wikipedie|tutu stranicu]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 19:24, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::@[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]]: Da da, ja znaju, ale češska Vikipedija jest veliky projekt. Menše viki često ne imajut taky portal, ili samo někaky kratky tekst ili prěnapravjenje na [[Vikipedija:Čto Vikipedija ne jest]]. Nyně my imajemo prěmalo stranic za taky portal, ale može poprobujemo stvoriti nečto, li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:55, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm samo daval priměr. Portal občiny ne jest besěda občiny. Ale v budučnosti možemo něčto takovogo izrabotati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:49, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) == Vikidane == Pozdrav. Kako toliko na Vikidane dodadut jezyčny kod <code>isv</code>, bude trěba tutu stranicu na Vikidane [[d:Q16503|dodati]]. Možno jest, že to za nas izdělajut administratori Vikidanyh, ibo ja jesm na besědě stranice kako ne prijavjeny koristnik napisal zajavjenje o dodanje (ja jesm byl v rabotě). Jednako bude poslě potrěba priložiti takože vsake članky. Česti se mogu prijeti tako ja, ale sam ja na to ne staču. Tyseč člankov jest mnogo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:51, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Nám oběčali sut, že to sdělaje robot (možlivo) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 08:52, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Možlivo v budučnosti, kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, ale nyně ne jest možno kako by robot funkcionoval bez dodanogo koda. Itak, robot bude potrěbovati čestičnu pomoč od koristnikov, ibo ne vse bude podojdti izrabotati avtomatično. Ače, umětna inteligencija by možno mogla tako isto funkcionovati. Ale kto bude priučati umětnu inteligenciju? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:20, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Administracija Viki nam to oběčaje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Da, to jest možlivo. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm chčel se zapytati. Kako jest tuta stranica povezana s drugymi stranicami na inych jezyčnyh verzijah? To ne jest izdělano skroz Vikidane, ibo tako Vikidane ne imajut naš jezyčny kod, daže to ne jest izdělano skroz interviki, ili ja jesm to ne ugledal? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:35, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::Ja už jesm to našel. Tehničny šablon <code><nowiki>{{INTERWIKI}}</nowiki></code> iz {{š|Zaglavje krčmy}}. Kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, tuten tehničny šablon ne bude jest zapotrěbny. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:46, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Tak 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::::Hvala. Tako jest, ja jesm izrabil šablon {{š|Šablon}} (kratky link {{š|Š}}), kako isto tehničny šablon dlja ostavjanja inyh šablonov. Tuten šablon bude jest potrěba praviti dlja različenja imennyh prostorov i zablokovanja linka veduči na ne egzistujuče stranice. Tutčasna verzija jest velmi prosta. Tako jest, tuten šablon tutčasno ne uměje parametry. Tako isto, to bude potrěba dodati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:21, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :V vslědnyh dnah bude naš jezyčny kod <code>isv</code> dodany do Vikidanyh, kako jest viděti [[phab:T430419|tu na Fabrikatoru]]. Hvala adminam Fabrikatora. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 09:00, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) :The change has been merged and will be deployed on Wednesday during MediaWiki Train [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 16:33, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:45, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Velika hvala. Thank you. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:08, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Hi, it is Wednesday, where are we? Many thanks [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:55, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Nothing yet, but if there's one thing I have learned from the whole process that led to the creation of this wiki, it's patience. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:41, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 00:43, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) == Translations == Hi! Zdravo! Lately I have been translating special pages and namespaces. I noticed that an Interslavic Wikipedia was created (since I am from Ukraine myself) and I was very happy. So, I want to offer localization for this Wiki, all I need is a list of the necessary special pages and namespaces with their translation. If translation is still needed, then tag me under the list. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:31, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hi, sorry this is already done I believe. Thank you anyway 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:36, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::This about links. For example: Special:AllPages — Specialna:Vse stranice. And also translating for other non translated special pages (BlockedExternalDomains for example) [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:42, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Na tom uže někdo tuž rabotaje, ale možlivo Jan tebe odepíše [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:43, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Maybe the "Special" namespace still needs translation, and the individual links to the special pages. The view name of the pages are already translated, or should be at least. But links and the namespace itself are still in English. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) == Kako jest slovo "pěskovišče" kategorizovano? == Ja jesm pytam, či jest slovo "pěskovišče" roda mužskoho ili srědnogo? Ja jesm ne našel tuto slovo v [https://interslavic-dictionary.com/ medžuslovjanskom slovniku], ktory ja upotrěbjaju na odgovory i ine pravky. V češskom jezyku tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo, tak samo ja mnju, že tako samo tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo tako v medžuslovjanskom. Ale ja znaju, že to ne jest vsegda pravda. Napriměr, slovo "šablon" jest roda mužskogo v medžuslovjanskom jezyku, ale to samo jest roda ženskogo v češskom jezyku. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:51, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Vse imenniky na '''-o''' (poslě tvroj suglasky) i '''-e''' (poslě mekkoj suglasky) sut srědnjego roda. Slova na '''-išče''' v občem označajut město. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:12, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Tako jest slovo "město" roda srědnjego, da? Togda pěskovišče musi byti roda srědnjego kako město, da? Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 20:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :ono jest [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 20:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm zabyl, odprašaju se. Tako hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:14, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ehotmwd8j372b00wanmhwt6g79lhhvf 27808 27799 2026-07-02T05:28:25Z Ilja isv 10 /* Administratorstvo */ 27808 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Zaglavje krčmy}} <!--- Napišite svoje soobčenje niže ---> == Link na Diskord-server na Glavnoj stranici == Na Glavnoj stranici tut: Ако вы имајете какеколи пытан​ја, проблемы, примєткы или прєдложен​ја, поставите јих в '''[[Incubator:Krčma|крчмє обчины]]''' или [https://discord.gg/nhRuYAc5Uq нашем Дискорд-серверу]. Diskord-link vede na server Safronowiec, ktory uže malo čto imaje občo s MS i vikipedijeju. Imaje li smysl jego izmeniti na aktualny MS Diskord? Ili takože dodati link na Telegram-čat? Velika hvala. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 06:45, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] – Čestno govoreči, ja ne jesm na Diskordu i ne znaju te servery. Jest li tam někaka grupa, ktora specifično zajmaje se MS Vikipedijeju? Ako ne, može bylo by lěpje dodati link k grupě na Telegramu. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:39, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, možno dati link na tuty razdel Diskorda, gde diskutuje se rabota na Vikipedii ::[[discord:channels/879438774323535914/1284479085871104075|• Discord | "Medžuslovjanska Wikipedija" | Medžuslovjansky • Меджусловјанскы • Interslavic]] ::či takože na telegram https://t.me/interslavic_wikipedia, ale myslim by bylo dobro prěd tym zapytati tamnogo admina ili vlastnika. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:13, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :::Grupa na Telegramu jest nemnožko aktivnějša, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:28, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Takože jestvuje stary Diskord-server za Medžuviki: https://discord.gg/Yp5QfFCPny, ktorogo vodil Lev. Oboje dnes neaktivny. Jestvuje li potrěba iměti sobstveny Diskord-server za Vikipediju? Forum-nit ne jest mnogo primětna. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 09:35, 6 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, tam ješče někto byvaje iz redaktorov, dodam tuty link do glavnoj stranicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:58, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Prědustavjeno pismo == Zdrav surabotniki! Jest nužno organizovati (povtoriti) razpravu o preferovanom pismu medžuslovjanskoj Vikipedije na domenu Fundacije Vikimedija, da byhmo iměli osnovu za tehničnu rabotu ktora odnese se na naše jezyčne kody <code>isv</code>, <code>isv-Latn</code>, and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> na Fabrikatoru ({{-|phabricator.wikimedia.org}}). [https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEuviki:Kavarnja#Vikipedija_na_med%C5%BEuslovjanskom Diskusije organizovane na sajtu Miraheze] – na Fabrikatoru oni ne uvažajut. Slědovateljno otvarjaju ovu diskusiju: ktoro pismo preferujemo i začto? – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 08:58, 9 January 2026 (UTC) Hey Vipz, I'll respond in English, so that members of the Language Committee will be able to follow this conversation as well. A few months ago, I went through all articles we have, and found that about 2/3 of our articles use the Latin alphabet and 1/3 use Cyrillic. Although I am not active on social media myself, I have the impression that the situation there is similar: the majority uses Latin, but a sizeable minority uses Cyrillic. Since Latin and Cyrillic being equal is one of the main design criteria of Interslavic, the conclusion is simple: it should be possible to use both alphabets, and they should, ''as far as possible'', be served equally well. In other words, we need a bidrectional script converter. I've been looking around a bit and found ca. 20 Wikipedia editions that work with some kind of script converter: * Our own converter runs on Javascript and has three options: the source page (Lat/Cyr), the Latin transliteration and the Cyrillic translation. It has the advantage that the system remembers the preferred script of the user, apparently by means of a cookie. In mainspace articles, this converter only transliterates the text, but not the page name and not the categories. On category pages, it transliterates the titles of the articles and subcategories it contains, as well as system messages like "Тхе фолловинг 4 пагес аре ин тхис цатегоры, оут оф 4 тотал." The only established Wikipedia with a converter that works like this is [[:got:|Gothic]]. * [[:sr:|Serbian]], [[:uz:|Uzbek]], [[:ku:|Kurdish]], [[:chr:|Crimean Tatar]], [[:iu:|Inuktitut]] and [[:shi:|Tachelhit]] have PHP-based converters with the same three options (f.ex. source, Lat., Kir.). Information about the script is contained in the URL. The system does not remember one's preferred script, so when a page is opened, it is always the source text that is displayed first. This converter also converts the page title and the categories it is in. On category pages it does the opposite from our current converter: it transliterates the page title and the categories it is in, but not the titles of the pages and the subcategories it contains. * [[:sh:|Serbocroatian]], [[:tg:|Tajik]], [[:tly:|Talysh]] and [[:zgh:|Amazigh]] have PHP-based converters with two only options (for example: Latinica/Ћирилица). As I've understood, these converters are unidirectional, so that all pages must be written in the same script. For the rest, they work the same as Serbian. * The Chinese ones (zh, wuu, gan, zh-yue) seem to work like either Serbian or Serbocroatian, but since I can't read Chinese, I haven't taken any closer look at them. * [[:tt:|Tatar]] and [[:cv:|Chuvash]] have one or sometimes two buttons next to the page name. Everything is transliterated, even the menu on the left. Appears to run on JavaScript. * [[:ban:|Balinese]] has no less than five variations, but I can't quite figure out how it works. It seems like it shows some transliteration version by default, but I'm not sure about that. * [[:mni:|Meitei]] offers transliteration into Bengali script, but that works only for the categories underneath a page and the first letters on category pages. * [[:cu:|Church Slavonic]]: every page has three links for three different script variants (including Glagolitic), but they don't seem to work anymore. [[:ang:|Anglo-Saxon]] has a similar thing that actually works. * Another five projects (ug, bug, hak, bbc, gom) have multiple scripts but instead of a converter they sometimes contain multiple versions of the same article, for example [[:bug:Balanda]]. We have done that too in the beginning, but it's way too high-maintenance to be workable. I've been told that JavaScript is considered a bad idea, because it doesn't work properly in Wikipedia apps for cell phones. This means that we need to use the PHP solution, and since we need the converter to be bidirectional, our only option is the solution used for Serbian. This does, however, have a few disadvantages: # It transliterates page titles, which is not always what we want. This shouldn't be problematic though, since the page title can be manipulated with a template, for example here: [[:sr:З (слово ћирилице)]] # However, it also transliterates the names of categories, which means that Latin and Cyrillic articles are all tossed into the same category. Articles names are listed there untransliterated. This is problematic, because we must consider that not every Latin-writing person can read Cyrillic, and not every Cyrillic-writing person can read the Latin alphabet. # Even if a category full of articles written in the Latin alphabet is transliterated into Cyrillic, it does not only show them in the Latin alphabet, but also in the alphabetical order of the Latin alphabet. # A user who prefers one of the two alphabets has to change it manually for each and every page. So here's my own preferred solution, if possible: # It can work exactly like the converter on Serbian Wikipedia does, except for one thing: it should NOT transliterate category names. # Instead, we have parallel categories for Latin and Cyrillic. Every article written in the Latin alphabet is placed in Latin categories and has a redirect in Cyrillic, which is placed in the Cyrillic counterparts of these categories. Articles with titles that cannot be transliterated, like [[Microsoft]] or [[Ж]], can be placed in both categories. This is, basically, the current situation. It has the advantage that every article can be found by navigating though the categories, and that they are placed in the correct alphabetical order (which for Cyrillic is different from the Latin order). # I am aware of the fact that this solution is not perfect: a Cyrillic user who follows a Cyrillic redirect will still end up with a Latin article in Latin categories, even if he switches to Cyrillic. This cannot be helped, I'm afraid. UNLESS it would be technically possible that the categories under a Latin article link to Latin categories, and the categories under a Cyrillic article to their Cyrillic equivalents. Would such a thing be possible? # It is not a matter of life or death, but it would be nice if a user's preferred orthography could be stored in a cookie, so that he/she won't have to change the orthography manually every time. This would be a nice-to-have. There are a few other issues, too, but I'll get back to that later. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:57, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan! This is a very insightful and nuanced reply. The issue of not having a default script on multi-scipt Wikimedia projects affects editors more so than readers. As of 2026, multi-script editing is, unfortunately, nothing more than a seldom mentioned concept ([https://diff.wikimedia.org/2018/03/12/supporting-languages-multiple-writing-systems/ Diff 2018 community blog article]; [[:c:File:Editing challenges on multi-script wikis (with speaker notes).pdf|Wikimania 2017 presentation]]). Some editors are less proficient or efficient with one of the scripts, and many do not know one or the other at all, and will therefore be uncomfortable editing articles in the said script. Until multi-script editing becomes a reality, having a default script is an option to be considered; whether it is a sensible sacrifice—to the benefit of one group (a majority) and detriment of the other (a minority)—is subjective, but alas. The other thing which concerns designation of a default script are fallback choices: <code>isv</code> should ''probably'' have a fallback sequence to one of the scripts, which ''could'' solve the issue of the system not recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv isv]</code> while recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Latn isv-Latn]</code> and <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Cyrl isv-Cyrl]</code>. In other words, we ought to support <code>isv</code>, but it makes no sense to translate it separately from <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code>, unless we intend to have an unwieldy and hideous solution to not favoring one or the other – by including them both in every localized interface, namespace, or message element. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 10:07, 10 January 2026 (UTC) ::Well, I think we shouldn't be over-zealous, but on the other hand, it's been almost twenty years now since I got involved with this language, and I can assure you that the alphabet issue has been a thing almost since day one. Every possible option between Latin-only and Cyrillic-only has its ardent supporters, and even though the Latin alphabet is used more often for Interslavic than Cyrillic, it remains a fact that about 3/4 of all Slavic people use Cyrillic. So treating one of them as merely a transliterated version of the other is out of the question. But it is also true that the average Pole, Czech or Slovene cannot read Cyrillic, whereas most Russians, Ukrainians and Bulgarians know the Latin alphabet at least to some degree, which gives the Latin alphabet a slight advantage nonetheless. It's not entirely clear to me what you mean by "fallback option", but if it means that <code>isv</code> is interpreted as "<code>isv-Latn</code> unless specified otherwise", I'd be perfectly fine with that.<br />Of course, there will always be imperfections. For a person who only knows the Latin alphabet it will be difficult to correct a typo in the Cyrillic text, or even to expand it with Latin text. For now, I think we should stick to the principle that a page written in Cyrillic stays in Cyrillic, and ''tant pis'' if you can't handle Cyrillic. But honestly, I don't think that's much of a problem at the moment. Most Interslavic users can understand both alphabets, and I'm sure the problem of multi-script editing will solve itself at some point.<br />For the record, transliteration between Latin and Cyrillic is pretty straightforward. The only inconsistency is the '''њ/нј''' issue found also in Serbian, but that's a minor thing that can easily be solved. That still leaves us with a few issues addressed [[:meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Interslavic#Writing system related issues|here]] by @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]]. More specifically, s/he mentions the possibility of using not only the ex-Yugoslavia method for displaying Cyrillic, but also the Russian method (''лю'' instead of ''љу''). If I understand correctly that the source code looks like [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Editing_challenges_on_multi-script_wikis_%28with_speaker_notes%29.pdf#page=29 this], such a thing could easily be implemented. The question is: do we want that? And another thing is that some users persistently use the etymological orthography (''mųž'', ''krålj'', etc.). If the converter can be programmed in such way that <code>'ų' => 'у'</code> and <code>'у' => 'u'</code>, then that would be a nice thing to have as well. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:40, 10 January 2026 (UTC) == Транслитерација со Јапонского == Поздрав! Какобы толико в източнословјанскых йезыках хирагану し / катакану シ транслитерујут како си/si. В вечинству језыков (вкључајучи словјански) пишут ши/shi/ši. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], може измєнити то [[Kacusika Hokusaj|сде]] на "Kacušika Hokusaj" або на "Kacušika Hokusai"? Како мыслите? --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 20:09, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Pozdrav, Murade, nazva ''Kacusika Hokusaj'' byla uže raněje v spisu potrěbnyh člankov, zato ja jesm to ostavil. Možno jest izdělati re-direkt na na ''Katsušika Hokusaj'' i to bude izobražati se na stranice. Tutčas, obratno, ja jesm prědělal vse japonske slova v članku na "''si''", "''dzju''", "''dzjo''" vměsto "''ši''", "''džu''", "''džo''" (Hepburnovo romaji ''shi'', ''ju'', ''jo''), i t.d. da by vsečto bylo v jednom standardu, ili možem to vratiti i ostaviti, kako bylo, s koristanjem jedino romaji transkripcije bez jej prěvoda do kirilicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:55, 12 January 2026 (UTC) Po mojemu mněnju to ne jest dobry pomysl. Nakoliko ja znaju, toj spisok potrěbnyh člankov sdělal Lev, a on vse bazoval na russkoj transkripciji. Problem jest v tom, že ta transkripcija jest osnovana na principu, že v russkom suglasky prěd '''и''' i '''е''' sut avtomatično palatalizovane. Izgovor '''シ''' i '''チ''' zaisto zvuči bolje kako poljske {{-|'''ś'''}} i {{-|'''ć'''}} neželi kako russke '''ш''' i '''ч''', ale v medžuslovjanskom to ne rabotaje tako. Sdělal jesm tabelku s někojimi problematičnymi znakami i uvidite, že daže ukrajinsky i srbsky koristajut '''ш''' i '''ч'''. Pozrite tu (poslědnji stolp jest moje prědloženje za medžuslovjansky): {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" style="text-align:center;" ! jap. !! ang. !! čes. !! rus. !! ukr. !! srb. !! isv |- | サ || sa || sa || са || са || са || sa / са |- | シ || shi || ši || си || ші || ши || ši / ши |- | シャ || sha || ša || ся || шя || ша || ša / ша |- | タ || ta || ta || та || та || та || ta / та |- | チ || chi || či || ти || чі || чи/ћи || či / чи |- | ツ || tsu || cu || цу || цу || цу || cu / цу |- | チャ || cha || ča || тя || чя || ча/ћа || ča / ча |- | ニャ || nya || nja || ня || ня || ња || nja / ња |- | ワ || wa || wa || ва || ва || ва/уа || wa / ва |- | ザ || za || za || дза || дза || за || za / за |- | ジ || ji || dži || дзи || джі || ђи || dži / джи |- | ジャ || ja || dža || дзя || джя || ђа || dža / джа |- | ダ || da || da || да || да || да || da / да |- | ヂ || ji || (dži) || (дзи) || (джі) || ђи || dži / джи |- | ヅ || zu || (zu) || (дзу) || (дзу) || зу || zu / зу |- | ヂャ || ja || (dža) || (дзя) || (джя) || (ђа) || dža / джа |- ! colspan="7" | razširjena katakana |- | ス || su || su || су || су || су || su / су |- | スィ || si || (si) || сы || (сі) || (си) || si / си |- | テ || te || te || тэ || те || те || te / те |- | ティ || ti || (ti) || ти (ты) || ті || ти || ti / ти |} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) : Одлично табло! Але по мојему мнєнју ако измєнити za / за на dza / дза (и zu / зу на dzu / дзу) тогды је было бы фонетично идеално (не по Поливанову и не по Хепберну оногдашње). --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 18:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, jesm tako(d)že suglasny [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:05, 12 January 2026 (UTC) == Remaining issues == Dear all, since it probably won't be long now before our Interslavic Wikipedia will finally be approved, there are still a few issues to be resolved. {{Ping|Ilja isv|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} Your attention please! === Transliteration === First of all, there's the issue of transliteration, see above under [[Incubator:Krčma#Prědustavjeno pismo]]. The system used by the Serbian Wikipedia has the advantage that we can have the same article both in Latin and Cyrillic without having to resort to back-transliterations. In other words, we won't be forced to write "Džorž Buš" instead of "George Bush" in the Latin alphabet to avoid Cyrillic transliterations like "Георге Бусх". At present, transliteration is taken care of with JavaScript in [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.js MediaWiki:Common.js]. When we move to the system used by the Serbian Wikipedia (which IMO is the only sensible solution, see above), the same transliteration rules should be transferred to whatever system they use there, preferably with a few additions: '''bidirectional:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" | a || b || c || č || d || e || ě || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || lj{{FN|*)}} || m || n || nj{{FN|*)}} || o || p || r || s || š || t || u || v || y || z || ž || ä || ö || ü |- | а || б || ц || ч || д || е || є || ф || г || х || и || ј || к || л || љ || м || н || њ || о || п || р || с || ш || т || у || в || ы || з || ж || ӓ || ӧ || ӱ |} '''unidirectional Lat &rarr; Cyr:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | á || å || a || ć || ď || đ || ė || è || é || ę || í || ľ || ĺ || ł || ń || ň || ȯ || ò || ó || qu || ŕ || ř || ś || ť || ú ||ų || ů || w || x || ý || ź || ż |- ! to | а || а || а || ч || д || дж || е || е || е || e || и || л || л || л || н || н || о || о || о || kv || р || р || с || т || у || у || у || в || кс || ы || з || ж |} '''unidirectional Cyr &rarr; Lat:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | ґ || ѓ || ђ || ѣ || ё || ѕ || і || ї || й || ќ || ћ || ў || џ || щ || ъ || ь || э || ю || я |- ! to | g || dž || dž || ě || jo || dz || i || ji || j || č || č || v || dž || šč || — || — || e || ju || ja |} {{FNBox|Note: {{FNZ|*)|I don't know if there is a way to distinguish between Љ (LJ) and Љ (Lj), but since fully capitalized text is rare, I guess Љ &rarr; Lj and Њ &rarr; Nj will do.}} }} === Alphabetical order === Another thing is the alphabetical ordering of articles in, for example, categories. The current situation is that Cyrillic letters absent in Russian – like Є, Њ and Ј – come before А. It is necessary that the right alphabetical order is followed, which preferably should also include letters not used in Interslavic but used in other Slavic languages, as they may appear in categories as well: '''Latin:'''<br /> <big>'''a''' á ä ą å '''b c''' ć '''č d''' ď '''e''' é è ė ę '''ě f g h i''' í '''j k l''' ł ľ ĺ '''lj m n''' ń ň '''nj o''' ò ó ȯ '''p''' q '''r''' ŕ ř '''s''' ś '''š t''' ť '''u''' ú ů ų '''v''' w x '''y''' ý '''z''' ź '''ž''' ż</big> '''Cyrillic:'''<br /> <big>'''а б в г''' ґ '''д''' ђ ѓ '''е''' ё '''є''' ѣ '''ж з''' ѕ '''и''' й і ї '''ј к л љ м н њ о п р с т''' ћ ќ '''у''' ў '''ф х ц ч''' џ '''ш''' щ '''ы''' э ю я</big> === Dates === * The standard format for dates is: <code>dd.mm.yyyy</code> * In dates, month names should always be in the genitive case. Although these genitives are defined on translatewiki.net, that doesn't seem to work in the Recent changes, Watchlist etc. === Numbers === When a number is followed by a noun, the corresponding case differs: * 1: nominative singular (1 dom) * 2–4: nominative plural (2 domy) * 0 and 5–19: genitive plural (5 domov) * all higher numbers ending with 1: nominative singular (101 dom) * all higher numbers ending with 2–4: nominative plural (102 domy) * all higher numbers ending with 0 or 5–9: genitive plural (100 domov, 105 domov) === Namespaces === {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! colspan="2" | Namespace || colspan="2" | Talk |- ! English || Interslavic || English || Interslavic |- | (main) || (glavny) || Talk || Besěda |- | User || Koristnik || User talk || Besěda koristnika |- | Wikipedia || Vikipedija || Wikipedia talk || Besěda vikipedije |- | File || Fajl || File talk || Besěda fajla |- | MediaWiki || MediaWiki || MediaWiki || Besěda MediaWiki |- | Template || Šablon || Template talk || Besěda šablona |- | Help || Pomoč || Help talk || Besěda pomoči |- | Category || Kategorija || Category talk || Besěda kategorije |- | Portal || Portal || Portal talk || Besěda portala |- | Module || Modul || Module talk || Besěda modula |- | Gadget || Gadžet || Gadget talk || Besěda gadžeta |} I hope I haven't forgotten anything! === The code ISV === * In interwiki links, the language should appear as: <code>Medžuslovjansky / меджусловјанскы</code> * The English name of the language is "Interslavic". * There still appear to be issues with the language code <code>isv</code>. In Babel boxes, for example, <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> work, but <code>isv</code> does not. * I guess using <code>isv</code> shoud have a fallback sequence to <code>isv-Latn</code>, as [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] suggested. === Transliteration once more === ''Theoretically'' it will be possible to add unidirectional solutions to additional writing systems, like Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. Personally, I am not in favour of such a solution though. That's pretty much all I can think of. Comments? Suggestions? Opinions? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:51, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Finally! That is some great news. :All the points touched here make sense to me. :I am also against additional transliteration to either Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. It would add more confusion IMO. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:07, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :jesm popravil tabelu Namespaces [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:09, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::O, hvala za popravku, to je byla moja glupost! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:39, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi Jan, :Many thanks for this communication. :My idea of selective automatic both-way transliteration is as follows.<br />Now we have a template to block transliteration for a piece of text :<pre>{{-|text not to be transliterated}}</pre> :all it does only adding HTML tag :<pre>&lt;span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"&gt;text not to be transliterated&lt;/span&gt;</pre> :that is analized by transliteration gadget that ignores the text between tag borders. This tag can be also used "manually" when use of template is not possible due to wikitext syntax (e.g. text of hyperlink etc.), so we have more or less two tools to control transliteration now. :I would propose to add one more template for selective transliteration, for example :<pre>{{LatCyr|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan Fransua|1}}</pre> :where:<br/> :''Jean-François'' - (obligatory parameter) text in original language in Latin script (name)<br/> :''Жан-Франсуа'' - (obligatory parameter) text in cyrillic (phonetical transliteration)<br/> :''Žan Fransua'' - (optional) phonetic latin<br/> :''1'' - (optional) when this is present, the name appears first time on the article and it could be displayed with phonetic latin in parentheses (could be useful when uncommon languages for the reader are used). :This template could work same way adding HTML class tags (these need to be created for original latin, cyrillic and phonetic latin). The translit script could be modified so it sees the tags and modifies text as per current isv graphic selection setting. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Examples |- ! Parameters !! lat/cyr !! Renders as |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа (Jean-François) |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || lat || Jean-François (Žan-Fransua) |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |lat |Jean-François |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |cyr |Жан-Франсуа |- |<nowiki>Györ|Дьёр|Ďjor|1</nowiki> |lat |Györ (Ďjor) |} :Would this proposal be of interest? :It would still require somepone to program the gadget and admin rights to place it on the wiki section. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:21, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Yes, this certainly makes sense. The language converter can easily be embedded in the current <tt><nowiki>{{-|...}}</nowiki></tt> template. Normally the language converter would expect something like:<br /><tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl:Жан-Франсуа }-</nowiki></tt>.<br />The remaining two fields can easily be handled in the template itself, I think. But on the other hand, the same functionality can also be achieved simply by using the same template twice: <tt><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}} {{-|(izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|(fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki></tt> If that's the case, then parameters 3 and 4 wouldn't even be necessary. One thing I'm not entirely sure about myself, is what happens when you open a page ''before'' picking an orthography. At that moment the system doesn't know whether the page is in Latin or in Cyrillic orthography. I *think* this is done by adding a third parameter: <tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl: Жан-Франсуа; isv: Jean-François }-</nowiki></tt> Anyway, the advantage of all this is that we won't immediately have to change all pages where it is used. In many cases the template is used for expressions that shouldn't be transliterated at all, like "{{-|Microsoft}}". Those cases won't be affected by the change at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 11:01, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan, yes, this could be the way to go. Still need some time to understand better the way the gadget works but would like to start trying soonest. Cheers, [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:53, 12 February 2026 (UTC) === Script === {{-|''(added a header for clarity)''}} :So, today is a great day as I tried first time the vibe-codng with Google AI mode to modify transliteration script. :My proposal is to use 3 classes that will be added by template (or manually) to mark 3 options of text. :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Latn">Jean-François</span></pre> :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Cyrl">Жан-Франсуа</span></pre> :<pre><span class="alphabet-isv">Žan-Fransua</span></pre> :Depending on user alphabet setting, only one of the three will be displayed.<br/> :Herewith the code that needs to be added to the script, in the very beginning, after description remark (starting line 9). :<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript" line="1" start="9"> /** This part is added by [[Koristnik:Ilja_isv]], vibe-coded with Google AI /** Sorry code is removed since it did not work in the end </syntaxhighlight> :@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], may I ask you to add this code to Common.js so we could test? It takes admin rights to modify the javascript. I can send the complete modified script file if this is easier, I have a backup of original Common.js for the case of failure and the tags for testing entered in the sandbox. Thanking you in advance for help, hope it will work. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::Unfortunately, being a test admin I do not have the rights to edit Common.js (I actually tried a while back, to no avail). Perhaps [[Koristnik:Iohanen]] can be of help here? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you Jan, will contact. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:19, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Jan, one more idea: we can also test changes at old Miraheze space, the gadget script is identical. Do you have admin rights there or do you know the admin? I do not even have a login. The script file there is called Gadget-alphabet.js: :::https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-alphabet.js :::Just someone will also need to make a test page with tags to see how it works. :::Many thanks. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Yes, I can modify the alphabet gadget on Miraheze. What exactly do you want me to do? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:21, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Hvala Jane, myslím, zajutra večer budu odpovědati, prěd tym uže ne budu iměti čas. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::I had a reply from Iohanen, hvala za kontakt, it is: ::::::https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Iohanen?markasread=2792850&markasreadwiki=incubatorwiki#c-Iohanen-20260224173800-Ilja_isv-20260224114000 ::::::Will follow up in 1-2 days [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 05:35, 25 February 2026 (UTC) :::::No need to do anything, thanks to Iohanen, we have now a workable and tested script. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:38, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :::I have modified the '''- '''template, it can have 2 parameters now. If there is only one parameter, this text will be excluded from transliteration. If there is a second parameter present, first parameter is considered Latin, second is considered Cyrilic. When we install updated gadget script, either one or the other will be displayed, depending on language setting. Default is Latin (if Lat./Cyr is a choice or no choice made yet). {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <pre>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</pre>|| <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> || <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</pre> || <pre>Jean-François</pre> || <pre>Жан-Франсуа</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</pre> || <pre>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</pre> || <pre>Джо Байден</pre> |} :::As we already have a perfectly working script (great thanks to [[Koristnik:Iohanen]]), I will ask administrators to install it and we have the problem solved. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:45, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:51, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi All, ::::Good news: the script and new templates are implemented and work. I will publish a tutorial shortest possible. Congratulations to all participants 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:27, 28 February 2026 (UTC) ::::<s>Bad news: does not work in the mobile version, both Cyrillic and Latin are displayed, which was not like that during tests.</s> <s>Next point to address.</s> Done, all works now. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:29, 28 February 2026 (UTC) === Approval === {{-|''(moving this to a separate section to avoid cluttering)''}} Where did you get the information that Wp/isv is about to be approved? On the discussion page, the Language Committee members are ignoring it again, but as soon as someone posted about another project, it immediately received a response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-98653-7|&#126;2026-98653-7]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-98653-7|talk]]) 21:08, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :I've been discussing the issue of the script converter with a member of the Language Committee, that's way. I know they could have approved our project already a year ago, but there's not much point in mulling over that now. I suggest we simply keep working on this wiki, approval will come by itself. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:37, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :: What kind of stories are you telling us? How many times has this happened? People are wasting their precious time on this instead of something more useful. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10102-52|&#126;2026-10102-52]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10102-52|talk]]) 13:57, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::LOL, login under your real name. Why are you even here? :::If you're feeling that you are wasting your time here, you know where the door is, right? I strongly encourage you to go and do something more useful. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 14:03, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Can't say I disagree. Negativity won't get us anywhere, that's for sure. Ultimately, we'll get there, and all the work we are doing here will soon end up in a real Interslavic wikipedia anyway, so it's definitely not a waste of time. And, if I may say so, complaining is a much bigger waste of time than actually contributing. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:45, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::: Look. It's a dead project; it only has four active users. Part of that is your fault, after all, you kept telling everyone the project was about to be approved (but it never happened). And I'll disappoint you a little: activity usually declines after a domain is created. I'd advise everyone to be more accepting of criticism. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10115-37|&#126;2026-10115-37]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10115-37|talk]]) 17:58, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Listen, brave man. If you want anyone to take your “criticism” even remotely seriously, you need to log in so we can see what your stake is and what you’ve actually contributed. Until then, you’ll simply come across as a troll or a saboteur. ::::::When we need your advice, we’ll ask for it. For now, you can tone it down and keep your advice to yourself. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:52, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::: Wikimedia has a [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal%20Code%20of%20Conduct universal code of conduct]. I recommend you read it. I've been following this project for several years, sometimes making anonymous edits. And I have the right not to register as long as Wikimedia Foundation projects allow this option. Your requests are rejected. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10259-25|&#126;2026-10259-25]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10259-25|talk]]) 20:07, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Too many recommendations for anonymous "editor", buddy. You're dismissed and free to go. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 21:36, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::All emotions aside, I don’t really understand your frustration about the situation or your negativity toward Jan. I’m pretty sure Jan was simply passing on to the community what he himself had been told. ::::::::I don’t think anyone involved in this project expects it to suddenly become hugely popular. For me, it’s about steady work and gradually onboarding new learners of Interslavic. ::::::::Personally, everything I write here — and everything I do in life — I do primarily for myself. I don’t expect large audiences or dramatic results. If you feel like you’ve wasted your time because you were expecting something bigger, maybe the issue isn’t the project itself but the expectations attached to it. ::::::::If exposure and visibility are what you’re looking for, there are platforms built exactly for that. Like TikTok for example. But this project has always been about consistent effort and long-term development, not instant recognition. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:31, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::And if you truly have such deep knowledge of the future and already know how everything is going to turn out, maybe you should try day trading. With that kind of foresight, you’d probably make millions — and then all the time you think you “wasted” on our small project would fade away like a bad dream. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:34, 15 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::That's right. Perhaps I've been premature with my assumptions, but they were not entirely without reason. First of all, we already met all the necessary requirements by October 2024 (five editors contributing regularly during a period of a few months + translated interface), and secondly, in January 2025 a member of the Language Committee confirmed that the project was ready for approval. Honestly, I have no idea why that still hasn't happened, and believe me, nobody feels more frustrated about this sluggishness than me. At first, I thought it was because of the label "constructed language", but given the fact that a wikipedia in Toki Pona was approved – even though it it's not even an auxiliary language and even though it wasn't even in the Incubator – that's can't really be the reason. And yes, of course I am disappointed that some active contributors haven't shown up for a long time. Neither do I understand why [[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] requested Interslavic Wikipedia on Meta and started this wiki on the Incubator, since he never contributed anything of substance afterwards. Still, no matter what, the best we can do is simply carry on. Showing that we *can* do it is precisely what the Incubator is meant for. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:01, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::And anonymous, you call this a dead project, but at the same time you noted yourself that other projects with less users and less content are being approved, so apparently it's not *that* dead after all. You say that we should be more accepting of criticism, but the point of criticism is to improve something, not to frustrate it. If you have ideas about how to improve this project, we are all ears, and if you care about this project, you are more than welcome to contribute. But if you don't, then I don't quite understand why you bother making these comments at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:03, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: I don't remember saying this, but I would have said the same thing. You need to clearly define your goal and determine whether it's achievable. If not, then move on to other goals. Here, it's like knocking on a closed gate. Sometimes they say something or wink, but the gate remains closed. I have ideas, but first you need to stop knocking on closed gates. It's really sad. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10286-28|&#126;2026-10286-28]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10286-28|talk]]) 11:38, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::I don't think it's like knocking on a closed gate. Look what happened with our ISO code. Our first two requests were rejected for stupid reasons and the third request took almost five years to be validated: first because they simply forgot about it, and then because it was stalled because they were reformulating their policies. It seems like they didn't quite know what do to with Interslavic, for example, whether they should qualify it as natural or a constructed language. So yes, I am kind of having a ''déjà-vu'' here. And again, I don't why it is taking them so long. The language itself shouldn't be the problem anymore, since its eligibility was established already in October 2024. My best guess is simply that the majority of the LangCom members are barely active, and that the remaining members are hesitant because of the extra work that needs to be done with regard to script conversion and the like. But ultimately ''upornost se izplati''. And anyway, it's not like we have an alternative here. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:37, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: There are alternatives. In fact, with the development of AI, Wikipedia's role is gradually diminishing. Just look at the statistics: activity is declining in many editions (for example, in Russian, but the situation is no better in other Slavic editions). The situation is only good in languages ​​with a large number of native speakers (English, Spanish, French). This project will ultimately be edited by a relatively small group of enthusiasts. If the project is for enthusiasts, work can be done anywhere (on other wiki projects, etc.) whithout frustration. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 14:26, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::The relationship between Wikipedia and AI is a problem in itself, but there's not much point in speculation about the future. Besides, following your logic, we might as well close all Wikipedias except the English one. You are right about one thing: if the Interslavic Wikipedia were purely intended for enthusiasts of Interslavic, Miraheze or whatever other wikifarm might do. But that's not the point. This wiki should serve as an additional source of information for Slavic speakers. The reason we need a separate Wikipedia project is that people can find it, for example via interwiki links. As long as it is stored here or in some wikifarm, nobody will be able to find it. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:05, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::: This isn't quite the correct continuation of my logic: sections don't need to be closed, but activity will gradually decline. They will remain as encyclopedias, but will be preserved (AI will take information from there for itself). As for whether people will be able to find this project through interwiki, that's doubtful; interwiki is badly presented in the current Wikipedia skin. It's easy to search there if you know exactly which language you need. But it's possible that some people will still find this project through interwiki. As a source of information, people prefer to read in their native language. What you said could have been expected 10-20 years ago. If they can't find information in their language, they'll translate it from the language in which it exists (most likely, English). The quality of translation in online translators is much better now. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 09:09, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::Good news. A thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia" has appeared on the Langcom Mailing List. I hope we get a positive response soon. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-17126-63|&#126;2026-17126-63]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-17126-63|talk]]) 20:12, 18 March 2026 (UTC) :::I'm really starting to get the impression that langcom is deliberately ignoring wp/isv. Jon Harald Søby created a thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia," but it received no response, either positive or negative. However, another thread appeared there and received an almost immediate response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18779-70|&#126;2026-18779-70]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18779-70|talk]]) 11:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::: That's true. But in reality, there are plenty of such threads. Someone wants approval, no one responds, or no one responds positively, and approval is delayed. Don't count on approval soon; it will be several years away. I especially don't recommend relying on the nearly dead Langcom.