Ё (kirilica)

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="isv">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Vikipedija</sitename>
    <dbname>isvwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://isv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Media</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Special</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Besěda</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Koristnik</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Besěda s koristnikom</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Vikipedija</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Besěda Vikipedije</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">Fajl</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Besěda o fajlu</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Besěda o MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Šablon</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Besěda o šablonu</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Pomoč</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Besěda o pomoči</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Kategorija</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Besěda o kategoriji</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Modul</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Besěda modula</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Ё (kirilica)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2099</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29287</id>
      <parentid>17981</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:04:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29287</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4257" sha1="ptnl9qels3cihlo72z03zquyjc5v9ni" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Yo - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ё}}''', '''{{-|ё}}''' (''jo'') jest bukva upotrěbjajema v mnogyh [[Kirilica|kiriličnyh alfabetah]], v ktoryh označaje fonemu {{-|/jo/}}, v [[Russky jezyk|russkom jezyku]] izgovorjenu kako {{MFA|jɵ}} ili {{MFA|ʲɵ}}.

== V russkom ==
Jotovano '''{{-|[[О (kirilica)|о]]}}''' ne jestvuje v rodnyh russkyh slovah, ibo '''{{-|о}}''' poslě mekkoj suglasky avtomatično zaměnjaje se v '''{{-|[[Е (kirilica)|е]]}}'''. Jednakože v tečen‌ju 12. do 16. stolětja izgovor akcentovanoj '''{{-|е}}''' v oprěděljenyh pozicijah (glavno prěd [[Palatalizacija|palatalizovanoju]] suglaskoju) postupno izměnjal se v {{MFA|ɵ}}, vslěd čego tuta glaska funkcionovala kako [[alofon]] glasky {{MFA|e}}. Toliko v 18. stolětju byli podjete proby različen‌ja medžu njimi. Bukva '''{{-|ё}}''' pojavila se prvy raz v 1797 godu, vo vtorom izdan‌ju sbornika poem ''Aonidy'' [[Nikolaj Karamzin|Nikolaja Karamzina]]. Pri reformě russkogo pravopisa v 1918 g. bylo glašeno, že koristan‌je bukvy '''{{-|ё}}''' jest «poželano, ale ne obvezno». Toliko v 1942 g. [[Sovětsky Sojuz|sovětsky]] narodny komisar obrazovan‌ja izdal razporedžen‌je, že jejna upotrěba jest obvezna v školnoj praktikě, i toliko od togo časa uvažaje se, že ona oficialno jest čest russkoj azbuky. Mimohodom, tuta obveznost vse jedno ne prijela se, i upotrěba toj bukvy jest sporna daže do dnes.

Nyně bukva '''{{-|ё}}''' koristaje se glavno v slovnikah, dětskyh knigah i učebnikah za inojezyčnyh, eventualno takože za izběgan‌je dvuznačnosti, napr. za odličen‌je slova {{Lang|ru|всё}} «vsečto» od slova {{Lang|ru|все}} «vsi». Ona upotrěbjaje se takože v kiriličnyh transkripcijah glasok {{MFA|ø}} i {{MFA|œ}} v [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzskom]], [[Germanske jezyky|germanskyh]] i [[Ugrofinske jezyky|ugrofinskyh]] jezykah, napr. {{Lang|ru|Шрёдер}} «{{-|Schröder}}». V občem, jednakože, prědpočitajut se kombinacije '''{{-|йо}}''' ili '''{{-|ио}}''' daže v pozajetyh slovah i imenah, napr. {{Lang|ru|йогурт}} «jogurt», {{Lang|ru|йога}} «joga», {{Lang|ru|Иордания}} «Jordanija».

== V drugyh jezykah ==
V [[Bělorussky jezyk|bělorusskom]] i [[Rusinsky jezyk|karpatorusinskom]] bukva '''{{-|ё}}''' odigryvaje važněju rolju neželi v russkom. V protivnosti v russkomu, v bělorusskom piše se {{Lang|be|ёгурт}} «jogurt» i {{Lang|be|ёга}} «joga», a bukva '''{{-|ё}}''' nikogda ne jest zaměnliva s bukvoju '''{{-|е}}'''. Iz drugoj strany, ona jest odsutna v [[Ukrajinsky jezyk|ukrajinskom]], [[Panonsko-rusinsky jezyk|panonsko-rusinskom]] i [[Bulgarsky jezyk|bulgarskom]] jezykah, v ktoryh vsegda piše se '''{{-|йо}}''' ili '''{{-|ьо}}''', a takože v [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom]], [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]] i [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom]], v ktoryh piše se '''{{-|јо}}'''.

Nakonec ona upotrěbjaje se takože v mnogyh neslovjanskyh kiriličnyh azbukah, napriklad v [[Tatarsky jezyk|tatarskom]], [[Kazahsky jezyk|kazahskom]], [[Kyrgyzsky jezyk|kyrgyzskom]], [[Tadžiksky jezyk|tadžikskom]], [[Mongolsky jezyk|mongolskom]], [[Komi-zyrjansky jezyk|komi]], [[Udmurtsky jezyk|udmurtskom]] i [[Čuvašsky jezyk|čuvašskom]]. Vesde označaje izgovor {{MFA|jo}} ili {{MFA|jɔ}}.

== V kulturě ==
V rosijskom gradu Uljanovsk jest ustanovjeny [[pametnik bukvě «ё»]].

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=&quot;150&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot;&gt;
Памятник букве Ё (1) (Ульяновск).jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ё | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO | 1-sist16 = 0401 | 1-sist10 = 1025 | 1-alf = IOcy | 1-utf8 = D0 81
| 2-znak = ё | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO | 2-sist16 = 0451 | 2-sist10 = 1105 | 2-alf = iocy | 2-utf8 = D1 91
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0401 | title = U+0401 Cyrillic Capital Letter Io | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0451 | title = U+0451 Cyrillic Small Letter Io | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Е}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Е}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q30955}}</text>
      <sha1>ptnl9qels3cihlo72z03zquyjc5v9ni</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29288</id>
      <parentid>29287</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:05:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* V kulturě */</comment>
      <origin>29288</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4281" sha1="0hld185pcuroiylun2xdnjbh7kzbqmx" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Yo - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ё}}''', '''{{-|ё}}''' (''jo'') jest bukva upotrěbjajema v mnogyh [[Kirilica|kiriličnyh alfabetah]], v ktoryh označaje fonemu {{-|/jo/}}, v [[Russky jezyk|russkom jezyku]] izgovorjenu kako {{MFA|jɵ}} ili {{MFA|ʲɵ}}.

== V russkom ==
Jotovano '''{{-|[[О (kirilica)|о]]}}''' ne jestvuje v rodnyh russkyh slovah, ibo '''{{-|о}}''' poslě mekkoj suglasky avtomatično zaměnjaje se v '''{{-|[[Е (kirilica)|е]]}}'''. Jednakože v tečen‌ju 12. do 16. stolětja izgovor akcentovanoj '''{{-|е}}''' v oprěděljenyh pozicijah (glavno prěd [[Palatalizacija|palatalizovanoju]] suglaskoju) postupno izměnjal se v {{MFA|ɵ}}, vslěd čego tuta glaska funkcionovala kako [[alofon]] glasky {{MFA|e}}. Toliko v 18. stolětju byli podjete proby različen‌ja medžu njimi. Bukva '''{{-|ё}}''' pojavila se prvy raz v 1797 godu, vo vtorom izdan‌ju sbornika poem ''Aonidy'' [[Nikolaj Karamzin|Nikolaja Karamzina]]. Pri reformě russkogo pravopisa v 1918 g. bylo glašeno, že koristan‌je bukvy '''{{-|ё}}''' jest «poželano, ale ne obvezno». Toliko v 1942 g. [[Sovětsky Sojuz|sovětsky]] narodny komisar obrazovan‌ja izdal razporedžen‌je, že jejna upotrěba jest obvezna v školnoj praktikě, i toliko od togo časa uvažaje se, že ona oficialno jest čest russkoj azbuky. Mimohodom, tuta obveznost vse jedno ne prijela se, i upotrěba toj bukvy jest sporna daže do dnes.

Nyně bukva '''{{-|ё}}''' koristaje se glavno v slovnikah, dětskyh knigah i učebnikah za inojezyčnyh, eventualno takože za izběgan‌je dvuznačnosti, napr. za odličen‌je slova {{Lang|ru|всё}} «vsečto» od slova {{Lang|ru|все}} «vsi». Ona upotrěbjaje se takože v kiriličnyh transkripcijah glasok {{MFA|ø}} i {{MFA|œ}} v [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzskom]], [[Germanske jezyky|germanskyh]] i [[Ugrofinske jezyky|ugrofinskyh]] jezykah, napr. {{Lang|ru|Шрёдер}} «{{-|Schröder}}». V občem, jednakože, prědpočitajut se kombinacije '''{{-|йо}}''' ili '''{{-|ио}}''' daže v pozajetyh slovah i imenah, napr. {{Lang|ru|йогурт}} «jogurt», {{Lang|ru|йога}} «joga», {{Lang|ru|Иордания}} «Jordanija».

== V drugyh jezykah ==
V [[Bělorussky jezyk|bělorusskom]] i [[Rusinsky jezyk|karpatorusinskom]] bukva '''{{-|ё}}''' odigryvaje važněju rolju neželi v russkom. V protivnosti v russkomu, v bělorusskom piše se {{Lang|be|ёгурт}} «jogurt» i {{Lang|be|ёга}} «joga», a bukva '''{{-|ё}}''' nikogda ne jest zaměnliva s bukvoju '''{{-|е}}'''. Iz drugoj strany, ona jest odsutna v [[Ukrajinsky jezyk|ukrajinskom]], [[Panonsko-rusinsky jezyk|panonsko-rusinskom]] i [[Bulgarsky jezyk|bulgarskom]] jezykah, v ktoryh vsegda piše se '''{{-|йо}}''' ili '''{{-|ьо}}''', a takože v [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom]], [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]] i [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom]], v ktoryh piše se '''{{-|јо}}'''.

Nakonec ona upotrěbjaje se takože v mnogyh neslovjanskyh kiriličnyh azbukah, napriklad v [[Tatarsky jezyk|tatarskom]], [[Kazahsky jezyk|kazahskom]], [[Kyrgyzsky jezyk|kyrgyzskom]], [[Tadžiksky jezyk|tadžikskom]], [[Mongolsky jezyk|mongolskom]], [[Komi-zyrjansky jezyk|komi]], [[Udmurtsky jezyk|udmurtskom]] i [[Čuvašsky jezyk|čuvašskom]]. Vesde označaje izgovor {{MFA|jo}} ili {{MFA|jɔ}}.

== V kulturě ==
V rosijskom gradu Uljanovsk jest ustanovjeny [[pametnik bukvě «ё»]].

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=&quot;150&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot;&gt;
Памятник букве Ё (1) (Ульяновск).jpg | Izgled pametnika dnes
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ё | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO | 1-sist16 = 0401 | 1-sist10 = 1025 | 1-alf = IOcy | 1-utf8 = D0 81
| 2-znak = ё | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO | 2-sist16 = 0451 | 2-sist10 = 1105 | 2-alf = iocy | 2-utf8 = D1 91
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0401 | title = U+0401 Cyrillic Capital Letter Io | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0451 | title = U+0451 Cyrillic Small Letter Io | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Е}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Е}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q30955}}</text>
      <sha1>0hld185pcuroiylun2xdnjbh7kzbqmx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Є</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2103</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29289</id>
      <parentid>18007</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:10:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29289</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2487" sha1="elj9zi7m4uuabq5ys8tlzeuy1i4bibi" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Ukrainian Ye - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Є є}}''' je bukva [[Kirilica|kirilice]], upotrěbjajema v [[Ukrajinsky jezyk|ukrajinskom]], [[Rusinsky jezyk|karpatorusinskom]], [[Panonsko-rusinsky jezyk|panonsko-rusinskom]], [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom]] i [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom]] jezykah. Do poloviny 19. stolětja ona takože upotrěbjala se v [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]] i [[Rumunsky jezyk|rumunskom]]. Srěd neslovjanskyh jezykov ona nahodi se v kiriličnoj azbukě [[Hantyjsky jezyk|hantyjskogo jezyka]], ktory naleži k [[Ugrofinske jezyky|ugrofinskoj]] rodině. Vo vsih jezykah izgovor je {{MFA|je}} ili {{MFA|jɛ}}.

Tuta bukva proizhodi od [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbuky]], v ktoroj funkcionovala kako stilističny variant bukvy '''{{-|[[Е (kirilica)|е]]}}''' i služila kako osnova za jotovanu bukvu '''[[ѥ]]'''. Jednakože v tečen‌ju časa ona utratila črtku, osobolivo na [[Ukrajina|ukrajinskyh teritorijah]], kde razliky v izgovoru medžu tvrdoju i jotovanoju glaskoju {{MFA|e}} narastali se. V sučasnom ukrajinskom jezyku, a takože vo vsih variantah rusinskogo jezyka, ona prědstavjaje jotovanu {{-|'''е'''}} {{MFA|jɛ}}.

V medžuslovjanskom jezyku '''{{-|є}}''' je osma bukva v [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|kiriličskoj versiji alfabeta]] i služi kako ekvivalent [[Ѣ|jati ('''{{-|ѣ}}''')]], v latinskoj ortografiji prědstavjenoj bukvoju '''{{-|ě}}'''. Pričina togo rěšen‌ja byla, že arhaična bukva '''{{-|ѣ}}''' je nerazumliva mnogym sučasnym govoriteljam slovjanskyh jezykov. Mimohodom za jotovanu versiju '''{{-|е}}''' v medžuslovjanskom vsegda koristaje se kombinacija '''{{-|је}}'''.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Є | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE | 1-sist16 = 0404 | 1-sist10 = 1028 | 1-alf = Jukcy | 1-utf8 = D0 84
| 2-znak = є | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE | 2-sist16 = 0454 | 2-sist10 = 1108 | 2-alf = jukcy | 2-utf8 = D1 94
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0404 | title = U+0404 Cyrillic Capital Letter Ukrainian Ie | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0454 | title = U+0454 Cyrillic Small Letter Ukrainian Ie | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Е}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Е}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q206770}}</text>
      <sha1>elj9zi7m4uuabq5ys8tlzeuy1i4bibi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ѕ (kirilica)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2105</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29302</id>
      <parentid>18014</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:15:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kodovanje */</comment>
      <origin>29302</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4083" sha1="egtom6afhsvl4numkgvlr65m7hnlc4u" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Dze - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Reversed Dze - uppercase and lowercase.png | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ѕ}}''', '''{{-|ѕ}}''' (''dzělo'', ''zělo'') jest bukva [[Kirilica|kiriličnoj azbuky]], nyně upotrěbjajema samo v [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom]] i [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom]] jezykah. V makedonskom ona označaje zvučnu alveolarnu afrikatu {{MFA|d͡z}}; priklady jejnoj upotrěby sut ''{{-|ѕвер}}'' «zvěr», ''{{-|ѕвезда}}'' «zvězda» i ''{{-|ѕвонче}}'' «zvonok». Ona latinizuje se v '''{{-|ẑ}}''' (''z s cirkumfleksom'') v standardu {{-|[[ISO 9]]}}, a kako '''{{-|dz}}''' vo vsih ostalyh sistemah. Vslěd procesa prěhoda afrikaty {{MFA|d͡z}} v {{MFA|z}} v večinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]], ona tradicijno čitaje se kako {{MFA|z}} i v crkovnoslovjanskom: ''{{-|ѕвѣзда}}'' izgovarjaje se kako medžuslovjansko slovo «zvězda».

V [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbukě]] tuta bukva iměla nazvu ''{{-|ѕѣло́}}'' «mnogo, velmi». Prvopočetno ona služila samo kako [[Starokirilične čisla|čislny znak]] s značenjem «6». Za glasku {{MFA|d͡z}} upotrěbjalo s prěčrkneno '''{{-|[[Ꙃ]]}}''', ale uže od 12. stolětja jegovu funckiju popolno prějela bukva '''{{-|Ѕ}}''', ktora poněkogda takože strětila se v zerkalnoj formě '''Ꙅ ꙅ'''. Kirilična bukva [[Fajl:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zelo.svg|24px]] pravodpodobno proizhodi od [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskoj]] bukvy ''stigma'' (Ϛ ϛ), [[Ligatura|ligatury]] ''lunastoj sigmy'' (Ϲ) i bukvy ''tau'' (τ), ktora imělo tože samo numerično značenje. Prědpoložiteljno, podobnost bukvy '''{{-|Ѕ}}''' [[Latinica|latinskoj]] bukvě '''{{-|S}}''' jest slučajna. Proizhodženje [[Glagolica|glagoličnogo]] odpovědnika '''Ⰷ''' (s čislnym značenjem «8») jest neizvěstno.

V [[Russky jezyk|russkom]] {{-|'''Ѕ'''}} imělo fonetično značenje {{MFA|z}} ili {{MFA|zʲ}}, ale upotrěbjalo se rědže neželi bukvy {{-|'''[[З]]'''}} i jegov variant {{-|'''[[Ꙁ]]'''}}, ktore izgovarjali se ravnako. Tym ne menje, pri vvedenju [[Gradžanka|gradžanskoj azbuky]] v 1708 g. obě versije byli zaměnjene bukvoju '''{{-|Ѕ}}''', ale uže vo vtoroj versiji bukva '''{{-|З}}''' byla vračena, po čem '''{{-|Ѕ}}''' i '''{{-|З}}''' upotrěbjali se paralelno. V 1735 g. bukva '''{{-|Ѕ}}''' definitivno izčeznula iz russkoj azbuky.

Do poloviny 19. stolětja ona takože upotrěbjala se v [[Srbska azbuka|srbskoj]] i [[Rumunska kirilica|rumunskoj]] kiriličnyh azbukah. Ona byla oživjena s vvedenjem makedonskoj azbuky v lětah 1944–1945.

Drugu kiriličnu bukvu s identičnoju funkcijeju {{MFA|d͡z}} nahodi se v [[Abhazsky jezyk|abhazskom jezyku]], kde imaje formu '''[[Ӡ|Ӡ ӡ]]'''.


== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѕ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZE | 1-sist16 = 0405 | 1-sist10 = 1029 | 1-alf = DScy | 1-utf8 = D0 85
| 2-znak = ѕ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE | 2-sist16 = 0455 | 2-sist10 = 1109 | 2-alf = dscy | 2-utf8 = D1 95
| 3-znak = Ꙅ | 3-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED DZE | 3-sist16 = A644 | 3-sist10 = 42564 | 3-utf8 = EA 99 84
| 4-znak = ꙅ | 4-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED DZE | 4-sist16 = A645 | 4-sist10 = 42655 | 3-utf8 = EA 99 85
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0405 | title = U+0405 Cyrillic Capital Letter Dze | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0455 | title = U+0455 Cyrillic Small Letter Dze | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A644 | title = U+A644 Cyrillic Capital Letter Reversed Dze | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A645 | title = U+A645 Cyrillic Small Letter Reversed Dze | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy З}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:З}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q208001}}</text>
      <sha1>egtom6afhsvl4numkgvlr65m7hnlc4u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29303</id>
      <parentid>29302</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:16:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29303</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4097" sha1="iaaydphswfop49z0oew815aks7e6tyf" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Dze - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Reversed Dze - uppercase and lowercase.png | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ѕ}}''', '''{{-|ѕ}}''' (''dzělo'', ''zělo'') je bukva [[Kirilica|kiriličnoj azbuky]], nyně upotrěbjajema samo v [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom]] i [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom]] jezykah. V makedonskom ona označaje zvučnu alveolarnu afrikatu {{MFA|d͡z}}; priklady jejnoj upotrěby sut ''{{-|ѕвер}}'' «zvěr», ''{{-|ѕвезда}}'' «zvězda» i ''{{-|ѕвонче}}'' «zvonok». Ona latinizuje se v '''{{-|ẑ}}''' (''z s cirkumfleksom'') v standardu {{-|[[ISO 9]]}}, a kako '''{{-|dz}}''' vo vsih ostalyh sistemah. Vslěd procesa prěhoda afrikaty {{MFA|d͡z}} v {{MFA|z}} v večinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]], ona tradicijno čitaje se kako {{MFA|z}} i v crkovnoslovjanskom: ''{{-|ѕвѣзда}}'' izgovarjaje se kako medžuslovjansko slovo «zvězda».

V [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbukě]] tuta bukva iměla nazvu ''{{-|ѕѣло́}}'' «mnogo, velmi». Prvopočetno ona služila samo kako [[Starokirilične čisla|čislny znak]] s značen‌jem «6». Za glasku {{MFA|d͡z}} upotrěbjalo s prěčrkneno '''{{-|[[Ꙃ]]}}''', ale uže od 12. stolětja jegovu funckiju popolno prějela bukva '''{{-|Ѕ}}''', ktora poněkogda takože strětila se v zerkalnoj formě '''Ꙅ ꙅ'''. Kirilična bukva [[Fajl:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zelo.svg|24px]] pravodpodobno proizhodi od [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskoj]] bukvy ''stigma'' (Ϛ ϛ), [[Ligatura|ligatury]] ''lunastoj sigmy'' (Ϲ) i bukvy ''tau'' (τ), ktora imělo tože samo numerično značen‌je. Prědpoložiteljno, podobnost bukvy '''{{-|Ѕ}}''' [[Latinica|latinskoj]] bukvě '''{{-|S}}''' je slučajna. Proizhodžen‌je [[Glagolica|glagoličnogo]] odpovědnika '''Ⰷ''' (s čislnym značen‌jem «8») je neizvěstno.

V [[Russky jezyk|russkom]] {{-|'''Ѕ'''}} imělo fonetično značen‌je {{MFA|z}} ili {{MFA|zʲ}}, ale upotrěbjalo se rědže neželi bukvy {{-|'''[[З]]'''}} i jegov variant {{-|'''[[Ꙁ]]'''}}, ktore izgovarjali se ravnako. Tym ne menje, pri vveden‌ju [[Gradžanka|gradžanskoj azbuky]] v 1708 g. obě versije byli zaměnjene bukvoju '''{{-|Ѕ}}''', ale uže vo vtoroj versiji bukva '''{{-|З}}''' byla vračena, po čem '''{{-|Ѕ}}''' i '''{{-|З}}''' upotrěbjali se paralelno. V 1735 g. bukva '''{{-|Ѕ}}''' definitivno izčeznula iz russkoj azbuky.

Do poloviny 19. stolětja ona takože upotrěbjala se v [[Srbska azbuka|srbskoj]] i [[Rumunska kirilica|rumunskoj]] kiriličnyh azbukah. Ona byla oživjena s vveden‌jem makedonskoj azbuky v lětah 1944–1945.

Drugu kiriličnu bukvu s identičnoju funkcijeju {{MFA|d͡z}} nahodi se v [[Abhazsky jezyk|abhazskom jezyku]], kde imaje formu '''[[Ӡ|Ӡ ӡ]]'''.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѕ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZE | 1-sist16 = 0405 | 1-sist10 = 1029 | 1-alf = DScy | 1-utf8 = D0 85
| 2-znak = ѕ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE | 2-sist16 = 0455 | 2-sist10 = 1109 | 2-alf = dscy | 2-utf8 = D1 95
| 3-znak = Ꙅ | 3-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED DZE | 3-sist16 = A644 | 3-sist10 = 42564 | 3-utf8 = EA 99 84
| 4-znak = ꙅ | 4-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED DZE | 4-sist16 = A645 | 4-sist10 = 42655 | 4-utf8 = EA 99 85
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0405 | title = U+0405 Cyrillic Capital Letter Dze | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0455 | title = U+0455 Cyrillic Small Letter Dze | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A644 | title = U+A644 Cyrillic Capital Letter Reversed Dze | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A645 | title = U+A645 Cyrillic Small Letter Reversed Dze | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy З}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:З}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q208001}}</text>
      <sha1>iaaydphswfop49z0oew815aks7e6tyf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>І (kirilica)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2106</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29290</id>
      <parentid>18027</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:19:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29290</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5769" sha1="d0ipsqlzv36zbwx3trwmqey9kwb4x7g" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter dotted I - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|І і}}''' je bukva koristajema v někojih sučasnyh [[Kirilica|kiriličnyh]] pismah, glavno v [[Ukrajinska azbuka|ukrajinskom]], [[Bělorussky jezyk|bělorusskom]] i [[Rusinsky jezyk|rusinskom]], kde imaje izgovor {{MFA|i}}. Kromě togo, ona istnuje v [[Komi-zyrjansky jezyk|komi-zyrjanskom]] i [[Komi-permjačsky jezyk|komi-permjačskom]] jezykah, kde prědstavjaje ne-[[Palatalizacija|palatalizujuči]] zvuk {{MFA|i}} prěd bukvami '''{{-|д}}''', '''{{-|з}}''', '''{{-|л}}''', '''{{-|н}}''', '''{{-|с}}''' i '''{{-|т}}'''. V [[Kazahsky jezyk|kazahskom]] i [[Hakassky jezyk|hakasskom]] jezykah ona prědstavjaje zvuk {{MFA|ɘ}}, v někojih [[Selkupsky jezyk|selkupskyh]] dialektah zvuk {{MFA|ɪ(:)}},&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title = Selkup (шӧльӄумыт әты) | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/selkup.htm | first = Simon | last = Ager | language = en | access-date = 2025-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; v [[Tofalarsky jezyk|tofalarskom]] jezyku zvuk {{MFA|i:}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title = Tofa (Тоъфа дыл) | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tofa.htm | first = Simon | last = Ager | language = en | access-date = 2025-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kromě togo, ona byla čest mnogyh historičnyh kiriličnyh alfabetov [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh]] i neslovjanskyh jezykov.

Bukva '''{{-|і}}''' proizhodila od [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskoj]] bukvy ''jota'' (Ι ι). V [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbukě]] ona iměla nazvu «{{-|и}}» (i) i [[Starokirilične čisla|čislno značen‌je]] «10». Ona istnovala paralelno bukvě {{-|'''и'''}}, ktora iměla identičny izgovor. Različalo se medžu njimi tym, že {{-|'''и'''}} byl takože nazyvany «osmeričny {{-|И}}», a {{-|І}} «deseteričny {{-|И}}», na osnově jihnyh čislnyh značenij. V [[Glagolica|glagolici]] tute dvě bukvy daže iměli tri ekvivalenty: '''Ⰹ''', '''Ⰺ''' i '''Ⰻ'''. 

Prvopočetno mala bukva '''{{-|і}}''' pisala se bez točky, bolje-menje kako turečska '''{{-|ı}}'''. Točka nad malym '''{{-|і}}''' pojavila se pozdněje pod zapadnoevropejskym vlivom. Nad velikoju bukvoju točka piše se samo v bělorusskom rukopisan‌ju.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lang|be|«Над літарай І вялікай у друкаваных тэкстах кропка не ставіцца, а ў рукапісных тэкстах кропка абавязковая.»}} {{Cite web | title = Закон Рэспублікі Беларусь. Правілы беларускай арфаграфіі і пунктуацыі | url = https://libelli.narod.ru/misc/rules.htm | access-date = 2025-08-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V [[Russky jezyk|russkom jezyku]] bukva '''{{-|і}}''' pisala se zaměsto '''{{-|и}}''' prěd samoglaskami i prěd '''{{-|й}}''' (napr. ''{{-|англійскій}}''), a takože v slovu ''{{-|міръ}}'' «svět» za odličen‌je za slova ''{{-|миръ}}'' «mir, pokoj». Ona byla ostranjena iz russkoj azbuky v 1918 g. Kromě togo, ona byla upotrěbjena v [[Rumunsky jezyk|rumunskom]] (do 1860-yh lět), [[Bulgarsky jezyk|bulgarskom]] (do 1878 g.) i [[Osetinsky jezyk|osetinskom]] (do 1923 g.). V [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom]] ona poněkogda byla upotrěbjena za zvuk {{MFA|j}} prěd vveden‌jem kiriličnoj bukvy '''{{-|[[Ј (kirilica)|ј]]}}'''.

V sučasnoj versiji [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskogo jezyka]] bukva '''{{-|і}}''' ne koristaje se, ale ona byla prisutna v někojih historičnyh versijah. [[Matija Majar-Ziljski]] v svojem ''«Vzajemnom pravopisu slovjanskom»'' koristaje samo '''{{-|і}}''' zaměsto '''{{-|и}}''' i '''{{-|ы}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;''«'''і''' jedno izmed naj priljudnějših pismen, povsuda dobro znano, v azbuki cerkovnoj, v gradjanskoj i v vsěh jezikih, kteri se latinoj pišu; ono je čisto ''і'' bez vsake osobite tverdosti ali mehkosti, v ruščině se v istině piše za čisto ''і'', pa samo onda, kada stoji pred samoglasnikom jotovanim; — v pravopisě uzajemnom piši toto čisto i jednoduho ''і'' povsuda i vsegda, kdě i kada se čuje nepomehčano ''і'', na priměr: r. терніе знаменіе, piši uz. терніје, знаменіје.»'' {{Cite book | first = Matija | last = Majar Ziljski | title = Узајемні правопіс славјанскі, to je: Uzajemna slovnica ali mluvnica slavjanska | place = Praga | year = 1865 | pages = 38–39 | language = isv}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Vojtěh Merunka]] v prvom izdan‌ju [[Novoslověnsky jezyk|novoslověnskogo jezyka]] koristal '''{{-|і}}''' pored '''{{-|и}}''' i '''{{-|ы}}''', ne samo kako v russkom prědrevolucijnom pravopisu, ale takože za označen‌je [[Jotacija|jotacije]]: '''{{-|іе}}''', '''{{-|іа}}''' i '''{{-|іоу}}''' zaměsto '''{{-|ѥ}}''', '''{{-|я/ꙗ}}''' i '''{{-|ю}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | first = Vojtěch | last = Merunka | title = Jazyk novoslovienskij | place = Praga | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-80-87313-51-0 | pages = 22, 25 | language = cs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = І | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I | 1-sist16 = 0406 | 1-sist10 = 1030 | 1-alf = Iukcy | 1-utf8 = D0 86
| 2-znak = і | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I | 2-sist16 = 0456 | 2-sist10 = 1110 | 2-alf = iukcy | 2-utf8 = D1 96
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0406 | title = U+0406 Cyrillic Capital Letter Byelorussian-Ukrainian I | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0456 | title = U+0456 Cyrillic Small Letter Byelorussian-Ukrainian I | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy И}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q134105}}</text>
      <sha1>d0ipsqlzv36zbwx3trwmqey9kwb4x7g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ї (kirilica)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2109</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29291</id>
      <parentid>18040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:24:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29291</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4312" sha1="4tbt9xu7i7zzojvbxic5e0pizuys69s" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Yi - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ї}}''', '''{{-|ї}}''' (''Ji'', ''deseterično I s tremoju'') je bukva [[Kirilica|kiriličnoj azbuky]], koristajema v [[Ukrajinsky jezyk|ukrajinskom]], [[Rusinsky jezyk|karpato-rusinskom]] i [[Panonsko-rusinsky jezyk|panonsko-rusinskom]] jezykah, v ktoryh ona označaje [[Jotacija|jotovano]] '''{{-|[[І (kirilica)|і]]}}''': {{MFA|ji}}. V [[Latinizacija ukrajinskogo jezyka|latinizaciji]] ona transliteruje se na ''{{-|ji}}'' ili ''{{-|i}}'', poněkogda takože na ''{{-|ï}}''.

[[Fajl:ZUMK logo.jpg | thumb | left | 140px | Bukva '''{{-|Ї}}''' v logotipu «Za ukrajinskojezyčny [[Kyjiv]]»]]
Prvopočetno ona byla osnovna forma bukvy '''{{-|і}}''' v [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbukě]], prějeta od [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskoj]] praktiky pisan‌ja [[Trema|tremy]] za označen‌je, že ona poslě samoglasky izgovorjaje se kako samoglaska {{MFA|i}}, a ne kako {{MFA|j}}. Jednakože v 18. stolětju dvě točky tremy zaměnili se jednoju, može pod vlivom [[Latinica|latinskoj]] bukvy '''{{-|i}}''', a v ukrajinskom bukva '''{{-|ї}}''' načela služiti za različenje medžu zvukami {{MFA|i}} i {{MFA|ji}}.

V 19. stolětju bukva '''{{-|ї}}''' byla vvedena v ukrajinsky pravopis, najprvo v [[Ukrajinska azbuka#Reformy 19. stolětja|''želehivku'']] 1886 g. Na početku ona takože služila za označen‌je «silno smekčenogo {{MFA|i}}» poslě zubnyh suglaskah '''{{-|д}}''', '''{{-|т}}''', '''{{-|з}}''', '''{{-|ц}}''', '''{{-|с}}''', '''{{-|л}}''' i '''{{-|н}}''', osoblivo v pozicijah, kde ona razvila se iz staroslovjanskoj [[Ѣ|jati]] (napr. {{Lang|uk|хлїб, дїд, нинї, цїлий}}), kogda jednočasno bukva '''{{-|і}}''' koristala se za označen‌je zvuka razvitogo iz davnogo {{MFA|o}} (napr. {{Lang|uk|тік, діл}}). Tuta razlika istnovala glavno na zapadu Ukrajiny, na vozhodu byla odsutna. Vslěd togo v [[Ukrajinska azbuka|kompromisnom pravopisu]] 1928 g. '''{{-|ї}}''' koristaje se samo na početku slova, poslě samoglasky, poslě [[Ь|mekkogo znaka]] ili poslě apostrofa. Jednakože v [[Rusinsky jezyk|rusinskom]] starějša norma ostala.

Prěd vveden‌jem bukvy '''{{-|[[Ј (kirilica)|ј]]}}''' v [[Srbsky jezyk|srbsky]] i pozdněje v [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonsky]] pravopisy, zaměsto njej poněkogda koristala se bukva '''{{-|ї}}''' za označen‌je glasky {{MFA|j}}.

V prvoj pečatanoj gramatikě [[Udmurtsky jezyk|udmurtskogo jezyka]] iz 1775 g. («{{Lang|ru|Сочиненія принадлежащія къ грамматикѣ вотскаго языка}}»), ktorogo avtorom pravdopodobno byl kazanjsky arhiepiskop Veniamin Pucek-Grigorovič, bukva '''{{-|ї}}''' byla upotrěbjena prěd samoglaskami, napr. {{Lang|udm|кїо́нъ}} «volk», {{Lang|udm|сїисько̀}} «ja jem» (v sučasnoj ortografiji {{Lang|udm|кион}}, {{Lang|udm|сиисько}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://elibrary.unatlib.ru/web/viewer.html?dsfile=95e81e66-468d-4412-a134-336a046faf13&amp;dstitle=Становление%20и%20развитие%20удмуртской%20графики%20и%20орфографии%20в%20XVIII%20-%20первой%20половине%20XIX%20века | first = Л.М. | last = Ившин | title = Становление и развитие удмуртской графики и орфографии в XVIII — первой половине XIX века | place = Екатеринбург–Ижевск | publisher = УрО РАН | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-5-7691-2135-7 | language = ru | pages = 59–61}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ї | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI | 1-sist16 = 0407 | 1-sist10 = 1031 | 1-alf = YIcy | 1-utf8 = D0 87
| 2-znak = ї | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI | 2-sist16 = 0457 | 2-sist10 = 1111 | 2-alf = yicy | 2-utf8 = D1 97
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0407 | title = U+0407 Cyrillic Capital Letter Yi | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0457 | title = U+0457 Cyrillic Small Letter Yi | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

== Iztočnik ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy И}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q236977}}</text>
      <sha1>4tbt9xu7i7zzojvbxic5e0pizuys69s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ј (kirilica)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2111</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29292</id>
      <parentid>18050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:36:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29292</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2617" sha1="93asxa7ze552x71a23sp6him1vkzpor" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Je - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''Ј ј''' (''je, jota'') je [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva upotrěbjajema medžu drugymi v [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]], [[Črnogorsky jezyk|črnogorskom]], [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom]] i [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskom]] jezykah za označen‌je glasky {{MFA|j}}, zaměsto bukvy '''{{-|[[й]]}}''' v drugyh kirilicah. V [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskoj kiriličnoj azbukě]] ona zajmaje dvanadseto město, poslě '''{{-|[[и]]}}''' i prěd '''{{-|[[к]]}}'''. Jejin ekvivalent v [[Latinica|latinici]] je '''{{-|j}}'''.

Ona byla vvedena v srbsku ortografiju [[Vuk Stefanović Karadžić|Vukom Karadžićem]] v 1818 g. na osnově [[Latinica|latinskoj]] bukvy '''{{-|j}}''', ktora izgledaje identično. Tym sposobom Karadžić odstranil iz srbskoj ortografije ne toliko '''{{-|й}}''', ale takože bukvy '''{{-|ю}}''' i '''{{-|я}}'''. V 1944–1945 lětah ona takože stala čest oficialnoj makedonskoj azbuky, a v 2009 g. črnogorskoj azbuky. Proby vveden‌ja jej v [[Ukrajinsky jezyk|ukrajinsku]] ortografiju v drugoj polovině 19. stolětja (tako nazyvajema [[Ukrajinska azbuka#Reformy 19. stolětja|''drahomanivka'']]) byli bezuspěšne. 

Bukva '''{{-|j}}''' takože je/byla upotrěbjena:
* v [[Azerbajdžansky jezyk|azerbajdžanskoj]] kirilici (oficialna od 1939 do 2001 g., nyně ješče upotrěbjajema v [[Dagestan]]u za glasku {{MFA|j}}
* v [[Kildinsko-saamsky jezyk|kildinsko-saamskom]] jezyku: {{MFA|j̊}}
* v [[Komi-zyrjansky jezyk|komi-zyrjanskoj]] ortografiji [[Vasilij Molodcov|Molodcova]] (1918–1932, 1936–1938): {{MFA|j}}
* v [[Oroksky jezyk|orokskom]] (tungussky jezyk govorjeny na [[Sahalin]]u): {{MFA|j}}
* v [[Osetinsky jezyk|osetinskoj]] ortografiji Sjögrena (do 1923 g.): {{MFA|j}}
* v [[Altajsky jezyk|altajskoj]] ortografiji ona istnuje pored bukvy '''{{-|й}}''' i izgovarjaje se kako {{MFA|ɟ}} ili {{MFA|d͡z}}

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ј | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER JE | 1-sist16 = 0408 | 1-sist10 = 1032 | 1-alf = Jsercy | 1-utf8 = D0 88
| 2-znak = ј | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER JE | 2-sist16 = 0458 | 2-sist10 = 1112 | 2-alf = jsercy | 2-utf8 = D1 98
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0408 | title = U+0408 Cyrillic Capital Letter Je | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0458 | title = U+0458 Cyrillic Small Letter Je | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy И}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q134100}}</text>
      <sha1>93asxa7ze552x71a23sp6him1vkzpor</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Љ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2154</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29295</id>
      <parentid>18215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:43:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29295</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2038" sha1="p8nddyfxbk127b6hzw9ibfbaxlvhcwv" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Lje - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''Љ љ''' (''lje'') je [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva upotrěbjajema v [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]], [[Črnogorsky jezyk|črnogorskom]], [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom]] i [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskom]] jezykah za označen‌je palatalnogo ili [[Palatalizacija|palatalizovanogo]] ekvivalenta bukvy '''{{-|[[л]]}}''': poslědovateljno {{MFA|ʎ}} i {{MFA|lʲ}}. Ona je [[ligatura]] bukvy '''{{-|л}}''' i mekkogo znaka '''{{-|[[ь]]}}'''; v večinstvu ostalyh jezykov pisajemyh kiriliceju, taže sama glaska označaje se dvuznakom '''{{-|ль}}'''.

Ona byla izmysljena [[Vuk Stefanović Karadžić|Vukom Karadžićem]] i vvedena jim v srbsku ortografiju v 1818 g. V 1944–1945 lětah ona takože stala čest oficialnoj makedonskoj azbuky, a v 2009 g. črnogorskoj azbuky. V [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskoj kiriličnoj azbukě]] ona zajmaje petnadseto město, poslě '''{{-|[[л]]}}''' i prěd '''{{-|[[М (kirilica)|м]]}}'''. Jejin ekvivalent v [[Latinica|latinici]] je '''{{-|lj}}'''.

Kromě povyših jezykov, bukva '''{{-|љ}}''' takože upotrěbjaje se v [[Itelmensky jezyk|itelmenskom]] jezyku, govorjenom na poluostrovu [[Kamčatka]], za označen‌je glasky {{MFA|ʎ}}.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Љ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LJE | 1-sist16 = 0409 | 1-sist10 = 1033 | 1-alf = LJcy | 1-utf8 = D0 89
| 2-znak = љ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LJE | 2-sist16 = 0459 | 2-sist10 = 1113 | 2-alf = ljcy | 2-utf8 = D1 99
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+040C | title = U+040C Cyrillic Capital Letter Kje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+045C | title = U+045C Cyrillic Small Letter Kje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Л}}
{{Varianty bukvy Ь}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Л}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q204782}}</text>
      <sha1>p8nddyfxbk127b6hzw9ibfbaxlvhcwv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29296</id>
      <parentid>29295</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:44:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Vněšnje linky */</comment>
      <origin>29296</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2038" sha1="ipxhjtgmxa1cwvnpp70mqv3ad2s70lb" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Lje - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''Љ љ''' (''lje'') je [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva upotrěbjajema v [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]], [[Črnogorsky jezyk|črnogorskom]], [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom]] i [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskom]] jezykah za označen‌je palatalnogo ili [[Palatalizacija|palatalizovanogo]] ekvivalenta bukvy '''{{-|[[л]]}}''': poslědovateljno {{MFA|ʎ}} i {{MFA|lʲ}}. Ona je [[ligatura]] bukvy '''{{-|л}}''' i mekkogo znaka '''{{-|[[ь]]}}'''; v večinstvu ostalyh jezykov pisajemyh kiriliceju, taže sama glaska označaje se dvuznakom '''{{-|ль}}'''.

Ona byla izmysljena [[Vuk Stefanović Karadžić|Vukom Karadžićem]] i vvedena jim v srbsku ortografiju v 1818 g. V 1944–1945 lětah ona takože stala čest oficialnoj makedonskoj azbuky, a v 2009 g. črnogorskoj azbuky. V [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskoj kiriličnoj azbukě]] ona zajmaje petnadseto město, poslě '''{{-|[[л]]}}''' i prěd '''{{-|[[М (kirilica)|м]]}}'''. Jejin ekvivalent v [[Latinica|latinici]] je '''{{-|lj}}'''.

Kromě povyših jezykov, bukva '''{{-|љ}}''' takože upotrěbjaje se v [[Itelmensky jezyk|itelmenskom]] jezyku, govorjenom na poluostrovu [[Kamčatka]], za označen‌je glasky {{MFA|ʎ}}.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Љ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LJE | 1-sist16 = 0409 | 1-sist10 = 1033 | 1-alf = LJcy | 1-utf8 = D0 89
| 2-znak = љ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LJE | 2-sist16 = 0459 | 2-sist10 = 1113 | 2-alf = ljcy | 2-utf8 = D1 99
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+040C | title = U+040C Cyrillic Capital Letter Lje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+045C | title = U+045C Cyrillic Small Letter Lje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Л}}
{{Varianty bukvy Ь}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Л}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q204782}}</text>
      <sha1>ipxhjtgmxa1cwvnpp70mqv3ad2s70lb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29298</id>
      <parentid>29296</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:49:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Vněšnje linky */</comment>
      <origin>29298</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2038" sha1="neaiytdww617g9oaac3fsw2xlofqxtt" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Lje - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''Љ љ''' (''lje'') je [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva upotrěbjajema v [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]], [[Črnogorsky jezyk|črnogorskom]], [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom]] i [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskom]] jezykah za označen‌je palatalnogo ili [[Palatalizacija|palatalizovanogo]] ekvivalenta bukvy '''{{-|[[л]]}}''': poslědovateljno {{MFA|ʎ}} i {{MFA|lʲ}}. Ona je [[ligatura]] bukvy '''{{-|л}}''' i mekkogo znaka '''{{-|[[ь]]}}'''; v večinstvu ostalyh jezykov pisajemyh kiriliceju, taže sama glaska označaje se dvuznakom '''{{-|ль}}'''.

