Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.2 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 20669 1748914 1703161 2026-05-13T12:29:17Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748914 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:L'aquila03.jpg|thumb|200px|Pojok kutha L'Aquila]] [[File:Coat of Arms of L'Aquila, Italy.svg|thumb]] '''L'Aquila''' iku jeneng [[kutha]] ing [[Italia]]. Dunungé ing pérangan wétan, ya iku ing Region [[Abruzzo]], [[Provinsi L'Aquila]], [[Italia]]. Ana ing taun [[2005]], kutha iki sing ndunungi 71.989 jiwa ([[2005]]) lan jembar wewengkon 466,87&nbsp;km². Kutha iki minangka [[kutha krajan]] Region [[Abruzzo]]. == Kutha kembar == L'Aquila duwé kembaran: * [[Rottweil]], [[Jerman]] * [[York, Ontario|York]], [[Kanada]] * [[Cuenca, Spanyol|Cuenca]], [[Spanyol]] * [[Hobart]], [[Australia]] * [[Zielona Gora]], [[Polen]] * [[Bernalda]], [[Italia]] * [[Bistriţa]], [[Rumania]] * [[Baalbeck]], [[Libanon]] == Pranala njaba == {{commons|L'Aquila}} * [http://www.inside-abruzzo.com/ Jroning Abruzzo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522173112/http://inside-abruzzo.com/ |date=2019-05-22 }} * [http://www.comune.laquila.it Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826020235/http://www.comune.laquila.it/ |date=2010-08-26 }} * [http://www.laquila.com Portal L'Aquila] * [http://www.ilgransasso.com ''Big Stone GRAN SASSO d'ITALIA''] * [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/58f3263e-251a-11dc-bf47-000b5df10621.html Panggonan Beruang lan Benteng, ''The Financial Times'' (29 Juni [[2007]])] * [http://www.globopix.net/fotografie/laquila_1.html Galeri Gambar] <!--PLEASE DON'T REMOVED. IT'S NOT SPAM. ADDED PER AGREEMENT TO USE IMAGE OF SANTA MARIA DI COLLEMAGGIO IN THE DEDICATED ENTRY.--> * [news:italia.laquila.discussioni newsgroup <italia.laquila.discussioni>] * [http://www.laquilarugby.it L'Aquila Rugby] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507215841/http://www.laquilarugby.it/ |date=2015-05-07 }} * [http://www.anitalyattraction.com/italy-attractions-il/l-aquila.html Turisme ing L'Aquila] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025050152/http://www.anitalyattraction.com/italy-attractions-il/l-aquila.html |date=2008-10-25 }} * [http://www.laquilahotel.it/content/laquila/la_citta_laquila.asp?lang=en Turistical and historical informations about L'Aquila, Abruzzo] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Abruzzo]] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Itali]] [[Kategori:Itali]] {{geo-stub}} 6s4kyq18cqjqsazr9oyaye1cqv7t4u3 0 22013 1748955 1719887 2026-05-14T10:02:01Z Meursault2004 3 + 1 1748955 wikitext text/x-wiki <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px"> <caption><font size="+1">'''Cymru'''{{br}}'''Wales'''</font></caption> <tr><td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr><td align="center" width="180px">[[Gambar:Royal Badge of Wales (2008-2024).svg|170px]]</td> <td align="center" width="180px">[[Gambar:Flag of Wales (1959).svg|120px]]</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">Lambang Wales</td> <td align="center" width="140px">[[Gendéra Wales]]</td></tr> </table></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1">[[Sesanti]]: "Y ddraig Goch ddyry cychwyn" {{br}} (Basa Wales) "The Red Dragon Inspires Action" (Basa Inggris): "Sang Naga Abang ngilhami Tindakan"</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2>[[Gambar:Map of Wales within the United Kingdom.png|200px]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Basa Resmi]]:</td><td>[[Basa Inggris]] dan [[Basa Wales]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Kutha krajan]]:</td><td>[[Cardiff]] / Caerdydd</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Nayakotama]]:</td><td>[[Mark Drakeford]] AM</td></tr> <tr><td>Wewengkon{{br}}&nbsp;- Total: {{br}}&nbsp;- % Air:</td><td>Urutan ke 3 di Britania Raya{{br}} 20,779&nbsp;km<sup>2<sup>{{br}} xx% </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Penduduk]] {{br}}&nbsp;- Total ([[2001]]): {{br}}&nbsp;- Kepadatan: </td><td>Kepadatan urutan ke 3 di Britania Raya{{br}} 2,903,085 {{br}} 140/km<sup>2<sup> </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Mata uang]]:</td><td>[[Pound sterling]] (£) (GBP)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Zona Waktu]]:</td><td>[[WET]] ([[UTC]])</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Lagu Kebangsaan]]:</td><td>Hen Wlad fy Nhadau</td></tr> </table> '''Wiles'''<ref>https://www.sastra.org/koran-majalah-dan-jurnal/pusaka-jawi/2538-pusaka-jawi-java-instituut-1931-02-388</ref> utawa '''Wales''' ([[basa Wales]]: ''Cymru'') iku siji praja [[Britania Raya]] utawa ing [[basa Inggris]] diarani ''home nation''. Sing ndunungi kira-kira ana 3 yuta jiwa (miturut sènsus taun 2001 2.903.085 jiwa). [[File:Cynhadledd i'r Wasg Press Conference 14.05.21.jpg|thumb|left|Senedd Cymru]] == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Deleng uga == * [[Tywyn]] [[Kategori:Karajan Manunggal]] [[Kategori:Éropah]] nv44e26ne9k6z44ub5e8b7gbmiw0lxx 0 22693 1748938 1741411 2026-05-14T00:55:59Z CommonsDelinker 319 Replacing FNL_Flag.svg with [[File:Flag_of_the_National_Liberation_Front_of_South_Vietnam,_Flag_of_South_Vietnam_(1975–1976).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningl 1748938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Military Conflict |conflict=Perang Viètnam |partof=[[Perang Dingin]] |image= |caption=Désa Viet Cong sawisé diserang. |date= 1957 – April 30, 1975 |place=[[Asia Kidul-Wétan]] |casus= |territory=Manunggalé Viètnam. |result=Kamenangan kolosal Républik Dhémokratik Viètnam |combatant1=[[Gambar:Flag of South Vietnam.svg|22px]] [[Républik Viètnam]]<br />{{USA}}<br />{{KOR}}<br />{{THA}}<br />{{AUS}}<br />{{NZL}}<br />{{PHI}} |combatant2=[[Gambar:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg|22px]] [[Républik Dhémokratik Viètnam]]<br />[[Gambar:Flag of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam, Flag of South Vietnam (1975–1976).svg|22px]] [[Front Nasional Kamardikan Viètnam Kidul]]<br />{{CHN}}<br />{{PRK}} |strength1=~1.200.000 (1968) |strength2=~520.000 (1968) |casualties1=[[Gambar:Flag of South Vietnam.svg|22px]] RV<br /> mati: 230.000<br /> cidra: 300.000<br />{{USA}}<br /> mati: 58.209<br />cidra: 153.303<br />{{KOR}}<br /> mati: 5.000<br />cidra: 11.000<br />{{AUS}}<br /> mati: 520<br /> |casualties2=[[Gambar:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg|22px]] [[Gambar:Flag of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam, Flag of South Vietnam (1975–1976).svg|22px]] RDV/FNKV<br /> mati: 600.000<br /> cidra: 600.000 <br />{{CHN}}<br /> mati: 1.100<br />cidra: 4.200<br /> |casualties3='''Sipil (warga Viètnam)''': 1.000.000 }} '''Perang Viètnam''', uga karan '''Perang Indochina Kapindho''', ya iku [[perang]] kang dumadi antarané taun [[1957]] lan taun [[1975]] ing [[Viètnam]]. Perang iki wujud péranganing [[Perang Dingin]]. Rong kubu kang perang ya iku Républik Viètnam (Viètnam Kidul) lan Républik Dhémokratik Viètnam (Viètnam Lor). [[Amérika Sarékat]], [[Koréa Kidul]], [[Thailand]], [[Australia]], [[Niu Selan]] lan [[Filipina]] sekuton kaliyan Viètnam Kidul, éwadéné [[USSR]] lan [[RRT|Tiongkok]] njurung Viètnam Lor kang wujud nagara [[kuminisme|kuminis]]. Cacahing kurban kang mati diprakiraaké 280.000 ing pihak Kidul lan 1.000.000 ing pihak Lor. Perang iki njalari [[eksodus]] gedhé-gedhéan warga Viètnam nuju nagara liya, mligi [[Amérika Sarékat]], [[Australia]] lan nagara-nagara Kulon liyané, saéngga ing nagara-nagara mau bisa tinemu komunitas Viètnam kang cukup gedhé. Sawisé perang iki rampung, kaloro Viètnam mau manunggal taun [[1976]]. Salah siji kurban paling misuwur saka Perang Viètnam ya iku [[Kim Phuc]] == Latar wuri == Viètnam dijajah déning [[Tiongkok]] wiwit taun [[110 SM]] nganti mardika taun [[938]]. Sawisé bébas saka wewengkon panjajahan Tiongkok, Viètnam ora mandheg nentang serangan pihak asing. Ing abad kaping 19, Viètnam dadi wewengkon jajahan [[Prancis]]. Prancis nguwasani Viètnam sawisé nglakoni sapérangan perang kolonial ing [[Indochina]] wiwit saka taun 1840-an. Ekspansi kakuwasaan Prancis amarga pepénginan kanggo nyaingi kabangkitan [[Britania Raya]] lan kabutuhan kanggo ngèntuki asil bumi kaya bumbon crakèn kanggo nggerakaké indhustri ing Prancis kanggo nyaingi panguwasan indhustri Britania Raya. Samngsa papréntahan Prancis, golongan rakyat Viètnam diobong semangat [[nasionalisme]] lan péngin [[kamardikan]] saka Prancis. Sapérangan pambrontakan dilakokaké déning akèh golongan-golongan [[nasionalisme|nasionalis]], nanging upaya iku gagal. Ing taun [[1919]], samangsa [[Prajanjèn Versailles]] dirundhingaké, [[Ho Chi Minh]] njaluk bebarengan nggawé perundhingan supaya Viètnam bisa mardika. Panjalukké ditolak lan Viètnam sarta kabèh [[Indochina]] terus dadi jajahan Prancis. Golongan [[Viet Minh]] pungkasané olèh panyengkuyung populér lan kasil ngusir Prancis saka Viètnam. Sakwéné [[Perang Donya II]], Viètnam dikuwasani déning [[Jepang]]. Pamaréntah [[Prancis Vichy]] bekerjasama kaliyan Jepang lan ngeteraké bala nuju Indochina minangka wadyabala kang kuwasa kanthi ''de facto'' ing kawasan mau. Pamaréntah Perancis Vichy tetep nglakokaké papréntahan kaya biyasa nganti taun [[1944]] nalika Perancis Vichy tiba sawisé bala sekuthu naklukaké Prancis lan jendral [[Charles de Gaulle]] diangkat minangka pamimpin Prancis. Sawisé pamaréntah Perancis Vichy ambruk, pamaréntah Jepang nggalakaké kebangkitan perobahan nasionalis ing kalangan rakyat Viètnam. Ing pungkasané Perang Donya II, Viètnam diwènèhi kamardikan déning pihak Jepang. Ho Chí Minh bali manèh ing Viètnam kanggé mbébasaken nagarané supaya ora dijajah déning kakuwasaan asing. Panjenengané nampa bantuan golongan OSS (kang bakal malih dadi [[CIA]] mengkoné). Ing pungkasané Perang Dunia II, perobahan [[Viet Minh]] sangisoré pimpinan Ho Chí Minh kasil mbébaskan Viètnam saka tangan panjajah, nanging mangsané mung singkat. Pihak Jepang nyekel pamaréntah Prancis lan mènèhi Viètnam sawijining wujud “kamardikan” minangka sabagéan saka rancangan Jepang kanggo "mbébasaké" bumi [[Asia]] saka panjajahan kulon. Akèh yasan dipasrahaké dhateng golongan-golongan [[nasionalis]]. Nalika Prancis nyoba ngrebut manèh kakuwasan sawisé Jepang takluk, Prancis dilawan déning wadyabala Viètnam ya iku Vietminh. Vietminh diadegaké ing taun 1941 déning parté kuminis lan dibawahi [[Ho Chi Minh|Hồ Chí Minh]]. Ing sasi Juli 1954, Prancis lan Vietminh napak astani [[Pasetujon damai Jenewa]]. Vietminh dadi pamaréntah Viètnam Lor lan golongan Viètnam kang anti kuminis, mligi kaum katulik, "nglompok" ing kidul dibawahi Bao Dai, tilas kaisar Viètnam kang wis dicopot ing taun 1945. Amérika Sarékat njurung papréntahan anti-kuminis ing Viètnam Kidul, lan wiwit ngirim penasihat militèr kanggo mbiyantu nglatih lan njurung wadyabala Viètnam Kidul. Viètnam Kidul wiwit merangi [[Viet Cong]] ing taun 1957. Ing taun1959, Viètnam Lor kanthi gedhèn-gedhènan mbantu Vietcong, lan wiwit nyerang ékan-ékan militèr Viètnam Kidul. <!-- == Escalation == The U.S. responded by sending more assistance to South Viètnam and also sent soldiers as military advisors. But Soviet support for North Viètnam also increased and the communists forces in the South continued to grow stronger. In 1965, the first United States combat troops entered Viètnam. There would be half a million of them by 1968. [[File:F-4 Phantom II in flying.jpg|thumb|thumb|An [[F-4 Phantom II]] drops bombs in Viètnam]] Land battles were fought throughout South Viètnam. Thousands of North Viètnamese Army troops were sent to fight in South Viètnam. There were also thousands of communist soldiers from South Viètnam called Vietcong. Because of this it was often hard for American and South Viètnamese troops to tell friendly civilians from dangerous ones. A tragic example of this mistrust was the My Lai Massacre in March 1968, in which U.S. Army troops killed hundreds of people in a South Viètnamese village. The large number of communist fighters throughout the country meant that American bases were often attacked. In February 1968, Vietcong massacred thousands of South Viètnamese civilians in the city of Hue. The North Viètnamese and Vietcong were supplied by a vast network of hidden trails, known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Supplies and soldiers from North Viètnam were sent through Laos to communists forces in South Viètnam. America subjected to Ho Chi Minh Trail to extremely heavy bombing and three million bombs were dropped on Laos. Severe communist loses during the 1968 [[Tet Offensive]] made it possible for the U.S. to withdraw many soldiers, a policy called "Viètnamization." South Viètnamese troops were trained and equipped to replace the Americans who left. By 1973, 95 percent of the American troops were gone. A peace treaty was signed in Paris in January 1973 by all the parties, but fighting continued. == End of U.S involvement and end of the war == Due the huge number of battles and soldiers lost by the U.S., public support declined. In June 1973, the U.S. Congress passed legislation banning further U.S. military involvement in Viètnam. This left the communists free to upgrade the Ho Chi Minh Trail and move supplies south without fear of further U.S. bombing. America sent less and less money and weaponry to South Viètnam. South Viètnam continued to fight by itself. North Viètnam launched a massive military attack on South Viètnam in March 1975. The North Viètnamese forces easily defeated the demoralized army of South Viètnam. On April 30, the communists captured Saigon, the capital. North and South Viètnam became a single country again in [[1976]] called the Socialist Republic of Viètnam. == Aftermath == The communists punished possibly 1 million Viètnamese who had opposed by sending them to "reeducation camps." About 165,000 died in these camps. Many South Viètnamese fled and became "boat people." The United States accepted 823,000 of these while Canada and Australia accepted 137,000 each. The Viètnam War caused a lot of controversy in the United States. A large scale peace movement demonstrated against the war and [[conscription]]. Some student protestors were even killed for protesting. Many people felt like they were lied to by the United States government about Viètnam due to cover ups about bombings in [[Cambodia]] and [[Laos]] and the killing of Viètnamese civilians like that of the [[My Lai Massacre]]. The United States used chemical agents such as [[Agent Orange]] to destroy crops and jungle areas. The effects of these chemical agents are still felt today in Viètnam. Somewhere between 2 and 5.7 million people died in the war. Between 365,000 and 587,000 civilians died. Around 58,000 American troops died. --> == Sapérangan prastawa == * [[9 Fèbruari]] [[1965]]-Pasukan kombat [[AS]] sepisanan dikirim menyang [[Viètnam Kidul]]. * [[30 Januari]] [[1968]]-[[Serangan Tet]] * [[5 Fèbruari]] [[1968]]-[[Peperangan Khe Sanh]] diwiwiti. * [[11 Fèbruari]] [[1973]]-[[Tahanan perang]] [[AS]] sepisanan dibébasaké déning [[Viet Cong]]. * [[27 Fèbruari]] [[1973]]-[[Persetujuan Damai Paris]] kanthi resmi mungkasi Perang Viètnam. * [[29 Maret]] [[1973]]-Pasukan pungkasan [[Amérika Sarékat]] ninggal [[Viètnam Kidul]]. == Pranala njaba == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3798581.stm The herbicide Agent Orange has left a lasting legacy on Viètnam] * [http://www.Viètnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/ Virtual Viètnam Archive]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}-Texas Tech University * [http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/history/marshall/military/Viètnam/short.history/chap_28.txt The U.S. Army in Viètnam] the official history of the United States Army * [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/Viètnam/timeline/ Viètnam war timeline]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} comprehensive timeline of the Viètnam War * [http://www.globalissues.org/article/402/médhia-propaganda-and-Viètnam War, propaganda, and the médhia: Viètnam] * [http://www.gisearch.com/ Viètnam Casualties database searchable by first name, last name and location] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812102745/http://www.gisearch.com/ |date=2012-08-12 }} * [http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldViètnam/history/index.html Battlefield Viètnam]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} PBS interactive site * [http://tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/Viètnam.html Viètnam War Bibliography]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} covers online and published resources * [http://www.rjsmith.com/kia_tbl.html Casualties - U.S. vs NVA/VC] * [http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/Viètnam/Viètnamization/default.aspx The Effects of Viètnamization on the Republic of Viètnam's Armed Forces, 1969–1972]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/pacificaviet/ UC Berkeley Library Social Activism Sound Recording Project: Anti-Viètnam War Protests] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703102427/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/pacificaviet/ |date=2023-07-03 }} * [http://www.gettysburg.edu/special_collections/collections/manuscripts/collections/ms044.dot Stephen H. Warner Southeast Asia Photograph Collection at Gettysburg College] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024150216/http://www.gettysburg.edu/special_collections/collections/manuscripts/collections/ms044.dot |date=2012-10-24 }} * [http://www.americanethnography.com/september2008.php American Ethnography – On collecting engraved Zippos from the Viètnam War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926051203/http://www.americanethnography.com/september2008.php |date=2008-09-26 }} * [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/Viètnam.htm Documents Relating to American Foreign Policy-Viètnam]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} primary sources on U.S. involvement * [http://www.historycommons.org/timeline.jsp?timeline=Viètnam Timeline US - Viètnam (1947-2001)]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in Open-Content project [http://www.historycommons.org/project.jsp?project=US_interventions_project History of US Interventions], by Derek, Mitchell * [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent1.html Complete text of the Gravel Edition of the Pentagon Papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818075800/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent1.html |date=2018-08-18 }} with supporting documents, maps, and photos * [http://www.vietfederation.ca/30-4-00/TonThatThien.htm Sober thoughts on 30 April : The South Viètnam Liberation Front and Hanoi, Myth and Reality] Speech by the former Minister of Information of the Republic of Viètnam. [[Kategori:Perang]] [[Kategori:Perang Viètnam| ]] {{militèr-stub}} ggxf2tof5njvwdsqx4npkcbh1upafpi 0 23184 1748920 1737623 2026-05-13T14:05:03Z Ierofeyui 71201 typo 1748920 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Periodic table.svg|450px|jmpl|ka| [[Tabel periodik]] unsur kimia]] '''Bebakal kimia''', '''unsur kimia''', utawa mung ingaran '''unsur''', yaiku [[zat kimia]] kang ora bisa dipérang manèh dadi zat kang luwih cilik, utawa ora bisa diowahi dadi zat kimia liya kanthi migunakaké métode kimia biyasa.<ref name="internet1">[http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/chemistry/2314694-pengertian-unsur-kimia/ Pengertian Unsur Kimia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525042656/http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/chemistry/2314694-pengertian-unsur-kimia/ |date=2013-05-25 }}(diundhuh 16 Januari 2013)</ref> Partikel paling cilik saka unsur yaiku [[atom]].<ref name="internet1"/> Sawijining atom dumadi saka [[inti atom]] (''nukleus'') lan dikubengi déning [[èlèktron]].<ref name="internet1"/> Inti atom dumadi saka sawatara [[proton]] lan [[neutron]].<ref name="internet1"/> Nganti saiki diweruhi ana 116 unsur ing donya.<ref name="internet1"/> == Gambaran umum == Bab kang mbédakaké unsur siji lan sijiné yaiku '''cacahing proton''' sajeroning inti atom mau. Upamané, kabèh atom [[karbon]] duwé proton akèhé 6 iji, déné atom [[oksigèn]] duwé proton akèhé 8 iji. Cacahing proton ing siji atom misuwur kanthi istilah [[nomer atom]] (dilambangaké ''Z''). Sanajan mangkono, atom-atom ing unsur kang padha mau bisa duwé neutron kang béda; bab iki misuwur kanthi sebutan [[isotop]]. [[Massa atom]] siji unsur (dilambangaké "A") iku massa rata-rata atom siji unsur ing alam. Amarga massa èlèktron iku cilik banget, lan massa neutron mèh padha karo massa proton, banjur massa atom lumrahé dinyatakaké kanthi cacahing proton lan neutron ing inti atom, ing isotop kang duwèni kelimpahan paling akèh ing alam. Ukuran massa atom yaiku ''[[ékan massa atom]]'' (smu). Sawetara isotop duwé sipat [[radioaktif]], lan ngalami penguraian (peluruhan) marang radhiasi partikel alfa utawa beta. Unsur kang paling èntheng yaiku [[hidrogen]] lan [[hélium]]. Hidrogen dipracaya minangka unsur kang ana sepisanan ing jagad raya sawisé kadadéan [[Big Bang]]. Kabèh unsur-unsur abot kanthi alami kawentuk lumantar manéka warna cara ([[nukleosintesis]]). Nganti taun [[2005]], dingertèni ana 116 unsur, 93 ing antarané ana ing alam lan 23 unsur minangka unsur gawéan. Unsur gawéan kang sepisanan diprakirakaké yaiku [[teknetium]] ing taun [[1973]]. Kabèh unsur gawéan minangka [[radioaktif]] kanthi wektu paruh kang sedhéla, saéngga atom-atom mau kang kawentuk kanthi cara alami kayané wis ngumbar. Pratélan unsur bisa diandharaké miturut jeneng, simbul, nomer atom, utawa miturut unsur kang nduwé sipat-sipat kimia kang padha. == Nomenklatur == Cara njenengi unsur wis suwé ana sadurungé ana téyori atom siji zat. Sanadyan ing wektu iku durung dingertèni kang endi kang jenengé unsur lan endi kang jenengé senyawa. Nalika téyori atom ngrembaka, jeneng-jeneng unsur kang wis digunakaké ing jaman biyèn tetep digunakaké. Tuladhané, unsur '''Cuprum''' ing basa [[Inggris]] dingertèni kanthi jeneng ''copper'', lan ing basa [[Indonésia]] dingertèni kanthi aran ''tembaga''. Tuladha liyané, ing basa [[Jerman]] ''Wassertoff'' tegesé '''Hidrogen''', lan ''Sauertoff'' tegesé '''oksigèn''' Jeneng resmi saka unsur kimia ditemtokaké déning [[organisasi]] [[IUPAC]]. Miturut IUPAC, jeneng unsur ora diwiwiti kanthi hurufkapital, kajaba ana ing wiwitan [[ukara]]. Ing saparo [[abad]] kaping 20, akèh [[laboratorium]] kang bisa nyiptakaké unsur anyar kang duwé tingkat peluruhan kang cukup dhuwur kanggo didol utawa disimpen. Jeneng-jeneng unsur anyar iki uga dikukuhaké déning IUPAC lan padatan njupuk jenengkang dipilih déning panemu unsur mau. Babagan iki bisa nuwuhaké ''kontroversi'' grup risèt kang asli nemu unsur mau lan njenengi unsur kang ditunda ing wektu kang suwé. <!-- Precursors of such controversies involved the nationalistic namings of elements in the late nineteenth century (''e.g.,'' as "lutetium" refers to Paris, France, the Germans were reticent about relinquishing naming rights to the French, often calling it "cassiopeium"). And notably, the British discoverer of "niobium" originally named it "columbium," after the [[New World]], though this did not catch on in Europe. The Americans had to accept the international name just when it was becoming an economically important material late in the twentieth century. --> == Lambang kimia == Sadurungé kimia dadi babagan èlmu, ahli alkemi wis nemtokaké simbul-simbul kanggo [[logam]] utawa senyawa umu liyané, yaiku nggunakaké singkatan ing diagram utawa ''prosedhur'' lan tanpa ''konsèp'' babagan sawijiné atom kang nyawiji kanggo minangka molekul. Kanthi perkembangan téyori zat, [[John dalton]] nepungaké simbul-simbool kang luwih prasaja miturut bunderan kang kanggo nggambar molekul. Sistem kang saiki digunakaké ditepungaké déning [[Jöns Jakob Berzelius|Berzelius]]. Ing sitem tipografi mau, simbul kimia kang digunakaké yaiku singkatan saka jeneng [[Latin]] amarga wektu iku Basa latin minangka basa ''sains''. Tuladhané '''Fe''' yaiku simbul saka unsur ''ferrum (wesi)'', '''Cu''' yaiku simbul saka unsur ''Cuprum (tembaga)', '''Hg''' yaiku simbul kanggo unsur ''hydrargyrum (raksa)'', lsp. Simbul kimia digunakaké kanthi [[internasional]], sanadyan jeneng-jeneng unsur diterjemahaké antarbasa. Huruf sapisan simbul kimia ditulis nganggo huruf gedhé (kapital), déné huruf saterusé (yèn ana) ditulis nganggo huruf cilik. === Simbul non-unsur === Non unsur, mligi sajeroning kimia organik lan organometalik, asring migunakaké simbul kang kainspirasi déning simbul-simbul unsur kimia. Ing ngisor iki contoné: Cy-[[Sikloheksana|sikloheksil]]; Ph-[[fenil]]; Bz-[[Asil|benzoil]]; Bn-[[benzil]]; Cp-[[Siklopentadiena]]; Pr-[[propil]]; Me-[[metil]]; Et-[[etil]]; Tf-[[triflat]]; Ts-[[tosil]]; Hb-[[hemoglobin]]. == Deleng uga == {{portalkimia}} * [[Pratélan unsur kimia]] * [[Unsur kimia sintetik]] * [[Kimia]] * [[Kelimpahan unsur kimia]] * [[Senyawa]] * [[Unsur kimia kang asalé saka jeneng wong]] * [[Unsur kimia kang asalé saka jeneng panggonan]] * [[Panemuan unsur kimia]] * [[Tabel périodik]] {{Commons|Unsur kimia}} == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} === Pranala njaba === * [http://www.webelements.com/ WebElements] * [http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/default.htm Los Alamos National Laboratory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050119093914/http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/default.htm |date=2005-01-19 }} * [http://www.chemicalelements.com/ ChemicalElements] [[Kategori:Unsur kimia| ]] [[Kategori:Kimiya| ]] flf9lg5k47ixkyb9c3tgemqsbigu7kp 0 24968 1748924 1629629 2026-05-13T14:43:02Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748924 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:The Levant 3.png|thumb|200px|The Levant]] [[Image:Levant.GIF|thumb|200px|right|[[Israèl]]+[[Palestina]], [[Jordania]] lan [[Suriah]].]] '''Levant''' ({{IPAEng|lə'vænt}}) iku istilah geografi tumrap tlatah ing [[Timur Tengah|Wétan Tengah]], kang diwatesi déning [[Pagunungan Taurus]] ing sisih lor, [[Sagara Mediterania]] ing sisih kulon, [[Al-Jazira, Mesopotamia|Upper Mesopotamia]] ing sisih wétan, lan [[Ara-ara Arabia]] ing sisih kidul. <!-- An imprecise term, it refers to an area of cultural habitation rather than to a specific area of land. The Levant forms the middle part of the [[Fertile Crescent]], between the [[Nile Valley]] ([[Egypt]]) to the south-west, and [[Mesopotamia]] ([[Iraq]]) to the east. ==Dimensions== The Levant measures about 120 miles (190 km) east to west and 200 miles (320 km) north to south. Its lowest point is the surface of the Dead Sea, 1,000 feet (304 m) below sea level. Its highest point is the peak of Qurnat as Sawdā’, 3,083 m (10,131 ft) above sea level. ==Etymology== [[Image:A) Prince of Lebanon, Moslem of Damascus.jpg|thumb|Inhabitants of the Levant, late nineteenth century.]]The term ''Levant'', which first appeared in English in 1497, originally meant a wider sense of "Mediterranean lands east of Venetia". It derives from the [[Middle French]] ''levant'', the participle of ''lever'' "to raise" — as in ''soleil levant'' "rising Sun" — from the [[Latin]] ''levare''. It thus referred to the Eastern direction of the rising [[Sun]] from the perspective of those who first used it and has analogues in other European languages, notably ''Morgenland'' (i.e., morning land) in [[German language|German]] and [[Danish language|Danish]]. As such, it is broadly equivalent to the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] term ''[[Mashriq]]'', "the land where the Sun rises". It is similar to the [[Ancient Greek]] name Ανατολία (''Anatolía'') which means the "land of the rising Sun", or simply the East. It derives from ανατολή = “the rise, especially the sunrise”, resp. from ἀνατέλλω = to rise, esp. said of the Sun or Moon (ἀνά = up, above + τέλλω = to go, rise, come into existence). For the Greeks, Ανατολία (''Anatolía'') is a synonym of Μικρά Ασία (''Mikrá Asía'' = [[Asia Minor]]), not of Levant. An alternative, though unlikely, etymology suggests that the term stems from [[Lebanon]] — the letters b and v are, in fact, one letter in Hebrew and Aramaic and interchange according to pronunciation. [[Spanish language|Spanish]] translators of Arabic would use the letters ''b'' and ''v'' interchangeably as a consequence of their Spanish pronunciations. Thus, the Levant would refer to the areas surrounding Lebanon, itself deriving from the Aramaic word for ''white'' in reference to the snow-capped Lebanese mountains. Note that the term ''levant'' is also used to refer to a portion of the eastern Spanish littoral, which also argues for a romance language origin. The term became current in [[English language|English]] in the 16th century, along with the first English merchant adventurers in the region: English ships appeared in the Mediterranean in the 1570s and the English merchant company signed its agreement ("capitulations") with the [[Great Sultan|Grand Turk]] in 1579 (Braudel). In 19th-century [[travel writing]], the term incorporated eastern regions under then current or recent governance of the [[Ottoman empire]], such as [[Greece]]. In 19th-century archaeology, it referred to overlapping cultures in this region during and after prehistoric times, intending to reference the place instead of any one culture. The name '''Levantine''' is additionally applied to people of [[Italy|Italian]] (especially [[Venice|Venetian]] and [[Genoa|Genoese]]), [[France|French]], or other [[Southern Europe|Euro-Mediterranean]] origin who have lived in [[Turkey]] or the East Mediterranean coast (the Levant) since the period of the [[Crusades]], the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] period and the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] period. The majority of them are descendants of traders from the maritime republics of the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] (such as the [[Republic of Venice]], the [[Republic of Genoa]] and the [[Republic of Ragusa]]) or of the inhabitants of [[Crusader states]] (especially the French Levantines in [[Turkey]] and [[Lebanon]]). They continue to live in [[İstanbul]] (mostly in the districts of [[Galata]], [[Beyoğlu]] and [[Nişantaşı]]) and [[İzmir]] (mostly in the districts of [[Bornova]] and [[Buca]]). When the [[United Kingdom]] took over [[Palestine]] in the aftermath of the [[World War I|First World War]], some of the new rulers adapted the term pejoratively to refer to inhabitants of mixed [[Arab]] and [[Europe|European]] descent and to Europeans (usually [[French people|French]], [[Italian people|Italian]], or [[Greece|Greek]]) who had "gone native" and adopted local dress and customs.