--[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18633-18|&#126;2026-18633-18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18633-18|talk]]) 11:30, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Years? Is it really that bad? What's the point of writing anything here if there will never be approval? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18861-96|&#126;2026-18861-96]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18861-96|talk]]) 13:56, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::: Honestly, I don't know why they're doing this. It's been clear many times that Langcom doesn't want to approve this project and will delay approval as long as possible. Sooner or later, this leads to burnout (maybe Langcom is counting on it). Note that Langcom hasn't offered any apologies or justifications, as if this is a normal situation. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18833-94|&#126;2026-18833-94]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18833-94|talk]]) 15:57, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ura! Sračky 😂 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 21:35, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Very good news! Other members of the language committee have responded, and it's safe to say that Interslavic Wikipedia is practically approved. All that's left is to leave a notification about the proposal being approved, and now all that's left is to create isv.wikipedia.org. Finally, it's isv's turn. Thank you for continuing to create articles and staying active. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31741-38|&#126;2026-31741-38]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-31741-38|talk]]) 03:13, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == Wiktionary == ''(moving this to a separate item to avoid cluttering)'' When we receive approval, will it automatically give us the option to create a Wiktionary for Interslavic, or do we need to apply for that separately? I already have some ideas and plans for it. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 15:45, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Setting up a separate Wiktionary would require a separate application process on [[m:Requests for new languages|Meta]]. Approval will probably come easier if Interslavic already has its own Wikipedia, though. Theoretically, you could also start creating a Wiktionary in the Incubator, here: [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/isv Wt/isv]. Yet I am wondering: what would be the point of a Wiktionary for Interslavic? We already have our multilingual dictionary at https://interslavic-dictionary.com/, and there's the same dictionary at http://steen.free.fr/interslavic/dynamic_dictionary.html. Keeping those two in line with each other is already quite a lot of work. Wouldn't it be better to keep all our eggs in one basket, instead of having even more dictionaries around? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:42, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::Well, in reality, I'm just experimenting. ::In theory, there is an automated or at least semi-automated way to add articles to Wiktionary straight from the dictionary database, so the labor part should not be that difficult. ::What I did is I've created a fork of the dictionary that is using the same database and did slight improvements to it's UI, so now you can compare multiple words at the same screen and you can also look up the Wiktionary article straight from the interface, just by pressing the hyperlink. Creating Interslavic Wiktionary obviously would allow me to add the links to Interslavic Wiktionary. ::Wiktionary by definition is something that anyone can edit, so: ::# People would add new words more easily (Yes, there is a problem with verifying if those words are good or not, but in general it would give more power to the community vs. now, when suggesting something to Interslavic dictionary seems more like a bureaucratic process rather than a community contribution). ::# People could modify articles about the words in Interslavic and add contexts, translations to their natural languages, usage examples, etc. (Think of https://context.reverso.net/) ::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:04, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::I've also revived the Slovnik Bot in Telegram and modified it a little bit, so it's also showing links to Wiktionary articles in corresponding languages. :::In theory, if people will add the use cases in Interslavic, this bot would be able to spit it out to users in Telegram. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::The slovnik fork is available here :::https://interslavic.forum/slovnik/ :::I'm still working on it, but it's pretty much done for now. :::It allows you to compare up to 4 words on the same screen and look up the Wiktionary articles for corresponding language. :::This is just something I'm constantly using in writing texts. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:10, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::In general, I'm just trying to integrate the existing infrastructure of Interslavic with what Wikipedia offers. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Well, I can certainly see the potential advantages of a Wiktionary. It could, for example, help in translating the dictionary into other languages. The thing is only that the official Interslavic dictionary is being worked on by a whole team of people. Errors are being corrected, new words are being added, and sometimes existing words are being replaced or simply kicked out. The problem with forked dictionaries is that sooner or later they will be obsolete. Besides, we can't have people adding stuff that hasn't been properly researched. That's why I am a bit hesitant here. But if you really want to try it, I cannot stop you, of course. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:50, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :This is a UI fork, mostly visual difference and additional features. It's connected to the same google document just as official dictionary. The only difference for now is that I've fixed individual declensions for some words (jejin, obědvě) (also I've committed the changes to official dictionary, it's just a matter for someone to approve the changes). :I'm not trying to create my own dictionary, but I'd like the work to go faster and I'd like to have a more participatory mechanism for the community. :Wiktionary would be a part of this mechanism. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:28, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Okay, we can of course give it a try. And like I said, I can surely see quite a few advantages of the idea. My only concern is, who is going to manage all this? Starting it in the Incubator is possible for sure, but if it's going to be a one-man show, it will probably stay there forever. Personally, I'd much rather we concentrate on Wikipedia now, which is already more than enough work. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:07, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::I'll try to see how far I can go with it. If I fail, I fail, no biggie. I promise I will keep writing here on Wiki :) [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:16, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I also do see potential in empowering people. When we know that our voice matters and we can affect something, it is in itself a very inspiring thing. I may be too naive and idealistic tho. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:21, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::[[Wt/isv/Main Page]] :::I've created the Main Page and in process of importing the words from the dictionary. :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], I was thinking translating some of your materials from English to Interslavic on word formation, voting machine, etc to create Help page, can I have your permission? :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] @[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] @[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] @[[Koristnik:Danvintius Bookix|Danvintius Bookix]] @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]] @[[Koristnik:Medžuslovjanin|Medžuslovjanin]] @[[Koristnik:Ferpaks|Ferpaks]] @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] @[[Koristnik:Aula Orion|Aula Orion]] @[[Koristnik:Panslav|Panslav]] @[[Koristnik:Orbitminis|Orbitminis]] @[[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] @[[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] @[[Koristnik:Plameniled|Plameniled]] @[[Koristnik:Miłosz Czaniecki|Miłosz Czaniecki]] @[[Koristnik:Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров]] @[[Koristnik:Qiorly|Qiorly]] @[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] @[[Koristnik:SzymonV|SzymonV]] @[[Koristnik:Asank neo|Asank neo]] @[[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] @[[Koristnik:Machine of goodness|Machine of goodness]] @[[Koristnik:Snovid|Snovid]] :::If anyone has any suggestions, I'd love to hear it. :::So far my plan is the followinɡː :::[[Wt/isv/Vikislovnik:Propozicija měseca#Dorabotati Vikislovnik]] [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 01:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi GlěbDyndar, I can see the Wiktionary already on the incubator, and found a nice side-effect for Wikipedia incubator: when editing in Visual mode, selecting a noun in Nominative or a verb in infinitive, and pressing Ctrl-K (to insert hyperlink) it also shows possible links to the Wiktonary, so this option could be used for spell checking 😎 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 13:40, 19 March 2026 (UTC) :::::That would be awesome! Having something to check spelling against is beneficial for the wiki. Yes, there is an official Interslavic Dictionary available, but it's not really built into Wikipedia, it would be really interesting to see it imported into the Wiktionary in its full extent and interconnected with the Wikipedia for spellcheck. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|contribs]]) 14:19, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: First of all, it's not that it takes up a lot of memory. Wiki projects use templates. A volunteer user who might want to edit Wiktionary doesn't need to know HTML and CSS. Learn to create templates first. The original wiki code, consisting almost entirely of HTML and CSS, is what we had in the past. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 16:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Да говно эти шаблоны, в эпоху ИИ от них толку мало, ебешься три года ради того, что ИИ напишет за секунду. А потом если нужно какую строчку добавить или убавить в карточке, снова нужно лезть в этот шаблон и выяснять что там к чему. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::все новое - это хорошо забытое старое) :::::::::Шаблоны были сделаны, чтоб облегчить жизнь тем, кто не может кодить. Сейчас кодить может каждый, соответственно шаблоны летят мимо. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:10, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: Whether it's good or bad, that's the way things are done in Wikimedia projects. So, don't blame anyone else. You can easily create your own beautiful wiki project without templates in the AI ​​era. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 10:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Да не переживай ты так, учитель) Разберусь, что мне делать. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 16:24, 15 May 2026 (UTC) == Sravniti vs. sravnjati vs. sravnivati == slovnik ima 'sravnjati' kak imperfect, ale iz mojego pogleda, bylo by razumněje pisati "sravnivati", ibo priblizno vse jezyky imajut dodatny slog v tutom slovu v imperfektu "sravnjati" za mene imaje smysl "uravnjati", "sdělati jednakovym", na angl. ''to level'' čto myslite? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Nu znaješ, "sravnjati" prosto jest regularno stvorjena nesovršena forma sovršenogo glagola "sravniti". V dolgoj historiji medžuslovjanskogo jezyka vsegda jesmo usilovali, že jezyk jest kako možno regularny. Zato ''-ati > -yvati'', a ''-iti > -jati''. Očevidno, byli by takože druge možnosti, napr. ''-ati > -avati'' iili ''-iti > -ivati''. Ale my jesmo izbrali te formy, ktore sut najbolje razprostranjene po slovjanskyh jezykah. Poněkogda te druge formy na indivualnoj osnově daže mogut byti lěpše, ale ne hočemo vvesti v jezyk veče neregularnostij, neželi sut potrěbne. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:01, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, Jane, ja dobro razuměm i pametam vaše pojasnjenje o logikě impf.-pf. glagolov v MS, ale čto ako li poněkogda stvorjajemo falšivyh prijateljev v ugodu regulardnosti? (rus. сравнять, čes. srovnat, pol. zrównać) ::Dodatno, regularnost v MS v tutom osobnom slučaju (iz moejgo pogleda) ide protiv naturalističnosti, ibo vse naturalne jezyky prědavajut semantiku "to be comparing" inym slovom. ::Russky срав'''ни'''вать, сопоставлять ::Bělorussky параўноўваць, зраў'''ноў'''ваць, супастаўляць ::Ukrajinsky порів'''ню'''вати, зіставляти, зрівнювати ::Poljsky porów'''ny'''wać ::Češsky srov'''ná'''vat, porov'''ná'''vat ::Slovačsky porov'''ná'''vať, zrov'''ná'''vať ::Hrvatsky srav'''nji'''vati, upoređivati ::Srbsky срав'''њи'''вати, упоређавати ::Makedonsky сравнува, споредува ::Bulgarsky срав'''ня'''вам ::"Sravnjati s zemjeju" — "Compare with Earth?" or "Level it to the ground"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:43, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Aha, razuměju. Da da, takom slučaju može lěpje bude ''sravnyvati'' (nesov.) i ''sravnati'' (sov.), a takože ''sravnanje'' zaměsto ''sravnjenje'' «comparison”, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:57, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Moje prědloženje": :::for the verb ''to compare: sravniti / sravnivati,'' ibo to odpovědaje logikě naturalnyh jezykov. :::for the verb ''to even, to level'' we already have ''poravniti'' (curiously, it's not ''por'''o'''vniti'', which would follow the logic you're explaining) :::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:13, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::''sravnjati'' možemo ostaviti, ale jedino v smyslu ''to even, to level'' [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:22, 14 February 2026 (UTC) == Websajt s katalogom i statistikoju == <nowiki>https://medzuslovjansky.onl/</nowiki> jesm stvoril maly websajt s vyše vizualnym kalalogom stranic i statistikoju može byti koristany kak onlajn biblioteka stvoril jego da by može byti takym obrazom uprostiti dostup obyčnyh ljudij do Viki i malost zainteresovati v napisanju člankov prošu, pišite vaši propozicije i myslji [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 17:32, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :myslju oddělno sdělati filtr za kategorij s prověrjenym pravopisom i dobry članok, da by možno bylo legko najdti teksty s dobrym MSom [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:11, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, to bylo by interesno. Myslju, že kategorija s prověrjenym pravopisom ne jest mnogo upotrěbima, ale može [[Incubator:Spisok najdolžejših stranic|tutoj spisok najdolžejših ćlankov]] jest? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::Už sdělal oddělny filtr, koj polazyvaje jedino članky so zvězdoju i s prověrjenym pravopisom. Myslju, to ne byla zla ideja i ja budu probovati dodavati toj šablon, kogda čitaju članky. :::Vo vkladke statistika možno odfiltrovati članky po dolžině, ale može byti sdělati oddělnu jarku vkladku "Najdolžejše članky"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:19, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, myslju, že to jest dobry pomysl. Mimohodom, može mogli byhmo uže dodati do dobryh člankov. Srěd mojih člankov, myslju, že napriklad [[Abhazsky alfabet]], [[Džok (pes)]] i [[Ҕ]] kvalifikujut se, ibo sut mnogo obširnějše, než jihne ekvivalenty na drugyh jezykah. Imajete li prědloženja? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::A nas budut prověrjati na odpovědnost kriterijam dobryh člankov? Ibo imajemo množstvo člankov vyše 10kb, koje libo už sut dost dobre (ale može byti ne sut take dobre, kak jihne analogy v inyh jezykah, ili prinajmenje v něktoryh), ale sut kratše, než v inyh jezykah. :::::I takože imajemo množstvo člankov menše než 10kb, ale koje takože sut mnogo dobre. :::::Večinstvo (ili vse) članky o kiriličnyh bukvah sut dobre na moj pogled, ale ne imajut trěbujemogo razměra. :::::@[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] napisal několiko dobryh člankov, ale on prosil prověriti pravopis za njim i ja byh dodal v jegove članky malost obrazov ili medija materialov, že by jih nemnogo oživiti (imajut prěmnogo teksta bez ničego vizualnogo) :::::@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] takože napisal dostatočno dobryh člankov [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:27, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Da da, jesm suglasny. Teoretično ne imajemo izrazne kriterije, toliko, že dobry članok trěbuje iměti někoju kritičnu masu. Granica 10K bajtov byla ustanovjena libovoljno, kogda na medžuviki iměli jesmo 20 člankov >10K, ale tutčas imajemo jih ok. 140. Dolgy ne avtomatično znači lěpši. Po mojemu mněnju, da by članok kvalifikoval se za uměščenje na glavnoj stranici: ::::::* jest bolje-menje kompletny o obgovarjaje vse aspekty (napr. članok o državě ne jest kompletny, ako nemaje ničego o ekonomikě, prirodě i t.d.). ::::::* imaje pravilny i prověrjeny pravopis ::::::* jest osnovany na prověrjenyh izvorah (znači, ne slěpo kopirovanyh iz drugyh viki) ::::::* ne jest toliko prěvod članka iz drugoj viki ::::::* kako možno, sodrživaje obrazky ::::::* kako možno, jest lěpši od ekvivalentah na drugyh slovjanskyh jezykah ::::::* prědmet ne jest prěmnogo niševy. ::::::Kromě togo, dobro by bylo, ako jest raznorodnost medžu člankami na glavnoj stranici. Tutčas imajemo ok. 20 dobryh člankov. Glupo bylo by, ako srěd njih byli 3 kirilične bukvy, ili 3 ukrajinski politiki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:51, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Dodati linky na spoločnosti v Dicord i TG na glavnoj stranici v menju == Tutčas poglednul i uviděl, že bulgarska vikipedija ima linky do spoločnostij v discord i tg na glavnoj stranici v menju, v lěvoj jegovoj česti. Može byti, my takože budemo dodati? https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:29, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :Ne znaju, imaje li smysl popularizovati toj Diskord, on ne imaje ničto občo s Viki projektom, i Jan tam ne jest. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:16, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Nove možnosti translliteracije - sdělano == Blagodare dobrym ljudam, pomagavšim izměniti skript, pojavili se nove možnosti transliteracije.<br/>Šablon '''-''' dostavaje novu funkciju: <br/>Tuty šablon upravjaje transliteracijeju, izključaje ju za fragment teksta (kogda koristaje se s jednym parametrom), ili pokazyvaje razny tekst za latinicu i kirilicu (variant s dvoma parametrami).<br/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</nowiki></code>|| <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Jean-François</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Жан-Франсуа</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Джо Байден</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu {{-|Roundhay|Раундхеј}}» (1888) {{-|[[Louis Le Prince|{{-|Louis Le Prince'a}}]]|[[Louis Le Prince|Луи ле Пранса ({{-|Louis Le Prince)}}]]}} — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu Roundhay» (1888) Louis Le Prince'a — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Сцена в саду Раундхеј» (1888) Луи ле Пранса (Louis Le Prince) — најраннєјши известны филм в хисторији.</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>V Providence’u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>В Провиденсу</nowiki></code> |} <br /> <s>Čto ješče ne rabotaje: v mobilnoj versiji bude vsegda pokazyvati i latiničny i kiriličny varianty. Na rěšenju rabotajemo.</s> Vsečto uže rabotaje! [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:15, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Odlično! Nu izvini, ale vse vrěme ne razuměju, začto jest toj drugy šablon. Takože možno jest pisati: <nowiki>{{-|Jean-François (izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|Žan-Fransua (fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki>, i rezultat bude taky sam, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Jego sdělal Iohanen za test, rěšil ostaviti 😊 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:43, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::vot test obohdvoh šablonov na živom članku https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:48, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Mene lično dopoka nemnogo ustrašaje ta razlika medžu latiniceju i kiriliceju, ko ktoroj prihodímo. Napriklad, jesm musel v jednom slučaju sklonjati kirilicu i ne sklonjati latinicu 😢 Tako prijdemo ko dvom jezykam. Možlivo, bysmo mogli prěporučovati koristanje tutoj možnosti toliko v izključiteljnyh slučajah? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:04, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::A v kakom slučaju trěba bylo sklonjati kirilicu? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:13, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Tut byl variant ::::v Red Hook / v Ред-Хуку, ale já jesm dopoka našel izhod: ::::v apartamentu v četvrti {-|Red Hook|Ред Хук} [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:18, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::ješče v Providence / в Провиденсу [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:24, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:32, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::myslím, že rěšenjem jest vo Providensu / во Провиденсу, v Red-Huku / в Ред-Хуку. Ale, Lovecrafta/Лавкрафта, zato že ime [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:31, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:35, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::nu to jest podobno russkomu jezyku, kogda koristajut se kusky latinicy [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:37, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Točno. A tamtyh slučajah: {{-|v Providence’u, v Red Hook’u}}. Koristajuči novy možnosti, možno daže: <code><nowiki>«V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u»</nowiki></code>: «V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u». {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:40, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::nu to uże diko jest: во Провиденс-цу? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:42, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Vo Providence'u/ во Провиденсу izgledaje kompromisno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:44, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::interesno, trěba izučiti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:52, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::Gaulle на выдумки хитра (russko prislovje) ☺️ [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Vsim pozdrav, ide obnovjenje skripta, transliteracija ne bude někaky čas rabotati. Prosim izviniti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 17:47, 5 March 2026 (UTC) :Tak, vsečto jest izrěšeno, uže rabotaje i na mobilu. Mnogo děkuju adminam Vikipedije, ktore mnogo pomogli. Ura 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 19:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC) ::Vidžu! Fantastično! Hvala vsim, ktori pomogli! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:20, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Originalne <s>imena ljudij</s> i iztvorov umětnostij kako nazvy člankov == <s>Ja jesm natolkl se na toj problem, že ne věm, kako dějati lěpše... Jest članok o Johnu R. R, Tolkienu, zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano anglijskym jezykom. Trěba li takym že sposobom stvorjati i nove članky? A kako pisati vnutri članka?</s> <s>Ješče jesm ugleděl, že v poljskom jezyku imena sklanjajut se po pravilam jezyka, ale pišut se kako v originalu. Či možno li togda vnutri članka pisati, napriklad, ''... u Johna Ronalda Reuela Tolkiena...''? Ne bude li togda to mrzko izgledati v kirilici ''... у Jохна Роналда Реуела Толкиена...''? Abo trěba vnutri članka flavorizovati?..</s> P.S. Pomilujte, ja jesm slěpec, jedino tutčas uviděl jesm v vrhu to, kak to možno sdělati. Ješče jedna věč: jest članok o «Vladaru prstenjev», zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano na anglijskom jezyku («The Lord of the Rings»). Trěba li jego prěimenovati na medžuslovjansky jezyk? Myslim, že trěba, bo na vsakoj Vikipedije nazvy knig prěkladajut se na glavny jezyk Vikipedije. Cělkovito ne razuměm, kako rěšati tuto pytanje, ačekoli mně se kaže, že jego už obgovarjali, ale ja ne vidim rezultatov, pomilujte. S považenjem, [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|talk]]) 07:38, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Da, nazvanja knig jest trěba prěkladati, TLOTR in particular ☺️ Nužno jest tuty članok prěimenovati/prěměstiti, čto ne jest trudno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:21, 3 May 2026 (UTC) ::Točno, lěpje jest prěvoditi zaglavja knig, filmov i t.d., ale takože imaje byti prěnapravjenje od originalnogo zaglavja. Jesm prěimenoval TLOTR v [[Vladar prstenjev]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:14, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == Approval! == Great news! Interslavic Wikipedia will soon be approved! Committee member Jon Harald Søby posted the approval notice on the Talk Language Committee page! Finally! Let everyone know if anyone doesn't know yet, and let Jan know too! Victory! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-35104-48|&#126;2026-35104-48]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-35104-48|talk]]) 18:12, 15 June 2026 (UTC) :approved! 🎉 [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36378-17|&#126;2026-36378-17]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-36378-17|talk]]) 15:14, 23 June 2026 (UTC) : Radostno! [[Koristnik:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Таёжный лес|besěda]]) 23:48, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Administratorstvo == Dragi! Dnes nakonec naša Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija byla stvorjena. Blagoželaju nam vsim i imaju naděju, že naš projekt bude postojanno rasti! Ja jesm byl administrator v Inkubatoru, a takože vo vsih prědhodnyh versijah medžuslovjanskoj viki (od 2007 g.). Na žalost, administratorstvo ne bylo prěneseno avtomatično iz Inkubatora, zato trěba mně tu oficialno kandidatovati se na administratora. Jest několiko věčij, ktore tutčas trěba bude sdělati bystro. Napriklad, vy isto pametajete, že skoro vse stranice iz Medžuviki byli kopirovane ručno – bez jihnyh historij, čto jest narušenje avtorskyh prav – i zato ja hoču je stopiti s novějšimi versijami. Kromě togo, vsegda jest potrěbny někto, ktory odstranjaje spam, vandalizm i tako dalje. Prošu, glasujte poniže! Sut slědujuče opcije: {{-|<nowiki>{{Za}}, {{Protiv}}, {{Nevtralno}} i {{Primětka}}</nowiki>}}. Ne zabudite dodati svoj podpis (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). S srdečnym pozdravom, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:50, 24 junij 2026 (UTC) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:09, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}: Razuměje se, Jan nas dovedl tu kde jesmo, ov projekt bez jegovogo děla ne by ni egzistoval. On zakladaje se mnogo i obhodi se s pravdivymi ambicijami. Nadějem se budemo iměti uspěšny prvy god na živoj Vikipediji! :) – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 00:19, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 03:01, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} i potrěbujemo izbrati ješče 2-3 admini ili podadmini [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 06:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} Jan nas dovedl tam, kamo jesmo potrěbovali, i kako najaktivnějši člen občiny si zasluži byti administratorom. --[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:49, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}}, očevidno. Velika hvala vsim — to jest naš obči uspěh! [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 17:53, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} očevidno, Jan je tvorec medžuslovjanskogo. [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 01:05, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # Разумєје се {{Za}} [[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:FitikWasTaken|besěda]]) 13:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} prisjedinjaju se k vsemu vyše skazanomu. [[Koristnik:Noncinque|Noncinque]]([[Besěda s koristnikom:Noncinque|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (UTC+6) :{{Za}} [[Koristnik:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Sauit|besěda]]) 01:48, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini === {{Ping|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} i ostatni, kogo jesm ne vspomnil tut, prosim nehtěl by někdo se stati vtorym i tretjim adminom, da by Jan ne tegnul vsečto sam? Prosim takože vsih glasovati, hvalim voprěd. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:23, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) 09:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :Ja ne věm, ako byh iměl na to dostatok časa, i ja o tom budu razvažiti. Ja dekuju za prědloženje. [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:57, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) ::Da, dobro bylo by iměto ješče jednogo ili dvoh adminov. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], može li ty se kandiduješ? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :::Možno, budu, ale by se htělo lěpših kandidatov. ({{-|BTW}} izčezlo "odgovoriti", to jesm ja něčto slomil?) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:21, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Ja mogu prijmati vaše prizvanje do administratorstva. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:35, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]]: Super! Togda sdělajte oddělno zaglavje, da byhmo ne komplikovali žitje administratorom na Meta. ;) {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:44, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hvala @[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], tako izdělajemo, ale htělo by ješče i někogo, kdo znaje, kako rabotaje Vikipedija lěpje, než ja ili @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i od kogo by bylo vyše koristi. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:03, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) Zdrav! Ako naša občina to želaje, mogu sebe nominovati za administratora i administratora interfejsa. Primarno se interesujem rabotati na tehničnoj infrastrukturě projekta: šablony, moduly, CSS, JS/gadžety, botovanje, i t.d. Administrativne prava dobro prihodet zaradi izčrkavanja i iziskyvanja, importovanja i prěměščanja specifičnyh stranic, iz-medžu ostalogo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:02, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :@[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]]: To bylo by odlično! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:05, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm uže administrator (interfejsa) na srbskohrvatskoj Vikipedije i bylo by mně milo prenesti něčto znalosti odonud ovamo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:11, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini - glasovanje === Kandidati na druge admini sut dva, @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] i @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]], oni ne sut konkurenti, adminami mogut byti obadva, jestli budut poddržani, prosim za ili protiv njih takože glasovati tut (ne zabezpametajte glasovati i za Jana vgorě) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ==== Vipz ==== @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo opytnogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} – ne znam dobro člověka [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 10:59, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. Věrim jegovomu slovu o znanju interfejsa — tute znanja sut nam potrěbne. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:37, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}, očevidno! Izkušeny koristnik, črěz dolge lěta byl administrator Medžuviki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:38, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:07, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... ==== Marcoorio ==== @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo motivovanogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:40, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 15:47, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:08, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 12:58, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... == Kolikost člankov na latinici i kirilici == Dragi prijatelji! Ja myslju, že oprědělenje "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju" ne odgovarja enciklopedičnosti. Prědlagaju stvoriti kategoriju, katalog po tipu Spisok člankov na latinici i na kirilici. Začto? Da by točno razuměti, koliko u nas materialov jest napisano na oboh grafikah. Poka čto u nas sut tendencije k umenšenju pisanja člankov na kirilici. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 23:10, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :A či jest li potrěbno tuto ukazanje? Imajemo translitiraciju, zatom, na moj pogled, ne jest potrěbno ukazyvati, koliko člankov sut na kirilici/latinici. Takym tvrdženjem možemo odstrašiti tyh, kto znaje kirilicu i ne znaje latinicu (ako taki sut) abo někako inako prinesti zlu myslj, ale, očevidno, ju ne imajemo. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm obratil uvagu na fakt, že v članku "Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija" jest privedena taka informacija: "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju", ale ne ima spiska člankov po kirilici i latinici. Zato jesm pomyslil, že jest enciklopedično ukazovati točnu informaciju [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:52, 26 junij 2026 (CEST). Дља статистикы буде интересно. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Kako oprěděliti, latinica ili kirilica, bot/skript musi uděliti toliko tekst iz članka i sčitati latinične i kirilične bukvy? Napriměr, jestli vyše 70% teksta sut kirilične bukvy, on jest kiriličny? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 13:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :: А сут много чланков, кде оба писма? Вообче, по мојему мнєнју то пытанје технично. Просто, интересно, направду, кака у нас тутчас статистика. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:14, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Mnogo lingvističnyh člankov imajut kirilične tablicy, priměry teksta, kako Mansijsky jezyk i td. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:19, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Ili prosto, tekst s kiriličnymi nazvami razdělov jest kiriličnym 8-) Ako li sut razděly [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:22, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Za statistiku bylo by interesno, ale ja ne myslju, že taka kategorizacija jest potrěbna. Kromě togo dodavanje i poddrživanje tyh kategorij bude mnogo raboty. Někoj čas tomu nazad jesm prosto občislil, koliko iměli jesmo člankov na kirilici i latinici na osnově zaglavij (ne včisleči mojih člankov o kiriličnyh bukvah, ktore byli napisane latiniceju). Togda to bylo okolo 1/3 kirilice i 2/3 latinice. Kako to izgledaje tutčas, ja ne znaju. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 15:56, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm napravil osnovnu prověrku: v tutom momentu, 1,072 odnosno {{round|70.993377}}% nadpisov je na latinici, a 438 odnosno {{round|29.006623}}% vsih nadpisov na kirilici. Imějuči na umu različne dolžiny člankov, {{Round|88.523968}}% vsego teksta napisano je na latinici. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 16:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jestvuje že algoritm, ktory čisli kolikost člankov pravilno? A ako prosto načeti označovati članky kategorijami "Članok napisany kiriliceju" / "Članok napisany latiniceju", tako takože možno stvoriti po priměru togo algoritma algoritm, ktory v kategorijah bude čisliti članky. Ili sčitati ručno, s pomočju kategorij. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 16:44, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Razděljenje Krčmy == Dragi kolegi, hčemo razdvojiti [[Vikipedija:Krčma]] na několiko tematičnyh odděljenij? Za početok: Pravila i směrnice; Tehnika (ili Tehnične kvestije/pytanja); Jezyk i pravopis (ili Jezyčne kvestije/pytanja); Noviny. Tak možemo razbrěmeniti centralnu stranicu Krčmy i ulegšati slědovanje diskusij kogda-libo egzistuje potrěba diskutovati mnogo prědmetov jednočasno. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 14:23, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) : Јесм согласны. Але, по мојему мнєнју новины не трєба оддєљати од централној Крчмы. Лєпје јих видєти разом на централној. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:41, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Či ne lěpje li arhivovati stare diskusije? Krčma jest velmi těžka tutčas, ale imaje byti "{{-|village pump}}", selskoju studnoju, kde obgovarjaje se vsečto [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Dalšo pytanje, imajemo v menu "Portal občiny", čto nikuda ne vede. Imaje tam býti link do Krčmy? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:32, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm arhivoval stare poslanja v Krčmě. Pozdněje hoču takože dodati starějše sodržanje Krčmy na Medžuviki do arhiva, ale tutčas to ješče ne jest možno. ::Čto se tyče razdvojenja krčmy, ja ne jesm uvěrjen, jest li to smyslno. Imajemo tu može 10–20 aktivnyh učestnikov i obyčne sut samo dva ili tri aktivne prědmety na měsec. Napriklad, v maju bylo samo 14 pravok, a v aprilju 4. Ako tu bude zaisto mnogo aktivnosti, togda možno bude pomysliti o razdvojenju, ale v medžučasu ja byh ostavil Krčmu taku, kaka ona jest. Očevidno budut avtomatične poslanja na anglijskom jezyku od fondacije Wikimedia, ktore po mojemu mněnju možno bude arhivovati do oddělnogo arhiva. ::A Portal občiny... jest li nam on potrěbny? Ja by na tom město sdělal link do Krčmy, ale k tomu bude potrěbny administrator. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:05, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:20, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Jesm mněval, tutčas jesmo oficialna Vikipedija, itak bude mnogo vyše raboty i, slědovateljno, diskusije. Kogda avtomatične, masivne poslanja budut početi, one nas budut zakopati. Brda inojezyčnyh poslanij umějut dokladati tako zvanomu '{{-|[[:en:banner blindness|banner blindness]]u}}'. Tutošnje poslanja togda budut menje primětne, čto može pobudžati deficit lokalnoj aktivnosti. Jedno rěšenje jest arhivacija, nu časom ne budemo htěti arhivovati recentne poslanja. Drugo rěšenje jest čekati, viděti i onogda rěšati. Jesm oprěděljeny za koju-nebud opciju. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 08:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Pozdrav, Jane, čto jestli prosto dati vněšni link na kavárnu Medžuviki prěd linkom na arhiv na početku stranice? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:30, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja ne mnju, že Portal občiny ima vesti na Krčmu, na češskoj Vikipediji to napriměr vede na [[:cs:Wikipedie:Portál Wikipedie|tutu stranicu]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 19:24, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::@[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]]: Da da, ja znaju, ale češska Vikipedija jest veliky projekt. Menše viki često ne imajut taky portal, ili samo někaky kratky tekst ili prěnapravjenje na [[Vikipedija:Čto Vikipedija ne jest]]. Nyně my imajemo prěmalo stranic za taky portal, ale može poprobujemo stvoriti nečto, li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:55, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm samo daval priměr. Portal občiny ne jest besěda občiny. Ale v budučnosti možemo něčto takovogo izrabotati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:49, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) == Vikidane == Pozdrav. Kako toliko na Vikidane dodadut jezyčny kod <code>isv</code>, bude trěba tutu stranicu na Vikidane [[d:Q16503|dodati]]. Možno jest, že to za nas izdělajut administratori Vikidanyh, ibo ja jesm na besědě stranice kako ne prijavjeny koristnik napisal zajavjenje o dodanje (ja jesm byl v rabotě). Jednako bude poslě potrěba priložiti takože vsake članky. Česti se mogu prijeti tako ja, ale sam ja na to ne staču. Tyseč člankov jest mnogo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:51, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Nám oběčali sut, že to sdělaje robot (možlivo) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 08:52, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Možlivo v budučnosti, kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, ale nyně ne jest možno kako by robot funkcionoval bez dodanogo koda. Itak, robot bude potrěbovati čestičnu pomoč od koristnikov, ibo ne vse bude podojdti izrabotati avtomatično. Ače, umětna inteligencija by možno mogla tako isto funkcionovati. Ale kto bude priučati umětnu inteligenciju? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:20, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Administracija Viki nam to oběčaje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Da, to jest možlivo. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm chčel se zapytati. Kako jest tuta stranica povezana s drugymi stranicami na inych jezyčnyh verzijah? To ne jest izdělano skroz Vikidane, ibo tako Vikidane ne imajut naš jezyčny kod, daže to ne jest izdělano skroz interviki, ili ja jesm to ne ugledal? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:35, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::Ja už jesm to našel. Tehničny šablon <code><nowiki>{{INTERWIKI}}</nowiki></code> iz {{š|Zaglavje krčmy}}. Kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, tuten tehničny šablon ne bude jest zapotrěbny. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:46, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Tak 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::::Hvala. Tako jest, ja jesm izrabil šablon {{š|Šablon}} (kratky link {{š|Š}}), kako isto tehničny šablon dlja ostavjanja inyh šablonov. Tuten šablon bude jest potrěba praviti dlja različenja imennyh prostorov i zablokovanja linka veduči na ne egzistujuče stranice. Tutčasna verzija jest velmi prosta. Tako jest, tuten šablon tutčasno ne uměje parametry. Tako isto, to bude potrěba dodati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:21, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :V vslědnyh dnah bude naš jezyčny kod <code>isv</code> dodany do Vikidanyh, kako jest viděti [[phab:T430419|tu na Fabrikatoru]]. Hvala adminam Fabrikatora. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 09:00, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) :The change has been merged and will be deployed on Wednesday during MediaWiki Train [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 16:33, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:45, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Velika hvala. Thank you. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:08, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Hi, it is Wednesday, where are we? Many thanks [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:55, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Nothing yet, but if there's one thing I have learned from the whole process that led to the creation of this wiki, it's patience. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:41, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 00:43, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) == Translations == Hi! Zdravo! Lately I have been translating special pages and namespaces. I noticed that an Interslavic Wikipedia was created (since I am from Ukraine myself) and I was very happy. So, I want to offer localization for this Wiki, all I need is a list of the necessary special pages and namespaces with their translation. If translation is still needed, then tag me under the list. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:31, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hi, sorry this is already done I believe. Thank you anyway 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:36, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::This about links. For example: Special:AllPages — Specialna:Vse stranice. And also translating for other non translated special pages (BlockedExternalDomains for example) [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:42, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Na tom uže někdo tuž rabotaje, ale možlivo Jan tebe odepíše [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:43, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Maybe the "Special" namespace still needs translation, and the individual links to the special pages. The view name of the pages are already translated, or should be at least. But links and the namespace itself are still in English. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) == Kako jest slovo "pěskovišče" kategorizovano? == Ja jesm pytam, či jest slovo "pěskovišče" roda mužskoho ili srědnogo? Ja jesm ne našel tuto slovo v [https://interslavic-dictionary.com/ medžuslovjanskom slovniku], ktory ja upotrěbjaju na odgovory i ine pravky. V češskom jezyku tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo, tak samo ja mnju, že tako samo tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo tako v medžuslovjanskom. Ale ja znaju, že to ne jest vsegda pravda. Napriměr, slovo "šablon" jest roda mužskogo v medžuslovjanskom jezyku, ale to samo jest roda ženskogo v češskom jezyku. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:51, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Vse imenniky na '''-o''' (poslě tvroj suglasky) i '''-e''' (poslě mekkoj suglasky) sut srědnjego roda. Slova na '''-išče''' v občem označajut město. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:12, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Tako jest slovo "město" roda srědnjego, da? Togda pěskovišče musi byti roda srědnjego kako město, da? Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 20:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :ono jest [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 20:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm zabyl, odprašaju se. Tako hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:14, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) rvgprbsrqy5w566p33utl5myvenx2d9 27809 27808 2026-07-02T05:28:52Z Ilja isv 10 /* Administratorstvo */ 27809 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Zaglavje krčmy}} <!--- Napišite svoje soobčenje niže ---> == Link na Diskord-server na Glavnoj stranici == Na Glavnoj stranici tut: Ако вы имајете какеколи пытан​ја, проблемы, примєткы или прєдложен​ја, поставите јих в '''[[Incubator:Krčma|крчмє обчины]]''' или [https://discord.gg/nhRuYAc5Uq нашем Дискорд-серверу]. Diskord-link vede na server Safronowiec, ktory uže malo čto imaje občo s MS i vikipedijeju. Imaje li smysl jego izmeniti na aktualny MS Diskord? Ili takože dodati link na Telegram-čat? Velika hvala. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 06:45, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] – Čestno govoreči, ja ne jesm na Diskordu i ne znaju te servery. Jest li tam někaka grupa, ktora specifično zajmaje se MS Vikipedijeju? Ako ne, može bylo by lěpje dodati link k grupě na Telegramu. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:39, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, možno dati link na tuty razdel Diskorda, gde diskutuje se rabota na Vikipedii ::[[discord:channels/879438774323535914/1284479085871104075|• Discord | "Medžuslovjanska Wikipedija" | Medžuslovjansky • Меджусловјанскы • Interslavic]] ::či takože na telegram https://t.me/interslavic_wikipedia, ale myslim by bylo dobro prěd tym zapytati tamnogo admina ili vlastnika. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:13, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :::Grupa na Telegramu jest nemnožko aktivnějša, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:28, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Takože jestvuje stary Diskord-server za Medžuviki: https://discord.gg/Yp5QfFCPny, ktorogo vodil Lev. Oboje dnes neaktivny. Jestvuje li potrěba iměti sobstveny Diskord-server za Vikipediju? Forum-nit ne jest mnogo primětna. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 09:35, 6 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, tam ješče někto byvaje iz redaktorov, dodam tuty link do glavnoj stranicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:58, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Prědustavjeno pismo == Zdrav surabotniki! Jest nužno organizovati (povtoriti) razpravu o preferovanom pismu medžuslovjanskoj Vikipedije na domenu Fundacije Vikimedija, da byhmo iměli osnovu za tehničnu rabotu ktora odnese se na naše jezyčne kody <code>isv</code>, <code>isv-Latn</code>, and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> na Fabrikatoru ({{-|phabricator.wikimedia.org}}). [https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEuviki:Kavarnja#Vikipedija_na_med%C5%BEuslovjanskom Diskusije organizovane na sajtu Miraheze] – na Fabrikatoru oni ne uvažajut. Slědovateljno otvarjaju ovu diskusiju: ktoro pismo preferujemo i začto? – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 08:58, 9 January 2026 (UTC) Hey Vipz, I'll respond in English, so that members of the Language Committee will be able to follow this conversation as well. A few months ago, I went through all articles we have, and found that about 2/3 of our articles use the Latin alphabet and 1/3 use Cyrillic. Although I am not active on social media myself, I have the impression that the situation there is similar: the majority uses Latin, but a sizeable minority uses Cyrillic. Since Latin and Cyrillic being equal is one of the main design criteria of Interslavic, the conclusion is simple: it should be possible to use both alphabets, and they should, ''as far as possible'', be served equally well. In other words, we need a bidrectional script converter. I've been looking around a bit and found ca. 20 Wikipedia editions that work with some kind of script converter: * Our own converter runs on Javascript and has three options: the source page (Lat/Cyr), the Latin transliteration and the Cyrillic translation. It has the advantage that the system remembers the preferred script of the user, apparently by means of a cookie. In mainspace articles, this converter only transliterates the text, but not the page name and not the categories. On category pages, it transliterates the titles of the articles and subcategories it contains, as well as system messages like "Тхе фолловинг 4 пагес аре ин тхис цатегоры, оут оф 4 тотал." The only established Wikipedia with a converter that works like this is [[:got:|Gothic]]. * [[:sr:|Serbian]], [[:uz:|Uzbek]], [[:ku:|Kurdish]], [[:chr:|Crimean Tatar]], [[:iu:|Inuktitut]] and [[:shi:|Tachelhit]] have PHP-based converters with the same three options (f.ex. source, Lat., Kir.). Information about the script is contained in the URL. The system does not remember one's preferred script, so when a page is opened, it is always the source text that is displayed first. This converter also converts the page title and the categories it is in. On category pages it does the opposite from our current converter: it transliterates the page title and the categories it is in, but not the titles of the pages and the subcategories it contains. * [[:sh:|Serbocroatian]], [[:tg:|Tajik]], [[:tly:|Talysh]] and [[:zgh:|Amazigh]] have PHP-based converters with two only options (for example: Latinica/Ћирилица). As I've understood, these converters are unidirectional, so that all pages must be written in the same script. For the rest, they work the same as Serbian. * The Chinese ones (zh, wuu, gan, zh-yue) seem to work like either Serbian or Serbocroatian, but since I can't read Chinese, I haven't taken any closer look at them. * [[:tt:|Tatar]] and [[:cv:|Chuvash]] have one or sometimes two buttons next to the page name. Everything is transliterated, even the menu on the left. Appears to run on JavaScript. * [[:ban:|Balinese]] has no less than five variations, but I can't quite figure out how it works. It seems like it shows some transliteration version by default, but I'm not sure about that. * [[:mni:|Meitei]] offers transliteration into Bengali script, but that works only for the categories underneath a page and the first letters on category pages. * [[:cu:|Church Slavonic]]: every page has three links for three different script variants (including Glagolitic), but they don't seem to work anymore. [[:ang:|Anglo-Saxon]] has a similar thing that actually works. * Another five projects (ug, bug, hak, bbc, gom) have multiple scripts but instead of a converter they sometimes contain multiple versions of the same article, for example [[:bug:Balanda]]. We have done that too in the beginning, but it's way too high-maintenance to be workable. I've been told that JavaScript is considered a bad idea, because it doesn't work properly in Wikipedia apps for cell phones. This means that we need to use the PHP solution, and since we need the converter to be bidirectional, our only option is the solution used for Serbian. This does, however, have a few disadvantages: # It transliterates page titles, which is not always what we want. This shouldn't be problematic though, since the page title can be manipulated with a template, for example here: [[:sr:З (слово ћирилице)]] # However, it also transliterates the names of categories, which means that Latin and Cyrillic articles are all tossed into the same category. Articles names are listed there untransliterated. This is problematic, because we must consider that not every Latin-writing person can read Cyrillic, and not every Cyrillic-writing person can read the Latin alphabet. # Even if a category full of articles written in the Latin alphabet is transliterated into Cyrillic, it does not only show them in the Latin alphabet, but also in the alphabetical order of the Latin alphabet. # A user who prefers one of the two alphabets has to change it manually for each and every page. So here's my own preferred solution, if possible: # It can work exactly like the converter on Serbian Wikipedia does, except for one thing: it should NOT transliterate category names. # Instead, we have parallel categories for Latin and Cyrillic. Every article written in the Latin alphabet is placed in Latin categories and has a redirect in Cyrillic, which is placed in the Cyrillic counterparts of these categories. Articles with titles that cannot be transliterated, like [[Microsoft]] or [[Ж]], can be placed in both categories. This is, basically, the current situation. It has the advantage that every article can be found by navigating though the categories, and that they are placed in the correct alphabetical order (which for Cyrillic is different from the Latin order). # I am aware of the fact that this solution is not perfect: a Cyrillic user who follows a Cyrillic redirect will still end up with a Latin article in Latin categories, even if he switches to Cyrillic. This cannot be helped, I'm afraid. UNLESS it would be technically possible that the categories under a Latin article link to Latin categories, and the categories under a Cyrillic article to their Cyrillic equivalents. Would such a thing be possible? # It is not a matter of life or death, but it would be nice if a user's preferred orthography could be stored in a cookie, so that he/she won't have to change the orthography manually every time. This would be a nice-to-have. There are a few other issues, too, but I'll get back to that later. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:57, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan! This is a very insightful and nuanced reply. The issue of not having a default script on multi-scipt Wikimedia projects affects editors more so than readers. As of 2026, multi-script editing is, unfortunately, nothing more than a seldom mentioned concept ([https://diff.wikimedia.org/2018/03/12/supporting-languages-multiple-writing-systems/ Diff 2018 community blog article]; [[:c:File:Editing challenges on multi-script wikis (with speaker notes).pdf|Wikimania 2017 presentation]]). Some editors are less proficient or efficient with one of the scripts, and many do not know one or the other at all, and will therefore be uncomfortable editing articles in the said script. Until multi-script editing becomes a reality, having a default script is an option to be considered; whether it is a sensible sacrifice—to the benefit of one group (a majority) and detriment of the other (a minority)—is subjective, but alas. The other thing which concerns designation of a default script are fallback choices: <code>isv</code> should ''probably'' have a fallback sequence to one of the scripts, which ''could'' solve the issue of the system not recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv isv]</code> while recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Latn isv-Latn]</code> and <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Cyrl isv-Cyrl]</code>. In other words, we ought to support <code>isv</code>, but it makes no sense to translate it separately from <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code>, unless we intend to have an unwieldy and hideous solution to not favoring one or the other – by including them both in every localized interface, namespace, or message element. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 10:07, 10 January 2026 (UTC) ::Well, I think we shouldn't be over-zealous, but on the other hand, it's been almost twenty years now since I got involved with this language, and I can assure you that the alphabet issue has been a thing almost since day one. Every possible option between Latin-only and Cyrillic-only has its ardent supporters, and even though the Latin alphabet is used more often for Interslavic than Cyrillic, it remains a fact that about 3/4 of all Slavic people use Cyrillic. So treating one of them as merely a transliterated version of the other is out of the question. But it is also true that the average Pole, Czech or Slovene cannot read Cyrillic, whereas most Russians, Ukrainians and Bulgarians know the Latin alphabet at least to some degree, which gives the Latin alphabet a slight advantage nonetheless. It's not entirely clear to me what you mean by "fallback option", but if it means that <code>isv</code> is interpreted as "<code>isv-Latn</code> unless specified otherwise", I'd be perfectly fine with that.<br />Of course, there will always be imperfections. For a person who only knows the Latin alphabet it will be difficult to correct a typo in the Cyrillic text, or even to expand it with Latin text. For now, I think we should stick to the principle that a page written in Cyrillic stays in Cyrillic, and ''tant pis'' if you can't handle Cyrillic. But honestly, I don't think that's much of a problem at the moment. Most Interslavic users can understand both alphabets, and I'm sure the problem of multi-script editing will solve itself at some point.<br />For the record, transliteration between Latin and Cyrillic is pretty straightforward. The only inconsistency is the '''њ/нј''' issue found also in Serbian, but that's a minor thing that can easily be solved. That still leaves us with a few issues addressed [[:meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Interslavic#Writing system related issues|here]] by @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]]. More specifically, s/he mentions the possibility of using not only the ex-Yugoslavia method for displaying Cyrillic, but also the Russian method (''лю'' instead of ''љу''). If I understand correctly that the source code looks like [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Editing_challenges_on_multi-script_wikis_%28with_speaker_notes%29.pdf#page=29 this], such a thing could easily be implemented. The question is: do we want that? And another thing is that some users persistently use the etymological orthography (''mųž'', ''krålj'', etc.). If the converter can be programmed in such way that <code>'ų' => 'у'</code> and <code>'у' => 'u'</code>, then that would be a nice thing to have as well. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:40, 10 January 2026 (UTC) == Транслитерација со Јапонского == Поздрав! Какобы толико в източнословјанскых йезыках хирагану し / катакану シ транслитерујут како си/si. В вечинству језыков (вкључајучи словјански) пишут ши/shi/ši. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], може измєнити то [[Kacusika Hokusaj|сде]] на "Kacušika Hokusaj" або на "Kacušika Hokusai"? Како мыслите? --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 20:09, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Pozdrav, Murade, nazva ''Kacusika Hokusaj'' byla uže raněje v spisu potrěbnyh člankov, zato ja jesm to ostavil. Možno jest izdělati re-direkt na na ''Katsušika Hokusaj'' i to bude izobražati se na stranice. Tutčas, obratno, ja jesm prědělal vse japonske slova v članku na "''si''", "''dzju''", "''dzjo''" vměsto "''ši''", "''džu''", "''džo''" (Hepburnovo romaji ''shi'', ''ju'', ''jo''), i t.d. da by vsečto bylo v jednom standardu, ili možem to vratiti i ostaviti, kako bylo, s koristanjem jedino romaji transkripcije bez jej prěvoda do kirilicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:55, 12 January 2026 (UTC) Po mojemu mněnju to ne jest dobry pomysl. Nakoliko ja znaju, toj spisok potrěbnyh člankov sdělal Lev, a on vse bazoval na russkoj transkripciji. Problem jest v tom, že ta transkripcija jest osnovana na principu, že v russkom suglasky prěd '''и''' i '''е''' sut avtomatično palatalizovane. Izgovor '''シ''' i '''チ''' zaisto zvuči bolje kako poljske {{-|'''ś'''}} i {{-|'''ć'''}} neželi kako russke '''ш''' i '''ч''', ale v medžuslovjanskom to ne rabotaje tako. Sdělal jesm tabelku s někojimi problematičnymi znakami i uvidite, že daže ukrajinsky i srbsky koristajut '''ш''' i '''ч'''. Pozrite tu (poslědnji stolp jest moje prědloženje za medžuslovjansky): {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" style="text-align:center;" ! jap. !! ang. !! čes. !! rus. !! ukr. !! srb. !! isv |- | サ || sa || sa || са || са || са || sa / са |- | シ || shi || ši || си || ші || ши || ši / ши |- | シャ || sha || ša || ся || шя || ша || ša / ша |- | タ || ta || ta || та || та || та || ta / та |- | チ || chi || či || ти || чі || чи/ћи || či / чи |- | ツ || tsu || cu || цу || цу || цу || cu / цу |- | チャ || cha || ča || тя || чя || ча/ћа || ča / ча |- | ニャ || nya || nja || ня || ня || ња || nja / ња |- | ワ || wa || wa || ва || ва || ва/уа || wa / ва |- | ザ || za || za || дза || дза || за || za / за |- | ジ || ji || dži || дзи || джі || ђи || dži / джи |- | ジャ || ja || dža || дзя || джя || ђа || dža / джа |- | ダ || da || da || да || да || да || da / да |- | ヂ || ji || (dži) || (дзи) || (джі) || ђи || dži / джи |- | ヅ || zu || (zu) || (дзу) || (дзу) || зу || zu / зу |- | ヂャ || ja || (dža) || (дзя) || (джя) || (ђа) || dža / джа |- ! colspan="7" | razširjena katakana |- | ス || su || su || су || су || су || su / су |- | スィ || si || (si) || сы || (сі) || (си) || si / си |- | テ || te || te || тэ || те || те || te / те |- | ティ || ti || (ti) || ти (ты) || ті || ти || ti / ти |} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) : Одлично табло! Але по мојему мнєнју ако измєнити za / за на dza / дза (и zu / зу на dzu / дзу) тогды је было бы фонетично идеално (не по Поливанову и не по Хепберну оногдашње). --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 18:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, jesm tako(d)že suglasny [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:05, 12 January 2026 (UTC) == Remaining issues == Dear all, since it probably won't be long now before our Interslavic Wikipedia will finally be approved, there are still a few issues to be resolved. {{Ping|Ilja isv|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} Your attention please! === Transliteration === First of all, there's the issue of transliteration, see above under [[Incubator:Krčma#Prědustavjeno pismo]]. The system used by the Serbian Wikipedia has the advantage that we can have the same article both in Latin and Cyrillic without having to resort to back-transliterations. In other words, we won't be forced to write "Džorž Buš" instead of "George Bush" in the Latin alphabet to avoid Cyrillic transliterations like "Георге Бусх". At present, transliteration is taken care of with JavaScript in [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.js MediaWiki:Common.js]. When we move to the system used by the Serbian Wikipedia (which IMO is the only sensible solution, see above), the same transliteration rules should be transferred to whatever system they use there, preferably with a few additions: '''bidirectional:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" | a || b || c || č || d || e || ě || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || lj{{FN|*)}} || m || n || nj{{FN|*)}} || o || p || r || s || š || t || u || v || y || z || ž || ä || ö || ü |- | а || б || ц || ч || д || е || є || ф || г || х || и || ј || к || л || љ || м || н || њ || о || п || р || с || ш || т || у || в || ы || з || ж || ӓ || ӧ || ӱ |} '''unidirectional Lat &rarr; Cyr:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | á || å || a || ć || ď || đ || ė || è || é || ę || í || ľ || ĺ || ł || ń || ň || ȯ || ò || ó || qu || ŕ || ř || ś || ť || ú ||ų || ů || w || x || ý || ź || ż |- ! to | а || а || а || ч || д || дж || е || е || е || e || и || л || л || л || н || н || о || о || о || kv || р || р || с || т || у || у || у || в || кс || ы || з || ж |} '''unidirectional Cyr &rarr; Lat:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | ґ || ѓ || ђ || ѣ || ё || ѕ || і || ї || й || ќ || ћ || ў || џ || щ || ъ || ь || э || ю || я |- ! to | g || dž || dž || ě || jo || dz || i || ji || j || č || č || v || dž || šč || — || — || e || ju || ja |} {{FNBox|Note: {{FNZ|*)|I don't know if there is a way to distinguish between Љ (LJ) and Љ (Lj), but since fully capitalized text is rare, I guess Љ &rarr; Lj and Њ &rarr; Nj will do.}} }} === Alphabetical order === Another thing is the alphabetical ordering of articles in, for example, categories. The current situation is that Cyrillic letters absent in Russian – like Є, Њ and Ј – come before А. It is necessary that the right alphabetical order is followed, which preferably should also include letters not used in Interslavic but used in other Slavic languages, as they may appear in categories as well: '''Latin:'''<br /> <big>'''a''' á ä ą å '''b c''' ć '''č d''' ď '''e''' é è ė ę '''ě f g h i''' í '''j k l''' ł ľ ĺ '''lj m n''' ń ň '''nj o''' ò ó ȯ '''p''' q '''r''' ŕ ř '''s''' ś '''š t''' ť '''u''' ú ů ų '''v''' w x '''y''' ý '''z''' ź '''ž''' ż</big> '''Cyrillic:'''<br /> <big>'''а б в г''' ґ '''д''' ђ ѓ '''е''' ё '''є''' ѣ '''ж з''' ѕ '''и''' й і ї '''ј к л љ м н њ о п р с т''' ћ ќ '''у''' ў '''ф х ц ч''' џ '''ш''' щ '''ы''' э ю я</big> === Dates === * The standard format for dates is: <code>dd.mm.yyyy</code> * In dates, month names should always be in the genitive case. Although these genitives are defined on translatewiki.net, that doesn't seem to work in the Recent changes, Watchlist etc. === Numbers === When a number is followed by a noun, the corresponding case differs: * 1: nominative singular (1 dom) * 2–4: nominative plural (2 domy) * 0 and 5–19: genitive plural (5 domov) * all higher numbers ending with 1: nominative singular (101 dom) * all higher numbers ending with 2–4: nominative plural (102 domy) * all higher numbers ending with 0 or 5–9: genitive plural (100 domov, 105 domov) === Namespaces === {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! colspan="2" | Namespace || colspan="2" | Talk |- ! English || Interslavic || English || Interslavic |- | (main) || (glavny) || Talk || Besěda |- | User || Koristnik || User talk || Besěda koristnika |- | Wikipedia || Vikipedija || Wikipedia talk || Besěda vikipedije |- | File || Fajl || File talk || Besěda fajla |- | MediaWiki || MediaWiki || MediaWiki || Besěda MediaWiki |- | Template || Šablon || Template talk || Besěda šablona |- | Help || Pomoč || Help talk || Besěda pomoči |- | Category || Kategorija || Category talk || Besěda kategorije |- | Portal || Portal || Portal talk || Besěda portala |- | Module || Modul || Module talk || Besěda modula |- | Gadget || Gadžet || Gadget talk || Besěda gadžeta |} I hope I haven't forgotten anything! === The code ISV === * In interwiki links, the language should appear as: <code>Medžuslovjansky / меджусловјанскы</code> * The English name of the language is "Interslavic". * There still appear to be issues with the language code <code>isv</code>. In Babel boxes, for example, <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> work, but <code>isv</code> does not. * I guess using <code>isv</code> shoud have a fallback sequence to <code>isv-Latn</code>, as [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] suggested. === Transliteration once more === ''Theoretically'' it will be possible to add unidirectional solutions to additional writing systems, like Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. Personally, I am not in favour of such a solution though. That's pretty much all I can think of. Comments? Suggestions? Opinions? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:51, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Finally! That is some great news. :All the points touched here make sense to me. :I am also against additional transliteration to either Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. It would add more confusion IMO. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:07, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :jesm popravil tabelu Namespaces [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:09, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::O, hvala za popravku, to je byla moja glupost! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:39, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi Jan, :Many thanks for this communication. :My idea of selective automatic both-way transliteration is as follows.<br />Now we have a template to block transliteration for a piece of text :<pre>{{-|text not to be transliterated}}</pre> :all it does only adding HTML tag :<pre>&lt;span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"&gt;text not to be transliterated&lt;/span&gt;</pre> :that is analized by transliteration gadget that ignores the text between tag borders. This tag can be also used "manually" when use of template is not possible due to wikitext syntax (e.g. text of hyperlink etc.), so we have more or less two tools to control transliteration now. :I would propose to add one more template for selective transliteration, for example :<pre>{{LatCyr|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan Fransua|1}}</pre> :where:<br/> :''Jean-François'' - (obligatory parameter) text in original language in Latin script (name)<br/> :''Жан-Франсуа'' - (obligatory parameter) text in cyrillic (phonetical transliteration)<br/> :''Žan Fransua'' - (optional) phonetic latin<br/> :''1'' - (optional) when this is present, the name appears first time on the article and it could be displayed with phonetic latin in parentheses (could be useful when uncommon languages for the reader are used). :This template could work same way adding HTML class tags (these need to be created for original latin, cyrillic and phonetic latin). The translit script could be modified so it sees the tags and modifies text as per current isv graphic selection setting. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Examples |- ! Parameters !! lat/cyr !! Renders as |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа (Jean-François) |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || lat || Jean-François (Žan-Fransua) |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |lat |Jean-François |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |cyr |Жан-Франсуа |- |<nowiki>Györ|Дьёр|Ďjor|1</nowiki> |lat |Györ (Ďjor) |} :Would this proposal be of interest? :It would still require somepone to program the gadget and admin rights to place it on the wiki section. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:21, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Yes, this certainly makes sense. The language converter can easily be embedded in the current <tt><nowiki>{{-|...}}</nowiki></tt> template. Normally the language converter would expect something like:<br /><tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl:Жан-Франсуа }-</nowiki></tt>.<br />The remaining two fields can easily be handled in the template itself, I think. But on the other hand, the same functionality can also be achieved simply by using the same template twice: <tt><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}} {{-|(izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|(fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki></tt> If that's the case, then parameters 3 and 4 wouldn't even be necessary. One thing I'm not entirely sure about myself, is what happens when you open a page ''before'' picking an orthography. At that moment the system doesn't know whether the page is in Latin or in Cyrillic orthography. I *think* this is done by adding a third parameter: <tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl: Жан-Франсуа; isv: Jean-François }-</nowiki></tt> Anyway, the advantage of all this is that we won't immediately have to change all pages where it is used. In many cases the template is used for expressions that shouldn't be transliterated at all, like "{{-|Microsoft}}". Those cases won't be affected by the change at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 11:01, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan, yes, this could be the way to go. Still need some time to understand better the way the gadget works but would like to start trying soonest. Cheers, [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:53, 12 February 2026 (UTC) === Script === {{-|''(added a header for clarity)''}} :So, today is a great day as I tried first time the vibe-codng with Google AI mode to modify transliteration script. :My proposal is to use 3 classes that will be added by template (or manually) to mark 3 options of text. :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Latn">Jean-François</span></pre> :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Cyrl">Жан-Франсуа</span></pre> :<pre><span class="alphabet-isv">Žan-Fransua</span></pre> :Depending on user alphabet setting, only one of the three will be displayed.<br/> :Herewith the code that needs to be added to the script, in the very beginning, after description remark (starting line 9). :<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript" line="1" start="9"> /** This part is added by [[Koristnik:Ilja_isv]], vibe-coded with Google AI /** Sorry code is removed since it did not work in the end </syntaxhighlight> :@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], may I ask you to add this code to Common.js so we could test? It takes admin rights to modify the javascript. I can send the complete modified script file if this is easier, I have a backup of original Common.js for the case of failure and the tags for testing entered in the sandbox. Thanking you in advance for help, hope it will work. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::Unfortunately, being a test admin I do not have the rights to edit Common.js (I actually tried a while back, to no avail). Perhaps [[Koristnik:Iohanen]] can be of help here? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you Jan, will contact. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:19, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Jan, one more idea: we can also test changes at old Miraheze space, the gadget script is identical. Do you have admin rights there or do you know the admin? I do not even have a login. The script file there is called Gadget-alphabet.js: :::https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-alphabet.js :::Just someone will also need to make a test page with tags to see how it works. :::Many thanks. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Yes, I can modify the alphabet gadget on Miraheze. What exactly do you want me to do? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:21, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Hvala Jane, myslím, zajutra večer budu odpovědati, prěd tym uže ne budu iměti čas. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::I had a reply from Iohanen, hvala za kontakt, it is: ::::::https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Iohanen?markasread=2792850&markasreadwiki=incubatorwiki#c-Iohanen-20260224173800-Ilja_isv-20260224114000 ::::::Will follow up in 1-2 days [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 05:35, 25 February 2026 (UTC) :::::No need to do anything, thanks to Iohanen, we have now a workable and tested script. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:38, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :::I have modified the '''- '''template, it can have 2 parameters now. If there is only one parameter, this text will be excluded from transliteration. If there is a second parameter present, first parameter is considered Latin, second is considered Cyrilic. When we install updated gadget script, either one or the other will be displayed, depending on language setting. Default is Latin (if Lat./Cyr is a choice or no choice made yet). {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <pre>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</pre>|| <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> || <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</pre> || <pre>Jean-François</pre> || <pre>Жан-Франсуа</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</pre> || <pre>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</pre> || <pre>Джо Байден</pre> |} :::As we already have a perfectly working script (great thanks to [[Koristnik:Iohanen]]), I will ask administrators to install it and we have the problem solved. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:45, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:51, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi All, ::::Good news: the script and new templates are implemented and work. I will publish a tutorial shortest possible. Congratulations to all participants 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:27, 28 February 2026 (UTC) ::::<s>Bad news: does not work in the mobile version, both Cyrillic and Latin are displayed, which was not like that during tests.</s> <s>Next point to address.</s> Done, all works now. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:29, 28 February 2026 (UTC) === Approval === {{-|''(moving this to a separate section to avoid cluttering)''}} Where did you get the information that Wp/isv is about to be approved? On the discussion page, the Language Committee members are ignoring it again, but as soon as someone posted about another project, it immediately received a response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-98653-7|&#126;2026-98653-7]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-98653-7|talk]]) 21:08, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :I've been discussing the issue of the script converter with a member of the Language Committee, that's way. I know they could have approved our project already a year ago, but there's not much point in mulling over that now. I suggest we simply keep working on this wiki, approval will come by itself. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:37, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :: What kind of stories are you telling us? How many times has this happened? People are wasting their precious time on this instead of something more useful. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10102-52|&#126;2026-10102-52]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10102-52|talk]]) 13:57, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::LOL, login under your real name. Why are you even here? :::If you're feeling that you are wasting your time here, you know where the door is, right? I strongly encourage you to go and do something more useful. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 14:03, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Can't say I disagree. Negativity won't get us anywhere, that's for sure. Ultimately, we'll get there, and all the work we are doing here will soon end up in a real Interslavic wikipedia anyway, so it's definitely not a waste of time. And, if I may say so, complaining is a much bigger waste of time than actually contributing. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:45, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::: Look. It's a dead project; it only has four active users. Part of that is your fault, after all, you kept telling everyone the project was about to be approved (but it never happened). And I'll disappoint you a little: activity usually declines after a domain is created. I'd advise everyone to be more accepting of criticism. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10115-37|&#126;2026-10115-37]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10115-37|talk]]) 17:58, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Listen, brave man. If you want anyone to take your “criticism” even remotely seriously, you need to log in so we can see what your stake is and what you’ve actually contributed. Until then, you’ll simply come across as a troll or a saboteur. ::::::When we need your advice, we’ll ask for it. For now, you can tone it down and keep your advice to yourself. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:52, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::: Wikimedia has a [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal%20Code%20of%20Conduct universal code of conduct]. I recommend you read it. I've been following this project for several years, sometimes making anonymous edits. And I have the right not to register as long as Wikimedia Foundation projects allow this option. Your requests are rejected. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10259-25|&#126;2026-10259-25]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10259-25|talk]]) 20:07, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Too many recommendations for anonymous "editor", buddy. You're dismissed and free to go. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 21:36, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::All emotions aside, I don’t really understand your frustration about the situation or your negativity toward Jan. I’m pretty sure Jan was simply passing on to the community what he himself had been told. ::::::::I don’t think anyone involved in this project expects it to suddenly become hugely popular. For me, it’s about steady work and gradually onboarding new learners of Interslavic. ::::::::Personally, everything I write here — and everything I do in life — I do primarily for myself. I don’t expect large audiences or dramatic results. If you feel like you’ve wasted your time because you were expecting something bigger, maybe the issue isn’t the project itself but the expectations attached to it. ::::::::If exposure and visibility are what you’re looking for, there are platforms built exactly for that. Like TikTok for example. But this project has always been about consistent effort and long-term development, not instant recognition. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:31, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::And if you truly have such deep knowledge of the future and already know how everything is going to turn out, maybe you should try day trading. With that kind of foresight, you’d probably make millions — and then all the time you think you “wasted” on our small project would fade away like a bad dream. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:34, 15 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::That's right. Perhaps I've been premature with my assumptions, but they were not entirely without reason. First of all, we already met all the necessary requirements by October 2024 (five editors contributing regularly during a period of a few months + translated interface), and secondly, in January 2025 a member of the Language Committee confirmed that the project was ready for approval. Honestly, I have no idea why that still hasn't happened, and believe me, nobody feels more frustrated about this sluggishness than me. At first, I thought it was because of the label "constructed language", but given the fact that a wikipedia in Toki Pona was approved – even though it it's not even an auxiliary language and even though it wasn't even in the Incubator – that's can't really be the reason. And yes, of course I am disappointed that some active contributors haven't shown up for a long time. Neither do I understand why [[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] requested Interslavic Wikipedia on Meta and started this wiki on the Incubator, since he never contributed anything of substance afterwards. Still, no matter what, the best we can do is simply carry on. Showing that we *can* do it is precisely what the Incubator is meant for. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:01, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::And anonymous, you call this a dead project, but at the same time you noted yourself that other projects with less users and less content are being approved, so apparently it's not *that* dead after all. You say that we should be more accepting of criticism, but the point of criticism is to improve something, not to frustrate it. If you have ideas about how to improve this project, we are all ears, and if you care about this project, you are more than welcome to contribute. But if you don't, then I don't quite understand why you bother making these comments at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:03, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: I don't remember saying this, but I would have said the same thing. You need to clearly define your goal and determine whether it's achievable. If not, then move on to other goals. Here, it's like knocking on a closed gate. Sometimes they say something or wink, but the gate remains closed. I have ideas, but first you need to stop knocking on closed gates. It's really sad. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10286-28|&#126;2026-10286-28]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10286-28|talk]]) 11:38, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::I don't think it's like knocking on a closed gate. Look what happened with our ISO code. Our first two requests were rejected for stupid reasons and the third request took almost five years to be validated: first because they simply forgot about it, and then because it was stalled because they were reformulating their policies. It seems like they didn't quite know what do to with Interslavic, for example, whether they should qualify it as natural or a constructed language. So yes, I am kind of having a ''déjà-vu'' here. And again, I don't why it is taking them so long. The language itself shouldn't be the problem anymore, since its eligibility was established already in October 2024. My best guess is simply that the majority of the LangCom members are barely active, and that the remaining members are hesitant because of the extra work that needs to be done with regard to script conversion and the like. But ultimately ''upornost se izplati''. And anyway, it's not like we have an alternative here. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:37, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: There are alternatives. In fact, with the development of AI, Wikipedia's role is gradually diminishing. Just look at the statistics: activity is declining in many editions (for example, in Russian, but the situation is no better in other Slavic editions). The situation is only good in languages ​​with a large number of native speakers (English, Spanish, French). This project will ultimately be edited by a relatively small group of enthusiasts. If the project is for enthusiasts, work can be done anywhere (on other wiki projects, etc.) whithout frustration. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 14:26, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::The relationship between Wikipedia and AI is a problem in itself, but there's not much point in speculation about the future. Besides, following your logic, we might as well close all Wikipedias except the English one. You are right about one thing: if the Interslavic Wikipedia were purely intended for enthusiasts of Interslavic, Miraheze or whatever other wikifarm might do. But that's not the point. This wiki should serve as an additional source of information for Slavic speakers. The reason we need a separate Wikipedia project is that people can find it, for example via interwiki links. As long as it is stored here or in some wikifarm, nobody will be able to find it. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:05, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::: This isn't quite the correct continuation of my logic: sections don't need to be closed, but activity will gradually decline. They will remain as encyclopedias, but will be preserved (AI will take information from there for itself). As for whether people will be able to find this project through interwiki, that's doubtful; interwiki is badly presented in the current Wikipedia skin. It's easy to search there if you know exactly which language you need. But it's possible that some people will still find this project through interwiki. As a source of information, people prefer to read in their native language. What you said could have been expected 10-20 years ago. If they can't find information in their language, they'll translate it from the language in which it exists (most likely, English). The quality of translation in online translators is much better now. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 09:09, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::Good news. A thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia" has appeared on the Langcom Mailing List. I hope we get a positive response soon. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-17126-63|&#126;2026-17126-63]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-17126-63|talk]]) 20:12, 18 March 2026 (UTC) :::I'm really starting to get the impression that langcom is deliberately ignoring wp/isv. Jon Harald Søby created a thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia," but it received no response, either positive or negative. However, another thread appeared there and received an almost immediate response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18779-70|&#126;2026-18779-70]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18779-70|talk]]) 11:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::: That's true. But in reality, there are plenty of such threads. Someone wants approval, no one responds, or no one responds positively, and approval is delayed. Don't count on approval soon; it will be several years away. I especially don't recommend relying on the nearly dead Langcom.--[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18633-18|&#126;2026-18633-18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18633-18|talk]]) 11:30, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Years? Is it really that bad? What's the point of writing anything here if there will never be approval? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18861-96|&#126;2026-18861-96]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18861-96|talk]]) 13:56, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::: Honestly, I don't know why they're doing this. It's been clear many times that Langcom doesn't want to approve this project and will delay approval as long as possible. Sooner or later, this leads to burnout (maybe Langcom is counting on it). Note that Langcom hasn't offered any apologies or justifications, as if this is a normal situation. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18833-94|&#126;2026-18833-94]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18833-94|talk]]) 15:57, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ura! Sračky 😂 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 21:35, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Very good news! Other members of the language committee have responded, and it's safe to say that Interslavic Wikipedia is practically approved. All that's left is to leave a notification about the proposal being approved, and now all that's left is to create isv.wikipedia.org. Finally, it's isv's turn. Thank you for continuing to create articles and staying active. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31741-38|&#126;2026-31741-38]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-31741-38|talk]]) 03:13, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == Wiktionary == ''(moving this to a separate item to avoid cluttering)'' When we receive approval, will it automatically give us the option to create a Wiktionary for Interslavic, or do we need to apply for that separately? I already have some ideas and plans for it. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 15:45, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Setting up a separate Wiktionary would require a separate application process on [[m:Requests for new languages|Meta]]. Approval will probably come easier if Interslavic already has its own Wikipedia, though. Theoretically, you could also start creating a Wiktionary in the Incubator, here: [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/isv Wt/isv]. Yet I am wondering: what would be the point of a Wiktionary for Interslavic? We already have our multilingual dictionary at https://interslavic-dictionary.com/, and there's the same dictionary at http://steen.free.fr/interslavic/dynamic_dictionary.html. Keeping those two in line with each other is already quite a lot of work. Wouldn't it be better to keep all our eggs in one basket, instead of having even more dictionaries around? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:42, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::Well, in reality, I'm just experimenting. ::In theory, there is an automated or at least semi-automated way to add articles to Wiktionary straight from the dictionary database, so the labor part should not be that difficult. ::What I did is I've created a fork of the dictionary that is using the same database and did slight improvements to it's UI, so now you can compare multiple words at the same screen and you can also look up the Wiktionary article straight from the interface, just by pressing the hyperlink. Creating Interslavic Wiktionary obviously would allow me to add the links to Interslavic Wiktionary. ::Wiktionary by definition is something that anyone can edit, so: ::# People would add new words more easily (Yes, there is a problem with verifying if those words are good or not, but in general it would give more power to the community vs. now, when suggesting something to Interslavic dictionary seems more like a bureaucratic process rather than a community contribution). ::# People could modify articles about the words in Interslavic and add contexts, translations to their natural languages, usage examples, etc. (Think of https://context.reverso.net/) ::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:04, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::I've also revived the Slovnik Bot in Telegram and modified it a little bit, so it's also showing links to Wiktionary articles in corresponding languages. :::In theory, if people will add the use cases in Interslavic, this bot would be able to spit it out to users in Telegram. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::The slovnik fork is available here :::https://interslavic.forum/slovnik/ :::I'm still working on it, but it's pretty much done for now. :::It allows you to compare up to 4 words on the same screen and look up the Wiktionary articles for corresponding language. :::This is just something I'm constantly using in writing texts. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:10, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::In general, I'm just trying to integrate the existing infrastructure of Interslavic with what Wikipedia offers. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Well, I can certainly see the potential advantages of a Wiktionary. It could, for example, help in translating the dictionary into other languages. The thing is only that the official Interslavic dictionary is being worked on by a whole team of people. Errors are being corrected, new words are being added, and sometimes existing words are being replaced or simply kicked out. The problem with forked dictionaries is that sooner or later they will be obsolete. Besides, we can't have people adding stuff that hasn't been properly researched. That's why I am a bit hesitant here. But if you really want to try it, I cannot stop you, of course. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:50, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :This is a UI fork, mostly visual difference and additional features. It's connected to the same google document just as official dictionary. The only difference for now is that I've fixed individual declensions for some words (jejin, obědvě) (also I've committed the changes to official dictionary, it's just a matter for someone to approve the changes). :I'm not trying to create my own dictionary, but I'd like the work to go faster and I'd like to have a more participatory mechanism for the community. :Wiktionary would be a part of this mechanism. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:28, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Okay, we can of course give it a try. And like I said, I can surely see quite a few advantages of the idea. My only concern is, who is going to manage all this? Starting it in the Incubator is possible for sure, but if it's going to be a one-man show, it will probably stay there forever. Personally, I'd much rather we concentrate on Wikipedia now, which is already more than enough work. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:07, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::I'll try to see how far I can go with it. If I fail, I fail, no biggie. I promise I will keep writing here on Wiki :) [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:16, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I also do see potential in empowering people. When we know that our voice matters and we can affect something, it is in itself a very inspiring thing. I may be too naive and idealistic tho. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:21, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::[[Wt/isv/Main Page]] :::I've created the Main Page and in process of importing the words from the dictionary. :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], I was thinking translating some of your materials from English to Interslavic on word formation, voting machine, etc to create Help page, can I have your permission? :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] @[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] @[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] @[[Koristnik:Danvintius Bookix|Danvintius Bookix]] @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]] @[[Koristnik:Medžuslovjanin|Medžuslovjanin]] @[[Koristnik:Ferpaks|Ferpaks]] @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] @[[Koristnik:Aula Orion|Aula Orion]] @[[Koristnik:Panslav|Panslav]] @[[Koristnik:Orbitminis|Orbitminis]] @[[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] @[[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] @[[Koristnik:Plameniled|Plameniled]] @[[Koristnik:Miłosz Czaniecki|Miłosz Czaniecki]] @[[Koristnik:Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров]] @[[Koristnik:Qiorly|Qiorly]] @[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] @[[Koristnik:SzymonV|SzymonV]] @[[Koristnik:Asank neo|Asank neo]] @[[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] @[[Koristnik:Machine of goodness|Machine of goodness]] @[[Koristnik:Snovid|Snovid]] :::If anyone has any suggestions, I'd love to hear it. :::So far my plan is the followinɡː :::[[Wt/isv/Vikislovnik:Propozicija měseca#Dorabotati Vikislovnik]] [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 01:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi GlěbDyndar, I can see the Wiktionary already on the incubator, and found a nice side-effect for Wikipedia incubator: when editing in Visual mode, selecting a noun in Nominative or a verb in infinitive, and pressing Ctrl-K (to insert hyperlink) it also shows possible links to the Wiktonary, so this option could be used for spell checking 😎 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 13:40, 19 March 2026 (UTC) :::::That would be awesome! Having something to check spelling against is beneficial for the wiki. Yes, there is an official Interslavic Dictionary available, but it's not really built into Wikipedia, it would be really interesting to see it imported into the Wiktionary in its full extent and interconnected with the Wikipedia for spellcheck. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|contribs]]) 14:19, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: First of all, it's not that it takes up a lot of memory. Wiki projects use templates. A volunteer user who might want to edit Wiktionary doesn't need to know HTML and CSS. Learn to create templates first. The original wiki code, consisting almost entirely of HTML and CSS, is what we had in the past. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 16:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Да говно эти шаблоны, в эпоху ИИ от них толку мало, ебешься три года ради того, что ИИ напишет за секунду. А потом если нужно какую строчку добавить или убавить в карточке, снова нужно лезть в этот шаблон и выяснять что там к чему. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::все новое - это хорошо забытое старое) :::::::::Шаблоны были сделаны, чтоб облегчить жизнь тем, кто не может кодить. Сейчас кодить может каждый, соответственно шаблоны летят мимо. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:10, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: Whether it's good or bad, that's the way things are done in Wikimedia projects. So, don't blame anyone else. You can easily create your own beautiful wiki project without templates in the AI ​​era. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 10:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Да не переживай ты так, учитель) Разберусь, что мне делать. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 16:24, 15 May 2026 (UTC) == Sravniti vs. sravnjati vs. sravnivati == slovnik ima 'sravnjati' kak imperfect, ale iz mojego pogleda, bylo by razumněje pisati "sravnivati", ibo priblizno vse jezyky imajut dodatny slog v tutom slovu v imperfektu "sravnjati" za mene imaje smysl "uravnjati", "sdělati jednakovym", na angl. ''to level'' čto myslite? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Nu znaješ, "sravnjati" prosto jest regularno stvorjena nesovršena forma sovršenogo glagola "sravniti". V dolgoj historiji medžuslovjanskogo jezyka vsegda jesmo usilovali, že jezyk jest kako možno regularny. Zato ''-ati > -yvati'', a ''-iti > -jati''. Očevidno, byli by takože druge možnosti, napr. ''-ati > -avati'' iili ''-iti > -ivati''. Ale my jesmo izbrali te formy, ktore sut najbolje razprostranjene po slovjanskyh jezykah. Poněkogda te druge formy na indivualnoj osnově daže mogut byti lěpše, ale ne hočemo vvesti v jezyk veče neregularnostij, neželi sut potrěbne. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:01, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, Jane, ja dobro razuměm i pametam vaše pojasnjenje o logikě impf.-pf. glagolov v MS, ale čto ako li poněkogda stvorjajemo falšivyh prijateljev v ugodu regulardnosti? (rus. сравнять, čes. srovnat, pol. zrównać) ::Dodatno, regularnost v MS v tutom osobnom slučaju (iz moejgo pogleda) ide protiv naturalističnosti, ibo vse naturalne jezyky prědavajut semantiku "to be comparing" inym slovom. ::Russky срав'''ни'''вать, сопоставлять ::Bělorussky параўноўваць, зраў'''ноў'''ваць, супастаўляць ::Ukrajinsky порів'''ню'''вати, зіставляти, зрівнювати ::Poljsky porów'''ny'''wać ::Češsky srov'''ná'''vat, porov'''ná'''vat ::Slovačsky porov'''ná'''vať, zrov'''ná'''vať ::Hrvatsky srav'''nji'''vati, upoređivati ::Srbsky срав'''њи'''вати, упоређавати ::Makedonsky сравнува, споредува ::Bulgarsky срав'''ня'''вам ::"Sravnjati s zemjeju" — "Compare with Earth?" or "Level it to the ground"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:43, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Aha, razuměju. Da da, takom slučaju može lěpje bude ''sravnyvati'' (nesov.) i ''sravnati'' (sov.), a takože ''sravnanje'' zaměsto ''sravnjenje'' «comparison”, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:57, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Moje prědloženje": :::for the verb ''to compare: sravniti / sravnivati,'' ibo to odpovědaje logikě naturalnyh jezykov. :::for the verb ''to even, to level'' we already have ''poravniti'' (curiously, it's not ''por'''o'''vniti'', which would follow the logic you're explaining) :::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:13, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::''sravnjati'' možemo ostaviti, ale jedino v smyslu ''to even, to level'' [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:22, 14 February 2026 (UTC) == Websajt s katalogom i statistikoju == <nowiki>https://medzuslovjansky.onl/</nowiki> jesm stvoril maly websajt s vyše vizualnym kalalogom stranic i statistikoju može byti koristany kak onlajn biblioteka stvoril jego da by može byti takym obrazom uprostiti dostup obyčnyh ljudij do Viki i malost zainteresovati v napisanju člankov prošu, pišite vaši propozicije i myslji [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 17:32, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :myslju oddělno sdělati filtr za kategorij s prověrjenym pravopisom i dobry članok, da by možno bylo legko najdti teksty s dobrym MSom [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:11, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, to bylo by interesno. Myslju, že kategorija s prověrjenym pravopisom ne jest mnogo upotrěbima, ale može [[Incubator:Spisok najdolžejših stranic|tutoj spisok najdolžejših ćlankov]] jest? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::Už sdělal oddělny filtr, koj polazyvaje jedino članky so zvězdoju i s prověrjenym pravopisom. Myslju, to ne byla zla ideja i ja budu probovati dodavati toj šablon, kogda čitaju članky. :::Vo vkladke statistika možno odfiltrovati članky po dolžině, ale može byti sdělati oddělnu jarku vkladku "Najdolžejše članky"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:19, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, myslju, že to jest dobry pomysl. Mimohodom, može mogli byhmo uže dodati do dobryh člankov. Srěd mojih člankov, myslju, že napriklad [[Abhazsky alfabet]], [[Džok (pes)]] i [[Ҕ]] kvalifikujut se, ibo sut mnogo obširnějše, než jihne ekvivalenty na drugyh jezykah. Imajete li prědloženja? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::A nas budut prověrjati na odpovědnost kriterijam dobryh člankov? Ibo imajemo množstvo člankov vyše 10kb, koje libo už sut dost dobre (ale može byti ne sut take dobre, kak jihne analogy v inyh jezykah, ili prinajmenje v něktoryh), ale sut kratše, než v inyh jezykah. :::::I takože imajemo množstvo člankov menše než 10kb, ale koje takože sut mnogo dobre. :::::Večinstvo (ili vse) članky o kiriličnyh bukvah sut dobre na moj pogled, ale ne imajut trěbujemogo razměra. :::::@[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] napisal několiko dobryh člankov, ale on prosil prověriti pravopis za njim i ja byh dodal v jegove članky malost obrazov ili medija materialov, že by jih nemnogo oživiti (imajut prěmnogo teksta bez ničego vizualnogo) :::::@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] takože napisal dostatočno dobryh člankov [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:27, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Da da, jesm suglasny. Teoretično ne imajemo izrazne kriterije, toliko, že dobry članok trěbuje iměti někoju kritičnu masu. Granica 10K bajtov byla ustanovjena libovoljno, kogda na medžuviki iměli jesmo 20 člankov >10K, ale tutčas imajemo jih ok. 140. Dolgy ne avtomatično znači lěpši. Po mojemu mněnju, da by članok kvalifikoval se za uměščenje na glavnoj stranici: ::::::* jest bolje-menje kompletny o obgovarjaje vse aspekty (napr. članok o državě ne jest kompletny, ako nemaje ničego o ekonomikě, prirodě i t.d.). ::::::* imaje pravilny i prověrjeny pravopis ::::::* jest osnovany na prověrjenyh izvorah (znači, ne slěpo kopirovanyh iz drugyh viki) ::::::* ne jest toliko prěvod članka iz drugoj viki ::::::* kako možno, sodrživaje obrazky ::::::* kako možno, jest lěpši od ekvivalentah na drugyh slovjanskyh jezykah ::::::* prědmet ne jest prěmnogo niševy. ::::::Kromě togo, dobro by bylo, ako jest raznorodnost medžu člankami na glavnoj stranici. Tutčas imajemo ok. 20 dobryh člankov. Glupo bylo by, ako srěd njih byli 3 kirilične bukvy, ili 3 ukrajinski politiki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:51, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Dodati linky na spoločnosti v Dicord i TG na glavnoj stranici v menju == Tutčas poglednul i uviděl, že bulgarska vikipedija ima linky do spoločnostij v discord i tg na glavnoj stranici v menju, v lěvoj jegovoj česti. Može byti, my takože budemo dodati? https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:29, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :Ne znaju, imaje li smysl popularizovati toj Diskord, on ne imaje ničto občo s Viki projektom, i Jan tam ne jest. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:16, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Nove možnosti translliteracije - sdělano == Blagodare dobrym ljudam, pomagavšim izměniti skript, pojavili se nove možnosti transliteracije.<br/>Šablon '''-''' dostavaje novu funkciju: <br/>Tuty šablon upravjaje transliteracijeju, izključaje ju za fragment teksta (kogda koristaje se s jednym parametrom), ili pokazyvaje razny tekst za latinicu i kirilicu (variant s dvoma parametrami).<br/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</nowiki></code>|| <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Jean-François</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Жан-Франсуа</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Джо Байден</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu {{-|Roundhay|Раундхеј}}» (1888) {{-|[[Louis Le Prince|{{-|Louis Le Prince'a}}]]|[[Louis Le Prince|Луи ле Пранса ({{-|Louis Le Prince)}}]]}} — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu Roundhay» (1888) Louis Le Prince'a — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Сцена в саду Раундхеј» (1888) Луи ле Пранса (Louis Le Prince) — најраннєјши известны филм в хисторији.</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>V Providence’u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>В Провиденсу</nowiki></code> |} <br /> <s>Čto ješče ne rabotaje: v mobilnoj versiji bude vsegda pokazyvati i latiničny i kiriličny varianty. Na rěšenju rabotajemo.</s> Vsečto uže rabotaje! [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:15, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Odlično! Nu izvini, ale vse vrěme ne razuměju, začto jest toj drugy šablon. Takože možno jest pisati: <nowiki>{{-|Jean-François (izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|Žan-Fransua (fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki>, i rezultat bude taky sam, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Jego sdělal Iohanen za test, rěšil ostaviti 😊 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:43, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::vot test obohdvoh šablonov na živom članku https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:48, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Mene lično dopoka nemnogo ustrašaje ta razlika medžu latiniceju i kiriliceju, ko ktoroj prihodímo. Napriklad, jesm musel v jednom slučaju sklonjati kirilicu i ne sklonjati latinicu 😢 Tako prijdemo ko dvom jezykam. Možlivo, bysmo mogli prěporučovati koristanje tutoj možnosti toliko v izključiteljnyh slučajah? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:04, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::A v kakom slučaju trěba bylo sklonjati kirilicu? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:13, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Tut byl variant ::::v Red Hook / v Ред-Хуку, ale já jesm dopoka našel izhod: ::::v apartamentu v četvrti {-|Red Hook|Ред Хук} [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:18, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::ješče v Providence / в Провиденсу [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:24, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:32, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::myslím, že rěšenjem jest vo Providensu / во Провиденсу, v Red-Huku / в Ред-Хуку. Ale, Lovecrafta/Лавкрафта, zato že ime [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:31, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:35, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::nu to jest podobno russkomu jezyku, kogda koristajut se kusky latinicy [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:37, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Točno. A tamtyh slučajah: {{-|v Providence’u, v Red Hook’u}}. Koristajuči novy možnosti, možno daže: <code><nowiki>«V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u»</nowiki></code>: «V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u». {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:40, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::nu to uże diko jest: во Провиденс-цу? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:42, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Vo Providence'u/ во Провиденсу izgledaje kompromisno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:44, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::interesno, trěba izučiti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:52, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::Gaulle на выдумки хитра (russko prislovje) ☺️ [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Vsim pozdrav, ide obnovjenje skripta, transliteracija ne bude někaky čas rabotati. Prosim izviniti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 17:47, 5 March 2026 (UTC) :Tak, vsečto jest izrěšeno, uže rabotaje i na mobilu. Mnogo děkuju adminam Vikipedije, ktore mnogo pomogli. Ura 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 19:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC) ::Vidžu! Fantastično! Hvala vsim, ktori pomogli! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:20, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Originalne <s>imena ljudij</s> i iztvorov umětnostij kako nazvy člankov == <s>Ja jesm natolkl se na toj problem, že ne věm, kako dějati lěpše... Jest članok o Johnu R. R, Tolkienu, zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano anglijskym jezykom. Trěba li takym že sposobom stvorjati i nove članky? A kako pisati vnutri članka?</s> <s>Ješče jesm ugleděl, že v poljskom jezyku imena sklanjajut se po pravilam jezyka, ale pišut se kako v originalu. Či možno li togda vnutri članka pisati, napriklad, ''... u Johna Ronalda Reuela Tolkiena...''? Ne bude li togda to mrzko izgledati v kirilici ''... у Jохна Роналда Реуела Толкиена...''? Abo trěba vnutri članka flavorizovati?..</s> P.S. Pomilujte, ja jesm slěpec, jedino tutčas uviděl jesm v vrhu to, kak to možno sdělati. Ješče jedna věč: jest članok o «Vladaru prstenjev», zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano na anglijskom jezyku («The Lord of the Rings»). Trěba li jego prěimenovati na medžuslovjansky jezyk? Myslim, že trěba, bo na vsakoj Vikipedije nazvy knig prěkladajut se na glavny jezyk Vikipedije. Cělkovito ne razuměm, kako rěšati tuto pytanje, ačekoli mně se kaže, že jego už obgovarjali, ale ja ne vidim rezultatov, pomilujte. S považenjem, [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|talk]]) 07:38, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Da, nazvanja knig jest trěba prěkladati, TLOTR in particular ☺️ Nužno jest tuty članok prěimenovati/prěměstiti, čto ne jest trudno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:21, 3 May 2026 (UTC) ::Točno, lěpje jest prěvoditi zaglavja knig, filmov i t.d., ale takože imaje byti prěnapravjenje od originalnogo zaglavja. Jesm prěimenoval TLOTR v [[Vladar prstenjev]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:14, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == Approval! == Great news! Interslavic Wikipedia will soon be approved! Committee member Jon Harald Søby posted the approval notice on the Talk Language Committee page! Finally! Let everyone know if anyone doesn't know yet, and let Jan know too! Victory! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-35104-48|&#126;2026-35104-48]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-35104-48|talk]]) 18:12, 15 June 2026 (UTC) :approved! 🎉 [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36378-17|&#126;2026-36378-17]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-36378-17|talk]]) 15:14, 23 June 2026 (UTC) : Radostno! [[Koristnik:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Таёжный лес|besěda]]) 23:48, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Administratorstvo == Dragi! Dnes nakonec naša Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija byla stvorjena. Blagoželaju nam vsim i imaju naděju, že naš projekt bude postojanno rasti! Ja jesm byl administrator v Inkubatoru, a takože vo vsih prědhodnyh versijah medžuslovjanskoj viki (od 2007 g.). Na žalost, administratorstvo ne bylo prěneseno avtomatično iz Inkubatora, zato trěba mně tu oficialno kandidatovati se na administratora. Jest několiko věčij, ktore tutčas trěba bude sdělati bystro. Napriklad, vy isto pametajete, že skoro vse stranice iz Medžuviki byli kopirovane ručno – bez jihnyh historij, čto jest narušenje avtorskyh prav – i zato ja hoču je stopiti s novějšimi versijami. Kromě togo, vsegda jest potrěbny někto, ktory odstranjaje spam, vandalizm i tako dalje. Prošu, glasujte poniže! Sut slědujuče opcije: {{-|<nowiki>{{Za}}, {{Protiv}}, {{Nevtralno}} i {{Primětka}}</nowiki>}}. Ne zabudite dodati svoj podpis (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). S srdečnym pozdravom, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:50, 24 junij 2026 (UTC) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:09, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}: Razuměje se, Jan nas dovedl tu kde jesmo, ov projekt bez jegovogo děla ne by ni egzistoval. On zakladaje se mnogo i obhodi se s pravdivymi ambicijami. Nadějem se budemo iměti uspěšny prvy god na živoj Vikipediji! :) – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 00:19, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 03:01, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} i potrěbujemo izbrati ješče 2-3 admini ili podadmini [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 06:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} Jan nas dovedl tam, kamo jesmo potrěbovali, i kako najaktivnějši člen občiny si zasluži byti administratorom. --[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:49, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}}, očevidno. Velika hvala vsim — to jest naš obči uspěh! [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 17:53, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} očevidno, Jan je tvorec medžuslovjanskogo. [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 01:05, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # Разумєје се {{Za}} [[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:FitikWasTaken|besěda]]) 13:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} prisjedinjaju se k vsemu vyše skazanomu. [[Koristnik:Noncinque|Noncinque]]([[Besěda s koristnikom:Noncinque|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (UTC+6) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Sauit|besěda]]) 01:48, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini === {{Ping|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} i ostatni, kogo jesm ne vspomnil tut, prosim nehtěl by někdo se stati vtorym i tretjim adminom, da by Jan ne tegnul vsečto sam? Prosim takože vsih glasovati, hvalim voprěd. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:23, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) 09:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :Ja ne věm, ako byh iměl na to dostatok časa, i ja o tom budu razvažiti. Ja dekuju za prědloženje. [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:57, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) ::Da, dobro bylo by iměto ješče jednogo ili dvoh adminov. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], može li ty se kandiduješ? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :::Možno, budu, ale by se htělo lěpših kandidatov. ({{-|BTW}} izčezlo "odgovoriti", to jesm ja něčto slomil?) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:21, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Ja mogu prijmati vaše prizvanje do administratorstva. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:35, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]]: Super! Togda sdělajte oddělno zaglavje, da byhmo ne komplikovali žitje administratorom na Meta. ;) {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:44, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hvala @[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], tako izdělajemo, ale htělo by ješče i někogo, kdo znaje, kako rabotaje Vikipedija lěpje, než ja ili @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i od kogo by bylo vyše koristi. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:03, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) Zdrav! Ako naša občina to želaje, mogu sebe nominovati za administratora i administratora interfejsa. Primarno se interesujem rabotati na tehničnoj infrastrukturě projekta: šablony, moduly, CSS, JS/gadžety, botovanje, i t.d. Administrativne prava dobro prihodet zaradi izčrkavanja i iziskyvanja, importovanja i prěměščanja specifičnyh stranic, iz-medžu ostalogo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:02, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :@[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]]: To bylo by odlično! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:05, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm uže administrator (interfejsa) na srbskohrvatskoj Vikipedije i bylo by mně milo prenesti něčto znalosti odonud ovamo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:11, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini - glasovanje === Kandidati na druge admini sut dva, @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] i @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]], oni ne sut konkurenti, adminami mogut byti obadva, jestli budut poddržani, prosim za ili protiv njih takože glasovati tut (ne zabezpametajte glasovati i za Jana vgorě) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ==== Vipz ==== @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo opytnogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} – ne znam dobro člověka [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 10:59, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. Věrim jegovomu slovu o znanju interfejsa — tute znanja sut nam potrěbne. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:37, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}, očevidno! Izkušeny koristnik, črěz dolge lěta byl administrator Medžuviki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:38, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:07, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... ==== Marcoorio ==== @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo motivovanogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:40, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 15:47, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:08, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 12:58, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... == Kolikost člankov na latinici i kirilici == Dragi prijatelji! Ja myslju, že oprědělenje "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju" ne odgovarja enciklopedičnosti. Prědlagaju stvoriti kategoriju, katalog po tipu Spisok člankov na latinici i na kirilici. Začto? Da by točno razuměti, koliko u nas materialov jest napisano na oboh grafikah. Poka čto u nas sut tendencije k umenšenju pisanja člankov na kirilici. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 23:10, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :A či jest li potrěbno tuto ukazanje? Imajemo translitiraciju, zatom, na moj pogled, ne jest potrěbno ukazyvati, koliko člankov sut na kirilici/latinici. Takym tvrdženjem možemo odstrašiti tyh, kto znaje kirilicu i ne znaje latinicu (ako taki sut) abo někako inako prinesti zlu myslj, ale, očevidno, ju ne imajemo. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm obratil uvagu na fakt, že v članku "Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija" jest privedena taka informacija: "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju", ale ne ima spiska člankov po kirilici i latinici. Zato jesm pomyslil, že jest enciklopedično ukazovati točnu informaciju [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:52, 26 junij 2026 (CEST). Дља статистикы буде интересно. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Kako oprěděliti, latinica ili kirilica, bot/skript musi uděliti toliko tekst iz članka i sčitati latinične i kirilične bukvy? Napriměr, jestli vyše 70% teksta sut kirilične bukvy, on jest kiriličny? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 13:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :: А сут много чланков, кде оба писма? Вообче, по мојему мнєнју то пытанје технично. Просто, интересно, направду, кака у нас тутчас статистика. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:14, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Mnogo lingvističnyh člankov imajut kirilične tablicy, priměry teksta, kako Mansijsky jezyk i td. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:19, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Ili prosto, tekst s kiriličnymi nazvami razdělov jest kiriličnym 8-) Ako li sut razděly [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:22, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Za statistiku bylo by interesno, ale ja ne myslju, že taka kategorizacija jest potrěbna. Kromě togo dodavanje i poddrživanje tyh kategorij bude mnogo raboty. Někoj čas tomu nazad jesm prosto občislil, koliko iměli jesmo člankov na kirilici i latinici na osnově zaglavij (ne včisleči mojih člankov o kiriličnyh bukvah, ktore byli napisane latiniceju). Togda to bylo okolo 1/3 kirilice i 2/3 latinice. Kako to izgledaje tutčas, ja ne znaju. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 15:56, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm napravil osnovnu prověrku: v tutom momentu, 1,072 odnosno {{round|70.993377}}% nadpisov je na latinici, a 438 odnosno {{round|29.006623}}% vsih nadpisov na kirilici. Imějuči na umu različne dolžiny člankov, {{Round|88.523968}}% vsego teksta napisano je na latinici. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 16:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jestvuje že algoritm, ktory čisli kolikost člankov pravilno? A ako prosto načeti označovati članky kategorijami "Članok napisany kiriliceju" / "Članok napisany latiniceju", tako takože možno stvoriti po priměru togo algoritma algoritm, ktory v kategorijah bude čisliti članky. Ili sčitati ručno, s pomočju kategorij. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 16:44, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Razděljenje Krčmy == Dragi kolegi, hčemo razdvojiti [[Vikipedija:Krčma]] na několiko tematičnyh odděljenij? Za početok: Pravila i směrnice; Tehnika (ili Tehnične kvestije/pytanja); Jezyk i pravopis (ili Jezyčne kvestije/pytanja); Noviny. Tak možemo razbrěmeniti centralnu stranicu Krčmy i ulegšati slědovanje diskusij kogda-libo egzistuje potrěba diskutovati mnogo prědmetov jednočasno. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 14:23, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) : Јесм согласны. Але, по мојему мнєнју новины не трєба оддєљати од централној Крчмы. Лєпје јих видєти разом на централној. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:41, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Či ne lěpje li arhivovati stare diskusije? Krčma jest velmi těžka tutčas, ale imaje byti "{{-|village pump}}", selskoju studnoju, kde obgovarjaje se vsečto [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Dalšo pytanje, imajemo v menu "Portal občiny", čto nikuda ne vede. Imaje tam býti link do Krčmy? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:32, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm arhivoval stare poslanja v Krčmě. Pozdněje hoču takože dodati starějše sodržanje Krčmy na Medžuviki do arhiva, ale tutčas to ješče ne jest možno. ::Čto se tyče razdvojenja krčmy, ja ne jesm uvěrjen, jest li to smyslno. Imajemo tu može 10–20 aktivnyh učestnikov i obyčne sut samo dva ili tri aktivne prědmety na měsec. Napriklad, v maju bylo samo 14 pravok, a v aprilju 4. Ako tu bude zaisto mnogo aktivnosti, togda možno bude pomysliti o razdvojenju, ale v medžučasu ja byh ostavil Krčmu taku, kaka ona jest. Očevidno budut avtomatične poslanja na anglijskom jezyku od fondacije Wikimedia, ktore po mojemu mněnju možno bude arhivovati do oddělnogo arhiva. ::A Portal občiny... jest li nam on potrěbny? Ja by na tom město sdělal link do Krčmy, ale k tomu bude potrěbny administrator. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:05, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:20, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Jesm mněval, tutčas jesmo oficialna Vikipedija, itak bude mnogo vyše raboty i, slědovateljno, diskusije. Kogda avtomatične, masivne poslanja budut početi, one nas budut zakopati. Brda inojezyčnyh poslanij umějut dokladati tako zvanomu '{{-|[[:en:banner blindness|banner blindness]]u}}'. Tutošnje poslanja togda budut menje primětne, čto može pobudžati deficit lokalnoj aktivnosti. Jedno rěšenje jest arhivacija, nu časom ne budemo htěti arhivovati recentne poslanja. Drugo rěšenje jest čekati, viděti i onogda rěšati. Jesm oprěděljeny za koju-nebud opciju. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 08:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Pozdrav, Jane, čto jestli prosto dati vněšni link na kavárnu Medžuviki prěd linkom na arhiv na početku stranice? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:30, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja ne mnju, že Portal občiny ima vesti na Krčmu, na češskoj Vikipediji to napriměr vede na [[:cs:Wikipedie:Portál Wikipedie|tutu stranicu]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 19:24, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::@[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]]: Da da, ja znaju, ale češska Vikipedija jest veliky projekt. Menše viki često ne imajut taky portal, ili samo někaky kratky tekst ili prěnapravjenje na [[Vikipedija:Čto Vikipedija ne jest]]. Nyně my imajemo prěmalo stranic za taky portal, ale može poprobujemo stvoriti nečto, li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:55, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm samo daval priměr. Portal občiny ne jest besěda občiny. Ale v budučnosti možemo něčto takovogo izrabotati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:49, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) == Vikidane == Pozdrav. Kako toliko na Vikidane dodadut jezyčny kod <code>isv</code>, bude trěba tutu stranicu na Vikidane [[d:Q16503|dodati]]. Možno jest, že to za nas izdělajut administratori Vikidanyh, ibo ja jesm na besědě stranice kako ne prijavjeny koristnik napisal zajavjenje o dodanje (ja jesm byl v rabotě). Jednako bude poslě potrěba priložiti takože vsake članky. Česti se mogu prijeti tako ja, ale sam ja na to ne staču. Tyseč člankov jest mnogo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:51, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Nám oběčali sut, že to sdělaje robot (možlivo) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 08:52, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Možlivo v budučnosti, kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, ale nyně ne jest možno kako by robot funkcionoval bez dodanogo koda. Itak, robot bude potrěbovati čestičnu pomoč od koristnikov, ibo ne vse bude podojdti izrabotati avtomatično. Ače, umětna inteligencija by možno mogla tako isto funkcionovati. Ale kto bude priučati umětnu inteligenciju? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:20, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Administracija Viki nam to oběčaje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Da, to jest možlivo. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm chčel se zapytati. Kako jest tuta stranica povezana s drugymi stranicami na inych jezyčnyh verzijah? To ne jest izdělano skroz Vikidane, ibo tako Vikidane ne imajut naš jezyčny kod, daže to ne jest izdělano skroz interviki, ili ja jesm to ne ugledal? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:35, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::Ja už jesm to našel. Tehničny šablon <code><nowiki>{{INTERWIKI}}</nowiki></code> iz {{š|Zaglavje krčmy}}. Kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, tuten tehničny šablon ne bude jest zapotrěbny. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:46, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Tak 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::::Hvala. Tako jest, ja jesm izrabil šablon {{š|Šablon}} (kratky link {{š|Š}}), kako isto tehničny šablon dlja ostavjanja inyh šablonov. Tuten šablon bude jest potrěba praviti dlja različenja imennyh prostorov i zablokovanja linka veduči na ne egzistujuče stranice. Tutčasna verzija jest velmi prosta. Tako jest, tuten šablon tutčasno ne uměje parametry. Tako isto, to bude potrěba dodati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:21, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :V vslědnyh dnah bude naš jezyčny kod <code>isv</code> dodany do Vikidanyh, kako jest viděti [[phab:T430419|tu na Fabrikatoru]]. Hvala adminam Fabrikatora. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 09:00, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) :The change has been merged and will be deployed on Wednesday during MediaWiki Train [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 16:33, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:45, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Velika hvala. Thank you. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:08, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Hi, it is Wednesday, where are we? Many thanks [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:55, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Nothing yet, but if there's one thing I have learned from the whole process that led to the creation of this wiki, it's patience. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:41, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 00:43, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) == Translations == Hi! Zdravo! Lately I have been translating special pages and namespaces. I noticed that an Interslavic Wikipedia was created (since I am from Ukraine myself) and I was very happy. So, I want to offer localization for this Wiki, all I need is a list of the necessary special pages and namespaces with their translation. If translation is still needed, then tag me under the list. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:31, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hi, sorry this is already done I believe. Thank you anyway 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:36, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::This about links. For example: Special:AllPages — Specialna:Vse stranice. And also translating for other non translated special pages (BlockedExternalDomains for example) [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:42, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Na tom uže někdo tuž rabotaje, ale možlivo Jan tebe odepíše [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:43, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Maybe the "Special" namespace still needs translation, and the individual links to the special pages. The view name of the pages are already translated, or should be at least. But links and the namespace itself are still in English. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) == Kako jest slovo "pěskovišče" kategorizovano? == Ja jesm pytam, či jest slovo "pěskovišče" roda mužskoho ili srědnogo? Ja jesm ne našel tuto slovo v [https://interslavic-dictionary.com/ medžuslovjanskom slovniku], ktory ja upotrěbjaju na odgovory i ine pravky. V češskom jezyku tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo, tak samo ja mnju, že tako samo tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo tako v medžuslovjanskom. Ale ja znaju, že to ne jest vsegda pravda. Napriměr, slovo "šablon" jest roda mužskogo v medžuslovjanskom jezyku, ale to samo jest roda ženskogo v češskom jezyku. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:51, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Vse imenniky na '''-o''' (poslě tvroj suglasky) i '''-e''' (poslě mekkoj suglasky) sut srědnjego roda. Slova na '''-išče''' v občem označajut město. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:12, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Tako jest slovo "město" roda srědnjego, da? Togda pěskovišče musi byti roda srědnjego kako město, da? Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 20:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :ono jest [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 20:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm zabyl, odprašaju se. Tako hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:14, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) l4qfga1ptq3t3tfb55avsczbtiikbll Kitaj 0 1162 27849 8755 2026-07-02T09:58:08Z HyBoxwood 364 [[w:zh:Template_talk:中华人民共和国国徽#編輯請求_2026-04-17_将svg替换为File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg]] 27849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka država | native_name = <center>中华人民共和国</center><br /><center>{{-|''Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó''}}</center> | conventional_long_name = Kitajska narodna republika | common_name = Kitajska narodna republika | image_flag = Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | image_coat = 中華人民共和國國徽.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | coordinates = {{Coord|39|55|N|116|23|E|type:city(21,000,000)_region:CN-BJ}} | image_map = File:CHN orthographic.svg | map_caption = Official area of the People's Republic of China shown in dark green; area claimed but [[dispute]]d shown in light green. | map_width = 220px | national_anthem = <center>[[Fajl:March of the Volunteers instrumental.ogg]]</center><br />"[[Marš dobrovoljcev]]"<br /> 义勇军进行曲 | official_languages = [[Kitajsky jezyk|Standardny kitajsky]] | regional_languages = Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Zhuang, Cantonese, English, Portuguese, Korean | religion = [[Atheism#Atheism in society|State Atheism]] | ethnic_groups = 91.51% [[Han_Chinese|Han]];<ref name="Census2010" /> 55 recognised minorities<br />{{Collapsible list|title=<small>[[List of ethnic groups in China|List of ethnic groups]]</small>|1.30% [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]]|0.86% [[Manchu people|Manchu]]|0.79% [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]]|0.79% [[Hui people|Hui]]|0.72% [[Miao people|Miao]]|0.65% [[Yi people|Yi]]|0.62% [[Tujia people|Tujia]]|0.47% [[Ethnic Mongols in China|Mongol]]|0.44% [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]]|0.26% [[Buyei]]|0.15% [[Koreans in China|Korean]]|1.05% other}} | capital = [[Pekin]] | latd = 39 | latm = 55 | latNS = N | longd = 116 | longm = 23 | longEW = E | largest_city = [[Šanhaj]]<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Chan, Kam Wing |title=Misconceptions and Complexities in the Study of China's Cities: Definitions, Statistics, and Implications |journal=[[Eurasian Geography and Economics]] |year=2007 |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=383–412 |url=http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf |accessdate=2011-08-07 |doi=10.2747/1538-7216.48.4.383 |s2cid=153676671 |archive-date=2013-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115173048/http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf |url-status=dead | issn=1538-7216 }} p. 395</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://china.usc.edu/(S(swqn0p55xbqmsu45cwso5lzy)A(IEcheuFczAEkAAAAODRlNTk2OTMtMDViMC00Yjk5LWFmZTgtODc1OTA1YWYxMDM4e9e8O7-g5_HYhuft0Huy7h2GlGg1))/ShowAverageDay.aspx?articleID=910 | title=What are China's largest and richest cities? | publisher=University of Southern California | access-date=2011-12-05 | archive-date=2013-11-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109005931/http://china.usc.edu/(S(swqn0p55xbqmsu45cwso5lzy)A(IEcheuFczAEkAAAAODRlNTk2OTMtMDViMC00Yjk5LWFmZTgtODc1OTA1YWYxMDM4e9e8O7-g5_HYhuft0Huy7h2GlGg1))/ShowAverageDay.aspx?articleID=910 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | demonym = Chinese <!-- NOTE: Describing the PRC's *GOVERNMENT TYPE* has been a contentious issue. PLEASE READ THE ARCHIVES of past discussions BEFORE MAKING/SUGGESTING CHANGES! -->| government_type = [[Unitarna država|Unitarna]] [[Socializm|socialistična]] [[jedno-partijna država]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the People's Republic of China|url=http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Constitution/2007-11/15/content_1372963.htm|publisher=The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China|date=15 November 2007|accessdate=6 August 2016|archive-date=25 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225141156/http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Constitution/2007-11/15/content_1372963.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China|CPC&nbsp;General&nbsp;Secretary]] (and [[President of China|President]]){{Efn|Although [[President of the People's Republic of China|PRC President]] is head of state, it is a largely ceremonial office with limited power under [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China|General Secretary of the CPC]].}} | leader_name1 = [[Xi Jinping]]{{Efn|[[Xi Jinping]] holds three concurrent positions: [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China]] (''de facto'' paramount leader), [[President of the People's Republic of China]] (head of state), and [[Chairman of the Central Military Commission]] (Commander-in-chief) for both state and party.}} | leader_title2 = [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier]] | leader_name2 = [[Li Qiang]] | leader_title3 = [[National People's Congress|Congress&nbsp;Chairman]] | leader_name3 = [[Zhao Leji]] | leader_title4 = [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|Conference&nbsp;Chairman]] | leader_name4 = [[Wang Huning]] | legislature = [[National People's Congress]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of China|Establishment]] | established_event1 = [[Qin Dynasty|Unification of China]] under the Qin Dynasty | established_date1 = 221&nbsp;prěd n.e. | established_event2 = [[Xinhai Revolution#Establishment of the Republic|Republic established]] | established_date2 = 1 January 1912 | established_event3 = [[Chinese Civil War|People's Republic of China proclaimed]] | established_date3 = 1 October 1949<ref name="prcfounding">{{Cite web|url=http://www.isop.ucla.edu/eas/documents/mao490921.htm|title=The Chinese people have stood up|publisher=UCLA Center for East Asian Studies|accessdate= 16 April 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218071231/http://www.international.ucla.edu/eas/documents/mao490921.htm|archivedate=18 February 2009}}</ref><ref name = "prcf2">{{Cite book| last = Peaslee| first = Amos J.| title = Constitutions of Nations: Volume I: Afghanistan to Finland| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9ATxCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA533| year = 2013| publisher = Springer| isbn = 9789401771252| page = 533 }}</ref><ref name = "prcf3">{{Cite book| last = Chaurasia| first = R.S.| title = History of Modern China| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=D2auy-nwS5IC&pg=PA1| year = 2004| publisher = Atlantic Publishers & Dist| isbn = 978-81-269-0315-3| page = 1 }}</ref> | area_footnote = &nbsp;ili <br/>9,671,018&nbsp;km² (4. město) | area_km2 = 9,640,821 | area_sq_mi = 3704427 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> | area_rank = 3. | percent_water = 2.8 (kontinent) | population_census = 1,409 billion<ref name="Census2010">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110428_402722244.htm |title=Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census |publisher=Stats.gov.cn |accessdate=2011-11-01 |archive-date=2013-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108022004/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110428_402722244.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_census_year = 2023 | population_census_rank = 2. | pop_den_footnote = | population_density_km2 = 139.6 | population_density_sq_mi = 363.3 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> | population_density_rank = 83rd | GDP_nominal = $17.96 trillion (IMF)<ref name="imf.org"/> <br>$17.96 trillion (China NBS)<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-01/21/c_137762705.htm | title = Xinhua Headlines: Chinese economy powering ahead, fulfilling 2018 targets | publisher = Xinhuanet News | accessdate = 21 January 2019 | archive-date = 23 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190123213853/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-01/21/c_137762705.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/201901/t20190121_1645832.html | title = National Economic Performance Maintained within an Appropriate Range in 2018 with Main Development Goals Achieved | publisher = National Bureau of Statistics of China | accessdate = 21 January 2019}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_rank = 2nd | GDP_nominal_year = 2019 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $12,720<ref name="imf.org"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 72nd | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP = $27.449 trillion<ref name="imf.org">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=63&pr1.y=10&c=924&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=IMF report for China |publisher=IMF |date=October 2018}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 2nd | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $21,250<ref name="imf.org"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 79rd | Gini = 46.7 | Gini_ref = <ref name="giniecon">{{Cite news |title=Income inequality: Delta blues |url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/analects/2013/01/income-inequality |newspaper=The Economist |date=23 January 2013 |accessdate=23 January 2013}}</ref> | Gini_year = 2022 | HDI_year = 2022 | HDI = 0.788 | HDI_change = decrease | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{Cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Statistics.pdf |title=2013 Human Development Index and its components – Statistics |publisher=UNDP |year=2013 |accessdate=15 March 2013 |archive-date=19 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319020106/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Statistics.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | HDI_rank = 75th | HDI_category = <span style="color:#fc0;">medium</span> | currency = [[Juanj|Ženjminjbi (juanj)]] (¥) | currency_code = CNY | time_zone = [[China Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +8 | date_format = yyyy-mm-dd <br />''or'' yyyy{{Lang|zh|年}}m{{Lang|zh|月}}d{{Lang|zh|日}} <br />([[Common Era|CE]]; [[Chinese calendar|CE-1949]]) | drives_on = right, except for Hong Kong & Macau | cctld = [[.cn|.cn]]{{Ref label |mainland|c|}} [[.中國|.中國]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://brussels38.icann.org/meetings/brussels2010/transcript-board-25jun10-en.txt |title=ICANN Board Meeting Minutes |publisher=ICANN |accessdate=25 June 2010 }}</ref> [[.中国|.中国]] | calling_code = [[+86|+86]]{{Ref label |mainland|c|}} | footnotes = a. {{Note|complex}} Simple descriptions of the [[political structure]] since the 1980s are no longer possible. b. {{Note|territory}} {{Convert|9598086|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} excludes all disputed territories.<br /> {{Convert|9640821|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} includes Chinese-administered area ([[Aksai Chin]] and [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]], both territories claimed by India), Taiwan is not included.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinadaily.net/china/2008-01/24/content_6418067.htm |title=GDP expands 11.4 percent, fastest in 13 years |publisher=Chinadaily.net |date=24 January 2008 |accessdate=15 June 2009 |archive-date=9 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709023444/http://www.chinadaily.net/china/2008-01/24/content_6418067.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> c. {{Note|mainland}} Information for mainland China only. Does not include Hong Kong, Macau, and territories under the control of the Republic of China (Taiwan). }} {{Začetok|data=May 2025}} '''Kitajska narodna republika''' ('''KNR''') ({{Jezyky|zh-hans|中华人民共和国}}, {{Jezyky|zh-hant|中華人民共和國}}) jest [[jednopartijna država]] v [[Azija|Izhodnoj Aziji]], upravjajema [[Komunistična partija Kitaja|Komunističnoju partijeju Kitaja]] (KPK). Založena 1 oktobra 1949 roka. Tutčas imaje poveče než 1.4 miliarda [[Ljudji|ljudij]] (na 2017 rok).<ref name="Census2010" /> Zajmaje teritoriju 9.6 milionov [[Kvadratny kilometr|kvadratnyh kilometrov]]. Glavnym gradom jest [[Pekin]], a [[Šanhai]] jest gradom, v ktorom žive najvyše ljudij. Zajedno s gradami [[Tjanjczynj]] i [[Čunćin]], tute četyre grada sut "[[municipalnost]]i", premo upravjajeme narodnoju vladoju. Dva drugyh grady imajut status "[[Specialny administrativny region (Kitaj)|specialnogo administrativnogo regiona]] (SAR)". Jednym jest [[Hong Kong]], ktory byl někogda kolonijeju [[Objedinjeno Kraljevstvo|Sjedinjenogo Kraljevstva]] i byl je prědany nazad Kitaju v roku 1997. Drugym jest [[Makau]], ktory [[Portugalija]] jest vratila Kitaju v 1999. Tute dva grada ostavajut vysoko [[Avtonomnost|avtonomnymi]] ili imajut mnogo svojego vlastnogo upravjenja. Dodatočno k "municipalnostam" i "SAR", KNR imaje 23 provincije i pet "[[Avtonomny region (Kitaj)|avtonomnyh regionov]]", ili regionov, imajučih vyše zakonodateljnyh prav, než provincije, i vyše ljudij od [[Narodno menšinstvo|menšinovyh skupin naseljenja]]. Takymi sut [[Sinjczjan ujgursky avtonomny region]], [[Tibetsky avtonomny region|Tibetsky (Sizan) avtonomny region]], avtonomne regiony [[Avtonomny region Guansi Čžuan|Guansi Čžuan]], [[Vnutrna Mongolija|Vnutrna Mongolija (Nej Mongol)]] i [[Avtonomny region Ninsja Huj|Ninsja Huj]]. ==Linky i referencije== {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tutoj članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka [[:simple:People's_Republic_of_China|«China»]] v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Državy v Aziji}} [[Kategorija:Kitaj| ]] [[Kategorija:Državy v Aziji]] {{INTERWIKI|Q148}} hkovitbe1t02ncw9i6geho02or77nv5 Kolumbija 0 1177 27760 8836 2026-07-01T16:26:52Z Ilja isv 10 /* */ 27760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=August 2025}} {{Kartka država | coordinates = {{Coord|4|35|N|74|4|W|type:city}} | leader_name2 = [[Francia Márquez]] | leader_name3 = [[Roy Barreras]] | leader_name4 = [[Aroldo Wilson Quiroz Monsalvo]] | conventional_long_name = Republika Kolumbija | native_name = {{Jezyky|es|República de Colombia}} | image_flag = Flag of Colombia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Colombia.svg | common_name = Kolumbija | national_motto = {{Jezyky|es|"Libertad y Orden"|italics=off|nolink=yes}} | englishmotto = {{Small|"Freedom and Order"}} | national_anthem = {{Lang|es|[[:en:National Anthem of Colombia|Himno Nacional de la República de Colombia]]}}<br /><small>("narodny himn Republiky Kolumbije")</small><div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[Fajl:United States Navy Band - ¡Oh, gloria inmarcesible!.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = COL orthographic (San Andrés and Providencia special).svg | map_caption = {{Map caption |location_color=dark green |region=[[South America]] |region_color= grey }} | image_map2 = Colombia - Location Map (2013) - COL - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Bogotá]] | largest_city = [[Bogotá]] | official_languages = [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]] | recognized_regional_languages = 68 indigenous languages{{Ref label|iboxa|a|}} | ethnic_groups = {{Vunblist | 45% [[Mestizo]] | 20% [[White people|White/Castizo]] | 20% [[Mulatto]] | 10% [[Afro-Colombian]] | 5% [[Amerindian]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2005<ref name = "grupos étnicos">{{Cite web|title= visibilización estadística de los grupos étnicos|url=http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/etnia/sys/visibilidad_estadistica_etnicos.pdf|work=Censo General 2005|publisher=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE)|accessdate=15 June 2013 }} </ref><ref name="The Society and Its Environment">{{Cite book|last1=Bushnell |first1=David |last2=Hudson |first2=Rex A. |year=2010 |title=The Society and Its Environment; Colombia: a country study |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Colombia.pdf |pages=87, 92 |publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Washington D.C.}}</ref> | demonym = [[Colombians|Colombian]] | government_type = [[Unitarna država|Unitarna]] [[Prezidentska sistema|prezidentska]] [[Konstitucija|konstitucijna]] [[republika]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Colombia|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Gustavo Petro]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Colombia|Vice President]] | leader_title3 = [[President of the Congress of Colombia|President of the Congress]] | leader_title4 = [[Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia|President of the Supreme Court]] | legislature = [[Congress of Colombia|Congress]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Colombia|Senate]] | lower_house = [[Chamber of Representatives of Colombia|Chamber of Representatives]] | established_event1 = [[Colombian Declaration of Independence|Declared]] | sovereignty_type = Independence {{Nobold|from [[Spain]]}} | established_event2 = Recognized | established_date1 = July 20, 1810 | established_event4 = {{Nowrap|[[Colombian Constitution of 1991|Current constitution]]}} | established_date2 = August 7, 1819 | established_event3 = Last unitarisation | established_date4 = July 4, 1991 | established_date3 = 1886 | area_km2 = 1,141,748 | area_rank = 25 | area_sq_mi = 440,831 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 8.8 (17) | population_estimate = 52,156,254<ref>{{Cite web|title=Proyecciones de Población DANE|access-date=28 October 2022|publisher=[[National Administrative Department of Statistics (Colombia)]]|url=https://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2018/proyecciones-de-poblacion/Nacional/anexo-proyecciones-poblacion-NacionalArea2018_2070.xlsx|archive-date=28 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028061329/https://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2018/proyecciones-de-poblacion/Nacional/anexo-proyecciones-poblacion-NacionalArea2018_2070.xlsx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 27 | population_density_km2 = 42.23 | population_density_rank = 173 | population_density_sq_mi = 105.72<!