Ona byla izmysljena [[Vuk Stefanović Karadžić|Vukom Karadžićem]] i vvedena jim v srbsku ortografiju v 1818 g. V 1944–1945 lětah ona takože stala čest oficialnoj makedonskoj azbuky, a v 2009 g. črnogorskoj azbuky. V [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskoj kiriličnoj azbukě]] ona zajmaje petnadseto město, poslě '''{{-|[[л]]}}''' i prěd '''{{-|[[М (kirilica)|м]]}}'''. Jejin ekvivalent v [[Latinica|latinici]] je '''{{-|lj}}'''.

Kromě povyših jezykov, bukva '''{{-|љ}}''' takože upotrěbjaje se v [[Itelmensky jezyk|itelmenskom]] jezyku, govorjenom na poluostrovu [[Kamčatka]], za označen‌je glasky {{MFA|ʎ}}.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Љ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LJE | 1-sist16 = 0409 | 1-sist10 = 1033 | 1-alf = LJcy | 1-utf8 = D0 89
| 2-znak = љ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LJE | 2-sist16 = 0459 | 2-sist10 = 1113 | 2-alf = ljcy | 2-utf8 = D1 99
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0409 | title = U+0409 Cyrillic Capital Letter Lje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0459 | title = U+0459 Cyrillic Small Letter Lje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Л}}
{{Varianty bukvy Ь}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Л}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q204782}}</text>
      <sha1>neaiytdww617g9oaac3fsw2xlofqxtt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Њ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2161</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29297</id>
      <parentid>18238</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:48:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29297</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2798" sha1="els8unlwt9o1pm8mxgijiecwqzmfzs4" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Nje - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''Њ њ''' (''nje'') je [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva upotrěbjajema v [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]], [[Črnogorsky jezyk|črnogorskom]], [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom]] i [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskom]] jezykah za označen‌je palatalnogo ili [[Palatalizacija|palatalizovanogo]] ekvivalenta suglasky '''{{-|[[н]]}}''': poslědovateljno {{MFA|ɲ}} i {{MFA|nʲ}}. Ona je [[ligatura]] bukvy '''{{-|н}}''' i mekkogo znaka '''{{-|[[ь]]}}'''; v večinstvu ostalyh jezykov pisajemyh kiriliceju, taže sama glaska označaje se dvuznakom '''{{-|нь}}'''.

Ona byla izmysljena [[Vuk Stefanović Karadžić|Vukom Karadžićem]] i vvedena jim v srbsku ortografiju v 1818 g. V 1944–1945 lětah ona takože stala čest oficialnoj makedonskoj azbuky, a v 2009 g. črnogorskoj azbuky. V [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskoj kiriličnoj azbukě]] ona zajmaje osmnadseto město, poslě '''{{-|[[Н (kirilica)|н]]}}''' i prěd '''{{-|[[О (kirilica)|о]]}}'''. Jejin ekvivalent v [[Latinica|latinici]] je '''{{-|nj}}'''.

Kromě povyših jezykov, bukva '''{{-|њ}}''' takože upotrěbjaje se v [[Itelmensky jezyk|itelmenskom]] jezyku, govorjenom na poluostrovu [[Kamčatka]], za označen‌je glasky {{MFA|ɲ}}; v [[Negidalsky jezyk|negidalskom]] jezyku, govorjenom v [[Habarovsky kraj|Habarovskom kraju]], za označen‌je tojže samoj glasky; v [[Udegejsky jezyk|udegejskom]] jezyku, [[Tungusske jezyky|tungusskom jezyku]] govorjenom v [[Primorksy kraj|Primorskom kraju]], a od 2024 g. takože v [[Kumandinsky jezyk|kumandinskom]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | title = Утвержден кумандинский алфавит | url = https://raipon.info/press-tsentr/novosti/utverzhden-kumandinskiy-alfavit-/ | work = Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока | date = 2024-10-21 | language = ru | access-date = 2025-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Њ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER NJE | 1-sist16 = 040A | 1-sist10 = 1034 | 1-alf = NJcy | 1-utf8 = D0 8A
| 2-znak = њ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NJE | 2-sist16 = 045A | 2-sist10 = 1114 | 2-alf = njcy | 2-utf8 = D1 9A
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+040A | title = U+040A Cyrillic Capital Letter Nje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+045A | title = U+045A Cyrillic Small Letter Nje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

== Iztočnik ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Н}}
{{Varianty bukvy Ь}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Н}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q16108}}</text>
      <sha1>els8unlwt9o1pm8mxgijiecwqzmfzs4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ћ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2162</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29299</id>
      <parentid>18244</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:00:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29299</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2134" sha1="pze6rjumyno39kb4bnttlinxrvnimqt" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Tshe - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ћ}}''', '''{{-|ћ}}''' (''čje'') je dvadeset tretja bukva  [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskoj]] [[Kirilica|kirilice]]. Ona označaje bezzvučnu alveolopalatalnu afrikatu {{MFA|t͡ɕ}}. Jejin ekvivalent v [[Latinica|latinici]] je '''{{-|ć}}'''.

Etimologično ona javi se na městu [[Praslovjansky jezyk|praslovjanskogo]] jotovanogo '''t''' (-tj-), v svezi s čim odpovědaje [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskomu]] '''{{-|[[ќ]]}}''', [[Bulgarsky jezyk|bulgarskomu]] '''{{-|[[щ]]}}''', [[Poljsky jezyk|poljskomu]] '''{{-|c}}''' i [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskomu]] '''č''' (v [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety#Dodatočne latinske bukvy etimologičnogo alfabeta|etimologičnom pravopisu]] '''ć'''). Jejna rukopisna forma izgledaje tako: &amp;nbsp; [[Fajl:Caractère cyrillique d'écriture, Ћ ћ.png | 60px]].

Bukva '''{{-|Ћ}}''' izvodi se iz [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj]] bukvy ''djerv'' ([[Ꙉ|Ꙉ ꙉ]]), ktora v srbskoj kirilici prvopočetno označala zvučnu suglasku, ale od 14. stolětja jednočasno označala i zvučnu i bezzvučnu suglasku. Pozdněje tuta bukva byla oživjena v formě '''{{-|[[Ћ]]}}''' za bezzvučnu glasku, a na jejnoj osnově za zvučny ekvivalent byla izmysljena bukva '''[[Ђ]]'''. Obě bukvy byli vvedene v novy srbsky pravopis [[Vuk Karadžić|Vuka Karadžića]] v 1818 g.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ћ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSHE | 1-sist16 = 040B | 1-sist10 = 1035 | 1-alf = TSHcy | 1-utf8 = D0 8B
| 2-znak = ћ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSHE | 2-sist16 = 045B | 2-sist10 = 1115 | 2-alf = tshcy | 2-utf8 = D1 9B
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+040B | title = U+040B Cyrillic Capital Letter Tshe | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+045B | title = U+045B Cyrillic Small Letter Tshe | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Т}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Т}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q269672}}</text>
      <sha1>pze6rjumyno39kb4bnttlinxrvnimqt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ќ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2163</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29293</id>
      <parentid>18249</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:40:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29293</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1736" sha1="51rbdn4pyqtlsdy4xpjs375q8pt20r5" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Kje - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ќ}}''', '''{{-|ќ}}''' (''kje, {{-|ć|ћ}}e, K s akutom'') je bukva [[Kirilica|kiriličnoj azbuky]], ktora istnuje samo v [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom pravopisu]], kde ona označaje bezzvučny palatalny eksplosiv {{MFA|c}}, v někojih narěčjah bezzvučnu alveolo-palatalnu afrikatu {{MFA|t͡ɕ}}. V romanizacijah ona najčestěje zaměnjaje se na {{-|'''ḱ''', '''kj'''}} ili {{-|'''ķ'''}}. Ačekoli jejna forma je osnovana na bukvě '''{{-|[[К (kirilica)|к]]}}''', v makedonskom alfabetičnom redu nahodi se na dvadeset četvrtom městu, poslě bukvy '''{{-|[[т]]}}'''.

Etimologično ona najčestěje proizhodi od protoslovjanskogo jotovanogo '''t''' (tj), v svezi s tym odpovědaje [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskomu]] '''{{-|[[ћ]]}}''' ({{-|ć}}), [[Bulgarsky jezyk|bulgarskomu]] '''{{-|щ}}''' ({{-|št}}) i [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskomu]] '''č''', napr.: ''{{-|ноќ}}'' «noč», ''{{-|веќе}}'' «veče», i t.d.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ќ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KJE | 1-sist16 = 040C | 1-sist10 = 1036 | 1-alf = KJcy | 1-utf8 = D0 8C
| 2-znak = ќ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KJE | 2-sist16 = 045C | 2-sist10 = 1116 | 2-alf = kjcy | 2-utf8 = D1 9C
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+040C | title = U+040C Cyrillic Capital Letter Kje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+045C | title = U+045C Cyrillic Small Letter Kje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy К}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q318641}}</text>
      <sha1>51rbdn4pyqtlsdy4xpjs375q8pt20r5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29294</id>
      <parentid>29293</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T12:41:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>29294</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1736" sha1="26qbb8or92hlihsl8ejheq0jyegt4f8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Kje - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ќ}}''', '''{{-|ќ}}''' (''kje, {{-|ć|ћ}}e, k s akutom'') je bukva [[Kirilica|kiriličnoj azbuky]], ktora istnuje samo v [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom pravopisu]], kde ona označaje bezzvučny palatalny eksplosiv {{MFA|c}}, v někojih narěčjah bezzvučnu alveolo-palatalnu afrikatu {{MFA|t͡ɕ}}. V romanizacijah ona najčestěje zaměnjaje se na {{-|'''ḱ''', '''kj'''}} ili {{-|'''ķ'''}}. Ačekoli jejna forma je osnovana na bukvě '''{{-|[[К (kirilica)|к]]}}''', v makedonskom alfabetičnom redu nahodi se na dvadeset četvrtom městu, poslě bukvy '''{{-|[[т]]}}'''.

Etimologično ona najčestěje proizhodi od protoslovjanskogo jotovanogo '''t''' (tj), v svezi s tym odpovědaje [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskomu]] '''{{-|[[ћ]]}}''' ({{-|ć}}), [[Bulgarsky jezyk|bulgarskomu]] '''{{-|щ}}''' ({{-|št}}) i [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskomu]] '''č''', napr.: ''{{-|ноќ}}'' «noč», ''{{-|веќе}}'' «veče», i t.d.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ќ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KJE | 1-sist16 = 040C | 1-sist10 = 1036 | 1-alf = KJcy | 1-utf8 = D0 8C
| 2-znak = ќ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KJE | 2-sist16 = 045C | 2-sist10 = 1116 | 2-alf = kjcy | 2-utf8 = D1 9C
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+040C | title = U+040C Cyrillic Capital Letter Kje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+045C | title = U+045C Cyrillic Small Letter Kje | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy К}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q318641}}</text>
      <sha1>26qbb8or92hlihsl8ejheq0jyegt4f8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ў</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2164</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29300</id>
      <parentid>18253</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:04:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29300</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3602" sha1="b3gzji5yg2qpyopyjl1yzsaq4x2fyfo" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter short U - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ў}}''', '''{{-|ў}}''' ({{Jezyky|be|У нескладовае}}, {{Jezyky|ru|У краткое}}) je bukva [[Kirilica|kiriličnoj azbuky]], upotrěbjajema v [[Bělorussky jezyk|bělorusskom]] i někojih neslovjanskyh jezykah. Ona izgledaje kako bukva '''{{-|[[У (kirilica)|у]]}}''' s [[brevis]]om, služečim kako znak kratkosti. 

[[Fajl:Monument to 22nd Letter of Belarusian Alphabet - Polotsk - Vitebsk Oblast - Belarus (27016638043).jpg | thumb | left | 140px | Fragment pametnika bukvě «{{-|Ў}}» v gradu [[Polock]]]]
Brevis – pozajety od [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskogo pisma]] ale v legko izměnjenoj formě – pojavil se v [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskoj]] pismennosti v 15.-16. stolětjah za različen‌je medžu dolgym i kratkym '''{{-|[[и]]}}'''. V někojih bělorusskyh izdan‌jah konca 16. - početka 17. stolětij pojavila se ''[[Ѵ|ižica]] s kratkoju'' (Ѵ̆, ѵ̆), pozdněje v [[Rumunska kirilica|rumunskoj kirilici]] upotrěbjal se ''gammaobrazny uk s kratkoju'' (Ꙋ̆ ꙋ̆). Odtud bukva '''{{-|ў}}''' byla pozajeta v [[Ukrajinsky jezyk|ukrajinskom]] almanaku ''{{-|Русалка Днѣстровая}}'' 1837 g., uže skoro v sučasnoj formě. V bělorusskom ona byla vprvo prědložena v 1870 g. – ačekoli raněje v [[Bělorusska latinica|bělorusskoj latinici]] uže byli koristane varianty kako {{-|'''ŭ'''}}, {{-|'''ú'''}} i {{-|'''w̆'''}} – i koristana v publikacijah od 1890-yh lět. V 1933 g. ona byla oficialno vvedena v bělorussky pravopis.

V bělorusskom, tuta bukva izgovarjaje se kako labiovelarny aproksimant {{MFA|w}}. Ona pojavjaje se glavno v pozicijah, kde historično nahodi se /v/ ili /l/ poslě samoglasky i prěd suglaskoju ili na koncu slova, napr. {{-|''воўк''}} «volk», {{-|''аўто''}} «avto», {{-|''доўг''}} «dolg», {{-|''леў''}} «lev», {{-|''каля ўніверсітэта''}} «kolo universiteta». Ona transliteruje se na latinicu kako {{-|'''ŭ'''}} (napr. v standardu [[ISO 9]]), poněkogda takože kako {{-|'''w'''}}.

V [[Uzbeksky jezyk|uzbekskoj kirilici]], ktora v 1995 g. byla oficialno zaměnjena latiniceju ale i nyně je ješče široko koristajema, bukva '''ў''' označaje samoglasku {{MFA|o}}. V nyněšnjem latiničnom pravopisu jej odpovědnik je bukva '''{{-|oʻ}}''', napr. kir. ''{{-|Ўзбекистон}}'', lat. ''{{-|Oʻzbekiston}}'' «[[Uzbekistan]]».

Kromě togo, ona upotrěbjaje se v [[Karakalpaksky jezyk|karakalpakskom]] za glasku {{MFA|w}}, v [[Karačajevo-balkarsky jezyk|karačajevo-balkarskom]] za glasku {{MFA|y}}, v [[Dungansky jezyk|dunganskom]] za glasku {{MFA|u}} i v [[Juitsky jezyk|juitskom/jupikskom]] za glasku {{MFA|β}}, a takože od nedavna v [[Nivhsky jezyk|nivhskom]] za glasku {{MFA|w}}. 
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ў | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT U | 1-sist16 = 040E | 1-sist10 = 1038 | 1-alf = Ubrcy | 1-utf8 = D0 8E
| 2-znak = ў | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT U | 2-sist16 = 045E | 2-sist10 = 1118 | 2-alf = ubrcy | 2-utf8 = D1 9E
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+040E | title = U+040E Cyrillic Capital Letter Short U | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+045E | title = U+045E Cyrillic Small Letter Short U | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy У}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:У}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q236983}}</text>
      <sha1>b3gzji5yg2qpyopyjl1yzsaq4x2fyfo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Џ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2165</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29301</id>
      <parentid>18259</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:07:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29301</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2409" sha1="ms83z28omdtbyghlwc1rf2fo4jo6sx9" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Dzhe - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Џ}}''', '''{{-|џ}}''' (''dže'') je [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva, upotrěbjajema v [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskoj]], [[Črnogorsky jezyk|črnogorskoj]] i [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskoj]] azbukah, kde označaje soglasku {{MFA|d͡ʒ}}, a takože v [[Abhazsky jezyk|abhazskoj]] azbukě, kde označaje soglasku {{MFA|ɖ͡ʐ}}. Jejin ekvivalent v [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom]] je dvuznak '''[[Дж|dž]]'''.

Tuta bukva pojavila se prvy raz v 15. stolětju v [[Rumunska kirilica|rumunskoj kirilici]] kako izměnjeny variant bukvy '''{{-|[[Ч]]}}''', a v 17. stolětju jejna upotrěba razprostranila se v [[Srbija|Srbiju]]. [[Vuk Stefanović Karadžić]] vvedl ju v srbsku azbuku, ačekoli v prvoj versiji ješče koristal dvuznak '''{{-|чж}}'''. V 1944 g. ona takože byla vvedena v makedonsku azbuku. Ona upotrěbjaje se glavno v slovah [[Turečsky jezyk|turečskogo]] proizhodžen‌ja.

Proba vveden‌ja bukvy '''{{-|џ}}''' v [[Ukrajinska azbuka|ukrajinsku azbuku]], v almanaku ''{{-|Русалка Днѣстровая}}'' 1837 g., okazala se kratkotrvala.

Někoje druge kirilične azbuky koristajut ine bukvy za označen‌je togože samogo zvuka {{MFA|d͡ʒ}}, napriklad: '''[[Ҷ]]''' ([[Tadžiksky jezyk|tadžiksky]]), '''[[Ҹ]]''' ([[Azerbajdžansky jezyk|azerbajdžansky]] i [[Altajsky jezyk|altajsky]]), '''[[Ӌ]]''' ([[Hakassky jezyk|hakassky]]), '''[[Ӂ]]''' ([[Moldavsky jezyk|moldavsky]], do 1993 [[Gagauzsky jezyk|gagauzsky]]), '''[[Ӝ]]''' ([[Udmurtsky jezyk|udmurtsky]]), '''[[Җ]]''' ([[Kalmyksky jezyk|kalmyksky]], [[Turkmensky jezyk|turkmensky]], [[Ujgursky jezyk|ujgursky]]).

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Џ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZHE | 1-sist16 = 040F | 1-sist10 = 1039 | 1-alf = DZcy | 1-utf8 = D0 8F
| 2-znak = џ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZHE | 2-sist16 = 045F | 2-sist10 = 1119 | 2-alf = dzcy | 2-utf8 = D1 9F
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+040F | title = U+040F Cyrillic Capital Letter Dzhe | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+045F | title = U+045F Cyrillic Small Letter Dzhe | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Џ}}

[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q204789}}</text>
      <sha1>ms83z28omdtbyghlwc1rf2fo4jo6sx9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>А (kirilica)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2168</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29308</id>
      <parentid>29231</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:38:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>29308</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1643" sha1="1gicnfh52g65yld63tevv8m2xyrbanh" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter A - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|А}}''', '''{{-|а}}''' je prva bukva [[Kirilica|kiriličnoj azbuky]]. Kako velika tako i mala bukva izgledaje identično [[Latinica|latinskoj]] bukvě '''{{-|a}}'''. Ona je koristajema vo vsih jezykah pisajemyh kiriliceju. V večinstvu jezykov ona izgovarjaje se v osnovnom kako {{MFA|a}}, ale sut takože jezyky, v ktoryh izgovor je {{MFA|ɑ}} (v [[Ingušsky jezyk|ingušskom]]) ili {{MFA|ə}} (v [[Čečensky jezyk|čečenskom]]).

Ona proizhodila od [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskoj]] bukvy ''alfa'' (Α α). V [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbukě]] ona iměla nazvu «{{-|азъ}}» ({{-|''azŭ''}}) «ja» i [[Starokirilične čisla|čislno značen‌je]] «1». V tečen‌ju historije jejna forma izměnjala se, od [[Fajl:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Azu.svg|24px]] do sučasnoj formy.

V večinstvu jezykov glaska prědstavjena bukvoju '''{{-|а}}''' imaje jotovany ekvivalent '''{{-|[[я]]}}'''.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = А | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A | 1-sist16 = 0410 | 1-sist10 = 1040 | 1-alf = Acy | 1-utf8 = D0 90
| 2-znak = а | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A | 2-sist16 = 0430 | 2-sist10 = 1072 | 2-alf = acy | 2-utf8 = D0 B0
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0410 | title = U+0410 Cyrillic Capital Letter A | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0430| title = U+0430 Cyrillic Small Letter A | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy А}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:А}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]</text>
      <sha1>1gicnfh52g65yld63tevv8m2xyrbanh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Б</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2262</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29309</id>
      <parentid>29235</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:39:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>29309</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2031" sha1="iz9c79f078kiyrplq0a89g0rxihxaxa" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Be - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Б}}''', '''{{-|б}}''' je bukva [[Kirilica|kiriličnoj azbuky]], koristajema vo vsih [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykah]] i skoro vsih ostalyh jezykah pisanyh kiriliceju. V [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskoj kiriličnoj azbukě]] ona zajmaje vtoro město, poslě '''{{-|[[А (kirilica)|а]]}}''' i prěd '''{{-|[[В (kirilica)|в]]}}'''. Jejin ekvivalent v [[Latinica|latinici]] je '''{{-|b}}'''.

Tako samo, kako bukva '''{{-|[[В (kirilica)|в]]}}''' {{MFA|v}} ona izvodi se iz [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskoj]] bukvy ''beta'' (Β β), ktora proizhodila od [[Feničsko pismo|feničskoj]] bukvy '''𐤁''' (''bet''). 

Kako vtora bukva [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbuky]] iměla nazvu ''бѹкꙑ́'' (buky) «bukva», ale v protivnosti k jejnomu [[Glagolica|glagoličnomu]] ekvivalentu (Ⰱ) ne iměla [[Starokirilične čisla|numeričnogo značen‌ja]]: čislo «2» prědstavjala bukva '''{{-|в}}''', kako v [[Grečsky jezyk|grečskoj]] sistemě.

V [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskoj]] i [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskoj]] kirilici mala bukva '''{{-|б}}''' odličaje se něčto od ostalyh kirilic:

[[Fajl:Б Cambria.svg|150px|thumb|left|Razlika medžu srbsko-makedonskoju versijeju (3) i ostalymi (2)]]
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Б | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE | 1-sist16 = 0411 | 1-sist10 = 1041 | 1-alf = Bcy | 1-utf8 = D0 91
| 2-znak = б | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE | 2-sist16 = 0431 | 2-sist10 = 1073 | 2-alf = bcy | 2-utf8 = D0 B1
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0411 | title = U+0411 Cyrillic Capital Letter Be | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0431 | title = U+0431 Cyrillic Small Letter Be | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Б}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q16291}}</text>
      <sha1>iz9c79f078kiyrplq0a89g0rxihxaxa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>В (kirilica)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2334</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29310</id>
      <parentid>29234</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:39:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>29310</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2227" sha1="ggm3tpg5c9ynoftzkj2rm5poszkikrj" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Ve - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|В}}''', '''{{-|в}}''' je bukva [[Kirilica|kiriličnoj azbuky]]. Ačekoli velika bukva izgledaje točno kako latinsko '''B''' {{MFA|b}} i obě bukvy izvodet se iz tojže samoj [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskoj]] bukvy ''beta'' (Β β), jejin standardny izgovor v občem nahodi se v oblasti medžu {{MFA|v}} i {{MFA|w}}. V [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|medžuslovjanskoj kiriličnoj azbukě]] ona zajmaje tretje město, poslě '''{{-|[[б]]}}''' i prěd '''{{-|[[г]]}}'''. Jejin ekvivalent v [[Latinica|latinici]] je ‹{{-|v}}›.

Ona takože byla tretja bukva [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbuky]], kde iměla nazvu ''вѣдѣ'' (vědě) «znaju». Pod [[titlo]]m prěstavjala čislo «2» v [[Starokirilične čisla|starokiriličnoj numeraciji]], hoti jejin [[Glagolica|glagoličny]] ekvivalent (Ⰲ) iměla čislno značen‌je «3». 

V [[Russky jezyk|russkom]], [[Makedonsky jezyk|makedonskom]] i [[Bulgarsky jezyk|bulgarskom]] bukva '''{{-|в}}''' imaje osnovny izgovor {{MFA|v}} ({{MFA|f}} na koncu slova, {{MFA|vʲ}} prěd [[Palatalizacija|palatalizujučeju]] samoglaskoju). V [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]] i [[Bělorussky jezyk|bělorusskom]] ona vsegda izgovarjaje se kako {{MFA|v}}. V [[Ukrajinsky jezyk|ukrajinskom]] jejin standardny izgovor je {{MFA|β}} ili {{MFA|ʋ}}, ale {{MFA|w}} na koncu slova ili prěd suglaskoju. V [[Mongolsky jezyk|mongolskom]], [[Kalmyksky jezyk|kalmykskom]] i [[Kavkazske jezyky|kavkazskyh jezykah]] ona prědstavjaje glasku {{MFA|w}}. 

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = В | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE | 1-sist16 = 0412 | 1-sist10 = 1042 | 1-alf = Vcy | 1-utf8 = D0 92
| 2-znak = в | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE | 2-sist16 = 0432 | 2-sist10 = 1074 | 2-alf = vcy | 2-utf8 = D0 B2
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0412 | title = U+0412 Cyrillic Capital Letter Ve | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0432 | title = U+0432 Cyrillic Small Letter Ve | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy В}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q16352}}</text>
      <sha1>ggm3tpg5c9ynoftzkj2rm5poszkikrj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Епика о Гилгамешу</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2523</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29313</id>
      <parentid>29044</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T15:16:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Мурад 97</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Одкрытје */</comment>
      <origin>29313</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4259" sha1="44029mwa9lq451msvxnfbi66xa2sc6u" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:British Museum Flood Tablet.jpg|thumb|]]

'''Епика о Гилгамешу''' јест литературна творба разважајема давнєјшеј, ктора је дошла до днес.&lt;ref&gt;[https://yalebooks.yale.edu/2020/04/30/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/]&lt;/ref&gt; Она разказываје о Краљу [[Uruk|Урука]]. 

Нєкоје из [[Šumeri|шумерских]] поэм эпики датујемы добоју Третјеј Династије Ур. Позднєјша Аккадска версија јест важны източник дља сучасных прєводов. А старєјши версији изкористаны же бы заполњати пропусты.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |translator=Andrew R. George |year=2003 |orig-year=1999 |title=The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian |edition=reprinted |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London, England |isbn=0-14-044919-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780140449198 |url-access=registration |oclc=901129328 |ref={{Harvid|George|2003}} }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Сjужет ==

Протагонисти эпики сут полубог, Краљ Урука, могучи војин, Гилгамеш и дикы чловек, створјены богыњеју Аруру из глины, Енкиду. Богыња створила Енкиду же бы он противдєјал Гилгамешу, когды обыватељи Урука сут обратили се к нјеј с жалобоју на својего Краља.

== Одкрытје ==

В 1850-х годах Остин Хенри Лајард со својими помочниками Хормуздом Рассамом и Уиљамом Лофтусом бєху изјавили 15 000 одломков Ассиријского клинописа в библиотекє Ашурбанипала.&lt;ref name=tangled&gt;{{Cite journal |last=George |first=Andrew R. |date=2008 |title=Shattered tablets and tangled threads: Editing Gilgamesh, then and now |url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/7497 |journal=Aramazd. Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=3 |pages=7–30 |access-date=12 September 2018 |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208175153/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7497/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; В году 1852 Рассам је проводил копанје во второј чести библиотекы. Потом он је прєдал табелы в Британскы Музеј.&lt;ref name=Керам&gt;{{cite book|author=Керам К. |title=Боги, гробницы, ученые |publisher=Республика |year=1994 | pages=351 |isbn=5-250-02261-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; В томже десетилєтју Британскы Музеј је повєрил јих прєводженје Джорджу Смиту. Он је прєдставил прєводжены чести Библејскому Археологичному Дружству ({{-|Society of Biblical Archaeology}}) в году 1872.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/chad/ |title=The Chaldean Account of the Deluge |last=Smith |first=George |date=3 December 1872 |website=Sacred Texts |access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411045721/https://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/chad/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; В јего прєводу ему Гилгамеша је было Издумар тому же оногды не знали изговора тој логограмы.&lt;ref name=tangled&gt;{{Cite journal |last=George |first=Andrew R. |date=2008 |title=Shattered tablets and tangled threads: Editing Gilgamesh, then and now |url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/7497 |journal=Aramazd. Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=3 |pages=7–30 |access-date=12 September 2018 |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208175153/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7497/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lins Brandão, 2019. стр. 11&lt;/ref&gt;

== Източникы ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategorija:Книжевност]]
[[Kategorija:Митологија]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q8272}}</text>
      <sha1>44029mwa9lq451msvxnfbi66xa2sc6u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29314</id>
      <parentid>29313</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T15:16:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Мурад 97</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Одкрытје */</comment>
      <origin>29314</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4259" sha1="ieyof0zv90whe6n8z15hajjqrukzp9t" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:British Museum Flood Tablet.jpg|thumb|]]

'''Епика о Гилгамешу''' јест литературна творба разважајема давнєјшеј, ктора је дошла до днес.&lt;ref&gt;[https://yalebooks.yale.edu/2020/04/30/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/]&lt;/ref&gt; Она разказываје о Краљу [[Uruk|Урука]]. 

Нєкоје из [[Šumeri|шумерских]] поэм эпики датујемы добоју Третјеј Династије Ур. Позднєјша Аккадска версија јест важны източник дља сучасных прєводов. А старєјши версији изкористаны же бы заполњати пропусты.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |translator=Andrew R. George |year=2003 |orig-year=1999 |title=The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian |edition=reprinted |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London, England |isbn=0-14-044919-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780140449198 |url-access=registration |oclc=901129328 |ref={{Harvid|George|2003}} }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Сjужет ==

Протагонисти эпики сут полубог, Краљ Урука, могучи војин, Гилгамеш и дикы чловек, створјены богыњеју Аруру из глины, Енкиду. Богыња створила Енкиду же бы он противдєјал Гилгамешу, когды обыватељи Урука сут обратили се к нјеј с жалобоју на својего Краља.

== Одкрытје ==

В 1850-х годах Остин Хенри Лајард со својими помочниками Хормуздом Рассамом и Уиљамом Лофтусом бєху изјавили 15 000 одломков Ассиријского клинописа в библиотекє Ашурбанипала.&lt;ref name=tangled&gt;{{Cite journal |last=George |first=Andrew R. |date=2008 |title=Shattered tablets and tangled threads: Editing Gilgamesh, then and now |url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/7497 |journal=Aramazd. Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=3 |pages=7–30 |access-date=12 September 2018 |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208175153/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7497/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; В году 1852 Рассам је проводил копанје во второј чести библиотекы. Потом он је прєдал табелы в Британскы Музеј.&lt;ref name=Керам&gt;{{cite book|author=Керам К. |title=Боги, гробницы, ученые |publisher=Республика |year=1994 | pages=351 |isbn=5-250-02261-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; В томже десетилєтју Британскы Музеј је повєрил јих прєводженје Джорджу Смиту. Он је прєдставил прєводжены чести Библејскому Археологичному Дружству ({{-|Society of Biblical Archaeology}}) в году 1872.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/chad/ |title=The Chaldean Account of the Deluge |last=Smith |first=George |date=3 December 1872 |website=Sacred Texts |access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411045721/https://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/chad/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; В јего прєводу име Гилгамеша је было Издумар тому же оногды не знали изговора тој логограмы.&lt;ref name=tangled&gt;{{Cite journal |last=George |first=Andrew R. |date=2008 |title=Shattered tablets and tangled threads: Editing Gilgamesh, then and now |url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/7497 |journal=Aramazd. Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=3 |pages=7–30 |access-date=12 September 2018 |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208175153/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7497/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lins Brandão, 2019. стр. 11&lt;/ref&gt;

== Източникы ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategorija:Книжевност]]
[[Kategorija:Митологија]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q8272}}</text>
      <sha1>ieyof0zv90whe6n8z15hajjqrukzp9t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29315</id>
      <parentid>29314</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T19:14:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29315</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4305" sha1="ir089gzr4mq4x3p4i5cy3w5666gbfb0" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:British Museum Flood Tablet.jpg|thumb|]]

'''Епика о Гилгамешу''' јест литературна творба разважајема давнєјшеј, ктора је дошла до днес.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = https://yalebooks.yale.edu/2020/04/30/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/| title=The Epic of Gilgamesh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Она разказываје о Краљу [[Uruk|Урука]]. 

Нєкоје из [[Šumeri|шумерских]] поэм эпики датујемы добоју Третјеј Династије Ур. Позднєјша Аккадска версија јест важны източник дља сучасных прєводов. А старєјши версији изкористаны же бы заполњати пропусты.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |translator=Andrew R. George |year=2003 |orig-year=1999 |title=The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian |edition=reprinted |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London, England |isbn=0-14-044919-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780140449198 |url-access=registration |oclc=901129328 |ref={{Harvid|George|2003}} }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Сjужет ==

Протагонисти эпики сут полубог, Краљ Урука, могучи војин, Гилгамеш и дикы чловек, створјены богыњеју Аруру из глины, Енкиду. Богыња створила Енкиду же бы он противдєјал Гилгамешу, когды обыватељи Урука сут обратили се к нјеј с жалобоју на својего Краља.

== Одкрытје ==

В 1850-х годах Остин Хенри Лајард со својими помочниками Хормуздом Рассамом и Уиљамом Лофтусом бєху изјавили 15 000 одломков Ассиријского клинописа в библиотекє Ашурбанипала.&lt;ref name=tangled&gt;{{Cite journal |last=George |first=Andrew R. |date=2008 |title=Shattered tablets and tangled threads: Editing Gilgamesh, then and now |url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/7497 |journal=Aramazd. Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=3 |pages=7–30 |access-date=12 September 2018 |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208175153/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7497/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; В году 1852 Рассам је проводил копанје во второј чести библиотекы. Потом он је прєдал табелы в Британскы Музеј.&lt;ref name=Керам&gt;{{cite book|author=Керам К. |title=Боги, гробницы, ученые |publisher=Республика |year=1994 | pages=351 |isbn=5-250-02261-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; В томже десетилєтју Британскы Музеј је повєрил јих прєводженје Джорджу Смиту. Он је прєдставил прєводжены чести Библејскому Археологичному Дружству ({{-|Society of Biblical Archaeology}}) в году 1872.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/chad/ |title=The Chaldean Account of the Deluge |last=Smith |first=George |date=3 December 1872 |website=Sacred Texts |access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411045721/https://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/chad/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; В јего прєводу име Гилгамеша је было Издумар тому же оногды не знали изговора тој логограмы.&lt;ref name=tangled&gt;{{Cite journal |last=George |first=Andrew R. |date=2008 |title=Shattered tablets and tangled threads: Editing Gilgamesh, then and now |url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/7497 |journal=Aramazd. Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=3 |pages=7–30 |access-date=12 September 2018 |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208175153/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7497/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lins Brandão, 2019. стр. 11&lt;/ref&gt;

== Източникы ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategorija:Книжевност]]
[[Kategorija:Митологија]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q8272}}</text>
      <sha1>ir089gzr4mq4x3p4i5cy3w5666gbfb0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29324</id>
      <parentid>29315</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T06:53:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Мурад 97</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Одкрытје */</comment>
      <origin>29324</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4309" sha1="8qmry4cfpz1euvquq180xg67yznlo7b" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:British Museum Flood Tablet.jpg|thumb|]]

'''Епика о Гилгамешу''' јест литературна творба разважајема давнєјшеј, ктора је дошла до днес.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = https://yalebooks.yale.edu/2020/04/30/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/| title=The Epic of Gilgamesh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Она разказываје о Краљу [[Uruk|Урука]]. 

Нєкоје из [[Šumeri|шумерских]] поэм эпики датујемы добоју Третјеј Династије Ур. Позднєјша Аккадска версија јест важны източник дља сучасных прєводов. А старєјши версији изкористаны же бы заполњати пропусты.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |translator=Andrew R. George |year=2003 |orig-year=1999 |title=The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian |edition=reprinted |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London, England |isbn=0-14-044919-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780140449198 |url-access=registration |oclc=901129328 |ref={{Harvid|George|2003}} }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Сjужет ==

Протагонисти эпики сут полубог, Краљ Урука, могучи војин, Гилгамеш и дикы чловек, створјены богыњеју Аруру из глины, Енкиду. Богыња створила Енкиду же бы он противдєјал Гилгамешу, когды обыватељи Урука сут обратили се к нјеј с жалобоју на својего Краља.

== Одкрытје ==

В 1850-х годах Остин Хенри Лајард со својими помочниками Хормуздом Рассамом и Уиљамом Лофтусом бєху изјавили 15 000 одломков Ассиријского клинописа в библиотекє Ашурбанипала.&lt;ref name=tangled&gt;{{Cite journal |last=George |first=Andrew R. |date=2008 |title=Shattered tablets and tangled threads: Editing Gilgamesh, then and now |url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/7497 |journal=Aramazd. Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=3 |pages=7–30 |access-date=12 September 2018 |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208175153/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7497/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; В году 1852 Рассам је проводил копанје во второј чести библиотекы. Потом он је прєдал табелы в Британскы Музеј.&lt;ref name=Керам&gt;{{cite book|author=Керам К. |title=Боги, гробницы, ученые |publisher=Республика |year=1994 | pages=351 |isbn=5-250-02261-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; В томже десетилєтју Британскы Музеј је повєрил јих прєводженје Джорджу Смиту. Он је прєдставил прєводжены чести Библејскому Археологичному Дружству ({{-|Society of Biblical Archaeology}}) в году 1872.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/chad/ |title=The Chaldean Account of the Deluge |last=Smith |first=George |date=3 December 1872 |website=Sacred Texts |access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411045721/https://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/chad/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; В јего прєводу име Гилгамеша је было Издумар тому же оногды не знали изговора тој [[логограм]]ы.&lt;ref name=tangled&gt;{{Cite journal |last=George |first=Andrew R. |date=2008 |title=Shattered tablets and tangled threads: Editing Gilgamesh, then and now |url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/7497 |journal=Aramazd. Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=3 |pages=7–30 |access-date=12 September 2018 |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208175153/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7497/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lins Brandão, 2019. стр. 11&lt;/ref&gt;

== Източникы ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategorija:Книжевност]]
[[Kategorija:Митологија]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q8272}}</text>
      <sha1>8qmry4cfpz1euvquq180xg67yznlo7b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>З́</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2548</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29306</id>
      <parentid>19670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:37:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29306</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1672" sha1="exfojtiu2svubq3qzt0tq7bmziq9wzz" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Zje - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|З́}}''', '''{{-|з́}}''' (''zje'', ''z s akutom'') je bukva [[Črnogorsky jezyk|črnogorskoj]] [[Kirilica|kirilice]], ktora byla vvedena v 2009 g. za označen‌je zvučnogo alveolo-palatalnogo frikativa {{MFA|ʑ}}, odsutnogo v [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]]. Ona transliteruje se na [[Latinica|latinicu]] pozajetoju iz [[Poljsky jezyk|poljskogo]] bukvoju '''{{-|ź}}'''. Jejin bezzvučny ekvivalent je '''{{-|[[с́]]}}''' (lat. '''{{-|ś}}''').

Zatože tuta bukva byla vvedena odnositeljno nedavno, ona ne istnuje kako samostojny znak v [[Unikod]]u. Zaměsto togo piše se kako kombinacija bukvy '''{{-|[[З]]}}''' z akutom.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = З | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE | 1-sist16 = 0417 | 1-sist10 = 1047 | 1-alf = Zcy | 1-utf8 = D0 97
| 2-znak = з | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE | 2-sist16 = 0437 | 2-sist10 = 1079 | 2-alf = zcy | 2-utf8 = D0 B7
| 3-znak = ́ | 3-nazva = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT | 3-sist16 = 0301 | 3-sist10 = 769 | 3-utf8 = CC 81
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0417 | title = U+0417 Cyrillic Capital Letter Ze | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0437 | title = U+0437 Cyrillic Small Letter Ze | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0301 | title = U+301 Combining Acute Accent | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy З}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:З}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q3661746}}</text>
      <sha1>exfojtiu2svubq3qzt0tq7bmziq9wzz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Koristnik:Ilja isv/pěskovišče</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>2830</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29325</id>
      <parentid>29024</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T07:22:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky */</comment>
      <origin>29325</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16648" sha1="dme2u5jj0lqdmclafc48ymovls8n352" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V standardnom [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom jezyku]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut vpolno dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnzmi odpovědnostemi japonskyh sčetnyh slov, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju anoligijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V zastarělyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem ovogo slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Конструкции с суффиксами, употребляющимися с несчётными (в русском языке) существительными, тоже выглядят для носителей русского языка естественно. В разговорном русском допустимо говорить «дайте три молока и два сока», однако в грамотной речи и на письме необходимо уточнение, например, «три бутылки молока и два пакета сока». Поэтому японские счётные суффиксы, употребляющиеся с несчётными существительными, переводятся на русский естественным образом («два рулона обоев», «чашка чая»).
# Наиболее сложны для понимания конструкции, в которых счётные суффиксы используются со счётными существительными. Например, выражение «в семье три ребёнка» в японском языке будет содержать не только слово «ребёнок», но и счётный суффикс для обозначения людей: «детей в семье три человека». Аналогично, нельзя сказать «я купил три яблока», обязательно требуется счётный суффикс для обозначения мелких предметов: «я купил яблок три штуки». В большинстве же случаев японские конструкции и вовсе невозможно точно передать по-русски с указанием на существование счётного суффикса.

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>dme2u5jj0lqdmclafc48ymovls8n352</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29326</id>
      <parentid>29325</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T07:27:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky */</comment>
      <origin>29326</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16642" sha1="8vkcmki933m95a1frdytcafq83wxju6" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V standardnom [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom jezyku]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut vpolno dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnzmi odpovědnostemi japonskyh sčetnyh slov, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju anoligijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V zastarělyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Конструкции с суффиксами, употребляющимися с несчётными (в русском языке) существительными, тоже выглядят для носителей русского языка естественно. В разговорном русском допустимо говорить «дайте три молока и два сока», однако в грамотной речи и на письме необходимо уточнение, например, «три бутылки молока и два пакета сока». Поэтому японские счётные суффиксы, употребляющиеся с несчётными существительными, переводятся на русский естественным образом («два рулона обоев», «чашка чая»).
# Наиболее сложны для понимания конструкции, в которых счётные суффиксы используются со счётными существительными. Например, выражение «в семье три ребёнка» в японском языке будет содержать не только слово «ребёнок», но и счётный суффикс для обозначения людей: «детей в семье три человека». Аналогично, нельзя сказать «я купил три яблока», обязательно требуется счётный суффикс для обозначения мелких предметов: «я купил яблок три штуки». В большинстве же случаев японские конструкции и вовсе невозможно точно передать по-русски с указанием на существование счётного суффикса.