{{Fact|date=August 2007}} The French Mandates of [[French Mandate of Syria|Syria]] and [[French Mandate of Lebanon|Lebanon]] from 1920 to 1946 were called the Levant states. The term became common in [[archaeology]] at that time, as many important early excavations were made then, such as [[Mari, Syria|Mari]] and [[Ugarit]]. Since these sites could not be classified as Mesopotamian, [[North Africa]]n, or [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabian]], they came to be referred to as "Levantine." Today "Levant" is typically used by archaeologists and historians with reference to the [[prehistory]] and the [[Ancient history|ancient]] and [[medieval history]] of the region, as when discussing the [[Crusades]]. The term is also occasionally employed to refer to modern or contemporary events, peoples, states, or parts of states in the same region, namely [[Israèl]], [[Jordan]], the [[West Bank]] / [[Judea and Samaria]] and [[Gaza Strip]], [[Lebanon]], and [[Syria]]. In "[[The Maltese Falcon]]" by [[Dashiell Hammett]], the character Joel Cairo is referred to as a Levantine. --> == Tlatah == * [[Yordania]] * [[Libanon]] * [[Israèl]] * [[Palestina]] * [[Suriah]] ==Uga delengen== * [[Kanaan]] * [[Bilad al-Sham]] ==Réferènsi== *[[Fernand Braudel|Braudel, Fernand]], ''The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Phillip II'' *http://www.levantine.plus.com/index.htm. Levantine Heritage Site. Includes many oral and scholarly histories, and genealogies for some Levantine Turkish families. ==Pranala njaba== *The History of the Ancient Near East [http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Levant.html The Ancient Levant] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807052049/http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Levant.html |date=2011-08-07 }} {{Tlatah ing donya}} [[Kategori:Levant| ]] [[Kategori:Wétan Cedhak]] 6dext7mmyeucqp2uk8rysxuap04oaa7 0 47489 1748947 1646923 2026-05-14T05:31:34Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox President |name=Ngô Đình Diệm{{br}}''Présidhèn pisanan Républik Vietnam'' |image=Ngo Dinh Diem - Thumbnail - ARC 542189.png |imagesize=125px |term_start=[[Oktober]] [[1955]] |term_end=[[2 November]] [[1963]] |predecessor=Ora ana |successor=[[Duong Van Minh]] |birth_date=[[3 Januari]] [[1901]] |birth_place=[[Hue]] |death_date=[[2 November]] [[1963]] |death_place=[[Saigon]] |spouse=ora palakrama }} '''Ngô Đình Diệm''' , [[basa Vietnam]]: {{Audio|NgoDinhDiem.ogg| '''Ngô Đình Diệm Jean Baptiste'''}} ''«ngoh dihn zih-ehm»'', ([[3 Januari]] [[1901]] – [[2 November]] [[1963]]) iku Présidhèn sepisanan [[Républik Vietnam]] ([[1955]]–[[1963]]). == Wacan terusan == * Hilaire du Berrier. 1965. ''Background to Betrayal.'' * David Halberstam. 1969. The Best and the Brightest. ISBN 0-449-90870-4. * Frances Fitzgerald. 1972. ''Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and Americans in Vietnam.'' Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-15919-0, ISBN 0-679-72394-3, ISBN 0-316-28423-8. * Richard Reeves. 1994. ''President Kennedy: Profile of Power.'' New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-89289-4. * Le Xuan Nhuan. 1996. [http://LeXuanNhuan.tripod.com/MaiThem.html ''Về Vùng Chiến-Tuyến.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629133836/http://lexuannhuan.tripod.com/MaiThem.html |date=2020-06-29 }} Westminster: Van Nghe. ISBN 1-886566-15-1. * Robert Mann. 2001. ''A Grand Delusion: America's Descent into Vietnam.'' New York: Perseus. ISBN 0-465-04370-4, ISBN 0-465-04369-0. * Le Xuan Nhuan. 2002. [http://LeXuanNhuan.tripod.com/DaoDuc.html ''Cảnh-Sát-Hóa: Quốc-Sách Yểu-Tử của Việt-Nam Cộng-Hòa.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401153646/http://lexuannhuan.tripod.com/DaoDuc.html |date=2020-04-01 }} Alameda: Xay-Dung. ISBN 0-9665293-8-3 == Pirsani uga == * [[Perang Vietnam]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.reformation.org/vietnam.html The Religious Beginnings of an Unholy War - Avro Manhattan] * [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB101/index.htm JFK and the Diệm Coup] - Provided by the ''[[National Security Archive]]''. * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/VNngo.htm Diệm Biography] From Spartacus Educational * [http://ngothelinh.150m.com/NgoDinhDiem.html Photos of Diệm's family] {{start box}} {{succession box| before=ora ana | title=[[Pamimpin Vietnam Kidul|Présidhèn Républik Vietnam]]| years=1955–1963| after=[[Dương Văn Minh]] }} {{end box}} {{start box}} {{succession box|title=[[Pamimpin Vietnam Kidul#Mahamantri|Mahamantri Républik Vietnam]]|before=Pangéran [[Bửu Lộc]] |after=[[Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ]] minangka [[Pamimpin Vietnam Kidul#Mahamantri|Mahamantri Républik Vietnam]]|years=1954-1955}} {{end box}} == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Lair 1901|Ngô Đình Diệm]] [[Kategori:Pati 1963|Ngô Đình Diệm]] [[Kategori:Tokoh anti kuminis Vietnam|Ngô Đình Diệm]] [[Kategori:Pulitikus Vietnam|Ngô Đình Diệm]] [[Kategori:Présidhèn kang dipatèni|Ngo Dinh Diem]] [[Kategori:Gerakan pambébasan nasional|Ngo Dinh Diem]] [[Kategori:Kulawarga Ngo|Ngo Dinh Diem]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Katulik Roma Vietnam|Ngo Dinh Diem]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Perang Dingin|Ngo Dinh Diem]] [[Kategori:Tokoh kang diukum pati]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Katulik]] [[Kategori:Pamimpin Perang Dingin]] {{bio-stub}} lqr9q9nkvbqov60nur8hieuex09rbdm 0 73177 1748922 1635436 2026-05-13T14:13:39Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gabung|Gajih}} '''Lemak''' kalebu bahan kimia kang duwé susunan senyawa kang béda.<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.scribd.com/doc/24905874/Pengertian-dan-fungsi-lemak] (diakses tanggal 12 Mèi 2011)</ref> Lemak duwé wujud ketok (visible) lan ora tampak (invisible).<ref name="internet 1"/> Lemak kang ketok tuladhané mentega, lenga goreng, lan sakpadane.<ref name="internet 1"/> lemak kang ora ketok tuladhané daging, kacang lemah, susu, endhog, lan sakpadhane.<ref name="internet 1"/> == Lemak duwé fungsi: == # Sumber tenaga # Mbentukan sèl, # Piranti usung vitamin larut lemak, # ngirit protéin # mènèhi rasa wareg lan énak # Dadi pelumas lan njaga suhu awak # Kalorine dhuwur gunané dinggo nambahi tenaga marang wong kang racaké kerja abot-abot # Asam lemak esensial iki kalebu prekursor kang mbentuk hormon tartemtu tuladhané prostaglandin kang wigati kanggo metabolisme # Lemak bisa nglarutke vitamin A, B, D, lan K # Lemak bisa dadi cadangan awak seperti ginjel, hati lan sakpadhane bisa dadi isolator, nanging bisa uga nglindungi saka kerusakan fisik fatal pas tabrakan == Jenise Lemak: == # asem lemak tidak jenuh tungga # Asam lemak omega-3 # asem lemak rantai sedang # asem lemak trans == Wonten déné bahan ngganti lemak: == # Simplesse bahan kang wes dikenalke kat awal taun 1988 saka Nutra # Sukrosa poliester Senyawa iki ester saka sukrosa karo asem lemak rantai sedang # Getah (gum) rena getah, kaya déné getah guar, getah arab, dan karagena # Karbohidrat bisa ngganti lemak.<ref name="internet 1"/> == Uji klinis, lemak kang wigati ya iku: == # Kolesterol # Trigliserida (lemak nétral) # Fosfolipid # Asam Lemak == Loro saka lemak bisa: == Obesitas kang racaké gawé masalah saka lemak, amarga bisa ndadeake weteng gedhé lan lemak-lemak akèh kang numpuk eneng ing weteng.<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.voanews.com/indonesian/news/Lemak-Perut-Sangat-Berbahaya-bagi-Keséhatan-Jantung-121856044.html] (diakses tanggal 12 Mèi 2011)</ref> miturut Lopez-Jimenez kanda para peneliti ngramalke piyé keséhatan masarakat amarga 25%-70% wong kang duwé lemak luwih ing wetengé resiko mati.<ref name="internet 2"/> == Kategori Lemak: == # Lemak Tepu: duwé sipat beku lan atos ning suhu cendhèk.<ref name="internet 3">[http://enamanja.tripod.com/makan3.htm]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (diakses tanggal 12 Mèi 2011)</ref> Akehe sumber iki saka kéwan uga wit-witan tuladhané santen lan lemak sayur.<ref name="internet 3"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Nutrisi]] lfeldzu68kmm96u2mdimaer98bby5m3 0 74935 1748958 1747096 2026-05-14T11:22:10Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = Pakubuwana II<br />{{java|ꦥꦏꦸꦧꦸꦮꦤ꧇꧒꧇}} |image = Pakubuwana II.png |caption = |title = Sunan Kumbul<br />Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana II |succession = [[Susuhunan Mataram]] |moretext = ke-9 |reign = [[1726]] – [[1742]] |reign-type = Bertakhta |predecessor = [[Amangkurat IV|Susuhunan Amangkurat IV]] |suc-type = dipun-gantosaken |successor = [[Amangkurat V|Susuhunan Amangkurat V]] |succession2 = [[Susuhunan Surakarta]] |moretext2 = [[ke-1]] |reign2 = [[1745]] – [[1749]] |reign-type2 = Bertakhta |predecessor2= |suc-type2 = Dipun-gantosaken |successor2 = [[Pakubuwana III|Susuhunan Pakubuwana III]] |regnal name = ''Sahandhap Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Susuhunan Pakubuwana Senapati ing Ngalaga Abdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama Khalifatullah Ingkang Jumeneng Kaping II in ngari Surakarta Hadiningrat '' |posthumous name = Sunan Kumbul |native_lang1 = [[Bahasa Jawa]] |native_lang1_name1 = ꦥꦏꦸꦧꦸꦮꦤ꧇꧒꧇ |house = [[Wangsa Mataram|Mataram]] |father = [[Amangkurat IV|Susuhunan Amangkurat IV]] |mother = Ratu Amangkurat (GKR. Kencana) |birth_name = Raden Mas Gusti Prabasuyasa |birth_date = [[8 Desember]] [[1711]]<br />(Slasa Paing 26 Sawal Alip 1635 AJ) |birth_place = {{negara|Kesultanan Mataram}} [[Kartasura, Mataram]] |death_date = {{Death date and age|1749|12|20|1711|12|8}} |death_place = {{flagicon image|Flag of Sunanate of Surakarta.svg}} [[Karaton Surakarta]], [[Surakarta Hadiningrat]] |burial_place = [[Pemakaman Imogiri|Astana Pakubuwanan]], [[Imogiri, Bantul]], [[Yogyakarta]] |religion = [[Islam]] |spouses = {{marriage|BRAj. Sukiya/GKR. Mas|1726|1738|end=d.}} }} '''Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana II''' utawi '''Radèn Mas Prabasuyasa''' (miyos ing [[Kartasura]], [[8 Dhésèmber]] [[1711]] – séda ing [[Surakarta]], [[20 Dhésèmber]] [[1749]] dumugi yuswa 38 taun) inggih punika [[Pratélan raja Jawa#Kasunanan Surakarta|raja]] trah [[Kasultanan Mataram|Mataram]] ingkang kaping setunggal wonten ing kraton [[Kasunanan Surakarta|Surakarta]]. Piyambakipun ingkang yasa kraton Surakarta kanggé nggantosaken kraton [[Kasunanan Kartasura|Kartasura]]. Panjenenganipun inggih menika susuhunan mataram kaping sanga ingkang ndhawuh warsa 1726–1742 lan dados susuhunan pertami surakarta ingkang ndhawuh warsa 1745–1749, sasampunipun pemberontakan [[Amangkurat V]]. Pakubuwana II ugi inggih menika raka saking pangeran mangkubumi (lajeng kagungan gelar [[Hamengkubuwana I]]) lan paman saking pangeran sambernyawa (lajeng kagungan gelar [[Mangkunagara I|Mangkunegara I]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Abdi dalem Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat tahun 2004-2014|url=https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals|journal=Journal of Indonesian History|date=2019-12-25|issn=2549-0370|pages=146–152|volume=8|issue=2|doi=10.15294/jih.v8i2.35976|language=en|first=Dani Eko|last=Kristiyanto|first2=Syafruddin|last2=Yusuf|first3=Alian|last3=Syair|access-date=2025-11-30|archive-date=2025-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925072154/https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Silsilah == Sunan pakubuwana II utawi ''sunan kumbul'' ngagungani asma asli raden mas prabasuyasa, panjenenganipun inggih menika putra amangkurat IV lan ratu Amangkurat (GKR. Kencana) utawi ratu mas kadipaten, setunggaling tiyang permaisuri keturunan sunan kudus. panjenenganipun dipunwiyosaken ing  tanggal 8 desember 1711. Raden mas Prabasuyasa minggah takhta dados Pakubuwana II ing  tanggal 15 agustus 1726 ing  yuswa 15 warsa. amargi taksih timur sanget, pinten-pinten tokoh istana saingan  kagem memengaruhinipun. para pejabat keraton nggih kaperang dados   kalih kubu, inggih menika golongan ingkang mitran     kaliyan voc dipelopori ratu amangkurat (ibu suri) lan golongan anti-voc dipelopori patih cakrajaya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Konsep kekuasaan Jawa: penerapannya oleh raja-raja Mataram|url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Konsep_kekuasaan_Jawa.html?hl=id&id=qPV0rgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y|publisher=Kanisius|date=1987|isbn=978-979-497-165-9|language=id|first=G.|last=Moedjanto}}</ref> == Politik == === Kartasura diserang === [[Cakraningrat IV]], bupati madura kilen, inggih menika ipar Pakubuwana II, nanging membenci pemerintahanipun ingkang dianggapipun bobrok. Panjenenganipun nawikaken dhiri ngrencangi VOC angger dipunrencangi lukar saking mataram. VOC kantenan nampi tawinan menggiurkan menika.kawontenan nggih berbalik. para pemberontak tionghoa pangageng sunan jene dipun-gebag lengser. pakubuwana ii getun sampun memusuhi VOC ingkang samenika inggil sasampunipun dipunrencangi madura. perdamaian nggih dijalin. kapten baron Von Hohendorff rawuh wonten kartasura sasi maret 1742 dados wakil VOC napakasmakaken perjanjian damai kaliyan Pakubuwana II.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sejarah raja-raja Jawa: sejarah kehidupan kraton dan perkembangannya di Jawa|url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Sejarah_raja_raja_Jawa.html?hl=id&id=H40MAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|publisher=Media Abadi|date=2007|isbn=978-979-99178-3-6|language=id|last=Purwadi}}</ref> Perdamaian menika ndamel  para pemberontak gerah panggalih. piyambakipun sedaya nginggahaken raja enggal, inggih menika raden mas garendi dados   amangkurat V (ugi dipunsebat sunan jene amargi mimpin kaum kagungan kulit jene), amangkurat V inggih menika setunggaling tiyang wayah saking amangkurat III ingkang taksih yuswa timur. Mayoritas pemberontak samenika sanes malih kaum tionghoa, ananging ugi pribumi jawi ingkang anti VOC, saya kathah gabung.<ref name=":2" /> Ing 18 juni 1742 patih natakusuma dipuncepeng dening VOC inggil kekajengan pakubuwana ii. patih natakusuma dipuncepeng amargi dipundugi kaliyan mendel-mendel bersekongkol kaliyan pasukan pemberontak pangageng sunan jene. lajeng dening VOC panjenenganipun diasingkan dhateng sri lanka. bab menika memamncing kemarahan para pemberontak ingkang pungkasanipun nindakaken penyerangan dhateng Kartasura.<ref name=":2" /> === Evakuasi menyang Ponorogo === Tanggal 30 Juni 1742, tentara Jawa-Tionghoa sing dipimpin dening [[Raden Mas Garendi]] ngalahake pasukan Pakubuwono II lan langsung menyang Kartasura. Sang Prabu kasil lolos, mung dikawal dening sawetara loyalis lan perwira VOC. Dheweke banjur menyang Madiun kanggo ngumpulake para pendukung lan saka kana nyoba ngrebut maneh makutha sing ilang. Amarga nekat amarga penderitaan sing saya tambah, dheweke tetep ana ing kana sawetara wektu. Sajrone lolos menyang [[Kabupatèn Panaraga|Ponorogo]], dheweke nganggo gelar [[Panembahan Brawijaya]]. Dheweke banjur menyang Ponorogo kanggo nemoni [[Muhammad Besari|Kiai Ageng Muhammad Besari]] ing Tegalsari miturut saran saka kanca-kancane. Ing Tegalsari, Pakubuwono II njaluk Kiai Ageng supaya dadi perantara antarane dheweke lan Gusti Allah lan ndedonga supaya tahta kasebut dipulihake. Sang Prabu uga sumpah yen martabat minangka raja dipulihake, dheweke bakal nggawe Tegalsari dadi pusat pembelajaran Islam ing kerajaane lan menehake pamrentahan desa marang Kiai Ageng lan keturunane. Dheweke uga netepake desa kasebut minangka desa [[perdikan]] (perdikan), sing bebas saka pajak, pembayaran upeti, lan kewajiban kanggo ngladeni kerajaan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Indonesia Modern 1200–2008|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=uk-Edtb-m6kC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=Penerbit Serambi|date=2008|isbn=978-979-024-115-2|language=id|first=Merle Calvin|last=Ricklefs}}</ref> Ing wulan November 1742, Cakraningrat IV saka Bangkalan lan pasukane kasil ngusir Mas Garendi saka Kartasura. Perusahaan Hindia Timur Walanda (VOC) banjur ngangkat Pakubuwono II dadi raja. Dheweke netepi janjine marang Kiai Ageng, kanthi syarat para kiai terus mulangake ajaran [[Mukamad|Nabi Muhammad]].<ref name=":1" /> === Madege Kasultanan Surakarta === Diwiwiti saka kedadeyan Geger Pacinan, sing nglibatake wong [[Tionghoa]] sing mbentuk perlawanan kanggo mbela awake dhewe, pasukane saya kuwat kanthi dhukungan saka para bupati pesisir. Dheweke ngangkat [[Sunan Kuning]] dadi raja Mataram lan kasil nguwasani Kraton Kartasura, menehi gelar Amangkurat V.<ref name=":0" /> Pakubuwana II lan kulawargane mlayu menyang Ponorogo lan njaluk bantuan saka Perusahaan Hindia Timur Walanda (VOC) kanggo ngusir Amangkurat V lan para pengikute saka Kraton Kartasura. VOC ndhukung panjaluk Pakubuwana II kanggo ngusir Amangkurat V. Upaya iki sukses, lan Pakubuwana II njupuk tahta Mataram maneh.<ref name=":2" /> Miturut kapercayan Jawa, yen kraton rusak amarga perang, kraton kasebut dianggep ora duwe wahyu ilahi ([[wahyu keprabon]]). Iki nyebabake Pakubuwana II nggoleki kraton anyar ing wilayah liya sing bisa dienggoni. Sawise nggoleki panggantos [[Keraton Kartasura|Kraton Kartasura]], desa Sala pungkasane dipilih minangka lokasi kraton anyar. Ing tanggal 17 Februari 1745, kraton anyar ing desa Sala resmi dibukak, ngganti kraton lawas, lan banjur dijenengi Surakarta.