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | GDP_PPP = $791.995&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2">{{Cite web |url= https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=55&pr.y=5&sy=2019&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=233&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database: Colombia |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date= October 2018|accessdate= 15 February 2019}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2019 | GDP_PPP_rank = 31 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $15,719<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $355.163&nbsp;billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2019 | GDP_nominal_rank = 32 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,049<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 49.7 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref =<ref name="socio-economic policies">{{Cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=CO |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |accessdate= 6 April 2019}}</ref> | HDI = 0.747 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2017<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf |title=2018 Human Development Statistical Update |year=2018 |accessdate=16 September 2018 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914165751/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | HDI_rank = 90th | currency = [[Kolumbijsky peso|Peso]] | currency_code = COP | time_zone = [[:en:Time in Colombia|COT]] | utc_offset = −5 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = dd−mm−yyyy (CE) | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[+57|+57]] | cctld = [[.co|.co]] | footnote_a = {{Note|iboxa}}Although the Colombian Constitution specifies Spanish (''Castellano'') as the official language in all Colombian territory, other languages spoken in the country by ethnic groups – approximately 68 languages – each is also official in its own territory.<ref> Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title I – Concerning Fundamental Principles – Article 10)</ref> English is also official in the [[archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina]].<ref name="LEY47DE1993"> {{Cite web|url= http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=2780|title= Ley 47 de 1993|publisher= alcaldiabogota.gov.co|language= Spanish|accessdate= 23 February 2014}}</ref> | footnote_b = {{Note|iboxb}}The official Colombian time<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://horalegal.inm.gov.co/|title= The official Colombian time|publisher= horalegal.inm.gov.co|language= Spanish|accessdate= 23 February 2014|archive-date= 9 February 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140209074753/http://horalegal.inm.gov.co/|url-status= dead}}</ref> is controlled and coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/decreto_4175_2011.html|title= Decreto 4175 de 2011, artículo 6, numeral 14|publisher= Presidencia de la República de Colombia|language= Spanish|accessdate= 14 March 2016|archive-date= 15 April 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160415083653/http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/decreto_4175_2011.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> }} '''Kolumbija''', služebno '''Republika Kolumbija''', jest tropična [[ekvator]]ialna država na sěveru [[Južna Amerika|Južnoj Ameriky]]. Ona nahodi se na sěverozapadu kontinenta i imaje plošču 1,141,748 km². Ona jest jedinoju južnoamerikanskoju državoju, imajučeju kako [[Tihy okean|tihookeansko]] pribrěžje, tako i [[Karaibsko morje]]. Državy, ktore imajut kontinentalne granicy s Kolumbijeju sut: [[Venezuela]] (na izhodu), [[Brazilija]] (na jugoizhodu), [[Peru]] (na jugu), [[Ecuador|Ekvuador]] (na jugozapadu) i [[Panama]] (na zapadu). Po morju Kolumbija jmaje granicy s [[Nikaragua]], Panamoju, [[Kostarika|Kostarikoju]], [[Gvatemala|Gvatemaloju]], [[Honduras]]om, [[Jamajka|Jamajkoju]], [[Haiti]] i [[Dominikanska Republika|Dominikanskoju Republikoju]]. Vyše 51 miliona ljudij živut v Kolumbiji.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018: ¿Cuántos somos?|url=https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/censo-nacional-de-poblacion-y-vivenda-2018/cuantos-somos|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-06|website=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística – DANE|publisher=Gobierno de Colombia|language=es}}</ref> Ona jest tretja najnaselenějša država Latinskoj Ameriky poslěd [[Meksiko|Meksiky]] i [[Brazilija|Brazilije]]. Glavnym gradom Kolumbije jest [[Bogota]]. Vtorym največšim gradom jest Medeljin ([[Medeljin|{{Lang|es|Medellin}}]]), veliky promyslovy centr. Tretjim naivečšim gradom jest Kali ([[Kali (Kolumbija)|{{Lang|es|Cali}}]]), kde sut mnogo medžudržavnyh kompanij. Najvažnějšim gradom na Karibskom pribrěžju jest Barankilja ([[Barnkilja|{{Lang|es|Baranquilla}}]]). Ona takože byla prvym portom v državě. Grad Kartahena ([[Cartagena de Indias|{{Lang|es|Cartagena de Indias}}]]) Imaje veliku špansku stěnu 17-go stolětja i stary grad s 500 lět starymi budynkami. Dalšim gradom jest Bukaramanga ([[Bucaramanga|{{Lang|es|Bucaramanga}}]]), veliky grad pobliz venezuelskoj granicy, ktory jest centrom tekstiljnogo promysla Kolumbije. ==Linky i referencije== {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{-|«[[:simple:Colombia|Colombia]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colombia&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Državy v Južnoj Amerikě}} [[Kategorija:Kolumbija]] [[Kategorija:Državy v Južnoj Amerikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q739}} lthler81ly7ggvdmpg9df0p2q8ds8eu Metonimija 0 1333 27745 11011 2026-07-01T14:13:20Z Chtabs 42 27745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=2023-04}} [[Fajl:Кипение воды в чайнике.gif|thumb|212x212px|«Čajnik kipi»]] '''Metonimija''' ({{Jezyky|grc|μετωνυμίᾱ}}, izměna imene) jest vid [[trop]]a, v ktorom jedno slovo zaměnjaje se drugym slovom, ktoro znači prědmet (javjenje), i ktoro je v svezku po času i prostoru, prostranstvu s tym slovom, ktoro zaměnjaje («sala rukopleskala» = «ljudy v salě rukopleskali»; «znamena idut k nam v gostev», kde «znamena» značut državy)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Авдеенко Иван Анатольевич, СИМВОЛ И МЕТОНИМИЯ|url=https://www.gramota.net/articles/issn_1997-2911_2013_6-2_02.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615002520/https://www.gramota.net/articles/issn_1997-2911_2013_6-2_02.pdf|archive-date=2022-06-15}}</ref>. Ne trěba myliti se s [[Metafora|metaforoju]] ({{Jezyky|grc|μεταφορά}}, izměna značenja/smysla), ktora je slovo v prěnosnom-dodatnom značenju. == Slovo == Prvy raz {{Jezyky|grc|μετωνυμία}} vidimo v spisu [[Trifon (gramatik)|Trifona]] (1 stolětje do n.e.)<ref>Tryphon. (1856) De tropis. In: Spengel, L. (ed.) Rhetores graeci. Vol. 3. Lipsiae: Sumptibus et typis B. G. Teubneri. pp. 189—206</ref>. == Priměry, priklady == * Ja jesm tri talirky sjedl (Sjedl jedanje iz trěh talirek). * Čitam Gorjkogo (Čitam někaky tekst, avtor ktorogo je Gorjkij). * Vědro razpljuskalo se (Voda iz vědra izlila se). * Lěs pěvaje (Prividno, lěsne ptice). * Administracija dala rěč (Někto, někaka osoba iz administracije něčto rěkla). * Izpiti čašu (Izpiti to, čto je v čaši). == Iztočniky == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|Q41966}} [[Kategorija:Tropy]] [[Kategorija:Jezykoznavstvo]] 7vn8i55j4hw5bzv2khb9zi15tfozfzd Saljvador Dali 0 1661 27802 27062 2026-07-02T00:46:43Z Svalbarðseyri 361 kategorija byla popravjena 27802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=January 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | honorific_suffix = <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable">[[Orden Izabely Katoličnoj|GYC]]</span></br>špansky i katalonsky umětnik | name = Saljvador Dali | honorific_prefix = [[Toj Najprvorednějši]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boe.es/aeboe/consultas/bases_datos/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1989-4234 |title=Boletín Oficial del Estado, the official gazette of the Spanish government |access-date=31 July 2010 |archive-date=30 June 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630120254/http://www.boe.es/aeboe/consultas/bases_datos/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1989-4234 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | image = [[Fajl:Salvador Dali NYWTS.jpg|center|frameless|Salvador Dali, fotografovany Rodžerom Higginsom, s jego [[ocelot]]om i [[Vusy|vusami]], za ktore byl izvěstny.]]<br /> | caption = | birth_name = <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable">Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí Doménech</span> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1904|5|11|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Figeres]], Katalonija, Španija | death_date = {{Death date and age|1989|01|23|1904|05|11|df=y}} | death_place = Figeres, Katalonija, Španija | resting_place = Kripta v [[Teatr i Muzej Dali|Teatru i Muzeju Dali]], Figeres | field = Painting, drawing, photography, sculpture, writing, film, and jewelry | training = [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando|San Fernando School of Fine Arts]], Madrid | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Dada]], [[Surealizm]] | works = {{Plainlist| * ''[[Neustuplivost pameti]]'' (1931) * ''[[Mekka konstrukcija s varjenoju fasolju (Prědčutje gradžanskoj vojny)]]'' (1936) * ''[[Son, pričinjeny poletom pčely vokrug granatnogo jablka sekundu prěd probudženjem]]'' (1944) * ''[[Hristos Svetogo Jana od Križa]]'' (1951) * ''[[Galateja sfer]]'' (1952) * ''[[Razpetje]]'' ''{{-|(Corpus Hypercubus)}}'' (1954) * ''[[Ekumeničny sovět (Dali)|Ekumeničny sovět]]'' (1960) * ''[[Halucinogenny Toreador]]'' (1970)}} | spouse = <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable">[[Gala Dalí]]</span> 1934-1982 (umrěla) | awards = | signature = [[Fajl:Salvador dali signature.svg|frameless]] }} [[Fajl:Dalí.Perseo.JPG|thumb|left|[[Perseus]] s glavoju [[Meduza|Meduzy]] raboty Dali]] Saljvador Dali, '''{{-|Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech}}, 1. markiz Dali iz Pubola''', <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable">[[Orden Izabely Katoličnoj|GYC]]</span>;<ref><span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable">[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/dali "Dalí"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.; [[mwod:dali|"Dalí"]]. ''[[Merriam-Webster Dictionary]]''.</span></ref><ref name="ime">Ime Dali izměnjalo se v tečenju jego žitja. Jego ime, oficialno registrovano pri rodženju jest bylo ''{{-|Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí Doménech}}''. Jego rodna imena byli na španskom i jego prezimena [[Kastilijanizacija|kastilijanizovane]], pomimo tomu, že on se rodil v Kataloniji, zatože v toj čas katalonsky jezyk byl jest zabranjenym za oficialjno koristanje. Jego polno ime na katalonskom bylo ''{{-|Salvador Domènec Felip Jacint Dalí i Domènech}}''. V 1977 lětu katalonske imena sut byli legalizovane, i on jest prijel hibridnu formu. Tuta forma, ravno kako čisto španska ili čisto katalonska mogut strečati se dnes v pečati.</ref> (11 maja 1904 – 23 januara 1989) byl jest [[Španija|špansky]] i [[Katalonija|katalonsky]] [[živopisec]], ktory jest stal znamenity blagodare neobyčnym vzoram, ktore on jest koristal v svojih obrazah. On jest se rodil v [[Figeresu|Figeres]], Katalonija, Španija i byl jest glavnoju figuroju [[Surealism|surealističoj]] umětnosti.<ref><span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable">[[Jean-Pierre Thiollet]] 2008. ''Carré d'Art : Barbey d'Aurevilly, Byron, Salvador Dalí, Hallier''. Katalonija. ISBN:2350351890</span></ref> Jego najvyše znajemym dělom jest ''[[Neustuplivost pameti]]'' (1931), ktore jest tutčas v [[Muzej sučasnoj umětnosti|Muzeju sučasnoj umětnosti]] v [[Nju-Jorku]]. Na obrazu jest krajevid kako vo snu s mekkymi, raztopenymi kešenjovymi časovnikami.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Persistence of Memory|url=http://www.authenticsociety.com/about/ThePersistenceOfMemory_Dali|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623062843/http://www.authenticsociety.com/about/ThePersistenceOfMemory_Dali |archive-date=23 June 2011| publisher = Authentic Society}}</ref> Dali jest umrl ostanovjenjem srdca 23 januara 1989 v Kataloniji. Saljvador Dali iměl ženu, ktora se imenovala Gala Dali. ==Svezane stranicy== * [[Surealizm]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešnje linky == {{Prěvod|simple|Salvador Dalí}} {{Prěvod|en|Salvador Dalí}} [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Katalonija]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5577}} fb9ig1m7ao8v19usgmbmfjaodpfg665 Televizija 0 1823 27868 15257 2026-07-02T10:48:09Z Nichloya 70 izpravjenje kirilice 27868 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fajl:Cptvdisplay.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Televizijne prijemniky s [[Ploski ekran|ploskym ekranom]] na izstavě na prodaž v magazinu potrebiteljskoj elektroniky v 2008 godu]] '''Televizija''' ('''TV''') (od {{Jezyky|en|TV — televizija}}, čitaje se «ti vi», od {{Jezyky|grc|τῆλε}} «daleko» + {{Jezyky|la|visio}} «viděti») jest [[Telekomunikacija|telekomunikacijno]] [[Srědstvo komunikacije|srědstvo]] dlja prědavańja dvižučih se obrazov i zvuka. Dodatočno, termin može odnositi se do fizičnogo televizora a ne do srědstva [[Prědavanje signala|prědavańja]]. Televizija jest [[masovo srědstvo]] dlja reklam, veseljańja, novin i sporta. Srědstvo jest sposobno na veče než "[[radioprědavanje|radioprědavańje]]", ktore odnosi se do zvučnogo signala poslanogo do [[radioprijemnik]]ov. Televizija stala dostupnoju v surovih eksperimentalnyh formah v 1920-yh lětah, ale toliko poslě nekoliko lět daljšego razvitja nova tehnologija byla dostavjena na trg potrebiteljam. Poslě Vtoroj světovoj vojny, ulěpšena forma črno-bělogo televizijnogo prědavańja stala popularnoju v Sjedinjenom Kraljevstvě i Sjedinjenyh Štatah, a televizory stali se običajnymi v domah, predprijatijah i institucijah. V tečeńju 1950-yh lět, televizija byla glavnym srědstvom dlja vplivańja na [[publično mněnje|publično mněńje]].<ref name="Diggs-Brown2011p53">Diggs-Brown, Barbara (2011) [https://books.google.com/books?id=7c0ycySng4YC&pg=PA53 ''Strategic Public Relations: Audience Focused Practice''] str. 48</ref> V srědině 1960-yh lět, cvětne prědavańje bylo vvedeno v SŠA i večinstvě inyh razvityh krajin. Dostupnost različnyh tipov arhivnyh srědstv shranjeńja, takyh kako lenty {{-|[[Betamax]]}} i {{-|[[VHS]]}}, [[Lazerny disk|lazerne disky]], [[Tvrdy disk|tvrde disky]] visokoj kapacitety, {{-|[[Video CD]]}}, {{-|[[DVD]]}}, [[fleš-disk]]y, [[Blu-ray|{{-|Blu-ray}} disky]] visokoj rezolucije i [[Digitalni videorekorder|digitalne videorekordery]], jest dozvolila zriteljam gledati prědnje zapisany material — taky kako filmy — doma po jih sobstvenom časovom raspisu. Iz mnogyh pričin, osobno udobnosti zdaljenogo dostupa, shranjeńje televizijnyh i video programov tutčas takože odbyvaje se v [[Oblačne računanje|oblaku]] (tako kako služba video-na-žedańje od {{-|[[Netflix]]}}). Na početku 2010-yh lět, prědavańja [[Digitalna televizija|digitalnoj televizije]] znakovito uveličili se v popularnosti. Inym razvitjem byl prěhod od [[Televizija standardnoj rezolucije|televizije standardnoj rezolucije]] {{-|(SDTV)}} ({{-|[[576i]]}}, s 576 [[Prěpleteno video|prepletenymi]] linijami rezolucije i {{-|[[480i]]}}) do [[Televizija visokoj rezolucije|televizije visokoj rezolucije]] {{-|(HDTV)}}, ktora obezpečaje [[Rezolucija obraza|rezoluciju]], ktora jest sučšestveno vyša. {{-|HDTV}} može byti prědavana v različnyh formatah: {{-|[[1080p]]}}, {{-|[[1080i]]}} i {{-|[[720p]]}}. Od 2010 goda, s iznajdeńjem [[Pametna televizija|pametnoj televizije]], [[internetna televizija]] jest uveličila dostupnost televizijnyh programov i filmov črěz Internet posrědstvom služb [[Potočno video|potočnogo videa]], takyh kako {{-|[[Netflix]]}}, {{-|[[Amazon Prime Video]]}}, {{-|[[iPlayer]]}} i {{-|[[Hulu]]}}. == Iztočniky == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> [[Kategorija:Televizija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q289}} </div>{{Prěvod|en|Television}} bp6cevjhountyz202sn1lvaw81kupy2 Viktor Coj 0 1944 27827 27687 2026-07-02T06:09:01Z Ilja isv 10 27827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskie udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} '''Viktor Robertovič Coj''' ({{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Робертович Цой}}; rodžen je 21 junja 1962 v gradu [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]] — pogynul 15 avgusta 1990 leta na 35 kilometru trasy R-126 [[Sloka]]-[[Talsi]] [[Tukumsky rajon|Tukumskogo rajona]] [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijskoj SSR]]) byl [[Sovětsky sojuz|sovětsky]] [[Rok (muzyka)|rok]]-muzikant, avtor i pěvec pěsnej, [[Korjo-saram|korejsko]]-[[Rusi|russkogo]] proizhodženja. <!--[[Fajl:Kino1986leningrad (cropped).jpg|thumb|left]]--> Tvoritelj i lider muzikalnoj grupy "Kino" ({{Jezyky|ru|"Кино"}}), ktora ranje imala nazvu "Garin i Giperboloidy". Jest jedin iz najvlivnyh i znanyh sovětskyh rok-muzykantov. Jegova grupa "Kino" razpustila se poslě jegovoj smrti. Jegova grupa "Kino" porodila fenomen "kinomaniju" i dostatočno dolgo vrěme jest popularna. On takože je byl akterom v filmah. Najznany film, v ktorom on byl, — film [[Rašid Nugmanov|Rašida Nugmanova]] "[[Igla (film)|Igla]]" ({{Jezyky|ru|"Игла"}}) v rolji Móro, poslě ktorogo sovětsky žurnal "[[Sovětsky ekran (žurnal)|Sovětsky ekran]]" ({{Jezyky|ru|"Советский экран"}}) narěkl Coja najlěpšim aktorom 1989 leta<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.nashe.ru/news/kak-snimali-iglu-i-kak-viktor-tsoj-stal-luchshim-akterom-strany | title = Как снимали «Иглу» и как Виктор Цой стал лучшим актером страны | website = НАШЕ РАДИО, nashe.ru}}</ref>. 15 avgusta 1990 leta Viktor Coj pogynul v avtomobilnoj avariji na 35-om kilometru trasy R-126 Sloka-Talsi Tukumskogo rajona Latvijskoj SSR. Pogreben je na [[Bogoslovskoje grobišče|Bogoslovskom grobišču]] v [[Sankt-Peterburg|Sankt-Peterburgu]]. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} {{INTERWIKI|Q487125}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Coj, Viktor}} [[Kategorija:Rosijski muzikanti]] 3acf7ekj5u2bte95atkt1ydmt590sp5 Бєлоруси 0 2331 27842 18934 2026-07-02T09:29:01Z Karbutaroshik 59 27842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{O|народу|крају|Бєлорус}} {{Začetok|data=2022-09}} [[Fajl:Map of the Belarusian Diaspora in the World.svg|thumb|Карта числа бєлорусов в крајах свєту]] '''Бєлоруси''' ({{Jezyky|be|беларусы, biełarusy}}) сут возходнословјанскы народ. Сполно число бєлорусов јест 10 милионов људиј. Прєд всем живут в [[Бєлорус|Бєлоруси]] (84,9% всєго јеј људства). Много бєлорусов такоже живут в [[Росија|Росији]], [[Украјина|Украјинє]] и [[Пољска|Пољскє]], кде сут националне меншинство. Бєлоруси обширно разселили се по територији былого [[СССР]], а такоже прєселили се в ред стран за јего прєдєлами (Пољска, [[США]], [[Канада]], [[Нємција]]). [[Бєлорусскы језык]] јест националны језык бєлорусского народа. Јего числет родным језыком абсолутна бољшест, при том, из-за трваној русификације, бољша чест бєлорусов говорит днешње в быту, основно на [[Русскы језык|русском]]. == Хисторија == Бєлоруси подобно [[Руси|русам]] и [[Украјинци|украјинцам]], належет к [[Возходнословјанске народы|возходнословјанским народам]]. Возходнословјанске племена с VI вєка разпространили се на великој територији возходној Европы. С VI по X вєк в басејну [[Двина|Двины]], врнхного [[Днєпр|Днєпра]] и Волги осадило се племе кривичев, Кторе подєлили се на двє групы: западну и возходну. Територија на сєверу од рєкы Припет были же територијеју размєшан дреговичев.а [[Kategorija:Бєлоруси| ]] [[Kategorija:Народы]] [[Kategorija:Словјани]] [[Kategorija:Бєлорус]] {{INTERWIKI|Q483569}} m50xehm9bn9fumqfqt7yp9e9cuezhlv 27843 27842 2026-07-02T09:29:22Z Karbutaroshik 59 27843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{O|народу|крају|Бєлорус}} {{Začetok|data=2022-09}} [[Fajl:Map of the Belarusian Diaspora in the World.svg|thumb|Карта числа бєлорусов в крајах свєту]] '''Бєлоруси''' ({{Jezyky|be|беларусы, biełarusy}}) сут возходнословјанскы народ. Сполно число бєлорусов јест 10 милионов људиј. Прєд всем живут в [[Бєлорус|Бєлоруси]] (84,9% всєго јеј људства). Много бєлорусов такоже живут в [[Росија|Росији]], [[Украјина|Украјинє]] и [[Пољска|Пољскє]], кде сут националне меншинство. Бєлоруси обширно разселили се по територији былого [[СССР]], а такоже прєселили се в ред стран за јего прєдєлами (Пољска, [[США]], [[Канада]], [[Нємција]]). [[Бєлорусскы језык]] јест националны језык бєлорусского народа. Јего числет родным језыком абсолутна бољшест, при том, из-за трваној русификације, бољша чест бєлорусов говорит днешње в быту, основно на [[Русскы језык|русском]]. == Хисторија == Бєлоруси подобно [[Руси|русам]] и [[Украјинци|украјинцам]], належет к [[Возходнословјанске народы|возходнословјанским народам]]. Возходнословјанске племена с VI вєка разпространили се на великој територији возходној Европы. С VI по X вєк в басејну [[Двина|Двины]], врнхного [[Днєпр|Днєпра]] и Волги осадило се племе кривичев, Кторе подєлили се на двє групы: западну и возходну. Територија на сєверу од рєкы Припет были же територијеју размєшан дреговичев. [[Kategorija:Бєлоруси| ]] [[Kategorija:Народы]] [[Kategorija:Словјани]] [[Kategorija:Бєлорус]] {{INTERWIKI|Q483569}} ousgwzx2zp5i86xc8n2exll9093adbx Koristnik:Ilja isv/pěskovišče 2 2830 27731 27724 2026-07-01T12:46:23Z Ilja isv 10 /* Druge tipy čisel */ 27731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Variation is due to the {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, Japan's oldest mathematics text. The initial edition was published in 1627 and had many errors, most of which were fixed in the 1631 edition. In 1634, there was yet another edition which again changed a few values. The above variation is due to inconsistencies in the latter two editions. There are different characters for 10{{sup|24}} (of which {{lang|ja|秭}} is in Chinese today), and after 10{{sup|48}} they differ in whether they continue increasing by a factor of 10{{sup|4}} or switch to 10{{sup|8}}. (If by a factor of 10{{sup|8}}, the intervening factors of 10{{sup|4}} are produced with {{Nihongo|万|man}}. The current edition of the {{lang|ja|Jinkōki}}, the 11th, follows a factor of 10{{sup|4}} throughout, though some people still use the values from the 8th edition even today.) The first three numbers with multisyllabic names and variation in assigned values ultimately derive from India, though they did not have defined values there. {{Nihongo|恒河沙|gōgasha}} was originally used in Buddhist scripture for an indefinitely large quantity; it derives from the [[Sanskrit]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges]]' (which conveniently includes the character {{Nihongo|'river'|河|ka}}) and {{Nihongo|'sand'|沙|sha}}, referring to the innumerable sands of the Ganges River. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} mv2nwmvpvyn8qwwjz87e1h25u08zxtc 27736 27731 2026-07-01T13:09:51Z Ilja isv 10 /* Druge tipy čisel */ 27736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Variation is due to the {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, Japan's oldest mathematics text. The initial edition was published in 1627 and had many errors, most of which were fixed in the 1631 edition. In 1634, there was yet another edition which again changed a few values. The above variation is due to inconsistencies in the latter two editions. There are different characters for 10{{sup|24}} (of which {{lang|ja|秭}} is in Chinese today), and after 10{{sup|48}} they differ in whether they continue increasing by a factor of 10{{sup|4}} or switch to 10{{sup|8}}. (If by a factor of 10{{sup|8}}, the intervening factors of 10{{sup|4}} are produced with {{Nihongo|万|man}}. The current edition of the {{lang|ja|Jinkōki}}, the 11th, follows a factor of 10{{sup|4}} throughout, though some people still use the values from the 8th edition even today.) The first three numbers with multisyllabic names and variation in assigned values ultimately derive from India, though they did not have defined values there. {{Nihongo|恒河沙|gōgasha}} was originally used in Buddhist scripture for an indefinitely large quantity; it derives from the [[Sanskrit]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges]]' (which conveniently includes the character {{Nihongo|'river'|河|ka}}) and {{Nihongo|'sand'|沙|sha}}, referring to the innumerable sands of the Ganges River. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} t41aj13c2p23u3kxulre94nv5kdppy7 27750 27736 2026-07-01T14:30:34Z Ilja isv 10 /* Velike čisla */ 27750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙|gōgasha}} was originally used in Buddhist scripture for an indefinitely large quantity; it derives from the [[Sanskrit]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges]]' (which conveniently includes the character {{Nihongo|'river'|河|ka}}) and {{Nihongo|'sand'|沙|sha}}, referring to the innumerable sands of the Ganges River. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} c83vl3ackskscsf5i9nwmgjsoqfm0bm 27752 27750 2026-07-01T14:58:52Z Ilja isv 10 /* Stupnje 10 */ 27752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|2=恒河沙|3=gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} n6gom0hep3q5msh9xdphuwxb4z45g8i 27753 27752 2026-07-01T14:59:46Z Ilja isv 10 /* Velike čisla */ 27753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙|gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} nuwgyg0venibo18dpa6kxj6hpbdvszg 27754 27753 2026-07-01T15:00:43Z Ilja isv 10 /* Velike čisla */ 27754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} 9h4tg1801fslaqjg4195ajexif9qzoo 27795 27754 2026-07-01T22:58:18Z Ilja isv 10 /* Čisla v japonskom jezyku */ 27795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} tuj3vk45rrx7wm2rucyppdmrn5vk161 27832 27795 2026-07-02T08:09:07Z Ilja isv 10 27832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{Kartka firma | name = Electronic Arts Inc. | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Public company|Public]] | traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}} | industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} in [[San Mateo, California]], US | founder = [[Trip Hawkins]] | hq_location_city = [[Redwood City, California]] | hq_location_country = US | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | [[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]] {{nowrap|([[CEO]] and [[chairman]])}} | [[Laura Miele]] {{nowrap|([[President (corporate title)|president]] of EA Entertainment)}} | Cam Weber {{nowrap|(president of [[EA Sports]])}} }} | products = See [[list of Electronic Arts games]] | revenue = {{decrease}} {{US$|7.46&nbsp;billion|link=yes}} | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{increase}} US$1.52&nbsp;billion | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{decrease}} US$1.12&nbsp;billion | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{decrease}} US$12.4&nbsp;billion | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{decrease}} US$6.39&nbsp;billion | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = {{circa|14,500}} | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}} | subsidiaries = See {{section link||Company structure}} | website = {{URL|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Financials {{as of|2025|03|31|lc=y|df=US}}.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} it6zygm9nxomp9bu0cu066ghilak3ke 27847 27832 2026-07-02T09:49:09Z Ilja isv 10 27847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg]] | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budova centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Vsesvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|[[Лаура Миле]]]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = See [[list of Electronic Arts games]] | revenue = {{decrease}} {{US$|7.46&nbsp;billion|link=yes}} | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{increase}} US$1.52&nbsp;billion | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{decrease}} US$1.12&nbsp;billion | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{decrease}} US$12.4&nbsp;billion | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{decrease}} US$6.39&nbsp;billion | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = {{circa|14,500}} | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}} | subsidiaries = See {{section link||Company structure}} | website = {{URL|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Financials {{as of|2025|03|31|lc=y|df=US}}.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} s5xakl2jcjrf5p44brci2bvrseijcwz 27848 27847 2026-07-02T09:52:15Z Ilja isv 10 27848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budova centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Vsesvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = See [[list of Electronic Arts games]] | revenue = {{decrease}} {{US$|7.46&nbsp;billion|link=yes}} | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{increase}} US$1.52&nbsp;billion | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{decrease}} US$1.12&nbsp;billion | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{decrease}} US$12.4&nbsp;billion | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{decrease}} US$6.39&nbsp;billion | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = {{circa|14,500}} | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}} | subsidiaries = See {{section link||Company structure}} | website = {{URL|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Financials {{as of|2025|03|31|lc=y|df=US}}.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} njzyf1v6uep74vjy3176607kaggu2a4 27851 27848 2026-07-02T10:03:40Z Ilja isv 10 27851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budova centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = Zri [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|Spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = Zri {{Electronic Arts#section link||Struktura kompanije}} | website = https://www.ea.com/|ea.com | footnotes = Finansove pokazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} ffkgf77qrtj5jrc4amvqbbka3v9zbsb 27855 27851 2026-07-02T10:07:48Z Ilja isv 10 27855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=June 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} tuj3vk45rrx7wm2rucyppdmrn5vk161 27866 27855 2026-07-02T10:18:21Z Ilja isv 10 27866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=July 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], I velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: Sino-Japonsko čitanje ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i Japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}) [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]]. ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla na japonskom jezyku: [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske čisla sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kanji|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), jsponsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Archaične čtanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Čitanje {{lang|en|On}} ! Čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostno čitanje |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrim jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet igovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja sčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla dělajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, jestlu ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se c {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}neposrědnje prědhodi nazvě kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}}ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Znaky !! Čitanje !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo||阿僧祇|asōgi}}, from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'uncountable/innumerable', with the negative prefix {{Nihongo||阿|a}}, and {{Nihongo||那由他|nayuta}} is from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. After that, the numbers are Buddhist terms translated into or coined in Chinese and later assigned numerical values: {{Nihongo|'unimaginable'|不可思議|fukashigi}} and {{Nihongo|'immeasurably large number'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. Examples: ''(spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)'' *1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}} *983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}} *20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}} However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following English-speaking convention. If Arabic numbers and kanji are used in combination, Western orders of magnitude may be used for numbers smaller than 10,000 (e.g. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} for 25,000,000). In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 4002 is {{lang|ja|四千二}} (in contrast, Chinese requires the use of {{lang|zh|零}} wherever a zero appears, e.g. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} for 4002). However, when reading out a statement of accounts, for example, the skipped digit or digits are sometimes indicated by {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} or {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}): e.g. {{lang|ja|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} or {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} instead of the normal {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}. === Drobne čisla === Japanese has two systems of numerals for decimal fractions. They are no longer in general use, but are still used in some instances such as batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases such as 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'fifty-fifty chance'}}, and when representing a rate or discount. The {{lang|en|bu}} fractions are also used when talking about fevers—for example {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} for 9 and two parts—referring to the temperature 39.2°C. One system is as follows: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |10{{sup|−6}} |10{{sup|−7}} |10{{sup|−8}} |10{{sup|−9}} |10{{sup|−10}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |{{lang|ja|忽}} |{{lang|ja|微}} |{{lang|ja|繊}} |{{lang|ja|沙}} |{{lang|ja|塵}} |{{lang|ja|埃}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|jen|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|kotsu}} |{{lang|en|bi}} |{{lang|en|sen}} |{{lang|en|sha}} |{{lang|en|jin}} |{{lang|en|ai}} |} This is the system used with the traditional [[Japanese units of measurement]]. Several of the names are used "as is" to represent a fraction of a [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]]. The other system of representing these decimal fractions of rate or discount uses a system "shifted down" with a {{lang|ja|bu}} becoming a "one hundredth" and so on, and the unit for "tenth" becoming {{lang|ja|wari}}: {| class="wikitable" !align=left|Red |10{{sup|−1}} |10{{sup|−2}} |10{{sup|−3}} |10{{sup|−4}} |10{{sup|−5}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|割}} |{{lang|ja|分}} |{{lang|ja|厘}} |{{lang|ja|毛}} |{{lang|ja|糸}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|wari}} |{{lang|en|bu}} |{{lang|en|rin}} |{{lang|en|mō}} |{{lang|en|shi}} |} This is often used with prices. For example: *{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% discount *{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: batting average .389 With the exception of {{lang|ja|wari}}, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that, in written form, they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) In both cases, however, the reading follows the traditional system ({{lang|ja|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} for 42.195 kilometers; {{lang|ja|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} for 50.04 percent.) == В именах == Существуют имена {{нихонго|[[Millennium Actress|Тиёко]]|千代子||дословно «тысяча лет» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тидзуру|千鶴||дословно «тысяча [[Японский журавль|журавлей]]» (женское)}}, {{нихонго|Тикао|千禾夫||дословно «муж — тысяча колосьев»}}, фамилия {{нихонго|Титака|千鷹||дословно «тысяча соколов»}}. Одна из японских префектур называется {{нихонго|[[Тиба (префектура)|Тиба]]|千葉||дословно «тысяча листьев»}}. В [[аниме]] «[[Унесённые призраками]]» обыгрывается неоднозначность прочтения иероглифа 千 — «сэн» или «ти»: имя главной героини — {{нихонго|Тихиро|千尋||дословно «тысяча [[Японская система мер#Меры длины|хиро]]», «бездонная глубина»}}; колдунья «забирает» имя у Тихиро, оставляя ей только один иероглиф и меняя его прочтение. Отныне Тихиро зовётся {{нихонго|Сэн|千||тысяча}}. Кроме того, есть последовательность мужских имён, которыми называют детей по порядку рождения: # {{нихонго|Итиро|一郎|итиро:|первый сын}}, # {{нихонго|Дзиро|二郎|дзиро:|второй сын}}, # {{нихонго|Сабуро|三郎|сабуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Сиро|四郎|сиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Горо|五郎|горо:}}, # {{нихонго|Рокуро|六郎|рокуро:}}, # {{нихонго|Ситиро|七郎|ситиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Хатиро|八郎|хатиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Куро|九郎|куро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюро|十郎|дзю:ро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тоитиро|十一郎|тоитиро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюитиро|十一郎|дзю:итиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Дзюдзиро|十二郎|дзю:дзиро:}}, # {{нихонго|Тосабуро|十三郎|тосабуро:}} или {{нихонго|Дзюсабуро|十三郎|дзю:сабуро:}}. После [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]] имена «больше» Сабуро почти вышли из употребления. Кроме указанных имён есть даже {{нихонго|Дзюсиро|十四郎|дзю:сиро:|четырнадцатый сын}} и {{нихонго|Хякуро|百郎|хякуро:|сотый сын}}: их, кроме прочих, носят актёр [[Кабуки]] [[Коноэ, Дзюсиро|Дзюсиро Коноэ]] (近衛 十四郎) и [[мангака]] [[Мурасаки, Хякуро|Хякуро Мурасаки]] (村崎 百郎). == Formalne čislovniky == [[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]] As with Chinese numerals, there exists in Japanese a separate set of kanji for numerals called {{Nihongo||大字|'''daiji'''}} used in legal and financial documents to prevent unscrupulous individuals from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. The formal numbers are identical to the [[Chinese financial numerals|Chinese formal numbers]] except for minor stroke variations. Today, the numbers for one, two, three, and ten are written only in their formal form in legal documents (the numbers 4 to 9 as well as 100, 1000 and 10000 are written identically to the common ones, cf. table below).<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}</ref> These numbers' common forms can be changed to a higher value by adding strokes (1 and 2 were explained above, while 3 can be changed to 5, and 10 to 1000). In some cases, the digit 1 is explicitly written like {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} for 110, as opposed to {{lang|ja|百十}} in common writing. Formal numbers: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | Number ! rowspan="2" | Common ! colspan="2" | Formal |- ! In use !! Obsolete |- | align="right" | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}} |- | align="right" | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}} |- | align="right" | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}} |- | align="right" | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}} |- | align="right" | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}} |- | align="right" | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}} |- | align="right" | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}} |- | align="right" | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}} |- | align="right" | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}} |- | align="right" | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} |- | align="right" | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}} |- | align="right" | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}} |- | align="right" | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}} |} The four current [[banknotes of the Japanese yen]], 1000-yen, 2000-yen, 5000-yen, and 10000-yen, have formal numbers {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}}, and {{lang|ja|壱万}}, respectively. ==V starojaponskom jezyku== [[Old Japanese]] shares some vocabulary with later periods, but there are also unique number terms over 10 which are not used any more, aside from being parts of specific [[lexeme]]s. Notes: * The transcription is based on the [[phoneme]] and is not [[phonetics|phonetic]]. See [[Old Japanese]] for further information. * See {{lang|ja|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} for information on subscript notation. <!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --> {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo ! Izgovor ! Priklady ! Primětky |- | align="right" | 1 | [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>}} (1 day), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>to<sub>2</sub>se}} (1 year) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 2 | [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo<sub>2</sub>}} (2 nights) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 3 | [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 4 | [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>tari}} (4 people) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 5 | [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto<sub>2</sub>se}} (5 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 6 | [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]] | {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 claws) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 7 | [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]] | {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (many rapids) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 8 | [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo<sub>1</sub>}} (many clouds) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 9 | [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>pasira}} (9 nobles / gods) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>wo}}]] | {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to<sub>2</sub>woka}} (10 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 10 | [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>so<sub>1</sub>}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso<sub>1</sub>}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso<sub>1</sub>}} (80) | Found only in compound words; not used alone. |- | align="right" | 20 | [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]] | {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 people), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato<sub>2</sub>se}} (20 years) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 50 | [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 days) | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]] | {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto<sub>2</sub>se}} (500 years), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo<sub>2</sub>}} (500 nights), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi<sub>1</sub>po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub>no<sub>2</sub>po}} (900) | Used for multiple hundreds in compound numerals. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 100 | [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>}}]] | {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo<sub>1</sub>mo<sub>1</sub>ka}} (many days) | Used for non-multiple hundred and for the number "100" by itself. Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 1000 | [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]] | {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito<sub>2</sub>se}} (1000 years, many years) | Often used to mean many. |- | align="right" | 10000 | [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}}]] | {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo<sub>2</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>du}} (8000000, myriad) | Often used to mean many. |} ==Sčitanje na prstah== Japanese uses separate systems for counting for oneself and for displaying numbers to others, which both proceed up to ten. For counting, one begins with the palm open, then counts up to five by curling up (folding down) the fingers, starting from the thumb – thus one has just the thumb down (and others extended), while four has only the little finger extended, and five has a fist. One then counts up to ten by proceeding in the reverse order, extending the fingers, starting at the little finger – thus six is the same as four, seven the same as three, and so forth, with ten ending with the palm open. While this introduces ambiguity, it is not used to present to others, so this is generally not a problem. When displaying for others, one starts with the hand closed, and extends fingers, starting with the index, going to the little finger, then ending with the thumb, as in the United States. For numbers above five, one uses an open hand (indicating five) and places the appropriate number of fingers from the other hand against the palm (palms facing each other) – so six has the index finger against the palm, and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}</ref> To display ten, one presents both hands open and palm outwards. == Zapisyvanje cifr slovami == Since the adoption of [[Arabic numerals]], it has become more and more common for numbers to be written using them. Counters and ordinal numbers are typically written in Arabic numbers, such as {{nihongo|three people|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|July, "seventh-month"|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|age 20|20歳|hatachi}}, etc., although {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} and {{lang|ja|二十歳}} are also acceptable to write (albeit less common). However, numbers that are part of lexemes are typically written in kanji. For example, the term {{nihongo|'vegetable stand / grocer'|八百屋|yaoya}} translates into "800 store" and uses the Old Japanese pronunciation for 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. The notorious Japanese organized crime syndicate, the [[yakuza]], can be written {{lang|ja|八九三}} (or 893), a hand in {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}} that is worth 0 points, indicating that yakuza are "worthless persons" or "gambling persons".