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>8vkcmki933m95a1frdytcafq83wxju6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29329</id>
      <parentid>29326</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T08:23:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky */</comment>
      <origin>29329</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16231" sha1="mukxdgc1iam71o9sudhhqrmdk8v4l4z" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V standardnom [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom jezyku]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut vpolno dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnzmi odpovědnostemi japonskyh sčetnyh slov, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju anoligijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V zastarělyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskymi jezykami prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Наиболее сложны для понимания конструкции, в которых счётные суффиксы используются со счётными существительными. Например, выражение «в семье три ребёнка» в японском языке будет содержать не только слово «ребёнок», но и счётный суффикс для обозначения людей: «детей в семье три человека». Аналогично, нельзя сказать «я купил три яблока», обязательно требуется счётный суффикс для обозначения мелких предметов: «я купил яблок три штуки». В большинстве же случаев японские конструкции и вовсе невозможно точно передать по-русски с указанием на существование счётного суффикса.

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>mukxdgc1iam71o9sudhhqrmdk8v4l4z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29330</id>
      <parentid>29329</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T08:23:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky */</comment>
      <origin>29330</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16229" sha1="ly6jxcvv4vrt1mn4h345cnwa7ghkc95" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V standardnom [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom jezyku]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut vpolno dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnzmi odpovědnostemi japonskyh sčetnyh slov, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju anoligijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V zastarělyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Наиболее сложны для понимания конструкции, в которых счётные суффиксы используются со счётными существительными. Например, выражение «в семье три ребёнка» в японском языке будет содержать не только слово «ребёнок», но и счётный суффикс для обозначения людей: «детей в семье три человека». Аналогично, нельзя сказать «я купил три яблока», обязательно требуется счётный суффикс для обозначения мелких предметов: «я купил яблок три штуки». В большинстве же случаев японские конструкции и вовсе невозможно точно передать по-русски с указанием на существование счётного суффикса.

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>ly6jxcvv4vrt1mn4h345cnwa7ghkc95</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29336</id>
      <parentid>29330</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T08:56:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky */</comment>
      <origin>29336</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15780" sha1="6w2kzlsdwx8u25exm86836n66t5k5z0" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V standardnom [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom jezyku]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut vpolno dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnzmi odpovědnostemi japonskyh sčetnyh slov, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju anoligijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V zastarělyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>6w2kzlsdwx8u25exm86836n66t5k5z0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29340</id>
      <parentid>29336</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T09:10:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29340</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="59320" sha1="36thnaedoty1gqyeyylbvzzkkcrzat3" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V standardnom [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom jezyku]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut vpolno dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnzmi odpovědnostemi japonskyh sčetnyh slov, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju anoligijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V zastarělyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Substitution of counters ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{lang|ja|りんご四個}} {{translit|ja|ringo yonko}} where {{wikt-lang|ja|個}} {{translit|ja|ko}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{lang|ja|りんご四つ}} {{translit|ja|ringo yottsu}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{lang|ja|頭}} {{translit|ja|tō}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{lang|ja|二串}} {{translit|ja|futa-kushi}} (two skewers), {{lang|ja|二本}} {{translit|ja|ni-hon}} (two sticks), or {{lang|ja|二つ}} {{translit|ja|futa-tsu}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{lang|ja|男一匹}} {{translit|ja|otoko ippiki}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=What is 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Used to emphasize the idea of a fully fledged young man. Can also refer to a man with a strong character.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{translit|ja|biki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{translit|ja|paku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}} (or {{wikt-lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{translit|ja|bi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{translit|ja|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{translit|ja|bun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{translit|ja|chaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{translit|ja|dan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{translit|ja|danraku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{translit|ja|fude}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{translit|ja|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{translit|ja|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{translit|ja|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{translit|ja|furi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{translit|ja|gakkyū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{translit|ja|go}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{translit|ja|gō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{translit|ja|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{translit|ja|koto}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{translit|ja|gu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{translit|ja|gyō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{translit|ja|hako}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{translit|ja|hari}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{translit|ja|hashira}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{translit|ja|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{translit|ja|patsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{translit|ja|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{translit|ja|pin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{translit|ja|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{translit|ja|pitsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{translit|ja|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{translit|ja|po}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{translit|ja|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{translit|ja|pyō}} 
| {{wikt-lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{translit|ja|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{translit|ja|byōshi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{translit|ja|kabu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{translit|ja|kakoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{translit|ja|kakokugo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{translit|ja|kaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{translit|ja|keitou}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{translit|ja|gen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{translit|ja|kin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{translit|ja|kire}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{translit|ja|koma}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|齣}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{translit|ja|kon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{translit|ja|kuchi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{translit|ja|kumi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{translit|ja|kurasu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{translit|ja|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{translit|ja|maku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{translit|ja|ninmae}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{translit|ja|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{translit|ja|ori}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{translit|ja|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{translit|ja|pēji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ページ}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{translit|ja|ren}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{translit|ja|rin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{translit|ja|ryō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|才}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{translit|ja|sao}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{translit|ja|shina}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{translit|ja|sha}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{translit|ja|shiki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{translit|ja|shō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{translit|ja|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|種類}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{translit|ja|soku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{translit|ja|sō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{translit|ja|taba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{translit|ja|tai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{translit|ja|tawara}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{translit|ja|teki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{translit|ja|ten}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{translit|ja|toki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{translit|ja|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{translit|ja|tōri}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{translit|ja|tsū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{translit|ja|tsubo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{translit|ja|tsubu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{translit|ja|pa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{translit|ja|ya}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{translit|ja|zen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{translit|ja|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{IPA|[h]}} to bilabial {{IPA|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{translit|ja|Jū}} is replaced by either {{translit|ja|ju-}} or {{translit|ja|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{translit|ja|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{translit|ja|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{translit|ja|ichi}}
| {{translit|ja|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{translit|ja|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{translit|ja|san}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{translit|ja|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{translit|ja|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{translit|ja|roku}}
| {{translit|ja|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{translit|ja|hachi}}
| {{translit|ja|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{translit|ja|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{translit|ja|jū}}
| {{translit|ja|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{translit|ja|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{translit|ja|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{translit|ja|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{translit|ja|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{translit|ja|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{translit|ja|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{translit|ja|man}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{translit|ja|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{translit|ja|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>36thnaedoty1gqyeyylbvzzkkcrzat3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29344</id>
      <parentid>29340</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T09:43:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Substitution of counters */</comment>
      <origin>29344</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="59229" sha1="tqx6ou49h9hslcpkyn8p9ekqzdpdu9j" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V standardnom [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom jezyku]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut vpolno dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnzmi odpovědnostemi japonskyh sčetnyh slov, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju anoligijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V zastarělyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Substitution of counters ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{translit|ja|biki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{translit|ja|paku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}} (or {{wikt-lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{translit|ja|bi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{translit|ja|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{translit|ja|bun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{translit|ja|chaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{translit|ja|dan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{translit|ja|danraku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{translit|ja|fude}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{translit|ja|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{translit|ja|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{translit|ja|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{translit|ja|furi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{translit|ja|gakkyū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{translit|ja|go}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{translit|ja|gō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{translit|ja|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{translit|ja|koto}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{translit|ja|gu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{translit|ja|gyō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{translit|ja|hako}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{translit|ja|hari}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{translit|ja|hashira}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{translit|ja|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{translit|ja|patsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{translit|ja|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{translit|ja|pin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{translit|ja|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{translit|ja|pitsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{translit|ja|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{translit|ja|po}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{translit|ja|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{translit|ja|pyō}} 
| {{wikt-lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{translit|ja|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{translit|ja|byōshi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{translit|ja|kabu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{translit|ja|kakoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{translit|ja|kakokugo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{translit|ja|kaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{translit|ja|keitou}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{translit|ja|gen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{translit|ja|kin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{translit|ja|kire}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{translit|ja|koma}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|齣}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{translit|ja|kon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{translit|ja|kuchi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{translit|ja|kumi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{translit|ja|kurasu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{translit|ja|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{translit|ja|maku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{translit|ja|ninmae}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{translit|ja|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{translit|ja|ori}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{translit|ja|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{translit|ja|pēji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ページ}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{translit|ja|ren}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{translit|ja|rin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{translit|ja|ryō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|才}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{translit|ja|sao}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{translit|ja|shina}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{translit|ja|sha}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{translit|ja|shiki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{translit|ja|shō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{translit|ja|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|種類}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{translit|ja|soku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{translit|ja|sō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{translit|ja|taba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{translit|ja|tai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{translit|ja|tawara}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{translit|ja|teki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{translit|ja|ten}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{translit|ja|toki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{translit|ja|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{translit|ja|tōri}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{translit|ja|tsū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{translit|ja|tsubo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{translit|ja|tsubu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{translit|ja|pa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{translit|ja|ya}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{translit|ja|zen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{translit|ja|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{IPA|[h]}} to bilabial {{IPA|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{translit|ja|Jū}} is replaced by either {{translit|ja|ju-}} or {{translit|ja|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{translit|ja|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{translit|ja|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{translit|ja|ichi}}
| {{translit|ja|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{translit|ja|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{translit|ja|san}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{translit|ja|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{translit|ja|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{translit|ja|roku}}
| {{translit|ja|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{translit|ja|hachi}}
| {{translit|ja|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{translit|ja|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{translit|ja|jū}}
| {{translit|ja|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{translit|ja|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{translit|ja|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{translit|ja|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{translit|ja|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{translit|ja|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{translit|ja|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{translit|ja|man}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{translit|ja|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{translit|ja|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>tqx6ou49h9hslcpkyn8p9ekqzdpdu9j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29345</id>
      <parentid>29344</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T09:48:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29345</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="59241" sha1="kr4678uczd247p6sberc0174nsituq6" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Substitution of counters ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{translit|ja|biki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{translit|ja|paku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}} (or {{wikt-lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{translit|ja|bi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{translit|ja|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{translit|ja|bun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{translit|ja|chaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{translit|ja|dan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{translit|ja|danraku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{translit|ja|fude}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{translit|ja|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{translit|ja|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{translit|ja|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{translit|ja|furi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{translit|ja|gakkyū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{translit|ja|go}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{translit|ja|gō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{translit|ja|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{translit|ja|koto}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{translit|ja|gu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{translit|ja|gyō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{translit|ja|hako}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{translit|ja|hari}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{translit|ja|hashira}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{translit|ja|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{translit|ja|patsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{translit|ja|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{translit|ja|pin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{translit|ja|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{translit|ja|pitsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{translit|ja|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{translit|ja|po}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{translit|ja|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{translit|ja|pyō}} 
| {{wikt-lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{translit|ja|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{translit|ja|byōshi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{translit|ja|kabu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{translit|ja|kakoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{translit|ja|kakokugo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{translit|ja|kaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{translit|ja|keitou}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{translit|ja|gen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{translit|ja|kin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{translit|ja|kire}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{translit|ja|koma}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|齣}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{translit|ja|kon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{translit|ja|kuchi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{translit|ja|kumi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{translit|ja|kurasu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{translit|ja|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{translit|ja|maku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{translit|ja|ninmae}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{translit|ja|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{translit|ja|ori}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{translit|ja|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{translit|ja|pēji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ページ}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{translit|ja|ren}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{translit|ja|rin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{translit|ja|ryō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|才}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{translit|ja|sao}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{translit|ja|shina}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{translit|ja|sha}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{translit|ja|shiki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{translit|ja|shō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{translit|ja|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|種類}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{translit|ja|soku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{translit|ja|sō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{translit|ja|taba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{translit|ja|tai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{translit|ja|tawara}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{translit|ja|teki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{translit|ja|ten}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{translit|ja|toki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{translit|ja|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{translit|ja|tōri}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{translit|ja|tsū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{translit|ja|tsubo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{translit|ja|tsubu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{translit|ja|pa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{translit|ja|ya}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{translit|ja|zen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{translit|ja|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{IPA|[h]}} to bilabial {{IPA|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{translit|ja|Jū}} is replaced by either {{translit|ja|ju-}} or {{translit|ja|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{translit|ja|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{translit|ja|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{translit|ja|ichi}}
| {{translit|ja|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{translit|ja|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{translit|ja|san}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{translit|ja|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{translit|ja|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{translit|ja|roku}}
| {{translit|ja|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{translit|ja|hachi}}
| {{translit|ja|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{translit|ja|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{translit|ja|jū}}
| {{translit|ja|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{translit|ja|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{translit|ja|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{translit|ja|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{translit|ja|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{translit|ja|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{translit|ja|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{translit|ja|man}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{translit|ja|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{translit|ja|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>kr4678uczd247p6sberc0174nsituq6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29352</id>
      <parentid>29345</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:33:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Substitution of counters */</comment>
      <origin>29352</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="59241" sha1="qujbkkqygsy7vjs535m235jiy1uy4ym" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{translit|ja|biki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{translit|ja|paku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}} (or {{wikt-lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{translit|ja|bi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{translit|ja|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{translit|ja|bun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{translit|ja|chaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{translit|ja|dan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{translit|ja|danraku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{translit|ja|fude}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{translit|ja|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{translit|ja|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{translit|ja|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{translit|ja|furi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{translit|ja|gakkyū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{translit|ja|go}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{translit|ja|gō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{translit|ja|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{translit|ja|koto}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{translit|ja|gu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{translit|ja|gyō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{translit|ja|hako}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{translit|ja|hari}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{translit|ja|hashira}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{translit|ja|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{translit|ja|patsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{translit|ja|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{translit|ja|pin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{translit|ja|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{translit|ja|pitsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{translit|ja|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{translit|ja|po}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{translit|ja|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{translit|ja|pyō}} 
| {{wikt-lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{translit|ja|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{translit|ja|byōshi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{translit|ja|kabu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{translit|ja|kakoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{translit|ja|kakokugo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{translit|ja|kaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{translit|ja|keitou}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{translit|ja|gen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{translit|ja|kin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{translit|ja|kire}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{translit|ja|koma}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|齣}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{translit|ja|kon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{translit|ja|kuchi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{translit|ja|kumi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{translit|ja|kurasu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{translit|ja|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{translit|ja|maku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{translit|ja|ninmae}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{translit|ja|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{translit|ja|ori}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{translit|ja|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{translit|ja|pēji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ページ}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{translit|ja|ren}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{translit|ja|rin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{translit|ja|ryō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|才}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{translit|ja|sao}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{translit|ja|shina}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{translit|ja|sha}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{translit|ja|shiki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{translit|ja|shō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{translit|ja|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|種類}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{translit|ja|soku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{translit|ja|sō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{translit|ja|taba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{translit|ja|tai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{translit|ja|tawara}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{translit|ja|teki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{translit|ja|ten}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{translit|ja|toki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{translit|ja|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{translit|ja|tōri}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{translit|ja|tsū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{translit|ja|tsubo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{translit|ja|tsubu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{translit|ja|pa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{translit|ja|ya}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{translit|ja|zen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{translit|ja|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{IPA|[h]}} to bilabial {{IPA|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{translit|ja|Jū}} is replaced by either {{translit|ja|ju-}} or {{translit|ja|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{translit|ja|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{translit|ja|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{translit|ja|ichi}}
| {{translit|ja|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{translit|ja|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{translit|ja|san}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{translit|ja|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{translit|ja|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{translit|ja|roku}}
| {{translit|ja|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{translit|ja|hachi}}
| {{translit|ja|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{translit|ja|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{translit|ja|jū}}
| {{translit|ja|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{translit|ja|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{translit|ja|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{translit|ja|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{translit|ja|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{translit|ja|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{translit|ja|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{translit|ja|man}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{translit|ja|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{translit|ja|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>qujbkkqygsy7vjs535m235jiy1uy4ym</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29353</id>
      <parentid>29352</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:35:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Table of traditional numerals */</comment>
      <origin>29353</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="59151" sha1="oduo0kf3vexcfe4pdkjh50c5yrulu0u" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{translit|ja|biki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{translit|ja|paku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}} (or {{wikt-lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{translit|ja|bi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{translit|ja|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{translit|ja|bun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{translit|ja|chaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{translit|ja|dan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{translit|ja|danraku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{translit|ja|fude}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{translit|ja|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{translit|ja|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{translit|ja|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{translit|ja|furi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{translit|ja|gakkyū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{translit|ja|go}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{translit|ja|gō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{translit|ja|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{translit|ja|koto}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{translit|ja|gu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{translit|ja|gyō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{translit|ja|hako}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{translit|ja|hari}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{translit|ja|hashira}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{translit|ja|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{translit|ja|patsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{translit|ja|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{translit|ja|pin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{translit|ja|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{translit|ja|pitsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{translit|ja|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{translit|ja|po}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{translit|ja|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{translit|ja|pyō}} 
| {{wikt-lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{translit|ja|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{translit|ja|byōshi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{translit|ja|kabu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{translit|ja|kakoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{translit|ja|kakokugo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{translit|ja|kaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{translit|ja|keitou}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{translit|ja|gen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{translit|ja|kin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{translit|ja|kire}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{translit|ja|koma}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|齣}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{translit|ja|kon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{translit|ja|kuchi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{translit|ja|kumi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{translit|ja|kurasu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{translit|ja|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{translit|ja|maku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{translit|ja|ninmae}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{translit|ja|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{translit|ja|ori}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{translit|ja|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{translit|ja|pēji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ページ}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{translit|ja|ren}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{translit|ja|rin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{translit|ja|ryō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|才}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{translit|ja|sao}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{translit|ja|shina}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{translit|ja|sha}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{translit|ja|shiki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{translit|ja|shō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{translit|ja|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|種類}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{translit|ja|soku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{translit|ja|sō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{translit|ja|taba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{translit|ja|tai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{translit|ja|tawara}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{translit|ja|teki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{translit|ja|ten}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{translit|ja|toki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{translit|ja|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{translit|ja|tōri}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{translit|ja|tsū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{translit|ja|tsubo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{translit|ja|tsubu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{translit|ja|pa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{translit|ja|ya}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{translit|ja|zen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{translit|ja|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{IPA|[h]}} to bilabial {{IPA|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{translit|ja|Jū}} is replaced by either {{translit|ja|ju-}} or {{translit|ja|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{translit|ja|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{translit|ja|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{translit|ja|ichi}}
| {{translit|ja|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{translit|ja|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{translit|ja|san}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{translit|ja|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{translit|ja|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{translit|ja|roku}}
| {{translit|ja|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{translit|ja|hachi}}
| {{translit|ja|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{translit|ja|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{translit|ja|jū}}
| {{translit|ja|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{translit|ja|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{translit|ja|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{translit|ja|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{translit|ja|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{translit|ja|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{translit|ja|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{translit|ja|man}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{translit|ja|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{translit|ja|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>oduo0kf3vexcfe4pdkjh50c5yrulu0u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29354</id>
      <parentid>29353</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:39:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Common counters by category */</comment>
      <origin>29354</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61285" sha1="lph6rlp7m1ozrsnujgpanrkk1w0jtgm" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{-|biki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-|paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
|}
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-||satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-||tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-||wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-||byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-||fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-||pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-||gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-||tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-||tsuki}} (see also: {{-||kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-||haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-||paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-||ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-||jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-||ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-||kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-||gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-||nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-||nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-||sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-||shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-||bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-||ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-||do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-||tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-||kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-||jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-||tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-||jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-||kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-||do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{translit|ja|bi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{translit|ja|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{translit|ja|bun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{translit|ja|chaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{translit|ja|dan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{translit|ja|danraku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{translit|ja|fude}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{translit|ja|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{translit|ja|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{translit|ja|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{translit|ja|furi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{translit|ja|gakkyū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{translit|ja|go}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{translit|ja|gō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{translit|ja|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{translit|ja|koto}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{translit|ja|gu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{translit|ja|gyō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{translit|ja|hako}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{translit|ja|hari}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{translit|ja|hashira}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{translit|ja|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{translit|ja|patsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{translit|ja|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{translit|ja|pin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{translit|ja|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{translit|ja|pitsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{translit|ja|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{translit|ja|po}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{translit|ja|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{translit|ja|pyō}} 
| {{wikt-lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{translit|ja|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{translit|ja|byōshi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{translit|ja|kabu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{translit|ja|kakoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{translit|ja|kakokugo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{translit|ja|kaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{translit|ja|keitou}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{translit|ja|gen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{translit|ja|kin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{translit|ja|kire}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{translit|ja|koma}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|齣}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{translit|ja|kon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{translit|ja|kuchi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{translit|ja|kumi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{translit|ja|kurasu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{translit|ja|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{translit|ja|maku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{translit|ja|ninmae}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{translit|ja|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{translit|ja|ori}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{translit|ja|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{translit|ja|pēji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ページ}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{translit|ja|ren}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{translit|ja|rin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{translit|ja|ryō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|才}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{translit|ja|sao}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{translit|ja|shina}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{translit|ja|sha}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{translit|ja|shiki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{translit|ja|shō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{translit|ja|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|種類}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{translit|ja|soku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{translit|ja|sō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{translit|ja|taba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{translit|ja|tai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{translit|ja|tawara}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{translit|ja|teki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{translit|ja|ten}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{translit|ja|toki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{translit|ja|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{translit|ja|tōri}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{translit|ja|tsū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{translit|ja|tsubo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{translit|ja|tsubu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{translit|ja|pa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{translit|ja|ya}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{translit|ja|zen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{translit|ja|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{IPA|[h]}} to bilabial {{IPA|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{translit|ja|Jū}} is replaced by either {{translit|ja|ju-}} or {{translit|ja|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{translit|ja|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{translit|ja|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{translit|ja|ichi}}
| {{translit|ja|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{translit|ja|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{translit|ja|san}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{translit|ja|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{translit|ja|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{translit|ja|roku}}
| {{translit|ja|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{translit|ja|hachi}}
| {{translit|ja|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{translit|ja|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{translit|ja|jū}}
| {{translit|ja|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{translit|ja|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{translit|ja|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{translit|ja|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{translit|ja|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{translit|ja|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{translit|ja|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{translit|ja|man}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{translit|ja|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{translit|ja|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>lph6rlp7m1ozrsnujgpanrkk1w0jtgm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29355</id>
      <parentid>29354</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:42:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Common counters by category */</comment>
      <origin>29355</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61288" sha1="4bd9gqbr0nwlo084p9jgydncbi8j1wu" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{-|biki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, ili {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} ili {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-|paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (ili {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
|}
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-||satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-||tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-||wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-||byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-||fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-||pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-||gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-||tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-||tsuki}} (see also: {{-||kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-||haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-||paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-||ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-||jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-||ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-||kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-||gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-||nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-||nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-||sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-||shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-||bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-||ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-||do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-||tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-||kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-||jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-||tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-||jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-||kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-||do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{translit|ja|bi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{translit|ja|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{translit|ja|bun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{translit|ja|chaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{translit|ja|dan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{translit|ja|danraku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{translit|ja|fude}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{translit|ja|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{translit|ja|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{translit|ja|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{translit|ja|furi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{translit|ja|gakkyū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{translit|ja|go}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{translit|ja|gō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{translit|ja|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{translit|ja|koto}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{translit|ja|gu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{translit|ja|gyō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{translit|ja|hako}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{translit|ja|hari}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{translit|ja|hashira}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{translit|ja|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{translit|ja|patsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{translit|ja|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{translit|ja|pin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{translit|ja|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{translit|ja|pitsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{translit|ja|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{translit|ja|po}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{translit|ja|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{translit|ja|pyō}} 
| {{wikt-lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{translit|ja|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{translit|ja|byōshi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{translit|ja|kabu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{translit|ja|kakoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{translit|ja|kakokugo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{translit|ja|kaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{translit|ja|keitou}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{translit|ja|gen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{translit|ja|kin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{translit|ja|kire}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{translit|ja|koma}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|齣}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{translit|ja|kon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{translit|ja|kuchi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{translit|ja|kumi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{translit|ja|kurasu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{translit|ja|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{translit|ja|maku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{translit|ja|ninmae}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{translit|ja|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{translit|ja|ori}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{translit|ja|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{translit|ja|pēji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ページ}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{translit|ja|ren}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{translit|ja|rin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{translit|ja|ryō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|才}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{translit|ja|sao}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{translit|ja|shina}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{translit|ja|sha}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{translit|ja|shiki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{translit|ja|shō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{translit|ja|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|種類}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{translit|ja|soku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{translit|ja|sō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{translit|ja|taba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{translit|ja|tai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{translit|ja|tawara}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{translit|ja|teki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{translit|ja|ten}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{translit|ja|toki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{translit|ja|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{translit|ja|tōri}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{translit|ja|tsū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{translit|ja|tsubo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{translit|ja|tsubu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{translit|ja|pa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{translit|ja|ya}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{translit|ja|zen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{translit|ja|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{IPA|[h]}} to bilabial {{IPA|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{translit|ja|Jū}} is replaced by either {{translit|ja|ju-}} or {{translit|ja|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{translit|ja|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{translit|ja|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{translit|ja|ichi}}
| {{translit|ja|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{translit|ja|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{translit|ja|san}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{translit|ja|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{translit|ja|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{translit|ja|roku}}
| {{translit|ja|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{translit|ja|hachi}}
| {{translit|ja|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{translit|ja|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{translit|ja|jū}}
| {{translit|ja|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{translit|ja|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{translit|ja|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{translit|ja|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{translit|ja|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{translit|ja|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{translit|ja|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{translit|ja|man}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{translit|ja|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{translit|ja|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>4bd9gqbr0nwlo084p9jgydncbi8j1wu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29356</id>
      <parentid>29355</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:44:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Odčinjenje versije [[Special:Diff/29355|29355]] od koristnika [[Special:Contributions/Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[User talk:Ilja isv|besěda]])</comment>
      <origin>29356</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61285" sha1="lph6rlp7m1ozrsnujgpanrkk1w0jtgm" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{-|biki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-|paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
|}
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-||satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-||tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-||wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-||byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-||fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-||pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-||gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-||tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-||tsuki}} (see also: {{-||kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-||haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-||paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-||ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-||jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-||ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-||kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-||gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-||nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-||nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-||sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-||shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-||bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-||ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-||do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-||tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-||kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-||jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-||tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-||jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-||kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-||do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{translit|ja|bi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{translit|ja|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{translit|ja|bun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{translit|ja|chaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{translit|ja|dan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{translit|ja|danraku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{translit|ja|fude}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{translit|ja|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{translit|ja|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{translit|ja|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{translit|ja|furi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{translit|ja|gakkyū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{translit|ja|go}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{translit|ja|gō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{translit|ja|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{translit|ja|koto}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{translit|ja|gu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{translit|ja|gyō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{translit|ja|hako}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{translit|ja|hari}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{translit|ja|hashira}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{translit|ja|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{translit|ja|patsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{translit|ja|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{translit|ja|pin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{translit|ja|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{translit|ja|pitsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{translit|ja|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{translit|ja|po}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{translit|ja|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{translit|ja|pyō}} 
| {{wikt-lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{translit|ja|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{translit|ja|byōshi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{translit|ja|kabu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{translit|ja|kakoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{translit|ja|kakokugo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{translit|ja|kaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{translit|ja|keitou}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{translit|ja|gen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{translit|ja|kin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{translit|ja|kire}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{translit|ja|koma}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|齣}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{translit|ja|kon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{translit|ja|kuchi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{translit|ja|kumi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{translit|ja|kurasu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{translit|ja|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{translit|ja|maku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{translit|ja|ninmae}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{translit|ja|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{translit|ja|ori}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{translit|ja|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{translit|ja|pēji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ページ}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{translit|ja|ren}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{translit|ja|rin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{translit|ja|ryō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|才}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{translit|ja|sao}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{translit|ja|shina}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{translit|ja|sha}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{translit|ja|shiki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{translit|ja|shō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{translit|ja|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|種類}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{translit|ja|soku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{translit|ja|sō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{translit|ja|taba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{translit|ja|tai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{translit|ja|tawara}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{translit|ja|teki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{translit|ja|ten}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{translit|ja|toki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{translit|ja|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{translit|ja|tōri}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{translit|ja|tsū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{translit|ja|tsubo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{translit|ja|tsubu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{translit|ja|pa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{translit|ja|ya}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{translit|ja|zen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{translit|ja|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{IPA|[h]}} to bilabial {{IPA|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{translit|ja|Jū}} is replaced by either {{translit|ja|ju-}} or {{translit|ja|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{translit|ja|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{translit|ja|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{translit|ja|ichi}}
| {{translit|ja|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{translit|ja|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{translit|ja|san}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{translit|ja|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{translit|ja|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{translit|ja|roku}}
| {{translit|ja|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{translit|ja|hachi}}
| {{translit|ja|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{translit|ja|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{translit|ja|jū}}
| {{translit|ja|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{translit|ja|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{translit|ja|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{translit|ja|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{translit|ja|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{translit|ja|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{translit|ja|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{translit|ja|man}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{translit|ja|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{translit|ja|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>lph6rlp7m1ozrsnujgpanrkk1w0jtgm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29357</id>
      <parentid>29356</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:48:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Common counters by category */</comment>
      <origin>29357</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="58446" sha1="bu4caomx5c26gqi2li9rn4yr78kxe0e" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{-|biki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-|paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{translit|ja|ban}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{translit|ja|bi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{translit|ja|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{translit|ja|bu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{translit|ja|bun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{translit|ja|byō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{translit|ja|chaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{translit|ja|chō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{translit|ja|dai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{translit|ja|dan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{translit|ja|danraku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{translit|ja|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{translit|ja|tabi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{translit|ja|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{translit|ja|fude}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{translit|ja|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{translit|ja|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{translit|ja|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{translit|ja|puku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{translit|ja|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{translit|ja|pun}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{translit|ja|furi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{translit|ja|gakkyū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{translit|ja|tsuki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{translit|ja|tsuki}} (see also: {{translit|ja|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{translit|ja|go}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{translit|ja|gō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{translit|ja|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{translit|ja|koto}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{translit|ja|gu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{translit|ja|gyō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{translit|ja|haku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{translit|ja|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{translit|ja|bai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{translit|ja|hai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{translit|ja|hako}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{translit|ja|hari}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{translit|ja|hashira}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{translit|ja|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{translit|ja|patsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{translit|ja|piki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{translit|ja|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{translit|ja|pin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{translit|ja|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{translit|ja|pitsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{translit|ja|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{translit|ja|po}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{translit|ja|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{translit|ja|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{translit|ja|bon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{translit|ja|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{translit|ja|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{translit|ja|pyō}} 
| {{wikt-lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{translit|ja|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{translit|ja|byōshi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{translit|ja|jikan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{translit|ja|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{translit|ja|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{translit|ja|jō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{translit|ja|ka}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{translit|ja|kabu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{translit|ja|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{translit|ja|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{translit|ja|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{translit|ja|gai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{translit|ja|kakoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{translit|ja|kakokugo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{translit|ja|kaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{translit|ja|keitou}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{translit|ja|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{translit|ja|gen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{translit|ja|ki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{translit|ja|kin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{translit|ja|kire}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|個}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|箇}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|个}}, or {{wikt-lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{translit|ja|ko}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{translit|ja|kō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{translit|ja|koma}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|齣}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{translit|ja|kon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{translit|ja|ku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{translit|ja|kuchi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{translit|ja|kumi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{translit|ja|kurasu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{translit|ja|kyaku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{translit|ja|kyoku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{translit|ja|mai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{translit|ja|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{translit|ja|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{translit|ja|kan}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{translit|ja|maku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{translit|ja|mei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{translit|ja|men}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{translit|ja|mon}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{translit|ja|ninmae}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{translit|ja|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{translit|ja|ori}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{translit|ja|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{translit|ja|pēji}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|ページ}}, {{wikt-lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{translit|ja|rei}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{translit|ja|ren}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{translit|ja|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{translit|ja|rin}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{translit|ja|ryō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|才}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{translit|ja|sao}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{translit|ja|satsu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{translit|ja|seki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{translit|ja|shina}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{translit|ja|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{translit|ja|sha}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{translit|ja|shiki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{translit|ja|shō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{translit|ja|shū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{translit|ja|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{translit|ja|shu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|種類}} or {{wikt-lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{translit|ja|soku}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{translit|ja|sō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{translit|ja|taba}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{translit|ja|tai}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{translit|ja|tawara}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{translit|ja|teki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{translit|ja|ten}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{translit|ja|toki}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{translit|ja|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{translit|ja|tōri}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{translit|ja|tsū}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{translit|ja|tsubo}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{translit|ja|tsubu}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{translit|ja|tsūwa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{translit|ja|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{translit|ja|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{translit|ja|pa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{translit|ja|wa}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{translit|ja|ya}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{translit|ja|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{translit|ja|zen}}
| {{wikt-lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{translit|ja|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{IPA|[h]}} to bilabial {{IPA|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{translit|ja|Jū}} is replaced by either {{translit|ja|ju-}} or {{translit|ja|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{translit|ja|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{translit|ja|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{translit|ja|ichi}}
| {{translit|ja|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{translit|ja|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{translit|ja|san}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{translit|ja|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{translit|ja|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{translit|ja|roku}}
| {{translit|ja|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{translit|ja|hachi}}
| {{translit|ja|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{translit|ja|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{translit|ja|jū}}
| {{translit|ja|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{translit|ja|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{translit|ja|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{translit|ja|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{translit|ja|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{translit|ja|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{translit|ja|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{translit|ja|man}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{translit|ja|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{translit|ja|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>bu4caomx5c26gqi2li9rn4yr78kxe0e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29358</id>
      <parentid>29357</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:49:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Extended list of counters */</comment>
      <origin>29358</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55916" sha1="6qx2zlpx4c3siauang9qc4ha2qidot4" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{-|biki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-|paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}
| {{lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{-|bi}}
| {{lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{-|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{-|bun}}
| {{lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{-|chaku}}
| {{lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{-|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{-|dan}}
| {{lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{-|danraku}}
| {{lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{-|fude}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{-|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{-|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{-|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{-|furi}}
| {{lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{-|gakkyū}}
| {{lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{-|go}}
| {{lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{-|gō}}
| {{lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{-|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{-|koto}}
| {{lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{-|gu}}
| {{lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{-|gyō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}
| {{lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{-|hako}}
| {{lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{-|hari}}
| {{lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{-|hashira}}
| {{lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{-|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{-|patsu}}
| {{lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{-|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{-|pin}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{-|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{-|pitsu}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{-|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{-|po}}
| {{lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{-|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{-|pyō}} 
| {{lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{-|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{-|byōshi}}
| {{lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{-|kabu}}
| {{lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{-|kakoku}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{-|kakokugo}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{-|kaku}}
| {{lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{-|keitou}}
| {{lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}
| {{lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{-|gen}}
| {{lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{-|kin}}
| {{lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{-|kire}}
| {{lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{-|koma}}
| {{lang|ja|齣}}, {{lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{-|kon}}
| {{lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{-|kuchi}}
| {{lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{-|kumi}}
| {{lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{-|kurasu}}
| {{lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{-|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{-|maku}}
| {{lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{-|ninmae}}
| {{lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{-|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{-|ori}}
| {{lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{-|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{-|pēji}}
| {{lang|ja|ページ}}, {{lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{-|ren}}
| {{lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{-|rin}}
| {{lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{-|ryō}}
| {{lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|才}} or {{lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{-|sao}}
| {{lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{-|shina}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{-|sha}}
| {{lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{-|shiki}}
| {{lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{-|shō}}
| {{lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{-|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|種類}} or {{lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{-|soku}}
| {{lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{-|sō}}
| {{lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{-|taba}}
| {{lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{-|tai}}
| {{lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{-|tawara}}
| {{lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{-|teki}}
| {{lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{-|ten}}
| {{lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{-|tō}}
| {{lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{-|toki}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{-|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{-|tōri}}
| {{lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{-|tsū}}
| {{lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{-|tsubo}}
| {{lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{-|tsubu}}
| {{lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{-|tsūwa}}
| {{lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{-|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{-|pa}}
| {{lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{-|ya}}
| {{lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{-|zen}}
| {{lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{translit|ja|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{IPA|[h]}} to bilabial {{IPA|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{translit|ja|Jū}} is replaced by either {{translit|ja|ju-}} or {{translit|ja|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{translit|ja|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{translit|ja|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{translit|ja|ichi}}
| {{translit|ja|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{translit|ja|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{translit|ja|san}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{translit|ja|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{translit|ja|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{translit|ja|roku}}
| {{translit|ja|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{translit|ja|hachi}}
| {{translit|ja|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{translit|ja|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{translit|ja|jū}}
| {{translit|ja|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{translit|ja|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{translit|ja|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{translit|ja|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{translit|ja|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{translit|ja|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{translit|ja|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{translit|ja|man}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{translit|ja|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{translit|ja|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>6qx2zlpx4c3siauang9qc4ha2qidot4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29359</id>
      <parentid>29358</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:54:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Euphonic changes */</comment>
      <origin>29359</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55192" sha1="mb9234yk6rhdhnk7ssamkmcs8h6lnrf" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{-|biki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-|paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}
| {{lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{-|bi}}
| {{lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{-|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{-|bun}}
| {{lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{-|chaku}}
| {{lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{-|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{-|dan}}
| {{lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{-|danraku}}
| {{lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{-|fude}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{-|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{-|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{-|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{-|furi}}
| {{lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{-|gakkyū}}
| {{lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{-|go}}
| {{lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{-|gō}}
| {{lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{-|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{-|koto}}
| {{lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{-|gu}}
| {{lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{-|gyō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}
| {{lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{-|hako}}
| {{lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{-|hari}}
| {{lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{-|hashira}}
| {{lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{-|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{-|patsu}}
| {{lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{-|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{-|pin}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{-|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{-|pitsu}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{-|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{-|po}}
| {{lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{-|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{-|pyō}} 
| {{lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{-|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{-|byōshi}}
| {{lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{-|kabu}}
| {{lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{-|kakoku}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{-|kakokugo}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{-|kaku}}
| {{lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{-|keitou}}
| {{lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}
| {{lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{-|gen}}
| {{lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{-|kin}}
| {{lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{-|kire}}
| {{lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{-|koma}}
| {{lang|ja|齣}}, {{lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{-|kon}}
| {{lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{-|kuchi}}
| {{lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{-|kumi}}
| {{lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{-|kurasu}}
| {{lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{-|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{-|maku}}
| {{lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{-|ninmae}}
| {{lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{-|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{-|ori}}
| {{lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{-|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{-|pēji}}
| {{lang|ja|ページ}}, {{lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{-|ren}}
| {{lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{-|rin}}
| {{lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{-|ryō}}
| {{lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|才}} or {{lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{-|sao}}
| {{lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{-|shina}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{-|sha}}
| {{lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{-|shiki}}
| {{lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{-|shō}}
| {{lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{-|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|種類}} or {{lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{-|soku}}
| {{lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{-|sō}}
| {{lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{-|taba}}
| {{lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{-|tai}}
| {{lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{-|tawara}}
| {{lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{-|teki}}
| {{lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{-|ten}}
| {{lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{-|tō}}
| {{lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{-|toki}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{-|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{-|tōri}}
| {{lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{-|tsū}}
| {{lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{-|tsubo}}
| {{lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{-|tsubu}}
| {{lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{-|tsūwa}}
| {{lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{-|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{-|pa}}
| {{lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{-|ya}}
| {{lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{-|zen}}
| {{lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{-|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{-|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{-|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{-|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{-|[h]}} to bilabial {{-|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{-|Jū}} is replaced by either {{-|ju-}} or {{-|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{-|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{-|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{-|ichi}}
| {{-|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{-|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{-|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{-|san}}
|
|
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{-|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{-|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{-|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{-|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{-|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{-|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{-|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{-|roku}}
| {{-|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{-|hachi}}
| {{-|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{-|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{-|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{-|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{-|jū}}
| {{-|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{-|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{-|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{-|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{-|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{-|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{-|hyaku}}
| {{-|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{-|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{-|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{-|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{-|man}}
|
|
|
| {{-|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{-|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{-|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{-|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{-|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>mb9234yk6rhdhnk7ssamkmcs8h6lnrf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29361</id>
      <parentid>29359</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T11:02:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29361</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55099" sha1="4e8dr62dk49vengumz4lqje2be4a52t" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{-|biki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-|paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}
| {{lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{-|bi}}
| {{lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{-|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{-|bun}}
| {{lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{-|chaku}}
| {{lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{-|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{-|dan}}
| {{lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{-|danraku}}
| {{lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{-|fude}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{-|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{-|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{-|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{-|furi}}
| {{lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{-|gakkyū}}
| {{lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{-|go}}
| {{lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{-|gō}}
| {{lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{-|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{-|koto}}
| {{lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{-|gu}}
| {{lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{-|gyō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}
| {{lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{-|hako}}
| {{lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{-|hari}}
| {{lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{-|hashira}}
| {{lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{-|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{-|patsu}}
| {{lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{-|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{-|pin}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{-|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{-|pitsu}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{-|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{-|po}}
| {{lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{-|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{-|pyō}} 
| {{lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{-|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{-|byōshi}}
| {{lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{-|kabu}}
| {{lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{-|kakoku}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{-|kakokugo}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{-|kaku}}
| {{lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{-|keitou}}
| {{lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}
| {{lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{-|gen}}
| {{lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{-|kin}}
| {{lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{-|kire}}
| {{lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{-|koma}}
| {{lang|ja|齣}}, {{lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{-|kon}}
| {{lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{-|kuchi}}
| {{lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{-|kumi}}
| {{lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{-|kurasu}}
| {{lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{-|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{-|maku}}
| {{lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{-|ninmae}}
| {{lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{-|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{-|ori}}
| {{lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{-|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{-|pēji}}
| {{lang|ja|ページ}}, {{lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{-|ren}}
| {{lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{-|rin}}
| {{lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{-|ryō}}
| {{lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|才}} or {{lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{-|sao}}
| {{lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{-|shina}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{-|sha}}
| {{lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{-|shiki}}
| {{lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{-|shō}}
| {{lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{-|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|種類}} or {{lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{-|soku}}
| {{lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{-|sō}}
| {{lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{-|taba}}
| {{lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{-|tai}}
| {{lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{-|tawara}}
| {{lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{-|teki}}
| {{lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{-|ten}}
| {{lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{-|tō}}
| {{lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{-|toki}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{-|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{-|tōri}}
| {{lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{-|tsū}}
| {{lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{-|tsubo}}
| {{lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{-|tsubu}}
| {{lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{-|tsūwa}}
| {{lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{-|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{-|pa}}
| {{lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{-|ya}}
| {{lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{-|zen}}
| {{lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{-|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{-|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{-|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{-|hiki}}:
{|
!六
!+
!匹
!→
!六匹
|-
|''roku''
|
|'''h'''''iki''
|
|''ro'''''pp'''''iki''
|-
|six
|
|small animal
|
|
|}
change from glottal {{-|[h]}} to bilabial {{-|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{|
!一人
|-
|''hito-ri''
|-
|one-person
|}
{|
!二人
|-
|''futa-ri''
|-
|two-person.
|}
{|
!三人
|-
|''san-'''nin'''''
|-
|three-person
|}
These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{-|Jū}} is replaced by either {{-|ju-}} or {{-|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{-|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{-|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{-|ichi}}
| {{-|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{-|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{-|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{-|san}}
|
|
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{-|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{-|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{-|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{-|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{-|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{-|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{-|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{-|roku}}
| {{-|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{-|hachi}}
| {{-|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{-|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{-|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{-|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{-|jū}}
| {{-|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{-|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{-|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{-|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{-|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{-|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{-|hyaku}}
| {{-|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{-|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{-|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{-|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{-|man}}
|
|
|
| {{-|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{-|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{-|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{-|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{-|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>4e8dr62dk49vengumz4lqje2be4a52t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29363</id>
      <parentid>29361</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T11:06:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Euphonic changes */</comment>
      <origin>29363</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55117" sha1="gmizbg3v5bs5i7ziopehb1vl6uboyuk" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{-|biki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-|paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}
| {{lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{-|bi}}
| {{lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{-|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{-|bun}}
| {{lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{-|chaku}}
| {{lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{-|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{-|dan}}
| {{lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{-|danraku}}
| {{lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{-|fude}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{-|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{-|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{-|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{-|furi}}
| {{lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{-|gakkyū}}
| {{lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{-|go}}
| {{lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{-|gō}}
| {{lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{-|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{-|koto}}
| {{lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{-|gu}}
| {{lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{-|gyō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}
| {{lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{-|hako}}
| {{lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{-|hari}}
| {{lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{-|hashira}}
| {{lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{-|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{-|patsu}}
| {{lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{-|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{-|pin}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{-|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{-|pitsu}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{-|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{-|po}}
| {{lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{-|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{-|pyō}} 
| {{lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{-|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{-|byōshi}}
| {{lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{-|kabu}}
| {{lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{-|kakoku}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{-|kakokugo}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{-|kaku}}
| {{lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{-|keitou}}
| {{lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}
| {{lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{-|gen}}
| {{lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{-|kin}}
| {{lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{-|kire}}
| {{lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{-|koma}}
| {{lang|ja|齣}}, {{lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{-|kon}}
| {{lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{-|kuchi}}
| {{lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{-|kumi}}
| {{lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{-|kurasu}}
| {{lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{-|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{-|maku}}
| {{lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{-|ninmae}}
| {{lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{-|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{-|ori}}
| {{lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{-|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{-|pēji}}
| {{lang|ja|ページ}}, {{lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{-|ren}}
| {{lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{-|rin}}
| {{lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{-|ryō}}
| {{lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|才}} or {{lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{-|sao}}
| {{lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{-|shina}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{-|sha}}
| {{lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{-|shiki}}
| {{lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{-|shō}}
| {{lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{-|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|種類}} or {{lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{-|soku}}
| {{lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{-|sō}}
| {{lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{-|taba}}
| {{lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{-|tai}}
| {{lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{-|tawara}}
| {{lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{-|teki}}
| {{lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{-|ten}}
| {{lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{-|tō}}
| {{lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{-|toki}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{-|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{-|tōri}}
| {{lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{-|tsū}}
| {{lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{-|tsubo}}
| {{lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{-|tsubu}}
| {{lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{-|tsūwa}}
| {{lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{-|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{-|pa}}
| {{lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{-|ya}}
| {{lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{-|zen}}
| {{lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{-|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{-|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{-|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{-|hiki}}:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!六
!+
!匹
!→
!六匹
|-
|''roku''
|
|'''h'''''iki''
|
|''ro'''''pp'''''iki''
|-
|six
|
|small animal
|
|
|}
change from glottal {{-|[h]}} to bilabial {{-|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{|
!一人
|-
|''hito-ri''
|-
|one-person
|}
{|
!二人
|-
|''futa-ri''
|-
|two-person.
|}
{|
!三人
|-
|''san-'''nin'''''
|-
|three-person
|}
These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{-|Jū}} is replaced by either {{-|ju-}} or {{-|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{-|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{-|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{-|ichi}}
| {{-|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{-|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{-|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{-|san}}
|
|
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{-|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{-|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{-|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{-|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{-|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{-|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{-|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{-|roku}}
| {{-|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{-|hachi}}
| {{-|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{-|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{-|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{-|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{-|jū}}
| {{-|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{-|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{-|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{-|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{-|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{-|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{-|hyaku}}
| {{-|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{-|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{-|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{-|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{-|man}}
|
|
|
| {{-|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{-|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{-|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{-|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{-|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>gmizbg3v5bs5i7ziopehb1vl6uboyuk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29364</id>
      <parentid>29363</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T11:08:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Euphonic changes */</comment>
      <origin>29364</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55126" sha1="ptigtwpnwvt3g80ive7sfj69sfenz5r" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{-|biki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-|paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}
| {{lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{-|bi}}
| {{lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{-|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{-|bun}}
| {{lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{-|chaku}}
| {{lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{-|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{-|dan}}
| {{lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{-|danraku}}
| {{lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{-|fude}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{-|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{-|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{-|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{-|furi}}
| {{lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{-|gakkyū}}
| {{lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{-|go}}
| {{lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{-|gō}}
| {{lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{-|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{-|koto}}
| {{lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{-|gu}}
| {{lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{-|gyō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}
| {{lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{-|hako}}
| {{lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{-|hari}}
| {{lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{-|hashira}}
| {{lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{-|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{-|patsu}}
| {{lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{-|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{-|pin}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{-|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{-|pitsu}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{-|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{-|po}}
| {{lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{-|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{-|pyō}} 
| {{lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{-|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{-|byōshi}}
| {{lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{-|kabu}}
| {{lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{-|kakoku}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{-|kakokugo}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{-|kaku}}
| {{lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{-|keitou}}
| {{lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}
| {{lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{-|gen}}
| {{lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{-|kin}}
| {{lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{-|kire}}
| {{lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{-|koma}}
| {{lang|ja|齣}}, {{lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{-|kon}}
| {{lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{-|kuchi}}
| {{lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{-|kumi}}
| {{lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{-|kurasu}}
| {{lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{-|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{-|maku}}
| {{lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{-|ninmae}}
| {{lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{-|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{-|ori}}
| {{lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{-|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{-|pēji}}
| {{lang|ja|ページ}}, {{lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{-|ren}}
| {{lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{-|rin}}
| {{lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{-|ryō}}
| {{lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|才}} or {{lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{-|sao}}
| {{lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{-|shina}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{-|sha}}
| {{lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{-|shiki}}
| {{lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{-|shō}}
| {{lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{-|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|種類}} or {{lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{-|soku}}
| {{lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{-|sō}}
| {{lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{-|taba}}
| {{lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{-|tai}}
| {{lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{-|tawara}}
| {{lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{-|teki}}
| {{lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{-|ten}}
| {{lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{-|tō}}
| {{lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{-|toki}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{-|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{-|tōri}}
| {{lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{-|tsū}}
| {{lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{-|tsubo}}
| {{lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{-|tsubu}}
| {{lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{-|tsūwa}}
| {{lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{-|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{-|pa}}
| {{lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{-|ya}}
| {{lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{-|zen}}
| {{lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} ''{{-|ichi}}'' + {{lang|ja|回}} {{-|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} ''{{-|ikkai}}''. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} ''{{-|hiki}}'':
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|六
| +
|匹
|→
|六匹
|-
|''roku''
|
|'''''h'''iki''
|
|''ro'''pp'''iki''
|-
|six
|
|small animal
|
|
|}
change from glottal {{-|[h]}} to bilabial {{-|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{|
|一人
|-
|''hito-ri''
|-
|one-person
|}
{|
|二人
|-
|''futa-ri''
|-
|two-person.
|}
{|
|三人
|-
|''san-'''nin'''''
|-
|three-person
|}
These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{-|Jū}} is replaced by either {{-|ju-}} or {{-|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{-|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{-|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{-|ichi}}
| {{-|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{-|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{-|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{-|san}}
|
|
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{-|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{-|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{-|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{-|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{-|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{-|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{-|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{-|roku}}
| {{-|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{-|hachi}}
| {{-|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{-|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{-|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{-|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{-|jū}}
| {{-|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{-|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{-|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{-|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{-|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{-|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{-|hyaku}}
| {{-|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{-|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{-|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{-|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{-|man}}
|
|
|
| {{-|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{-|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{-|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{-|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{-|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{translit|ja|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{translit|ja|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{translit|ja|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{translit|ja|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{translit|ja|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{translit|ja|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{translit|ja|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{translit|ja|Nana}} and {{translit|ja|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{translit|ja|yon}} and {{translit|ja|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{translit|ja|kyū}} and {{translit|ja|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{translit|ja|nana}}, {{translit|ja|yon}} and  {{translit|ja|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}} or {{translit|ja|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{translit|ja|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{translit|ja|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{translit|ja|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{translit|ja|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{translit|ja|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{translit|ja|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{translit|ja|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|hitotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{translit|ja|ichinichi}} is used. {{translit|ja|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{translit|ja|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ippun}}
|
| {{translit|ja|issen}}
| {{translit|ja|issai}}
| {{translit|ja|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|futatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|futsuka}}
| {{translit|ja|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|mittsu}}
| {{translit|ja|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|sanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|sanzen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yottsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yokka}}
| {{translit|ja|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{translit|ja|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{translit|ja|yonen}}
| {{translit|ja|shigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yoji}}
| {{translit|ja|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|itsutsu}}
| {{translit|ja|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|muttsu}}
| {{translit|ja|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|roppun}}
| {{translit|ja|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|nanatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|nanoka}}
| {{translit|ja|shichinin}}
|
| {{translit|ja|shichigatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|yattsu}}
| {{translit|ja|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|happun}}
| {{translit|ja|happyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hassen}}
| {{translit|ja|hassai}}
| {{translit|ja|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|kokonotsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|kugatsu}}
| {{translit|ja|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{translit|ja|tō}}
| {{translit|ja|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jippun}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|jissai}}
| {{translit|ja|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyokka}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonin}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonen}}
|
| {{translit|ja|jūyoji}}
| {{translit|ja|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinichi}}
|{{translit|ja|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{translit|ja|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{translit|ja|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyokka}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonin}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{translit|ja|nijūyoji}}
|{{translit|ja|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{translit|ja|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{translit|ja|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanpun}}
| {{translit|ja|nanbyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|nanzen}}
| 
| {{translit|ja|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>ptigtwpnwvt3g80ive7sfj69sfenz5r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29365</id>
      <parentid>29364</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T11:15:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Exceptions */</comment>
      <origin>29365</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53926" sha1="p2vjci7rbgbqg51waccdc7wnds71t3d" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{-|biki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-|paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}
| {{lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{-|bi}}
| {{lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{-|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{-|bun}}
| {{lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{-|chaku}}
| {{lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{-|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{-|dan}}
| {{lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{-|danraku}}
| {{lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{-|fude}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{-|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{-|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{-|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{-|furi}}
| {{lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{-|gakkyū}}
| {{lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{-|go}}
| {{lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{-|gō}}
| {{lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{-|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{-|koto}}
| {{lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{-|gu}}
| {{lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{-|gyō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}
| {{lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{-|hako}}
| {{lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{-|hari}}
| {{lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{-|hashira}}
| {{lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{-|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{-|patsu}}
| {{lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{-|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{-|pin}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{-|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{-|pitsu}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{-|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{-|po}}
| {{lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{-|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{-|pyō}} 
| {{lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{-|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{-|byōshi}}
| {{lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{-|kabu}}
| {{lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{-|kakoku}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{-|kakokugo}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{-|kaku}}
| {{lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{-|keitou}}
| {{lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}
| {{lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{-|gen}}
| {{lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{-|kin}}
| {{lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{-|kire}}
| {{lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{-|koma}}
| {{lang|ja|齣}}, {{lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{-|kon}}
| {{lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{-|kuchi}}
| {{lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{-|kumi}}
| {{lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{-|kurasu}}
| {{lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{-|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{-|maku}}
| {{lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{-|ninmae}}
| {{lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{-|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{-|ori}}
| {{lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{-|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{-|pēji}}
| {{lang|ja|ページ}}, {{lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{-|ren}}
| {{lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{-|rin}}
| {{lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{-|ryō}}
| {{lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|才}} or {{lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{-|sao}}
| {{lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{-|shina}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{-|sha}}
| {{lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{-|shiki}}
| {{lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{-|shō}}
| {{lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{-|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|種類}} or {{lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{-|soku}}
| {{lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{-|sō}}
| {{lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{-|taba}}
| {{lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{-|tai}}
| {{lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{-|tawara}}
| {{lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{-|teki}}
| {{lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{-|ten}}
| {{lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{-|tō}}
| {{lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{-|toki}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{-|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{-|tōri}}
| {{lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{-|tsū}}
| {{lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{-|tsubo}}
| {{lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{-|tsubu}}
| {{lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{-|tsūwa}}
| {{lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{-|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{-|pa}}
| {{lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{-|ya}}
| {{lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{-|zen}}
| {{lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} ''{{-|ichi}}'' + {{lang|ja|回}} {{-|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} ''{{-|ikkai}}''. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} ''{{-|hiki}}'':
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|六
| +
|匹
|→
|六匹
|-
|''roku''
|
|'''''h'''iki''
|
|''ro'''pp'''iki''
|-
|six
|
|small animal
|
|
|}
change from glottal {{-|[h]}} to bilabial {{-|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{|
|一人
|-
|''hito-ri''
|-
|one-person
|}
{|
|二人
|-
|''futa-ri''
|-
|two-person.
|}
{|
|三人
|-
|''san-'''nin'''''
|-
|three-person
|}
These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{-|Jū}} is replaced by either {{-|ju-}} or {{-|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{-|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{-|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{-|ichi}}
| {{-|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{-|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{-|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{-|san}}
|
|
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{-|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{-|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{-|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{-|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{-|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{-|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{-|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{-|roku}}
| {{-|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{-|hachi}}
| {{-|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{-|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{-|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{-|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{-|jū}}
| {{-|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{-|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{-|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{-|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{-|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{-|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{-|hyaku}}
| {{-|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{-|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{-|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{-|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{-|man}}
|
|
|
| {{-|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{-|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{-|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{-|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{-|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{-|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{-|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{-|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{-|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{-|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{-|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{-|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{-|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{-|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{-|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{-|Nana}} and {{-|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{-|yon}} and {{-|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{-|kyū}} and {{-|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{-|nana}}, {{-|yon}} and  {{-|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{-|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{-|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{-|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{-|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{-|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{-|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{-|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{-|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{-|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{-|san'''k'''ai}} or {{-|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{-|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{-|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{-|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{-|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{-|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{-|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{-|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{-|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{-|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{-|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{-|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|hitotsu}}
| {{-|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{-|ichinichi}} is used. {{-|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{-|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{-|ippun}}
|
| {{-|issen}}
| {{-|issai}}
| {{-|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|futatsu}}
| {{-|futsuka}}
| {{-|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|mittsu}}
| {{-|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{-|sanpun}}
| {{-|sanbyaku}}
| {{-|sanzen}}
|
| {{-|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|yottsu}}
| {{-|yokka}}
| {{-|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{-|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{-|yonen}}
| {{-|shigatsu}}
| {{-|yoji}}
| {{-|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|itsutsu}}
| {{-|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|muttsu}}
| {{-|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{-|roppun}}
| {{-|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{-|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|nanatsu}}
| {{-|nanoka}}
| {{-|shichinin}}
|
| {{-|shichigatsu}}
| {{-|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|yattsu}}
| {{-|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{-|happun}}
| {{-|happyaku}}
| {{-|hassen}}
| {{-|hassai}}
| {{-|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|kokonotsu}}
| {{-|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{-|kugatsu}}
| {{-|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|tō}}
| {{-|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{-|jippun}}
|
|
| {{-|jissai}}
| {{-|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{-|jūyokka}}
| {{-|jūyonin}}
| {{-|jūyonen}}
|
| {{-|jūyoji}}
| {{-|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{-|jūshichinichi}}
|{{-|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{-|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{-|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{-|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{-|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{-|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{-|nijūyokka}}
|{{-|nijūyonin}}
|{{-|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{-|nijūyoji}}
|{{-|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{-|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{-|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{-|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{-|nanpun}}
| {{-|nanbyaku}}
| {{-|nanzen}}
| 
| {{-|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{translit|ja|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{translit|ja|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{translit|ja|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{translit|ja|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{translit|ja|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{translit|ja|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{translit|ja|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{translit|ja|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{translit|ja|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{translit|ja|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{translit|ja|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{translit|ja|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{translit|ja|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{translit|ja|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{translit|ja|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{translit|ja|shūkan}} and {{translit|ja|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{translit|ja|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{translit|ja|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{translit|ja|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{translit|ja|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{translit|ja|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{translit|ja|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{translit|ja|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>p2vjci7rbgbqg51waccdc7wnds71t3d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29367</id>
      <parentid>29365</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T11:16:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29367</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53616" sha1="sja27g868jxoba2isk0ooav16ski143" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Koristanje sčetnyh slov ==
In Japanese, virtually all nouns must use a counter to express number because Japanese lacks singular/plural morphology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|title=Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language|date=2012|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-007-2680-2|editor-last=Keenan|editor-first=Edward L.|series=Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy|volume=90|location=Dordrecht|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2681-9|editor-last2=Paperno|editor-first2=Denis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In this sense, virtually all Japanese nouns are [[mass noun]]s. This grammatical feature can result in situations where one is unable to express the number of a particular object in a syntactically correct way because one does not know, or cannot remember, the appropriate counting word. With quantities from one to ten, this problem can often be sidestepped by using the traditional numerals (see below), which can quantify many nouns without help. For example, &quot;four apples&quot; is {{Nihongo|りんご四個|''ringo yonko''}} where {{Nihongo|j個|''ko''}} is the counter, but can also be expressed, using the traditional numeral four, as {{Nihongo|りんご四つ|''ringo yottsu''}}.  These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including nouns for people and animals, require a proper counter (except for 1 and 2 people, which virtually always use variants of the traditional numerals; see [[#Exceptions|exceptions]]).