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Abdi dalem Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat tahun 2004-2014|url=https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals|journal=Journal of Indonesian History|date=2019-12-25|issn=2549-0370|pages=146–152|volume=8|issue=2|doi=10.15294/jih.v8i2.35976|language=en|first=Dani Eko|last=Kristiyanto|first2=Syafruddin|last2=Yusuf|first3=Alian|last3=Syair|access-date=2025-11-30|archive-date=2025-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925072154/https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing periode sabanjure, ing taun 1755, sawise [[Prajanjèn ing Janti|Perjanjian Giyanti]], sing disepakati dening putra lan adhine, Pakubuwana III lan Pangeran Mangkubumi, Mataram pecah dadi rong kubu: Pakubuwana III ing [[Kutha Surakarta|Surakarta]] lan [[Hamengkubuwana I|Pangeran Mangkubumi]] ing [[Yogyakarta]]. Sawise perjanjian kasebut, Mataram, sing sadurunge duwe siji pamrentahan ing sangisore [[Pakubuwana III]], dipérang dadi rong kerajaan. Prastawa iki ditandhani kanthi istilah Palihan Nagari lan nandhani pungkasaning kedaulatan Mataram.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Short History of Indonesia: The Unlikely Nation?|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=uGrIdxXzupYC&redir_esc=y|publisher=Allen & Unwin|date=2003|isbn=978-1-86508-838-9|language=en|first=Colin|last=Brown}}</ref> == Sayembara == Posisi Cakraningrat IV saya kuwat. Dheweke ngrebut akeh wilayah ing [[Jawa Wétan|Jawa Timur]] nalika penindasan pemberontakan [[Gègèr Pacinan|Geger Pacinan]]. Dheweke pengin ngrebut wilayah kasebut, nanging Perusahaan Hindia Timur Walanda (VOC) ora gelem. Cakraningrat IV pungkasane mbrontak. VOC resmi ngluncurake perang nglawan mantan sekutune ing Februari 1745. Sawetara wulan sabanjure, Cakraningrat IV ana ing tekanan lan mlayu menyang [[Kutha Banjarmasin|Banjarmasin]]. Nanging, sultan negara kasebut nyekel lan masrahake dheweke menyang VOC. Cakraningrat IV pungkasane dibuwang menyang [[Tanjung Harapan, Mentaya Hulu, Kotawaringin Wétan|Tanjung Harapan.]] Sing isih dadi pendukung pemberontakan Tiongkok yaiku Pangeran Sambernyawa, putrane Pangeran Mangkunagara. Pakubuwana II ngumumake sayembara, nawakake tanah Sukawati (saiki [[Sragen]]) marang sapa wae sing kasil ngrebut maneh wilayah kasebut saka Pangeran Sambernyawa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=The History of Java|url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/The_History_of_Java.html?id=zupdAAAAcAAJ&redir_esc=y|publisher=Black, Parbury, and Allen, Booksellers to the Hon. East-India Company ... and John Murray|date=1817|language=en|first=Sir Thomas Stamford|last=Raffles}}</ref> Pangeran Mangkubumi, adhine Pakubuwana II, menang sayembara ing taun 1746. Dheweke sadurunge melu ndhukung pemberontakan Tiongkok, nanging bali menyang Surakarta lan ditampa dening Pakubuwana II. Nanging, Patih Pringgalaya mbujuk Pakubuwana II supaya ora masrahake tanah Sukawati marang Pangeran Mangkubumi. VOC muncul maneh, lan [[Baron van Imhoff]] luwih ngganggu kahanan. Dheweke teka ing Surakarta, njaluk Pakubuwana II supaya nyewakake wilayah pesisir menyang VOC kanthi rega 20.000 real Spanyol saben taun. Pangeran Mangkubumi nentang iki. Banjur ana padudon, karo Baron van Imhoff sing ngina Pangeran Mangkubumi ing ngarep umum.Pangeran Mangkubumi, sing kuciwa, mlayu saka Surakarta, gabung karo pasukan Pangeran Sambernyawa ing Mei 1746.<ref name=":3" /> == Pungkasaning pamrentahan == Pakubuwana II lara ing pungkasan taun 1749. Baron von Hohendorff, sing saiki dadi gubernur pesisir wétan Jawa, teka ing Surakarta kanggo ngunjungi dheweke minangka saksi VOC babagan suksesi kasebut. Pakubuwana II malah kepeksa masrahake kedaulatan marang von Hohendorff amarga kobongan pemberontakan sing terus-terusan. Prajanjian ditandatangani tanggal 11 Desember 1749, nandhani wiwitane ilange kedaulatan Mataram marang [[Walanda]].<ref name=":2" /> Pakubuwana II pungkasane seda tanggal 20 Desember 1749, lan digenteni dening Raden Mas Suryadi, putrane, sing nganggo gelar Pakubuwana III. Sajrone pamrentahane, Pakubuwana III ngadhepi pemberontakan sing dipimpin dening Pangeran Mangkubumi lan Pangeran Sambernyawa. Mengko, ing taun 1755, kaloro pihak, Pakubuwana III lan Pangeran Mangkubumi, sarujuk karo syarat-syarat Prajanjian Giyanti. Iki diterusake karo [[Perjanjian Salatiga]] ing taun 1757 sing disepakati dening telung pihak, yaiku Pakubuwana III, Pangeran Mangkubumi lan Pangeran Sambernyawa.<ref name=":3" /> == Priksani ugi == * [[Pratélan raja Jawa]] * [[Kasunanan Surakarta]] {{kotak wiwit}} {{kotak penerus| before=[[Amangkurat IV]] | title=[[Pratélan raja Jawa#Kasunanan Kartasura|Raja Kasunanan Kartasura]] | years=[[1726]] - [[1742]] | after=''boten wonten'' }} {{kotak penerus| before=''boten wonten'' | title=[[Pratélan raja Jawa#Kasunanan Surakarta|Raja Kasunanan Surakarta]] | years=[[1745]] - [[1749]] | after=[[Pakubuwana III]] }} {{kotak rampung}} [[Kategori:Lair 1711]] [[Kategori:Pati 1749]] [[Kategori:Raja Jawa]] [[Kategori:Surakarta]] {{Stub}} == Ugi deleng == * [[Kesultanan Mataram|Kasunanan Mataram]] * [[Kasunanan Surakarta]] * [[Kadipatèn Mangkunagaran|Kadipatèn Mangkunegaran]] {{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[Wangsa Mataram]]||1711||1749}} {{s-reg|}} {{s-bef|before=[[Amangkurat IV|Susuhunan Amangkurat IV]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Susuhunan Mataram]]|years=1726 – 1742}} {{s-aft|after=[[Amangkurat V|Susuhunan Amangkurat V]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-new|reason=''Pendiri Surakarta''}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Susuhunan Surakarta]]|years=1745 ‒ 1749}} {{s-aft|after=[[Pakubuwana III|Susuhunan Pakubuwana III]]}} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} {{Pakubuwana}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pakubuwana 02}} == Rujukan == 05ph90ovzjid2gmyhkeogr9zqcuupdt 0 77906 1748950 1695145 2026-05-14T08:11:05Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ushul fiqih}} [[Gambar:Zawaj.jpg|thumb]] '''Omah-omah sajeroning agama Islam''' yaiku ikatan kang suci amarga wong loro kang béda jinis bakal urip bareng kanthi restu [[agama]], sadulur, lan [[masarakat]].<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.suaramedia.com/artikel/14-kumpulan-artikel/850-pengertian-pernikahan-dalam-islam.html www.suaramedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807035254/http://www.suaramedia.com/artikel/14-kumpulan-artikel/850-pengertian-pernikahan-dalam-islam.html |date=2011-08-07 }} Pernikahan sajeroning Islam (diaksés tanggal 5 Agustus 2011)</ref> == Akad Nikah == Aqad nikah sajeroning Islam ana 2 ukara "ijab lan qabul". Kanthi 2 ukara iki bisa ngrubah reregedan dadi kesucian, maksiat dadi ngibadah, dosa dadi amal sholeh. Aqad nikah dudu mung perjanjen antarané wong loro, nanging uga perjanjen antarané makluk [[Allah]] karo [[Al-Khaliq]]. Saking sakrale aqad nikah, saéngga diarani "Mitsaqon gholizho" utawa perjanjen Allah kang abot. Uga kaya perjanjen Allah karo [[Bani Israil]] lan uga Perjanjen Allah karo para [[Nabi]] yaiku perjanjen kang abot(Q.S Al-Ahzab: 7).<ref name="internet 1"/> == Hukum Pernikahan == Hukum punikah dhasaré yaiku [[Jaiz]] (éntuk), kabèh wong éntuk nikah nanging amarga pertimbangan kahanane wong, mula hukum dhasar mau bisa ganti: * Wajib Nikah dadi wajib kanggo wong kang mampu lair lan batin lan dikhawatirke ora bisa nahan lan gawé [[zina]]. * Sunat Manawa wong saguh nyukupi kebutuhan lair batin, bisa mènèhi maskawin kebutuhan liya sawatara dhèwèké isih saguh nahan godha nafsu kanggo nahan awak ing dalan kang bener tanpa kegoda ing dalan kang karam. * Mubah Manawa wong duwé niyat nanging durung saguh yasa rumah tangga. * Makruh Manawa wong durung duwé niyat lan durung saguh yasa rumah tangga utawa wis duwé niyat nanging ragu-ragu kanggo nglakoni. * Karam Manawa wong nikah kanthi niyat kanggo ora nglakoni kewajiban.<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.masbied.com/2011/07/21/untung-rugi-pernikahan-dini-dalam-pandangan-islam/ www.masbied.com]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Pernikahan sajeroning Islam (diaksés tanggal 5 Agustus 2011)</ref> == Rukun Pernikahan == * Calon penganten [[lanang]] lan [[wadon]] * Wali saka calon pengantin wadon * Seksi jumlahe loro (lanang) * [[Ijab]] yaiku ucapan nyerahake calon penganten wadon saka waline utawa wakile marang calon penganten lanang kanggo dinikahi * [[Qabul]] yaiku ucapan nrima pernikahan saka calon penganten lanang/ waline.<ref name="internet 3">[http://www.wonosari.com/t2240-rukun-dan-syarat-perkawinan www.wonosari.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814155527/http://www.wonosari.com/t2240-rukun-dan-syarat-perkawinan |date=2011-08-14 }} Pernikahan sajeroning Islam (diaksés tanggal 5 Agustus 2011)</ref> == Syarat-Syarat Sah Perkawinan/Pernikahan == * Penganten Lanang ** Agama Islam ** Ora ana paksaan ** Lanang normal ** Ora nduwé bojo papat utawa luwih ** Ora ing sajeroning ngibadah ihram haji utawa umroh ** Dudu [[mahram]] calon bojo ** Yakin manawa calon bojo halal kanggo dinikahi ** Ngerti [[hukum]] lan patut omah-omah ** Ora ana alangan perkawinan * Penganten Wadon ** Agama [[Islam]] ** Wanita normal (dudu bencong/lesbian) ** Dudu [[mahram]] calon bojo ** Entuk izin wali kanggo nikahi ** Ora ing masa [[iddah]] ** Ora lagi duwé bojo ** Durung tau [[li'an]] ** Ora ing sajeroning ngibadah [[ihram]] [[haji]] utawa [[umrah]] * Syarat Wali Penganten Wadon ** Lanang agama [[Islam]] ** Ora ana alangan sakdhuwure perwaliane ** Duwe [[hak]] sakdhuwure perwaliane * Syarat Bebas alangan Perkawinan Kanggo Penganten sakloron ** Ora ana gayutan [[nasab]] ** Ora ana gayutan persusuan (radla'ah) ** Ora ana gayutan persemendaan (mushaharah) ** Ora [[Li'an]] ** Sing lanang duwé bojo kurang saka 4 lan éntuk idin saka bojone ** Ora ing sajeroning [[ihram]] [[haji]] utawa [[umrah]] ** Ora béda [[agama]] ** Ora [[talak]] [[ba'in]] kubra ** Ora permaduan ** Sing wadon ora ing masa iddah ** Sing wadon ora duwé bojo * Syarat-Syarat Syah Kanggo Saksi Pernikahan/Perkawinan ** [[Lanang]] ** Jumlahe loro ** Wis [[diwasa]] / [[baligh]] ** Ngerti maksud saka akad nikah ** Teka langsung nalika acara [[akad]] nikah * Syarat-Syarat/Persyaratan Akad Nikah Kang Syah: ** Ana [[ijab]] (nyerahake wali) ** Ana [[qabul]] (nrima calon bojo) ** [[Ijab]] nganggo tembung nikah utawa sinonim kang setara. ** [[Ijab]] lan [[kabul]] jelas, berkaitan, siji majelis, ora ing sajeroning [[ihrom]] [[haji]]/[[umroh]].<ref name="internet 4">[http://organisasi.org/rukun-larangan-syarat-perkawinan-pernikahan-punikah-kawin-agama-islam organisasi.org]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Pernikahan sajeroning Islam (diaksés tanggal 5 Agustus 2011)</ref> == Hadist Pernikahan == * “Sing sapa [[nikah]], mula dhèwèké wus nggenepi separo saka agamané. Lan kudu dhèwèké taqwa marang Gusti [[Allah]] sajeroning ngopeni kang separone manèh”. ([[Hadist]] [[Riwayat]] [[Thabrani]] lan [[Hakim]]). * “Nikahana wong wadon kang akèh anaké lan penyayang. Amarga aku bakal bangga karo akèhé umatku ing sangarepe para [[Nabi]] besuk ing dino [[kiamat]]”. ([[Hadits]] [[Riwayat]] [[Ahmad]] lan di shahihke déning [[Ibnu Hibban]]).<ref name="internet 5">[http://www.ekomarwanto.com/2011/06/dasar-pernikahan-dalam-islam.html www.ekomarwanto.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011153546/http://www.ekomarwanto.com/2011/06/dasar-pernikahan-dalam-islam.html |date=2011-10-11 }} Pernikahan sajeroning Islam (diaksés tanggal 5 Agustus 2011)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Islam]] [[Kategori:Fiqih]] [[Kategori:Omah-omah]] ewbyxa05qkc1t4ghhznmyl76o0umhh6 0 79330 1748919 1645620 2026-05-13T13:51:10Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Lee De Forest | image = Lee De Forest.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1873|8|26|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Council Bluffs, Iowa]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1961|6|30|1873|8|26|mf=y}} | death_place = [[Hollywood, Los Angeles, California]] | occupation = [[Inventor]] | salary = | parents = Henry Swift DeForest<br />Anna Robbins | spouse ={{marriage|Lucille Sheardown |1906}}<br />[[Nora Stanton Blatch Barney]] (m. 1907-1911)<br />Mary Mayo (m. 1912-?) <br />[[Marie Mosquini]] (m. 1930-1961) | relatives = [[Calvert DeForest]], grandnephew | footnotes = |known_for= [[triode]] }} '''Lee DeForest''' ({{lahirmati||26|8|1873||30|6|1961}}) ya iku sawijining [[ahli]] [[fisika]] saka [[Amérikah Sarékat]] kang kasil naggone nemu [[triode]] utawa [[tabung]] [[audion]] ing taun [[1906]].<ref name="Media" >[[Media:1900 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1900 US Census]] in [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]</ref> == Panguripan == Dhèwèké minangka salah salah sawijining wong kang duwé jasa ing pangrembakane [[teknologi]] [[radio]] saliyané [[Marconi]].<ref name="Media" /> Dhèwèké kerep diarani bapak [[radio]], [[simbah]] [[telepisi]], [[dhoktor]] [[fisika]], lan wis kasil anggoné nyipta 300 [[panemon]].<ref name="Media" /> [[Triode]] utawa [[tabung]] [[audion]] ya iku sawijining piranti wigati kang akèh digunakaké ing [[radio]],[[telepon]], [[radar]], [[telepisi]], lan [[komputer]].<ref name="Media" /> Ing taun [[1912]], De Forest nemu yèn [[triode]] utawa [[tabung]] [[audion]] bisa digunakaké minangka penguat [[sinyal]] [[listrik]] lan pembangkit [[osilasi]].<ref>''The De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Tower: Bulletin No. 1'', Summer 1904.</ref> Nalika iku triode kerep digunakaké ing pirang-pirang [[piranti]] [[komunikasi]], nanging kawit taun [[1947]] [[triode]] diganti déning [[teknologi]] [[transistor]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm |title=The MetOpera Database (archives) |access-date=2011-08-26 |archive-date=2018-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008160207/http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Sanajan [[teknologi]] [[triode]] kang diciptake diganti karo tèknologi liyané, nanging De Forest tetep dianggep tokoh paling misuwur ing babagan [[elektronik]].<ref name="census" >[[Media:1920 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1920 US Census]] in the [[Bronx, New York]]</ref> De forest lair saka [[kulawarga]] [[pendeta]]. Bapake minangka [[pendeta]] fanatik kang kepéngin De Forest dadi [[pendeta]] kaya dhèwèké.<ref name="census" /> Nalika umur 6 taun, dhèwèké karo kulawargané ngalih ana ing [[Alabama]].<ref name="census" /> Minangka sawijining [[pendeta]] kang apik, [[kulawarga]] De Forest tansah mbela [[kaum]] kang luwih sengsara.<ref name="census" /> Bapake De Forest ngadegaké [[sekolah]] kanggo wong-wong négro sanajan éntuk tentangan gedhé saka wong-wong kulit putih.