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> ==Zrite takože== *[[Chinese numerals]] *[[Decimal separator]] *[[Japanese counter word]] *[[Japanese people]] *[[Japanese wordplay#Numeric substitution|Japanese wordplay § Numeric substitution]] == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Viktor Coj | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|ru|Виктор Цой}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|center|Viktor Coj v lětu 1986]] | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Viktor Robertovič Coj | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sankt-Peterburg|Leningrad]], [[Rosijska Sovětska Federativna Socialističska Republika|RSFSR]], [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvijska Sovětska Socialističska Republika|Latvijska SSR]], Sovětsky Sojuz | death_cause = Avto avarija | resting_place = Bogoslovskoje grobišče, Sankt-Peterburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * pěvec * avtor pěsnjej * avtor muziky * aktor * avangardny umětnik }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Marianna Coj, od 1984 }} | children = [[Aleksandr Coj]], rod. 1985 | module = {{Kartka muzikant|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * [[Vokal|vokal]] * [[Gitara|gitara]] * [[Bas-gitara|bas-gitara]] }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk|post-pank]] * [[New wave (muzika)|nova volna]] * [[gotičny rok]] * [[Punk|pank rok]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[AnTrop]] * [[Firma Melodija|Melodija]] }} | current_member_of = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (grupa)|Kino]] * [[Avtomatičeskije udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergej Kurjohin]] }} }} }} Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} gcv9iem6vkffxjm1txeleebpblv3lck Mass Effect 0 4528 27746 27702 2026-07-01T14:15:27Z Chtabs 42 Obnovjene linky na zapisy v viki. 27746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{-|Mass Effect}}''' — jest naučno-fantastična medija-serija, ktoru sut stvorili [[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]] ({{Jezyky|en|Casey Hudson}}) i [[Drew Karpyshyn|Drju Karpišin]] ({{Jezyky|en|Drew Karpyshyn}}). V njej ide historija o dalekoj budučnosti, v ktoroj ljudi i inoplanetjani kolonizovali Mlěčny put s pomočju tehnologij najdavnih civilizacij. Medija-serija sodrživaje seriju igr, ktore stvorila kompanija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i ktore izdali {{-|[[Microsoft Studios]]}} i {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}}. V prvyh treh igrah ({{-|[[Mass Effect (igra)|Mass Effect 1]]}}, {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}}) ide reč o boju komandira Šeparda i jegovogo odreda protiv Žnecov, ktori hčut izniščiti vsaku živnost v galaktikě. V {{-|[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]}} dějanja idut poslě 600 let od {{-|Mass Effect 3}} i izlagajut o kolonistah, ktori kolonizujut [[Galaktika Andromedy|galaktiku Andromedy]]. Osnovne igry serije sut strěljanky od tretjego lica s elementami roljevoj igry. Igrač može izbirati različne varianty za odgovor v dialogah, ktore imajut vliv na dějanja. Misije igrač hodi so svojim odredom, s nektorymi iz ktoryh možno dělati romany. == Igry == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leto !Nazva !Tvoritelj ! colspan="4" |Platformy |- | colspan="7" |'''Osnovna serija''' |- |2007 |{{-|[[Mass Effect (igra)|Mass Effect]]}} | rowspan="4" |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="3" |{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}} | rowspan="3" |{{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}} | rowspan="4" |{{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}} | |- |2010 |{{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} | |- |2012 |{{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} |[[Wii U]] |- |2017 |{{-|[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]}} |[[Xbox One]] |[[PlayStation 4]] | |- | colspan="7" |'''Kolekcije''' |- |2012 |Mass Effect Trilogy | rowspan="2" |[[BioWare]] |{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}} |{{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}} | rowspan="2" |{{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}} | |- |2021 |[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]] |[[Xbox One]] |[[PlayStation 4]] | |- | colspan="7" |'''Mobilne igry''' |- |2009 |[[Mass Effect Galaxy]] |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="2" |[[iOS]] | | | |- |2012 |[[Mass Effect Infiltrator]] |[[IronMonkey Studios]] |[[Android]] |[[Windows Phone]] |[[BlackBerry 10]] |} == Aplikacije-programy == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leto !Nazva !Tvoritelj ! colspan="2" |Platformy |- |2012 |Mass Effect Datapad | rowspan="2" |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="2" |[[iOS]] | rowspan="2" |[[Android]] |- |2017 |Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ |} === Mass Effect Datapad === Mass Effect Datapad jest programa za mobilne aparaty, ktora dozvoljaje igračam gledati jihni status karty galaktiky v [[Mass Effect 3]] i dobyvati poslanja-soobčenja od vnutriigrovyh person. Datapad sodrži informaciju o personah, rasah, tehnikě, oružje i linije historiji světa Mass Effect. Mass Effect Datapad je byl oddaljen iz iOS AppStore i Google Play Store 5 Junja 2013-go leta<ref>[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-3-datapad-app-retired-today/1100-6409281/#:~:text=Electronic%20Arts%20has%20announced%20that,the%20mobile%2Doptimized%20N7HQ%20instead. Mass Effect 3 Datapad app retired today]</ref>. === Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ === Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ jest oficialna programa za mnogoigračnu-setevomreževu igru v [[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]. S pomočju Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ igrači sut mogli uzrěti jihni progres v igrě, upravjati vnutriigrovymi personami i imati dostup do jihnih spiskov prijateljev. == Iztočniky == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q953242}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Serije videoigr]] mkdpvpde88c59joyjnvm8okp6vpr1qb 27759 27746 2026-07-01T16:22:48Z Chtabs 42 Dodana kartka za igrovu seriju 27759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka Videoigrova serija|logotip=Logo Mass Effect.svg|razrabotcziky=[[BioWare]]|platformy=[[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[Xbox 360]], [[Xbox One]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[iOS]], [[Android]], [[Wii U]]|igromotory=[[Unreal Engine]], [[Frostbite Engine]]|prvaigra=[[Mass Effect (igra)|Mass Effect]]|žanry=[[Strěljanka od tretjego lica]]|oficialnysajt=https://www.ea.com/games/mass-effect|izdatelji=[[Microsoft Studios]], [[Electronic Arts]]}} '''{{-|Mass Effect}}''' — jest naučno-fantastična medija-serija, ktoru sut stvorili [[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]] ({{Jezyky|en|Casey Hudson}}) i [[Drew Karpyshyn|Drju Karpišin]] ({{Jezyky|en|Drew Karpyshyn}}). V njej ide historija o dalekoj budučnosti, v ktoroj ljudi i inoplanetjani kolonizovali Mlěčny put s pomočju tehnologij najdavnih civilizacij. Medija-serija sodrživaje seriju igr, ktore stvorila kompanija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i ktore izdali {{-|[[Microsoft Studios]]}} i {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}}. V prvyh treh igrah ({{-|[[Mass Effect (igra)|Mass Effect 1]]}}, {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}}) ide reč o boju komandira Šeparda i jegovogo odreda protiv Žnecov, ktori hčut izniščiti vsaku živnost v galaktikě. V {{-|[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]}} dějanja idut poslě 600 let od {{-|Mass Effect 3}} i izlagajut o kolonistah, ktori kolonizujut [[Galaktika Andromedy|galaktiku Andromedy]]. Osnovne igry serije sut strěljanky od tretjego lica s elementami roljevoj igry. Igrač može izbirati različne varianty za odgovor v dialogah, ktore imajut vliv na dějanja. Misije igrač hodi so svojim odredom, s nektorymi iz ktoryh možno dělati romany. == Igry == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leto !Nazva !Tvoritelj ! colspan="4" |Platformy |- | colspan="7" |'''Osnovna serija''' |- |2007 |{{-|[[Mass Effect (igra)|Mass Effect]]}} | rowspan="4" |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="3" |{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}} | rowspan="3" |{{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}} | rowspan="4" |{{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}} | |- |2010 |{{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} | |- |2012 |{{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} |[[Wii U]] |- |2017 |{{-|[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]}} |[[Xbox One]] |[[PlayStation 4]] | |- | colspan="7" |'''Kolekcije''' |- |2012 |Mass Effect Trilogy | rowspan="2" |[[BioWare]] |{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}} |{{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}} | rowspan="2" |{{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}} | |- |2021 |[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]] |[[Xbox One]] |[[PlayStation 4]] | |- | colspan="7" |'''Mobilne igry''' |- |2009 |[[Mass Effect Galaxy]] |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="2" |[[iOS]] | | | |- |2012 |[[Mass Effect Infiltrator]] |[[IronMonkey Studios]] |[[Android]] |[[Windows Phone]] |[[BlackBerry 10]] |} == Aplikacije-programy == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leto !Nazva !Tvoritelj ! colspan="2" |Platformy |- |2012 |Mass Effect Datapad | rowspan="2" |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="2" |[[iOS]] | rowspan="2" |[[Android]] |- |2017 |Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ |} === Mass Effect Datapad === Mass Effect Datapad jest programa za mobilne aparaty, ktora dozvoljaje igračam gledati jihni status karty galaktiky v [[Mass Effect 3]] i dobyvati poslanja-soobčenja od vnutriigrovyh person. Datapad sodrži informaciju o personah, rasah, tehnikě, oružje i linije historiji světa Mass Effect. Mass Effect Datapad je byl oddaljen iz iOS AppStore i Google Play Store 5 Junja 2013-go leta<ref>[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-3-datapad-app-retired-today/1100-6409281/#:~:text=Electronic%20Arts%20has%20announced%20that,the%20mobile%2Doptimized%20N7HQ%20instead. Mass Effect 3 Datapad app retired today]</ref>. === Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ === Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ jest oficialna programa za mnogoigračnu-setevomreževu igru v [[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]. S pomočju Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ igrači sut mogli uzrěti jihni progres v igrě, upravjati vnutriigrovymi personami i imati dostup do jihnih spiskov prijateljev. == Iztočniky == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q953242}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Serije videoigr]] mjrshpgpa0st7tcsxsj9u4sjt9yh2mj 27763 27759 2026-07-01T16:42:33Z Chtabs 42 27763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka Videoigrova serija|logotip=Logo Mass Effect.svg|razrabotcziky=[[BioWare]]|platformy=[[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[Xbox 360]], [[Xbox One]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[iOS]], [[Android]], [[Wii U]]|igromotory=[[Unreal Engine]], [[Frostbite Engine]]|prvaigra=[[Mass Effect (igra)|Mass Effect]]|žanry=[[Strěljanka od tretjego lica]], [[Action RPG]]|oficialnysajt=https://www.ea.com/games/mass-effect|izdatelji=[[Microsoft Studios]], [[Electronic Arts]]}} '''{{-|Mass Effect}}''' — jest naučno-fantastična medija-serija, ktoru sut stvorili [[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]] ({{Jezyky|en|Casey Hudson}}) i [[Drew Karpyshyn|Drju Karpišin]] ({{Jezyky|en|Drew Karpyshyn}}). V njej ide historija o dalekoj budučnosti, v ktoroj ljudi i inoplanetjani kolonizovali Mlěčny put s pomočju tehnologij najdavnih civilizacij. Medija-serija sodrživaje seriju igr, ktore stvorila kompanija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i ktore izdali {{-|[[Microsoft Studios]]}} i {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}}. V prvyh treh igrah ({{-|[[Mass Effect (igra)|Mass Effect 1]]}}, {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}}) ide reč o boju komandira Šeparda i jegovogo odreda protiv Žnecov, ktori hčut izniščiti vsaku živnost v galaktikě. V {{-|[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]}} dějanja idut poslě 600 let od {{-|Mass Effect 3}} i izlagajut o kolonistah, ktori kolonizujut [[Galaktika Andromedy|galaktiku Andromedy]]. Osnovne igry serije sut strěljanky od tretjego lica s elementami roljevoj igry. Igrač može izbirati različne varianty za odgovor v dialogah, ktore imajut vliv na dějanja. Misije igrač hodi so svojim odredom, s nektorymi iz ktoryh možno dělati romany. == Igry == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leto !Nazva !Tvoritelj ! colspan="4" |Platformy |- | colspan="7" |'''Osnovna serija''' |- |2007 |{{-|[[Mass Effect (igra)|Mass Effect]]}} | rowspan="4" |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="3" |{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}} | rowspan="3" |{{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}} | rowspan="4" |{{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}} | |- |2010 |{{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} | |- |2012 |{{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} |[[Wii U]] |- |2017 |{{-|[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]}} |[[Xbox One]] |[[PlayStation 4]] | |- | colspan="7" |'''Kolekcije''' |- |2012 |Mass Effect Trilogy | rowspan="2" |[[BioWare]] |{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}} |{{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}} | rowspan="2" |{{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}} | |- |2021 |[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]] |[[Xbox One]] |[[PlayStation 4]] | |- | colspan="7" |'''Mobilne igry''' |- |2009 |[[Mass Effect Galaxy]] |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="2" |[[iOS]] | | | |- |2012 |[[Mass Effect Infiltrator]] |[[IronMonkey Studios]] |[[Android]] |[[Windows Phone]] |[[BlackBerry 10]] |} == Aplikacije-programy == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leto !Nazva !Tvoritelj ! colspan="2" |Platformy |- |2012 |Mass Effect Datapad | rowspan="2" |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="2" |[[iOS]] | rowspan="2" |[[Android]] |- |2017 |Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ |} === Mass Effect Datapad === Mass Effect Datapad jest programa za mobilne aparaty, ktora dozvoljaje igračam gledati jihni status karty galaktiky v [[Mass Effect 3]] i dobyvati poslanja-soobčenja od vnutriigrovyh person. Datapad sodrži informaciju o personah, rasah, tehnikě, oružje i linije historiji světa Mass Effect. Mass Effect Datapad je byl oddaljen iz iOS AppStore i Google Play Store 5 Junja 2013-go leta<ref>[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-3-datapad-app-retired-today/1100-6409281/#:~:text=Electronic%20Arts%20has%20announced%20that,the%20mobile%2Doptimized%20N7HQ%20instead. Mass Effect 3 Datapad app retired today]</ref>. === Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ === Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ jest oficialna programa za mnogoigračnu-setevomreževu igru v [[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]. S pomočju Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ igrači sut mogli uzrěti jihni progres v igrě, upravjati vnutriigrovymi personami i imati dostup do jihnih spiskov prijateljev. == Iztočniky == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q953242}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Serije videoigr]] au7pauilxq5tn4pp2eehix2bblf0waq 27790 27763 2026-07-01T22:36:25Z IJzeren Jan 9 27790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka Videoigrova serija|logotip=Logo Mass Effect.svg|razrabotniki=[[BioWare]]|platformy=[[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[Xbox 360]], [[Xbox One]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[iOS]], [[Android]], [[Wii U]]|igromotory=[[Unreal Engine]], [[Frostbite Engine]]|prvaigra=[[Mass Effect (igra)|Mass Effect]]|žanry=[[Strěljanka od tretjego lica]], [[Action RPG]]|oficialnysajt=https://www.ea.com/games/mass-effect|izdatelji=[[Microsoft Studios]], [[Electronic Arts]]}} '''{{-|Mass Effect}}''' — jest naučno-fantastična medija-serija, ktoru sut stvorili [[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]] ({{Jezyky|en|Casey Hudson}}) i [[Drew Karpyshyn|Drju Karpišin]] ({{Jezyky|en|Drew Karpyshyn}}). V njej ide historija o dalekoj budučnosti, v ktoroj ljudi i inoplanetjani kolonizovali Mlěčny put s pomočju tehnologij najdavnih civilizacij. Medija-serija sodrživaje seriju igr, ktore stvorila kompanija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i ktore izdali {{-|[[Microsoft Studios]]}} i {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}}. V prvyh treh igrah ({{-|[[Mass Effect (igra)|Mass Effect 1]]}}, {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}}) ide reč o boju komandira Šeparda i jegovogo odreda protiv Žnecov, ktori hčut izniščiti vsaku živnost v galaktikě. V {{-|[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]}} dějanja idut poslě 600 let od {{-|Mass Effect 3}} i izlagajut o kolonistah, ktori kolonizujut [[Galaktika Andromedy|galaktiku Andromedy]]. Osnovne igry serije sut strěljanky od tretjego lica s elementami roljevoj igry. Igrač može izbirati različne varianty za odgovor v dialogah, ktore imajut vliv na dějanja. Misije igrač hodi so svojim odredom, s nektorymi iz ktoryh možno dělati romany. == Igry == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leto !Nazva !Tvoritelj ! colspan="4" |Platformy |- | colspan="7" |'''Osnovna serija''' |- |2007 |{{-|[[Mass Effect (igra)|Mass Effect]]}} | rowspan="4" |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="3" |{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}} | rowspan="3" |{{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}} | rowspan="4" |{{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}} | |- |2010 |{{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} | |- |2012 |{{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} |[[Wii U]] |- |2017 |{{-|[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]}} |[[Xbox One]] |[[PlayStation 4]] | |- | colspan="7" |'''Kolekcije''' |- |2012 |Mass Effect Trilogy | rowspan="2" |[[BioWare]] |{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}} |{{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}} | rowspan="2" |{{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}} | |- |2021 |[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]] |[[Xbox One]] |[[PlayStation 4]] | |- | colspan="7" |'''Mobilne igry''' |- |2009 |[[Mass Effect Galaxy]] |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="2" |[[iOS]] | | | |- |2012 |[[Mass Effect Infiltrator]] |[[IronMonkey Studios]] |[[Android]] |[[Windows Phone]] |[[BlackBerry 10]] |} == Aplikacije-programy == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leto !Nazva !Tvoritelj ! colspan="2" |Platformy |- |2012 |Mass Effect Datapad | rowspan="2" |[[BioWare]] | rowspan="2" |[[iOS]] | rowspan="2" |[[Android]] |- |2017 |Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ |} === Mass Effect Datapad === Mass Effect Datapad jest programa za mobilne aparaty, ktora dozvoljaje igračam gledati jihni status karty galaktiky v [[Mass Effect 3]] i dobyvati poslanja-soobčenja od vnutriigrovyh person. Datapad sodrži informaciju o personah, rasah, tehnikě, oružje i linije historiji světa Mass Effect. Mass Effect Datapad je byl oddaljen iz iOS AppStore i Google Play Store 5 Junja 2013-go leta<ref>[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-3-datapad-app-retired-today/1100-6409281/#:~:text=Electronic%20Arts%20has%20announced%20that,the%20mobile%2Doptimized%20N7HQ%20instead. Mass Effect 3 Datapad app retired today]</ref>. === Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ === Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ jest oficialna programa za mnogoigračnu-setevomreževu igru v [[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]. S pomočju Mass Effect: Andromeda APEX HQ igrači sut mogli uzrěti jihni progres v igrě, upravjati vnutriigrovymi personami i imati dostup do jihnih spiskov prijateljev. == Iztočniky == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q953242}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Serije videoigr]] 51uwa3yuaqi76pkpj37qzo2srf9gnmu Сука (музикалны инструмент) 0 4539 27735 27703 2026-07-01T13:04:47Z Мурад 97 27 27735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka muzikalny instrument |name=Suka |names= |image=[[File:Suka bilgorajska.jpg|center|270px]] |classification=[[Strunny instrument]] ([[Smyček (muzika)|smyčkovy]]) |range= |related= *'''[[Semějstvo guslje]]''' ([[skripka]], [[violončelo]]) *Sěmejstvo [[Viol]] (vključaje [[kontrabas]]) |musicians= |builders= |articles= * [[Semějstvo guslje|Semějstvo muzykalnyh instrumentov guslje]] }} '''Сука''' ili '''Сука билгорајска''' ({{Jezyky|pl|Suka biłgorajska}}) јест струнно-смычковы, хисторичны пољскы музикалны инструмент. Тутчас сут јего реконструоване версије, кторыми такоже играјут.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.songlines.co.uk/features/suka-musical-instrument-guide-with-maria-pomianowska | title = Suka. Musical Instrument Guide (with Maria Pomianowska) | first = Simon | last = Broughton}}</ref> == Хисторија == Вєројетно, же находност смычковых инструментов иде из Централној Азији. Они сут были разпрострањане по Евразије приблизно в {{-|X}} веку. В Пољскє једин вид местных гусљев је был иззначен в 1545 году.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/stringed-instrument/The-violin-family#ref95471 |title=The violin family |work= |publisher=[[Britannika Ensiklopediyası]] Online |date= |accessdate=2025-03-20 |archive-date=2024-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417114942/https://www.britannica.com/art/stringed-instrument/The-violin-family#ref95471 |url-status=live }}</ref> Сут нєколико археологичных находок смычковых инструментов в Пољскє. Вкључно гусљев {{-|XI}} в. из Опољa, пет струнных инструментов {{-|XII}} в., најденых в году 1948 в Гдањску, и струнны инструмент, најдены в году 1985 в Полоцку, именујеме сут Полоцкыми гусљами.<ref name=Dahlig>{{cite book | author = Ewa Dahlig | title = Ludowe instrumenty skrzypcowe w Polsce | publisher = Instytut Sztuki Polskiej Akademii Nauk | place = Warszawa | date = 2001 | isbn = 83-85938-54-0}}</ref> Прва референција на тутој инструмент је појавила се в року 1888 в чланку хисторика и диалектолога Јана Карловича ({{-|Jan Karłowicz}}) в вєстнику {{-|Wisła}} об изставє народных музыкалных инструментов ктора је прошла оногды. Онде сука је была описана како некористаны дрєвны селскы инструмент. Такоже је была давана информација же јеј находност иде из града Коцудзы (ранєје село {{-|Kocudza}} в Билгорају). Оригинална сука не је дошла до наших дњев. Мнєвајут, же послєдным чловєком, видєвшим оригиналны инструмент је был обыватељ Коцудзы Марцин Гилас.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sukabilgorajska.pl/suka-bilgorajska/ |title=SUKA. Historia |access-date=2025-03-14 |archive-date=2024-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004060258/https://www.sukabilgorajska.pl/suka-bilgorajska/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Сут были различне покушања jеj реконструованја. Наприклад је был једин опыт Збигнева Бутрына ({{-|Zbigniew Butryn}}) из града Јанов Љубелски и другы Андреја Кучовского ({{-|Andrzej Kuczkowski}}) из Варшавы. Они оба изкористали акварељны образ сукы, кторы је нарысовал Војцех Герсон ({{-|Wojciech Gerson}}) в року 1895.<ref name="MP">Maria Pomianowska, Zespół polski, "Oj chmielu... Stare pieśni i tańce polskie", Agencja Artystyczna MTJ, Warszawa 1996.</ref> Бутрын имаје собствено студио изтворјенја народных инструментов. Јего сын Кшиштоф је одкрыл Билгорајску Школу Сукы в року 2007. Онде учет изтворјати суку и на њеју играти.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pismofolkowe.pl/artykul/suka-bilgorajska-3902 |title=''Suka biłgorajska: Śladami zapomnianego instrumentu.'' Zbigniew Butryn |access-date=2025-03-15 |archive-date=2024-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241012114859/https://pismofolkowe.pl/artykul/suka-bilgorajska-3902 |url-status=live }}</ref> Играчка на саранги Марија Помиановска такоже интересовала се сукој и в роках 1990-х је наручила ју реконструовати. Она је научила се играти на тој версије суке. Потом она је работала над реконструованјем подобных инструментов, наприклад Милецка сука и Полоцкы гусље. С року 2010 она учи игру на гусљах в оддєлу инструментов Помиановској Краковској Музыкалној Академији. Онде она вкључно учи игру на суке и на Полоцкых гусљах.<ref name="MP"/> == Игранје == Инструмент кладе се на раме играча и држи се вертикално. Играје се техникој ногтев. Та информација извєстна од немца Мартина Агриколы, кторы је записал ју в XVI столєтју.<ref name=Agricola>{{Cite book | author = Martin Agricola | title = Musica instrumentalis dedsch erste und vierte Ausgabe | publisher = reprint w „Publikation alterer praktischer und teoretischer Musik-werke...”, Jahrgang 24, band 20, Leipzig 1896 | place = Wittemberg | date = 1528 |pages = 204}}</ref> == Източникы == {{Iztočniky}} {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q2670517}} [[Kategorija:Музикални инструменты]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2670517}} byn5xsqk2kt6dvcxq9qqwe76knlozd5 Japonske čislovniky 0 4636 27732 27709 2026-07-01T12:48:12Z Ilja isv 10 27732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{-|''Under construction''}} [[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]] {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}). ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}} ! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostny izgovor |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč(1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} {{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} bme93z3my6p89aswx8atmh8f59k2pn0 27733 27732 2026-07-01T12:48:48Z Ilja isv 10 /* Velike čisla */ 27733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{-|''Under construction''}} [[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]] {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}). ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}} ! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostny izgovor |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč (1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} {{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} r66n5zalyzhdsx60q5j68dzy0xedxja 27737 27733 2026-07-01T13:11:38Z Ilja isv 10 /* Druge tipy čisel */ 27737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{-|''Under construction''}} [[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]] {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}). ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}} ! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostny izgovor |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{translit|ja|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč (1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} {{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} jd93r694ftklewwtt5eyceoflc29mev 27738 27737 2026-07-01T13:12:04Z Ilja isv 10 /* Druge tipy čisel */ 27738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{-|''Under construction''}} [[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]] {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}). ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}} ! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostny izgovor |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{lang|en|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{lang|en|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč (1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} {{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} eo90500f335sgds0uc15ddnfcv6feo7 27755 27738 2026-07-01T15:03:01Z Ilja isv 10 27755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{-|''Under construction''}} [[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]] {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}). ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}} ! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostny izgovor |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{lang|en|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{lang|en|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč (1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} {{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} jlblc2vjt3q3joxkihakmy1w7ldu2mu 27756 27755 2026-07-01T15:03:52Z Ilja isv 10 /* Velike čisla */ 27756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{-|''Under construction''}} [[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]] {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}). ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}} ! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostny izgovor |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymy u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{lang|en|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{lang|en|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč (1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin proizhodet iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} {{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} evo67scjgxld36dnq79y33hylufxuyy 27770 27756 2026-07-01T17:17:31Z Ilja isv 10 /* */ 27770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{-|''Under construction''}} [[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]] {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}). ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}} ! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostny izgovor |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedny po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymi u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{lang|en|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{lang|en|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč (1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin proizhodet iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} {{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} a10v2ohxbcdfc6lsxv1z7nwz0ercvs7 27796 27770 2026-07-01T22:59:29Z Ilja isv 10 /* Čisla v japonskom jezyku */ 27796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{-|''Under construction''}} [[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]] {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}). ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}} ! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostny izgovor |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymi u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Ordinalny čislovnik|ordinalnyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{lang|en|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{lang|en|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč (1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin proizhodet iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} {{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} cvbm05lgwep5jnu9md8ebq2d6ltlha0 27797 27796 2026-07-01T23:02:11Z Ilja isv 10 /* Druge tipy čisel */ 27797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{-|''Under construction''}} [[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]] {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}). ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo čisel imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}} ! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostny izgovor |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymi u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Redny čislovnik|rednyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{lang|en|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{lang|en|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč (1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin proizhodet iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} {{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} nml7xdyrgu7792widp8h9jv0n1bqxmz 27798 27797 2026-07-01T23:04:06Z Ilja isv 10 /* Čisla v japonskom jezyku */ 27798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{-|''Under construction''}} [[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]] {{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajske hieroglify|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}). ==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]]. Věčšinstvo ifrimaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" ! Čislo ! Znak ! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}} ! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}</ref> ! Prědnostny izgovor |- | align="right" | [[0]] | {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}} | {{Nihongo||れい|rei}} | {{Nihongo||まる|maru}} | {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}}) |- | align="right" | [[1]] | {{lang|ja|一}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} | {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}} |- | align="right" | [[2]] | {{lang|ja|二}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} | {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||に|ni}} |- | align="right" | [[3]] | {{lang|ja|三}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} | {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||さん|san}} |- | align="right" | [[4]] | {{lang|ja|四}} | {{Nihongo||し|shi}} | {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||よん|yon}} |- | align="right" | [[5]] | {{lang|ja|五}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} | {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ご|go}} |- | align="right" | [[6]] | {{lang|ja|六}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} | {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}} |- | align="right" | [[7]] | {{lang|ja|七}} | {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}} | {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||なな|nana}} |- | align="right" | [[8]] | {{lang|ja|八}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} | {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}} |- | align="right" | [[9]] | {{lang|ja|九}} | {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} | {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}} | {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}} |- | align="right" | [[10]] | {{lang|ja|十}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} | {{Nihongo||とお|tō}} | {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}} |- | align="right" | [[20 (number)|20]] | {{lang|ja|二十}} | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} | {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}† | {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[30 (number)|30]] | {{lang|ja|三十}} | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} | {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}† | {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[40 (number)|40]] | {{lang|ja|四十}} | {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}† | {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[50 (number)|50]] | {{lang|ja|五十}} | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} | {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}† | {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[60 (number)|60]] | {{lang|ja|六十}} | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}† | {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[70 (number)|70]] | {{lang|ja|七十}} | {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}† | {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[80 (number)|80]] | {{lang|ja|八十}} | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} | {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}† | {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[90 (number)|90]] | {{lang|ja|九十}} | {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}} | {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}† | {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}} |- | align="right" | [[100]] | {{lang|ja|百}} | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}† | {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[500 (number)|500]] | {{lang|ja|五百}} | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} | {{Nihongo||いお|io}}† | {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[800 (number)|800]] | {{lang|ja|八百}} | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} | {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}† | {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}} |- | align="right" | [[1000 (number)|1,000]] | {{lang|ja|千}} | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} | {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}† | {{Nihongo||せん|sen}} |- | align="right" | [[10,000]] | {{lang|ja|万}} | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} | {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}† | {{Nihongo||まん|man}} |- | align="right" | [[100,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|億}} | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |— | {{Nihongo||おく|oku}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|兆}} | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |— | {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|京}} | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |— | {{Nihongo||けい|kei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]] | {{lang|ja|垓}} | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |— | {{Nihongo||がい|gai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>24</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|𥝱}} | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>28</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|穣}} | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |— | {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>32</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|溝}} | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |— | {{Nihongo||こう|kō}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>36</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|澗}} | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |— | {{Nihongo||かん|kan}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>40</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|正}} | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |— | {{Nihongo||せい|sei}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>44</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|載}} | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |— | {{Nihongo||さい|sai}} |- | align="right" | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10<sup>48</sup>]] | {{lang|ja|極}} | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |— | {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje "krugly" ili "krug". Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin "109"]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.</small> Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|"ichi, ni, san, shi,..."}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost. Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymi u japoncev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}). Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy: *desetky od 20 do 90 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}" kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}. *sotky od 200 do 900 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}". *tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut "(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}". Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}. Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} "šest" i {{lang|en|hyaku}} "sto" dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} "šestsot". {| class="wikitable" ! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000 |- | align="right" | 100 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}} | {{lang|en|nihyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}} | {{lang|en|yonhyaku}} | {{lang|en|gohyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|roppyaku}} | {{lang|en|nanahyaku}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|happyaku}} | {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}} |— |— |— |- | align="right" | 1,000 | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sen, issen}} | {{lang|en|nisen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|sanzen}} | {{lang|en|yonsen}} | {{lang|en|gosen}} | {{lang|en|rokusen}} | {{lang|en|nanasen}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hassen}} | {{lang|en|kyūsen}} | — | — | — |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|12}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|itchō}} | {{lang|en|nichō}} | {{lang|en|sanchō}} | {{lang|en|yonchō}} | {{lang|en|gochō}} | {{lang|en|rokuchō}} | {{lang|en|nanachō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hatchō}} | {{lang|en|kyūchō}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jutchō}}* | {{lang|en|hyakuchō}} | {{lang|en|issenchō}} |- | align="right" | 10{{sup|16}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|ikkei}} | {{lang|en|nikei}} | {{lang|en|sankei}} | {{lang|en|yonkei}} | {{lang|en|gokei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|rokkei}} | {{lang|en|nanakei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hakkei}} | {{lang|en|kyūkei}} | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|jukkei}}* | style="background: yellow" | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}** | {{lang|en|issenkei}} |} <small><nowiki>*</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.<br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.</small> V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|"dva"|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|"deset"|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|"dvadeset"|二十}}. {| class="wikitable" ! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor !Značenje |- | align="right" | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}} |deset i jedno |- | align="right" | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}} |deset i sedm |- | align="right" | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}} |sto, pet desetok i jedno |- | align="right" | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}} |tri sta i dva |- | align="right" | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}} |četyri, šest desetok i devet |- | align="right" | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}} |dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet |} ===Čislne redky i desetične čisla=== Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.<ref name=nhk-2005-2>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方(語形)について数字の読み方~小数の読み方~|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɾókɯ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲí]}}.<ref name=hirayama-1961>{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}</ref> Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.<ref name=nhk-2005-2/><ref name=hirayama-1961/> Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡodʑɯ́ː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲíː teɴ <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɲiː ɡóː <nowiki>|</nowiki> ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje "točka". ===Druge tipy čisel=== V japonskyh [[Redny čislovnik|rednyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako "jedin raz" bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a "prvy raz" bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}. Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{lang|en|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{lang|en|sangai}} može označati kako "tri etaže", tako i "tretji etaž." [[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}. == Stupnje 10 == === Velike čisla === Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč (1,000) <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Red |10{{sup|4}} |10{{sup|8}} |10{{sup|12}} |10{{sup|16}} |10{{sup|20}} |10{{sup|24}} |10{{sup|28}} |10{{sup|32}} |10{{sup|36}} |10{{sup|40}} |10{{sup|44}} |10{{sup|48}} |10{{sup|52}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}</small> |10{{sup|56}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}</small> |10{{sup|60}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}</small> |10{{sup|64}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}</small> |10{{sup|68}} <br /><small>{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}</small> |- align="center" !align="left"|Znak |{{lang|ja|万}} |{{lang|ja|億}} |{{lang|ja|兆}} |{{lang|ja|京}} |{{lang|ja|垓}} |{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}} |{{lang|ja|穣}} |{{lang|ja|溝}} |{{lang|ja|澗}} |{{lang|ja|正}} |{{lang|ja|載}} |{{lang|ja|極}} |{{lang|ja|恒河沙}} |{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}} |{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}} |{{lang|ja|不可思議}} |{{lang|ja|無量大数}} |- align="center" !align="left"|Izgovor |{{lang|en|man}} |{{lang|en|oku}} |{{lang|en|chō}} |{{lang|en|kei}} |{{lang|en|gai}} |{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}} |{{lang|en|jō}} |{{lang|en|kō}} |{{lang|en|kan}} |{{lang|en|sei}} |{{lang|en|sai}} |{{lang|en|goku}} |{{lang|en|gōgasha}} |{{lang|en|asōgi}} |{{lang|en|nayuta}} |{{lang|en|fukashigi}} |{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}} |}</div> Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas. Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin proizhodet iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙||gōgasha}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} ==Vnješnje linky== <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku) * {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}} * [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers] * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) * [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page) </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}} {{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}} [[Kategorija:Čisla]] [[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]] [[Kategorija:Čislovniky]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}} tccj5j76r4hfd2vzx4td1qffukaihdk Fajlova sistema 0 4653 27766 27729 2026-07-01T17:10:38Z Ilja isv 10 /* */ 27766 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fajlova sistema''' — jest poredok, ktory stavi metodu organizacije, hranjenja i imenovanja danyh na nositeljah informacije v kompjuterah i različnyh elektroničnyh aparatah kako cifrove fotoaparaty, mobilne telefony. Fajlova sistema stavi format vnutrnosti i metodu fizičnogo hranjenja informacije, ktoru obyčajno grupirujut kako fajly. Fajlova sistema naznačaje razmer imen fajlov i katalogov, maksimalny razmer fajla, fajlove atributy. {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q174989}} [[Kategorija:Fajlove sistemy]] 43gf53r33ivuczkgn4lxt9lw8jop3la 27777 27766 2026-07-01T17:38:31Z Chtabs 42 dodane linky 27777 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fajlova sistema''' — jest poredok, ktory stavi metodu organizacije, hranjenja i imenovanja danyh na nositeljah informacije v [[Kompjuter|kompjuterah]] i različnyh elektroničnyh aparatah kako cifrove fotoaparaty, mobilne telefony. Fajlova sistema stavi format vnutrnosti i metodu fizičnogo hranjenja informacije, ktoru obyčajno grupirujut kako [[Fajl|fajly]]. Fajlova sistema naznačaje razmer imen fajlov i katalogov, maksimalny razmer fajla, fajlove atributy. {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q174989}} [[Kategorija:Fajlove sistemy]] 3seny28afvso9apbh61d6ig6rwh5zs2 Shakira 0 4654 27734 2026-07-01T12:56:28Z ~2026-37533-18 353 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «[[Fajl:2023-11-16_Gala_de_los_Latin_Grammy,_03_(cropped)02.jpg|right|thumb|Shakira (2023)]] '''Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll''' (rodžena 2. februara 1977) je [[Kolumbija|kolumbijska]] spěvačka, avtorka pěsenj, tanečnica i filantropka. Rodžena i vospitana v gradu Barrankilja, ona je često nazyvana «Kraljiceju latinskoj muzyky» i je znana po svojej muzykalnoj raznolikosti.<ref name=":0">https://www.forbes.com/sites/andreazarczynski/2023/04/30/as...» 27734 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fajl:2023-11-16_Gala_de_los_Latin_Grammy,_03_(cropped)02.jpg|right|thumb|Shakira (2023)]] '''Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll''' (rodžena 2. februara 1977) je [[Kolumbija|kolumbijska]] spěvačka, avtorka pěsenj, tanečnica i filantropka. Rodžena i vospitana v gradu Barrankilja, ona je često nazyvana «Kraljiceju latinskoj muzyky» i je znana po svojej muzykalnoj raznolikosti.<ref name=":0">https://www.forbes.com/sites/andreazarczynski/2023/04/30/as-latin-music-booms-grammy-museum-honors-shakira/</ref> Svoj pervy muzykalny debut pod "Sony Music Colombia" ona iměla v vozrastě 13 lět,<ref>https://www.noticiascaracol.com/entretenimiento/momentos-que-convirtieron-a-shakira-en-estos-48-anos-en-una-estrella-mundial-rg10</ref> a s časom stala jednoju iz najuspěšnějših latinskoamerikanskyh spěvaček v istoriji.<ref name=":0" /> == Diskografija == * ''Magia'' (1991) * ''Peligro'' (1993) * ''Pies Descalzos'' (1995) * ''Dónde Están los Ladrones?'' (1998) * ''Laundry Service'' (2001) * ''Fijación Oral, Vol. 1'' (2005) * ''Oral Fixation, Vol. 2'' (2005) * ''She Wolf'' (2009) * ''Sale el Sol'' (2010) * ''Shakira'' (2014) * ''El Dorado'' (2017) * ''Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran'' (2024) == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} 32f8vwqxtsgt3k4lnaf4kiktppbs80n 27747 27734 2026-07-01T14:16:02Z IJzeren Jan 9 pravky, kat. 27747 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fajl:2023-11-16_Gala_de_los_Latin_Grammy,_03_(cropped)02.jpg|right|thumb|Shakira (2023)]] '''{{-|Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll|Шакира Исабел Мебарак Рипољ}}''' {{-| |({{Jezyky|es|Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll}})}} (rodžena 2. februara 1977) je [[Kolumbija|kolumbijska]] pěvica, avtorka pěsenj, tancorka i filantropka. Rodžena i vozpitana v gradu {{-|Barranquilla|Барранкиља}}, ona je često nazyvana «Kraliceju latinskoj muziky» i je znana po svojej muzikalnoj raznolikosti.<ref name=":0">https://www.forbes.com/sites/andreazarczynski/2023/04/30/as-latin-music-booms-grammy-museum-honors-shakira/</ref> Svoj prvy muzikalny debjut pod "{{-|Sony Music Colombia}}" ona iměla v vozrastě 13 lět,<ref>https://www.noticiascaracol.com/entretenimiento/momentos-que-convirtieron-a-shakira-en-estos-48-anos-en-una-estrella-mundial-rg10</ref> a s časom stala jednoju iz najuspěšnějših latinskoamerikanskyh pěvic v historiji.<ref name=":0" /> == Diskografija == * {{-|''Magia''}} (1991) * {{-|''Peligro''}} (1993) * {{-|''Pies Descalzos''}} (1995) * {{-|''Dónde Están los Ladrones?''}} (1998) * {{-|''Laundry Service''}} (2001) * {{-|''Fijación Oral, Vol. 1''}} (2005) * {{-|''Oral Fixation, Vol. 2''}} (2005) * {{-|''She Wolf''}} (2009) * {{-|''Sale el Sol''}} (2010) * {{-|''Shakira''}} (2014) * {{-|''El Dorado''}} (2017) * {{-|''Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran''}} (2024) == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Pěvci]] [[Kategorija:Kolumbijci]] 9mc0s089k6qq6xrrzjsdtwzf3f97idf 27748 27747 2026-07-01T14:19:34Z IJzeren Jan 9 iw 27748 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fajl:2023-11-16_Gala_de_los_Latin_Grammy,_03_(cropped)02.jpg|right|thumb|Shakira (2023)]] '''{{-|Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll|Шакира Исабел Мебарак Рипољ}}''' {{-| |({{Jezyky|es|Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll}})}} (rodžena 2. februara 1977) je [[Kolumbija|kolumbijska]] pěvica, avtorka pěsenj, tancorka i filantropka. Rodžena i vozpitana v gradu {{-|Barranquilla|Барранкиља}}, ona je često nazyvana «Kraliceju latinskoj muziky» i je znana po svojej muzikalnoj raznolikosti.<ref name=":0">https://www.forbes.com/sites/andreazarczynski/2023/04/30/as-latin-music-booms-grammy-museum-honors-shakira/</ref> Svoj prvy muzikalny debjut pod "{{-|Sony Music Colombia}}" ona iměla v vozrastě 13 lět,<ref>https://www.noticiascaracol.com/entretenimiento/momentos-que-convirtieron-a-shakira-en-estos-48-anos-en-una-estrella-mundial-rg10</ref> a s časom stala jednoju iz najuspěšnějših latinskoamerikanskyh pěvic v historiji.<ref name=":0" /> == Diskografija == * {{-|''Magia''}} (1991) * {{-|''Peligro''}} (1993) * {{-|''Pies Descalzos''}} (1995) * {{-|''Dónde Están los Ladrones?''}} (1998) * {{-|''Laundry Service''}} (2001) * {{-|''Fijación Oral, Vol. 1''}} (2005) * {{-|''Oral Fixation, Vol. 2''}} (2005) * {{-|''She Wolf''}} (2009) * {{-|''Sale el Sol''}} (2010) * {{-|''Shakira''}} (2014) * {{-|''El Dorado''}} (2017) * {{-|''Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran''}} (2024) == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Muzikanti]] [[Kategorija:Kolumbijci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q34424}} 7g1katkau0gpec3iu86cwkyupemm55i Himalaje 0 4655 27739 2026-07-01T13:49:24Z Karbutaroshik 59 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «Хималаје сут највысше [[Гора|горы]] [[Земја|Земје]].» 27739 wikitext text/x-wiki Хималаје сут највысше [[Гора|горы]] [[Земја|Земје]]. s32jq0d01o339z4nul6l4fu2sqd81ba 27740 27739 2026-07-01T13:49:38Z Karbutaroshik 59 27740 wikitext text/x-wiki Хималаје ([[санскрит]]: हिमालय, himālaya, [[хинди]]: हिमालय, [[непалскы]]: हिमालय, [[Китајскы језык|китајскы]]: 喜馬拉雅山脈) сут највысше [[Гора|горы]] [[Земја|Земје]]. Ланцух Хималајев лежи в јужној [[Азија|Азији]], имаје 2,5 тыс. км должины и около 250 км ширины. Складаје се из трєх главных ступњев: [[Велике Хималаје]], [[Мале Хималаје]] и [[Сивалик]]. Хималаје вкључајут в себе боље од полсотње, каке прєвышајут 7200 метров в вышину, вкључно десет из четыринадсети врхов досегајут до 8000 метров. Горы, кторе прєвышајут 8000 метров, створјајут Велике Хималаје, у кторых најменше врхы имајут вышину боље од 4000 метров. С изтока Велике Хималаје граничет с долиноју [[Брахмапутра|Брахмапутры]], а с запада с [[Инд|Индом]]. Горы Малых Хималајев досегајут вышины 2400 метров, толико на западу возвышајут се на 4000 метров. Најнизша ступењ Сивалик тегне се воздолж всеј системы од Брахмапутры до Инда, а јего вышина не прєвышаје 2000 метров. Хималаје возникли в резултату субдикције [[Индијска тектанична плита|Индијској тектаничној плиты]] под [[Евразијска плита|Евразијскоју плитоју]], горны масив тегне се с запада и југозапада на изток и југоизток, створјајучи дугу должиноју 2400 км<ref>Wadia, D. N. (1931), ''«The syntaxis of the northwest Himalaya: its rocks, tectonics and orogeny»''. Record Geol. Survey of India, 65 (2). — С. 189—220.</ref>. Западны пункт Хималајев јест гора Нангапарбат, лежи на југу од најјужнєјшего сгыбанја рєкы Јарлунг-Цангло, то јест врхны поток рєкы Брахмапутра. Хималаје граничет на југозападу с горными масивами Каракарум и Хиндукуш. На југу горны ланцух јест оддєљены од тибетского плата долиноју сутурай Индо-Цангло. hgmiqe2hjmgci3hud75ou7xo7xzjvi6 27751 27740 2026-07-01T14:40:41Z Karbutaroshik 59 27751 wikitext text/x-wiki Хималаје ([[санскрит]]: हिमालय, himālaya, [[хинди]]: हिमालय, [[непалскы]]: हिमालय, [[Китајскы језык|китајскы]]: 喜馬拉雅山脈) сут највысше [[Гора|горы]] [[Земја|Земје]]. Ланцух Хималајев лежи в јужној [[Азија|Азији]], имаје 2,5 тыс. км должины и около 250 км ширины. Складаје се из трєх главных ступњев: [[Велике Хималаје]], [[Мале Хималаје]] и [[Сивалик]]. Хималаје вкључајут в себе боље од полсотње, каке прєвышајут 7200 метров в вышину, вкључно десет из четыринадсети врхов досегајут до 8000 метров. Горы, кторе прєвышајут 8000 метров, створјајут Велике Хималаје, у кторых најменше врхы имајут вышину боље од 4000 метров. С изтока Велике Хималаје граничет с долиноју [[Брахмапутра|Брахмапутры]], а с запада с [[Инд|Индом]]. Горы Малых Хималајев досегајут вышины 2400 метров, толико на западу возвышајут се на 4000 метров. Најнизша ступењ Сивалик тегне се воздолж всеј системы од Брахмапутры до Инда, а јего вышина не прєвышаје 2000 метров. Хималаје возникли в резултату субдикције [[Индијска тектанична плита|Индијској тектаничној плиты]] под [[Евразијска плита|Евразијскоју плитоју]], горны масив тегне се с запада и југозапада на изток и југоизток, створјајучи дугу должиноју 2400 км<ref>Wadia, D. N. (1931), ''«The syntaxis of the northwest Himalaya: its rocks, tectonics and orogeny»''. Record Geol. Survey of India, 65 (2). — С. 189—220.</ref>. Западны пункт Хималајев јест гора Нангапарбат, лежи на југу од најјужнєјшего сгыбанја рєкы Јарлунг-Цангло, то јест врхны поток рєкы Брахмапутра. Хималаје граничет на југозападу с горными масивами Каракарум и Хиндукуш. На југу горны ланцух јест оддєљены од тибетского плата долиноју сутурай Индо-Цангло<ref>Valdiya, K. S. (1998), ''«Dynamic Himalaya»''. Hyderabad. Universities Press.</ref>. В Хималајах проживаје 52,7 милионов чловєк<ref>Apollo, M. (2017). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313849476_The_population_of_Himalayan_regions_-_by_the_numbers_Past_present_and_future ''«The population of Himalayan regions – by the numbers: Past, present and future»'']. Contemporary Studies in Environment and Tourism. Частка 9. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. — С. 143—159.