Some of the more common counters may substitute for less common ones. For example, {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}} (see below) is often used for all animals, regardless of size. However, many speakers will prefer to use the traditionally correct counter, {{Nihongo|頭|''tō''}}, when speaking of larger animals such as horses. This yields a range of possible counters, with differing degrees of usage and acceptability – for example, when ordering [[kushikatsu]] (fried skewers), one may order them as {{Nihongo|二串|''futa-kushi''}} (two skewers), {{Nihongo|二本|''ni-hon''}} (two sticks), or {{Nihongo|二つ|''futa-tsu''}} (two items), in decreasing order of precision.

Counters may be intentionally misused for humorous, stupid, or insulting effects. For example, the phrase {{Nihongo|男一匹|''otoko ippiki''}} (&quot;one man [like an animal]&quot;), uses {{Nihongo|匹|''hiki''}}, the counter for animals, instead of the typical counters for people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:男一匹とは |trans-title=Čto jest 'otoko ippiki'? |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%B9-453322 |access-date=2023-01-10 |script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=日本国語大辞典 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:一人前の男子ということを強めていう語。また、しっかりした男。|trans-quote=Koristaje se za podčrkivanje obraza vpolno dorastlogo i samostojnogo mladca. Može takože odkazyvati na člověka s silnym harakterom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Table of traditional numerals==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! Japanese
! Pronunciation ([[romaji]])
! Writing ([[hiragana]])
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ja|一つ}}
| {{-||hitotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ひとつ}}
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ja|二つ}}
| {{-||futatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ふたつ}}
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ja|三つ}}
| {{-||mittsu}}
| {{lang|ja|みっつ}}
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ja|四つ}}
| {{-||yottsu}}
| {{lang|ja|よっつ}}
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ja|五つ}}
| {{-||itsutsu}}
| {{lang|ja|いつつ}}
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ja|六つ}}
| {{-||muttsu}}
| {{lang|ja|むっつ}}
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ja|七つ}}
| {{-||nanatsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ななつ}}
|-
| 8
| {{lang|ja|八つ}}
| {{-||yattsu}}
| {{lang|ja|やっつ}}
|-
| 9
| {{lang|ja|九つ}}
| {{-||kokonotsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ここのつ}}
|-
| 10
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{-||tō}}
| {{lang|ja|とお}}
|}

==Common counters by category==
This is a selective list of some of the more commonly used counting words.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | People and Things
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonsful; [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}, {{lang|ja|びき}} {{-|biki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (demons/ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| '''frequently used word'''  Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, train tracks, ties, pencils, bottles, guitars; also, metaphorically, telephone calls, train or bus routes, movies (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), points or bounds in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for (modern [[codex]] format) books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, stories
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| '''frequently used word''' Implies that the item is small and/or round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-counter-ko/|title = Counting Small Objects in Japanese with 個 &amp;#124; PuniPuniJapan| date=15 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for military units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| '''frequently used word''' Thin, flat objects: sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| [[People]] (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Broad, flat objects: mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|[[wikt:つ#Etymology_4|つ]]}}
| '''frequently used word''' General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}} (&quot;one thing&quot;), {{lang|ja|二つ}} (&quot;two things&quot;), {{lang|ja|三つ}} (&quot;three things&quot;), etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Time, Calendar, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}, {{lang|ja|ぱく}} {{-|paku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|[[ヶ]]}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, hiragana {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}})
| Years of age ({{lang|ja|才}} is used informally as a [[ryakuji]])
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Extent, Frequency, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| '''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|jō}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
|'''frequently used word''' Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
|}

==Extended list of counters==
This list also includes some counters and usages that are rarely used or not widely known; other words can also be used as counters more sporadically.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Pronunciation
! Japanese
! Use
|-
| {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}
| {{lang|ja|場}}
| Scene of a play
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|倍}}
| Multiples, -fold as in &quot;twofold&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|晩}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ya}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ばん}} {{-|ban}}
| {{lang|ja|番}}
| Position, platform for a train line, turn, sports matches
|-
| {{lang|ja|び}} {{-|bi}}
| {{lang|ja|尾}}
| Small fish and [[shrimp]]s (used in the fish trade; most people say {{-|hiki}} instead)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶ}} {{-|bu}}
| {{lang|ja|部}}
| Copies of a magazine or newspaper, or other packets of papers
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぶん}} {{-|bun}}
| {{lang|ja|文}}
| Sentences
|-
| {{lang|ja|びょう}} {{-|byō}}
| {{lang|ja|秒}}
| Seconds
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちゃく}} {{-|chaku}}
| {{lang|ja|着}}
| Suits of clothing (see also: {{-|mai}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|挺}}
| Long, narrow things such as guns, [[shodo|sticks of ink]], [[Litter (vehicle)|palanquin]]s, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], [[violin]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|丁}}
| Sheets, pages, leaves, tools, scissors, saws, trousers, [[pistol]]s, cakes of [[tofu]], town [[City block|block]]s, servings at a restaurant
|-
| {{lang|ja|ちょう}} {{-|chō}}
| {{lang|ja|町}}
| Town blocks
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|代}}
| Generations, historical periods, reigns
|-
| {{lang|ja|だい}} {{-|dai}}
| {{lang|ja|台}}
| Cars, bicycles, machines, mechanical devices, [[home appliance|household appliance]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|だん}} {{-|dan}}
| {{lang|ja|段}}
| levels, ranks, steps (of stairs).
|-
| {{lang|ja|だんらく}} {{-|danraku}}
| {{lang|ja|段落}}
| Paragraphs
|-
| {{lang|ja|ど}} {{-|do}}, also {{lang|ja|たび}} {{-|tabi}}
| {{lang|ja|度}}
| Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: {{-|kai}}).
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふで}} {{-|fude}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
| Sequences of letters or drawings that you write or draw without removing your pen off the paper. Not to be confused with {{-|hitsu}} ({{lang|ja|筆}}) below.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|服}}
| Bowls of {{-|[[matcha]]}} (powdered green tea); packets or doses of powdered medicine; puffs (of, e.g., a cigarette); rests or breaks
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふく}} {{-|fuku}}, {{lang|ja|ぷく}} {{-|puku}}
| {{lang|ja|幅}}
| Hanging [[scroll]]s ({{-|[[kakemono|kakejiku]]}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふん}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|ぷん}} {{-|pun}}
| {{lang|ja|分}}
| Minutes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ふり}} {{-|furi}}
| {{lang|ja|振}}
| Swords
|-
| {{lang|ja|がっきゅう}} {{-|gakkyū}}
| {{lang|ja|学級}}
| [[Class (education)|Class]]es (in pre-university education)
|-
| {{lang|ja|がつ}} {{-|gatsu}}, also {{lang|ja|つき}} {{-|tsuki}}
| {{lang|ja|月}}
| Months of the year. Month-long periods when read {{-|tsuki}} (see also: {{-|kagetsu}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ご}} {{-|go}}
| {{lang|ja|語}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごう}} {{-|gō}}
| {{lang|ja|合}}
| small container (e.g. rice cup, sake cup)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ごん}} {{-|gon}}, also {{lang|ja|こと}} {{-|koto}}
| {{lang|ja|言}}
| Words
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぐ}} {{-|gu}}
| {{lang|ja|具}}
| Suits of [[armour]], sets of furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぎょう}} {{-|gyō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Lines of text
|-
| {{lang|ja|はく}} {{-|haku}}
| {{lang|ja|泊}}
| Nights of a stay
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}, {{lang|ja|ぱい}} {{-|pai}}, {{lang|ja|ばい}} {{-|bai}}
| {{lang|ja|杯}}
| Cups and glasses of drink, spoonfuls, [[cuttlefish]], [[octopus]]es, [[crab]]s, [[squid]], [[abalone]], boats (slang)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はい}} {{-|hai}}
| {{lang|ja|敗}}
| Losses (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|はこ}} {{-|hako}}
| {{lang|ja|箱}}
| Boxes
|-
| {{lang|ja|はり}} {{-|hari}}
| {{lang|ja|張}}
| Umbrellas, parasols, tents
|-
| {{lang|ja|はしら}} {{-|hashira}}
| {{lang|ja|柱}}
| gods, memorial tablets
|-
| {{lang|ja|はつ}} {{-|hatsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぱつ}} {{-|patsu}}
| {{lang|ja|発}}
| Gunshots, bullets, aerial fireworks; orgasms, sex acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひき}} {{-|hiki}}, {{lang|ja|ぴき}} {{-|piki}}
| {{lang|ja|匹}}
| Small animals, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, [[oni (folklore)|oni]] (ogres)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひん}} {{-|hin}}, {{lang|ja|ぴん}} {{-|pin}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|shina}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひつ}} {{-|hitsu}}, {{lang|ja|ぴつ}} {{-|pitsu}}
| {{lang|ja|筆}}
|pieces of land and number of people
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{-|ho}}, {{lang|ja|ぽ}} {{-|po}}
| {{lang|ja|歩}}
| Number of (foot)steps
|-
| {{lang|ja|ほん}} {{-|hon}}, {{lang|ja|ぽん}} {{-|pon}}, {{lang|ja|ぼん}} {{-|bon}}
| {{lang|ja|本}}
| Long, thin objects: rivers, roads, [[train]] tracks, [[necktie|tie]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[guitar]]s; also, metaphorically, telephone calls (see also: {{-|tsūwa}}), train or [[bus]] routes, movies, home runs, points or bounds{{Clarify| reason = &quot;bounds&quot; in what sense? Is this a typo for &quot;rounds&quot;?|date=September 2010}}  in sports events. Although {{lang|ja|本}} also means &quot;book&quot;, the counter for books is {{-|satsu}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょう}} {{-|hyō}}, {{lang|ja|ぴょう}} {{-|pyō}} 
| {{lang|ja|票}}
| Votes
|-
| {{lang|ja|ひょうし}} {{-|hyōshi}}, {{lang|ja|びょうし}} {{-|byōshi}}
| {{lang|ja|拍子}}
| Musical [[Beat (music)|beat]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|字}}
| Letters, [[kanji]], [[kana]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|児}}
| Children. As in &quot;father of two (children)&quot;, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|じ}} {{-|ji}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Hours of the day
|-
| {{lang|ja|じかん}} {{-|jikan}}
| {{lang|ja|時間}}
| Hour-long periods
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|畳}}
| [[Tatami]] mats. The kanji {{lang|ja|畳}} is also read {{-|tatami}} and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a [[washitsu]] in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ {{-|yo jō han}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|錠}}
| Pills/[[capsule (pharmacy)|capsule]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|じょう}} {{-|jō}}
| {{lang|ja|条}}
| Articles of law, thin objects, rays or streams of light, streaks of smoke or lightning
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Day of the month
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|架}}
| Frames
|-
| {{lang|ja|か}} {{-|ka}}
| {{lang|ja|課}}
| Lessons
|-
| {{lang|ja|かぶ}} {{-|kabu}}
| {{lang|ja|株}}
| Company shares; nursery trees
|-
| {{lang|ja|かげつ}} {{-|kagetsu}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}, {{lang|ja|箇月}}
| Month-long periods (see also: {{-|gatsu}}).  {{lang|ja|箇}} is normally abbreviated using a small [[katakana]] {{lang|ja|ヶ}} in modern Japanese. Alternatively {{lang|ja|個}}, [[hiragana]] {{lang|ja|か}}, small katakana {{lang|ja|ヵ}} and full-size katakana {{lang|ja|カ}} &amp; {{lang|ja|ケ}} can also be seen, although only {{lang|ja|か}} is similarly frequent.
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}
| {{lang|ja|回}}
| Occurrences, number of times (see also: {{-|do}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|かい}} {{-|kai}}, {{lang|ja|がい}} {{-|gai}}
| {{lang|ja|階}}
| Number of floors, storeys
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこく}} {{-|kakoku}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国}}, {{lang|ja|箇国}}
| Countries
|-
| {{lang|ja|かこくご}} {{-|kakokugo}}
| {{lang|ja|ヶ国語}}, {{lang|ja|箇国語}}
| (National) languages
|-
| {{lang|ja|かく}} {{-|kaku}}
| {{lang|ja|画}}
| [[Stroke order|Strokes]] in kanji
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|貫}}
| Pieces of [[sushi|nigiri-zushi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|艦}}
| Warships
|-
| {{lang|ja|けいとう}} {{-|keitou}}
| {{lang|ja|系統}}
| Bus routes
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}
| {{lang|ja|件}}
| Abstract matters and cases
|-
| {{lang|ja|けん}} {{-|ken}}, {{lang|ja|げん}} {{-|gen}}
| {{lang|ja|軒}}
| Houses
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|機}}
| Aircraft, machines
|-
| {{lang|ja|き}} {{-|ki}}
| {{lang|ja|基}}
| [[grave (burial)|Grave]]s, [[wreath]]s, [[CPU]]s, [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]]s, [[elevator]]s, [[dam]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|きん}} {{-|kin}}
| {{lang|ja|斤}}
| Loaves of bread
|-
| {{lang|ja|きれ}} {{-|kire}}
| {{lang|ja|切れ}}
| Slices (of bread, cake, [[sashimi]] etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|個}}, {{lang|ja|箇}}, {{lang|ja|个}}, or {{lang|ja|ヶ}}
| General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. {{lang|ja|個}} is also used for [[military]] units.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こ}} {{-|ko}}
| {{lang|ja|戸}}
| Houses ({{lang|ja|戸}} means &quot;door&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|校}}
| Schools
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|稿}}
| Drafts of a manuscript
|-
| {{lang|ja|こう}} {{-|kō}}
| {{lang|ja|行}}
| Banks
|-
| {{lang|ja|こま}} {{-|koma}}
| {{lang|ja|齣}}, {{lang|ja|コマ}}
| Frames, panels. {{lang|ja|齣}} is virtually unused nowadays.
|-
| {{lang|ja|こん}} {{-|kon}}
| {{lang|ja|献}}
| shots (of drink)
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|区}}
| Sections, city [[Wards of Japan|district]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|く}} {{-|ku}}
| {{lang|ja|句}}
| [[Haiku]], [[senryū]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|くち}} {{-|kuchi}}
| {{lang|ja|口}}
| (Bank) accounts, donations ({{lang|ja|口}} means &quot;opening&quot; or &quot;entrance&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くみ}} {{-|kumi}}
| {{lang|ja|組}}
| Groups, a pair of people (twins, a husband and a wife, dancers, etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|くらす}} {{-|kurasu}}
| {{lang|ja|クラス}}
| School classes
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|脚}}
| Desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses
|-
| {{lang|ja|きゃく}} {{-|kyaku}}
| {{lang|ja|客}}
| Pairs of cup and saucer
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|曲}}
| Pieces of music
|-
| {{lang|ja|きょく}} {{-|kyoku}}
| {{lang|ja|局}}
| [[Board game]] matches ([[chess]], [[Go (board game)|igo]], [[shogi]], [[mahjong]]); radio stations, television stations
|-
| {{lang|ja|まい}} {{-|mai}}
| {{lang|ja|枚}}
| Thin, flat objects, sheets of paper, photographs, plates, articles of clothing (see also: {{-|chaku}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|まき}} {{-|maki}} or {{lang|ja|かん}} {{-|kan}}
| {{lang|ja|巻}}
| Rolls, scrolls, kan for volumes of book
|-
| {{lang|ja|まく}} {{-|maku}}
| {{lang|ja|幕}}
| Theatrical acts
|-
| {{lang|ja|めい}} {{-|mei}}
| {{lang|ja|名}}
| People (polite) ({{lang|ja|名}} means &quot;name&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|めん}} {{-|men}}
| {{lang|ja|面}}
| Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of [[computer game]]s, walls of a room, tennis courts
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|門}}
| [[Cannon]]s
|-
| {{lang|ja|もん}} {{-|mon}}
| {{lang|ja|問}}
| Questions
|-
| {{lang|ja|ねん}} {{-|nen}}
| {{lang|ja|年}}
| Years, school years (grades); not years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|にち}} {{-|nichi}}
| {{lang|ja|日}}
| Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にん}} {{-|nin}}
| {{lang|ja|人}}
| People (but see table of exceptions below)
|-
| {{lang|ja|にんまえ}} {{-|ninmae}}
| {{lang|ja|人前}}
| Food portions (without exceptions, unlike {{-|nin}} above)
|-
| {{lang|ja|おり}} {{-|ori}}
| {{lang|ja|折}}
| Boxes made of folded paper (compare to {{-|hako}} above, which refers to boxes in general)
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぺーじ}} {{-|pēji}}
| {{lang|ja|ページ}}, {{lang|ja|頁}}
| Pages
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|例}}
| Cases, examples
|-
|-
| {{lang|ja|れい}} {{-|rei}}
| {{lang|ja|礼}}
| [[Bowing (social)|Bow]]s during worship at a shrine
|-
| {{lang|ja|れん}} {{-|ren}}
| {{lang|ja|連}}
| finger rings or necklace loops
|-
| {{lang|ja|り}} {{-|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|り}} or {{lang|ja|人}}
| People, used in the words {{lang|ja|一人 (ひとり)}} and {{lang|ja|二人 (ふたり)}}.
|-
| {{lang|ja|りん}} {{-|rin}}
| {{lang|ja|輪}}
| Wheels, flowers
|-
| {{lang|ja|りょう}} {{-|ryō}}
| {{lang|ja|両}}
| Railway cars
|-
| {{lang|ja|さい}} {{-|sai}}
| {{lang|ja|才}} or {{lang|ja|歳}}
| Years of age
|-
| {{lang|ja|さお}} {{-|sao}}
| {{lang|ja|棹}}
| Chests of drawers, flags
|-
| {{lang|ja|さつ}} {{-|satsu}}
| {{lang|ja|冊}}
| Books
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|席}}
| Seats, [[rakugo]] shows, (drinking) parties
|-
| {{lang|ja|せき}} {{-|seki}}
| {{lang|ja|隻}}
| Ships, half of a pair (e.g., half of a folding screen), item carried in a bundle (fish, birds, arrows etc.)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しな}} {{-|shina}}
| {{lang|ja|品}}
| Parts of a meal, courses (see also: {{-|hin}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゃ}} {{-|sha}}
| {{lang|ja|社}}
| used for businesses, i.e. {{lang|ja|会社}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|しき}} {{-|shiki}}
| {{lang|ja|式}}
| Sets of things, such as documents or furniture
|-
| {{lang|ja|しょう}} {{-|shō}}
| {{lang|ja|勝}}
| Wins (sports bouts)
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|首}}
| [[Waka (poetry)|Tanka]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅう}} {{-|shū}}
| {{lang|ja|週}}
| Weeks
|-
| {{lang|ja|しゅるい}} {{-|shurui}} or {{lang|ja|しゅ}} {{-|shu}}
| {{lang|ja|種類}} or {{lang|ja|種}}
| Kinds, species
|-
| {{lang|ja|そく}} {{-|soku}}
| {{lang|ja|足}}
| Pairs of footwear, pairs of socks, stockings, [[tabi]]
|-
| {{lang|ja|そう}} {{-|sō}}
| {{lang|ja|双}}
| Pairs
|-
| {{lang|ja|たば}} {{-|taba}}
| {{lang|ja|束}}
| bundles (of banknotes), bunches (of flowers, vegetables), sheaves
|-
| {{lang|ja|たい}} {{-|tai}}
| {{lang|ja|体}}
| Images, statues, person's remains, dolls, androids, humanoid robots
|-
| {{lang|ja|たわら}} {{-|tawara}}
| {{lang|ja|俵}}
| Bags of rice
|-
| {{lang|ja|てき}} {{-|teki}}
| {{lang|ja|滴}}
| Drops of liquid
|-
| {{lang|ja|てん}} {{-|ten}}
| {{lang|ja|点}}
| Points, dots, pieces of a set
|-
| {{lang|ja|とう}} {{-|tō}}
| {{lang|ja|頭}}
| Large animals, cattle, elephants, whales, dolphins, butterflies ({{lang|ja|頭}} means &quot;head&quot;)
|-
| {{lang|ja|とき}} {{-|toki}}
| {{lang|ja|時}}
| Time periods, a sixth of either day or night (in the traditional, obsolete way of telling time). See also: {{-|jikan}}
|-
| {{lang|ja|とおり}} {{-|tōri}}
| {{lang|ja|通り}}
| Combinations, puzzle solutions
|-
| {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}}
| {{lang|ja|つ}}
| Used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers {{lang|ja|一つ}}, {{lang|ja|二つ}}, {{lang|ja|三つ}} etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つう}} {{-|tsū}}
| {{lang|ja|通}}
| Letters
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぼ}} {{-|tsubo}}
| {{lang|ja|坪}}
| [[tsubo|Commonly used unit of area]] equal to 3.3 square metres.
|-
| {{lang|ja|つぶ}} {{-|tsubu}}
| {{lang|ja|粒}}
| Almonds, grain
|-
| {{lang|ja|つうわ}} {{-|tsūwa}}
| {{lang|ja|通話}}
| Telephone calls (see also: {{-|hon}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}, {{lang|ja|ば}} {{-|ba}}, {{lang|ja|ぱ}} {{-|pa}}
| {{lang|ja|羽}}
| Birds, rabbits. {{lang|ja|羽}} means &quot;feather&quot; or &quot;wing.&quot;
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|把}}
| Bundles
|-
| {{lang|ja|わ}} {{-|wa}}
| {{lang|ja|話}}
| Stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
|-
| {{lang|ja|や}} {{-|ya}}
| {{lang|ja|夜}}
| Nights (see also: {{-|ban}})
|-
| {{lang|ja|ぜん}} {{-|zen}}
| {{lang|ja|膳}}
| Pairs of [[chopsticks]]; bowls of rice
|}

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} ''{{-|ichi}}'' + {{lang|ja|回}} {{-|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} ''{{-|ikkai}}''. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} ''{{-|hiki}}'':
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|六
| +
|匹
|→
|六匹
|-
|''roku''
|
|'''''h'''iki''
|
|''ro'''pp'''iki''
|-
|six
|
|small animal
|
|
|}
change from glottal {{-|[h]}} to bilabial {{-|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{clarify|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{|
|一人
|-
|''hito-ri''
|-
|one-person
|}
{|
|二人
|-
|''futa-ri''
|-
|two-person.
|}
{|
|三人
|-
|''san-'''nin'''''
|-
|three-person
|}
These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{-|Jū}} is replaced by either {{-|ju-}} or {{-|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{-|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{-|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{-|ichi}}
| {{-|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{-|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{-|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{-|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{-|san}}
|
|
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{-|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{-|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{-|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{-|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{-|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{-|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{-|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{-|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{-|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{-|roku}}
| {{-|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{-|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{-|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{-|hachi}}
| {{-|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{-|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{-|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{-|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{-|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{-|jū}}
| {{-|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{-|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{-|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{-|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{-|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{-|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{-|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{-|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{-|hyaku}}
| {{-|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{-|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{-|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{-|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{-|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{-|man}}
|
|
|
| {{-|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{-|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{-|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{-|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{-|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}

==Exceptions==
The traditional numbers are used by and for young children to give their ages, instead of using the age counter {{lang|ja|歳}} (or {{lang|ja|才}}) {{-|sai}}.

Some counters, notably {{lang|ja|日}} {{-|nichi}} and {{lang|ja|人}} {{-|nin}}, use the traditional numerals for some numbers as shown in the table below. Other uses of traditional numbers are usually restricted to certain phrases, such as {{lang|ja|一月}} {{-|hitotsuki}} and {{lang|ja|二月}} {{-|futatsuki}} (one and two months respectively), {{lang|ja|一言}} {{-|hitokoto}} (a single word) and {{lang|ja|一度}} {{-|hitotabi}} (once).

Sometimes common numbers that have a derived meaning are written using different kanji. For example, {{-|hitori}} (alone) is written {{lang|ja|独り}}, and {{-|futatabi}} (once more, another time) is normally written {{lang|ja|再び}} instead of {{lang|ja|二度}}. The counter for months {{-|kagetsu}} (derived from kanji {{lang|ja|箇月}}) is commonly written {{lang|ja|ヶ月}}.

{{-|Nana}} and {{-|shichi}} are alternatives for 7, {{-|yon}} and {{-|shi}} are alternatives for 4, and {{-|kyū}} and {{-|ku}} are alternatives for 9. In those three pairs of options, {{-|nana}}, {{-|yon}} and  {{-|kyū}} respectively are more commonly used. Some counters, however, notably {{lang|ja|人}} {{-|nin}} (people), {{lang|ja|月}} {{-|gatsu}} (month of the year), {{lang|ja|日}} {{-|ka/nichi}} (day of the month, days), {{lang|ja|時}} {{-|ji}} (time of day) and {{lang|ja|時間}} {{-|jikan}} (hours) take certain alternatives only. These are shown in the table below.