<ref name="census" /> == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranalar njaba == {{wikiquote}} * [http://www.leedeforest.org Lee de Forest, American Inventor] * [http://www.deforestradio.com Dr. Lee De Forest internet radio project & forum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107010607/http://deforestradio.com/ |date=2018-11-07 }} * {{imdb name|0208418}} * [http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/biography/deforest.html Lee De Forest] at [[IEEE]] * [http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/40.html Lee De Forest] at [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZR9KdkMlhM De Forest Phonofilm Sound Movie with Eddie Cantor (1923)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041206080223/http://www.geocities.com/lyon95065/Radio.html Stephen Greene's ''Who said Lee de Forest was the "Father of Radio"?''] * Eugenii Katz's [http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/deforest.htm Lee De Forest] * Cole, A. B., "''[http://earlyradiohistory.us/audi1916.htm Practical Pointers on the Audion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050310182353/http://earlyradiohistory.us/audi1916.htm |date=2005-03-10 }}: Sales Manager - De Forest Radio Tel. & Tel. Co.''", QST, March, 1916, pages 41–44: * Hong, Sungook, "''[http://www.ieee.org/organizations/history_center/Che2004/Hong.pdf A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation]''" University, Seoul, Koréa (PDF) * [[PBS]], "[http://www.pbs.org/transistor/quicktimes/movieclips/monkeysVIDEO/monkeysVIDEO_MSTR.mov ''Monkeys'']"; a filem on the Audion operation ([[QuickTime]] movie) [[Kategori:Lair 1873]] {{Nagara-bio-stub|Amérikah Sarékat}} 7dl7cbm2mbvba2iq17yl38ar8vufn61 0 80599 1748925 1657434 2026-05-13T15:25:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Ganoderma lucidum'' | image = Ganoderma lucidum 01.jpg | image_width = 270px | regnum = [[Fungi]] | phylum = [[Basidiomycota]] | classis = [[Agaricomycetes]] | ordo = [[Polyporales]] | familia = [[Ganodermataceae]] | genus = ''[[Ganoderma]]'' | species = '''''G. lucidum''''' | binomial = ''Ganoderma lucidum'' | binomial_authority = ([[William Curtis|Curtis]]) [[P. Karst]] }} '''Lingzhi''' utawi '''ling zhi''' ([[Hanzi tradhisional]]: 靈芝; [[Hanzi Prasaja]]: 灵芝; [[Basa Jepang]]: ''reishi''; [[Basa Koréa]]: ''yeongji'', [[hangul]]: 영지) inggih punika salah setunggaling jinis [[jamur]] ''Ganoderma lucidum''.<ref name="internet1"/> Lingzhi punika salah setunggaling taneman ingkang saged kanggé tamba [[kanker]].<ref name="internet1"/> Miturut buku Pengobatan Herbal [[Tiongkok]] ingkang dipuntulis taun [[56]] [[SM]], [[jamur]] kayu punika kalebet taneman obat nomer satunggal saking [[365]] obat kalebet gingseng.<ref name="internet1"/> Lingzhi kalebet kategori ''superior'' awit saged kanggé tamba mawarni-warni lelara, saged njagi badan saha saged dipunkonsumsi kanthi boten wonten efeksampingipun.<ref name="internet1"/> Wonten kanthah jinis jamur kayu, wonten ingkang saged dipundhahar kados ta [[jamur kuping]], [[jamur tiram]], [[jamur gigit]], saha [[shiitake]].<ref name="internet1"/> Nanging wonten ugi jamur kayu ingkang boten saged dipundhahar kados ta lingzhi saha jamur saking génus Ganoderma.<ref name="internet1"/> Lingzhi saged tuwuh ing tlatah-tlatah wonten ing donya kalebet ing [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet1"/> Lingzhi saged tuwuh ing taneman saha [[kayu]] ingkang sampun gapuk utawi wit ingkang sampun pejah.<ref name="internet1"/> Lingzhi gadhah wujud kados payung nanging boten gadhah lengkungan ingkang sampurna.<ref name="internet1"/> Lingzhi gadhah pang ingkang langkung cendhak tinimbang wohé.<ref name="internet1"/> Woh Lingzhi saged gadhah dhiamétér ngantos [[30]] [[cm]].<ref name="internet1"/> Wujud payungé sami kaliyan wujud [[ginjel]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kandelipun woh Lingzhi antawis [[2]]-[[5]] [[cm]].<ref name="internet1"/> Lingzhi punika ngandhut [[protéin]], polisakarida (ganodelan A, ganodelan B, saha jinis-jinis glukans), triterpenoid (asem ganodermik, ganodermadiol, ingkang strukturipun mirib kaliyan hormon steroid, juga germanium, ergosterol, coumarin, mannitol, alkaloid, asem lemak boten jenuh, [[adenosin]], saha [[vitamin]] (B, C, D) saha mineral (natrium, kalsium, seng, besi, fosfor).<ref name="internet1">[http://rumahkanker.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=49&Itemid=59 rumahkanker.com]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 15 September 2011)</ref> Lingzhi ugi ngandhut senyawa triterpenoid kados ta ganoderat.<ref name="buku1"/>[[Triterpenoid]] punika gadhah khasiat saged nglemesaken [[otot polos]] pembuluh darah saha saged njagi viskositas utawi ''kekentalan darah''.<ref name="buku1">[Majalah Trubus, no.462 Edisi Mèi 2008, kaca 17]</ref> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.siherbal.com/2015/02/manfaat-ganoderma-plus-capsule.html Manfaat Ganoderma]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Jamur]] {{stub}} kliy8mpwhlwm0n5wtjj18zwlvtc9f1t 0 80861 1748939 1646624 2026-05-14T01:38:50Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748939 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Arsyad Al Banjari.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari]] '''Syekh Muhammad Arsyad bin Abdullah bin Abdur Rahman al-Banjari''' (utawi langkung misuwur kanthi asma '''Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari''' ({{lahirmati|[[Lok Gabang, Astambul, Banjar|Lok Gabang]]|17|3|1710|[[Dalam Pagar, Martapura Wétan, Banjar|Dalam Pagar]]|3|10|1812}} utawi 15 Shofar 1122 – 6 Syawwal 1227 H)<ref name="internet1"/> inggih punika ulama ''[[fiqih]]'' [[madahab Syafi'i]] ingkang asalipun saking Kutha [[Martapura]] ing [[Tanah Banjar]] ([[Kasultanan Banjar]]), [[Kalimantan Kidul]].<ref name="internet2"/> Panjenenganipun gesang watawis taun 1122-1227 hijriyah.<ref name="internet2"/> Panjenenganipun pikantuk gelar '''Datu Kelampaian'''.<ref name="internet2"/> Panjenenganipun punika dados panyerat Kitab ''Sabilal Muhtadin'' ingkang dados rujukan tumrap tiyang [[Islam]] ing wewengkon [[Asia Kidul-Wétan]].<ref name="internet2">[http://books.google.co.id/books?id=BBoKkSPb6pUC&lpg=PA41&dq=sejarah%20banjar&pg=PA41#v=onepage&q=sejarah%20banjar&f=false Mahsun Fuad, Hukum Islam Indonesia: dari nalar partisipatoris hingga emansipatoris, PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara, 2005 ISBN 9798451139, 9789798451133]</ref> Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari, ingkang ugi dipuntimbali Tuanta Salamakka lan Datuk Kalampayan.<ref name="internet1"/> Panjenenganipun punika putra kapisan saking gangsal sadhèrèk, ramanipun namanipun ‘Abd Allah lan ibunipun namanipun Siti Aminah.<ref name="internet1"/> Muhammad Arsyad miyos saking kulawarga ingkang kawentar tangat agaminipun.<ref name="internet1"/> Kondhisi lingkungan ingkang saé punika saged damel kapribadénipun Muhammad Arsyad ing wekdal salajengipun.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.pondokpesantren.net/ponpren/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=206&Itemid=71 '''Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari '''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203015857/http://www.pondokpesantren.net/ponpren/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=206&Itemid=71 |date=2013-12-03 }} dipunundhuh tanggal 17 September 2011)</ref> == Trah == Wonten sawatawis panyerat biografi gadhah pamanggih bilih panjenenganipun punika taksih trah [[Alawiyyin]] kanthi jalur Sultan Abdurrasyid Mindanao.<ref name="internet4">[http://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:305607'''Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari (Datuk Kalampayan, Al Syaikh As-Sayyid Ja'far Assodiq Alaydrus)'''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013030501/http://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:305607 |date=2012-10-13 }} dipunundhuh tanggal 17 September 2011)</ref> Nasab utawi trah Syekh Muhammad Arsyad bin Abdullah bin Abdur Rahman al-Banjari inggih punika: ''Maulana Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari bin Abdullah bin Abu Bakar bin Sultan Abdurrasyid Mindanao bin Abdullah bin Abu Bakar Al Hindi bin Ahmad Ash Shalaibiyyah bin Husein bin Abdullah bin Syaikh bin Abdullah Al Idrus Al Akbar'' (datuk sadaya kulawarga Al Aidrus) ''bin Abu Bakar As Sakran bin Abdurrahman As Saqaf bin Muhammad Maula Dawilah bin Ali Maula Ad Dark bin Alwi Al Ghoyyur bin [[Muhammad al-Faqih Muqaddam|Muhammad Al Faqih Muqaddam]] bin Ali Faqih Nuruddin bin [[Muhammad Shahib Mirbath]] bin Ali Khaliqul Qassam bin Alwi bin Muhammad Maula Shama’ah bin Alawi Abi Sadah bin Ubaidillah bin Imam [[Ahmad al-Muhajir|Ahmad Al Muhajir]] bin Imam Isa Ar Rumi bin Al Imam Muhammad An Naqib bin Al Imam [[Ali al-Uraidhi|Ali Uraidhy]] bin Al Imam [[Ja'far ash-Shadiq|Ja’far As Shadiq]] bin Al Imam [[Muhammad al-Baqir|Muhammad Al Baqir]] bin Al Imam [[Ali bin Husain|Ali Zainal Abidin]] bin Al Imam Sayyidina [[Husain bin Ali|Husein]] bin Al Imam Amirul Mu’minin [[Ali bin Abi Thalib]] Karamallah wajhah wa Sayyidah [[Fatimah az-Zahra|Fatimah Az Zahra]] binti [[Muhammad|Rasulullah SAW]]''.<ref name =ARS>''Syajaratul Arsyadiyah'', Mathba'ah Ahmadiyah Singapura, olèh Abd Rahman Shiddiq (Tuan Guru Sapat, Mufti Kesultanan Indragiri) Cetakan I. Tahun 1356 H.</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == [http://www.pondokpesantren.net/ponpren/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=206&Itemid=71 '''Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari '''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203015857/http://www.pondokpesantren.net/ponpren/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=206&Itemid=71 |date=2013-12-03 }} [http://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:305607 '''Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari (Datuk Kalampayan, Al Syaikh As-Sayyid Ja'far Assodiq Alaydrus) '''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013030501/http://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:305607 |date=2012-10-13 }} [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] [[Kategori:Cendekiawan Muslim]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Islam Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh saking Kabupatèn Banjar]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Banjar]] {{stub}} hctsutvwkz2ucd1x42i3ggfm2o2fpdn 0 82089 1748932 1673228 2026-05-13T22:32:51Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Mi|ꦩꦶ}} {{Infobox Makanan | name = '''Mi''' | image = [[Gambar:Razali noodles.jpg|200px|]] | caption = Mi goreng | alternate_name = | country = Cina | region = Asia,Jepang,Koréa,Taiwan uga Éropa | creator = | course = | served = | main_ingredient = Gandum | variations = | calories = | other = }} '''Mi''' iku panganan paling misuwur ing [[Asia]], mliginé ing bawana [[Asia Wétan]] lan [[Asia Kidul-wétan|Kidul-wétan]]. Miturut cathetan sajarah, mi kapisanan digawé ing [[Cina]] nalika jaman papréntahan [[dinasti Han]]. Saka [[Cina]], mi nyebar tekan [[Jepang]], [[Koréa]], [[Taiwan]] lan nagara-nagara ing [[Asia Tenggara]] tekan [[Éropa]]. Miturut buku-buku sajarah, ing [[Éropa]], mi wiwit dikenal sawisé [[Marco Polo]] nekani [[Cina]] lan nggawa jajan mi. Nanging ngrembakané ing [[Éropa]], mi saiki dadi pasta kaya kang kita mangertèni saiki.<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.lintasberita.com/Lifestyle/Kuliner/SEJARAH_DAN_ANEKA_JENIS_MIE lintasberita.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913205922/http://www.lintasberita.com/Lifestyle/Kuliner/SEJARAH_DAN_ANEKA_JENIS_MIE |date=2011-09-13 }} Mi (diaksès tanggal 10 Oktober 2011)</ref> Sajatiné seni nggiling [[gandum]] wis ana luwih dhisik ing [[Wétan Tengah]], kaya [[Mesir]] lan [[Pèrsi]]. Asale, mi diprodhuksi kanthi manuwal, nembé taun 700-an ana mesin kanggo nggawé mi sing ukurané cilik nganggo piranti mekanik. T.Masaki taun 1854 bisa nggawé mesin kanggo nggawé mi mekanik kang bisa mroduksi mi kanthi masal. Sakawit iku, mi ngalami akèh perkembangan, kaya ing [[Cina]] wiwit diprodhuksi mi instant kang jenengé [[Chicken Ramen]] lan ing ing [[Jepang]] jenengé [[Saparo Ramen]] (1962).<ref name="internet 2">[http://kopi-luwak.lefora.com/2009/02/21/sejarah-dan-aneka-jinis-mie/ kopi-luwak.lefora.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Mi (diaksés tanggal 10 Oktober 2011)</ref> <ref name="internet 3">[http://books.google.co.id/books?id=jFDR8t-WGVYC&pg=PR2&lpg=PR2&dq=sejarah+dan+aneka+jinis+mie&source=bl&ots=sgDAr8bfMc&sig=W3qm35LPoVrh6pIOolTN8d1OZCI&hl=id&ei=zSeSTu-9BISurAfG1ayjAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q&f=false] Mi (diaksés tanggal 10 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Jinis-jinis Mi == * Mi Seger, yaiku mi kang wis ora ngalami pangolahan lanjutan. Lumrahé mung tahan sadina amarga kandhutan banyu kang dhuwur, yaiku 35%. Mi seger lumrahé kanggo nggawé [[mi ayam]]. * Mi Teles, yaiku mi kang didol sajeroning kaanan teles. Kandhutan banyune dhuwur tekan 52% mula mung tahan 40jam. * Mi Garing utawa mi [[endhog]], amarga prosès nggawéne ditambahi endhog utawa glepung endhog. Bisa tahan suwé amarga kandhutan banyune mung 13%, biyasa digawé bahan kanggo nggawé mi goreng.. * Mi instan, mi kang paling pmisuwur, amarga praktis lan tahan luwih suwé. Kandhutan banyune mung 5-8%. Lumrahé digawé mi godhog utawa mi ggoreng.<ref name="internet 3"/> == Komposisi Mi == Komposisi bahané yaiku glepung terigu, banyu, endhog, uyah lan banyu awu utawa banyu ki supaya bisa kenyal.<ref name="internet 4">[http://bos-mieayam.com/?pg=articles&article=64326 bos-mieayam.com]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Mi (diaksés tanggal 10 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Cara Nggawé Mi == Prosès nggawé sing kapisananan yaiku kabèh bahan dicampur dadi siji nganti dadi adonan. Banjur adhonan diuleni nganti adonan kalis, lunyu, lan transparan. Sawisé iku adonan diwangun utawa diiris sesuai karo jinis mi kang arep digawé.<ref name="internet 5">[http://mie-web.tripod.com/aneka%20mie.htm tripod.com]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Mi (diaksés tanggal 10 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Jinis-jinisé Mi == * Cellophane noodles utawa suun. Suun digawé saka campuran glepung kenthang lan glepung kacang ijo. Mi jinis iki teksture empuk banget, cocog kanggo olahan sop, suun goreng utawa kanggo isi [[pastel]]. Suun didol garingan, direndem sajeroning banyu panas nganti lembut lan suun wis siyap diolah. * Mi endhog, digawé saka glepung trigu jinis ''hard wheat'' lan akèh nganggo endhog. Lumrahé didol garingan kanthi wujud bunder utawa gepeng. * Hokkien Noodles utawa mi Hong Kong. Wujudé kaya mi endhog, bunder, lan alus. Lumrahé didol kkanthi kaanan teles sajeroning wadhah kang kedhap udara. Mi iki cocog dogawé mi goreng atau mi godhog. * [[Ramen]] utawa mi kriting Cina. Didol sajeroning kaanan garing ing wadhah mi instan. Cocok diolah dadi mi goreng utawa mi godhog. * [[Rice stick noodles]] utawa [[kwetiau]], digawé saka glepung beras lan banyu. Ing pasaran didol garing lan teles. Kwetiau cocog kanggo digawé kwietiau goreng utawa godhog. * [[Somen noodles]] asalé saka [[Jepang]], digawé saka glepung gandum lan lenga. Teksture alus lan rasané gurih. Somen didol garingan, wujudé kaya sada, cocog kanggo masakan Jepang kang digodhog. * [[Soba noodles]] utawa mi Jepang. Dhapuré kaya [[mi somen]] nanging wernane klawu utawa ijo tuwa (ngandhut sari teh ijo), racaké didol garingan lan cocog kanggo didadèkaké mi godhog. * [[Rice Vermicelli]] utawa [[bihun]], digawé saka glepung beras, wernane putih resik lan teksture alus, gampang mateng dadi ora perlu digodhog. Cukup dikum ing banyu panas. Lumrahé didol garingan dibungkus plastik. Cocok kanggo soup lan bihun goreng. * [[Mi shoa]], asalé saka [[Cina]]. Digawé saka glepung beras, wernane putih lan gampang mateng, Cocok kanggo masak sop lan misoa goreng. * [[Wonton]] utawa [[kulit pangsit]]. Didol telesan dibungkus plastik. Dhapuré segi papat, lumrahé diolah kanthi warna-warna isi, bisa dikukus, digodhog utawa digoreng.<ref name="internet 6">[http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=1326001&page=2 kaskus.us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091129012520/http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=1326001&page=2 |date=2009-11-29 }} Mi (diaksés tanggal 10 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Kandungan Gizi == Sajeroning 100 gr mi kering ngandhut 338 Kal, protein7.6g, lemak 11.8g, karbohidrat 50.0g, mineral 1.7&nbsp;mg lan kalsium 49&nbsp;mg. Saka kandhutan gizine, kandhutan kalori saka mi mung sithik dadi cocog kanggo wong kang lagi diet.<ref name="internet 6"/> == Tips Ngolah Mi == * Manawa tuku mi sajeroning kemasan, gatekaké tanggal kedaluarsane, kawutuhan wadhah lan nomer register saka POM. * Godhog mi garing kanthi suwé lan umub, wektune sawatara 4-5 menit. * Mi teles akèh kandhutan banyuné saéngga gampang rusak. Jinis iki mung tahan sadina, sakluwihe, kualitas rasa, tekstur, lan higénisé bakal mudhun. * Aja nggodhog utawa masak mi kesuwèn amarga teksturé bakal rusak lan ora kenyal manèh.