</ref> и разпростираје се на пети државах, то [[Бутан]], [[Китај]], [[Индија]], [[Непал]] и [[Пакистан]]. Хиндукуш, кторы находи се в [[Афганистан|Афганистану]]<ref>[https://study.com/academy/answer/is-hindu-kush-a-part-of-the-himalayas.html ''«Is Hindu Kush a part of the Himalayas?»''] Study.com.</ref>, и Кгакабарази, кторы находи се в Мјанмару, обычно не вкључајут в Хималаје, але они входет в велику Хималајско-Хиндукушевску рєчну систему. К основным рєкам Хималајев односи се Инд, Ганг и Брахмапутра, каке имајут свој почеток в Хималајах. В басейну тутых рєк проживаје около 600 милионов чловєк. Хималаје оказывајут глубокы влив на климат региона, помагајучи сдрживати мусонне дожде на Индијској равнинє и ограничивати коликост опадков на тибетском плата. Хималаје сформовали културу индијского субконтинента, и многе хималајске врхы числет се светыми в таких религијах, ако индуизм, будизм и джајнизм. == Източникы == r80l6ex4h8ivqqlp5bffczddtdybn15 27837 27751 2026-07-02T08:51:08Z Karbutaroshik 59 27837 wikitext text/x-wiki Хималаје ([[санскрит]]: हिमालय, himālaya, [[хинди]]: हिमालय, [[непалскы]]: हिमालय, [[Китајскы језык|китајскы]]: 喜馬拉雅山脈) сут највысше [[Гора|горы]] [[Земја|Земје]]. Ланцух Хималајев лежи в јужној [[Азија|Азији]], имаје 2,5 тыс. км должины и около 250 км ширины. Складаје се из трєх главных ступњев: [[Велике Хималаје]], [[Мале Хималаје]] и [[Сивалик]]. Хималаје вкључајут в себе боље од полсотње, каке прєвышајут 7200 метров в вышину, вкључно десет из четыринадсети врхов досегајут до 8000 метров. Горы, кторе прєвышајут 8000 метров, створјајут Велике Хималаје, у кторых најменше врхы имајут вышину боље од 4000 метров. С изтока Велике Хималаје граничет с долиноју [[Брахмапутра|Брахмапутры]], а с запада с [[Инд|Индом]]. Горы Малых Хималајев досегајут вышины 2400 метров, толико на западу возвышајут се на 4000 метров. Најнизша ступењ Сивалик тегне се воздолж всеј системы од Брахмапутры до Инда, а јего вышина не прєвышаје 2000 метров. Хималаје возникли в резултату субдикције [[Индијска тектанична плита|Индијској тектаничној плиты]] под [[Евразијска плита|Евразијскоју плитоју]], горны масив тегне се с запада и југозапада на изток и југоизток, створјајучи дугу должиноју 2400 км<ref>Wadia, D. N. (1931), ''«The syntaxis of the northwest Himalaya: its rocks, tectonics and orogeny»''. Record Geol. Survey of India, 65 (2). — С. 189—220.</ref>. Западны пункт Хималајев јест гора Нангапарбат, лежи на југу од најјужнєјшего сгыбанја рєкы Јарлунг-Цангло, то јест врхны поток рєкы Брахмапутра. Хималаје граничет на југозападу с горными масивами Каракарум и Хиндукуш. На југу горны ланцух јест оддєљены од тибетского плата долиноју сутурай Индо-Цангло<ref>Valdiya, K. S. (1998), ''«Dynamic Himalaya»''. Hyderabad. Universities Press.</ref>. В Хималајах проживаје 52,7 милионов чловєк<ref>Apollo, M. (2017). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313849476_The_population_of_Himalayan_regions_-_by_the_numbers_Past_present_and_future ''«The population of Himalayan regions – by the numbers: Past, present and future»'']. Contemporary Studies in Environment and Tourism. Частка 9. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. — С. 143—159.</ref> и разпростираје се на пети државах, то [[Бутан]], [[Китај]], [[Индија]], [[Непал]] и [[Пакистан]]. Хиндукуш, кторы находи се в [[Афганистан|Афганистану]]<ref>[https://study.com/academy/answer/is-hindu-kush-a-part-of-the-himalayas.html ''«Is Hindu Kush a part of the Himalayas?»''] Study.com.</ref>, и Кгакабарази, кторы находи се в Мјанмару, обычно не вкључајут в Хималаје, але они входет в велику Хималајско-Хиндукушевску рєчну систему. К основным рєкам Хималајев односи се Инд, Ганг и Брахмапутра, каке имајут свој почеток в Хималајах. В басейну тутых рєк проживаје около 600 милионов чловєк. Хималаје оказывајут глубокы влив на климат региона, помагајучи сдрживати мусонне дожде на Индијској равнинє и ограничивати коликост опадков на тибетском плата. Хималаје сформовали културу индијского субконтинента, и многе хималајске врхы числет се светыми в таких религијах, ако индуизм, будизм и джајнизм. == Геологична структура == Почеткова формованје Хималајев почело се в Олигоцену, подчас алпијсого горовозникненја. Складајут се из кристалных скал, прєважно гранитов. днешње иде интенсивна ерозија: горне обрушанја и оползње одбывајут се велми често. == Източник == su9i3q0s72qhsmxslstrli7lw06ag46 27838 27837 2026-07-02T08:51:47Z Karbutaroshik 59 27838 wikitext text/x-wiki Хималаје ([[санскрит]]: हिमालय, himālaya, [[хинди]]: हिमालय, [[непалскы]]: हिमालय, [[Китајскы језык|китајскы]]: 喜馬拉雅山脈) сут највысше [[Гора|горы]] [[Земја|Земје]]. Ланцух Хималајев лежи в јужној [[Азија|Азији]], имаје 2,5 тыс. км должины и около 250 км ширины. Складаје се из трєх главных ступњев: [[Велике Хималаје]], [[Мале Хималаје]] и [[Сивалик]]. Хималаје вкључајут в себе боље од полсотње, каке прєвышајут 7200 метров в вышину, вкључно десет из четыринадсети врхов досегајут до 8000 метров. Горы, кторе прєвышајут 8000 метров, створјајут Велике Хималаје, у кторых најменше врхы имајут вышину боље од 4000 метров. С изтока Велике Хималаје граничет с долиноју [[Брахмапутра|Брахмапутры]], а с запада с [[Инд|Индом]]. Горы Малых Хималајев досегајут вышины 2400 метров, толико на западу возвышајут се на 4000 метров. Најнизша ступењ Сивалик тегне се воздолж всеј системы од Брахмапутры до Инда, а јего вышина не прєвышаје 2000 метров. Хималаје возникли в резултату субдикције [[Индијска тектанична плита|Индијској тектаничној плиты]] под [[Евразијска плита|Евразијскоју плитоју]], горны масив тегне се с запада и југозапада на изток и југоизток, створјајучи дугу должиноју 2400 км<ref>Wadia, D. N. (1931), ''«The syntaxis of the northwest Himalaya: its rocks, tectonics and orogeny»''. Record Geol. Survey of India, 65 (2). — С. 189—220.</ref>. Западны пункт Хималајев јест гора Нангапарбат, лежи на југу од најјужнєјшего сгыбанја рєкы Јарлунг-Цангло, то јест врхны поток рєкы Брахмапутра. Хималаје граничет на југозападу с горными масивами Каракарум и Хиндукуш. На југу горны ланцух јест оддєљены од тибетского плата долиноју сутурай Индо-Цангло<ref>Valdiya, K. S. (1998), ''«Dynamic Himalaya»''. Hyderabad. Universities Press.</ref>. В Хималајах проживаје 52,7 милионов чловєк<ref>Apollo, M. (2017). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313849476_The_population_of_Himalayan_regions_-_by_the_numbers_Past_present_and_future ''«The population of Himalayan regions – by the numbers: Past, present and future»'']. Contemporary Studies in Environment and Tourism. Частка 9. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. — С. 143—159.</ref> и разпростираје се на пети државах, то [[Бутан]], [[Китај]], [[Индија]], [[Непал]] и [[Пакистан]]. Хиндукуш, кторы находи се в [[Афганистан|Афганистану]]<ref>[https://study.com/academy/answer/is-hindu-kush-a-part-of-the-himalayas.html ''«Is Hindu Kush a part of the Himalayas?»''] Study.com.</ref>, и Кгакабарази, кторы находи се в Мјанмару, обычно не вкључајут в Хималаје, але они входет в велику Хималајско-Хиндукушевску рєчну систему. К основным рєкам Хималајев односи се Инд, Ганг и Брахмапутра, каке имајут свој почеток в Хималајах. В басейну тутых рєк проживаје около 600 милионов чловєк. Хималаје оказывајут глубокы влив на климат региона, помагајучи сдрживати мусонне дожде на Индијској равнинє и ограничивати коликост опадков на тибетском плата. Хималаје сформовали културу индијского субконтинента, и многе хималајске врхы числет се светыми в таких религијах, ако индуизм, будизм и джајнизм. == Геологична структура == Почеткова формованје Хималајев почело се в Олигоцену, подчас алпијсого горовозникненја. Складајут се из кристалных скал, прєважно гранитов. днешње иде интенсивна ерозија: горне обрушанја и оползње одбывајут се велми често. == Климат == Хималаје оддєљајут Индо-Ганговску низину од Тибета. Лєтом тут одбывајут се мочне опадкы. Сєверне вплывы находет се в зонє континенталного климата, хладного и сухого. Высоко в горах температура падаје до −25&#x20;°C летом, зимоју до −40&#x20;°C. Често одбывајут се ураганне вєтры быстростју аж до 150 км/г и нагле измєны погоды. == Източник == tsnsq3gwcn12gs86jp8k7juik8de30x Norton Commander 0 4656 27741 2026-07-01T14:05:17Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{Kartka programa|tip=[[Fajlovy menedžer]]|razrabotniky=[[John Socha-Leialoha]], [[Symantec Corporation]]|avtor=[[John Socha-Leialoha]]|jezyky programovanja=[[C]], [[Asembler]]|operacijne sistemy=[[DOS]]|aparatna platforma=[[PC]]|poslědna versija=5.51|data poslědnjej versije=1 Julija 1998|licencija=proprietarna}} '''Norton Commander''' — jest fajlovy menedžer za [[DOS]]. Napisal tutu programu John Socha, a publikovala ju organizacija Peter Nor...» 27741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka programa|tip=[[Fajlovy menedžer]]|razrabotniky=[[John Socha-Leialoha]], [[Symantec Corporation]]|avtor=[[John Socha-Leialoha]]|jezyky programovanja=[[C]], [[Asembler]]|operacijne sistemy=[[DOS]]|aparatna platforma=[[PC]]|poslědna versija=5.51|data poslědnjej versije=1 Julija 1998|licencija=proprietarna}} '''Norton Commander''' — jest fajlovy menedžer za [[DOS]]. Napisal tutu programu John Socha, a publikovala ju organizacija [[Peter Norton Computing]], ktora potom je byla kupjena korporacijej [[Symantec Corporation]]. {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q776479}} [[Kategorija:Fajlove menedžery]] [[Kategorija:Softver za DOS]] hmj1k2st6zpz0hy4ji1erqy796cwc7x Kategorija:Fajlove menedžery 14 4657 27742 2026-07-01T14:05:53Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{INTERWIKI|qid=Q7483189}}» 27742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q7483189}} dqyaqqxwjf6lz7v4huvuyqyai80z3nq Kategorija:Softver za DOS 14 4658 27743 2026-07-01T14:06:16Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{INTERWIKI|qid=Q7032177}}» 27743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q7032177}} tnle6dp96hna98zng8k70xbroha33x8 Шакира 0 4659 27749 2026-07-01T14:20:21Z IJzeren Jan 9 Prěnapravjenje stranice na [[Shakira]] 27749 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Shakira]] [[Kategorija:Музиканти]] [[Kategorija:Колумбијци]] 7i6o5ztoa2fdme6v1thm6xi3veksbof Šablon:Kartka Videoigrova serija 10 4660 27757 2026-07-01T15:59:35Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{Kartka | title = {{#if: {{{nazva|}}} | {{{nazva}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} | obrazok1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logotip|}}}|center=yes}} | obrazok2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{ekranovy snimok|{{{screenshot|}}}}}}|title={{{podpis|{{{opis|}}}}}}|center=yes}} | label_zsanry = Žanry | data_zsanry = {{{žanry|}}} | label_razrabotcziky = Razrabotčiky | data_razrabotcziky = {{{razrabotcziky|}}} | label_tvorcy = Tv...» 27757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka | title = {{#if: {{{nazva|}}} | {{{nazva}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} | obrazok1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logotip|}}}|center=yes}} | obrazok2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{ekranovy snimok|{{{screenshot|}}}}}}|title={{{podpis|{{{opis|}}}}}}|center=yes}} | label_zsanry = Žanry | data_zsanry = {{{žanry|}}} | label_razrabotcziky = Razrabotčiky | data_razrabotcziky = {{{razrabotcziky|}}} | label_tvorcy = Tvorcy | data_tvorcy = {{{tvorcy|}}} | label_izdatelji = Izdatelji | data_izdatelji = {{{izdatelji|}}} | label_platformy = Platformy | data_platformy = {{{platformy|}}} | label_igromotory = Igrove motory | data_igromotory = {{{igromotory|}}} | label_prvaigra = Prva igra | data_prvaigra = {{{prvaigra|}}} | label_poslednaigra = Poslědna igra | data_poslednaigra = {{{poslednaigra|}}} | label_materinskaserija = Materinska serija | data_materinskaserija = {{{materinskaserija|}}} | label_oficialnysajt = Oficialny sajt | data_oficialnysajt = {{{oficialnysajt|}}} }}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} {{INTERWIKI|Q6852666}} </noinclude> mvgyj1itokms7128c5zndgntyrjzh2b 27758 27757 2026-07-01T16:22:21Z Chtabs 42 27758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka | autoheaders = 1 | bodyclass = vcard | title = {{#if: {{{nazva|}}} | {{{nazva}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} | obrazok1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logotip|}}}|center=yes}} | obrazok2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{ekranovy snimok|{{{screenshot|}}}}}}|title={{{podpis|{{{opis|}}}}}}|center=yes}} | label_zsanry = Žanry | data_zsanry = {{{žanry|}}} | label_razrabotcziky = Razrabotčiky | data_razrabotcziky = {{{razrabotcziky|}}} | label_tvorcy = Tvorcy | data_tvorcy = {{{tvorcy|}}} | label_izdatelji = Izdatelji | data_izdatelji = {{{izdatelji|}}} | label_platformy = Platformy | data_platformy = {{{platformy|}}} | label_igromotory = Igrove motory | data_igromotory = {{{igromotory|}}} | label_prvaigra = Prva igra | data_prvaigra = {{{prvaigra|}}} | label_poslednaigra = Poslědna igra | data_poslednaigra = {{{poslednaigra|}}} | label_materinskaserija = Materinska serija | data_materinskaserija = {{{materinskaserija|}}} | label_oficialnysajt = Oficialny sajt | data_oficialnysajt = {{{oficialnysajt|}}} }}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} {{INTERWIKI|Q6852666}} </noinclude> b3eeyeoiilxgysag5n74822jzlofdcf 27761 27758 2026-07-01T16:28:03Z Chtabs 42 27761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka | autoheaders = 1 | bodyclass = vcard | title = {{#if: {{{nazva|}}} | {{{nazva}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logotip|}}}|center=yes}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{ekranovy snimok|{{{screenshot|}}}}}}|title={{{podpis|{{{opis|}}}}}}|center=yes}} | label1 = Žanry | data1 = {{{žanry|}}} | label2 = Razrabotčiky | data2 = {{{razrabotcziky|}}} | label3 = Tvorcy | data3 = {{{tvorcy|}}} | label4 = Izdatelji | data_izdatelji = {{{izdatelji|}}} | label5 = Platformy | data5 = {{{platformy|}}} | label6 = Igrove motory | data6 = {{{igromotory|}}} | label7 = Prva igra | data7 = {{{prvaigra|}}} | label8 = Poslědna igra | data8 = {{{poslednaigra|}}} | label9 = Materinska serija | data9 = {{{materinskaserija|}}} | label10 = Oficialny sajt | data10 = {{{oficialnysajt|}}} }}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} {{INTERWIKI|Q6852666}} </noinclude> ixjk6zjmv20sozzwvopcj1qdofz9seg 27764 27761 2026-07-01T16:45:57Z Chtabs 42 27764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka | autoheaders = 1 | bodyclass = vcard | title = {{#if: {{{nazva|}}} | {{{nazva}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logotip|}}}|center=yes}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{ekranovy snimok|{{{screenshot|}}}}}}|title={{{podpis|{{{opis|}}}}}}|center=yes}} | label1 = Žanry | data1 = {{{žanry|}}} | label2 = Razrabotčiky | data2 = {{{razrabotcziky|}}} | label3 = Tvorcy | data3 = {{{tvorcy|}}} | label4 = Izdatelji | data4 = {{{izdatelji|}}} | label5 = Platformy | data5 = {{{platformy|}}} | label6 = Igrove motory | data6 = {{{igromotory|}}} | label7 = Prva igra | data7 = {{{prvaigra|}}} | label8 = Poslědna igra | data8 = {{{poslednaigra|}}} | label9 = Materinska serija | data9 = {{{materinskaserija|}}} | label10 = Oficialny sajt | data10 = {{{oficialnysajt|}}} }}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} {{INTERWIKI|Q6852666}} </noinclude> lkg0hfbfaof6ekvglf24dtuct4i0vk9 27792 27764 2026-07-01T22:38:52Z IJzeren Jan 9 male pravky 27792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka | autoheaders = 1 | bodyclass = vcard | title = {{#if: {{{nazva|}}} | {{{nazva}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logotip|}}}|center=yes}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{ekranovy snimok|{{{screenshot|}}}}}}|title={{{podpis|{{{opis|}}}}}}|center=yes}} | label1 = Žanry | data1 = {{{žanry|}}} | label2 = Razrabotniki | data2 = {{{razrabotniki|}}} | label3 = Tvorci | data3 = {{{tvorci|}}} | label4 = Izdatelji | data4 = {{{izdatelji|}}} | label5 = Platformy | data5 = {{{platformy|}}} | label6 = Igrove motory | data6 = {{{igromotory|}}} | label7 = Prva igra | data7 = {{{prvaigra|}}} | label8 = Poslědna igra | data8 = {{{poslednaigra|}}} | label9 = Materinska serija | data9 = {{{materinskaserija|}}} | label10 = Oficialny sajt | data10 = {{{oficialnysajt|}}} }}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} {{INTERWIKI|Q6852666}} </noinclude> j4g7p9l913fh4qzccyhfdt2qr0he5q4 Electronic Arts 0 4661 27765 2026-07-01T17:02:20Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «'''Electronic Arts''' (skraščeno '''EA''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Sity ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment ima...» 27765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Electronic Arts''' (skraščeno '''EA''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Sity ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''Amazin' Software''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdaje Electronic Arts == EA jest osnovna trgova marka Electronic Arts pod ktoroju organizacija izdaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdaje EA: * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] k9waqs1d81jwk3i2pgp3298yn2n5g12 27828 27765 2026-07-02T06:57:08Z Ilja isv 10 27828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Sity ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts == EA jest osnovna trgova marka Electronic Arts pod ktoroju organizacija izdaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje EA: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} chwpxm5qthbipm81aeg6dku0o0c6fc5 27829 27828 2026-07-02T06:59:22Z Ilja isv 10 /* Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts */ 27829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Sity ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} f63ojoxz7ewgkeh7m106bk1ypi0c6pq 27830 27829 2026-07-02T07:00:04Z Ilja isv 10 /* Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts */ 27830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Sity ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} ip6exmkrryabg1o4pplboujadi5gph4 27852 27830 2026-07-02T10:06:03Z Ilja isv 10 27852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budova centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = Zri [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|Spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = Zri {{Electronic Arts#section link||Struktura kompanije}} | website = {{-|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Sity ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} tf4qnghsrtj0eeh4kzl6drrne8rhe9v 27853 27852 2026-07-02T10:06:45Z Ilja isv 10 27853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budova centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = Zri [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|Spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = Zri [[Electronic Arts#section link||Struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Sity ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} fjgdqjx19gil8etylfsys49c72b68ul 27854 27853 2026-07-02T10:07:38Z Ilja isv 10 27854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budova centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = Zri [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|Spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = Zri [[Electronic Arts#section link||Struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Sity ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} 6rux12kgbqgz7pucebc1p2u8ezk1wqt 27856 27854 2026-07-02T10:08:39Z Ilja isv 10 27856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budova centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|Spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = [[Electronic Arts#section link||Struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Sity ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} ahgzsut1t2pbc8jtaz3wjmmurj9vgys 27857 27856 2026-07-02T10:09:46Z Ilja isv 10 27857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budova centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]|[[Trip Hawkins|Трип Хокинс]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|Spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = [[Electronic Arts#section link||Struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Sity ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} szdpwwo19belao3k2q3p97dbg7i3yed 27858 27857 2026-07-02T10:11:15Z Ilja isv 10 27858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budynok centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]|[[Trip Hawkins|Трип Хокинс]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|Spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = [[Electronic Arts#section link||Struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Sity ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} 0gzet51jfa30fxprgtre098xu8k9r07 27859 27858 2026-07-02T10:11:41Z Ilja isv 10 27859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budynok centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]|[[Trip Hawkins|Трип Хокинс]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|Spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = [[Electronic Arts#section link||Struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Siti ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} l408r1rl5ao3y88lts4x0vmw4ipngdh 27860 27859 2026-07-02T10:12:37Z Ilja isv 10 27860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budynok centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]|[[Trip Hawkins|Трип Хокинс]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|Spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = [[Electronic Arts#section link|Struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Siti ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} gppyrtoxwi8j65m9k0c2vpzudibtkgy 27861 27860 2026-07-02T10:13:09Z Ilja isv 10 27861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budynok centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]|[[Trip Hawkins|Трип Хокинс]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = [[Electronic Arts#section link|struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|https://www.ea.com/|ea.com}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Siti ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} 7kve8s08fr390adfxou8kju07ejzu62 27862 27861 2026-07-02T10:14:00Z Ilja isv 10 27862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budynok centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]|[[Trip Hawkins|Трип Хокинс]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = [[Electronic Arts#section link|struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|https://www.ea.com/ea.com}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Siti ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} qo4f9ldq1qiu8jo7p2yzt24rg9b77jy 27863 27862 2026-07-02T10:15:39Z Ilja isv 10 27863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budynok centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]|[[Trip Hawkins|Трип Хокинс]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = [[Electronic Arts#section link|struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|[https://www.ea.com ea.com]}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Siti ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} jv6q3eedm749lv5qz6l8uzcuqxbyfdr 27864 27863 2026-07-02T10:16:34Z Ilja isv 10 27864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budynok centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]|[[Trip Hawkins|Трип Хокинс]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = [[Electronic Arts#section link|struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|[https://www.ea.com ea.com]}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Siti ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} {{Prěvod|en|Electronic Arts}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} lahbzez0vwtf5ualujtyj7lncjwjylo 27865 27864 2026-07-02T10:17:16Z Ilja isv 10 27865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=July 2026}} {{Kartka firma | name = {{-|Electronic Arts Inc.}} | logo = Electronic Arts Logo Blue.svg | logo_class = logo-nobg | image = [[Fajl:Electronic Arts Redwood City May 2011.jpg|center|Budynok centraly {{-|EA}} v Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija, maj 2011]] | image_caption = The EA headquarters building at Redwood City, California, in May 2011 | type = [[Publična kompanija]] | traded_as = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|EA}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[List of S&P 500 companies|S&P 500]] component}}}} | industry = [[Industrija videoigr|Videoigry]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1982|05|27}} v [[San Mateo]], [[Kalifornija]], SŠA | founder = {{-|[[Trip Hawkins]]|[[Trip Hawkins|Трип Хокинс]]}} | hq_location_city = [[Redvud-Siti, Kalifornija]] | hq_location_country = SŠA | area_served = Cělosvětno | key_people = {{Unbulleted list | {{-|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Andrew Wilson]]|[[Andrew Wilson (businessman)|Ендрjу Вилсон]]}} {{nowrap|([[generalny direktor]] i [[prědsednik]])}} | {{-|[[Laura Miele]]|[[Laura Miele|Лаура Миле]]}} {{nowrap|([[Prezident (biznes)|prezidentka]] {{-|EA Entertainment}})}} | {{-|Cam Weber|Кам Вебер}} {{nowrap|(prezident {{-|[[EA Sports]]}})}} }} | products = [[Electronic Arts#Serije igr, ktore izdavaje Electronic Arts|spisok igr {{-|Electronic Arts}}]] | revenue = {{-|US$}} 7.46&nbsp;miliardov | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{-|US$}} 1.52&nbsp;miliard | income_year = 2025 | net_income = {{-|US$}} 1.12&nbsp;miliard | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{-|US$}} 12.4&nbsp;miliardov | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{-|US$}} 6.39&nbsp;miliardov | equity_year = 2025 | owner = | num_employees = okolo 14,500 | num_employees_year = 2025 | divisions = {{-|{{Unbulleted list|EA Entertainment|[[EA Sports]]}}}} | subsidiaries = [[Electronic Arts#section link|struktura kompanije]] | website = {{-|[https://www.ea.com ea.com]}} | footnotes = Finansove ukazatelje na 31 mareca 2025.<ref name="sec-filing">{{cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Electronic Arts (EA) Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |access-date=June 26, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529211013/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251525000022/ea-20250331.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2025 }}</ref> }} '''{{-|Electronic Arts}}''' (skraščeno '''{{-|EA}}''') — [[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|amerikanska]] transnacionalna korporacija, ktora reklamuje i izdaje kompjuterne [[Videoigra|videoigry]]. Bazuje se v Redvud-Siti ({{Jezyky|en|Redwood City}}), štat Kalifornija. == Historija == Organizacija je byla osnovana 28 maja 1982 leta Tripom Hokinsom ({{Jezyky|en|William Murray Hawkins III}}) i je byla jednoj iz prvyh v igrovoj industrije. Organizacija v toj moment imala ime ''{{-|Amazin' Software}}''. Startovy kapital je byl iz svojih finansov Hokinsa i je byl 200 000 dolarov SŠA. == Serije igr, ktore izdavaje {{-|Electronic Arts}} == {{-|EA}} jest osnovna trgova marka {{-|Electronic Arts}} pod ktoroju organizacija izdavaje igry. Spisok serij igr, ktore izdavala i izdavaje {{-|EA}}: <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> * American McGee’s Alice * Army of Two * Battlefield * BattleForge * Burnout * Command & Conquer * Crysis * Dante's Inferno * Dead Space * Def Jam * Dragon Age * Dungeon Keeper * EA Sports FC * F1 Challenge 99–02 * FIFA * Fight Night * The Godfather: The Game * Harry Potter * James Bond * Little Big Adventure * Lord of the Rings * Madden NFL * [[Mass Effect]] * Medal of Honor * Mirror's Edge * NASCAR * Need for Speed * NHL * Plan B Crew * Populous * Real Racing * Rock Band * Shank * SimCity * The Sims * Spore * Star Wars * SimRacing * Syndicate * Tiger Woods * Titanfall * UFC * Ultima * Wing Commander </div> == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} {{Prěvod|en|Electronic Arts}} [[Kategorija:Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] [[Kategorija:Firma]] {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q173941}} f2wbvuw6xzl4jz855b2fz9lzamq220w Kategorija:Fajlove sistemy 14 4662 27771 2026-07-01T17:24:01Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{INTERWIKI|qid=Q6859779}} [[Kategorija:Skladišče kompjuternyh danyh]] [[Kategorija:Fajly]] [[Kategorija:Informacijne sistemy]]» 27771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q6859779}} [[Kategorija:Skladišče kompjuternyh danyh]] [[Kategorija:Fajly]] [[Kategorija:Informacijne sistemy]] 6ie4k6kxvrxuvwntd6werwxs73qp844 Kategorija:Informacijne sistemy 14 4663 27772 2026-07-01T17:25:12Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{INTERWIKI|qid=Q8548782}} [[Kategorija:Informacijne tehnologije]]» 27772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q8548782}} [[Kategorija:Informacijne tehnologije]] ieejkf1h0pzfl5hop8x87osl1pvwozm Kategorija:Fajly 14 4664 27773 2026-07-01T17:27:43Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{INTERWIKI|qid=Q8450938}} [[Kategorija:Skladišče kompjuternyh danyh]]» 27773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q8450938}} [[Kategorija:Skladišče kompjuternyh danyh]] klwkhwsrry7s41unimmz9pliqn3e329 Kategorija:Skladišče kompjuternyh danyh 14 4665 27774 2026-07-01T17:30:13Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{INTERWIKI|qid=Q7163205}} [[Kategorija:Hranjenje informacije]]» 27774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q7163205}} [[Kategorija:Hranjenje informacije]] fru9q2j56wblsdhmyq4wyckdksz1045 Kategorija:Hranjenje informacije 14 4666 27775 2026-07-01T17:32:38Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{INTERWIKI|qid=Q6484154}} [[Kategorija:Informacijna nauka]]» 27775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q6484154}} [[Kategorija:Informacijna nauka]] a42ohbks1vi4eh8tgv0xvda75l0bzer Kategorija:Informacijna nauka 14 4667 27776 2026-07-01T17:36:13Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{INTERWIKI|qid=Q6491658}} [[Kategorija:Informacija]]» 27776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q6491658}} [[Kategorija:Informacija]] 1cmj3li7otxb0363xwo4tp6mmrjdzo1 Fajl 0 4668 27778 2026-07-01T17:52:04Z Chtabs 42 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «'''Fajl''' ({{Jezyky|en|file}}) — jest nazva za kolekciju danyh, ktore organizovane sut s pomočju nektoroj abstrakcije. Ta abstrakcija imaje nazvu [[fajlova sistema]]. Fajly upotrebjajut se za zapisyvanje na informacijne nositelji. Različne tipy kompjuternyh fajlov mogut imati razne naznačenja: dokument, tablica, obrazok, video ili programa ili sodržati vsečto razom. Bazovo fajly mogut imati ime, za dostup do njih od juzera, i takože put. Dod...» 27778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fajl''' ({{Jezyky|en|file}}) — jest nazva za kolekciju danyh, ktore organizovane sut s pomočju nektoroj abstrakcije. Ta abstrakcija imaje nazvu [[fajlova sistema]]. Fajly upotrebjajut se za zapisyvanje na informacijne nositelji. Različne tipy kompjuternyh fajlov mogut imati razne naznačenja: dokument, tablica, obrazok, video ili programa ili sodržati vsečto razom. Bazovo fajly mogut imati ime, za dostup do njih od juzera, i takože put. Dodatno fajly mogut imati različe atributy: čas stvorjenja juzerom, informaciju o tipu fajla, dozvoljenja na čitanje/zapisyvanje i tako dalje. {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q82753}} d5o1lyc2kwiw29x7ufq86j4iekwkort 27779 27778 2026-07-01T17:52:46Z Chtabs 42 Dodane kategorije 27779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fajl''' ({{Jezyky|en|file}}) — jest nazva za kolekciju danyh, ktore organizovane sut s pomočju nektoroj abstrakcije. Ta abstrakcija imaje nazvu [[fajlova sistema]]. Fajly upotrebjajut se za zapisyvanje na informacijne nositelji. Različne tipy kompjuternyh fajlov mogut imati razne naznačenja: dokument, tablica, obrazok, video ili programa ili sodržati vsečto razom. Bazovo fajly mogut imati ime, za dostup do njih od juzera, i takože put. Dodatno fajly mogut imati različe atributy: čas stvorjenja juzerom, informaciju o tipu fajla, dozvoljenja na čitanje/zapisyvanje i tako dalje. {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q82753}} [[Kategorija:Fajly]] [[Kategorija:Fajlove sistemy]] gk826cslmgwf911j39zi2p0nuyfanvk 27783 27779 2026-07-01T18:11:24Z Chtabs 42 Pravka grešky vo slovah. 27783 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fajl''' ({{Jezyky|en|file}}) — jest nazva za kolekciju danyh, ktore organizovane sut s pomočju nektoroj abstrakcije. Ta abstrakcija imaje nazvu [[fajlova sistema]]. Fajly upotrebjajut se za zapisyvanje na informacijne nositelji. Različne tipy kompjuternyh fajlov mogut imati razne naznačenja: dokument, tablica, obrazok, video ili programa ili sodržati vsečto razom. Bazovo fajly mogut imati ime, za dostup do njih od juzera, i takože put. Dodatno fajly mogut imati različne atributy: čas stvorjenja juzerom, informaciju o tipu fajla, dozvoljenja na čitanje/zapisyvanje i tako dalje. {{INTERWIKI|qid=Q82753}} [[Kategorija:Fajly]] [[Kategorija:Fajlove sistemy]] q9chjun9gma9wpn6g7un8yx4ytgc8ie Pablo Pikaso 0 4669 27800 2026-07-02T00:41:58Z Svalbarðseyri 361 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[File:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljto | birth_name = Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné d...» 27800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[File:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljto | birth_name = Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins]], Francija | resting_place = [[Château Vauvenargues]] | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] <!--{{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|title=glas Pablo Pikaso|type=speech|description=Zvuk byl zapisany v 1960h lětah}} udělajte něčto tu--> }} Pablo Pikaso byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španija]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} byiew3oyrb91dtwfy5bobibndz2zjim 27801 27800 2026-07-02T00:46:08Z Svalbarðseyri 361 kategorija byla popravjena 27801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[File:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljto | birth_name = Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins]], Francija | resting_place = [[Château Vauvenargues]] | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] <!--{{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|title=glas Pablo Pikaso|type=speech|description=Zvuk byl zapisany v 1960h lětah}} udělajte něčto tu--> }} Pablo Pikaso byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} sxtwyi87erv3uoo7e90qnokjouuo6ec 27805 27801 2026-07-02T01:52:13Z Svalbarðseyri 361 dodany baner kratky članok 27805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[File:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljto | birth_name = Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins]], Francija | resting_place = [[Château Vauvenargues]] | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] <!--{{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|title=glas Pablo Pikaso|type=speech|description=Zvuk byl zapisany v 1960h lětah}} udělajte něčto tu--> }} Pablo Pikaso byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} lbzvz70b83tgzvyamy87scu15jxa5bp 27806 27805 2026-07-02T01:57:51Z Svalbarðseyri 361 dodane lěta života 27806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[File:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljto | birth_name = Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins]], Francija | resting_place = [[Château Vauvenargues]] | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] <!--{{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|title=glas Pablo Pikaso|type=speech|description=Zvuk byl zapisany v 1960h lětah}} udělajte něčto tu--> }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 92thy3rwzcftxw46jxnwfuthh7yigyj 27810 27806 2026-07-02T05:40:00Z Ilja isv 10 27810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[File:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins]], Francija | resting_place = [[Château Vauvenargues]] | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] <!--{{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|title=glas Pablo Pikaso|type=speech|description=Zvuk byl zapisany v 1960h lětah}} udělajte něčto tu--> }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} pjeqo3w4s4g9lwdslacbe3f2oz9ln0n 27811 27810 2026-07-02T05:40:35Z Ilja isv 10 27811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = <center>[[File:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]]</center> | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins]], Francija | resting_place = [[Château Vauvenargues]] | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] <!--{{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|title=glas Pablo Pikaso|type=speech|description=Zvuk byl zapisany v 1960h lětah}} udělajte něčto tu--> }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 4juysqdep1lgbnm5fwfzzso7nvp01hd 27812 27811 2026-07-02T05:41:04Z Ilja isv 10 27812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[File:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins]], Francija | resting_place = [[Château Vauvenargues]] | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] <!--{{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|title=glas Pablo Pikaso|type=speech|description=Zvuk byl zapisany v 1960h lětah}} udělajte něčto tu--> }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} ql7zn0gkwqjusyeh6pu9mo0yrvlehip 27813 27812 2026-07-02T05:43:34Z Ilja isv 10 27813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[File:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] {{Zvuk|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|title=glas Pablo Pikaso|type=speech|description=Zvuk byl zapisany v 1960h lětah}} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} n0z6fe72euhpt2g229lynheuzblebwc 27814 27813 2026-07-02T05:45:32Z Ilja isv 10 27814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[File:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes |signature = Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg |module = {{Zvuk|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|title=Pablo Picasso's voice|type=speech|description=Recorded c. 1960s}} }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} q6ew0hh9of665fpbyrcn2z7qogw9e04 27815 27814 2026-07-02T05:46:06Z Ilja isv 10 27815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg]] |module = {{Zvuk|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|title=Pablo Picasso's voice|type=speech|description=Recorded c. 1960s}} }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} lbpsgd2jk1tj4hhw2c05hflbj9my1t2 27816 27815 2026-07-02T05:47:06Z Ilja isv 10 27816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes | name = Glas Pabla Pikasa |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg]] |module = {{Zvuk|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|title=Pablo Picasso's voice|type=speech|description=Recorded c. 1960s}} }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} q538gli02ewbv3z59tn7vde2cye7tgr 27817 27816 2026-07-02T05:49:52Z Ilja isv 10 27817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes | name = Glas Pabla Pikasa |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg]] |module = [[Fajl|center|embed=yes|10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|Glas Pabla Pikasa, zapisany v 1960-h lětah]] }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} ea5msxsh3dubs20p9612yj55gb78e3d 27818 27817 2026-07-02T05:50:32Z Ilja isv 10 27818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes | name = Glas Pabla Pikasa |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg]] |module = [[Fajl|10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|center|Glas Pabla Pikasa, zapisany v 1960-h lětah]] }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} cypo1g3yr7792s4kvp6ecwy03cp6crl 27819 27818 2026-07-02T05:51:13Z Ilja isv 10 27819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes | name = Glas Pabla Pikasa |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg]] |module = [[Fajl:10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|center|Glas Pabla Pikasa, zapisany v 1960-h lětah]] }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} b2kjp2qs3n8i903cakvytrzvoljobza 27820 27819 2026-07-02T05:52:02Z Ilja isv 10 27820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes | name = Glas Pabla Pikasa |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg|frameless]] |module = [[Fajl:10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|center|Glas Pabla Pikasa, zapisany v 1960-h lětah]] }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} rieygdorbguheo8p2gaiw9w23l7kp38 27821 27820 2026-07-02T05:55:30Z Ilja isv 10 27821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|es|Pablo Picasso}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes | name = Glas Pabla Pikasa |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg|frameless]] |module = [[Fajl:10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|center|Glas Pabla Pikasa, zapisany v 1960-h lětah]] }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Pablo_Picasso|«Pablo Picasso»]]'' ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' <ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 166k26tf18puec9c9qkos0ql4pfo50y 27822 27821 2026-07-02T06:00:20Z Ilja isv 10 27822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|es|Pablo Picasso}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes | name = Glas Pabla Pikasa |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg|frameless]] |module = [[Fajl:10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|center|Glas Pabla Pikasa, zapisany v 1960-h lětah]] }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == <!--<ref name="brit1">-->{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}<!--</ref>--> <!--<ref name="tate1">-->{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}<!--</ref>--> <!--<ref name="grove1">-->{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}<!--</ref>--> {{Prěvod|en|Pablo Picasso}} [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Pikaso, Pablo}} {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} hvv27832lhxc8kzqa7e8h3yrwe985h8 27823 27822 2026-07-02T06:01:01Z Ilja isv 10 27823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|es|Pablo Picasso}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes | name = Glas Pabla Pikasa |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg|frameless]] |module = [[Fajl:10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|center|Glas Pabla Pikasa, zapisany v 1960-h lětah]] }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1"/>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1"/>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1"/> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} <!--<ref name="brit1">-->{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}<!--</ref>--> <!--<ref name="tate1">-->{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}<!--</ref>--> <!--<ref name="grove1">-->{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}<!--</ref>--> {{Prěvod|en|Pablo Picasso}} [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Pikaso, Pablo}} {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 4g7njkwtwlupc4ftifi45xpqd51v66a 27824 27823 2026-07-02T06:04:57Z Ilja isv 10 27824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|es|Pablo Picasso}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes | name = Glas Pabla Pikasa |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg|frameless]] |module = [[Fajl:10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|center|Glas Pabla Pikasa, zapisany v 1960-h lětah]] }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} {{Prěvod|en|Pablo Picasso}} [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Pikaso, Pablo}} {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 92xwcg6gry3tyrb2s88jgp3hf3znlxn 27825 27824 2026-07-02T06:06:41Z Ilja isv 10 27825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|es|Pablo Picasso}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes | name = Glas Pabla Pikasa |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg|frameless]] |module = [[Fajl:10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|center|Glas Pabla Pikasa, zapisany v 1960-h lětah]] }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == <references/> {{Prěvod|en|Pablo Picasso}} [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Pikaso, Pablo}} {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 76e9bp8l5v9lxylwrf47pmr1ssfdw5t 27826 27825 2026-07-02T06:07:09Z Ilja isv 10 Odčinjenje versije [[Special:Diff/27825|27825]] od koristnika [[Special:Contributions/Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[User talk:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 27826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data = July 2026}} {{Kartka osoba | name = Pablo Pikaso | native_name = <center>{{Jezyky|es|Pablo Picasso}}</center> | image = [[Fajl:Pablo_picasso_1.jpg|250px|center|Pikaso v 1962|alt=Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu]] | caption = Pikaso v 1962 | alt = Černo-běla fotografija Pikaso v paljtu | birth_name = {{-|Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso}}<ref name="CatRez">{{cite book |last1=Daix |first1=Pierre |title=Picasso, 1900–1906: catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint |year=1988 |publisher=Editions Ides et Calendes |pages=1–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNGAQAAIAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1881|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Málaga|Malaga]], Španija | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|8|1881|10|25}} | death_place = [[Mougins|Mužen]], Francija | resting_place = {{-|[[Château Vauvenargues]]}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|43.554142|5.604438|region:FR-13_type:landmark}} | field = Umětnik | training = {{plainlist| * {{-|[[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]]}}}} | years_active = 1897–1973 | movement = [[Kubizm]], [[Surealizm]] | module = {{Kartka osoba|child = yes | name = Glas Pabla Pikasa |signature = [[Fajl:Picasso Signatur-DuMont 1977.svg|frameless]] |module = [[Fajl:10 PABLO PICASO.ogg|center|Glas Pabla Pikasa, zapisany v 1960-h lětah]] }} }} '''Pablo Pikaso''' (rodženy 25 oktobra 1881, umrl 8 aprila 1973) byl špansky umětnik. Jest on uvažany za jednogo od umětnikov dvadesetogo stolětja, ktori imajut najboljši vliv<ref name="brit1">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |title=Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the most-influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. Among his best-known works are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1909) and Guernica (1937).|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260321030745/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pablo-Picasso |archive-date=21 March 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pablo Pikaso jest proslavjeny kako ko-osnovatelj kubizmu i osnovatelj umětnickoj formy asembljaža<ref name="tate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |title=Sculpture, Tate |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110502/http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=267 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pikaso jest načel nauku umětnosti kogdy imal je sedem lět i od dětinstva ukazal je nevěrojetne sposobnosti. Umětnost Pikasa je široko periodizovana. Razděljajut<ref name="grove1">{{cite web |url=https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |title=Pablo Picasso Periods: A Timeline, Grove Gallery |access-date=2 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808204110/https://grovegallery.com/en-es/blogs/articles/pablo-picasso-periods-a-timeline |archive-date=8 August 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> jego rannji period (1899–1900), nebesky period (1901–1904), roževy period (1904–1906), africky period (1907–1909), analiticky kubizm (1909–1912), sinteticky kubizm (1913–1925), surealizm (1919–1929) a umětnost časov graždanskoj vojny (1930–1939). == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} {{Prěvod|en|Pablo Picasso}} [[Kategorija:Umětniky i arhitekty]] [[Kategorija:Španci]] [[Kategorija:Surealizm]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Pikaso, Pablo}} {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 92xwcg6gry3tyrb2s88jgp3hf3znlxn Besěda:Informatika 1 4670 27804 2026-07-02T01:37:05Z Svalbarðseyri 361 /* O čemu jest tutoj članok */ nova sekcija 27804 wikitext text/x-wiki == O čemu jest tutoj članok == Ne mogu cělo urazumeti o čemu jest tutoj članok. Naozaj mogu skazati tako že v tutom članku je dost malo bezposrědnje ob informatike. Polovica (glavy "Metody i paradigmy programovanja", "Najpopularnějše sučasne jezyky programovanja", "Učenje i nauka programovanja") tutogo članka izgledala by mnogo lěpje kakoby byla čestju članka [[Programovanje]]. Druga polovica (glava "Oblasty programovanja", ne věm začto tako se imenuje) izgledala by mnogo lěpje kakoby byla čestju članka [[Umětna inteligencija]]. Zato myslim že potrebuje prěpisanje. Mogu se tutym zajeti, ako nikto ne imaje ničto proti. [[Koristnik:Svalbarðseyri|Svalbarðseyri]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Svalbarðseyri|besěda]]) 03:37, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) 6cn61cj9f1m0us2t8q97ycxhrpxcxko Besěda:Математика 1 4671 27807 2026-07-02T02:27:47Z Svalbarðseyri 361 /* LaTeX jest cělo slomjeny */ nova sekcija 27807 wikitext text/x-wiki == LaTeX jest cělo slomjeny == Sintaksis jest v poredku, ale render ne funguje. Bazove izměny wikitexta (<math>, dodanje šablona) ne dělajut. Prošu najdti kaky je problem. [[Koristnik:Svalbarðseyri|Svalbarðseyri]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Svalbarðseyri|besěda]]) 04:27, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) pm1sr84tmbvmtxvi29m485nnbapnwj8 Besěda s koristnikom:Sauit 3 4672 27833 2026-07-02T08:23:26Z IJzeren Jan 9 /* Добродошли! */ nova sekcija 27833 wikitext text/x-wiki == Добродошли! == {{Dobrodošli}} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:23, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) fcso3zjdwdmcu3e49ja1g49qv62m8wo Šablon:Kartka firma 10 4673 27834 2026-07-02T08:36:59Z Ilja isv 10 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{Kartka | bodyclass = ib-company vcard | templatestyles = Infobox company/styles.css | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | decat = yes | titleclass = fn org | titlestyle = font-size: 125%; | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | '''Kompanija''' | {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | imageclass = ib-company-logo logo | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | {{{logo|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB...» 27834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka | bodyclass = ib-company vcard | templatestyles = Infobox company/styles.css | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | decat = yes | titleclass = fn org | titlestyle = font-size: 125%; | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | '''Kompanija''' | {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | imageclass = ib-company-logo logo | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | {{{logo|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P154 |name=logo |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=no |noicon=yes |maxvals=1 |{{{logo|}}} }}--> }} |size={{{logo_size|}}} |sizedefault=frameless |upright={{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{logo_alt|}}} |class= {{{logo_class|}}} |maxsize=250px}} | caption = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{{image|}}} |size={{{image_size|}}} |upright={{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{image_alt|}}} }} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | label1 = [[Trgova nazva]] | data1 = {{{trade_name|}}} | label2 = Originalna nazva | data2 = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}} | {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}} | {{lang|{{{native_name_lang}}}|{{{native_name}}} }} | {{{native_name}}} }} }} | label3 = Nazva [[Latinica|latiniceju]] | data3 = {{{romanized_name|}}} | label4 = Raněje | class4 = nickname | data4 = {{if empty|{{{former_names|}}}|{{{former_name|}}}}} | label5 = Tip | class5 = category | data5 = {{{type|}}} | label6 = [[Tiker]] | data6 = {{{traded_as|}}} | label7 = [[Medžunarodno identifikacijno čislo na cenne papiry|{{-|ISIN}}]] | data7 = {{{ISIN|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P946 |name=ISIN |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{ISIN|}}} }}--> | label8 = Odvětva | class8 = category | data8 = {{{industry|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P452 |name=industry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{industry|}}} }}--> | label9 = Žanr | class9 = category | data9 = {{{genre|}}} | label10 = Prědhodnik{{#if:{{{predecessors|}}}|y}} | data10 = {{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P155 |name=predecessor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}} }}--> | label11 = Zaregistrovana | data11 = {{{incorporated|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1001 |name=incorporated |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{incorporated|}}} }}--> | label12 = Osnovana | data12 = {{{founded|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P571 |name=founded |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes | {{{founded|}}} }}--> | label13 = Osnovatelj{{#if:{{{founders|}}}|i}} | class13 = agent | data13 = {{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P112 |name=founder |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}} }}--> | label14 = Prěstavjena | data14 = {{{defunct|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P576 |name=defunct |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{defunct|}}} }}--> | label15 = Sudba | data15 = {{{fate|}}} | label16 = Nastupnik{{#if:{{{successors|}}}|y}} | data16 = {{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P156 |name=successor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}} }}--> | label17 = Centrala | class17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}} | label | adr}} | data17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}}{{{hq_location_city|}}}{{{hq_location_country|}}} | {{Plosky spisok | 1 = {{{hq_location|}}} | 2 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_city|}}} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality"> {{{hq_location_city|}}}</div>}} | 3 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_country|}}} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name"> {{{hq_location_country|}}}</div>}} }} | <!