While {{lang|ja|回}} {{-|kai}} (occurrences) and {{lang|ja|銭}} {{-|sen}} (0.01 yen, now rarely used) follow the euphonic changes listed above, homophones {{lang|ja|階}} {{-|kai}} (stories/floors of a building) and {{lang|ja|千}} {{-|sen}} (1000) are slightly different as shown below, although these differences are not followed by all speakers. Thus {{lang|ja|三階}} (&quot;third floor&quot;) can be read either {{-|san'''k'''ai}} or {{-|san'''g'''ai}}, while {{lang|ja|三回}} (&quot;three times&quot;) can only be read {{-|san'''k'''ai}}.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numeral
! {{lang|ja|つ}} {{-|tsu}} 
! {{lang|ja|日}} {{-|nichi}}
! {{lang|ja|人}} {{-|nin}}
! {{lang|ja|年}} {{-|nen}}
! {{lang|ja|月}} {{-|gatsu}}
! {{lang|ja|時}} {{-|ji}}
! {{lang|ja|分}} {{-|fun}}
! {{lang|ja|百}} {{-|hyaku}}
! {{lang|ja|千}} {{-|sen}}
! {{lang|ja|歳}} {{-|sai}}
! {{lang|ja|階}} {{-|kai}}
|-
| 1
|{{lang|ja|ひとつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|hitotsu}}
| {{-|tsuitachi}}{{efn|But when counting number of days rather than days of the month, {{-|ichinichi}} is used. {{-|Ippi}} is also heard.}}
| {{-|hitori}}
|
|
|
| {{-|ippun}}
|
| {{-|issen}}
| {{-|issai}}
| {{-|ikkai}}
|-
| 2
|{{lang|ja|ふたつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|futatsu}}
| {{-|futsuka}}
| {{-|futari}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 3
|{{lang|ja|みっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|mittsu}}
| {{-|mikka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{-|sanpun}}
| {{-|sanbyaku}}
| {{-|sanzen}}
|
| {{-|sangai}}
|-
| 4
|{{lang|ja|よっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|yottsu}}
| {{-|yokka}}
| {{-|yonin}}{{efn|In remote rural areas (e.g. Northern [[Honshu]] and Eastern [[Hokkaido]]) older speakers might use {{-|yottari}}.{{refn|{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|title=Language Contact and Lexical Innovation|access-date=2007-02-14|archive-date=2004-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216014043/http://www.wsc.uni-erlangen.de/pdf/tsou.pdf|url-status=dead}} Table 1. Native Counting in Japanese}} }}
| {{-|yonen}}
| {{-|shigatsu}}
| {{-|yoji}}
| {{-|yonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 5
|{{lang|ja|いつつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|itsutsu}}
| {{-|itsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 6
|{{lang|ja|むっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|muttsu}}
| {{-|muika}}
|
|
|
|
| {{-|roppun}}
| {{-|roppyaku}}
|
|
| {{-|rokkai}}
|-
| 7
|{{lang|ja|ななつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|nanatsu}}
| {{-|nanoka}}
| {{-|shichinin}}
|
| {{-|shichigatsu}}
| {{-|shichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8
|{{lang|ja|やっつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|yattsu}}
| {{-|yōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{-|happun}}
| {{-|happyaku}}
| {{-|hassen}}
| {{-|hassai}}
| {{-|hakkai}}
|-
| 9
|{{lang|ja|ここのつ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|kokonotsu}}
| {{-|kokonoka}}
|
|
| {{-|kugatsu}}
| {{-|kuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|{{lang|ja|とお}}&lt;br /&gt;{{-|tō}}
| {{-|tōka}}
|
|
|
|
| {{-|jippun}}
|
|
| {{-|jissai}}
| {{-|jikkai}}
|-
| 14
|
| {{-|jūyokka}}
| {{-|jūyonin}}
| {{-|jūyonen}}
|
| {{-|jūyoji}}
| {{-|jūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
|
|{{-|jūshichinichi}}
|{{-|jūshichinin}}
|
|
|{{-|jūshichiji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
|
|{{-|jūkunichi}}
|
|
|
|{{-|jūkuji}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 20
|
| {{-|hatsuka}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{-|hatachi}}
|
|-
| 24
|
|{{-|nijūyokka}}
|{{-|nijūyonin}}
|{{-|nijūyonen}}
|
|{{-|nijūyoji}}
|{{-|nijūyonpun}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ja|何}} {{-|nan}}
|
| 
| {{efn|Both {{lang|ja|幾人}} {{-|ikunin}} and {{lang|ja|何人}} {{-|nannin}} are used to mean &quot;how many people&quot;.}}
|
|
|
| {{-|nanpun}}
| {{-|nanbyaku}}
| {{-|nanzen}}
| 
| {{-|nangai}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Ordinal numbers==
In general, the counter words mentioned above are [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal numbers]], in that they indicate quantity.  To transform a counter word into an [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] that denotes position in a sequence, {{lang|ja|目}} {{-|me}} is added to the end of the counter.  Thus &quot;one time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回}} {{-|ikkai}}, whereas &quot;the first time&quot; would be translated as {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{-|ikkaime}}.

This rule is inconsistent, however, as counters without the {{-|me}} suffix are often used interchangeably with cardinal and ordinal meanings.  For example, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{-|sangai}} can mean both &quot;three floors&quot; and &quot;third floor.&quot;

==Periods of time==
To express a period of time one may add {{lang|ja|間}} {{-|kan}} to the following words: {{lang|ja|秒}} {{-|byō}}, {{lang|ja|分}} {{-|fun}}, {{lang|ja|時}} {{-|ji}}, {{lang|ja|日}} {{-|nichi}} (and its irregular readings aside from {{-|tsuitachi}}), {{lang|ja|週}} {{-|shū}}, {{lang|ja|ヶ月}} {{-|kagetsu}} and {{lang|ja|年}} {{-|nen}}. Usage varies depending on the word, though. For example, omitting {{-|kan}} in the case of {{lang|ja|時間}} {{-|jikan}} would be a mistake, whereas {{-|shūkan}} and {{-|shū}} are both in frequent use. In addition, {{-|kagetsukan}} is rarely heard due to essentially being superfluous, the {{-|ka}} already functioning to express the length.

== Counter for rabbits ==
The counter for rabbits is {{-|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), which is the same as the counter for birds. Usually, {{-|-hiki}}  ({{lang|ja|匹}}) is used for &quot;small-to-medium-size animals&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=Akira |last2=Tanimori |first2=Masahiro |date=1996 |title=Handbook of Japanese Grammar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329477 |journal=The Modern Language Journal |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=424 |doi=10.2307/329477 |jstor=329477 |issn=0026-7902|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore, the counter for rabbits is an exception. There are many theories about why {{-|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used for rabbits instead of {{-|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).

One of the theories is that in Edo-era, eating four-legged animals was strictly forbidden by the government, and people were not allowed to consume rabbit meat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tsurumi |first=Noriaki |script-title=ja:干支ってなぁ～に？ |publisher=Chikuma Shubansha |year=2000 |location=Japan |pages=92 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:Japonica時事百科 : 大日本百科事典編 |publisher=Shogakukan |year=1980 |location=Japan |pages=85–86 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, people started to categorize rabbits as birds so that they could consume rabbit meat, and the counter was also changed from {{-|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}) to {{-|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsurumi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that taste of rabbit meat is similar to bird meat, and in addition, the rabbits were captured using a net just like birds so {{-|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}) is used instead of {{-|-hiki}} ({{lang|ja|匹}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |script-title=ja:平凡社大百科事典 |publisher=Heibinsya |year=1984 |location=Japan |pages=221–222 |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Takemitsu says that the origin of the word rabbit, {{lang|ja|兎}} {{-|usagi}}, is {{lang|ja|羽}} {{-|u}} which describes birds feather: therefore, the counter, {{-|-wa}} ({{lang|ja|羽}}), is used for rabbits.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takemitsu |first=Makoto |script-title=ja:歴史から生まれた日常語の由来辞典 |publisher=Tokyodo Shuppan. |year=1998 |location=Japan |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Употребление == 
В японском языке конструкции с использованием количественных [[числительное|числительных]] могут строиться по нижеследующим схемам.
* Первая схема: ''количество + суффикс —'' の ''(но) — предмет'', например:
:一本 — の — 鉛筆: иппон-но эмпицу, один карандаш;
:八歳 — の — 娘: хассай-но мусумэ, восьмилетняя девочка.

В данных примерах идентичные в японском языке конструкции передаются при переводе совершенно по-разному.

* Вторая схема: '' предмет — частица связи с глаголом — количество + суффикс — глагол'', например:
:鉛筆 — を — 三本 — 買いました: эмпицу-о санбон каймасита, купил три карандаша.
:八歳の娘 — が — 三人 — います: хассай-но мусумэ-га саннин имасу, присутствуют три восьмилетних девочки.

При выборе суффикса учитывается не только фактическая принадлежность к классу вещей («круглые предметы» или «животные»), но и форма.
* «один плывущий тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппики'' но магуро|一匹の鮪||считается на «головы скота»}},
* «один выловленный тунец» — {{Nihongo|''иппон'' но магуро|一本の鮪||считается на «цилиндрические предметы»}},
* «одна тушка тунца без головы и кожи» — {{Nihongo|''иттё:'' но магуро|一丁の鮪||считается на «порции»}},
* «один кусок тунца» — {{Nihongo|''хитокатамари'' но магуро|一塊の鮪||считается на «куски»}},
* «тонкий ломтик тунца в упаковке» — {{Nihongo|''хитосаку'' но магуро|一冊の鮪||считается на «полоски»}},
* «отрезанный кусочек мяса тунца, готовый к употреблению» — {{Nihongo|''хитокирэ'' но магуро|一切れの鮪||считается на «кусочки»}}.

== Список счётных суффиксов ==
В примерах выше используются суффиксы 本 («хон», иногда произносится как «пон» или «бон»), 歳 («сай») и 人 («нин»). Наиболее употребительные суффиксы приведены в таблице:

{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
!Пример
|-
|個
|こ
|ко
|мелкие предметы, не входящие в другие категории, в том числе плоды, монеты и др.
|хак'''ко'''-но ринго (восемь яблок)
|-
|本
|ほん, ぼん, ぽん
|хон, бон, пон
|длинные цилиндрические предметы: деревья и цветы, ручки и карандаши, продолговатые фрукты и овощи, зонты;&lt;br /&gt;кинофильмы; схватки в единоборствах; автобусы; составы поездов
|роп'''пон'''-но банана (шесть бананов)
|-
|枚
|まい
|май
|плоские предметы: листы и листья, картины и фотографии без рамки, тарелки, доски, сложенная или висящая одежда
|ити'''май'''-но тикэтто (один билет)
|-
|人
|にん
|нин
|люди
|нидзю'''нин'''-но гакусэй (двадцать студентов)
|-
|か月
|かげつ
|кагэцу
|периоды времени, выраженные в месяцах
|росиа-ни сан-'''кагэцу''' имасита (три месяца провёл в России)
|-
|月
|がつ
|гацу
|для названий месяцев
|го'''гацу'''-ни (в мае; го'''гацу''' — пятый месяц)
|-
|時
|じ
|дзи
|для счёта часов
|има ё'''дзи''' дэс (сейчас четыре часа)
|-
|台
|だい
|дай
|для счёта больших предметов, техники
|курума га ни'''дай''' аримасу ([у меня] две машины)
|-
|羽
|わ
|ва
|для счёта птиц и кроликов
|ути дэ тори о ни'''ва''' каимасу (дома держу двух птиц)
|-
|晩
|ばん
|бан
|для счёта вечеров, ночей
|
|-
|度
|ど
|до
|для счёта разов, повторов, событий
|мо: ити'''до''' ёндэ кудасай (прочтите ещё [один] раз)
|-
|日
|か
|ка
|для названий 2—10 дней месяца, также периодов от 2 до 10 дней
|гогацу коконо-'''ка''' (Девятое Мая)
|-
|代
|だい
|дай
|для счёта эпох и поколений
|
|-
|名
|めい
|мэй
|вежливый суффикс для счёта людей (см. также '''нин''')
|
|-
|年
|ねん
|нэн
|для счёта лет
|Киссатэн-дэ ити'''нэн''' хатаракимасита (год работал в кафе)
|-
|尾
|び
|би
|для счета рыб
|
|-
|杯
|はい
|хай
|для счета чашечек (сакэ, чай), также для счета осьминогов, кальмаров
|
|-
|}

Следующие суффиксы тоже регулярно встречаются в речи японцев:
{|class = wikitable
!Кандзи
!Хирагана
!Киридзи
!Применение
|-
|発
|はつ
|хацу
|для счёта выстрелов и ударов
|-
|冊
|さつ
|сацу
|для счёта книг
|-
|門
|もん
|мон
|для счёта пушек
|-
|部
|ぶ
|бу
|для счёта копий бумаг
|-
|頭
|とう
|то:
|для крупных животных
|-
|課
|か
|ка
|для счёта занятий, уроков
|-
|品
|ひん
|хин
|для счёта блюд
|-
|通
|つう
|цу:
|для счёта документов, писем; способов, сортов
|-
|回
|かい
|кай
|для счёта разов
|-
|対
|つい
|цуй
|для счёта наборов
|-
|歩
|ほ
|хо
|для счёта шагов
|-
|畳
|じょう
|дзё:
|для счёта площади по количеству [[татами]]
|-
|艘
|そう
|со:
|для счёта маленьких лодок
|-
|俵
|ひょう
|хё:
|для счёта сумок
|}

Без суффиксов могут употребляться только десять исконно [[Японские цифры#Японские цифры|японских числительных]], оканчивающихся на -цу (хитоцу, футацу, мицу…).

: 二つ | の | 桜ん坊 
: футацу| но | сакурамбо
: две | вишенки
вместо:
: 二 | 個 | の | 桜ん坊
: ни | ко | но | сакурамбо
: две | штуки | вишенки

== Вопросительные местоимения ==
[[Вопросительные местоимения]] в японском языке столь же разнообразны, как и счётные суффиксы, и так же зависят от того, к каким предметам относятся. В общем случае вопросительные местоимения образуются путём сложения вопросительного слова {{Nihongo|«нан»|何||''что''}} и счётного суффикса. Таким образом, вопрос «Сколько сакур растёт в саду?» может выглядеть так:
:桜の木は |  何本 | 庭に | あります |か
:сакураноки-ва | намбон | нива-ни | аримас | ка (вопросительная частица)
:вишнёвое дерево| сколько | в саду | имеется | ?
Существуют и другие вопросительные местоимения&lt;ref&gt;Вопросительные местоимения (вторая форма более вежливая):
* что — «нан»/«нани»
* кто — «дарэ»/«доната»
* где — «доко»/«дотира»
* когда — «ицу»&lt;/ref&gt;, например {{Nihongo|幾ら||икура|сколько(как дорого)}}.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese counter word}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ažakio]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}


=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q5287}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
      <sha1>sja27g868jxoba2isk0ooav16ski143</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>С́</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3102</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29304</id>
      <parentid>21564</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:34:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29304</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2100" sha1="szc7yarvjy8ofh1h5zkl77cex08gj4d" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Sje - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{Calibri|С́}}''', '''{{Calibri|с́}}''' (''sje'', ''es s akutom'') je bukva [[Črnogorsky jezyk|črnogorskoj]] [[Kirilica|kirilice]], ktora byla oficialno vvedena v 2009 g. za označen‌je bezzvučnogo alveolo-palatalnogo frikativa {{MFA|ɕ}}, odsutnogo v [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]]. Ona transliteruje se na [[Latinica|latinicu]] pozajetoju iz [[Poljsky jezyk|poljskogo]] bukvoju '''{{-|ś}}'''. Jejin zvučny ekvivalent je '''{{Calibri|[[з́]]}}''' (lat. '''{{-|ź}}''').

Prvy priklad koristan‌ja tutoj bukvy byl v 1926 g.; prědže, v 1884 g., [[Črna Gora|črnogorsky]] politik Lazar Tomanović prědložil dvuznak '''{{-|шј}}''' za tutoj zvuk. Ona koristaje se v takyh slovah kako: ''{{Calibri|с́екира}}'' «sěkyra», ''{{Calibri|с́евер}}'' «sěver», ''{{Calibri|сус́ед}}'' «susěd», ''{{Calibri|с́ести}}'' «sjesti».

Zatože tuta bukva byla vvedena odnositeljno nedavno, ona ne istnuje kako samostojny znak v [[Unikod]]u. Zaměsto togo piše se kako kombinacija bukvy '''{{-|[[С (kirilica)|с]]}}''' z akutom.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = С | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES | 1-sist16 = 0421 | 1-sist10 = 1057 | 1-alf = Scy | 1-utf8 = D0 A1
| 2-znak = с | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES | 2-sist16 = 0441 | 2-sist10 = 1089 | 2-alf = scy | 2-utf8 = D0 C1
| 3-znak = ́ | 3-nazva = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT | 3-sist16 = 0301 | 3-sist10 = 769 | 3-utf8 = CC 81
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0421 | title = U+0421 Cyrillic Capital Letter Es | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0441 | title = U+0441 Cyrillic Small Letter Es | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0301 | title = U+301 Combining Acute Accent | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy С}}

{{DEFAULTSORT|С}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q3661404}}</text>
      <sha1>szc7yarvjy8ofh1h5zkl77cex08gj4d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29305</id>
      <parentid>29304</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:34:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Vněšnje linky */</comment>
      <origin>29305</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2100" sha1="gnrychx4588rh5eiro9wahzzbiqydq4" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Sje - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{Calibri|С́}}''', '''{{Calibri|с́}}''' (''sje'', ''es s akutom'') je bukva [[Črnogorsky jezyk|črnogorskoj]] [[Kirilica|kirilice]], ktora byla oficialno vvedena v 2009 g. za označen‌je bezzvučnogo alveolo-palatalnogo frikativa {{MFA|ɕ}}, odsutnogo v [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskom]]. Ona transliteruje se na [[Latinica|latinicu]] pozajetoju iz [[Poljsky jezyk|poljskogo]] bukvoju '''{{-|ś}}'''. Jejin zvučny ekvivalent je '''{{Calibri|[[з́]]}}''' (lat. '''{{-|ź}}''').

Prvy priklad koristan‌ja tutoj bukvy byl v 1926 g.; prědže, v 1884 g., [[Črna Gora|črnogorsky]] politik Lazar Tomanović prědložil dvuznak '''{{-|шј}}''' za tutoj zvuk. Ona koristaje se v takyh slovah kako: ''{{Calibri|с́екира}}'' «sěkyra», ''{{Calibri|с́евер}}'' «sěver», ''{{Calibri|сус́ед}}'' «susěd», ''{{Calibri|с́ести}}'' «sjesti».

Zatože tuta bukva byla vvedena odnositeljno nedavno, ona ne istnuje kako samostojny znak v [[Unikod]]u. Zaměsto togo piše se kako kombinacija bukvy '''{{-|[[С (kirilica)|с]]}}''' z akutom.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = С | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES | 1-sist16 = 0421 | 1-sist10 = 1057 | 1-alf = Scy | 1-utf8 = D0 A1
| 2-znak = с | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES | 2-sist16 = 0441 | 2-sist10 = 1089 | 2-alf = scy | 2-utf8 = D0 C1
| 3-znak = ́ | 3-nazva = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT | 3-sist16 = 0301 | 3-sist10 = 769 | 3-utf8 = CC 81
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0421 | title = U+0421 Cyrillic Capital Letter Es | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0441 | title = U+0441 Cyrillic Small Letter Es | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0301 | title = U+301 Combining Acute Accent | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy С}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:С}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q3661404}}</text>
      <sha1>gnrychx4588rh5eiro9wahzzbiqydq4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Топличско повстанје</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3263</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29333</id>
      <parentid>22113</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T08:34:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-40528-66</username>
        <id>524</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>29333</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5381" sha1="0w3jzankgwzpjfgrptv3pzhtw6naewj" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Prokuplje spom3.jpg|thumb|Помник србскым повстанцам в Прокупљу, [[Србија]].]]

'''Топличско повстанје''' ({{Jezyky|sr|Топлички устанак|sr|Toplički ustanak}}) было повстанје против [[Булгарија|булгарској]] окупаціје [[Србија|Србије]] в часу [[Прва свєтова војна|Првој свєтовој војны]]. Оно трвало од 21 февруара до 25 марца 1917 года и было јединым повстанјем в окупованом крају в часу Првој свєтовој војны. Коло 20 тысечев србов умрєли в часу повстанја и послє јего подтисканја. Повстанје было подтримано србскыми партизанами [[Четники|четниками]].

Прва свєтова војна почела се в 1914 году с војны [[Австро-Мадјарија|Австро-Мадјарије]] против Србије. Србија одразила 3 австро-мадјарскых напада, але в 1915 году Булгарија пріступила до војны со страны Австро-Мадјарије и послє сполној операције Австро-Мадјарије, Нємечској империје и Булгарије Србија была окупована к децембру 1915 года и раздєљена меджу Австро-Мадјаријеју и Булгаријеју. Булгарија достала оземје Поморавља, кторе были цєљем булгарского национализма.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author1=Charles Jelavich|author2=Barbara Jelavich|title=The Establishment of the Balkan National States, 1804–1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LBYriPYyfUoC&amp;pg=PA289|date=2012-09-20|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-80360-9|pages=289–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Топличско повстанје почело се 21 фебруара 1917 года послє реда антисрбскых дєјаниј, вкључајучи затворјенје србскых школ, забрану србского језыка и традициј и спаљенје книг, а такоже грабєж и арешты. Најсилну скаргу причинил почеток мобилизације мєстных србов од 18 до 50 лєт в булгарску армију. Прве боји были меджу србскыми бєглецами од булгарскых војск и булгарскыми војенными. Повстанје вкључало оземје Топлице, Јабланице, Јастребца, возходне и централне чести Копаоника. Повстанци брзо освободили Куршумилија (27 фебруара), Лебане (1 марца), Прокупље (3 марца) и Блаце (5 марца).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mladenović|first=Božica|year=2007b|title=Топлички устанак 1917: збирка докумената |publisher=Istorijski institut|id=GGKEY:X5X73Z78UTZ |pages=9-10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kaZCgAAQBAJ|language=sr}}&lt;/ref&gt; В постанју учествовало коло 10 тысечев србов.

12 марца почела се булгарска контратака под наказом [[Александар Протогенов|Александара Протогенова]], вкључајучи македонске силы ВМРО [[Тане Николов]]а.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bechev|first=Dimitar|title=Historical dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia|date=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6295-1|location=Lanham, Md.|oclc=371111086|page=10|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; К 25 марцу поредок на окупованых оземјах Булгарије был изнова.&lt;ref &gt;{{Cite book|author=Richard C. Hall|title=Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVJ3BwKa9wMC&amp;pg=PA82|date=3 May 2010|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-00411-6|pages=82–|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Боје с србскыми партизанами имали час до освободженја Србије армијеју Антанты, а главны водж повстанја Коста Војинович был убиты австро-мадјарцами 25 децембра 1917 года.

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=&quot;250px&quot; heights=&quot;150px&quot;&gt;
Tane Nikolov at First world war.jpg|Тане Николов пријме капитулацију четников послє повстанја.
Tortured Toplica Peasants7.jpg|Жена из Топлице показываје срасты послє булгарскых војинов, кторе марковали ју чрвеным горечим желєзом.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Източникы ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Vněšnje linky ==
{{Prěvod|en|Toplica Uprising|revizija=1147166662}}

[[Kategorija:Повстања]]
[[Kategorija:Прва свєтова војна]]
[[Kategorija:Србија]]
[[Kategorija:Булгарија]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q1107316}}</text>
      <sha1>0w3jzankgwzpjfgrptv3pzhtw6naewj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ѡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3438</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29339</id>
      <parentid>22718</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T09:04:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29339</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3507" sha1="qnk1c2ptv6s9z9er05dxybxb8ql0d33" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Omega - uppercase and lowercase.svg|right|240px]]
'''{{-|Ѡ ѡ}}''' (''omega'') je 25. bukva starokiriličnoj azbuky. Jejna nazva i forma proizhodet bezposrědnje od [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskoj]] bukvy ''omega'' (Ω ω). Jednakože v protivnosti k [[Grečsky jezyk|grečskomu]], slovjanske jezyky iměli samo jedin zvuk {{MFA|ɔ}}, i kirilična omega koristala se rědko v sravnjen‌ju k bukvě '''{{-|[[О (kirilica)|о]]}}''' (proizšedšej od grečskoj bukvy ''omikron''), daže v grečskyh pozajetjah. Pod [[titlo]]m ona prědstavjaje [[Starokirilične čisla|starokirilično čislo]] «800».

Kirilična omega projavila se v někojih formah:
* '''{{-|Ѡ ѡ}}''': «obyčna versija»
* '''{{-|Ꙍ ꙍ}}''': «široka versija»
* '''{{-|Ѽ ѽ}}''': «omega s velikym apostrofom», prědstavjajuča medžumetje «o!» (v [[Unikod]]u pogrěšno nazyvajema ''s titlom'')
* '''{{-|Ѿ ѿ}}''': «ot», [[ligatura]] bukv '''ѡ''' i '''{{-|т}}''', je oddělna bukva v azbukě, prědstavjajuča prědložnik «od» i prědrastku «od-»
* '''{{-|Ѻ ѻ}}''': «krugla omega» ili «on», variant bukvy '''о''' upotrěbjeny v oprěděljenyh pozicijah v [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom]]

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѡ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA | 1-sist16 = 0460 | 1-sist10 = 1120 | 1-utf8 = D1 A0
| 2-znak = ѡ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA   | 2-sist16 = 0461 | 2-sist10 = 1121 | 2-utf8 = D1 A1
| 3-znak = Ꙍ | 3-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BROAD OMEGA | 3-sist16 = A64C | 3-sist10 = 42572 | 3-utf8 = EA 99 8C
| 4-znak = ꙍ | 4-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BROAD OMEGA   | 4-sist16 = A64D | 4-sist10 = 42573 | 4-utf8 = EA 99 8D
| 5-znak = Ѽ | 5-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO | 5-sist16 = 047C | 5-sist10 = 1148 | 5-utf8 = D1 BC
| 6-znak = ѽ | 6-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO   | 6-sist16 = 047D | 6-sist10 = 1149 | 6-utf8 = D1 BD
| 7-znak = Ѿ | 7-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OT | 7-sist16 = 047E | 7-sist10 = 1150 | 7-utf8 = D1 BE
| 8-znak = ѿ | 8-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OT   | 8-sist16 = 047F | 8-sist10 = 1151 | 8-utf8 = D1 BF
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0460 | title = U+0460 Cyrillic Capital Letter Omega | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0461 | title = U+0461 Cyrillic Small Letter Omega | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A64C | title = U+A64C Cyrillic Capital Letter Broad Omega | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A64D | title = U+A64D Cyrillic Small Letter Broad mega | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+047C | title = U+047C Cyrillic Capital Letter Omega with Titlo | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+047D | title = U+047D Cyrillic Small Letter Omega with Titlo | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+047E | title = U+047E Cyrillic Capital Letter Ot | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+047F | title = U+047F Cyrillic Small Letter Ot | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy О}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:О}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q424863}}</text>
      <sha1>qnk1c2ptv6s9z9er05dxybxb8ql0d33</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ѣ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3439</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29348</id>
      <parentid>22729</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T09:54:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29348</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4768" sha1="12kq8f2i1icxd0530ybhf0o91o5mxg9" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic_letter_Yat.svg|right|240px]]
'''{{-|Ѣ, ѣ}}''' («jat», razširjenym pravopisom «jať»; scs. ''{{-|ѣть}}'', rus./ukr. ''{{-|ять}}'', bulg. ''{{-|ят}}'' ili ''{{-|е двойно}}'', srb. ''{{-|јат}}'', hrv. ''{{-|jat}}'', pol. ''{{-|jać}}'') je 32. bukva starokiriličnoj azbuky, a takože samoglaska, pisana toju bukvoju. V slavističnoj transliteraciji ona je prědstavjena bukvoju '''{{-|ě}}''', pozajetoju iz češskogo alfabeta.

V praslovjanskom jezyku ''jat'' byla dolga samoglaska. Mněvaje se, že ona izgovarjala se zvukom {{MFA|æ:}}, ktory proizhodil iz ranějših zvukov {{MFA|e:}}, {{MFA|oj}} ili {{MFA|aj}}.

Uže v davnyh tekstah često měšajut se ''jat'' i jotovana bukva '''a''' ('''{{-|ꙗ}}'''), čto je svezano s tym, že v solunskyh narěčjah, na ktoryh bazuje se [[starocrkovnoslovjansky jezyk]], došlo k izměně izgovora {{MFA|æ:}} v {{MFA|ja}} – v protivnosti k sěvernym i vozhodnym narěčjam. Zaměšan‌je ješče pogoršila grafična podobnost [[Maly jus|malogo jusa]] ('''{{-|Ѧ}}''') [[Glagolica|glagoličnoj]] bukvě jati ('''{{-|Ⱑ}}'''). 

V starokiriličnoj azbukě takože byla rědko koristana jotavana versija jati: '''{{-|[[ꙓ]]}}'''.

Bukva '''{{-|ѣ}}''' byla čest russkoj azbuky do 1918 g., bulgarskoj azbuky daže do 1945 g. Poněkogda je koristajema v [[Rusinsky jezyk|rusinskom jezyku]] i dnes. 

== Razvoj jati v sučasnyh slovjanskyh jezykah ==
* [[Russky jezyk|Russky]]: '''{{-|е}}''' {{MFA|ʲe}}, napr. ''{{-|белый, вера, мерить, лето}}''
* [[Bělorussky jezyk|Bělorussky]]: '''{{-|е}}''' {{MFA|ʲe}}, napr. ''{{-|белы, вера, мераць, лета}}''
* [[Ukrajinsky jezyk|Ukrajinsky]]: '''{{-|і}}''', napr. ''{{-|білий, віра, міряти, літо}}''
* [[Poljsky jezyk|Poljsky]]: '''{{-|’a}}''' ili '''{{-|ia}}''' {{MFA|ʲa}} prěd tvrdoju zubnoju suglaskoju, '''{{-|’e}}''' ili '''{{-|ie}}''', napr. ''{{-|biały/bieli, wiara/wierzyć, miara/mierzyć, lato/letni}}''
* [[Gornolužičsky jezyk|Gorno-]] i [[Dolnolužičsky jezyk|Dolnolužičsky]]: '''{{-|ě}}''' {{MFA|e}}~{{MFA|iɪ}}, napr. ''{{-|běły, wěra, měrić/měriś, lěto}}''
* [[Češsky jezyk|Češsky]]: (kratka jat) '''{{-|ě}}''' {{MFA|ʲe}} (poslě labialnoj suglasky) ili '''{{-|e}}''', (dolga jat) '''{{-|í}}''' {{MFA|i:}}, napr. ''{{-|bílý, víra, měřit, léto}}''
* [[Slovačsky jezyk|Slovačsky]]: (kratka jat) '''{{-|e}}''', (dolga jat) '''{{-|ie}}''', napr. ''{{-|biely, viera, merať, leto}}''
* [[Slovenečsky jezyk|Slovenečsky]]: '''{{-|e}}''', napr. ''{{-|bel, vera, meriti, svet, mesec, leto}}''
* [[Srbohrvatsky jezyk|Srbohrvatsky]] – ekavsky (samo v srbskom standardu): '''e''', napr. ''beo, vera, meriti, leto''
* [[Srbohrvatsky jezyk|Srbohrvatsky]] – jekavsky (v hrvatskom, bosnijskom i črnogorskom standardu): (kratka jat) '''je''', (dolga jat) '''ije''', napr. ''bijel, vjera, mjeriti, ljeto''
* [[Srbohrvatsky jezyk|Srbohrvatsky]] - ikavsky (v někojih hrvatskyh narěčjah): '''i''', napr. ''bio, vira, miriti, lito''
* [[Makedonsky jezyk|Makedonsky]]: '''{{-|е}}''', napr. ''{{-|бел, вера, мери, свет, лето}}''
* [[Bulgarsky jezyk|Bulgarsky]]: '''{{-|е}}''', '''{{-|я}}''', napr. ''{{-|бял/бели, вяра/вери, меря, лято/лета}}''

== V medžuslovjanskom ==
V [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom]] izgovor jati vsegda je {{MFA|ʲe}}. V [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety|latiničskom pravopisu]] toj zvuk piše se bukvoju '''{{-|ě}}''', kako v naučnoj slavističnoj transliteraciji. V kirilici prědpočitaje se koristan‌je ukrajinskoj bukvy '''{{-|є}}''' s obzirom na razumlivost, ačekoli někoji koristajut staru bukvu '''{{-|ѣ}}'''. Za udobstvo pri pisan‌ju v oboh pravopisah dozvoljaje se zaměna v '''e'''.

Bukva '''ě''' piše se samo poslě tvrdoj suglasky: ''běly, věra, měriti, lěto''. Poslě mekkoj suglasky piše se samo '''e''', daže v poziciji historičnoj ili gramatičnoj jati: ''jesti, jehati, svěžejši'' (← ''svěž-'' + ''-ějši'').

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѣ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT | 1-sist16 = 0462 | 1-sist10 = 1122 | 1-utf8 = D1 A2
| 2-znak = ѣ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT | 2-sist16 = 0463 | 2-sist10 = 1123 | 2-utf8 = D1 A3
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0462 | title = U+0462 Cyrillic Capital Letter Yat | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0463 | title = U+0463 Cyrillic Small Letter Yat | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Е}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Е}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q331368}}</text>
      <sha1>12kq8f2i1icxd0530ybhf0o91o5mxg9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ѥ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3440</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29351</id>
      <parentid>28494</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:07:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29351</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2008" sha1="3ieh3926tpkkwancctvnpa2bsqt0ay8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Iotated E.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Є є}}''' (''jotovany {{-|е}}'') je bukva [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj kirilice]], upotrěbjena v [[Starocrkovnoslovjansky jezyk|starocrkovnoslovjanskom]] i [[Starovozhodnoslovjansky jezyk|starovozhodnoslovjanskom]], a takože v srbskoj redakciji [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskogo]]. Ona byla stvorjena kako [[ligatura]] bukv '''{{-|[[І (kirilica)|І]]}}''' i '''{{-|[[Є]]}}''' i izgovarjaje se kako {{MFA|je}} ili {{MFA|jɛ}} na početku slova ili poslě samoglasky. Poslě suglasky (najčestěje '''{{-|[[л]]}}''', '''{{-|[[Н (kirilica)|н]]}}''' ili '''{{-|[[Р (kirilica)|р]]}}''') pričinjaje jejno smekčen‌je.

Tuta bukva ne imaje ekvivalent v [[Glagolica|glagolici]] i ne imaje [[Starokirilične čisla|numerično značen‌je]]. 

Uže v 15. stolětju ona izhodila iz upotrěby na [[Rosija|russkyh]] teritorijah i osoblivo v [[Ukrajina|Ukrajině]] jejnu rolju prějela bukva '''{{-|[[є]]}}'''. U južnyh slovjanov ona funkcionovala dolžeje, v srbskoj pečati do 17. stolětja. Ješče na polovině 19. stolětje byla podjeta proba za jejno oživjen‌je v [[Bulgarsky jezyk|bulgarskom pravopisan‌ju]], ktora jednakože okazala se neuspěšnoju.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѥ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED E | 1-sist16 = 0464 | 1-sist10 = 1124 | 1-utf8 = D1 A4
| 2-znak = ѥ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED E | 2-sist16 = 0465 | 2-sist10 = 1125 | 2-utf8 = D1 A5
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0464 | title = U+0464 Cyrillic Capital Letter Iotified E | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0465 | title = U+0465 Cyrillic Small Letter Iotified E | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy И}}
{{Varianty bukvy Е}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Е}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q424885}}</text>
      <sha1>3ieh3926tpkkwancctvnpa2bsqt0ay8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ѧ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3441</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29366</id>
      <parentid>22745</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T11:15:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29366</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3784" sha1="6ez26hag0o7h0szo1y21e5fyr7rqs6n" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter small yus.svg | 240px | right]]
[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter closed little yus.svg | 240px | right]]
'''{{-|Ѧ}}''', '''{{-|ѧ}}''' (''maly jus'') je bukva [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|slaroslovjanskoj kirilice]], nyně upotrěbjajema samo v [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom jezyku]]. Prvopočetno ona označala nosovu samoglasku {{MFA|ɛ̃}}. Ona iměla jotovany odpovědnik '''{{-|[[ѩ]]}}''' {{MFA|jɛ̃}}. Izgovor oboh bukv v [[Starorussky jezyk|starorusskom]] razvil se v {{MFA|ja}} (na početku slova ili poslě samoglasky) ili {{MFA|ʲa}} (poslě suglasky), vslěd čego on sovpadl s izgovorom bukvy '''{{-|[[ꙗ]]}}''', čto pozdněje dovedlo k novoj bukvě '''{{-|[[я]]}}'''.

Bukva '''maly jus''' prvokratno pojavila se v [[Glagolica|glagolici]], kde iměla simbol „Ⱔ”; v Hrvatskyh žrlah znana je kako „ensъ” (hrvatsky {{-|ęsъ}}).
Grafično pohodžen‌je malogo jusa je nejasno, je objasnjano kako variant glagoličskogo “naš” ili kako ligatura grečskyh bukv ''εν'' („epsilon” + „nju”) ili ''ον'' („omikron” + „ nju”). V oboh slučajah je povezano s nosovym harakterom označonogo zvuka (en).

Sut znane koristan‌ja malogo jusa (na priměr v slovu &quot;angel&quot; v Sinajskom Psaltyru). Jestvuje hipoteza, že v najstarějšej glagolici, toj simbol ne jestvoval.
Separatno značen‌je nejotovanogo zvuka bylo vvodženo pozdněje.
Toliko poněkogda v Zografskyh i Marijskyh Evangelijah koristaje se &quot;jus s hvostom&quot; (Ⱕ.)

V [[Južnoslovjanske jezyky|južnoslovjanskyh]] tekstah 11. i 12. stolětij strěčaje se takože variant malogo jusa, tako nazyvajemy ''zakryty maly jus''. On izgledaje kako bukva '''A''' so vtoroju horizontalnoju črtkoju na samom dolu ('''Ꙙ''', '''ꙙ''') i takože iměl rědko upotrěbjeny jotovany variant ('''Ꙝ''', '''ꙝ''').

Forma modernoj bukvy {{-|'''Я'''}} obrazuje kursivno pisan‌je bukvy '''Ѧ''' (maly jus) ktora rozpopularizovala se uže v polovině {{-|XVI}} stolětja (v času brzogo pisan‌ja, lěva noga voznikala, a cěla bukva obračala se v směru časovnikovoj strělky):

[[Fajl:Evolution of cursive Cyrillic iotated a, small yus, and ya.png | 140px | center]]

Hoti nijedin jus ne iměl prvopočetno značen‌je v [[Starokirilične čisla|kiriličnoj čislnoj sistemě]], maly jus poněkogda byl upotrěbjen v značen‌ju «900» zaměsto bukvy '''{{-|[[ц]]}}''', može s obzirom na vizualnu podobnost s [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskoju]] bukvoju ''sampi'' (ϡ), ktora takože iměla značen‌je «900».

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѧ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LITTLE YUS | 1-sist16 = 0466 | 1-sist10 = 1126 | 1-utf8 = D1 A6
| 2-znak = ѧ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LITTLE YUS | 2-sist16 = 0467 | 2-sist10 = 1127 | 2-utf8 = D1 A7
| 3-znak = Ꙙ | 3-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CLOSED LITTLE YUS | 3-sist16 = A658 | 3-sist10 = 42584 | 3-utf8 = EA 99 98
| 4-znak = ꙙ | 4-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CLOSED LITTLE YUS | 4-sist16 = A659 | 4-sist10 = 42585 | 4-utf8 = EA 99 99
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0466 | title = U+0466 Cyrillic Capital Letter Little Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0467 | title = U+0467 Cyrillic Small Letter Little Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A658 | title = U+A658 Cyrillic Capital Letter Closed Little Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A659 | title = U+A659 Cyrillic Small Letter Closed Little Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2642543}}</text>
      <sha1>6ez26hag0o7h0szo1y21e5fyr7rqs6n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ѩ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3442</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29368</id>
      <parentid>22752</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T11:29:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29368</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3385" sha1="8p865nh6mfmfmhzkwgmlljy6ak1rbsb" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter iotified little yus.svg | 240px | right]]
[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter iotified closed little yus.svg | 240px | right]]
&lt;big&gt;'''{{-|Ѩ}}''', '''{{-|ѩ}}'''&lt;/big&gt; (''jotovany maly jus'', v [[Glagolica|glagolici]]: &lt;big&gt;'''Ⱗ'''&lt;/big&gt;) je arhaična [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva, ktora nyně upotrěbjaje se samo v literugičnyh tekstah na [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom jezyku]]. Ona je [[Jotacija|jotovany]] odpovědnik bukvy '''[[Ѧ]]''' (''malogo jusa'') i prvopočetno označala v [[Starocrkovnoslovjansky jezyk|starocrkovnoslovjanskom]] jotovanu nosovu samoglasku {{MFA|jɛ̃}}, ale uže v [[Starovozhodnoslovjansky jezyk|starovozhodnoslovjanskom]] jejin izgovor sovpadl s izgovorom bukvy '''[[Ꙗ]]''' {{MFA|ja}}, čto napriklad pričinilo, že jednočasno pisalo se ''{{-|ѩзꙑкъ}}'', ''{{-|ѧзꙑкъ}}'' i ''{{-|ꙗзꙑкъ}}'' «jezyk».&lt;ref&gt;{{-|Срезневский, И.И.}} (1903): ''[https://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/pdf?docId=01004012016&amp;page=834 {{Lang|ru|Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ, III. том}}]'' (Санкт-Петербург), kol. 1647.&lt;/ref&gt; Jediny [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjansky jezyk]], v ktorom nosovy izgovor shranil se do dnes, je [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]], ačekoli poljska kombinacija {{-|‹ję›}} ne vsegda sovpadaje s staroslovjanskym {{-|'''Ѩ'''}}.

V naučnyh transliteracijah iz starocrkovnoslovjanskogo, rekonstrukcijah [[Praslovjansky jezyk|praslovjanskogo jezyka]] i [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety#Dodatočne latinske bukvy etimologičnogo alfabeta|medžuslovjanskom etimologičnom alfabetu]] ona obyčno prědstavjaje se bukvoju ‹{{-|ję}}›.

V [[Južnoslovjanske jezyky|južnoslovjanskyh]] tekstah 11. i 12. stolětij strěčaje se takože variant malogo jusa, tako nazyvajemy ''zakryty maly jus'' ([[Ꙙ|Ꙙ, ꙙ]]), ktory takože iměl rědko upotrěbjeny jotovany variant (Ꙝ, ꙝ).
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѩ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS | 1-sist16 = 0468 | 1-sist10 = 1128 | 1-utf8 = D1 A8
| 2-znak = ѩ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS | 2-sist16 = 0469 | 2-sist10 = 1129 | 2-utf8 = D1 A9
| 3-znak = Ꙝ | 3-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED CLOSED LITTLE YUS | 3-sist16 = A65C | 3-sist10 = 42588 | 3-utf8 = EA 99 9C
| 4-znak = ꙝ | 4-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED CLOSED LITTLE YUS | 4-sist16 = A65D | 4-sist10 = 42589 | 4-utf8 = EA 99 9D
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0468 | title = U+0468 Cyrillic Capital Letter Iotified Little Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0469 | title = U+0469 Cyrillic Small Letter Iotified Little Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A65C | title = U+A65C Cyrillic Capital Letter Iotified Closed Little Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A65D | title = U+A65D Cyrillic Small Letter Iotified Closed Little Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

== Iztočnik ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy И}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ѧ}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q12282265}}</text>
      <sha1>8p865nh6mfmfmhzkwgmlljy6ak1rbsb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ѫ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3443</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29360</id>
      <parentid>22756</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:59:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29360</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2989" sha1="2msh66el7nuyrhvrasqan93novtmevl" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter big yus.svg | 240px | right]]
'''{{-|Ѫ}}''', '''{{-|ѫ}}''' (''veliky [[Jusy|jus]]''; {{Jezyky|ru|большой юс}}, {{Jezyky|bg|Голям юс}}) je arhaična bukva [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|slaroslovjanskoj kirilice]], nyně koristajema samo v oprěděljenyh [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskyh]] kontekstah. Prvopočetno ona označala nosovu samoglasku {{MFA|ɔ̃}}. V naučnyh transliteracijah iz starocrkovnoslovjanskogo, a takože v rekonstrukcijah [[Praslovjansky jezyk|praslovjanskogo]], ona obyčno prědstavjaje se kako '''{{-|ǫ}}''', v [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety#Dodatočne latinske bukvy etimologičnogo alfabeta|medžuslovjanskom etimologičnom alfabetu]] kako '''{{-|ų}}'''.

Ni '''Ѫ''', ni jejin jotovany odpovědnik '''{{-|[[Ѭ]]}}''' nikogda ne iměl numerično značen‌je v [[Starokirilične čisla|staroslovjanskoj čislnoj sistemě]].

Kiriličny veliky jus je osnovany na jegovom [[Glagolica|glagoličnom]] ekvivalentu  '''Ⱘ''', povrnutom po směru strělok časovnika. Glagolična bukva prvopočetno byla [[ligatura]] bukv '''Ⱁ''' ([[О (kirilica)|о]]) i '''Ⱔ''' ([[ѧ]]); v někojih starějših pametnikah poněkogda ješče byli pisane oddělno.