<ref name="internet 6"/> == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Mi]] [[Kategori:Panganan]] plyt1yw6v6tn6b0z873wetn8vrv2vrx 0 92210 1748948 1658763 2026-05-14T06:28:59Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748948 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Noszak.jpg|250px|thumb|Gunung Noshaq nalika wulan juli 2009, dipunpundhut fotonipun saking base camp]] * Inggilipun : 24.581 kaki * Inggilipun : 7592 mèter * Bawana : Asia * Nagara : [[Afganistan]] * Rentang / tlatah: Asia tengah * Rentang/Tlatah : Hindu Kush * Lintang : 36.43333 * Bujur : 71.9 * Wulan saé kanggé minggah : [[Juni]], [[Juli]], [[Agustus]], [[September]] * Taun kaping satunggal dipunminggahi : 1960 * Paminggah nomer satunggal : [[Toshiaki Sakai]], [[Goro Iwatsubo]] saking Ekspedisi [[jepang]] * Papan Anggegana ingkang paling cerak : [[Peshwar]]. [[Pakistan]] * Pusat Kutha : [[Chitral]], Pakistan<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=195] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806041116/http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=195 |date=2012-08-06 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 1 Oktober 2012)</ref> '''Noshaq''' inggih punika gunung ingkang paling inggil, ingkang dumunung wonten ing Afghanistan. Gunung punika urutan nomer kalih inggilipun, wonten ing [[Hindukush]]. Papanipun wonten ing sisih leripun [[Pakistan]], kaliyan gunung ingkang paling inggil wonten ing [[Kisaran]], [[Tirich Mir]]. Gunung punika gadhah ruten ingkang sekeca dipunminggahi. Nalika wonten ing wulan Fèbruari 1973 mangsa dingin, èkspèdhisi saking [[Polen]] saged minggah wonten ing gunung punika.<ref name="internet 1"/> Noshaq utawi Nowshak minangka puncak ingkang inggilipun urutan kaping kalih wonten Himdu Kush, sabibaripun [[Tirich Mir]] ingkang inggilipun 7.690 mèter. Gunung punika papanipun manggèn wonten ing watesanipun antawisipun [[Afghanistan]] kaliyan [[Pakistan]]. Sisih lèr kaliyan sisih kilèn gunung punika manggèn wonten ing Afganiskan, lan sisih lèr-wetanipun manggèn wonten ing Pakistan. Noshaq minangka gunung ingkang paling inggil wonten ing Afganistan, papanipunmanggen ownten ing [[garis Durand]] minangka pratandha watesanipun Pakistan. Akses ingkang paling gampil tumuju dhateng Gunung Noshaq inggih punika liwat [[Chitral]]. == Paminggahan == Paminggahan ingkang kaping pisan punika nalika taun 1960 déning Toshiaki Sakai kaliyan Goro Iwatsubo, anggota saking èkspèdhisi [[Jepang]]. Paminggahan gunung punika liwat sisih wétan kidulipun Qadzi Deh Glacier. Paminggahan nalika mangsa dingin ingkang kapisan nalika taun 1973 déning Andrej Zawada kaliyan Tadeusz Piotrowskin, anggota èkspèdhisi [[Polen]] liwat sisih lèr. Paminggahan kasebat saged dumugi puncak 7.000 mèter. Utawi 22.966 kaki Paminggahan déning warga Afghanistan nalika wulan Juli taun 2009. Kalih anggota saking sekawan warga Afghanistan saking [[Koridor Wakhan]] saged dumugi uncak nalika tanggal 19 Juli.<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.noshaq.com/&usg=ALkJrhgUPKbjCs2ULYEo1M6GjqKsScNwPQ]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 1 Oktober 2012)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Gunung]] p32plzc7uz9cc30taz4c2mu5a8if7gy 0 92741 1748929 1657605 2026-05-13T20:28:35Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748929 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Masherbrum.jpg|250px|thumb|Gunung Gasherbrum I dipunpundhut fotonipun nalika wulan juli 2004]] '''Masherbrum''' inggih punika pucuk gunung ingkang inggilipun urutan nomer 22 wonten ing donya, nomer 11 wonten ing [[Pakistan]]. Gunung punika papanipun dumunung wonten ing tlatah [[Baltistan]], pucuk ingkang inggil wonten ng madyaning [[karakoram]].<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.summitpost.org/masherbrum/304000](dipunundhuh tanggal 14 Oktober 2012)</ref> == Teges Masherbrum == Sejatosipun tegesipun nama gunung punika boten jelas. Kathah tiyang saking [[Baltistan]] pitads bilih nama gunung punika kapundhut saking tembung "Balti Mashadar" kaliyan "brum" tegesipun gunung. teges sanèsipun inggih punika masherbrum saking kalih tembung, "masha" ingkang tegesipun "ratu" utaw "wanita". Teges sanèsipun inggih punika kapundhut saking basa Arab, "Masher" tegesipun Kiamat. Teges sanèsipun inggih punika kathah ingkang mastani gunung punika "gunung pethak".<ref name="internet 1"/> == Paminggahan == Gunung Masherbrum kaping satunggal dipunminggahi déning Thomas Montgomerie. Gunung punika gadhah kalih pucuk ingkang inggil, kapin satunggal pucuk ingkang utami inggilipun 7.821 mèter kaliyan pucuk 'sementar' ingkang inggilipun 7.806 mèter. Pucuk gunung ingkang utami naante dpunmnggahi déning [[Amérika George Bell]] kaliyan [[Willi Unsoeld]] nalika tau 1960 liwat pucuk ingkang sementara utawi SW. Piyambakipun saperanganipun èkspèdhisi saking [[Amérika]]-[[Pakistan]] ingkang dipunpandegani déning [[Nick Clinch]]. Nalika tuan 1981 naté dipunminggahi denng tim saking [[Polen]] nanging ngalami bebayan. Masherbrum punika salah satunggaling gunung ingkang boten gampil dipunminggahi. Amargi kathah bebayan anggènipun minggahi gunung punika.<ref name="internet 1"/>. Wulan ingkang saé kanggé minggahi gunung masherbrum inggih punika wulan [[Juli]], [[Agustus]], [[September]].<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=167] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305105544/http://peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=167 |date=2016-03-05 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 14 Oktober 2012)</ref>. Gunung punika naté diumnggahi nalika taun 2003 denng Steve House, Marko Prezelj & Matic Jost kaliyan taun 2006 déning Tim [[Ruslan]].<ref name="internet 1"/> == Jadwal Paminggahan == Jadwal manawi badhé minggah gunung Masherbrum <ref name="internet 3">[http://www.hunzaguidespakistan.com/masherbrum.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828065648/http://www.hunzaguidespakistan.com/masherbrum.htm |date=2008-08-28 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 14 Oktober 2012)</ref>: * Dinten 1 Islamabad * Dinten 2 Briefing wonten ing Departemen Pariwisata * Dinten 3 tumuju Chilas wonten ing KKH nitih minibus * Dinten 4 tumuju Skardu nitih minibus * Dinten 5 Hhire Porters * Dinten 6 tumuju Hushe * Dinten 7 Siacho / Dalsampa * Dinten 9 tumuju Base Camp Masherbrum * Dinten 10-36 Minggah gunung * Dinten 37 wangsul dhateng Dalsampa / Siacho / Hushe * Dinten 40 wangsul dhateng Skardu * Dinten 41 wangsul dhateng Chilas * Dinten 42 wangsul Islamabad * Dinten 43 De-Briefing wonten ing Departemen Pariwisata == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Gunung]] 86dcs5d4cqhgg7ou14335usnhwdv38h 0 92797 1748931 1250278 2026-05-13T21:58:12Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Menara Muztagh''' inggih punika gunung ingkang ageng sanget. Gunung punika inggilipun 7273 mèter utawi 23.860 kaki<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.mountain-forecast.com/peaks/Muztagh-Tower / Muztagh Tower ](dipunundhuh tanggal 13 Oktober 2012)</ref>. Gunung punika gadhah sekawan sisih ingkang tumuju dhateng langit. Gunung punika kalebet dados gunung ingkang paling sungit dipunminggahi wonten ing [[karakoram]]. Angel dipunminggahi amargi papanipun gunung punika wonten ing cekungan antawisipun [[Baltoro]] kaliyan [[Laggo Sarpo Gletser]].<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=188 / Muztagh Tower ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417173331/http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=188 |date=2008-04-17 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 13 Oktober 2012)</ref> == Paminggahan == Wulan ingkang saé kanggé minggah Muztagh Tower inggih punika wulan [[Juli]], [[Agustus]], kaliyan [[September]]. GUmumg punika dipunminggahi nalika taun 1956 déning John Hartog, Joe Brown, Tom Patey, Ian McNaught Davis, saking British èkspèdhisi.<ref name="internet 2"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Gunung]] 1lf51yaftgaezovscnr1w3a0pvur7an 0 96253 1748941 1732723 2026-05-14T02:36:18Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Museum | name = Musiyum Lambung Mangkurat | image = [[File:Museum Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru.jpg|275px]] | imagesize = | caption = Musiyum Lambung Mangkurat di [[Banjarbaru]], [[Kalimantan Selatan]] 2025 | map_type = | map_caption = | latitude = | longitude = | established = 10 Januari 1979 | dissolved = | location = Jl. Jend. Ahmad Yani Km. 36, [[Banjarbaru Utara, Banjarbaru|Banjarbaru Utara]], [[Banjarbaru]], [[Kalimantan Selatan]], Indonesia | type = Museum etnologi (etnografi) | visitors = | director = | curator = | publictransit = | website = {{url|https://muslam.kalselprov.go.id/}} }} '''Musiyum Lambung Mangkurat''' punika satunggaling papan wisata [[sajarah]] awujud [[musiyum]] ingkang mapan wonten ing kutha [[Kutha Banjarbaru|Banjarbaru]], cedhak [[Banjarmasin]], [[Kalimantan Selatan|Kalimantan Kidul]] <ref name="muséum1">[http://www.wisatamelayu.com/id/tour/180-Museum-Lambung-Mangkurat/navgeo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623210555/http://www.wisatamelayu.com/id/tour/180-Museum-Lambung-Mangkurat/navgeo |date=2012-06-23 }}, (id) Museum Lambung Mangkurat (dipun''akses'' tanggal 21 Januari 2013).</ref>. Kirang langkung 35 kilomèter saking Banjarmasin <ref name="muséum2">[http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/forum/showthread.php?520-Lambung-Mangkurat-Museum-Banjarbaru-South-Kalimantan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120810082208/http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/forum/showthread.php?520-Lambung-Mangkurat-Museum-Banjarbaru-South-Kalimantan |date=2012-08-10 }}, (en) Lambung Mangkurat Museum Banjarbaru South Kalimantan (dipun''akses'' tanggal 21 Januari 2013).</ref>. Ing Musiyum Lambung Mangkurat punika para wisatawan saged mirsani kala rumiyin ing masa sadèrèngipun Kalimantan Selatan dados satunggaling provinsi ing [[Indonésia]]. Musiyum Lambung Mangkurat punika paring kawruh babagan pangembangan masarakat Banjar saking jaman purba, inggih punika nalika taksih ngginakaken perkakas saking [[watu]] dumugi pangembangan kraton-kraton ingkang naté wonten lan paring prabawa ing Kalimantan Selatan <ref name="muséum1" />. == Koleksi == Museéum Lambung Mangkurat punika resmi kaginakaken ing taun 1979. Wangunan musiyum mau kanthi arsitèktur griya tradhisional Banjar, ''Tumah Bubungan Tinggi'' ingkang dipuncampur kaliyan gaya modhèren <ref name="muséum1" />. Koleksi Musiyum Lambung Mangkurat ing Banjarbaru punika dumugi 12.020 koleksi. Koleksi-koleksi mau dipundalem klasifikasi dados 10 jinis inggih punika: [[Géologi]] utawi [[Géografi]], [[Etnografika]], [[Biologi]], [[Arkéologi]], [[Historika]], [[Numismatika]] utawi [[Heraldika]], [[Filologi]], [[Keramologi]], [[Seni Rupa]], lan Teknologi <ref name="muséum3">[http://yptravel.com/wisata/muséum-lambung-mangkurat], (id) Museum Lambung Mangkurat (dipun''akses'' tanggal 21 Januari 2013).</ref>. Barang koleksi musiyum punika kados ta tilaran [[Kasultanan Banjar|Kesultanan Banjar]], [[Candhi Agung]], [[Candhi Laras]], perkakas saking [[watu]], ukiran [[kayu Ulin]], perkakas tetanèn lan perabot ''rumah tangga'', [[piranti musik]] tradhisional lan taksih kathah malih <ref name="muséum1" />. Salah satunggaling mahakarya ingkang wonten punika prahu kas Banjar ingkang kawéntar kanthi nama ''prahu tambangan''. Musiyum Lambung Mangkurat punika kapérang dados kalih lantai. Lantai kapisan punika wonten tigang ruangan paméran déné ingkang satunggal punika ruwang paméran ingkang tinarbuka. Ing ruwang paméran ingkang tinarbuka, para wisatawan saged mirsani tigang piranti transportasi kali masarakat Banjar inggih punika ''Jukung sudur'', ''Prahu pandan liris'', lan ''Jukung tambangan''. Ing salah satunggaling ruwang ingkang katutup punika para wisatawan saged mirsani pirantos ingkang dipun-ginakaken nalika masa [[prasajarah]], kados ta [[beliung]], [[kapak bahu]], [[pahat kapak lonjong]], tuangan kapak [[perunggu]], lan sanèsipun. Lajeng ing ruwang paméran ingkang katutup sanèsipun para wisatawan saged mirsani manéka tilaran [[Karajan Banjar]]. Ugi saged mirsani manéka wujud griya tradhisional Banjar kados ''Bubungan Tinggi'', ''Gajah Manyusu'', lan sanèsipun <ref name="muséum3" />. Wonten ing lantai kalih wonten lukisan foto ètnis lan peta panyebaran [[bebrayan]] ingkang wonten ing wewengkon Kalimantan Selatan. Kajawi punika para wisatawan ugi saged mirsani étalase ingkang nedahaken daur gesangipun masarakat Banjar, saking wiyos dumugi sédanipun <ref name="muséum1" />. == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Musiyum ing Kalimantan Kidul]] f12btnof56ul9f0e60joj8j5c11xr96 0 96500 1748923 1657397 2026-05-13T14:29:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748923 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Fries cooking.jpg|thumb|250px|Lenga gorèng]] '''Lenga gorèng''' ya iku lenga kan asalé saka gajih [[tuwuhan]] utawa kéwan kang dimurnèkake lan wujudé cair ing suhu kamae lan racaké kanggo nggoreng [[panganan]].<ref name="internet5"/> Lenga goreng saka tuwuhan racaké saka tuwuhan kaya [[kelapa]], [[winih]], [[kacang]], [[jagung]], [[kedele]], lan [[kanola]].<ref name="internet5">[http://jakarta.clubdiscussion.net/t25-peranan-minyak-goreng-dalam-menu-masakan Club Discussion Jakarta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129103704/http://jakarta.clubdiscussion.net/t25-peranan-minyak-goreng-dalam-menu-masakan |date=2013-11-29 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Januari 2013)</ref> == Rusake lenga gorèng == Lenga gorèng racaké bisa digunakaké nganti ping [[3]] utawa [[4]] panggorengan.<ref name="internet4"/> Yèn digunakaké terus-terusan, warna lenga bakalan maleh.<ref name="internet4"/> Rikala dianggo nggoreng, ikatan rangkap kang ana ing asem lemak tak jenuh bakal pedot lan mbentuk asem lemak jenuh.<ref name="internet4"/> Lenga kang apik ya iku lenga kang ngandut asem lemak tak jenuh kang luwih akèh tinimbang karo kandhutan asem lemak jenuhe.<ref name="internet4">[http://web.ipb.ac.id/~tpg/de/pubde_fdsf_mykgoreng.php Minyak Goreng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107032429/http://web.ipb.ac.id/~tpg/de/pubde_fdsf_mykgoreng.php |date=2012-01-07 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Januari 2013)</ref> Sawisé dianggo ping prang-pirang, asem lemak kang ana ing lenga bakal saya jenuh.<ref name="internet3"/> Kaanan kang kaya ngono diarani lenga jelantah utawa lenga wis rusak.<ref name="internet3"/> panganggo lenga kang ping pirang-pirang bakal nggawe ikatan rangkap lenga teroksidasi mbentuk gugus peroksida lan monomer siklik, lenga kang kaya ngono wis rusak lan ora apik kanggo kasarasan.<ref name="internet3"/> Suhu kang saya dhuwur lan saya suwé manasi, nyebabake kadar asem lemak jenuh bakal saya munggah.<ref name="internet3"/> Minyak nabati kang duwé kadar asem lemak dhuwur bakal njalari panganan kang digoreng dadi mbebayani kasarasan.<ref name="internet3"/> Saliyané amarga dianggo nggoreng bola-bali, lenga bisa rusa amarga kesuwen disimpen saéngga ikatan trigliserida pecah dadi gliserol lan asem lemak bébas.<ref name="internet3">[http://www.resep.web.id/keséhatan/minyak-goreng-dan-kolesterol.htm Minyak goreng dan kolesterol]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Januari 2013)</ref> == Sumber == Biasane lenga gorèng asalé saka lenga [[kelapa sawit]].<ref name="internet2"/> Lenga kelapa bisa minangka nggoreng amarga struktur lengane kang duwé ikatan rangkep saéngga lengane bisa kelebu lemak tak jenuh kang siate stabil.<ref name="internet2"/> Saliyané iku ing lenga kelapa duwé asem lemak esensial kang ora bisa disintesis karo [[awak]].<ref name="internet2"/> Asam lemak mau iku asem palmitat, stearat, olet lan linoleat.<ref name="internet2">[http://www.rsi.