--{{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}--> | <!--{{Comma separated entries | 1 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=headquarters location |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} | 2 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=countrry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} }}--> }} }} | label19 = Čislo odděljenij | data19 = {{{num_locations|}}}{{#if:{{{num_locations_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_locations_year}}}) }} | label20 = Obsluživajem{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|e|y}} region{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|y}} served}} | data20 = {{if empty|{{{areas_served|}}}|{{{area_served|}}}}} | label21 = Rukovoditelji | class21 = agent | data21 = {{{key_people|}}} | label22 = Produkty | data22 = {{{products|}}} | label23 = Production output | data23 = {{#if:{{{production|}}} | {{{production|}}}{{#if:{{{production_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{production_year}}}) }} }} | label24 = Brendy | data24 = {{{brands|}}} | label25 = Uslugy | class25 = category | data25 = {{{services|}}} | label26 = Obrat | data26 = {{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2139 |name=revenue |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }} }}--> | label27 = [[EBIT|EBIT]] | data27 = {{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P3362 |name=operating_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }} }}--> | label28 = [[Čisty dohod]] | data28 = {{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2295 |name=net_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }} }}--> | label29 = [[Aktivy pod upravoju]] | data29 = {{{aum|}}} | label30 = {{nowrap|[[Aktiv (biznes)|Vsego aktivov]]}} | data30 = {{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2403 |name=assets |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }} }}--> | label31 = {{nowrap|[[Vlastny kapital (finansy)|Kapitalizacija]]}} | data31 = {{#if:{{{equity|}}} | {{{equity}}}{{#if:{{{equity_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{equity_year}}})}} }} | label32 = Vlastnik{{#if:{{{owners|}}}|i}} | data32 = {{if empty|{{{owners|}}}|{{{owner|}}}}} | label33 = Učestniky | data33 = {{{num_members|}}}{{#if:{{{num_members_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_members_year|}}})}} | label34 = Počet služebnikov | data34 = {{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1128 |name=num_employees |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }} }}--> | label35 = [[Materska kompanija]] | data35 = {{{parent|}}}<!--{{#ifeq:{{{owners|}}}{{{owner|}}}{{{parent|}}} || {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P749 |name=parent |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes }} | {{{parent|}}} }}--> | label36 = [[Podrazděljenje (biznes)|Podrazděljenja]] | data36 = {{{divisions|}}} | label37 = [[Dočerska kompanija|Dočerske kompanije]] | data37 = {{{subsidiaries|}}} | data39 = {{{module|}}} | label40 = [[Basel III|Koeficient kapitala]] | data40 = {{{ratio|}}} | label41 = Ocenka | data41 = {{{rating|}}} | label42 = Vebsajt | data42 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}| {{{website|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |url2 |url={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P856 |name=website |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced=yes |maxvals=1}} }}--> }} | below = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} | '''Primětky'''{{break}}{{{footnotes}}} }} }}<!-- --><noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude> 1975ehr3nsa848yvbkboc2dshnz6f3e 27835 27834 2026-07-02T08:43:09Z Ilja isv 10 27835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka | bodyclass = ib-company vcard | templatestyles = Infobox company/styles.css | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | decat = yes | titleclass = fn org | titlestyle = font-size: 125%; | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | '''Kompanija''' | {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | imageclass = ib-company-logo logo | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | {{{logo|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P154 |name=logo |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=no |noicon=yes |maxvals=1 |{{{logo|}}} }}--> }} |size={{{logo_size|}}} |sizedefault=frameless |upright={{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{logo_alt|}}} |class= {{{logo_class|}}} |maxsize=250px}} | caption = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{{image|}}} |size={{{image_size|}}} |upright={{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{image_alt|}}} }} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | label1 = [[Trgova nazva]] | data1 = {{{trade_name|}}} | label2 = Originalna nazva | data2 = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}} | {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}} | {{lang|{{{native_name_lang}}}|{{{native_name}}} }} | {{{native_name}}} }} }} | label3 = Nazva [[Latinica|latiniceju]] | data3 = {{{romanized_name|}}} | label4 = Raněje | class4 = nickname | data4 = {{if empty|{{{former_names|}}}|{{{former_name|}}}}} | label5 = Tip | class5 = category | data5 = {{{type|}}} | label6 = [[Tiker]] | data6 = {{{traded_as|}}} | label7 = [[Medžunarodno identifikacijno čislo na cenne papiry|{{-|ISIN}}]] | data7 = {{{ISIN|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P946 |name=ISIN |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{ISIN|}}} }}--> | label8 = Odvětva | class8 = category | data8 = {{{industry|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P452 |name=industry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{industry|}}} }}--> | label9 = Žanr | class9 = category | data9 = {{{genre|}}} | label10 = Prědhodnik{{#if:{{{predecessors|}}}|y}} | data10 = {{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P155 |name=predecessor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}} }}--> | label11 = Zaregistrovana | data11 = {{{incorporated|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1001 |name=incorporated |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{incorporated|}}} }}--> | label12 = Osnovana | data12 = {{{founded|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P571 |name=founded |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes | {{{founded|}}} }}--> | label13 = Osnovatelj{{#if:{{{founders|}}}|i}} | class13 = agent | data13 = {{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P112 |name=founder |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}} }}--> | label14 = Prěstavjena | data14 = {{{defunct|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P576 |name=defunct |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{defunct|}}} }}--> | label15 = Sudba | data15 = {{{fate|}}} | label16 = Nastupnik{{#if:{{{successors|}}}|y}} | data16 = {{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P156 |name=successor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}} }}--> | label17 = Centrala | class17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}} | label | adr}} | data17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}}{{{hq_location_city|}}}{{{hq_location_country|}}} | {{Plosky spisok | 1 = {{{hq_location|}}} | 2 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_city|}}} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality"> {{{hq_location_city|}}}</div>}} | 3 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_country|}}} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name"> {{{hq_location_country|}}}</div>}} }} | <!--{{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} | {{Comma separated entries | 1 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=headquarters location |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} | 2 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=countrry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} }} }}--> }} | label19 = Čislo odděljenij | data19 = {{{num_locations|}}}{{#if:{{{num_locations_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_locations_year}}}) }} | label20 = Obsluživajem{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|e|y}} region{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|y}} served}} | data20 = {{if empty|{{{areas_served|}}}|{{{area_served|}}}}} | label21 = Rukovoditelji | class21 = agent | data21 = {{{key_people|}}} | label22 = Produkty | data22 = {{{products|}}} | label23 = Production output | data23 = {{#if:{{{production|}}} | {{{production|}}}{{#if:{{{production_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{production_year}}}) }} }} | label24 = Brendy | data24 = {{{brands|}}} | label25 = Uslugy | class25 = category | data25 = {{{services|}}} | label26 = Obrat | data26 = {{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2139 |name=revenue |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }} }}--> | label27 = [[EBIT|EBIT]] | data27 = {{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P3362 |name=operating_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }} }}--> | label28 = [[Čisty dohod]] | data28 = {{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2295 |name=net_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }} }}--> | label29 = [[Aktivy pod upravoju]] | data29 = {{{aum|}}} | label30 = {{nowrap|[[Aktiv (biznes)|Vsego aktivov]]}} | data30 = {{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2403 |name=assets |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }} }}--> | label31 = {{nowrap|[[Vlastny kapital (finansy)|Kapitalizacija]]}} | data31 = {{#if:{{{equity|}}} | {{{equity}}}{{#if:{{{equity_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{equity_year}}})}} }} | label32 = Vlastnik{{#if:{{{owners|}}}|i}} | data32 = {{if empty|{{{owners|}}}|{{{owner|}}}}} | label33 = Učestniky | data33 = {{{num_members|}}}{{#if:{{{num_members_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_members_year|}}})}} | label34 = Počet služebnikov | data34 = {{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1128 |name=num_employees |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }} }}--> | label35 = [[Materska kompanija]] | data35 = {{{parent|}}}<!--{{#ifeq:{{{owners|}}}{{{owner|}}}{{{parent|}}} || {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P749 |name=parent |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes }} | {{{parent|}}} }}--> | label36 = [[Podrazděljenje (biznes)|Podrazděljenja]] | data36 = {{{divisions|}}} | label37 = [[Dočerska kompanija|Dočerske kompanije]] | data37 = {{{subsidiaries|}}} | data39 = {{{module|}}} | label40 = [[Basel III|Koeficient kapitala]] | data40 = {{{ratio|}}} | label41 = Ocenka | data41 = {{{rating|}}} | label42 = Vebsajt | data42 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}| {{{website|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |url2 |url={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P856 |name=website |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced=yes |maxvals=1}} }}--> }} | below = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} | '''Primětky'''{{break}}{{{footnotes}}} }} <!-- --><noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude> p8mbndubcb9x4xevaxh0s12wj4jwzea 27839 27835 2026-07-02T09:09:58Z Ilja isv 10 27839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka | bodyclass = ib-company vcard | templatestyles = Kartka firma/styles.css | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | decat = yes | titleclass = fn org | titlestyle = font-size: 125%; | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | '''Kompanija''' | {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | imageclass = ib-company-logo logo | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | {{{logo|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P154 |name=logo |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=no |noicon=yes |maxvals=1 |{{{logo|}}} }}--> }} |size={{{logo_size|}}} |sizedefault=frameless |upright={{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{logo_alt|}}} |class= {{{logo_class|}}} |maxsize=250px}} | caption = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{{image|}}} |size={{{image_size|}}} |upright={{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{image_alt|}}} }} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | label1 = [[Trgova nazva]] | data1 = {{{trade_name|}}} | label2 = Originalna nazva | data2 = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}} | {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}} | {{lang|{{{native_name_lang}}}|{{{native_name}}} }} | {{{native_name}}} }} }} | label3 = Nazva [[Latinica|latiniceju]] | data3 = {{{romanized_name|}}} | label4 = Raněje | class4 = nickname | data4 = {{if empty|{{{former_names|}}}|{{{former_name|}}}}} | label5 = Tip | class5 = category | data5 = {{{type|}}} | label6 = [[Tiker]] | data6 = {{{traded_as|}}} | label7 = [[Medžunarodno identifikacijno čislo na cenne papiry|{{-|ISIN}}]] | data7 = {{{ISIN|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P946 |name=ISIN |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{ISIN|}}} }}--> | label8 = Odvětva | class8 = category | data8 = {{{industry|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P452 |name=industry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{industry|}}} }}--> | label9 = Žanr | class9 = category | data9 = {{{genre|}}} | label10 = Prědhodnik{{#if:{{{predecessors|}}}|y}} | data10 = {{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P155 |name=predecessor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}} }}--> | label11 = Zaregistrovana | data11 = {{{incorporated|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1001 |name=incorporated |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{incorporated|}}} }}--> | label12 = Osnovana | data12 = {{{founded|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P571 |name=founded |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes | {{{founded|}}} }}--> | label13 = Osnovatelj{{#if:{{{founders|}}}|i}} | class13 = agent | data13 = {{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P112 |name=founder |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}} }}--> | label14 = Prěstavjena | data14 = {{{defunct|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P576 |name=defunct |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{defunct|}}} }}--> | label15 = Sudba | data15 = {{{fate|}}} | label16 = Nastupnik{{#if:{{{successors|}}}|y}} | data16 = {{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P156 |name=successor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}} }}--> | label17 = Centrala | class17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}} | label | adr}} | data17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}}{{{hq_location_city|}}}{{{hq_location_country|}}} | {{Plosky spisok | 1 = {{{hq_location|}}} | 2 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_city|}}} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality"> {{{hq_location_city|}}}</div>}} | 3 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_country|}}} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name"> {{{hq_location_country|}}}</div>}} }} <!--| {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} | {{Comma separated entries | 1 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=headquarters location |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} | 2 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=countrry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} }} }}--> }} | label19 = Čislo odděljenij | data19 = {{{num_locations|}}}{{#if:{{{num_locations_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_locations_year}}}) }} | label20 = Obsluživajem{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|e|y}} region{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|y}} | data20 = {{if empty|{{{areas_served|}}}|{{{area_served|}}}}} | label21 = Rukovoditelji | class21 = agent | data21 = {{{key_people|}}} | label22 = Produkty | data22 = {{{products|}}} | label23 = Production output | data23 = {{#if:{{{production|}}} | {{{production|}}}{{#if:{{{production_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{production_year}}}) }} }} | label24 = Brendy | data24 = {{{brands|}}} | label25 = Uslugy | class25 = category | data25 = {{{services|}}} | label26 = Obrat | data26 = {{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2139 |name=revenue |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }} }}--> | label27 = [[EBIT|EBIT]] | data27 = {{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P3362 |name=operating_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }} }}--> | label28 = [[Čisty dohod]] | data28 = {{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2295 |name=net_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }} }}--> | label29 = [[Aktivy pod upravoju]] | data29 = {{{aum|}}} | label30 = {{nowrap|[[Aktiv (biznes)|Vsego aktivov]]}} | data30 = {{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2403 |name=assets |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }} }}--> | label31 = {{nowrap|[[Vlastny kapital (finansy)|Kapitalizacija]]}} | data31 = {{#if:{{{equity|}}} | {{{equity}}}{{#if:{{{equity_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{equity_year}}})}} }} | label32 = Vlastnik{{#if:{{{owners|}}}|i}} | data32 = {{if empty|{{{owners|}}}|{{{owner|}}}}} | label33 = Učestniky | data33 = {{{num_members|}}}{{#if:{{{num_members_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_members_year|}}})}} | label34 = Počet služebnikov | data34 = {{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1128 |name=num_employees |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }} }}--> | label35 = [[Materska kompanija]] | data35 = {{{parent|}}}<!--{{#ifeq:{{{owners|}}}{{{owner|}}}{{{parent|}}} || {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P749 |name=parent |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes }} | {{{parent|}}} }}--> | label36 = [[Podrazděljenje (biznes)|Podrazděljenja]] | data36 = {{{divisions|}}} | label37 = [[Dočerska kompanija|Dočerske kompanije]] | data37 = {{{subsidiaries|}}} | data39 = {{{module|}}} | label40 = [[Basel III|Koeficient kapitala]] | data40 = {{{ratio|}}} | label41 = Ocenka | data41 = {{{rating|}}} | label42 = Vebsajt | data42 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}| {{{website|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |url2 |url={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P856 |name=website |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced=yes |maxvals=1}} }}--> }} | below = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} | '''Primětky'''{{break}}{{{footnotes}}} }} }}<!-- --><noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude> 3efj5le191uye61hlt3okoq2su0fmwv 27840 27839 2026-07-02T09:12:24Z Ilja isv 10 27840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka | bodyclass = ib-company vcard | templatestyles = Kartka firma/styles.css | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | decat = yes | titleclass = fn org | titlestyle = font-size: 125%; | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | '''Kompanija''' | {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | imageclass = ib-company-logo logo | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | {{{logo|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P154 |name=logo |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=no |noicon=yes |maxvals=1 |{{{logo|}}} }}--> }} |size={{{logo_size|}}} |sizedefault=frameless |upright={{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{logo_alt|}}} |class= {{{logo_class|}}} |maxsize=250px}} | caption = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{{image|}}} |size={{{image_size|}}} |upright={{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{image_alt|}}} }} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | label1 = [[Trgova nazva]] | data1 = {{{trade_name|}}} | label2 = Originalna nazva | data2 = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}} | {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}} | {{lang|{{{native_name_lang}}}|{{{native_name}}} }} | {{{native_name}}} }} }} | label3 = Nazva [[Latinica|latiniceju]] | data3 = {{{romanized_name|}}} | label4 = Raněje | class4 = nickname | data4 = {{if empty|{{{former_names|}}}|{{{former_name|}}}}} | label5 = Tip | class5 = category | data5 = {{{type|}}} | label6 = [[Tiker]] | data6 = {{{traded_as|}}} | label7 = [[Medžunarodno identifikacijno čislo na cenne papiry|{{-|ISIN}}]] | data7 = {{{ISIN|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P946 |name=ISIN |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{ISIN|}}} }}--> | label8 = Odvětva | class8 = category | data8 = {{{industry|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P452 |name=industry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{industry|}}} }}--> | label9 = Žanr | class9 = category | data9 = {{{genre|}}} | label10 = Prědhodnik{{#if:{{{predecessors|}}}|y}} | data10 = {{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P155 |name=predecessor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}} }}--> | label11 = Zaregistrovana | data11 = {{{incorporated|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1001 |name=incorporated |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{incorporated|}}} }}--> | label12 = Osnovana | data12 = {{{founded|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P571 |name=founded |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes | {{{founded|}}} }}--> | label13 = Osnovatelj{{#if:{{{founders|}}}|i}} | class13 = agent | data13 = {{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P112 |name=founder |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}} }}--> | label14 = Prěstavjena | data14 = {{{defunct|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P576 |name=defunct |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{defunct|}}} }}--> | label15 = Sudba | data15 = {{{fate|}}} | label16 = Nastupnik{{#if:{{{successors|}}}|y}} | data16 = {{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P156 |name=successor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}} }}--> | label17 = Centrala | class17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}} | label | adr}} | data17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}}{{{hq_location_city|}}}{{{hq_location_country|}}} | {{Plosky spisok | 1 = {{{hq_location|}}} | 2 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_city|}}} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality"> {{{hq_location_city|}}}</div>}} | 3 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_country|}}} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name"> {{{hq_location_country|}}}</div>}} }} <!--| {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} | {{Comma separated entries | 1 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=headquarters location |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} | 2 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=countrry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} }} }}--> }} | label19 = Čislo odděljenij | data19 = {{{num_locations|}}}{{#if:{{{num_locations_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_locations_year}}}) }} | label20 = Obsluživajem{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|e|y}} region{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|y}} | data20 = {{if empty|{{{areas_served|}}}|{{{area_served|}}}}} | label21 = Rukovoditelji | class21 = agent | data21 = {{{key_people|}}} | label22 = Produkty | data22 = {{{products|}}} | label23 = Production output | data23 = {{#if:{{{production|}}} | {{{production|}}}{{#if:{{{production_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{production_year}}}) }} }} | label24 = Brendy | data24 = {{{brands|}}} | label25 = Uslugy | class25 = category | data25 = {{{services|}}} | label26 = Obrat | data26 = {{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2139 |name=revenue |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }} }}--> | label27 = {{-|[[EBIT]]}} | data27 = {{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P3362 |name=operating_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }} }}--> | label28 = [[Čisty dohod]] | data28 = {{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2295 |name=net_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }} }}--> | label29 = [[Aktivy pod upravoju]] | data29 = {{{aum|}}} | label30 = {{nowrap|[[Aktiv (biznes)|Vsego aktivov]]}} | data30 = {{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2403 |name=assets |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }} }}--> | label31 = {{nowrap|[[Vlastny kapital (finansy)|Kapitalizacija]]}} | data31 = {{#if:{{{equity|}}} | {{{equity}}}{{#if:{{{equity_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{equity_year}}})}} }} | label32 = Vlastnik{{#if:{{{owners|}}}|i}} | data32 = {{if empty|{{{owners|}}}|{{{owner|}}}}} | label33 = Učestniky | data33 = {{{num_members|}}}{{#if:{{{num_members_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_members_year|}}})}} | label34 = Počet služebnikov | data34 = {{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1128 |name=num_employees |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }} }}--> | label35 = [[Materska kompanija]] | data35 = {{{parent|}}}<!--{{#ifeq:{{{owners|}}}{{{owner|}}}{{{parent|}}} || {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P749 |name=parent |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes }} | {{{parent|}}} }}--> | label36 = [[Podrazděljenje (biznes)|Podrazděljenja]] | data36 = {{{divisions|}}} | label37 = [[Dočerska kompanija|Dočerske kompanije]] | data37 = {{{subsidiaries|}}} | data39 = {{{module|}}} | label40 = [[Basel III|Koeficient kapitala]] | data40 = {{{ratio|}}} | label41 = Ocenka | data41 = {{{rating|}}} | label42 = Vebsajt | data42 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}| {{{website|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |url2 |url={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P856 |name=website |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced=yes |maxvals=1}} }}--> }} | below = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} | '''Primětky'''{{break}}{{{footnotes}}} }} }}<!-- --><noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude> 8xddz3h6z9x60z5xd3ason0a7elggag 27846 27840 2026-07-02T09:38:49Z Ilja isv 10 27846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka | bodyclass = ib-company vcard | templatestyles = Kartka firma/styles.css | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | decat = yes | titleclass = fn org | titlestyle = font-size: 125%; | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | '''Kompanija''' | {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | imageclass = ib-company-logo logo | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | {{{logo|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P154 |name=logo |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=no |noicon=yes |maxvals=1 |{{{logo|}}} }}--> }} |size={{{logo_size|}}} |sizedefault=frameless |upright={{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{logo_alt|}}} |class= {{{logo_class|}}} |maxsize=250px}} | caption = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{{image|}}} |size={{{image_size|}}} |upright={{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{image_alt|}}} }} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | label1 = [[Trgova nazva]] | data1 = {{{trade_name|}}} | label2 = Originalna nazva | data2 = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}} | {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}} | {{lang|{{{native_name_lang}}}|{{{native_name}}} }} | {{{native_name}}} }} }} | label3 = Nazva [[Latinica|latiniceju]] | data3 = {{{romanized_name|}}} | label4 = Raněje | class4 = nickname | data4 = {{if empty|{{{former_names|}}}|{{{former_name|}}}}} | label5 = Tip | class5 = category | data5 = {{{type|}}} | label6 = [[Tiker]] | data6 = {{{traded_as|}}} | label7 = [[Medžunarodno identifikacijno čislo na cenne papiry|{{-|ISIN}}]] | data7 = {{{ISIN|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P946 |name=ISIN |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{ISIN|}}} }}--> | label8 = Industrija | class8 = category | data8 = {{{industry|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P452 |name=industry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{industry|}}} }}--> | label9 = Žanr | class9 = category | data9 = {{{genre|}}} | label10 = Prědhodnik{{#if:{{{predecessors|}}}|y}} | data10 = {{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P155 |name=predecessor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}} }}--> | label11 = Zaregistrovana | data11 = {{{incorporated|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1001 |name=incorporated |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{incorporated|}}} }}--> | label12 = Osnovana | data12 = {{{founded|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P571 |name=founded |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes | {{{founded|}}} }}--> | label13 = Osnovatelj{{#if:{{{founders|}}}|i}} | class13 = agent | data13 = {{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P112 |name=founder |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}} }}--> | label14 = Prěstavjena | data14 = {{{defunct|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P576 |name=defunct |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{defunct|}}} }}--> | label15 = Sudba | data15 = {{{fate|}}} | label16 = Nastupnik{{#if:{{{successors|}}}|y}} | data16 = {{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P156 |name=successor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}} }}--> | label17 = Centrala | class17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}} | label | adr}} | data17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}}{{{hq_location_city|}}}{{{hq_location_country|}}} | {{Plosky spisok | 1 = {{{hq_location|}}} | 2 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_city|}}} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality"> {{{hq_location_city|}}}</div>}} | 3 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_country|}}} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name"> {{{hq_location_country|}}}</div>}} }} <!--| {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} | {{Comma separated entries | 1 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=headquarters location |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} | 2 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=countrry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} }} }}--> }} | label19 = Čislo odděljenij | data19 = {{{num_locations|}}}{{#if:{{{num_locations_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_locations_year}}}) }} | label20 = Obsluživajem{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|e|y}} region{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|y}} | data20 = {{if empty|{{{areas_served|}}}|{{{area_served|}}}}} | label21 = Rukovoditelji | class21 = agent | data21 = {{{key_people|}}} | label22 = Produkty | data22 = {{{products|}}} | label23 = Production output | data23 = {{#if:{{{production|}}} | {{{production|}}}{{#if:{{{production_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{production_year}}}) }} }} | label24 = Brendy | data24 = {{{brands|}}} | label25 = Uslugy | class25 = category | data25 = {{{services|}}} | label26 = Obrat | data26 = {{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2139 |name=revenue |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }} }}--> | label27 = {{-|[[EBIT]]}} | data27 = {{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P3362 |name=operating_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }} }}--> | label28 = [[Čisty dohod]] | data28 = {{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2295 |name=net_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }} }}--> | label29 = [[Aktivy pod upravoju]] | data29 = {{{aum|}}} | label30 = {{nowrap|[[Aktiv (biznes)|Vsego aktivov]]}} | data30 = {{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2403 |name=assets |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }} }}--> | label31 = {{nowrap|[[Vlastny kapital (finansy)|Kapitalizacija]]}} | data31 = {{#if:{{{equity|}}} | {{{equity}}}{{#if:{{{equity_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{equity_year}}})}} }} | label32 = Vlastnik{{#if:{{{owners|}}}|i}} | data32 = {{if empty|{{{owners|}}}|{{{owner|}}}}} | label33 = Učestniky | data33 = {{{num_members|}}}{{#if:{{{num_members_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_members_year|}}})}} | label34 = Počet služebnikov | data34 = {{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1128 |name=num_employees |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }} }}--> | label35 = [[Materska kompanija]] | data35 = {{{parent|}}}<!--{{#ifeq:{{{owners|}}}{{{owner|}}}{{{parent|}}} || {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P749 |name=parent |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes }} | {{{parent|}}} }}--> | label36 = [[Podrazděljenje (biznes)|Podrazděljenja]] | data36 = {{{divisions|}}} | label37 = [[Dočerska kompanija|Dočerske kompanije]] | data37 = {{{subsidiaries|}}} | data39 = {{{module|}}} | label40 = [[Basel III|Koeficient kapitala]] | data40 = {{{ratio|}}} | label41 = Ocenka | data41 = {{{rating|}}} | label42 = Vebsajt | data42 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}| {{{website|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |url2 |url={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P856 |name=website |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced=yes |maxvals=1}} }}--> }} | below = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} | '''Primětky'''{{break}}{{{footnotes}}} }} }}<!-- --><noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude> 557x6m0xiohzgqapmhvhb737kgv2f44 27850 27846 2026-07-02T10:03:30Z Ilja isv 10 27850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka | bodyclass = ib-company vcard | templatestyles = Kartka firma/styles.css | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | decat = yes | titleclass = fn org | titlestyle = font-size: 125%; | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | '''Kompanija''' | {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | imageclass = ib-company-logo logo | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | yes | {{{logo|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P154 |name=logo |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=no |noicon=yes |maxvals=1 |{{{logo|}}} }}--> }} |size={{{logo_size|}}} |sizedefault=frameless |upright={{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{logo_alt|}}} |class= {{{logo_class|}}} |maxsize=250px}} | caption = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{{image|}}} |size={{{image_size|}}} |upright={{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1}} |alt={{{image_alt|}}} }} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | label1 = [[Trgova nazva]] | data1 = {{{trade_name|}}} | label2 = Originalna nazva | data2 = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}} | {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}} | {{lang|{{{native_name_lang}}}|{{{native_name}}} }} | {{{native_name}}} }} }} | label3 = Nazva [[Latinica|latiniceju]] | data3 = {{{romanized_name|}}} | label4 = Raněje | class4 = nickname | data4 = {{if empty|{{{former_names|}}}|{{{former_name|}}}}} | label5 = Tip | class5 = category | data5 = {{{type|}}} | label6 = [[Tiker]] | data6 = {{{traded_as|}}} | label7 = [[Medžunarodno identifikacijno čislo na cenne papiry|{{-|ISIN}}]] | data7 = {{{ISIN|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P946 |name=ISIN |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{ISIN|}}} }}--> | label8 = Industrija | class8 = category | data8 = {{{industry|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P452 |name=industry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{industry|}}} }}--> | label9 = Žanr | class9 = category | data9 = {{{genre|}}} | label10 = Prědhodnik{{#if:{{{predecessors|}}}|y}} | data10 = {{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P155 |name=predecessor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{predecessors|}}}|{{{predecessor|}}}}} }}--> | label11 = Zaregistrovana | data11 = {{{incorporated|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1001 |name=incorporated |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{incorporated|}}} }}--> | label12 = Osnovana | data12 = {{{founded|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P571 |name=founded |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes | {{{founded|}}} }}--> | label13 = Osnovatelj{{#if:{{{founders|}}}|i}} | class13 = agent | data13 = {{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P112 |name=founder |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{founders|}}}|{{{founder|}}}}} }}--> | label14 = Prěstavjena | data14 = {{{defunct|}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P576 |name=defunct |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{{defunct|}}} }}--> | label15 = Sudba | data15 = {{{fate|}}} | label16 = Nastupnik{{#if:{{{successors|}}}|y}} | data16 = {{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P156 |name=successor |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes |{{if empty|{{{successors|}}}|{{{successor|}}}}} }}--> | label17 = Centrala | class17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}} | label | adr}} | data17 = {{#if:{{{hq_location|}}}{{{hq_location_city|}}}{{{hq_location_country|}}} | {{Plosky spisok | 1 = {{{hq_location|}}} | 2 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_city|}}} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality"> {{{hq_location_city|}}}</div>}} | 3 = {{#if:{{{hq_location_country|}}} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name"> {{{hq_location_country|}}}</div>}} }} <!--| {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} | {{Comma separated entries | 1 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=hq_location_city |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-locality locality">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P159 |name=headquarters location |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} | 2 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=countrry |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }} |<div class="ib-company-country country-name">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P17 |name=hq_location_country |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 }}</div>}} }} }}--> }} | label19 = Čislo odděljenij | data19 = {{{num_locations|}}}{{#if:{{{num_locations_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_locations_year}}}) }} | label20 = Obsluživajem{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|e|y}} region{{#if:{{{areas_served|}}}|y}} | data20 = {{if empty|{{{areas_served|}}}|{{{area_served|}}}}} | label21 = Rukovoditelji | class21 = agent | data21 = {{{key_people|}}} | label22 = Produkty | data22 = {{{products|}}} | label23 = Production output | data23 = {{#if:{{{production|}}} | {{{production|}}}{{#if:{{{production_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{production_year}}}) }} }} | label24 = Brendy | data24 = {{{brands|}}} | label25 = Uslugy | class25 = category | data25 = {{{services|}}} | label26 = Obrat | data26 = {{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2139 |name=revenue |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{revenue|}}}{{#if:{{{revenue_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{revenue_year}}}) }} }}--> | label27 = {{-|[[EBIT]]}} | data27 = {{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P3362 |name=operating_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{operating_income|}}}{{#if:{{{income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{income_year}}}) }} }}--> | label28 = [[Čisty dohod]] | data28 = {{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2295 |name=net_income |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{net_income|}}}{{#if:{{{net_income_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{net_income_year|}}}) }} }}--> | label29 = [[Aktivy pod upravoju]] | data29 = {{{aum|}}} | label30 = {{nowrap|[[Aktiv (biznes)|Vsego aktivov]]}} | data30 = {{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P2403 |name=assets |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{assets|}}}{{#if:{{{assets_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{assets_year}}}) }} }}--> | label31 = {{nowrap|[[Vlastny kapital (finansy)|Kapitalizacija]]}} | data31 = {{#if:{{{equity|}}} | {{{equity}}}{{#if:{{{equity_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{equity_year}}})}} }} | label32 = Vlastnik{{#if:{{{owners|}}}|i}} | data32 = {{if empty|{{{owners|}}}|{{{owner|}}}}} | label33 = Učestniky | data33 = {{{num_members|}}}{{#if:{{{num_members_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_members_year|}}})}} | label34 = Počet služebnikov | data34 = {{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }}<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P1128 |name=num_employees |qual=P585 |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |maxvals=1 |{{{num_employees|}}}{{#if:{{{num_employees_year|}}} | &nbsp;({{{num_employees_year}}}) }} }}--> | label35 = [[Materska kompanija]] | data35 = {{{parent|}}}<!--{{#ifeq:{{{owners|}}}{{{owner|}}}{{{parent|}}} || {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P749 |name=parent |qid={{{qid|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced=yes |noicon={{if empty|{{{noicon|}}}|no}} |sep="<br />" |sorted=yes }} | {{{parent|}}} }}--> | label36 = [[Podrazděljenje (biznes)|Podrazděljenja]] | data36 = {{{divisions|}}} | label37 = [[Dočerska kompanija|Dočerske kompanije]] | data37 = {{{subsidiaries|}}} | data39 = {{{module|}}} | label40 = [[Basel III|Koeficient kapitala]] | data40 = {{{ratio|}}} | label41 = Ocenka | data41 = {{{rating|}}} | label42 = Vebsajt | data42 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}| {{{website|}}} |<!--{{#invoke:WikidataIB |url2 |url={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |rank=best |P856 |name=website |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced=yes |maxvals=1}} }}--> }} | below = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} | '''Primětky'''<br/>{{{footnotes}}} }} }}<!-- --><noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude> 4pg1qxo4ozg5ji9q84vb25wtnu6fehq Šablon:Kartka firma/styles.css 10 4674 27836 2026-07-02T08:45:52Z Ilja isv 10 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «/* {{pp-template|small=yes}} */ .ib-company .infobox-label { padding-right: 0.5em; } /* always light background for logos, unless specified otherwise */ .ib-company-logo img { background-color: #f8f9fa; color:inherit; } .ib-company-logo .logo-nobg img { background-color: inherit; color:inherit; } .ib-company-locality, .ib-company-country { display: inline; }» 27836 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template|small=yes}} */ .ib-company .infobox-label { padding-right: 0.5em; } /* always light background for logos, unless specified otherwise */ .ib-company-logo img { background-color: #f8f9fa; color:inherit; } .ib-company-logo .logo-nobg img { background-color: inherit; color:inherit; } .ib-company-locality, .ib-company-country { display: inline; } 9zae4dan48kp6o3cj6ck3ggz3fy6dq4 Šablon:Kartka firma/Dokumentacija 10 4675 27841 2026-07-02T09:16:28Z Ilja isv 10 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «<div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"><nowiki>{{Kartka firma | area_served | areas_served | assets | assets_year | aum | brands | defunct | divisions | embed | equity | equity_year | fate | fetchwikidata | footnotes | former_name | former_names | founded | founder | founders | genre | hq_location | hq_location_city | hq_location_country | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | income_year | incorporated | industry | ISIN |...» 27841 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"><nowiki>{{Kartka firma | area_served | areas_served | assets | assets_year | aum | brands | defunct | divisions | embed | equity | equity_year | fate | fetchwikidata | footnotes | former_name | former_names | founded | founder | founders | genre | hq_location | hq_location_city | hq_location_country | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | income_year | incorporated | industry | ISIN | key_people | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_class | logo_size | logo_upright | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | net_income | net_income_year | noicon | num_employees | num_employees_year | num_locations | num_locations_year | num_members | num_members_year | operating_income | owner | owners | parent | predecessor | predecessors | production | production_year | products | qid | rating | ratio | revenue | revenue_year | romanized_name | services | subsidiaries | successor | successors | suppressfields | trade_name | traded_as | type | website}}</nowiki></div> bhy44pfnsti98f80r5qzbrg4u8q9amd Šablon:NASDAQ 10 4676 27844 2026-07-02T09:35:19Z Ilja isv 10 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «[[Nasdaq]]:&nbsp;[https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/{{lc:{{{1|}}}}} {{{1|Symbol needed in NASDAQ template}}}]<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude>» 27844 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Nasdaq]]:&nbsp;[https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/{{lc:{{{1|}}}}} {{{1|Symbol needed in NASDAQ template}}}]<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude> 20ojlibzyxyov6ni13cj3of3ede946t 27845 27844 2026-07-02T09:36:51Z Ilja isv 10 27845 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Nasdaq]]:&nbsp;[https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/{{lc:{{{1|}}}}} {{{1|V šablonu NASDAQ potrěben simbol}}}]<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude> qqdvkevag8jgucxjje5ilr1fiumaz2t Okeanija 0 4677 27867 2026-07-02T10:32:05Z Karbutaroshik 59 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «[[Fajl:LocationOceaniaGreen.svg|thumb|Океанија на картє свєта]] Океанија јест чест свєта, ктора јест највечша совокупност островов (около 10 тыс.) в централној и југозападној чести [[Тихы океан|Тихого Океана]], меджу Австралијеју и Малајским архипелагом на западу и вели...» 27867 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fajl:LocationOceaniaGreen.svg|thumb|Океанија на картє свєта]] Океанија јест чест свєта, ктора јест највечша совокупност островов (около 10 тыс.) в централној и југозападној чести [[Тихы океан|Тихого Океана]], меджу Австралијеју и Малајским архипелагом на западу и великими океанскими просторами на сєверу, возходу и југу. Термин впрво употрєбил в 1812 году датско-французскы географ Конрад Малте-Брун, створивши јего с гречского корења ὠκεανός ''(ōkeanós),'' ''океан.'' qxa8nsclahlkf9fmfrp4351ww0md2da Besěda s koristnikom:Nichloya 3 4678 27869 2026-07-02T11:05:54Z IJzeren Jan 9 /* Добродошли! */ nova sekcija 27869 wikitext text/x-wiki == Добродошли! == {{Dobrodošli}} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 13:05, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) dz840dvs058wye2k2n2y2fwgpf94tl8 Besěda s koristnikom:Karbutaroshik 3 4679 27872 2026-07-02T11:13:22Z IJzeren Jan 9 /* Dobrodošli */ nova sekcija 27872 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dobrodošli == {{Dobrodošli}} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 13:13, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) cmneihoixo8zh2v1dt0s3uj0v5zd771 Гачимучи 0 4680 27874 2026-07-02T11:18:46Z Karbutaroshik 59 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «'''Гачимучи''' ({{Jezyky|ja|ガチムチ}} или {{Lang-ja2|がちむち}} ''Gachimuchi,'' дословно: «мускулисты») јест [[интернет-мем]] и субкултура, зародивша се в августу 2007 года на јапонском видеохостингу [[Nico Nico Douga]]. В 2016 год феномен проникл в рунет, кде изискал популарност, к тому мо...» 27874 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Гачимучи''' ({{Jezyky|ja|ガチムチ}} или {{Lang-ja2|がちむち}} ''Gachimuchi,'' дословно: «мускулисты») јест [[интернет-мем]] и субкултура, зародивша се в августу 2007 года на јапонском видеохостингу [[Nico Nico Douga]]. В 2016 год феномен проникл в рунет, кде изискал популарност, к тому моменту он получил разпрострањенје по всему интернету. Мем јест основаны на низкобуджетных гей-порнофилмах 1990-х годов и вкључаје в себе такоже и болшу коликост мешап-пародиј на популарне музикалне композицији и клипф, створјене с користанјем аудио-фрагментов порнороликов, входячих в фендом. tc40nbpgqqke6jfazl58tuocb038h1e 27875 27874 2026-07-02T11:20:00Z Karbutaroshik 59 27875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Гачимучи''' ({{Jezyky|ja|ガチムチ}} или がちむち ''Gachimuchi,'' дословно: «мускулисты») јест [[интернет-мем]] и субкултура, зародивша се в августу 2007 года на јапонском видеохостингу [[Nico Nico Douga]]. В 2016 год феномен проникл в рунет, кде изискал популарност, к тому моменту он получил разпрострањенје по всему интернету. Мем јест основаны на низкобуджетных гей-порнофилмах 1990-х годов и вкључаје в себе такоже и болшу коликост мешап-пародиј на популарне музикалне композицији и клипф, створјене с користанјем аудио-фрагментов порнороликов, входячих в фендом. nx07q6azt2ruyra0a5qkz0e431ke5vi 27876 27875 2026-07-02T11:22:28Z Karbutaroshik 59 27876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Гачимучи''' ({{Jezyky|ja|ガチムチ}} или がちむち ''Gachimuchi,'' дословно: «мускулисты») јест [[интернет-мем]] и субкултура, зародивша се в августу 2007 года на јапонском видеохостингу [[Nico Nico Douga]]. В 2016 год феномен проникл в рунет, кде изискал популарност, к тому моменту он получил разпрострањенје по всему интернету. Мем јест основаны на низкобуджетных гей-порнофилмах 1990-х годов и вкључаје в себе такоже и болшу коликост мешап-пародиј на популарне музикалне композицији и клипы, створјене с користанјем аудио-фрагментов порнороликов, входячих в фендом. 48sicxallm5z4z2g46nlqjxghg1otq9