Od 10. i 11. stolětij nosovy izgovor propadl v [[Starovozhodnoslovjansky jezyk|starovozhodnoslovjanskom]] i [[Starosrbsky jezyk|starosrbskom]], sbližajuči se k izgovoru bukvy '''[[У (kirilica)|У]]'''; jediny [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjansky jezyk]], v ktorom nosovy izgovor shranil se do dnes, je [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]], ktory imaje bukvy {{-|'''ą'''}} ili {{-|'''ę'''}} (poslě tvrdoj suglasky) v pozicijah starogo velikoga jusa. Na polovině 12. stolětja veliky jus sovsim izčeznul v jezyku [[Kyjevska Rus|Rusi]]. V 15. stolětju on ponovno pojavil se začasno pod vlivom bulgarsko-rumunskoj pismennosti, v 17. stolětju izčeznul definitivno.

V drugoj polovině 19. stolětja, v času narodnogo vozrodžen‌ja, veliky jus vratil se v [[Bulgarsky jezyk|bulgarskom jezyku]] pri tvorjenu novogo literaturnogo jezyka, po prikladah iz staroslovjanskyh rukopisov, ačekoli nosovy izgovor istnoval samo v několikyh narěčjah v nyněšnjej [[Grecija|Greciji]]. Pri reformě bulgarskogo pravopisa v 1945 g. on byl zaměnjeny na bukvu '''[[Ъ]]''', ktora iměla identičny izgovor.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѫ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS | 1-sist16 = 046A | 1-sist10 = 1130 | 1-utf8 = D1 AA
| 2-znak = ѫ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS | 2-sist16 = 046B | 2-sist10 = 1131 | 2-utf8 = D1 AB
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+046A | title = U+046A Cyrillic Capital Letter Big Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+046B | title = U+046B Cyrillic Small Letter Big Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2421317}}</text>
      <sha1>2msh66el7nuyrhvrasqan93novtmevl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ѭ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3444</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29362</id>
      <parentid>22761</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T11:04:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29362</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2811" sha1="s5xxq0ssxbw8ge84l9mjgzvj2gr4xrv" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter iotified big yus.svg | 240px | right]]
'''Ѭ''', '''ѭ''' (''jotovany veliky jus'', v [[Glagolica|glagolici]]: '''Ⱙ''') je arhaična [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva, nyně upotrěbjajema samo v [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskyh]] literugičnyh tekstah. Ona je [[Jotacija|jotovany]] odpovědnik '''[[Ѫ]]''' (''velikogo jusa''), [[ligatura]] toj bukvy s '''{{-|[[І (kirilica)|І]]}}'''. V [[Starocrkovnoslovjansky jezyk|starocrkovnoslovjanskom jezyku]] ona prvopočetno označala jotovanu nosovu samoglasku {{MFA|jɔ̃}}. V naučnyh transliteracijah iz starocrkovnoslovjanskogo, a takože v rekonstrukcijah [[Praslovjansky jezyk|praslovjanskogo]], ona obyčno prědstavjaje se kako '''{{-|jǫ}}''', v [[Medžuslovjanske alfabety#Dodatočne latinske bukvy etimologičnogo alfabeta|medžuslovjanskom etimologičnom alfabetu]] kako '''{{-|jų}}'''.

Od 10. i 11. stolětij nosovy izgovor jusov propadl v [[Starovozhodnoslovjansky jezyk|starovozhodnoslovjanskom]] i [[Starosrbsky jezyk|starosrbskom]], sovpadajuči s izgovorom '''[[Ю]]''' v slučaju jotovanogo velikogo jusa; jediny [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjansky jezyk]], v ktorom nosovy izgovor shranil se do dnes, je [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]], ktory v pozicijah starogo jotovanogo velikogo jusa imaje kombinacije {{-|'''ją'''}} ili {{-|'''ję'''}}. Na polovině 12. stolětja veliky jus sovsim izčeznul v jezyku [[Kyjevska Rus|Rusi]]. V 15. stolětju on ponovno pojavil se začasno pod vlivom bulgarsko-rumunskoj pismennosti, v 17. stolětju izčeznul definitivno.

V drugoj polovině 19. stolětja, v času narodnogo vozrodžen‌ja, '''Ѫ''' i '''Ѭ''' vratili se v [[Bulgarsky jezyk|bulgarskom jezyku]] pri tvorjenu novogo literaturnogo jezyka, po prikladah iz staroslovjanskyh rukopisov, ačekoli nosovy izgovor istnoval samo v několikyh narěčjah v nyněšnjej [[Grecija|Greciji]]. '''Ѭ''' bylo upotrěbjeno do 1910-yh lět, '''Ѫ''' izčeznulo iz bulgarskoj azbuky pri reformě 1945 g. i bylo zastupjeno bukvoju '''[[Ъ]]'''.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѭ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS | 1-sist16 = 046C | 1-sist10 = 1132 | 1-utf8 = D1 AC
| 2-znak = ѭ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS | 2-sist16 = 046D | 2-sist10 = 1133 | 2-utf8 = D1 AD
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+046C | title = U+046C Cyrillic Capital Letter Iotified Big Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+046D | title = U+046D Cyrillic Small Letter Iotified Big Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

== Iztočnik ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy И}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ѫ}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q16686217}}</text>
      <sha1>s5xxq0ssxbw8ge84l9mjgzvj2gr4xrv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ѹ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3449</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29335</id>
      <parentid>22796</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T08:41:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29335</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3070" sha1="i8vkf1p122us5m9qguohasuv8fqpa50" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter digraph Uk.svg | right | 240px]]
[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter monograph Uk.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ѹ, ѹ}}''' ({{Jezyky|cu|ѹкъ}}, ''uk'' «nauka, učen‌je») je bukva [[Starokirilična azbuka|starokiriličnoj azbuky]], ktora služila za označen‌je zvuka {{MFA|u}}. Kromě horizontalnoj formy '''ѹ''' ona takože iměla vertikalnu formu: '''Ꙋ, ꙋ''', pravdopodobno služeču za poščedžen‌je města. V [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom jezyku]], standardizovanom [[Meletij Smotryckyj|Meletijem Smotryckym]] v 17. stolětju, horizontalna forma upotrěbjaje se na početku slova, vertikalna v ostalyh pozicijah.

Prvopočetno tuta bukva byla [[ligatura]], sostavjena iz bukvy ''on'' ({{-|[[О (kirilica)|о]]}}) i ''ižice'' ([[ѵ]]), bezposrědnje pozajeta od [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskogo]] dvuznaka ''omikron''+''ipsilon'' (ου), prědstavjajučego tuže samu glasku {{MFA|u}}. V tečen‌ju stolětij dvuznak ''ѹ'' vse čestěje zaměnil se na ''{{-|у}}'', a s vveden‌jem [[Gradžansko pismo|gradžanskogo pisma]] v 18. stolětju sučasna forma, '''{{-|[[У (kirilica)|у]]}}''', definitivno zastupila ligaturu.

Kromě povyšego byla takože versija ižice s «hvostikom» i [[titlo]]m pod nazvoju ''ik'' ([[Fajl:Cyrillic 400.jpg|20px]]), ktora iměla [[Starokirilične čisla|čislno značen‌je]] «400» zaměsto ranějšej ižice. 

V [[Megrelsky jezyk|megrelskom]] bukvaru Myhajla Zavadskogo iz 1899 g. bukva '''ꙋ''' imaje sovsim drugo značen‌je, imenno glotalnoj pauzy {{MFA|ʔ}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://openlibrary.ge/bitstream/123456789/6459/1/Mengrelskaia%20Azbuka-1899.pdf | author = М.З. [Myhajlo Zavadskyj] | title = Мингрельская азбука | place = Тифлисъ | year = 1899 | pages = I, V | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Clear}}
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѹ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL UK | 1-sist16 = 0478 | 1-sist10 = 1144 | 1-utf8 = D1 B8
| 2-znak = ѹ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL UK | 2-sist16 = 0479 | 2-sist10 = 1145 | 2-utf8 = D1 B9
| 3-znak = Ꙋ | 3-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL MONOGRAPH UK | 3-sist16 = A64A | 3-sist10 = 42570 | 3-utf8 = EA 99 8A
| 4-znak = ꙋ | 4-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL MONOGRAPH UK | 4-sist16 = A64B | 4-sist10 = 42571 | 4-utf8 = EA 99 8B
}}

== Iztočnik ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0478 | title = U+0478 Cyrillic Capital Letter Uk | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0479| title = U+0479 Cyrillic Small Letter Uk | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A64A | title = U+A64A Cyrillic Capital Letter Monograph Uk | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A64B| title = U+A64B Cyrillic Small Letter Monograph Uk | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy О}}
{{Varianty bukvy У}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q650565}}</text>
      <sha1>i8vkf1p122us5m9qguohasuv8fqpa50</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29338</id>
      <parentid>29335</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T09:01:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MwGamera</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Q650565 ѵ → Q1137700 ꙋ</comment>
      <origin>29338</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3071" sha1="bjz7jjnejjsv6lg807c2hifvhqet4ya" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter digraph Uk.svg | right | 240px]]
[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter monograph Uk.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ѹ, ѹ}}''' ({{Jezyky|cu|ѹкъ}}, ''uk'' «nauka, učen‌je») je bukva [[Starokirilična azbuka|starokiriličnoj azbuky]], ktora služila za označen‌je zvuka {{MFA|u}}. Kromě horizontalnoj formy '''ѹ''' ona takože iměla vertikalnu formu: '''Ꙋ, ꙋ''', pravdopodobno služeču za poščedžen‌je města. V [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom jezyku]], standardizovanom [[Meletij Smotryckyj|Meletijem Smotryckym]] v 17. stolětju, horizontalna forma upotrěbjaje se na početku slova, vertikalna v ostalyh pozicijah.

Prvopočetno tuta bukva byla [[ligatura]], sostavjena iz bukvy ''on'' ({{-|[[О (kirilica)|о]]}}) i ''ižice'' ([[ѵ]]), bezposrědnje pozajeta od [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskogo]] dvuznaka ''omikron''+''ipsilon'' (ου), prědstavjajučego tuže samu glasku {{MFA|u}}. V tečen‌ju stolětij dvuznak ''ѹ'' vse čestěje zaměnil se na ''{{-|у}}'', a s vveden‌jem [[Gradžansko pismo|gradžanskogo pisma]] v 18. stolětju sučasna forma, '''{{-|[[У (kirilica)|у]]}}''', definitivno zastupila ligaturu.

Kromě povyšego byla takože versija ižice s «hvostikom» i [[titlo]]m pod nazvoju ''ik'' ([[Fajl:Cyrillic 400.jpg|20px]]), ktora iměla [[Starokirilične čisla|čislno značen‌je]] «400» zaměsto ranějšej ižice. 

V [[Megrelsky jezyk|megrelskom]] bukvaru Myhajla Zavadskogo iz 1899 g. bukva '''ꙋ''' imaje sovsim drugo značen‌je, imenno glotalnoj pauzy {{MFA|ʔ}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://openlibrary.ge/bitstream/123456789/6459/1/Mengrelskaia%20Azbuka-1899.pdf | author = М.З. [Myhajlo Zavadskyj] | title = Мингрельская азбука | place = Тифлисъ | year = 1899 | pages = I, V | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Clear}}
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѹ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL UK | 1-sist16 = 0478 | 1-sist10 = 1144 | 1-utf8 = D1 B8
| 2-znak = ѹ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL UK | 2-sist16 = 0479 | 2-sist10 = 1145 | 2-utf8 = D1 B9
| 3-znak = Ꙋ | 3-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL MONOGRAPH UK | 3-sist16 = A64A | 3-sist10 = 42570 | 3-utf8 = EA 99 8A
| 4-znak = ꙋ | 4-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL MONOGRAPH UK | 4-sist16 = A64B | 4-sist10 = 42571 | 4-utf8 = EA 99 8B
}}

== Iztočnik ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0478 | title = U+0478 Cyrillic Capital Letter Uk | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0479| title = U+0479 Cyrillic Small Letter Uk | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A64A | title = U+A64A Cyrillic Capital Letter Monograph Uk | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A64B| title = U+A64B Cyrillic Small Letter Monograph Uk | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy О}}
{{Varianty bukvy У}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q1137700}}</text>
      <sha1>bjz7jjnejjsv6lg807c2hifvhqet4ya</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ѻ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3450</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29331</id>
      <parentid>22799</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T08:27:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29331</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1454" sha1="jkefjr6duhtudbk7z45o9w5cyl4gido" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter broad On.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ѻ}}''', '''{{-|ѻ }}''' (''široky on'' ili ''okrugla omega'') je variant bukvy '''{{-|[[О (kirilica)|О]]}}''' v [[Starokirilična azbuka|starokiriličnoj azbukě]], iz identičnym izgovorom. V [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom jezyku]] tuta bukva byla upotrěbjena:
* na početku slov (napr. {{-|''ѻ҆́гнь'', ''ѻ҆́трокъ''}})
* na početku vtoroj česti složenyh slov (napr. {{-|''ѻ҆боюдꙋѻ́стрый''}})
* na početku korenja poslě prědstavky (napr. {{-|''праѻте́цъ''}})
* v dvoh geografičnyh nazvah: {{-|''іѻрданъ''}} «rěka Jordan», {{-|''іѻппіа''}} «Jaffa»
* v formě [[Starokirilične čisla|čislnogo znaka]] «70»

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѻ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL ROUND OMEGA | 1-sist16 = 047A | 1-sist10 = 1146 | 1-utf8 = D1 BA
| 2-znak = ѻ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL ROUND OMEGA | 2-sist16 = 047B | 2-sist10 = 1147 | 2-utf8 = D1 BB
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+047A | title = U+047A Cyrillic Capital Letter Round Omega | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+047B| title = U+047B Cyrillic Small Letter Round Omega | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy О}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q2006148}}</text>
      <sha1>jkefjr6duhtudbk7z45o9w5cyl4gido</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29334</id>
      <parentid>29331</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T08:34:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29334</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1474" sha1="ce4h3r6bivi6aj11rmo3t3pbgh8vo85" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter broad On.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ѻ}}''', '''{{-|ѻ }}''' (''široky on'' ili ''okrugla omega'') je variant bukvy '''{{-|[[О (kirilica)|О]]}}''' v [[Starokirilična azbuka|starokiriličnoj azbukě]], iz identičnym izgovorom. V [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom jezyku]] tuta bukva byla upotrěbjena:
* na početku slov (napr. {{-|''ѻ҆́гнь'', ''ѻ҆́трокъ''}})
* na početku vtoroj česti složenyh slov (napr. {{-|''ѻ҆боюдꙋѻ́стрый''}})
* na početku korenja poslě prědstavky (napr. {{-|''праѻте́цъ''}})
* v dvoh geografičnyh nazvah: {{-|''іѻрданъ''}} «rěka Jordan», {{-|''іѻппіа''}} «Jaffa»
* v formě [[Starokirilične čisla|čislnogo znaka]] «70»

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ѻ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL ROUND OMEGA | 1-sist16 = 047A | 1-sist10 = 1146 | 1-utf8 = D1 BA
| 2-znak = ѻ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL ROUND OMEGA | 2-sist16 = 047B | 2-sist10 = 1147 | 2-utf8 = D1 BB
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+047A | title = U+047A Cyrillic Capital Letter Round Omega | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+047B| title = U+047B Cyrillic Small Letter Round Omega | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy О}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:О}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q2006148}}</text>
      <sha1>ce4h3r6bivi6aj11rmo3t3pbgh8vo85</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ҁ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3451</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29332</id>
      <parentid>22803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T08:32:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29332</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1425" sha1="c39sjieltz7htmes6e7gzsa5s9u9lkj" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Koppa - uppercase and lowercase.svg | right | 240px]]
'''Ҁ ҁ''' (''koppa'') je arhaična [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva. Ona byla prějeta od eponimičnoj [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskoj bukvy]] (Ϙ ϙ), ktoroj prvopočetny izvor byla [[Feničsky alfabet|feničska]] bukva ''{{-|qoph}}'' (𐤒), izgovorjena kako {{MFA|q}}, iz ktoroj takože proizhodi [[Latinica|latinska]] bukva '''{{-|[[q]]}}'''. Zatože glaska {{MFA|q}} ne istnuje v nijednom slovjanskom jezyku, slovjanska koppa nikogda ne iměla fonetično značen‌je i služila samo kako [[Starokirilične čisla|numeričny znak]]. V najstarših kiriličnyh rukopisah ona imaje značen‌je «90». Bolje-menje od 1300 g. jejnu rolju prějela bukva '''{{-|[[ч]]}}'''.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ҁ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL KOPPA | 1-sist16 = 0480 | 1-sist10 = 1152 | 1-utf8 = D2 80
| 2-znak = ҁ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL KOPPA | 2-sist16 = 0481 | 2-sist10 = 1153 | 2-utf8 = D2 81
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0480 | title = U+0480 Cyrillic Capital Letter Koppa | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0481| title = U+0481 Cyrillic Small Letter Koppa | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy К}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q424929}}</text>
      <sha1>c39sjieltz7htmes6e7gzsa5s9u9lkj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ꙁ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3528</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29311</id>
      <parentid>23146</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T14:29:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29311</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2084" sha1="i0zcp6k17oaw3a1vcyic0px2yq5l494" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter zemlya.png | right | 240px]]
'''Ꙁ''', '''ꙁ''' (''zemlja'') je bukva [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbuky]], ktora označala zvučny alveolarny frikativ {{MFA|z}}, a pod [[titlo]]m iměla [[Starokirilične čisla|čislno značen‌je]] «7».

Ona proizhodila od [[Grečsky alfabet|grečskoj]] bukvy ''zeta'' (Ζ ζ), osnovanoj na [[Feničsky jezyk|feničskoj]] bukvě ''zajin'' (𐤆), i pravdopodobno takože od [[Glagolica|glagoličnoj]] bukvy '''Ⰸ'''. Kromě varianta izgledajučego kako latinsko ili grečsko '''{{-|z}}''' s hvostom, v srědnjevěčnyh rukopisah istnoval takože drugy variant: '''{{-|[[з]]}}'''. Oba varianty byli upotrěbjane bolje-menje ravnoliko; někoji pisatelji bezuspěšno probovali nadati jim različne fonologične funkcije, drugi koristali '''{{-|З}}''' na početku slov i '''{{-|ꙁ}}''' v drugyh pozicijah. Od 17. stolětja '''{{-|ꙁ}}''' vse menje upotrěbalo se. Pri vveden‌ju [[Gradžanska azbuka|gradžanskoj azbuky]] v 1708 g. obě versije ('''{{-|ꙁ}}''' i '''{{-|з}}''') byli prvopočetno zaměnjene bukvoju ''dzelo'' ([[Ѕ|Ѕ ѕ]]), ktora iměla identičny izgovor ale byli mnogo rědša. Od 1735 g. ostala samo versija '''{{-|з}}'''. Poněkogda '''{{-|ꙁ}}''' ješče koristaje se v [[Kaligrafija|kaligrafiji]] i v oprěděljenyh fontah zaměsto '''{{-|з}}'''.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙁ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZEMLYA | 1-sist16 = A640 | 1-sist10 = 42560 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 80
| 2-znak = ꙁ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZEMLYA | 2-sist16 = A641 | 2-sist10 = 42561 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 81
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A640 | title = U+A640 Cyrillic Capital Letter Zemlya | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A641 | title = U+A641 Cyrillic Small Letter Zemlya | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy З}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:З}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q16686247}}</text>
      <sha1>i0zcp6k17oaw3a1vcyic0px2yq5l494</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ꙃ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3529</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29312</id>
      <parentid>23153</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T14:32:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29312</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1259" sha1="5cheqhplcv4157bz2ejw8fd8db36pd6" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter dzelo.png | right | 240px]]
'''Ꙃ''', '''ꙃ''' (''dzelo'') je bukva [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbuky]], ktora prvopočetno označala zvučnu alveolarnu afrikatu {{MFA|d͡z}}. Ona byla upotrěbjena v raznyh rukopisah 11. stolětja, ale uže od 12. stolětja jejnu funckiju popolno prějela bukva ''zelo'' ('''[[Ѕ (kirilica)|Ѕ ѕ]]''', poněkogda takože v zerkalnoj formě ''''''[[Ѕ (kirilica)|Ꙅ ꙅ]]'''), ktora uže raněje iměla [[Starokirilične čisla|čislno značen‌je]] «6».

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙃ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZELO | 1-sist16 = A642 | 1-sist10 = 42562 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 82
| 2-znak = ꙃ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZELO | 2-sist16 = A643 | 2-sist10 = 42563 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 83
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A640 | title = U+A640 Cyrillic Capital Letter Zemlya | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A641 | title = U+A641 Cyrillic Small Letter Zemlya | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy З}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:З}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q16686249}}</text>
      <sha1>5cheqhplcv4157bz2ejw8fd8db36pd6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ꙉ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3530</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29316</id>
      <parentid>23162</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T23:00:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29316</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1448" sha1="ovlt90uw5jhol5bdnqtdhb6p9gb4erg" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter djerv.svg | right | 240px]]
'''Ꙉ''', '''ꙉ''' (''djerv'' ili ''gjerv'') je bukva [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbuky]], upotrěbjena v mnogyh davnyh [[Srbsky jezyk|srbskyh]] rukopisah. Prvopočetno ona označala zvučnu alveolopalatalnu afrikatu {{MFA|d͡ʑ}}, od 14. stolětja takože jejin bezzvučny ekvivalent {{MFA|t͡ɕ}}. Ona ne iměla čislno značen‌je v [[Starokirilične čisla|starokiriličnoj numeraciji]].

Na osnově bukvy ''djerv'', raněje pisajemoj [[Fajl:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Dje.svg | 22px]], vvedene byli sučasne srbske bukvy '''{{-|[[Ћ]]}}''' {{MFA|t͡ɕ}} i '''{{-|[[Ђ]]}}''' {{MFA|d͡ʑ}}, ktore v [[Latinica|latinici]] prědstavjajut se bukvami '''{{-|ć}}''' i '''{{-|đ}}'''.
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙉ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DJERV | 1-sist16 = A648 | 1-sist10 = 42568 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 88
| 2-znak = ꙉ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DJERV   | 2-sist16 = A649 | 2-sist10 = 42569 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 89
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A648 | title = U+A648 Cyrillic Capital Letter Djerv | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A649 | title = U+A649 Cyrillic Small Letter Djerv | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q16686253}}</text>
      <sha1>ovlt90uw5jhol5bdnqtdhb6p9gb4erg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ꙏ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3532</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29346</id>
      <parentid>23168</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T09:48:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29346</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1747" sha1="7wtu45l6yku2h2wh18h33qxxl5sfij0" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter neutral Yer.svg | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ꙏ}}''', '''{{-|ꙏ}}''' (''nevtralny jer'') je [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva, upotrěbjena v transkripcijah prěvažno [[Russky jezyk|russkyh]] rukopisov pozdnějšego srědnjevěčja, v ktoryh nemožno je poznati razliku medžu tvrdom i mekkom jerami ({{-|[[Ъ]]}} i {{-|[[Ь]]}}), napriklad v slovu {{-|''милосꙏть''}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url = http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07003r-n3194r-cyrillic.pdf | title = Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS | author = Michael Everson, David Birnbaum, Ralph Cleminson, Ivan Derzhanski, Vladislav Dorosh, Alexej Kryukov, Sorin Paliga, Klaas Ruppel | date = 2007-03-21 | format = PDF | access-date = 2025-08-31 | language = en | archive-date = 2019-06-14 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190614234301/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07003r-n3194r-cyrillic.pdf | url-status = live | pages = 3, 34}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙏ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER NEUTRAL YER | 1-sist16 = A64E | 1-sist10 = 42574 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 8E
| 2-znak = ꙏ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NEUTRAL YER | 2-sist16 = A64F | 2-sist10 = 42575 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 8F
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A64E | title = U+A64E Cyrillic Capital Letter Neutral Yer | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A64F | title = U+A64F Cyrillic Small Letter Neutral Yer | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

== Iztočnik ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Ь}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ь}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q16885417}}</text>
      <sha1>7wtu45l6yku2h2wh18h33qxxl5sfij0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ꙑ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3533</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29342</id>
      <parentid>23173</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T09:25:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29342</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1722" sha1="0b5j4giyy5nebj5dykjuq671shw3eso" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Old Bulgarian cyrillic letter Yery - uppercase and lowercase.png | right | 240px]]
'''{{-|Ꙑ}}''', '''{{-|ꙑ}}''' ({{-|''ѥрꙑ''}}, ''jery s zadnym jerom'') je bukva [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj azbuky]], ktora prvopočetno byla [[ligatura]] tvrdogo znaka '''{{-|[[Ъ]]}}''' s bukvoju '''{{-|[[І]]}}''' ili '''{{-|[[И]]}}''' (v [[Glagolica|glagolici]]: '''ⰟⰊ'''), prědstavjajuča fonemu {{-|/i/}} poslě nepalatalizovanoj suglasky. Jejin mekky ekvivalent byla bukva '''{{-|[[Ы]]}}'''. Pod vlivom [[Južnoslovjanske jezyky|južnoslovjanskyh jezykov]], kde utratila se [[palatalizacija]] suglaskov na koncu slov i prěd samoglaskami, bukvy '''{{-|Ъ}}''' i '''{{-|Ь}}''' zaměšali se, vslěd čego forma '''{{-|Ꙑ}}''' postupno razvila se v '''{{-|Ы}}''', ktoro na koncu 14. stolětja takože pojavilo se v [[Vozhodnoslovjanske jezyky|vozhodnoslovjanskyh]] rukopisah.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙑ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU WITH BACK YER | 1-sist16 = A650 | 1-sist10 = 42576 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 90
| 2-znak = ꙑ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU WITH BACK YER | 2-sist16 = A651 | 2-sist10 = 42577 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 91
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A650 | title = U+A650 Cyrillic Capital Letter Yeru with Back Yer | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A651 | title = U+A651 Cyrillic Small Letter Yeru with Back Yer | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Ы}}
{{Varianty bukvy Ь}}
{{Varianty bukvy И}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ы}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q17523434}}</text>
      <sha1>0b5j4giyy5nebj5dykjuq671shw3eso</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ꙓ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3534</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29349</id>
      <parentid>23182</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:00:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29349</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1605" sha1="7g683ftdk16bhs3ztk4bkxqxpbia78e" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Iotated Yat.svg | right | 240px]]
[[Fajl:Iotated yats (Svyatoslav's Miscellany of 1073).gif | thumb | right | 160px | Fragment Izbornika Svjatoslava (1073) s jotovanymi jatami]]
'''Ꙓ''', '''ꙓ''' (''jotovana jat'') je rědko upotrěbjena bukva [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|starokiriličskoj azbuky]], prědstavjajuča [[Ligatura|ligaturu]] bukv '''[[І (kirilica)|І]]''' i '''[[Ѣ]]''', čto v naučnoj transliteraciji izgledaje kako '''{{-|jě}}'''. Izgovarjala se pravdopodobno kako {{MFA|jæ:}} ili {{MFA|je:}}.

Tuta bukva byla upotrěbjena samo v [[Izbornik Svjatoslava|Izborniku Svjatoslava]] 1073 g. na početku někojih slov i poslě samoglasok: ''{{-|ꙓди, наꙓдъсѧ}}''. Ona ne imaje ekvivalent v [[Glagolica|glagolici]] i takože ne imaje [[Starokirilične čisla|čislno značen‌je]]. 

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙓ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED YAT | 1-sist16 = A652 | 1-sist10 = 42578 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 92
| 2-znak = ꙓ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED YAT | 2-sist16 = A653 | 2-sist10 = 42579 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 93
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A652 | title = U+A652 Cyrillic Capital Letter Iotified Yat | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A653 | title = U+A653 Cyrillic Small Letter Iotified Yat | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy И}}
{{Varianty bukvy Е}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Е}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q426599}}</text>
      <sha1>7g683ftdk16bhs3ztk4bkxqxpbia78e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ꙗ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3535</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29350</id>
      <parentid>23187</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T10:03:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29350</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2254" sha1="9dpn1g6as6sj9h3ouh849xj0zlkgqlo" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Iotated A.svg | right | 240px]]
'''Ꙗ''', '''ꙗ''' (''jotovano A'') je bukva [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|staroslovjanskoj kirilice]], sostavjena kako [[ligatura]] bukv '''{{-|[[І (kirilica)|І]]}}''' i '''{{-|[[А (kirilica)|А]]}}''' s izgovorom {{MFA|ja}} ili (poslě [[Palatalizacija|palatalizovanoj]] suglasky) {{MFA|a}}. Dnešnjego dnja ona upotrěbjaje se samo v [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom jezyku]]. 

Ona ne imaje ekvivalent v [[Glagolica|glagolici]], ktora upotrěbjala bukvu '''Ⱑ''' i za [[Ѣ|jati]] (/{{-|ě}}/), i za jotovano '''a''' (/{{-|ja}}/). Vslěd togo v davnoj kirilici često pisalo se '''{{-|[[ѣ]]}}''' daže na městu '''ꙗ''', osoblivo na južnoslovjanskyh teritorijah. 

Iz drugoj strany, v [[Rosija|Rosiji]] bukva '''{{-|ѧ}}''' (''maly jus''), ktora prvopočetno prědstavjala nosovu glasku {{MFA|ɛ̃}} (v slavističnoj transliteraciji '''{{-|ę}}'''), utratila svoj nosovost i s časom jejny izgovor izměnil se v {{MFA|a}}, s palatalizacijeju prědhodnoj suglasky. Vslěd togo razlika v izgovoru medžu '''{{-|ꙗ}}''' i '''{{-|ѧ}}''' izčeznula. V pravopisan‌ju jihna upotrěba byla osnovana na konvencijah. Napriklad, pisalo se '''{{-|ꙗ}}''' na početku slov, a v slučaju slova «jezyk» poněkogda pisalo se ''ѧ҆зы́къ'' za označen‌je organa rěči, a ''ꙗ҆зы̑къ'' za samu rěč. Pri vveden‌ju [[Gradžanka|gradžanskogo pisma]] obě bukvy byli zastupjene bukvoju '''{{-|[[я]]}}'''.

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙗ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED A | 1-sist16 = A656 | 1-sist10 = 42582 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 96
| 2-znak = ꙗ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED A | 2-sist16 = A657 | 2-sist10 = 42583 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 97
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A652 | title = U+A652 Cyrillic Capital Letter Iotified Yat | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A653 | title = U+A653 Cyrillic Small Letter Iotified Yat | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy И}}
{{Varianty bukvy А}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:А}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2113636}}</text>
      <sha1>9dpn1g6as6sj9h3ouh849xj0zlkgqlo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ꙛ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3537</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29369</id>
      <parentid>23192</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T11:39:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29369</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1903" sha1="rkmkbpar9kjbk3st9k3jpuyi743vv8x" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter blended yus.svg | 240px | right]]
'''Ꙛ''', '''ꙛ''' (''směšany [[Jusy|jus]]'') je arhaična [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva, upotrěbjena v oprěděljenyh srědnjebulgarskyh rukopisah, v ktoryh jednočasno sjedinjaje i zastupaje '''[[Ѫ]]''' i '''[[Ѧ]]'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url = http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07003r-n3194r-cyrillic.pdf | title = Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS | author = Michael Everson, David Birnbaum, Ralph Cleminson, Ivan Derzhanski, Vladislav Dorosh, Alexej Kryukov, Sorin Paliga, Klaas Ruppel | date = 2007-03-21 | format = PDF | access-date = 2025-09-05 | language = en | archive-date = 2019-06-14 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190614234301/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07003r-n3194r-cyrillic.pdf | url-status = live | pages = 4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Teoretično može istnovati takože [[Jotacija|jotovany]] variant tutoj bukvy, [[Fajl:CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED BLENDED YUS.png|18px]] [[Fajl:CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED BLENDED YUS.png|15px]], ale nikogda ne byl najden nijedin priklad jegovoj praktičnoj upotrěby.
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙛ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BLENDED YUS | 1-sist16 = A65A | 1-sist10 = 42586 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 9A
| 2-znak = ꙛ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BLENDED YUS | 2-sist16 = A65B | 2-sist10 = 42587 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 9B
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A65A | title = U+A65A Cyrillic Capital Letter Blended Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A65B | title = U+A65B Cyrillic Small Letter Blended Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

== Iztočnik ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Kirilica}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ѧ}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q17523445}}</text>
      <sha1>rkmkbpar9kjbk3st9k3jpuyi743vv8x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29370</id>
      <parentid>29369</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T11:40:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29370</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1981" sha1="0a73ckavmf2qclh1obdcx5l4rm8fe8i" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter blended yus.svg | 240px | right]]
'''Ꙛ''', '''ꙛ''' (''směšany [[Jusy|jus]]'') je arhaična [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva, upotrěbjena v oprěděljenyh srědnjebulgarskyh rukopisah, v ktoryh jednočasno sjedinjaje i zastupaje '''[[Ѫ]]''' i '''[[Ѧ]]'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url = http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07003r-n3194r-cyrillic.pdf | title = Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS | author1 = Michael Everson | author2 = David Birnbaum | author3 = Ralph Cleminson | author4 = Ivan Derzhanski | author5 = Vladislav Dorosh | author6 = Alexej Kryukov | author7 = Sorin Paliga | author8 = Klaas Ruppel | date = 2007-03-21 | format = PDF | access-date = 2025-09-05 | language = en | archive-date = 2019-06-14 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190614234301/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07003r-n3194r-cyrillic.pdf | url-status = live | pages = 4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Teoretično može istnovati takože [[Jotacija|jotovany]] variant tutoj bukvy, [[Fajl:CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED BLENDED YUS.png|18px]] [[Fajl:CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED BLENDED YUS.png|15px]], ale nikogda ne byl najden nijedin priklad jegovoj praktičnoj upotrěby.
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙛ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BLENDED YUS | 1-sist16 = A65A | 1-sist10 = 42586 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 9A
| 2-znak = ꙛ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BLENDED YUS | 2-sist16 = A65B | 2-sist10 = 42587 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 9B
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A65A | title = U+A65A Cyrillic Capital Letter Blended Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A65B | title = U+A65B Cyrillic Small Letter Blended Yus | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

== Iztočnik ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Kirilica}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ѧ}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q17523445}}</text>
      <sha1>0a73ckavmf2qclh1obdcx5l4rm8fe8i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ꙡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3540</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29341</id>
      <parentid>23200</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T09:11:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29341</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2261" sha1="cvp231r63csn8w60tfqe5w6b4kqf1ya" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter reversed tse.png | right | 240px]]
'''Ꙡ''', '''ꙡ''' (''obračeno tse'') je rědka [[Kirilica|kirilična]] bukva, variant bukvy '''{{-|[[Ц]]}}''', ktory strěčaje se v [[Staronovgorodsko narěčje|staronovgorodskyh]] brězěnyh gramotah od 11. do 15. stolětja kako [[alograf]] bukvy {{-|'''Ц'''}} s tymže samym fonologičnym značen‌jem {{MFA|t͡s}}. Kromě togo, ona takože zastupaje bukvu '''{{-|[[Ч]]}}''', ibo v staronovgorodskom te dvě zvuky, {{MFA|t͡s}} i {{MFA|t͡ʃ}}, sovpadali etimologično.

Priklad upotrěby:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url = https://unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3563.pdf | title = ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3563R. L2/08-020R | date = 2009-03-13 | website = unicode.org | access-date = 2025-08-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title = Тексты  | language = ru | url = http://gramoty.ru/thumbs/bibliography_file_supplement_dnd-2_b114.pdf | access-date = 2025-08-31 |website=gramoty.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;''«{{Lang|orv|...ко Спирокѹ. Оже ти не возѧло Матее капи, воложи ю со Прѹсомо ко мне. Ѧзо ти олово попродале, и свинеꙡе, и клепание вохо. Ѹже мне не ехати во Сѹжедале. Воскѹ кѹплены 3 пи. А тобе поити сѹда. Воложи олова со ꙡетыри безмене, полотенеꙡа со дова ꙡереленаѧ. А кѹны прави сопроста.»}}''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙡ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED TSE | 1-sist16 = A660 | 1-sist10 = 42592 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 A0
| 2-znak = ꙡ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED TSE | 2-sist16 = A661 | 2-sist10 = 42593 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 A1
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A660 | title = U+A660 Cyrillic Capital Letter Reversed Tse | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A661 | title = U+A661 Cyrillic Small Letter Reversed Tse | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy Ц}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ц}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q17523452}}</text>
      <sha1>cvp231r63csn8w60tfqe5w6b4kqf1ya</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ꙩ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3541</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29319</id>
      <parentid>23205</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T23:16:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29319</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3775" sha1="pppgdtjnukygb1qxgb2yahbprikdecn" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter monocular O.svg | right | 160px]]
'''Ꙩ ꙩ''' (''monokularno'' ili ''očno O'') je rědky variant [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|starokiriličnoj]] bukvy '''{{-|[[О (kirilica)|о]]}}''', upotrěbjeny v někojih rukopisah v koreni slova ''{{-|Ꙩко}}'' «oko», a takože v někojih drugyh funkcijah, napr. na početku slova ili sloga. Strěčaje se ju v pozdnějših [[Brězěne gramoty|brězěnyh gramotah]] 14. i 15. stolětja.

Byli takože ine varianty:
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
----
[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter binocular O.svg | right | 160px]]
'''Ꙫ ꙫ''' (''binokularno'' ili ''dvuočno O''), projavjajuči se v někojih rukopisah v dvojinnyh i množinnyh formah slova «oko», napr. ''{{-|Ꙫчи}}'' «oči».
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
----
[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter double monocular O.svg | right | 160px]]
'''Ꙭ ꙭ''' (''dvojno monokularno'' ili ''dvojno očno O'') takože projavjaje se v někojih rukopisah v dvojinnyh i množinnyh formah slova «oko», napr. ''{{-|Ꙭчи}}'' «(dva) oči».
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
----
[[Fajl:U+A66E multiocular O (10 eyes).svg | right | 160px]]
'''ꙮ''' (''multiokularno'' ili ''mnogoočno O'') je ornamentalna forma kiriličnoj bukvy O, sostavjena iz deseti monokularnyh O. Tuta bukva byla dodana v [[Unikod]] 5.1 v 2008 g., ale v toj versiji ona pogrěšno sostojala samo iz sedmi očij; popravjena versija s desetju očami byla vvedena v versiji 15.0 (2022). Jediny znany rukopisny priklad tutogo varianta je v frazě ''{{-|«серафими многоꙮчитїи»}}'' «mnogooki serafini» v psaltyru 15. stolětja: [[Fajl:Cyrillic multiocular o in Psalter, 1429.jpg | 400px | center]]

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙩ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOCULAR O        | 1-sist16 = A668 | 1-sist10 = 42600 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 A8
| 2-znak = ꙩ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOCULAR O          | 2-sist16 = A669 | 2-sist10 = 42601 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 A9
| 3-znak = Ꙫ | 3-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O          | 3-sist16 = A66A | 3-sist10 = 42602 | 3-utf8 = EA 99 AA
| 4-znak = ꙫ | 4-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O          | 4-sist16 = A66B | 4-sist10 = 42603 | 4-utf8 = EA 99 AB
| 5-znak = Ꙭ | 5-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O   | 5-sist16 = A66C | 5-sist10 = 42604 | 5-utf8 = EA 99 AC
| 6-znak = ꙭ | 6-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O   | 6-sist16 = A66D | 6-sist10 = 42605 | 6-utf8 = EA 99 AD
| 7-znak = ꙮ | 7-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MULTIOCULAR O        | 7-sist16 = A66E | 7-sist10 = 42606 | 7-utf8 = EA 99 AE
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A668 | title = U+A668 Cyrillic Capital Letter Monocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A669 | title = U+A669 Cyrillic Small Letter Monocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A66A | title = U+A66A Cyrillic Capital Letter Binocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A66B | title = U+A66B Cyrillic Small Letter Binocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A66C | title = U+A66C Cyrillic Capital Letter Double Monocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A66D | title = U+A66D Cyrillic Small Letter Double Monocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A66E | title = U+A66E Cyrillic Capital Letter Multiocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy О}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q6901498}}</text>
      <sha1>pppgdtjnukygb1qxgb2yahbprikdecn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29320</id>
      <parentid>29319</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T23:17:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29320</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3795" sha1="944zpjxewea6dvy4t09mk8tqaya3zyb" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter monocular O.svg | right | 160px]]
'''Ꙩ ꙩ''' (''monokularno'' ili ''očno O'') je rědky variant [[Staroslovjanska azbuka|starokiriličnoj]] bukvy '''{{-|[[О (kirilica)|о]]}}''', upotrěbjeny v někojih rukopisah v koreni slova ''{{-|Ꙩко}}'' «oko», a takože v někojih drugyh funkcijah, napr. na početku slova ili sloga. Strěčaje se ju v pozdnějših [[Brězěne gramoty|brězěnyh gramotah]] 14. i 15. stolětja.