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=44:menjaga-khasiat-minyak-goreng&catid=7:tips-keséhatan&Itemid=10 RSI Cempaka]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Januari 2013)</ref> Lenga kang racaké kanggo nggoreng saliyané lenga kelapa sawit ya iku lenga palm kernel, parl olein, palm stearin lan tallow.<ref name="internet1"/> Saliyané iku ana uga lenga liya kaya lenga winih [[anggur]], [[kembang srengéngé]], [[kedele]], lan [[zaitun]].<ref name="internet1"/> lenga-lenga iku ora trep yèn kanggo nggoreng nanging lenga-lenga iki duwé kandhutan asem lemak kang dhuwur lan racaké digunakaké mawa bahan tambahan ing salad lan panganan liya.<ref name="internet1">[http://rumahkanker.com/pencegahan/pencegahan/69-minyak-goreng-yang-aman Rumah Kangker]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Januari 2013)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Bahan masakan]] [[Kategori:Lenga]] indl4384rcjwrjntcapjoi6ox2f3cer 0 99297 1748944 1676678 2026-05-14T03:27:28Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox TV channel| name= M6| logosize=125px| logofile=M6 Logo.png| launch= [[1 Maret]] [[1987]] at 11:15 am| share= 11.0%| share as of= April 2008| share source= <ref>http://www.mediametrie.fr/resultats.php?resultat_id=537&rubrique=tv</ref>| owner= [[Métropole Télévision]] (51,2%) [[RTL Group]] (48,8%)| country= {{flagcountry|Prancis}} lan {{flagcountry|Switserlan}}| replaced names= TV6 <small>(dipunluncuraken 1986, dipuntutup [[28]] [[Fèbruari]], [[1987]])</small> | former names= RTL6 <small>(1986 project) </small>| web= <ref>http://www.m6.fr</ref>| terr serv 1=SECAM| terr chan 1=kanthi normal dipunpindhahaken dhateng 6| terr serv 2=[[Télévision Numérique Terrestre|TNT]]| terr chan 2=Saluran 6| sat serv 1=[[CanalSat]]| sat chan 1=Saluran 6| cable serv 1= [[Noos]]| cable chan 1= Saluran 6| cable serv 2= [[MC Cable]]| cable chan 2= Saluran 9| cable serv 3= [[Cablecom]]| cable chan 3= Saluran 112| dummy parameter=| |}} '''Métropole 6''' utawi langkung asring dipuntepangi minangka '''M6''', inggih punika sawijining layanan [[televisi]] [[Perancis]] ingkang minangka kagunganipun parusahan '''Métropole Télévision'''. M6 nyiaraken sinyal [[SECAM]] ing-inggil-toya, lan ugi wonten ing satelit siar [[Atlantic Bird 3]]. M6 ugi nyiarkan sinyal digital dhateng [[Switserlan]] lumantar satelit siar W3A. Taun [[2004]], saluran punika dados layanan televisi pribadi ingkang kathah piyambak angka kalih ingkang dipunpirsani ing [[Perancis]], sasampuning [[TF1]]. Saluran TV sanès ing portofolio M6 ngambah saluran terrestrial digital [[W9 (televisi)|W9]] lan saluran kabel digital [[M6 Music|M6 Music Hits]], [[M6 Music Black]], [[M6 Music Rock]] lan [[Fun TV]]. M6 dipunluncuraken tanggal [[1]] [[Maret]] [[1987]] jam 11:15 énjing. CET nggantosaken [[TV6 France|TV6]]. Rai on-air M6 nedahaken bilih layananipun katujokaken dhateng para remaja lan remaja diwasa. Program pada jadwalnya terdiri dari: * '''Acara TV [[Amérikah Sarékat]]''': [[Desperate Housewives]] ; [[NCIS (serial TV)|NCIS]] ''(NCIS: enquêtes spéciales)'' ; [[Prison Break]] ; [[Medium (serial TV)|Medium]] ''(Médium)'' ; [[My Name Is Earl]] ''(Earl)'' ; [[NUMB3RS]] ; [[Bones (serial TV)|Bones]] ; [[Scrubs (serial TV)|Scrubs]] ; [[The Unit]] ''(The Unit : commando d'élite)'' ; [[Stargate Atlantis]] ; [[Nip/Tuck]] ; [[Californication (TV series)|Californication]] ; [[Kyle XY]] ; [[Everybody Hates Chris]] ''(Tout le monde déteste Chris)'' ; [[Supernatural (serial TV)|Supernatural]] dan [[Smallville (serial TV)|Smallville]]. * '''Program Amérika''': [[High School Musical]] ; [[America's Got Talent]] ''(Incroyable Talent)''. * '''Acara TV [[Britania Raya]]''': [[Primeval (serial TV)|Primeval]]. * Acara TV Britania berikut disiarkan di M6: [[Footballers' Wives]] ''(Femme$ de footballeurs)'' ; [[Queer as Folk (serial TV Britania Raya)|Queer as Folk]] ; [[Totally Frank]] ; [[Bugs (serial TV)|Bugs]] ; lan [[Hex (serial TV)|Hex]] ''(Hex : la malédiction)''. * Acara jurnalisme investigasi, kados Capital, Zone interdite lan Enquête Exclusive. * Program cekak ingkang dangu operasi, kados Turbo, CinéSix, dan E=M6, lan [[video musik]]. Taun 2001, M6 dados saluran televisi Perancis kapisanan ingkang nyiarkan program realita. Program ing genre ingkang kapisanan inggih punika ''[[Loft Story (Perancis)|Loft Story]]'', lan asring dipuntonton. Présidhèn TF1 nalika punika, Étienne Mougeotte, janji bilih TF1 boten badhé nyiarkan program realita napa-napa. Nanging, sapérangan taun candhakipun, TF1 nandatangani kontrak kaliyan [[Endemol]] kanggé nyiarkan program sajinis punika. Endemol minangka parusahan ingkang sami ingkang damel ''Loft Story'' kanggé M6.<ref>http://www.m6.fr Official Site{{fr icon}}</ref> M6 inggih punika salah satunggaling saluran televisi ing Perancis ingkang gadhah program fiksi ilmiah minangka péranganing jadwal regulèeripun. [[Drama]] [[supernatural]] dipunsiaraken ing Setu wengi ingkang dipunsebut M6 minangka "la trilogie du samedi". == Program == * ''6 minutes (local and national editions) and 12:50 (national edition)'', Afternoon and evening news. * ''Zone Interdite'', [[majalah berita#majalah berita televisi|Majalah berita]] * ''Capital'', kalawarti pawarta ékonomi. * ''Enquête Exclusive'' , kalawarti invèstigasi. * ''66 minutes'' kalawarti pawarta minggon. * ''Turbo'', kalawarti reged. * ''D&CO'' , kalawarti dekorasi. * ''Chef ,la recette'', kalawarti kulinèr * ''Hit machine'', acara musikal. * ''M6 Kid'', program kanggé laré-laré. * ''Pekin Express'', adhaptasi Perancis saking acara CBS "The Amazing Race". * ''Nouvelle star'', (adapatasi Perancis saking [[Idol series|Pop Idol]]) [[televisi realita]] * ''[[Kaamelott]]'' * ''Off Prime'' == Program sadèrèngipun == * ''Culture Pub'', acara bab iklan televisi * ''Graines de star'', acara kontestan berbakat * ''[[Loft Story]]'' (adhaptasi Perancis saking Big Brother), M6 lan [[televisi realita|acara realita]] kapisanan ing Perancis * ''Morning Live'', acara énjing * ''[[Caméra Café]], komedi * ''Nouvelle Star'' (adhaptasi Perancis saking Pop Idol) * ''[[:fr:Êtes-vous plus fort qu'un élève de 10 ans ?|Êtes-vous plus fort qu'un élève de 10 ans ?]]'', adhaptasi Perancis dari [[Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?]] == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} * [http://www.m6.fr/html/m6_infos/le-12-50/le1250.php M6 news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221152641/http://www.m6.fr/html/m6_infos/le-12-50/le1250.php |date=2009-02-21 }} {{fr icon}} * [http://medias.lenodal.com/result.php?page=1&lachaine=M6&lenom=Tous&lemission=Toutes&lannee=Toutes&lanneeint=&special=&id_sel=&class=annee TV idents since 1987]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{fr icon}} * [http://www.gentv.be/affichage.php?chaine=M6 TV Idents of M6] {{French television stations}} [[Kategori:Stasiun televisi]] [[Kategori:Prancis]] 125i54s303ip5vp388x57b994povyyr 0 99485 1748937 1733968 2026-05-14T00:34:58Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Writer | name = Jean-Baptiste Poquelin | image = Molière - Nicolas Mignard (1658).jpg | imagesize = 250px | caption = Lukisan Molière karya [[Nicolas Mignard]] | pseudonym = Molière | birth_date = [[15 Januari]] [[1622]] | birth_place = [[Paris]], [[Prancis]] | death_date = [[17 Fèbruari]] [[1673]] | death_place = [[Paris]], [[Prancis]] | occupation = [[Dramawan]] | nationality = [[Orang Prancis|Prancis]] | period = [[1645]]-[[1673]] | genre = [[Komedi]] | subject = | movement = | notableworks = ''Tartuffe''; ''The Misanthrope''; ''The Learned Women''; ''The School for Wives'' | spouse = [[Armande Béjart]] | partner = [[Madeleine Béjart]] | children = | relations = | influences = [[Commedia dell'arte]] | influenced = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Jean-Baptiste Poquelin''', ugi kawéntar minangka ''nama panggung'' '''Molière''' <ref name="moliere2" /> ,({{lahirmati|[[Paris]], [[Prancis]]|15|1|1622|[[Paris]], [[Prancis]]|17|2|1673}})<ref name="moliere4" /><ref name="moliere5">[http://www.biography.com/people/moliere-38262 Moliere biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302215922/http://www.biography.com/people/moliere-38262 |date=2013-03-02 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 9 April 2013)</ref><ref name="dramatist1">[http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/388302/Moliere Molière (Introduction)], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 14 April 2013)</ref> inggih punika satunggaling [[dramawan]] lan [[aktor]] Prancis ingkang dipunwastani minangka salah satunggaling ''[[empu]]'' [[komedi|komèdi]] wonten ing kasusastraan Kulon <ref name="dramatist1" />.<ref>Hartnoll, p. 554. "Author of some of the finest comedies in the history of the theater." and Roy, p. 756. "...one of the theatre's greatest comic artists."</ref> Sapérangan saking karya Molière ingkang kondhang inggih punika ''[[Le Misanthrope]],'' (''The Misanthrope''), ''[[L'Ecole des femmes]]'' (''The School for Wives''),'' [[Tartuffe|Tartuffe ou l'Imposteur]],'' (''Tartuffe or the Hypocrite''), ''[[L'Avare]]'' (''The Miser''), ''[[Le Malade imaginaire]]'' (''The Imaginary Invalid''), lan ''[[Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme]]'' (''The Bourgeois Gentleman''). Molière punika asalipun saking kulawarga ingkang tansah cekap lan naté sekolah wonten ing [[Jesuit]] Clermont College (sapunika [[Lycée Louis-le-Grand]]), Molière punika panci tiyang ingkang trep kanggé nggarap babagan teater. Pengalaman kanthi dangu tigawelas taun minangka aktor mubeng ndadosaken keprigelan anggènipun ing donyaning komedi nalika piyambakipun ugi wiwit nyerat, nggabungaken unsur-unsur [[Commedia dell'Arte]] kaliyan komèdi Prancis ingkang langkung inggil.<ref>Roy, p. 756.</ref> Lantaran pambiyantu sapérangan aristokrat kalebet adhi kandung [[Louis XIV]], Molière medal wonten ing pagelaran ingkang dipuntanggap déning sang Raja ing [[Louvre]] <ref name="dramawan3">[http://www.mccarter.org/Education/tartuffe/html/3.html Molière Biography - By Janice Paran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113081623/http://www.mccarter.org/Education/tartuffe/html/3.html |date=2011-11-13 }}, (dipun''akses tanggal 9 April 2013)</ref>. Nglakonaken satunggaling drama klasik karya [[Pierre Corneille]] lan satunggaling [[''farce'']] karyanipun piyambak, ''Le Docteur amoureux'' (''The Doctor in Love''), Molière pikantuk ngginakaken ruwang [[Salle du Petit-Bourbon]] ing Louvre, satunggaling aula kanggé manéka pagelaran teater. Lajeng, Molière pikantuk ngginakaken [[Palais-Royal]]. Ing kalih papan mau piyambakipun pikantuk atur sapala saking para warga Paris kanthi drama-drama kados ta ''[[Les Précieuses ridicules]]'' <ref name="moliere2">[http://repository.upi.edu/operator/upload/s_c0751_056225_chapter1.pdf Les précieuses ridicules karya Molière]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, (dipun''akses tanggal 9 April 2013)</ref> (''The Affected Ladies''), ''[[L'École des maris]]'' (''The School for Husbands'') lan ''[[L'École des femmes]]'' (''The School for Wives''). Saénipun pihak [[pura|astana]] punika lajeng medalaken dana pènsiyun kanggé kelompokipun lan gelar ''"Troupe du Roi"'' (Kelompok Teater Raja). Molière lajeng nyambut damel minangka panyerat resmi kanggé adicara panglipur astana.<ref name="Roy, p. 756-7">Roy, p. 756-7.</ref> Sanajan Molière punika dipunremeni déning pihak astana lan warga Paris, satir-satir karya Molière punika mancing kritik saking kaum moralis lan pihak [[Gréja]]. ''[[Tartuffe|Tartuffe ou l'Imposteur]]'' (''Tartuffe or the Hypocrite'')<ref name="dramawan2">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/388302/Moliere/12112/Last-plays Last plays], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 16 April 2013)</ref> lan seranganipun marang kamunafikan religius tansah pikantuk kecaman saking pihak Gréja <ref name="moliere1">[http://www.bukabuku.com/browse/bookdetail/54075/tartuffe.html Tartuffe], (dipun''akses tanggal 9 April 2013)</ref> déné ''[[Don Juan]]'' dipunpenging pentas. Upayanipun Molière ing manéka bab lan profesi ing donyaning teater wiwit nganggu kasarasanipun lan ing taun 1667, Molière kedah ngaso saking donyaning panggung. Ing taun 1673 nalika méntasaken karya pungkasanipun ''[[Le Malade imaginaire]]'' (''The Imaginary Invalid''), Molière, ingkang gerah [[tuberkulosis|TBC]] paru-paru, ujug-ujug watuk tanpa mandeg nalika meranaken dados Argan ingkang gerah [[hipokondria]] <ref name="dramawan6" />. Piyambakipun ngrampungaken pagelaran mau nanging banjur semaput lan tilar donya <ref name="moliere7">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/388302/Moliere Molière], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 9 April 2013)</ref>. Nalika gesangipun wonten ing Paris, Molière saestu damel reformasi Prancis.<ref name="Roy, p. 756-7"/> == Pagesangan == Putra saking ahli dékorasi interior (''tapissier'') Jean Poquelin, keturunan satunggaling kulawarga ageng penyadé saking [[Beauvais]] lan Marie Cressé, putri saking satunggaling kulawarga ''borjuis'', Jean Baptiste Poquelin kélangan ibunipun nalika umur 10 taun <ref name="dramatist2">[http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/388302/Moliere/12109/Beginnings-in-theatre Beginnings in theatre], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 14 April 2013)</ref> lan katingalipun boten celak kaliyan bapakipun. Bibar ibunipun séda, piyambakipun manggèn kaliyan bapakipun wonten ing nginggilipun Pavillion de Singes di rue Saint-Honoré ing satunggaling wewengkon èlit Paris. Prakiraan paling ageng punika pendidikanipun kawiwitan ing sekolah omahan ing Paris; lajeng piyambakipun ketampi wonten ing [[Jesuit]] College de Clermont ingkang ''bergengsi''. Wonten ing mriku piyambakipun ngrampungaken sekolahipun ing lingkungan akademis ingkang ketat lan kaku <ref name="moliere6">[http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc35.html Moliere], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 11 April 2013)</ref>. Nalika umur 18 taun Jean Poquelin sampun ngatur supados putranipun marisi gelaripun (''"Tapissier ordinaire de la chambre du Roi"'') ingkang sampun piyambakipun tumbas saking asil saking nyambut damel wonten ing proyek pawiyaran ruwang-ruwang astana ingkang dipunprakarsani déning [[Richelieu]]. Gelar mau namung mbetahaken nyambut damel 3 wulan lan ongkos wiwitan 1200 livre; gelar mau kanthi gaji 300 livre setaun lan lan maringi sapérangan kontrak ingkang mbathèni. Poquelin enèm ugi naté ngangsu kawruh minangka pengacara provinsi nalika taun [[1642]]<ref name="moliere8">[http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ma-Mo/Moli-re.html MoliÈre Biography], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 12 April 2013)</ref>, ing [[Orléans]], nanging boten dipunsebataken menapa piyambakipun lulus menapa boten. Kala punika piyambakipun ndhèrèk menapa gegayuhan bapakipun. Piyambakipun naté srawung kaliyan kalangan ningrat lan kadosipun pakaryan ingkang saé sampun samekta, mangsa ngajeng ingkang saé kanggé priyantun enèm kanthi umur 20 ing Prancis abad kaping 17. Lajeng Molière dados boten remen malih kaliyan gegayuhan bapakipun. Nalika umur 21 taun piyambakipun langkung milih nyambut damel ing donyaning panggung. Ing wulan [[Juni]] [[1643]] piyambakipun nilaraken kalungguhan sosial lan rencana kulawarga kanggé mangsa ngajengipun lajeng ing donyaning teater <ref name="moliere8" />. Bibar nilaraken bapakipun, piyambakipun gabung kaliyan [[Madeleine Béjart]] ingkang ayu ingkang naté kaloka lajeng damel [[L'Illustre Théâtre]] mawi béaya 630 livre. Sedhèrèk-sedhèrèk boten dangu lajeng ugi gabung. Kelompok teater ingkang nembé jumeneng mau bangkrut ing taun [[1645]]<ref name="moliere6" /><ref name="moliere8" />. Molière sampun dados pimpinan golongan mau, amargi sapérangan kesagedan akting lan pendidikan hukumipun. Nanging golongan mau gadhah utang ingkang ageng <ref name="moliere8" />, sapérangan ageng kanggé béaya nyéwa papan pagelaran (satunggaling lapangan tenis kanggé Jeu de Paume) saéngga