Byli takože ine varianty:
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
----
[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter binocular O.svg | right | 160px]]
'''Ꙫ ꙫ''' (''binokularno'' ili ''dvuočno O''), projavjajuči se v někojih rukopisah v dvojinnyh i množinnyh formah slova «oko», napr. ''{{-|Ꙫчи}}'' «oči».
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
----
[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter double monocular O.svg | right | 160px]]
'''Ꙭ ꙭ''' (''dvojno monokularno'' ili ''dvojno očno O'') takože projavjaje se v někojih rukopisah v dvojinnyh i množinnyh formah slova «oko», napr. ''{{-|Ꙭчи}}'' «(dva) oči».
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
----
[[Fajl:U+A66E multiocular O (10 eyes).svg | right | 160px]]
'''ꙮ''' (''multiokularno'' ili ''mnogoočno O'') je ornamentalna forma kiriličnoj bukvy O, sostavjena iz deseti monokularnyh O. Tuta bukva byla dodana v [[Unikod]] 5.1 v 2008 g., ale v toj versiji ona pogrěšno sostojala samo iz sedmi očij; popravjena versija s desetju očami byla vvedena v versiji 15.0 (2022). Jediny znany rukopisny priklad tutogo varianta je v frazě ''{{-|«серафими многоꙮчитїи»}}'' «mnogooki serafini» v psaltyru 15. stolětja: [[Fajl:Cyrillic multiocular o in Psalter, 1429.jpg | 400px | center]]

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꙩ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOCULAR O        | 1-sist16 = A668 | 1-sist10 = 42600 | 1-utf8 = EA 99 A8
| 2-znak = ꙩ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOCULAR O          | 2-sist16 = A669 | 2-sist10 = 42601 | 2-utf8 = EA 99 A9
| 3-znak = Ꙫ | 3-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O          | 3-sist16 = A66A | 3-sist10 = 42602 | 3-utf8 = EA 99 AA
| 4-znak = ꙫ | 4-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O          | 4-sist16 = A66B | 4-sist10 = 42603 | 4-utf8 = EA 99 AB
| 5-znak = Ꙭ | 5-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O   | 5-sist16 = A66C | 5-sist10 = 42604 | 5-utf8 = EA 99 AC
| 6-znak = ꙭ | 6-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O   | 6-sist16 = A66D | 6-sist10 = 42605 | 6-utf8 = EA 99 AD
| 7-znak = ꙮ | 7-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MULTIOCULAR O        | 7-sist16 = A66E | 7-sist10 = 42606 | 7-utf8 = EA 99 AE
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A668 | title = U+A668 Cyrillic Capital Letter Monocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A669 | title = U+A669 Cyrillic Small Letter Monocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A66A | title = U+A66A Cyrillic Capital Letter Binocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A66B | title = U+A66B Cyrillic Small Letter Binocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A66C | title = U+A66C Cyrillic Capital Letter Double Monocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A66D | title = U+A66D Cyrillic Small Letter Double Monocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A66E | title = U+A66E Cyrillic Capital Letter Multiocular O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy О}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:О}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q6901498}}</text>
      <sha1>944zpjxewea6dvy4t09mk8tqaya3zyb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ꚛ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3562</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29317</id>
      <parentid>23301</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T23:03:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kodovanje */</comment>
      <origin>29317</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1179" sha1="k2gipydov9zi65tgvwx1wegg6i8zwr7" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter crossed o.svg | right | 240px]]
&lt;big&gt;'''{{-|Ꚛ}}''', '''{{-|ꚛ}}'''&lt;/big&gt; (''okrestno on'') jest variant [[Starokirilična azbuka|starokiriličnoj]] bukvy '''{{-|[[О (kirilica)|О]]}}''' s križem (''krest'') v srědině. Ona byla upotrěbjena v [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom jezyku]] v dvoh slovah:
* ''ꚛkrestъ'' «okolo, vokrug, v okolnosti» 
* ''ꚛкругъ'' «okrug»
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꚛ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED O | 1-sist16 = A69A | 1-sist10 = 42650 | 1-utf8 = EA 9A 9A
| 2-znak = ꚛ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED O   | 2-sist16 = A69B | 2-sist10 = 42651 | 2-utf8 = EA 9A 9B
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A69A | title = U+A69A Cyrillic Capital Letter Crossed O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A69B | title = U+A69B Cyrillic Small Letter Crossed O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy О}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:О}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q19894653}}</text>
      <sha1>k2gipydov9zi65tgvwx1wegg6i8zwr7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29318</id>
      <parentid>29317</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T23:03:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29318</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1177" sha1="20816v1gv8wz0iukpscfwlqpa9vwdyj" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter crossed o.svg | right | 240px]]
&lt;big&gt;'''{{-|Ꚛ}}''', '''{{-|ꚛ}}'''&lt;/big&gt; (''okrestno on'') je variant [[Starokirilična azbuka|starokiriličnoj]] bukvy '''{{-|[[О (kirilica)|О]]}}''' s križem (''krest'') v srědině. Ona byla upotrěbjena v [[Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk|crkovnoslovjanskom jezyku]] v dvoh slovah:
* ''ꚛkrestъ'' «okolo, vokrug, v okolnosti» 
* ''ꚛкругъ'' «okrug»
&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ꚛ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED O | 1-sist16 = A69A | 1-sist10 = 42650 | 1-utf8 = EA 9A 9A
| 2-znak = ꚛ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED O   | 2-sist16 = A69B | 2-sist10 = 42651 | 2-utf8 = EA 9A 9B
}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A69A | title = U+A69A Cyrillic Capital Letter Crossed O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+A69B | title = U+A69B Cyrillic Small Letter Crossed O | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy О}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:О}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q19894653}}</text>
      <sha1>20816v1gv8wz0iukpscfwlqpa9vwdyj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japonske čislovniky</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4636</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29322</id>
      <parentid>28985</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T06:20:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Zapisyvanje slov čislami */</comment>
      <origin>29322</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42222" sha1="18ushlfodgjqzgotsw3896o510brkcy" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]]
{{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajsko pismo|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}).

==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== 
Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]].

Věčšinstvo cifr imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †.

{| class=&quot;wikitable nounderlines&quot;
! Čislo
! Znak
! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}}
! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;
! Prědnostny izgovor
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[0]]
| {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}}
| {{Nihongo||れい|rei}}
| {{Nihongo||まる|maru}}
| {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}})
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[1]]
| {{lang|ja|一}}
| {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}}
| {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[2]]
| {{lang|ja|二}}
| {{Nihongo||に|ni}}
| {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||に|ni}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[3]]
| {{lang|ja|三}}
| {{Nihongo||さん|san}}
| {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||さん|san}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[4]]
| {{lang|ja|四}}
| {{Nihongo||し|shi}}
| {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||よん|yon}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[5]]
| {{lang|ja|五}}
| {{Nihongo||ご|go}}
| {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||ご|go}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[6]]
| {{lang|ja|六}}
| {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}}
| {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[7]]
| {{lang|ja|七}}
| {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}}
| {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||なな|nana}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[8]]
| {{lang|ja|八}}
| {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}}
| {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[9]]
| {{lang|ja|九}}
| {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} 
| {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[10]]
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}}
| {{Nihongo||とお|tō}}
| {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[20 (number)|20]]
| {{lang|ja|二十}}
| {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}†
| {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[30 (number)|30]]
| {{lang|ja|三十}}
| {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}†
| {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[40 (number)|40]]
| {{lang|ja|四十}}
| {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}†
| {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[50 (number)|50]]
| {{lang|ja|五十}}
| {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}†
| {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[60 (number)|60]]
| {{lang|ja|六十}}
| {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}†
| {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[70 (number)|70]]
| {{lang|ja|七十}}
| {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}†
| {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[80 (number)|80]]
| {{lang|ja|八十}}
| {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}†
| {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[90 (number)|90]]
| {{lang|ja|九十}}
| {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}†
| {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[100]]
| {{lang|ja|百}}
| {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}}
| {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}†
| {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[500 (number)|500]]
| {{lang|ja|五百}}
| {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}}
| {{Nihongo||いお|io}}†
| {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[800 (number)|800]]
| {{lang|ja|八百}}
| {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}}
| {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}†
| {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[1000 (number)|1,000]]
| {{lang|ja|千}}
| {{Nihongo||せん|sen}}
| {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}†
| {{Nihongo||せん|sen}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[10,000]]
| {{lang|ja|万}}
| {{Nihongo||まん|man}}
| {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}†
| {{Nihongo||まん|man}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[100,000,000]]
| {{lang|ja|億}}
| {{Nihongo||おく|oku}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||おく|oku}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]]
| {{lang|ja|兆}}
| {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]]
| {{lang|ja|京}}
| {{Nihongo||けい|kei}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||けい|kei}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]]
| {{lang|ja|垓}}
| {{Nihongo||がい|gai}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||がい|gai}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|𥝱}}
| {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;28&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|穣}}
| {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;32&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|溝}}
| {{Nihongo||こう|kō}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||こう|kō}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;36&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|澗}}
| {{Nihongo||かん|kan}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||かん|kan}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;40&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|正}}
| {{Nihongo||せい|sei}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||せい|sei}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;44&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|載}}
| {{Nihongo||さい|sai}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||さい|sai}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;48&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|極}}
| {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}}
|}
&lt;small&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje &quot;krugly&quot; ili &quot;krug&quot;. Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin &quot;109&quot;]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.&lt;/small&gt;

Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|&quot;ichi, ni, san, shi,...&quot;}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost.

Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymi u japoncev.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}).

Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy:

*desetky od 20 do 90 sut &quot;(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}&quot; kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}.
*sotky od 200 do 900 sut &quot;(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}&quot;.
*tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut &quot;(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}&quot;.

Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje  {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}.

Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} &quot;šest&quot; i {{lang|en|hyaku}} &quot;sto&quot; dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} &quot;šestsot&quot;.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}}
| {{lang|en|nihyaku}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}}
| {{lang|en|yonhyaku}}
| {{lang|en|gohyaku}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|roppyaku}}
| {{lang|en|nanahyaku}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|happyaku}}
| {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}}
|—
|—
|—
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,000
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|sen, issen}}
| {{lang|en|nisen}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|sanzen}}
| {{lang|en|yonsen}}
| {{lang|en|gosen}}
| {{lang|en|rokusen}}
| {{lang|en|nanasen}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|hassen}}
| {{lang|en|kyūsen}}
| —
| —
| —
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10{{sup|12}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|itchō}}
| {{lang|en|nichō}}
| {{lang|en|sanchō}}
| {{lang|en|yonchō}}
| {{lang|en|gochō}}
| {{lang|en|rokuchō}}
| {{lang|en|nanachō}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|hatchō}}
| {{lang|en|kyūchō}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|jutchō}}*
| {{lang|en|hyakuchō}}
| {{lang|en|issenchō}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10{{sup|16}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|ikkei}}
| {{lang|en|nikei}}
| {{lang|en|sankei}}
| {{lang|en|yonkei}}
| {{lang|en|gokei}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|rokkei}}
| {{lang|en|nanakei}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|hakkei}}
| {{lang|en|kyūkei}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|jukkei}}*
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}**
| {{lang|en|issenkei}}
|}
&lt;small&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;**&lt;/nowiki&gt; Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.&lt;/small&gt;

V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|&quot;dva&quot;|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|&quot;deset&quot;|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|&quot;dvadeset&quot;|二十}}.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor
!Značenje
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}}
|deset i jedno
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}}
|deset i sedm
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}}
|sto, pet desetok i jedno
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}}
|tri sta i dva
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}}
|četyri, šest desetok i devet
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}}
|dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet
|}

===Čislne redky i desetične čisla===
Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.&lt;ref name=nhk-2005-2&gt;{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方（語形）について数字の読み方～小数の読み方～|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɲiː ɾókɯ &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɲí]}}.&lt;ref name=hirayama-1961&gt;{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.&lt;ref name=nhk-2005-2/&gt;&lt;ref name=hirayama-1961/&gt; Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɡodʑɯ́ː &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɲíː teɴ &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɲiː ɡóː &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje &quot;točka&quot;.

===Druge tipy čisel===
V japonskyh [[Redny čislovnik|rednyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako &quot;jedin raz&quot; bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a &quot;prvy raz&quot; bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}.

Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{lang|en|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{lang|en|sangai}} može označati kako &quot;tri etaže&quot;, tako i &quot;tretji etaž.&quot;

[[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}.

== Stupnje 10 ==

=== Velike čisla ===

Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč (1,000)
&lt;div class=&quot;overflowbugx&quot; style=&quot;overflow-x:auto;&quot;&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Red  
|10{{sup|4}}
|10{{sup|8}}
|10{{sup|12}}
|10{{sup|16}}
|10{{sup|20}}
|10{{sup|24}}
|10{{sup|28}}
|10{{sup|32}}
|10{{sup|36}}
|10{{sup|40}}
|10{{sup|44}}
|10{{sup|48}}
|10{{sup|52}} &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}&lt;/small&gt;
|10{{sup|56}} &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}&lt;/small&gt;
|10{{sup|60}} &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}&lt;/small&gt;
|10{{sup|64}} &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}&lt;/small&gt;
|10{{sup|68}} &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}&lt;/small&gt;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Znak 
|{{lang|ja|万}}
|{{lang|ja|億}}
|{{lang|ja|兆}}
|{{lang|ja|京}}
|{{lang|ja|垓}}
|{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}}
|{{lang|ja|穣}}
|{{lang|ja|溝}}
|{{lang|ja|澗}}
|{{lang|ja|正}}
|{{lang|ja|載}}
|{{lang|ja|極}}
|{{lang|ja|恒河沙}}
|{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}}
|{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}}
|{{lang|ja|不可思議}}
|{{lang|ja|無量大数}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Izgovor 
|{{lang|en|man}}
|{{lang|en|oku}}
|{{lang|en|chō}}
|{{lang|en|kei}}
|{{lang|en|gai}}
|{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}}
|{{lang|en|jō}}
|{{lang|en|kō}}
|{{lang|en|kan}}
|{{lang|en|sei}}
|{{lang|en|sai}}
|{{lang|en|goku}}
|{{lang|en|gōgasha}}
|{{lang|en|asōgi}}
|{{lang|en|nayuta}}
|{{lang|en|fukashigi}}
|{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}}
|}&lt;/div&gt;

Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkoki|Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas.

Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙|''gōgasha''}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganges|Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo|阿僧祇|''asōgi''|}}, od sanskritnogo {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'neizčisljimy/bezčislny', s negativnym prefiksom {{Nihongo|阿|''a''|}}, i {{Nihongo|那由他|''nayuta''}} od sanskritnogo {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. Dalje, cifry sut terminami iz [[Budizm|Budizma]], prěvedene na kitajsky ili iztvorjene na njem, ktorym pozdněje pridělali čislne značenja: {{Nihongo|'nevoobrazimy'|不可思議|fukashigi}} i {{Nihongo|'bezměrno veliko čislo'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. 

Priměry: ''(razděljenje na grupy iz četyreh cifr jest privedeno samo za cěljem lěpšego objasnjenja)''
*1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}}
*983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}}
*20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}}

Jednakože, Čisla, napisane arabskymi ciframi, razděljaut na grupy po tri cifry, kako to jest prijeto v anglogovorečih državah. Pri koristanju arabskyh cifr i kandži razom, zapadny sposob zapisu može se koristati za čisla, menši 10,000, ale s {{-|''man''}}, ako čislo je večšo (napr. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} za 25,000,000).

Ako v japonskom jezyku dolge čisla sit zapisyvane v kandži, nuly opuskajut za vse stupnje deseti. Tako, 4002 bude {{lang|ja|四千二}} (naprotiv, v kitajskom jezyku trěba použiti {{lang|zh|零}} vsekde vměsto nuly, napr. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} za 4002). Ale, pri čitanju učetovodnyh sprav, napriměr, opuštene cifry inogda označajut {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} ili {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}: v našem priměru 4002 {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} ili {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} vměsto obyčnogo {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}.

=== Drobne čisla ===
Japonsky jezyk imaje dvě sistemy čislovnikov za desetične droby. Oni uže ne koristajut se generalno, ale kako predže mogut se koristati v něktoryh slučajah, kako ukazatelje odbitja i zaščity bejsbolistov, procenty izigry sportovnyh ekip, i v něktoryh idiomatičnyh rěčenjah kako 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'šans petdeset na petdeset', doslovno 'pet na pet'), ili kogda prědstavjajut procent rabata. Droby {{lang|en|bu}} takože koritajut, kogda govoret o gorečkě — napriměr, {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} za 9 i dvě drobnyh — za označanje temperatury 39.2°C.

Jedna sistema jest taka:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!align=left|Red
|10{{sup|−1}} 
|10{{sup|−2}} 
|10{{sup|−3}} 
|10{{sup|−4}}
|10{{sup|−5}}
|10{{sup|−6}}
|10{{sup|−7}}
|10{{sup|−8}}
|10{{sup|−9}}
|10{{sup|−10}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Znak
|{{lang|ja|分}}
|{{lang|ja|厘}}
|{{lang|ja|毛}}
|{{lang|ja|糸}}
|{{lang|ja|忽}}
|{{lang|ja|微}}
|{{lang|ja|繊}}
|{{lang|ja|沙}}
|{{lang|ja|塵}}
|{{lang|ja|埃}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Izgovor
|{{lang|en|bu}}
|{{lang|en|rin}}
|{{lang|en|mō}}
|{{lang|en|shi}}
|{{lang|en|kotsu}}
|{{lang|en|bi}}
|{{lang|en|sen}}
|{{lang|en|sha}}
|{{lang|en|jin}}
|{{lang|en|ai}}
|}

Tuta sistema koristaje se jedino s tradicijnoju [[Japonska sistema měrnyh jedinic|japonskoju sistemoju měrnyh jedinic]], něktore znaky koristajut bez izměn za prědstavjenje poděla měry [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]].

Druga sistema: Dlja prědstavjenja desetičnyh drobov procenta ili rabata koristajut sistemu, ktora jest &quot;izměščena&quot; i kde {{lang|en|bu}} stavaje se &quot;jednoju stotoju&quot; i tako dalje, a jediniceju za &quot;desetuju&quot; se stavaje {{lang|en|wari}}:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!align=left|Red
|10{{sup|−1}} 
|10{{sup|−2}} 
|10{{sup|−3}} 
|10{{sup|−4}}
|10{{sup|−5}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Znak
|{{lang|ja|割}}
|{{lang|ja|分}}
|{{lang|ja|厘}}
|{{lang|ja|毛}}
|{{lang|ja|糸}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Izgovor
|{{lang|en|wari}}
|{{lang|en|bu}}
|{{lang|en|rin}}
|{{lang|en|mō}}
|{{lang|en|shi}}
|}
Tuto često použivajut v cěnah. Napriměr:
*{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% rabat
*{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: srědno odbivanje .389 (bejsbol).

S izključenjem {{lang|en|wari}}, tojte rědko možno uviděti v suvrěmennom koristanju. Desetične droby sut tipično napisane kandži-čislovnikami (vertikalno) ili arabskymi ciframi (horizontalno), prěd ktorymi stoji desetična točka, i Čitajut se oni kako sekvencija cifr, kako to jest prijeto na Zapadu. Jednako, v pismennoj formě, jih mogut kombinovati kako s tradicijnymi sistemami izraženja čisel (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), v ktoryh sut napisane stupnje deseti, ili s sitemoju znakoměst, ktora koristaje nulu (50.04 procentov: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) V obohdvoh slučajah, jednako, izgovor slěduje tradicijnoj sistemě ({{lang|en|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} za 42.195 kilometrov; {{lang|en|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} za 50.04 procentov.)

== V imenah ==
Jestvujut imena {{Nihongo|[[Millennium Actress|{{-|Chiyoko}}]]|千代子|doslovno &quot;tyseč lět&quot; (žensko)}}, {{Nihongo|{{-|Chiizuru}}|千鶴|doslovno &quot;tyseč [[Japonsky žerav|žeravov]]&quot; (žensko)}}, {{Nihongo|{{-|Chikao}}|千禾夫|doslovno &quot;muž — tyseč klasov&quot;}}, rodna nazva {{Nihongo|{{-|Chitaka}}|千鷹|doslovno &quot;tyseč sokolov&quot;}}. Jedna iz japonskyh prefektur se nazyvaje {{Nihongo|[[Čiba (prefektura)|{{-|Chiba}}]]|千葉|doslovno &quot;tyseč listov&quot;}}. V [[anime]] &quot;[[Unesene duhami]]&quot; obigryvajut nejednoznačnost izgovora hieroglifa 千 — ''{{-|sen}}'' ili ''{{-|chi}}'': ime glavnoj herojiny — {{Nihongo|{{-|Chihiro}}|千尋|doslovno &quot;tyseč [[Japonska sistema měr#Měry dolžiny|hiro]]&quot;, &quot;bezdonna glubina&quot;}}; čarodějnica &quot;odimaje&quot; ime u Čihiro, ostavjajuči njej toliko jedin znak i izměnjajuči jego izgovor. Od nyně Čihiro se zove {{Nihongo|{{-|Sen}}|千|tyseč}}.

Pomimo tomu, jestvuje red mužskyh imen, ktore davajut detem po redu jih rodženja:

# {{Nihongo|Ičiro|一郎|ichirō|первый сын}},
# {{Nihongo|Džiro|二郎|Jirō|второй сын}},
# {{Nihongo|Saburo|三郎|saburō}},
# {{Nihongo|Širo|四郎|shirō}},
# {{Nihongo|Goro|五郎|gorō}},
# {{Nihongo|Rokuro|六郎|rokurō}},
# {{Nihongo|Šičiro|七郎|shichirō}},
# {{Nihongo|Hačiro|八郎|hachirō}},
# {{Nihongo|Kuro|九郎|kurō}},
# {{Nihongo|Džuro|十郎|jūrō}},
# {{Nihongo|Toičiro|十一郎|toichirō}} или {{Nihongo|Džuičiro|十一郎|jūichirō}},
# {{Nihongo|Džudžiro|十二郎|jūjirō}},
# {{Nihongo|Tosaburo|十三郎|tosaburō}} или {{Nihongo|Džusaburo|十三郎|jūsaburō:}}.

Poslě [[Vtora světova vojna|Vtoroj světovoj vojny]] imena &quot;vyše&quot; než Saburo sut praktično prěstali se upotrěbjati. Pomimo ukazanyh imen, sut daže {{Nihongo|Džuširo|十四郎|jūshirō}}, četyrnadesety syn i {{Nihongo|Hjakuro|百郎|hakurō}}, stoty syn: jih, pomimo ostalnyh, noset aktor [[Kabuki]] [[Jushiro Konoe|Džuširo Konoe]] (近衛 十四郎) i [[mangaka]] [[Hyakuro Murasaki|Hjakuro Murasaki]] (村崎 百郎).

== Formalne čislovniky ==
[[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]]
Kako i u kitajskyh čislovnikov, jestvuje specialna japonska sbirka kandži za čislovniky, ktora nazyvaje se {{Nihongo|大字|{{-|''daiji''}}|}} i ktoru koristajut v pravnyh i finansovyh dokumentah, da by prědodvračati možnost nečestnym ljudjam dodavati črtu ili dvě, prevračajuči jedinicu v dvojku ili trojku. Formalne čislovniky sut identične kitajskym formalnym čislovnikam, pomimo maloj razliky v načrtanju. Tutdenj cifry jedin, dva, tri i deset v pravnyh dokumentah pišut jedino v jihnom formalnom vidu (čisla od 4 do 9, ravno kako 100, 1000 i 10000 pišut identično obyčnym, gledite v tablice dolje).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tute obyčne formy jest možlivo izměnjato v směru vysšyh čisel dodavanjem črt (1 i 2 sut objasněne vyše, takože 3 jest možno izměnjati na 5, i 10 na 1000). V něktoryh slučajah cifru 1 cěljeno pišut kako v {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} za 110, na razliku od {{lang|ja|百十}} v obyčnom pisanju.

Formalne čislovniky:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Čislo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Obyčno
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Formalno
|-
! koristaje se !! ustarělo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}}
|}

Četyre aktualnyh [[banknoty Japonskogo jena]], 1000-jen, 2000-jen, 5000-jen i 10000-jen imajut formalne čislovniky {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}} i {{lang|ja|壱万}}.

==V starojaponskom jezyku==
[[Starojaponsky jezyk]] imaje slovosbor čestično od staryh dob, i takože imaje unikalne čislovniky za čisla nad 10, ktore uže ne použivajit se, mimo slučajev něktoryh [[Leksema|leksem]].

Primětky:
* Transkripcija tut jest na osnově [[fonem]] i ne jest [[Fonetika|fonetična]]. Gledite članok o [[Starojaponsky jezyk|starojaponskom jezyku]] za vyše informacij.
* Gledite {{lang|en|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} za informacije o notacijah s nižnim indeksom.

&lt;!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Čislo
! Izgovor
! Priklady
! Primětky
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;pi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (1 denj), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;se}} (1 god)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2
| [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}} (2 noče)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3
| [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;so&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (30)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;so&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;tari}} (4 ljudi)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5
| [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;se}} (5 lět)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 klěšče)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7
| [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (mnogo bystryh)
| Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
| [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (mnogo oblakov)
| Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9
| [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;no&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;no&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;pasira}} (9 blagorodnyh / bogov)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;wo}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;woka}} (10 dnjev)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;so&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;so&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (80)
| Strěčaje se toliko v složityh slovah; ne koristaje se samo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 ljudij), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;se}} (20 lět)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 dnjev)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;se}} (500 lět), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}} (500 nočev), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;no&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;po}} (900)
| Koristaje se za množne sotky v sostavnyh čislovnikah. Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;mo&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;mo&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;ka}} (mnogo dnjev)
| Koristaje se za nemnožne sotky i za čislo &quot;100&quot; sebe. Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1000
| [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;se}} (1000 lět, mnogo dnjev)
| Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10000
| [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ro&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;du}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ro&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;du}} (8000000, myriada)
| Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|}

==Sčitanje na prstah==
Japonsky jezyl posluživaje se oddělnymi sistemami za sčitanje za sebe i za ukazyvanje čisel drugym, obědvě do deseti. Sčitanje načinajut s otvorjenoju dlanju, potom sčitajut do peti, sgybajuči prsty, počinajuči velikym palcem (ostalne sut rovne), ale četyti bude, kogda toliko maly prst jest rovny, a za pet bude pest. Potom sčitajut ješče do peti v obratnom slědu, otvarjajuči prsty, počinajuči tym malym – tako šest jest to samo kako četyri, sedm kako tri, i tako dalje, i dest končaje se otvorjenoju dlanju. Bez ogleda na to, že tuto prinosi nejednoznačnost, tuty sposob ne koristaje se za ukazyvanje čisel drugym i zato tuto obyčno ne jest problemom. Pri pokazyvanju sčeta drugym, načinajut s zatvorjenoj dlani, i odgybajut prstaý, počinajuči ukazovakom, dohodet do malogo prsta, i potom zakančivajut velikym palcem, kako to dělajut v Sjedinjenyh Štatah. Za ukazyvanje čisel nad petju, posluživajut se otvorjenoju dlanju (čto označaje pet) i prikladajut uměstno čislo prstov drugoj ruky ko dlani (dlanji soočajut se jedna drugoj) – tako, za šest ukazovakom se prikladaje k dlani i tako dalje.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da by pokazati deset, trěba pokazati obě dlanji otvorjenymi von.

== Zapisyvanje slov čislami ==
Ako byli prijete [[arabske cifry]], stalo se vyše i vyše obyčno posluživati se njimi za napisanje čisel. Sčetne i redne čislovniky sut tipično napisane arabskymi ciframi, kako {{nihongo|'''tri ljudi'''|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|'''julij''', &quot;sedmy měsec&quot;|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|'''v vozrastu 20 lět'''|20歳|hatachi}}, i t. d., hoti {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} i {{lang|ja|二十歳}} sut takože dopustime v pisanju (ale to jest menje obyčno). Dalje, čisla, ktore sut čestju leksem, sut tipično zapisyvane kandži. Napriměr, termin {{nihongo|'zeleninovy kiosk'|八百屋|yaoya}} prěkladaje se v &quot;magazin 800&quot;, s koristanjem starojaponskogo izgovora za 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. Izvěstna Japonska organizovana kriminalna spoločnost [[jakuza]], može byti zapisyvana kako {{lang|ja|八九三}} (ili 893), kombinacija v igrě {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}}, ktora stoji 0 punktov, ukazyvaje, že jakuza sut &quot;ničtožne ljudi&quot; ili &quot;ljudi hazarda&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referencije ==
{{Iztočniky}}

==Vnješnje linky==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
* {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku)
* {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}}
* [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers]
* [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page)
* [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page)
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}}
{{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}}

[[Kategorija:Čisla]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Čislovniky]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}}</text>
      <sha1>18ushlfodgjqzgotsw3896o510brkcy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29323</id>
      <parentid>29322</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T06:28:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Velike čisla */</comment>
      <origin>29323</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42215" sha1="ko1b17m4xhanvrjox9ma1x736ekatj8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradicijnyh čislovnikov.]]
{{nihongo|'''Japonske čislovniky'''|数詞|sūshi}} sut [[Čislovnik (lingvistika)|čislovniky]], koristane v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]. V pismennosti oni sut jednake s [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]], a velike čisla slědujut kitajskomu stilju s grupovanjem po 10,000. Koristajut se dva izgovory: sino-japonsko čitanje [[Kitajsko pismo|kitajskyh hieroglifov]] ([[On'yomi|{{lang|en|on'yomi}}]]) i japonsko čitanje {{lang|en|[[Wago|yamato kotoba]]}} (rodne slova, {{lang|en|[[kun'yomi]]}}).

==Čisla v japonskom jezyku== 
Sut dva sposoby, kako pisati čisla v japonskom jezyku, [[Arabske cifry|arabskymi ciframi]] (1, 2, 3) ili [[Kitajske čislovniky|kitajskymi čislovnikami]] ({{lang|zh|一}}, {{lang|zh|二}}, {{lang|zh|三}}). Arabske cifry sut vyše često koristane pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|horizontalnom pisanju]], a kitajske čisla sut vyše obyčajne pri [[Horizontalno i vertikalno pisanje v Iztočno aziatskoj pismennosti|vertikalnom pisanju]].

Věčšinstvo cifr imaje dva čitanja, kako i večšinstvo [[Kitajsko pismo|kandži]], to, ktoro jest izvedeno od kitajskogo čitanja, koristaje se za redne čislovniky ([[on'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|On}}]] ) a rodno japonsko čitanje ([[kun'yomi|čitanje {{lang|en|Kun}}]]) koristaje se nemnogo menje formalno za čisla do 10. V něktoryh slučajah (privedenyh dole), japonsko čitanje obyčno jest preferovano za vse izkoristanja. Arhaične čitanja sut označene †.

{| class=&quot;wikitable nounderlines&quot;
! Čislo
! Znak
! Izgovor {{lang|en|On}}
! Izgovor {{lang|en|Kun}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |script-title=ja:スーパー大辞林 |trans-title=Super [[Daijirin]] |language=ja |publisher=[[Sanseidō]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;
! Prědnostny izgovor
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[0]]
| {{lang|ja|零}} / {{lang|ja|〇}}{{sup|*}}
| {{Nihongo||れい|rei}}
| {{Nihongo||まる|maru}}
| {{Nihongo||ゼロ|zero}} ([[Pozajetje (lingvistika)|pozajetje]], {{lang|en|[[Loanwords in Japanese|gairaigo]]}})
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[1]]
| {{lang|ja|一}}
| {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}}
| {{Nihongo||ひと・つ|hito(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||いち|ichi}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[2]]
| {{lang|ja|二}}
| {{Nihongo||に|ni}}
| {{Nihongo||ふた・つ|futa(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||に|ni}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[3]]
| {{lang|ja|三}}
| {{Nihongo||さん|san}}
| {{Nihongo||みっ・つ|mit(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||さん|san}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[4]]
| {{lang|ja|四}}
| {{Nihongo||し|shi}}
| {{lang|en|yon}}, {{Nihongo||よん、よっ・つ|yot(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||よん|yon}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[5]]
| {{lang|ja|五}}
| {{Nihongo||ご|go}}
| {{Nihongo||いつ・つ|itsu(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||ご|go}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[6]]
| {{lang|ja|六}}
| {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}}
| {{Nihongo||むっ・つ|mut(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||ろく|roku}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[7]]
| {{lang|ja|七}}
| {{Nihongo||しち|shichi}}
| {{Nihongo||なな・つ|nana(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||なな|nana}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[8]]
| {{lang|ja|八}}
| {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}}
| {{Nihongo||やっ・つ|yat(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||はち|hachi}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[9]]
| {{lang|ja|九}}
| {{lang|ja|ku}}, {{Nihongo||く, きゅう|kyū}} 
| {{Nihongo||ここの・つ|kokono(tsu)}}
| {{Nihongo||きゅう|kyū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[10]]
| {{lang|ja|十}}
| {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}}
| {{Nihongo||とお|tō}}
| {{Nihongo||じゅう|jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[20 (number)|20]]
| {{lang|ja|二十}}
| {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||はた|hata}}†
| {{Nihongo||にじゅう|ni-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[30 (number)|30]]
| {{lang|ja|三十}}
| {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||みそ|miso}}†
| {{Nihongo||さんじゅう|san-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[40 (number)|40]]
| {{lang|ja|四十}}
| {{Nihongo||しじゅう|shi-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||よそ|yoso}}†
| {{Nihongo||よんじゅう|yon-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[50 (number)|50]]
| {{lang|ja|五十}}
| {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||いそ|iso}}†
| {{Nihongo||ごじゅう|go-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[60 (number)|60]]
| {{lang|ja|六十}}
| {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||むそ|muso}}†
| {{Nihongo||ろくじゅう|roku-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[70 (number)|70]]
| {{lang|ja|七十}}
| {{Nihongo||しちじゅう|shichi-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||ななそ|nanaso}}†
| {{Nihongo||ななじゅう|nana-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[80 (number)|80]]
| {{lang|ja|八十}}
| {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||やそ|yaso}}†
| {{Nihongo||はちじゅう|hachi-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[90 (number)|90]]
| {{lang|ja|九十}}
| {{Nihongo||くじゅう|ku-jū}}
| {{Nihongo||ここのそ|kokonoso}}†
| {{Nihongo||きゅうじゅう|kyū-jū}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[100]]
| {{lang|ja|百}}
| {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}}
| {{Nihongo||もも|momo}}†
| {{Nihongo||ひゃく|hyaku}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[500 (number)|500]]
| {{lang|ja|五百}}
| {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}}
| {{Nihongo||いお|io}}†
| {{Nihongo||ごひゃく|go-hyaku}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[800 (number)|800]]
| {{lang|ja|八百}}
| {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}}
| {{Nihongo||やお|yao}}†
| {{Nihongo||はっぴゃく|hap-pyaku}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[1000 (number)|1,000]]
| {{lang|ja|千}}
| {{Nihongo||せん|sen}}
| {{Nihongo||ち|chi}}†
| {{Nihongo||せん|sen}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[10,000]]
| {{lang|ja|万}}
| {{Nihongo||まん|man}}
| {{Nihongo||よろず|yorozu}}†
| {{Nihongo||まん|man}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[100,000,000]]
| {{lang|ja|億}}
| {{Nihongo||おく|oku}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||おく|oku}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|1,000,000,000,000]]
| {{lang|ja|兆}}
| {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||ちょう|chō}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10,000,000,000,000,000]]
| {{lang|ja|京}}
| {{Nihongo||けい|kei}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||けい|kei}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|100,000,000,000,000,000,000]]
| {{lang|ja|垓}}
| {{Nihongo||がい|gai}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||がい|gai}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|𥝱}}
| {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||じょ|jo}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;28&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|穣}}
| {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||じょう|jō}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;32&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|溝}}
| {{Nihongo||こう|kō}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||こう|kō}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;36&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|澗}}
| {{Nihongo||かん|kan}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||かん|kan}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;40&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|正}}
| {{Nihongo||せい|sei}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||せい|sei}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;44&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|載}}
| {{Nihongo||さい|sai}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||さい|sai}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)|10&lt;sup&gt;48&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| {{lang|ja|極}}
| {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}}
|—
| {{Nihongo||ごく|goku}}
|}
&lt;small&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Imaje se takože specialno čitanje 〇 ({{-|''maru''}}), čto označaje &quot;krugly&quot; ili &quot;krug&quot;. Ono može koristati se opcionalno, kogda čitajut se odděljene cifry v nomeru jedna po jednoj, vměsto vsego čisla. Polpularnym priměrom jest [[109 (trgovy dom)|znamenity magazin &quot;109&quot;]] v četvrti [[Shibuya|Šibuja, Tokio]], ktory čitaje se kako {{lang|en|ichi-maru-kyū}} (Kandži: {{lang|ja|一〇九}}). (On takože može čitati se kako 'deset-devet'— izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|tō-kyū}} — čto jest igra slov s nazvanjem tokijskogo trgovogo doma, ktory vladaje budynkom.) Tuto izkoristanje {{lang|en|maru}} za čislnu 0 jest podobno poněkogdomu čitanju čisla 0 v anglijskom jezyku kako {{-| ''oh''}}. Jednakože, kako čislo, jego jedino zapisyvajut kako 0 ili {{Nihongo|零|{{-|rei}}}}. Čtovyše, dva i pet izgovarjajut s dolgoju samoglaskoju v telefoničnyh nomerah (napr. {{lang|ja|にい}} {{lang|en|nī}} i {{lang|ja|ごお}} {{lang|en|gō}}). Čisla poslě {{lang|en|kei}} koristajut rědko. Tym ne menje, oni sut prědstavjene tut.&lt;/small&gt;

Kako odměčaje se vyše, {{lang|en|yon}} (4) i {{lang|en|nana}} (7) sut uprědnostnjene nad {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}}. Prědpokladaje se, že tuto jest svezano s tym, že {{lang|en|shi}} jest takože čitanjem slova 死 (smrt), čto děljae jego neščestlivym čitanjem (gledite [[tetrafobija]]); dokolě {{lang|en|shichi}} može zvučati velmi slično s {{lang|en|ichi}} (1), {{lang|en|shi}} ili {{lang|en|hachi}} (8). Jednakože, v cělom redu stanovjenyh slov i rěčenij, {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} sut stale preferovane; tako, pri sčitanju (kako v {{lang|en|&quot;ichi, ni, san, shi,...&quot;}}), {{lang|en|shi}} i {{lang|en|shichi}} mogut iměti prědnost.

Čislo 9 takože mněvaje se nesčestlivym; kogda izgovarjaje se {{lang|en|ku}}, ono sozvučno 苦 (stradanje). Čislo 13 poněkogda mněvaje se nesčestlivym, ale jest to kalka [[Triskaidekafobia|zapadnoj tradicije]]. Naprotiv, 7 i poněkogda 8 mněvajut se sčestlivymi u japoncev.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://lingualift.com/blog/lucky-unlucky-numbers-japan/|title=The number of death: Lucky and unlucky numbers in Japan|website=The Science of Language Self-Study {{!}} LinguaLift Blog|access-date=2016-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V sovrěmennom japonskom jezyku, redne čislovniky pomimo 4 i 7 sut obyčno koristane v čitanju {{lang|en|on}}. Alternativno čitanje byvaje v nazvah měsecev, čislah dnjev v měsecu i stalyh izrazah; napriměr, april, julij, i september nazyvajut se {{lang|en|'''shi'''-gatsu}} (4. měsec), {{lang|en|'''shichi'''-gatsu}} (7. měsec), i {{lang|en|'''ku'''-gatsu}} (9. měsec). Čitanja {{lang|en|on}} takože koristajut pri prěklikanju dlja samosčitanja ljudij (nap. {{lang|en|ichi-ni-san-shi}}).

Večši čisla stvarjajut, kombinujuči tute elementy:

*desetky od 20 do 90 sut &quot;(cifra){{lang|en|-jū}}&quot; kako od {{Nihongo|二十|{{-|ni-jū}}}} do {{Nihongo|九十|{{-|kyū-jū}}}}.
*sotky od 200 do 900 sut &quot;(cifra){{lang|en|-hyaku}}&quot;.
*tyseče od 2000 do 9000 sut &quot;(cifra){{lang|en|-sen}}&quot;.

Počinajuči od {{Nihongo|miriady|万}}, čisla začinajut se s {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, ako ne jest prisutna ina cifra. Tako, 100 bude prosto {{Nihongo|百|{{-|hyaku}}}}, 1000 jest prosto {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}}, ale 10000 uže{{Nihongo|一万|{{-|ichiman}}}}, vměsto prosto {{lang|en|man}}. (Tuto odličaje se od [[Kitajsky jezyk|kitajskogo jezyka]], kde čisla začinajut se s {{lang|zh|一}} ako ne jest druga ina cifra prěd njeju, uže od 100.) I jestli {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} neposrědnje prědhodi kolikosti [[Miriada|miriad]], prěd {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} obyčno dodavajut {{Nihongo|一|{{-|ichi}}}}, čto davaje  {{Nihongo|一千|{{-|issen}}}}. Tako, 10,000,000 (bukvalno 1000,0000) obyčno čitajut kako {{Nihongo|一千万|{{-|issenman}}}}. Ale ako {{Nihongo|千|{{-|sen}}}} ''ne'' premo prědhodi kolikosti myriad, dodavanje {{Nihongo|一|ichi}}jest opcionalno. Tako, 15,000,000 (1500,0000) čitaje se kako {{Nihongo|千五百万|sengohyakuman}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百万|issengohyakuman}}, ravno i kako 1500 čitaje se {{Nihongo|千五百|sengohyaku}} ili {{Nihongo|一千五百|issengohyaku}}.

Sut i něktore fonetične modifikacije v ozvučanju něktoryh velikyh čisel, [[Oglasovanje i obezglasovanje suglasok|oglasovanje]] ili [[gemacija]] něktoryh suglasok, kako to često byvaje v japonskom jezyku (napr. {{lang|en|[[rendaku]]}}): napr. {{lang|en|roku}} &quot;šest&quot; i {{lang|en|hyaku}} &quot;sto&quot; dělajut {{lang|en|roppyaku}} &quot;šestsot&quot;.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 100 !! 1000
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|hyaku, ippyaku}}
| {{lang|en|nihyaku}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|sanbyaku}}
| {{lang|en|yonhyaku}}
| {{lang|en|gohyaku}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|roppyaku}}
| {{lang|en|nanahyaku}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|happyaku}}
| {{lang|en|kyūhyaku}}
|—
|—
|—
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,000
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|sen, issen}}
| {{lang|en|nisen}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|sanzen}}
| {{lang|en|yonsen}}
| {{lang|en|gosen}}
| {{lang|en|rokusen}}
| {{lang|en|nanasen}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|hassen}}
| {{lang|en|kyūsen}}
| —
| —
| —
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10{{sup|12}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|itchō}}
| {{lang|en|nichō}}
| {{lang|en|sanchō}}
| {{lang|en|yonchō}}
| {{lang|en|gochō}}
| {{lang|en|rokuchō}}
| {{lang|en|nanachō}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|hatchō}}
| {{lang|en|kyūchō}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|jutchō}}*
| {{lang|en|hyakuchō}}
| {{lang|en|issenchō}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10{{sup|16}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|ikkei}}
| {{lang|en|nikei}}
| {{lang|en|sankei}}
| {{lang|en|yonkei}}
| {{lang|en|gokei}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|rokkei}}
| {{lang|en|nanakei}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|hakkei}}
| {{lang|en|kyūkei}}
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|jukkei}}*
| style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | {{lang|en|hyakkei}}**
| {{lang|en|issenkei}}
|}
&lt;small&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 10. Koncovka měnjaje se od {{lang|en|-jū}} na {{lang|en|-jutchō}} ili {{lang|en|-jukkei}}.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;**&lt;/nowiki&gt; Takože priměnjaje se k kratnym 100. Koncovka {{lang|en|-ku}} měnjaje se na {{lang|en|-kkei}}.&lt;/small&gt;

V čislah nad 10, elementy sut soredjene, i ne koristajut se nuly. Japonske čislovniky imajut ne pozicijnu, a multiplikativno-aditivnu sistemu; da by napisati čislo 20, trěba napisati simbol {{Nihongo|&quot;dva&quot;|二}}, a potom simbol {{Nihongo|&quot;deset&quot;|十}}, da by polučiti dvě desetky ili {{Nihongo|&quot;dvadeset&quot;|二十}}.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Čislo !! Kandži !! Izgovor
!Značenje
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11 || {{lang|ja|十一}} || {{lang|en|jū ichi}}
|deset i jedno
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17 || {{lang|ja|十七}} || {{lang|en|jū nana, jū shichi}}
|deset i sedm
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 151 || {{lang|ja|百五十一}} || {{lang|en|hyaku go-jū ichi}}
|sto, pet desetok i jedno
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 302 || {{lang|ja|三百二}} || {{lang|en|san-byaku ni}}
|tri sta i dva
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 469 || {{lang|ja|四百六十九}} || {{lang|en|yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū}}
|četyri, šest desetok i devet
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2025 || {{lang|ja|二千二十五}} || {{lang|en|ni-sen ni-jū go}}
|dva tyseče, dvě desetky i pet
|}

===Čislne redky i desetične čisla===
Japonske cifry od 1 do 9 obyčno se koristajut izolovano. Redky cifr imajut slegka inako čitanje s prodolženymi samoglaskami za 2 (''nī'') i 5 (''gō''), i menje često, 4 (''shī'') i 9 (''kū''). Tako dělajut zato, že kogda prěčisljajut cifry, ako možno, oni muset byti v grupah po dvě, každa iz njih musi sostojeti točno iz četyreh [[Mora (lingvistika)|mor]], čto dělaje neobhodnym prodolženje obyčno jednomornyh cifr kako ''ni'', ''go'', ''shi'' and ''ku''.&lt;ref name=nhk-2005-2&gt;{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082124/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20250601_1.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|lang=ja|script-title=ja:語の読み方（語形）について数字の読み方～小数の読み方～|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Yamashita|first=Yōko|last2=Fujii|first2=Madoka|date=28 February 2025|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622082259/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20180501_4.html|archive-date=22 June 2025|date=1 May 2018|lang=ja|script-title=ja:数詞の発音とアクセント|work=NHK Bunken|publisher=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|last=Sakurai|first=Shigeharu|last2=Akinaga|first2=Kazue|access-date=23 September 2025|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Napiměr, taky redok kako '''5'''4'''2'''62 se izgovarjaje {{-|'''''gō'''-yon '''nī'''-roku ni''}}, kde prve dvě grupy sut kvadrimoraične. [[Japonsko tonalno udarjenje|Udarjenje]] pri tom padaje prědposlědnju moru kažfoj grupy, ako li to jest možlivo, odsud {{-|[ɡoː jóɴ &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɲiː ɾókɯ &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɲí]}}.&lt;ref name=hirayama-1961&gt;{{cite book|lang=ja|script-title=ja:全国アクセント辞典|first=Teruo|last=Hirayama|publisher=Tōkyōdō|date=25 December 1961|p=897}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuto pravilo takože priměnjaje se k poslědnoj cifrě celoj česti čisla i ko vsim cifram desetičnoj česti desetičnogo čisla.&lt;ref name=nhk-2005-2/&gt;&lt;ref name=hirayama-1961/&gt; Napriměr, tako desetično čislo kako 25'''2'''.'''25'''5 se izgovarjaje {{-|''nihyaku gojū '''nī'''-ten '''nī-gō''' go''}} {{-|[ɲiçjakɯ́ &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɡodʑɯ́ː &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɲíː teɴ &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɲiː ɡóː &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɡó]}}, kde ''ten'' označaje &quot;točka&quot;.

===Druge tipy čisel===
V japonskyh [[Redny čislovnik|rednyh čislovnikah]] koristajut modifikaciju uměstnyh sčetnyh slov, sistema ktoryh v japonskom jezyku jest dosti [[Japonske sčetne slova|komplikovana]]. Da by prěvratiti sčetno slovo (sčislovnik) v ordinalny čislovnik, ktory označaje poziciju v redu, na koncu sčislovnika dodavajut {{lang|ja|目}} {{lang|en|me}}. Tako &quot;jedin raz&quot; bude prěkladati se kako {{lang|ja|一回}} {{lang|en|ikkai}}, a &quot;prvy raz&quot; bude se prěkladati {{lang|ja|一回目}} {{lang|en|ikkaime}}.

Tuto pravilo jest ale nedoslědno, ako sčislovniky bez sufiksa {{lang|en|me}} često koristajut i v ordinalnom, i v [[Kardinalny čislovnik|kardinalnom]] smyslah. Napriměr, {{lang|ja|三階}} {{lang|en|sangai}} može označati kako &quot;tri etaže&quot;, tako i &quot;tretji etaž.&quot;

[[Distributivny čislovnik|Distributivne čislovniky]] obyčno stvarjajut iz kardinalnogo čislovnika, sčetnogo slova i sufiksa {{Nihongo|{{-|''-zutsu''}}|ずつ|}}, napriklad {{Nihongo|{{-|''hitori-zutsu''}}|一人ずつ|po jednoj osobě za raz, po-jedno}}.

== Stupnje 10 ==

=== Velike čisla ===

Vslěd kitajskoj tradiciji, velike čisla se stvarjajut grupovanjem cifr v [[Miriada|miriady]] (10,000), na razliku od zapadnyh tyseč (1,000)
&lt;div class=&quot;overflowbugx&quot; style=&quot;overflow-x:auto;&quot;&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Red  
|10{{sup|4}}
|10{{sup|8}}
|10{{sup|12}}
|10{{sup|16}}
|10{{sup|20}}
|10{{sup|24}}
|10{{sup|28}}
|10{{sup|32}}
|10{{sup|36}}
|10{{sup|40}}
|10{{sup|44}}
|10{{sup|48}}
|10{{sup|52}} &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|56}})}}&lt;/small&gt;
|10{{sup|56}} &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{nowrap|(ili 10{{sup|64}})}}&lt;/small&gt;
|10{{sup|60}} &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|72}})}}&lt;/small&gt;
|10{{sup|64}} &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|80}})}}&lt;/small&gt;
|10{{sup|68}} &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{nowrap|(or 10{{sup|88}})}}&lt;/small&gt;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Znak 
|{{lang|ja|万}}
|{{lang|ja|億}}
|{{lang|ja|兆}}
|{{lang|ja|京}}
|{{lang|ja|垓}}
|{{lang|ja|𥝱}}, {{lang|ja|秭}}
|{{lang|ja|穣}}
|{{lang|ja|溝}}
|{{lang|ja|澗}}
|{{lang|ja|正}}
|{{lang|ja|載}}
|{{lang|ja|極}}
|{{lang|ja|恒河沙}}
|{{lang|ja|阿僧祇}}
|{{lang|ja|那由他}}, {{lang|ja|那由多}}
|{{lang|ja|不可思議}}
|{{lang|ja|無量大数}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Izgovor 
|{{lang|en|man}}
|{{lang|en|oku}}
|{{lang|en|chō}}
|{{lang|en|kei}}
|{{lang|en|gai}}
|{{lang|en|jo}}, {{lang|en|shi}}
|{{lang|en|jō}}
|{{lang|en|kō}}
|{{lang|en|kan}}
|{{lang|en|sei}}
|{{lang|en|sai}}
|{{lang|en|goku}}
|{{lang|en|gōgasha}}
|{{lang|en|asōgi}}
|{{lang|en|nayuta}}
|{{lang|en|fukashigi}}
|{{lang|en|muryōtaisū}}
|}&lt;/div&gt;

Razhoděnja sut iz-za {{Nihongo|{{-|[[Jinkoki|Jinkōki]]}}|塵劫記|}}, najstaršego matematičnogo teksta Japonije. Originalno izdavanje bylo opublikovano v lětu 1627 i imělo mnogo grěšek, věčšinstvo ktoryh bylo izpravjeno v izdavanju 1631 goda. V lětu 1634 izšlo ješče jedno izdavanje, kde opet bylo izměnjeno několiko veličin. Vyše uvedeno razhodženje jest obuslovjeno nesuglasnostju dvoh poslědnjih izdavanij. Sut razne znaky za 10{{sup|24}} (to jest {{lang|ja|秭}} v kitajskom jezyku tutčas), i po 10{{sup|48}} oni odličajut se tym, že prodolžajut s povyšenjem faktora 10{{sup|4}} ili prěključajut se na faktor 10{{sup|8}}. Ako koristaje se faktor 10{{sup|8}}, medžuintervalne koeficienty 10{{sup|4}} zakryvajut s pomočju {{Nihongo|万|man}}. Nastoječe izdavanje {{lang|en|Jinkōki}}, 11-to, slěduje faktoru 10{{sup|4}} črez cělu sistemu, hoti něktori ljudi ješče koristajut veličiny iz 8-go izdavanja daže tutčas.

Poslědnje tri čisla s mnogoslogovymi nazvanjami i razhodženjem veličin v koncu koncev izvodet se iz Indije, hoti tam oni ne iměli oprědeljennyh veličin. {{Nihongo|恒河沙|''gōgasha''}} prvonačelno koristalo se v budističskyh traktatah za označevanje bezměrno ogromnogo; ono proizhodi iz [[Sanskrit|sanskritskogo]] {{lang|sa|गङ्गा}} {{lang|en|gangā}} '[[Ganga]]' (čto udobno vključaje znaky {{Nihongo|'rěka'|河|ka}} i {{Nihongo|'pěsok'|沙|sha}}, odsylajuči k neizčislimomu množstvu čestic pěska na rěkě Ganga. {{Nihongo|阿僧祇|''asōgi''|}}, od sanskritnogo {{lang|sa|असंख्येय}} {{lang|en|asaṃkhyeya}} 'neizčisljimy/bezčislny', s negativnym prefiksom {{Nihongo|阿|''a''|}}, i {{Nihongo|那由他|''nayuta''}} od sanskritnogo {{lang|sa|नयुत/नयुतः}} {{lang|en|nayuta(ḥ)}}. Dalje, cifry sut terminami iz [[Budizm|Budizma]], prěvedene na kitajsky ili iztvorjene na njem, ktorym pozdněje pridělali čislne značenja: {{Nihongo|'nevoobrazimy'|不可思議|fukashigi}} i {{Nihongo|'bezměrno veliko čislo'|無量大数|muryōtaisū}}. 

Priměry: ''(razděljenje na grupy iz četyreh cifr jest privedeno samo za cěljem lěpšego objasnjenja)''
*1 0000 : {{Nihongo|一万|ichi-man}}
*983 6703 : {{Nihongo|九百八十三万 六千七百三|kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san-man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san}}
*20 3652 1801 : {{Nihongo|二十億 三千六百五十二万 千八百一|ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi}}

Jednakože, Čisla, napisane arabskymi ciframi, razděljaut na grupy po tri cifry, kako to jest prijeto v anglogovorečih državah. Pri koristanju arabskyh cifr i kandži razom, zapadny sposob zapisu može se koristati za čisla, menši 10,000, ale s {{-|''man''}}, ako čislo je večšo (napr. {{lang|ja|2,500万}} za 25,000,000).

Ako v japonskom jezyku dolge čisla sit zapisyvane v kandži, nuly opuskajut za vse stupnje deseti. Tako, 4002 bude {{lang|ja|四千二}} (naprotiv, v kitajskom jezyku trěba použiti {{lang|zh|零}} vsekde vměsto nuly, napr. {{lang|zh|四千零二}} za 4002). Ale, pri čitanju učetovodnyh sprav, napriměr, opuštene cifry inogda označajut {{Nihongo|飛び|tobi}} ili {{Nihongo|飛んで|tonde}}: v našem priměru 4002 {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tobi''' ni}} ili {{lang|en|yon-sen '''tonde''' ni}} vměsto obyčnogo {{lang|en|yon-sen ni}}.

=== Drobne čisla ===
Japonsky jezyk imaje dvě sistemy čislovnikov za desetične droby. Oni uže ne koristajut se generalno, ale kako predže mogut se koristati v něktoryh slučajah, kako ukazatelje odbitja i zaščity bejsbolistov, procenty izigry sportovnyh ekip, i v něktoryh idiomatičnyh rěčenjah kako 五分五分の勝負 ({{-|''gobugobu no shōbu''}}, 'šans petdeset na petdeset', doslovno 'pet na pet'), ili kogda prědstavjajut procent rabata. Droby {{lang|en|bu}} takože koritajut, kogda govoret o gorečkě — napriměr, {{Nihongo|九度二分|kudonibu}} za 9 i dvě drobnyh — za označanje temperatury 39.2°C.

Jedna sistema jest taka:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!align=left|Red
|10{{sup|−1}} 
|10{{sup|−2}} 
|10{{sup|−3}} 
|10{{sup|−4}}
|10{{sup|−5}}
|10{{sup|−6}}
|10{{sup|−7}}
|10{{sup|−8}}
|10{{sup|−9}}
|10{{sup|−10}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Znak
|{{lang|ja|分}}
|{{lang|ja|厘}}
|{{lang|ja|毛}}
|{{lang|ja|糸}}
|{{lang|ja|忽}}
|{{lang|ja|微}}
|{{lang|ja|繊}}
|{{lang|ja|沙}}
|{{lang|ja|塵}}
|{{lang|ja|埃}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Izgovor
|{{lang|en|bu}}
|{{lang|en|rin}}
|{{lang|en|mō}}
|{{lang|en|shi}}
|{{lang|en|kotsu}}
|{{lang|en|bi}}
|{{lang|en|sen}}
|{{lang|en|sha}}
|{{lang|en|jin}}
|{{lang|en|ai}}
|}

Tuta sistema koristaje se jedino s tradicijnoju [[Japonska sistema měrnyh jedinic|japonskoju sistemoju měrnyh jedinic]], něktore znaky koristajut bez izměn za prědstavjenje poděla měry [[cun (unit)|{{lang|en|sun}}]].

Druga sistema: Dlja prědstavjenja desetičnyh drobov procenta ili rabata koristajut sistemu, ktora jest &quot;izměščena&quot; i kde {{lang|en|bu}} stavaje se &quot;jednoju stotoju&quot; i tako dalje, a jediniceju za &quot;desetuju&quot; se stavaje {{lang|en|wari}}:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!align=left|Red
|10{{sup|−1}} 
|10{{sup|−2}} 
|10{{sup|−3}} 
|10{{sup|−4}}
|10{{sup|−5}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Znak
|{{lang|ja|割}}
|{{lang|ja|分}}
|{{lang|ja|厘}}
|{{lang|ja|毛}}
|{{lang|ja|糸}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot;|Izgovor
|{{lang|en|wari}}
|{{lang|en|bu}}
|{{lang|en|rin}}
|{{lang|en|mō}}
|{{lang|en|shi}}
|}
Tuto često použivajut v cěnah. Napriměr:
*{{Nihongo|一割五分引き|ichi-wari go-bu biki}}: 15% rabat
*{{Nihongo|打率三割八分九厘|daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin}}: srědno odbivanje .389 (bejsbol).

S izključenjem {{lang|en|wari}}, tojte rědko možno uviděti v suvrěmennom koristanju. Desetične droby sut tipično napisane kandži-čislovnikami (vertikalno) ili arabskymi ciframi (horizontalno), prěd ktorymi stoji desetična točka, i Čitajut se oni kako sekvencija cifr, kako to jest prijeto na Zapadu. Jednako, v pismennoj formě, jih mogut kombinovati kako s tradicijnymi sistemami izraženja čisel (42.195 kilometers: {{lang|ja|四十二・一九五 キロメートル}}), v ktoryh sut napisane stupnje deseti, ili s sitemoju znakoměst, ktora koristaje nulu (50.04 procentov: {{lang|ja|五〇・〇四 パーセント.}}) V obohdvoh slučajah, jednako, izgovor slěduje tradicijnoj sistemě ({{lang|en|yon-jū ni-ten ichi-kyū go kiromētoru}} za 42.195 kilometrov; {{lang|en|go ju-tten rei-yon pāsento}} za 50.04 procentov.)

== V imenah ==
Jestvujut imena {{Nihongo|[[Millennium Actress|{{-|Chiyoko}}]]|千代子|doslovno &quot;tyseč lět&quot; (žensko)}}, {{Nihongo|{{-|Chiizuru}}|千鶴|doslovno &quot;tyseč [[Japonsky žerav|žeravov]]&quot; (žensko)}}, {{Nihongo|{{-|Chikao}}|千禾夫|doslovno &quot;muž — tyseč klasov&quot;}}, rodna nazva {{Nihongo|{{-|Chitaka}}|千鷹|doslovno &quot;tyseč sokolov&quot;}}. Jedna iz japonskyh prefektur se nazyvaje {{Nihongo|[[Čiba (prefektura)|{{-|Chiba}}]]|千葉|doslovno &quot;tyseč listov&quot;}}. V [[anime]] &quot;[[Unesene duhami]]&quot; obigryvajut nejednoznačnost izgovora hieroglifa 千 — ''{{-|sen}}'' ili ''{{-|chi}}'': ime glavnoj herojiny — {{Nihongo|{{-|Chihiro}}|千尋|doslovno &quot;tyseč [[Japonska sistema měr#Měry dolžiny|hiro]]&quot;, &quot;bezdonna glubina&quot;}}; čarodějnica &quot;odimaje&quot; ime u Čihiro, ostavjajuči njej toliko jedin znak i izměnjajuči jego izgovor. Od nyně Čihiro se zove {{Nihongo|{{-|Sen}}|千|tyseč}}.

Pomimo tomu, jestvuje red mužskyh imen, ktore davajut detem po redu jih rodženja:

# {{Nihongo|Ičiro|一郎|ichirō|первый сын}},
# {{Nihongo|Džiro|二郎|Jirō|второй сын}},
# {{Nihongo|Saburo|三郎|saburō}},
# {{Nihongo|Širo|四郎|shirō}},
# {{Nihongo|Goro|五郎|gorō}},
# {{Nihongo|Rokuro|六郎|rokurō}},
# {{Nihongo|Šičiro|七郎|shichirō}},
# {{Nihongo|Hačiro|八郎|hachirō}},
# {{Nihongo|Kuro|九郎|kurō}},
# {{Nihongo|Džuro|十郎|jūrō}},
# {{Nihongo|Toičiro|十一郎|toichirō}} или {{Nihongo|Džuičiro|十一郎|jūichirō}},
# {{Nihongo|Džudžiro|十二郎|jūjirō}},
# {{Nihongo|Tosaburo|十三郎|tosaburō}} или {{Nihongo|Džusaburo|十三郎|jūsaburō:}}.

Poslě [[Vtora světova vojna|Vtoroj světovoj vojny]] imena &quot;vyše&quot; než Saburo sut praktično prěstali se upotrěbjati. Pomimo ukazanyh imen, sut daže {{Nihongo|Džuširo|十四郎|jūshirō}}, četyrnadesety syn i {{Nihongo|Hjakuro|百郎|hakurō}}, stoty syn: jih, pomimo ostalnyh, noset aktor [[Kabuki]] [[Jushiro Konoe|Džuširo Konoe]] (近衛 十四郎) i [[mangaka]] [[Hyakuro Murasaki|Hjakuro Murasaki]] (村崎 百郎).

== Formalne čislovniky ==
[[File:Shoe Boxes (743286602).jpg|thumb|{{lang|en|[[Getabako]]}}]]
Kako i u kitajskyh čislovnikov, jestvuje specialna japonska sbirka kandži za čislovniky, ktora nazyvaje se {{Nihongo|大字|{{-|''daiji''}}|}} i ktoru koristajut v pravnyh i finansovyh dokumentah, da by prědodvračati možnost nečestnym ljudjam dodavati črtu ili dvě, prevračajuči jedinicu v dvojku ili trojku. Formalne čislovniky sut identične kitajskym formalnym čislovnikam, pomimo maloj razliky v načrtanju. Tutdenj cifry jedin, dva, tri i deset v pravnyh dokumentah pišut jedino v jihnom formalnom vidu (čisla od 4 do 9, ravno kako 100, 1000 i 10000 pišut identično obyčnym, gledite v tablice dolje).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大正十一年大蔵省令第四十三号 (会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ノ数字及記載事項ノ訂正ニ関スル件) |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023833/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T11/T11F03401000043.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第一条: 会計法規ニ基ク出納計算ニ関スル諸書類帳簿ニ記載スル金額其ノ他ノ数量ニシテ「一」、「二」、「三」、「十」、「廿」、「卅」ノ数字ハ「壱」、「弐」、「参」、「拾」、「弐拾」、「参拾」ノ字体ヲ用ユヘシ但横書ヲ為ストキハ「アラビア」数字ヲ用ユルコトヲ得』}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:戸籍法施行規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023839/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22F00501000094.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:「第三十一条 2: 年月日を記載するには、壱、弐、参、拾の文字を用いなければならない。」}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:小切手振出等事務取扱規程 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023849/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S26/S26F03401000020.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『附則 (昭和四〇年四月一日大蔵省令第二〇号) 2: 小切手の券面金額は、当分の間、所定の金額記載欄に、漢数字により表示することができる。この場合においては、「一」、「二」、「三」及び「十」の字体は、それぞれ「壱」、「弐」、「参」及び「拾」の漢字を用い、かつ、所定の金額記載欄の上方余白に当該金額記載欄に記載の金額と同額をアラビア数字で副記しなければならない。』}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:商業登記規則 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202084605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S39/S39F03201000023.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |lang=ja |script-quote=ja:『第四十八条 2: 金銭その他の物の数量、年月日及び番号を記載するには、「壱、弐、参、拾」の文字を用いなければならない。ただし、横書きをするときは、アラビヤ数字を用いることができる。』}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tute obyčne formy jest možlivo izměnjato v směru vysšyh čisel dodavanjem črt (1 i 2 sut objasněne vyše, takože 3 jest možno izměnjati na 5, i 10 na 1000). V něktoryh slučajah cifru 1 cěljeno pišut kako v {{lang|ja|壱百壱拾}} za 110, na razliku od {{lang|ja|百十}} v obyčnom pisanju.

Formalne čislovniky:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Čislo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Obyčno
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Formalno
|-
! koristaje se !! ustarělo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1 || {{lang|ja|一}} || {{lang|ja|壱}} || {{lang|ja|壹}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2 || {{lang|ja|二}} || {{lang|ja|弐}} || {{lang|ja|貳}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3 || {{lang|ja|三}} || {{lang|ja|参}} || {{lang|ja|參}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4 || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|四}} || {{lang|ja|肆}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5 || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|五}} || {{lang|ja|伍}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6 || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|六}} || {{lang|ja|陸}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7 || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|七}} || {{lang|ja|柒}}, {{lang|ja|漆}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8 || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|八}} || {{lang|ja|捌}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9 || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|九}} || {{lang|ja|玖}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10 || {{lang|ja|十}} || {{lang|ja|拾}} || {{lang|ja|拾}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100 || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|百}} || {{lang|ja|佰}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1000 || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|千}} || {{lang|ja|阡}}, {{lang|ja|仟}}
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10000 || {{lang|ja|万}} || {{lang|ja|万}}, {{lang|ja|萬}} || {{lang|ja|萬}}
|}

Četyre aktualnyh [[banknoty Japonskogo jena]], 1000-jen, 2000-jen, 5000-jen i 10000-jen imajut formalne čislovniky {{lang|ja|千}}, {{lang|ja|弐千}}, {{lang|ja|五千}} i {{lang|ja|壱万}}.

==V starojaponskom jezyku==
[[Starojaponsky jezyk]] imaje slovosbor čestično od staryh dob, i takože imaje unikalne čislovniky za čisla nad 10, ktore uže ne použivajit se, mimo slučajev něktoryh [[Leksema|leksem]].

Primětky:
* Transkripcija tut jest na osnově [[fonem]] i ne jest [[Fonetika|fonetična]]. Gledite članok o [[Starojaponsky jezyk|starojaponskom jezyku]] za vyše informacij.
* Gledite {{lang|en|[[Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai]]}} za informacije o notacijah s nižnim indeksom.

&lt;!--NOTE: Please do NOT change /h/ to /p/. The transcription is phonemic, not phonetic. While it must have been [p] at some time in the past, during the Old Japanese period it was [ɸ]. --&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Čislo
! Izgovor
! Priklady
! Primětky
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[wiktionary:一#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|pi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|一日}} {{lang|ojp|pi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;pi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (1 denj), {{lang|ojp|一年}} {{lang|ojp|pi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;se}} (1 god)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2
| [[wiktionary:二#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|futa}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|二夜}} {{lang|ojp|futayo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}} (2 noče)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3
| [[wiktionary:三#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;so&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (30)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[wiktionary:四#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|yo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;so&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (40), {{lang|ojp|四人}} {{lang|ojp|yo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;tari}} (4 ljudi)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5
| [[wiktionary:五#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|itu}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|五年}} {{lang|ojp|ituto&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;se}} (5 lět)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[wiktionary:六#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|mu}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|六爪}} {{lang|ojp|mutuma}} (6 klěšče)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7
| [[wiktionary:七#Noun|{{lang|ojp|nana}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|七瀬}} {{lang|ojp|nanase}} (mnogo bystryh)
| Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
| [[wiktionary:八#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ya}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|八雲}} {{lang|ojp|yakumo&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (mnogo oblakov)
| Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9
| [[wiktionary:九#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;no&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|九柱}} {{lang|ojp|ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;no&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;pasira}} (9 blagorodnyh / bogov)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[wiktionary:十#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}}]] / [[wiktionary:十#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;wo}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|十日}} {{lang|ojp|to&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;woka}} (10 dnjev)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[wiktionary:十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|so&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|三十}} {{lang|ojp|mi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;so&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (30), {{lang|ojp|四十}} {{lang|ojp|yo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;so&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (40), {{lang|ojp|六十}} {{lang|ojp|muso&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (60), {{lang|ojp|八十}} {{lang|ojp|yaso&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}} (80)
| Strěčaje se toliko v složityh slovah; ne koristaje se samo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[wiktionary:二十#Noun|{{lang|ojp|pata}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|二十}} {{lang|ojp|patati}} (20), {{lang|ojp|二十人}} {{lang|ojp|patatari}} (20 ljudij), {{lang|ojp|二十年}} {{lang|ojp|patato&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;se}} (20 lět)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[wiktionary:五十|{{lang|ojp|i}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|五十日}} {{lang|ojp|ika}} (50 dnjev)
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| [[wiktionary:百#Noun 2|{{lang|ojp|po}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|五百}} {{lang|ojp|ipo}} (500), {{lang|ojp|五百年}} {{lang|ojp|ipoto&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;se}} (500 lět), {{lang|ojp|五百夜}} {{lang|ojp|ipoyo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}} (500 nočev), {{lang|ojp|八百}} {{lang|ojp|yapo}} (800), {{lang|ojp|三百}} {{lang|ojp|mi&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;po}} (300), {{lang|ojp|六百}} {{lang|ojp|mupo}} (600), {{lang|ojp|九百}} {{lang|ojp|ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ko&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;no&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;po}} (900)
| Koristaje se za množne sotky v sostavnyh čislovnikah. Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| [[wiktionary:百#Noun 3|{{lang|ojp|mo&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;mo&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|百日}} {{lang|ojp|mo&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;mo&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;ka}} (mnogo dnjev)
| Koristaje se za nemnožne sotky i za čislo &quot;100&quot; sebe. Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1000
| [[wiktionary:千#Noun|{{lang|ojp|ti}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|千年}} {{lang|ojp|tito&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;se}} (1000 lět, mnogo dnjev)
| Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10000
| [[wiktionary:万#Noun|{{lang|ojp|yo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ro&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;du}}]]
| {{lang|ojp|八百万}} {{lang|ojp|yapoyo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ro&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;du}} (8000000, myriada)
| Često koristajut v značenju mnogo
|}

==Sčitanje na prstah==
Japonsky jezyl posluživaje se oddělnymi sistemami za sčitanje za sebe i za ukazyvanje čisel drugym, obědvě do deseti. Sčitanje načinajut s otvorjenoju dlanju, potom sčitajut do peti, sgybajuči prsty, počinajuči velikym palcem (ostalne sut rovne), ale četyti bude, kogda toliko maly prst jest rovny, a za pet bude pest. Potom sčitajut ješče do peti v obratnom slědu, otvarjajuči prsty, počinajuči tym malym – tako šest jest to samo kako četyri, sedm kako tri, i tako dalje, i dest končaje se otvorjenoju dlanju. Bez ogleda na to, že tuto prinosi nejednoznačnost, tuty sposob ne koristaje se za ukazyvanje čisel drugym i zato tuto obyčno ne jest problemom. Pri pokazyvanju sčeta drugym, načinajut s zatvorjenoj dlani, i odgybajut prstaý, počinajuči ukazovakom, dohodet do malogo prsta, i potom zakančivajut velikym palcem, kako to dělajut v Sjedinjenyh Štatah. Za ukazyvanje čisel nad petju, posluživajut se otvorjenoju dlanju (čto označaje pet) i prikladajut uměstno čislo prstov drugoj ruky ko dlani (dlanji soočajut se jedna drugoj) – tako, za šest ukazovakom se prikladaje k dlani i tako dalje.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm| title = Counting on one's fingers. About.com, Japanese Language, Namiko Abe| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120143955/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa112198.htm |archive-date = 2013-01-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da by pokazati deset, trěba pokazati obě dlanji otvorjenymi von.

== Zapisyvanje slov čislami ==
Ako byli prijete [[arabske cifry]], stalo se vyše i vyše obyčno posluživati se njimi za napisanje čisel. Sčetne i redne čislovniky sut tipično napisane arabskymi ciframi, kako {{nihongo|'''tri ljudi'''|3人|san-nin}}, {{nihongo|'''julij''', &quot;sedmy měsec&quot;|7月|shichigatsu}}, {{nihongo|'''v vozrastu 20 lět'''|20歳|hatachi}}, i t. d., hoti {{lang|ja|三人}}, {{lang|ja|七月}} i {{lang|ja|二十歳}} sut takože dopustime v pisanju (ale to jest menje obyčno). Dalje, čisla, ktore sut čestju leksem, sut tipično zapisyvane kandži. Napriměr, termin {{nihongo|'zeleninovy kiosk'|八百屋|yaoya}} prěkladaje se v &quot;magazin 800&quot;, s koristanjem starojaponskogo izgovora za 800, {{lang|ojp|ya(h)o}}. Izvěstna Japonska organizovana kriminalna spoločnost [[jakuza]], može byti zapisyvana kako {{lang|ja|八九三}} (ili 893), kombinacija v igrě {{lang|en|[[Oicho-Kabu|oicho-kabu]]}}, ktora stoji 0 punktov, ukazyvaje, že jakuza sut &quot;ničtožne ljudi&quot; ili &quot;ljudi hazarda&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yakuza.html |title=What is the origin of yakuza? |website=www.sljfaq.org |access-date=2016-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referencije ==
{{Iztočniky}}

==Vnješnje linky==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
* {{lang|ja|[http://www.moroo.com/uzokusou/misc/suumei/suumei.html 大数の名前について]}} (na japonskom jezyku)
* {{Cite web |url= http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html | title = Ancient Japanese number system| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829030749/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number/ancient_japanese.html |archive-date=2018-08-29}}
* [http://www.solosequenosenada.com/gramatica/japanese/Learn_Japanese_Numbers.php English exercises for learning Japanese numerals]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324035049/http://www.learnjapanesewordsandphrases.com/learnjapanesenumbers.html Audio to learn the pronunciation for Japanese numbers]
* [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/kanjinumbers.cgi Convert kanji numerals to arabic numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page)
* [http://www.sljfaq.org/cgi/numbers.cgi Convert arabic numerals to kanji numerals] (sci. lang. Japan FAQ page)
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Prěvod|en|Japanese numerals|}}
{{Prěvod|ru|Японские числительные|}}

[[Kategorija:Čisla]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Čislovniky]]

{{INTERWIKI|Q1337084}}</text>
      <sha1>ko1b17m4xhanvrjox9ma1x736ekatj8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japonske sčetne slova</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4781</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29337</id>
      <parentid>29030</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T08:57:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29337</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4002" sha1="orbuk4uj5z74ublklpj3zv2dgud70bt" xml:space="preserve">{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[Postfiks|postfiksami]] — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V standardnom [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskom jezyku]] prěd takovymi imennikami (''sok, dym'') ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut vpolno dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnikami japonskyh sčetnyh slov, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju anologijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje skota po glavah (&quot;20 glav skota&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V zastarělyh formah russkogo jezyka sut, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}</text>
      <sha1>orbuk4uj5z74ublklpj3zv2dgud70bt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29347</id>
      <parentid>29337</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T09:48:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilja isv</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29347</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4009" sha1="333rol05s1ksrfgo66mydbykjz3h53d" xml:space="preserve">{{-|''Under construction''}}

V [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]] [[Japonske čislovniky|čislovniky]], prědavajuče informaciju o čislu objektov, blizko vsegda koristajut se s [[postfiks]]ami — specialnymi služebnymi slovami, ktore se nazyvajut {{Nihongo|'''sčetne pomočne slova'''|助数詞|josūshi}}.

Podobna situacija jestvuje i v drugyh jezykah, ako li zajedno s [[Nečislime imenniky|nečislimymi imennikami]] ne može bezposrědno se koristati čislovnik. V věčšinstvu [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykov]] prěd takovymi imennikami ({{-|''sok, dym''}}) ne može byti čislovnik, hoti v molvě izrazy kako &quot;prosim, dva soky&quot; sut često dozvolime. Kolikost takyh prědmětov oprěděljajut s pomočju specialnyh slov, ktore odpovědajut něktoromu jih množstvu: «litr», «skljanka». Tute medžuslovjanske slova sut samostojne i zato ne sut ravnymi odpovědnostemi japonskym sčetnym slovam, ktore se koristaji podobno sufiksam, hoti v něktoryh slučajah rěčenja budujut se identično, napriměr {{Nihongo|コーヒーを一杯お願いします|''kōhī-o ippai onegaishimasu''}} — časku kavy, laskavo prosim.

Drugoju nepremoju analogijeju može služiti izkoristanje specialnyh slov za sčitanje oprěděljennogo roda objektov, kako, napriměr sčitanje krav i bykov po glavam (&quot;20 glav&quot; vměsto &quot;20 krav i bykov&quot;). V bylyh formah russkogo jezyka, napriměr, sčitali odrězy platna v štukah (&quot;{{-|три штуки парчи}}&quot; vměsto &quot;{{-|три отреза}}&quot; ili &quot;{{-|три рулона}}&quot;), i tako dalje.

== Kako prěvoditi na slovjanske jezyky ==
Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, jest možlivo razděliti na tri grupy zavisno na tom, kako se oni prěvodet na slovjanske jezyky.

# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova kako jedinice měrjenja (časa, temperatury) ili označajuče objekty (ostrov, krajina, etaž i t.p.), obyčno prěkladjut s koristanjem slova v roditelniku (&quot;jest posětil tri krajiny&quot;, &quot;temperatura jest 16 stupnjev&quot;, &quot;on imaje 20 lět&quot;), [[Redny čisovnik|rednogo čisovnika]] &quot;pety etaž&quot;, či so stvarjanjem složitogo pridavnika (&quot;sedmilěto děte&quot;, &quot;petiminutna pauza&quot;, &quot;trietažny budinok&quot;). Govoritelje slovjanskyh jezykov mogut daže ne pojmati tute služebne slova kako osoblivu črtu japonskogo jezyka, zatože jihno koristanje jest blizko k odpovědajučim konstrukcijam v jihnom rodnom jezyku.
# Konstrukcije, imajuče sčetne slova, koristane zajedno s nečislimymi imennikami, takože izgledajut za govoriteljev slovjanskyh jezykov prirodno. V molve věčšinstva slovjanskyh jezykov jest dozvoljeno govoriti &quot;dajte prosim tri mlěka i dva soka», ale v gramotnoj rěči v pismu jest trěbno utočnjenje, napriměr, &quot;tri butylky mlěka i dvě opakovky soka&quot;. Zato japonske sčetne slova prěkladajut se na slovjanske jezyky prirodnym obrazom (&quot;dva svitky tapet&quot;, &quot;čaška čaja&quot;).
# Najvyše složite za razuměnje sut konstrukcije, v ktoryh sčetne slova koristajut zajedno s čislimymi imennikami. Napriměr, izraz &quot;rodina imaje tri děteta&quot; na japonskom jezyku bude sodrživati ne jedino slovo &quot;děte&quot;, ale i sčetno slovo za sčitanje osob: &quot;rodina imaje tri osoby dětij&quot;. Podobno, ne jest možno rěkti &quot;ja jesm kupil tri jabloky&quot; ale jest obvezno izkoristati sčetno slovo za sčitanje malyh prědmětov: &quot;ja jesm kupil jablok tri kusy&quot;. V věčšinstvu inyh slučajev tute japonske konstrukcije sovsěm ne jest možno točno prědati na slovjanske jezyky s koristanjem sčetnogo slova.

== Primětky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |title       = Счётные суффиксы
 |lang        = ru
 |access-date  = 2010-12-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114103605/http://nippon.temerov.org/gramat.php?pad=counter
 |archive-date = 2011-01-14
 |url-status    = dead
}}

{{Prěvod|ru|Японские счётные суффиксы}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]
[[Kategorija:Japonsky jezyk]]
{{INTERWIKI|Q2116774}}</text>
      <sha1>333rol05s1ksrfgo66mydbykjz3h53d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Šablon:Kodovanje</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4812</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29307</id>
      <parentid>29224</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T13:37:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>29307</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4338" sha1="mihmgz591fc0ko5glg55mxkox7mp5fl" xml:space="preserve">{| class=wikitable style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! colspan=2 | Kodovan‌je
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{1-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{2-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{3-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{4-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{5-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{6-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{7-znak}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
! colspan=2 | Nazva v [[Unikod|Unikodu]]
{{!}} {{-|{{{1-nazva}}}}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{2-nazva|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{3-nazva|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{4-nazva|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{5-nazva|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{6-nazva|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{7-nazva|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
! rowspan=2 | Unikod !! šestnadseterična sistema
{{!}} {{-|U+{{{1-sist16}}}}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{2-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{2-sist16|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{3-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{3-sist16|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{4-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{4-sist16|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{5-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{5-sist16|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{6-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{6-sist16|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{7-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{7-sist16|}}}}} | }}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
! deseterična sistema
{{!}} {{-|{{{1-sist10}}}}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{2-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{2-sist10|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{3-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{3-sist10|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{4-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{4-sist10|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{5-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{5-sist10|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{6-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{6-sist10|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{7-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{7-sist10|}}}}} | }}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
! rowspan={{#if:{{{1-alf|}}} | 3 | 2}} | {{-|HTML}} !! šestnadseterična sistema
{{!}} {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{1-sist16|}}};}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{2-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{2-sist16|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{3-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{3-sist16|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{4-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{4-sist16|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{5-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{5-sist16|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{6-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{6-sist16|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{7-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{7-sist16|}}};}} | }}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
! deseterična sistema
{{!}} {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{1-sist10|}}};}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{2-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{2-sist10|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{3-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{3-sist10|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{4-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{4-sist10|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{5-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{5-sist10|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{6-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{6-sist10|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{7-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{7-sist10|}}};}} | }}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
{{#if:{{{1-alf|}}} |
! alfabetična sistema
{{!}} {{-|&amp;amp;{{{1-alf|}}};}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{2-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{2-alf|}}};}} | —}}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{3-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{3-alf|}}};}} | —}}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{4-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{4-alf|}}};}} | —}}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{5-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{5-alf|}}};}} | —}}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{6-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{6-alf|}}};}} | —}}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{7-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{7-alf|}}};}} | —}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
}}
! colspan=2 | {{-|UTF-8}}
{{!}} {{-|{{{1-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{2-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{3-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{4-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{5-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{6-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{7-utf8|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Kategorija:Šablony]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mihmgz591fc0ko5glg55mxkox7mp5fl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>29321</id>
      <parentid>29307</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-19T23:21:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29321</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4940" sha1="9j952rfkhcoy09y37nqgyvp6qz95hzv" xml:space="preserve">{| class=wikitable style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! colspan=2 | Kodovan‌je
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{1-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{2-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{3-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{4-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{5-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{6-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{7-znak}}}}}
{{#if:{{{8-znak|}}} |
! style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot; {{!}} {{-|{{{8-znak}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
! colspan=2 | Nazva v [[Unikod|Unikodu]]
{{!}} {{-|{{{1-nazva}}}}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{2-nazva|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{3-nazva|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{4-nazva|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{5-nazva|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{6-nazva|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{7-nazva|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{8-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{8-nazva|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
! rowspan=2 | Unikod !! šestnadseterična sistema
{{!}} {{-|U+{{{1-sist16}}}}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{2-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{2-sist16|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{3-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{3-sist16|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{4-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{4-sist16|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{5-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{5-sist16|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{6-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{6-sist16|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{7-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{7-sist16|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{8-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{8-sist16|}}} | {{-|U+{{{8-sist16|}}}}} | }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
! deseterična sistema
{{!}} {{-|{{{1-sist10}}}}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{2-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{2-sist10|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{3-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{3-sist10|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{4-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{4-sist10|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{5-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{5-sist10|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{6-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{6-sist10|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{7-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{7-sist10|}}}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{8-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{8-sist10|}}} | {{-|{{{8-sist10|}}}}} | }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
! rowspan={{#if:{{{1-alf|}}} | 3 | 2}} | {{-|HTML}} !! šestnadseterična sistema
{{!}} {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{1-sist16|}}};}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{2-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{2-sist16|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{3-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{3-sist16|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{4-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{4-sist16|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{5-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{5-sist16|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{6-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{6-sist16|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{7-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{7-sist16|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{8-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{8-sist16|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#x{{{8-sist16|}}};}} | }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
! deseterična sistema
{{!}} {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{1-sist10|}}};}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{2-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{2-sist10|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{3-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{3-sist10|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{4-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{4-sist10|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{5-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{5-sist10|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{6-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{6-sist10|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{7-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{7-sist10|}}};}} | }}
{{#if:{{{8-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{8-sist10|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;#{{{8-sist10|}}};}} | }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
{{#if:{{{1-alf|}}} |
! alfabetična sistema
{{!}} {{-|&amp;amp;{{{1-alf|}}};}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{2-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{2-alf|}}};}} | —}}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{3-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{3-alf|}}};}} | —}}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{4-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{4-alf|}}};}} | —}}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{5-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{5-alf|}}};}} | —}}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{6-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{6-alf|}}};}} | —}}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{7-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{7-alf|}}};}} | —}}
{{#if:{{{8-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{8-alf|}}} | {{-|&amp;amp;{{{8-alf|}}};}} | —}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!-}}
}}
! colspan=2 | {{-|UTF-8}}
{{!}} {{-|{{{1-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{2-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{2-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{3-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{3-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{4-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{4-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{5-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{5-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{6-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{6-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{7-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{7-utf8|}}}}}
{{#if:{{{8-znak|}}} |
{{!}} {{-|{{{8-utf8|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Kategorija:Šablony]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9j952rfkhcoy09y37nqgyvp6qz95hzv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Toki pona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4815</id>
    <redirect title="Toki-Pona" />
    <revision>
      <id>29327</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T07:42:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jan Majan - Wije</username>
        <id>520</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Prěnapravjenje stranice na [[Toki-Pona]]</comment>
      <origin>29327</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23" sha1="0ybuik4unybwgj6byldlqep232ihc3d" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Toki-Pona]]</text>
      <sha1>0ybuik4unybwgj6byldlqep232ihc3d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Besěda s koristnikom:Jan Majan - Wije</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>4816</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29328</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T08:19:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dobrodošli! */ nova sekcija</comment>
      <origin>29328</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="139" sha1="3njqi4b2zlzykjk811v73qvcl3hbvqm" xml:space="preserve">== Dobrodošli! ==

{{Dobrodošli}}&lt;br /&gt;And say hello the Toki Pona community! :-) {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:19, 20 julij 2026 (CEST)</text>
      <sha1>3njqi4b2zlzykjk811v73qvcl3hbvqm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Besěda:Ѹ</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>4817</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29343</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-20T09:27:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MwGamera</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kodovan‌je i nadpis članka */ nova sekcija</comment>
      <origin>29343</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="609" sha1="sc91wz8536273sob84cj0u6rert45j5" xml:space="preserve">== Kodovan‌je i nadpis članka ==

Unikod rekomenduje izběgan‌je {{-|U+0479 ⟨⁠ѹ⁠⟩}} i kodovan‌je horizontalnoj formy toj litery kako {{-|&amp;lt;U+043E U+0443&amp;gt; ⟨⁠оу⁠⟩}} (uvidi glavu {{lang|en|7.4. Cyrillic}}). Znak {{-|U+0479}} trěba spomněti v sekciji ''Kodovan‌je'', ale jestli članok jest o bukvě, a ne o znaku Unikodu, to ne taki povinen byti nadpis.  &lt;span style=&quot;text-transform:lowercase;font-synthesis:none;display:inline-block&quot;&gt;--[[User:MwGamera|Mw&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant:petite-caps&quot;&gt;G&lt;/span&gt;amera]]&lt;/span&gt; ([[User talk:MwGamera|besěda]]) 11:27, 20 julij 2026 (CEST)</text>
      <sha1>sc91wz8536273sob84cj0u6rert45j5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>