gadhah utang 2000 livre. Para ahli sajarah kathah ingkang bènten pamanggihipun babagan sinten ingkang nglunasi utang mau, bapakipun utawi pacar saking salah satunggal anggota golongan mau ; ingkang kedah dipuncathet punika bibar 24 mlebet kunjara, Molière aktif malih wonten ing donyaning kagunan peran. Kala punika Molière wiwit ngginakaken [[pseudonim]] ([[sesinglon]]) ''Molière'', punika saged ugi kainspirasi déning satunggaling désa alit kanthi nama sami ing wewengkon [[Prancis Selatan|Prancis Kidul]] ingkang celak kaliyan [[Le Vigan]]. Prakiraan piyambakipun ngewahi namanipun kanggé njagi namanipun sang bapak saking isin amargi gadhah satunggaling aktor ing kulawarganipun (profesi aktor, sanajan boten dipunanggep andhap déning nagara ing mangsa pamaréntahan [[Louis XIV]]<ref name="moliere8" />, taksih kénging dipunkubur ing pamakaman umum). Bibar sampun bébas saking kunjara, Molière lan Madeleine ngawontenaken pagelaran teater mubengi provinsi. Pagesangan ingkang kados makaten kelampahan kirang langkung 12 taun, wiwitanipun Molière namung dolanan [[Charles Dufresne]] lajeng damel kelompokipun piyambak ingkang sukses lan pikantuk panjurung saking rayi kandhung Raja, [[Philippe d'Orléans]]. Wonten sapérangan karya ingkang taksih wonten ing mangsa sapunika ingkang dipundokumentasiaken déning [[La Grange]]. Ingkang paling patut punika ''[[L'Etourdi]]'' lan ''[[Le docteur amoureux]]''. Kanthi kalih karya punika Molière lajeng nilaraken prabawa [[Commedia dell'arte]] Italia kanthi gaya improvisasi ingkang sampun mlebet ing karyanipun ingkang wiwitan lan nedahaken kapinteran anggènipun ngolok-olok ingkang samangké dados andelanipun. Wonten ing lelampahan piyambakipun kepanggih kaliyan Pangeran Conti, gubernur [[Languedoc]] ingkang dados panyokongipun lan maringi nama kelompokipun kanthi nama sang Pangeran. Kekancan punika lajeng kapungkasan, nalika Conti bibar kénging [[sifilis]] (kasil saking nelasaken dalu kaliyan ''pelacur'', sanès kaliyan ''gundik''ipun) gadhah upaya nyelakaken piyambakipun kaliyan agami supados énggal waras saking penyakitipun. Conti ngangkat satunggaling penasihat keagaaman, trep kaliyan ''pakulinan'' ing jaman mau ingkang menging piyambakipun srawung lan nyokong aktor kanggé gabung kaliyan mungsuh-mungsuh Molière wonten ing ''Parti des Dévots'' lan Compagnie de Saint Sacrement <ref name="dramawan5">[http://biography.yourdictionary.com/moliere Molière Facts]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, (dipun''akses tanggal 9 April 2013)</ref>. Ing [[Lyon]], [[Mademoiselle Duparc]] ingkang dipunmangertosi minangka ''Marquise'' gabung kaliyan golongan Molière. Kala punika Marquise terus dipuncelaki kanthi sia-sia déning [[Pierre Corneille]] lajeng dados pasangan [[Jean Racine]]. Racine nawekaken karya tragedinipun ''[[Théagène et Chariclée]]'' dhateng Molière (satunggal saking sapérangan karya wiwitan ingkang dipunserat Racine bibar nilaraken studi [[téyologi]]), nanging Molière boten purun mentasaken, sanajan piyambakipun nguyak Racine supados tansah nguyak kariripun. Boten dangu bibar punika Molière dukha marang Racine nalika dipunmangertosi bilih Racine kanthi ndelik-ndelik sampun ngandharaken karya tragedinipun dhateng golongan teater [[Hôtel de Bourgogne]] <ref name="dramawan4" />. === Dugi ing Paris === Molière kepeksa dugi ing [[Paris]] kanthi ''bertahap'', manggèn wonten ing njawi pinten minggu kanggé ngakrabaken piyambakipun kaliyan kaum ingkang terpandang lan nengga supados reputasinipun nyebar ing Paris. Molière dugi ing Paris nalika taun [[1658]] lan péntas wonten ing ngajengipun Raja ing [[Louvre]] (rumiyin dipunséwakaken minangka papan pagelaran) wonten ing karya tragèdi Corneille kanthi irah-irahan ''[[Nicomède]]'' lan wonten ing satunggaling ''[[farce]]'' kanthi irah-irahan ''Le docteur amoureux'' (''The Doctor in Love'') lajeng suksès. Piyambakipun pikantuk gelar ''Troupe de [[Monsieur]]'' (''Monsieur'' ingkang dipunmaksud punika rayi kandhung Raja) lan kanthi pambiyantu saking Monsieur, kelompokipun gabung ing satunggaling golongan [[Commedia dell'arte]] kondhang saking Italia. Piyambakipun dados kondhang sanget ing kelompokipun, ''Petit-Bourbon'', lan ing tanggal [[18 Novèmber]] [[1659]], piyambakipun méntasaken pagelaran perdana ''Les Précieuses Ridicules'' (''[[Les Précieuses ridicules|The Affected Young Ladies]]'')<ref name="moliere6" /><ref name="dramawan5"/>. ''Les Précieuses Ridicules'' punika ingkang kapisan saking sapérangan karya Molière anggènipun damel satir ngèngingi tumindak lan éthok-éthok tartamtu wonten ing masarakat ingkang kathah kadadosan ing Prancis. Kalangan wiyar nampi panyaruwé bilih alur saking cariyos punika dhedhasar ''Le Cercle des Femmes'' karya [[Samuel Chappuzeau]] saking taun [[1656]]. Molière intinipun nyindir [[Académie Française]], satunggaling 'organisasi' ingkang dipundamel déning Richelieu kanggé ngorganisir lan damel klasifikasi paugeran-paugeran kanggé donyaning téater Prancis ingkang nembé mekar, lan dipunaturaken supados sadaya gadhah kaseragaman wekdal lan tumindak, ''gaya bersajak''. Molière asring dipungayutaken kaliyan andharan bilih komèdi punika ''castigat ridendo mores'' utawi "ngritik adat-istiadat ngginakaken [[humor]]" satunggaling pocapan ingkang sajatosipun dipundamel déning tiyang ingkang gesang satunggal mangsa kaliyan Molière, [[Jean de Santeuil]] lan kadang kala dipunwastani minangka [[pratélan frasa Latin|peribasa Latin]] lawas. === Pucuking kamasyhuran === [[Gambar:Moliere-statue.jpg|thumb|250px|Patung the Hôtel de Ville of Paris]] Sanajan remenipun punika marang tragedi ingkang sampun piyambakipun cobi majengaken lantaran ''Illustre Theatre'', Molière dados kondhang amargi karya-karya ''[[farce]]''-nipun, ingkang padatanipun kapérang dados satunggal babak lan dipunpentasaken bibar drama tragedi. Sapérangan saking drama ''farce'' punika namung sapérangan ingkang sinerat lan dipunpentasaken ngginakaken gaya Commedia dell'arte mawi improvisasi ingkang dipunlampahi dhedhasar [[canovaccio]] (garis besar carita). Piyambakipun ugi nyerat kalih komedi mawi sajak, nanging karya-karya mau boten patia sukses lan dipunwastani boten patia wigati. Ing salajengipun Molière konsèntrasi nyerat komedi musikal, déné pageleran drama dipunbarengi kaliyan tetembangan lan jogèd utawi gabungan saking kalih mau. ''Les Précieuses ridicules'' paring Molière kawigatosan lan panyaruwé saking kathah tiyang, nanging karya mau kirang kondhang. Piyambakpun lajeng nyuwun marang kanca saking Italia [[Tiberio Fiorelli]] ingkang kondhang amargi karyanipun ''[[Scaramouche]]'', supados mulang tèhnik-tèhnik Commedia dell'arte. Karyanipun ing taun [[1660]] ''Sganarelle, ou le Cocu Imaginaire'' (''[[The Imaginary Cuckold]]'') kadosipun kalebet pakurmatan kanggé Commedia dell'arte lan kanggé ara-araipun<ref name="moliere8" />. Tema gayutan perkawinan wonten ing naskah mau ndramatisir pamikiran Molière babagan kapalsunan ingkang dipunkandhut ingkang hubunganipun antar manungsa. Pamikiran punika katingal wonten ing karya-karya salajengipun lan dados sumber ilham kanggé para panyerat bibaripun kalebet (saking babagan sanès lan kanthi akibat ingkang bènten) [[Luigi Pirandello]]<ref name="moliere8" />. Karya punika nggambaraken satunggaling kucing-kucingan kaih pasangan ingkang saben pasangan rumaos dipunkhianati déning pasangan ingkang satunggalipun lan kalebet ingkang kapisan wonten ing 'Jealousy series' (cariyos merinan) karya Molière ingkang kalebet wonten ing jeronipun ''Dom Garcie de Navarre'' (boten sukses), ''L'École de Maris'' lan ''L'École des femmes'' <ref name="moliere8" />. Ing taun [[1661]] supados damel remenipun ingkang nyokong, Monsieur ingkang saèstu remen ing donyaning panglipur lan kagunan saéngga kasingkir saking masalah nagara, Molière nyerat lan mentasaken ''Dom Garcie de Navarre, ou le Prince Jaloux'' (''[[The Jealous Prince]]''), satunggaling komedi heroik ingkang kailhami satunggaling karya [[Cicognini]]. Kalih koemdi sanèsipun ing taun ingkang sami punika ''L'École des Maris'' <ref name="moliere8" /> (''[[The School for Husbands]]'') ingkang sukses sanget ''[[Les Fâcheux]]'', mawi sub-sesirah ''Comédie faite pour les divertissements du Roi'' (komedi kanggé remenipun Raja) amargi dipunpéntasaken wonten ing pista ingkang dipunwontenaken déning [[Nicolas Fouquet]] kanggé paring pakurmatan marang sang panguwaos <ref name="dramawan7">[http://www.online-literature.com/moliere/ Jean Baptiste Poquelin Moliere], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 14 April 2013)</ref>. Adicara panglipur punika damel [[Jean-Baptiste Colbert]] nuntut supados Fouquet dipuncekel amargi nelasaken artanipun masarakat lan piyambakipun kaumur seumur uripipun. Nalika taun [[1662]] Molière pindhah dhateng [[Théâtre du Palais-Royal]]<ref name="moliere8" /> taksih kaliyan kanca-kancanipun saking Italia lajeng krama kaliyan Armande, ingkang piyambakipun dipunanggep dados rayi kandungipun Madeleine. Nanging prakiraan Armande punika mbok manawa kputri karam Madeleine saking hubunganipun kaliyan [[Duc of Modène]]. Wonten ing taun ingkang sami piyambakipun méntasaken ''L'École des Femmes'' (''[[The School for Wives]]'')<ref name="dramatist3">[http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/388302/Moliere/12110/Scandals-and-successes Scandals and successes], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 14 April 2013)</ref> ingkang langsung dipunsebat minangka satunggaling adhikarya <ref name="dramatist3" />. Drama punika nyindir babagan pendidikan minim ingkang dipunparingaken marang putri-putri saking kulawarga ingkang sugih lan nedahaken gesangipun Molière piyambak <ref name="dramatist3" />. Karya mau lan pagesangan anggènipun omah-omah punika pikantuk kathah ''kecaman''. Péntas mau medalaken protès ingkang dipunwastani "Quarrel of L'École des femmes." Saking sisih artistik Molière nanggepi kanthi kalih karya ingkang boten patos kondhang: ''La Critique de "l'École des Femmes"'', wonten ing mriku piyambakipun mbayangaken para pamirsa karya-karya sadèrèngipun rawuh ing mriku. Pérangan punika kadosipun mbetahaken andharan: karya punika nyindir tiyang ingkang sampun ngritik ''L'Ecole des Femmes'' kanthi cara nedahaken ing dalu bibar mirsani pagelaran mau; karya punika mangsuli sadaya kritik ingkang naté dipunandharaken babagan paméntasan mau kanthi cara nyajèkaken ''arguman'' para pangritik lajeng dipunwangsuli<ref name="dramatist3" />. Punika ingkang dipunwastani ''Guerre Comique'' (Perang Komedi) déné pihak oposisi punika kaisi déning panyerat-panyerat kados [[Donneau de Visé]], [[Edmé Boursault]], lan [[Montfleury]] <ref name="dramatist3" />. Nanging lawan ingkang langkung tememen punika nembé dipundhapuk, kanthi punjer marang pamikiran pulitik lan pagesangan pribadi Molière. Satunggaling golongan kanthi nama ''parti des Dévots'' medal ing kalangan inggil Prancis ingkang mrotes "[[realisme|realisme sastra]]" lan boten sopanipun Molière ingkang kebangeten amargi damel isin pihak tartamtu. Tiyang-tiyang mau nuduh krama kaliyan putrinipun piyambak. Pangéran Conti, ingkang rumiyin punika kanca raketipun Molière, gabung ing golongan punika. Molière ugi gadhah mungsuh sanès ing antawisipun para [[Jansenist]] lan sapérangan panyerat tradhisional. Nanging Raja nedahaken kasetyanipun marang Molière, kanthi maringi dana pènsiyun lan ugi sarujuk dados bapak baptis putra kapisan Molière. [[Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux|Boileau]] ugi njurung lantaran andharan-andharan ingkang piyambakipun lebetaken ing ''Art Poétique'' karyanipun. Kekancanan antawisipun Molière kaliyan [[Jean Baptiste Lully]] paring prabawa kanggé nyerat ''Le Mariage Forcé'' lan ''La Princesse d'Élide'' kanthi sub-sesirah ''Comédie galante mêlée de musique et d'entrées de ballet'' (komedi mawi semangat campur musik lan sajian balet), kaserat minangka "''divertissements''" (panglipur) astana ing [[Versailles]]. ''[[Le Tartuffe]], ou L'Imposteur'' ugi dipunpentasaken ing Versailles nalika taun [[1664]] lan damel skandal paling ageng wonten ing karier kagunan Molière <ref name="dramawan1">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/388302/Moliere/12111/Harassment-by-the-authorities Harassment by the authorities], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 16 April 2013)</ref>. Panggambaran wonten ing naskah mau babagan kamunafikan golongan ingkang gadhah kuwaos dipunwastani minangka ''penghinaan'' <ref name="moliere3">[http://www.penerbitkpg.com/katalog/detil/82S23408/Tartuffe Tartuffe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310134954/http://penerbitkpg.com/katalog/detil/82s23408/tartuffe |date=2016-03-10 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 9 April 2013)</ref> lan dados debat. Naskah punika ugi ngemu dhukanipun kaum Jansenist lajeng drama mau dipunpenging péntas. Moliére tansah ngatos-atos supados boten nyerang institusi monarki lan kuwaosing Gréja. Piyambakipun pikantuk kalenggahan minangka salah satunggal tiyang ingkang dipunremeni déning Raja. Konon, sang Raja paring pamrayogi supados mbatalaken pamentasan ''Tartuffe'', lan sang dramawan kanthi rikat nyerat ''Don Juan, ou le Festin de Pierre'' minangka gantosipun. Naskah mau kalebet satunggaling karya ingkang anes, dhedhasar karya [[Tirso de Molina]] lan kailhambi cariyos gesangipun [[Giovanni Tenorio]], kaserat ing [[prosa]] ingkang raosipun taksih modhèren dumugi sapunika. Karya punika nyariyosaken satungaling[[ateis]] ingkang dados ''munafik'' ing agami saéngga dipunukum déning Gusti. Sang Raja, pisan malih njagi lan dados penyokong resmi kanggé golongan Molière. Kanthi musik karya [[Lully]], Molière mentasaken ''[[L'Amour médecin]]'' (Love Doctor utawi Medical Love utawi Dhokter Cinta). Sub-sesirah kanggé paméntasan punika ngandharaken bilih karya punika dipundamel ''par ordre du Roi'', awit saking dhawuhipun Raja, lan karya punika katampi kanthi saé tinimbang ingkang rumiyin. [[Gambar:Jean-Léon Gérôme - Louis XIV and Moliere.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jean-Léon Gérôme]] nggambaraken anekdot Romantik boten mawi alesan wonten pundi Louis XIV nawekaken Molière kanggé mbagi dhaharan, wonten ing satunggaling lukisan damelan taun 1863]] Nalika taun [[1666]], ''[[Le Misanthrope]]'' dipunpéntasaken. Karya punika dipunwastani minangka adikarya Molière ingkang radi sampurna, karya ingkang wonten kandhutan moral nanging poten patos dipunregani ing jaman mau. Karya punika ngewahi pandhangan Donneau de Visé, ingkang remen kaliyan pagelaranaipun. Nanging kanthi komersial karya punika boten sukses, meksa Molière supados éngal-énggal nyerat ''Le Médecin malgré lui'' (The Doctor Despite Himself), satunggaling satir dhumateng ngèlmu-ngèlmu alam ingkang resmi. Karya punika sukses sanajan wonten pandangon moral déning Pangeran Conti, paring pandangon marang téater limrahipun lan mliginipun Molière. Wonten ing sapérangan karyanipun, Molière nggambaraken dhokter-dhokter ing zamanipun minangka tiyang ingkang gumedhé ingkang boten pinter ngginakaken Basa Latin kanggé medalaken ''kesan terpelajar''la namung mangertos [[enema|clyster]] lan ''pendarahan'' minangka pangobatan ingkang boten èfèktif. Bibar ''Mélicerte'' lan ''Pastorale Comique'' piyambakipun nyobi malih méntasaken ''Tartuffe'' nalika taun [[1667]] mawi irah-irahan ''Panulphe'' utawi ''L'imposteur''. Nalika Raja nilaraken Paris kanggé lelampahan mubeng, [[Lamoignon]] lan Biskop Agung mbredel paméntasan mau. Raja lajeng maringi langkung kathah kalonggaran marang ''Tartuffe'' pirang taun salajengipun, bibar piyambakipun langkung gadhah kuwaos saking pihak Gréja. Molière lajeng gerah lan kirang produktivitasipun. ''Le Sicilien, ou l'Amour Peintre'' dipunserat kanggé karaméan ing Astana Saint-Germain kalajengaken ing taun [[1668]] déning ''[[Amphitryon]]'' ingkang ''elegan'' lan cetha kailhami déning versi [[Plautus]] nanging kanthi parumpamaan marang selingkuhing Raja. ''George Dandin, ou le Mari Confondu'' (''[[The Confounded Husband]]'') boten patos katampi nanging malah sukses lantaran ''L'Avare'' (''[[The Miser]]'') ingkang sapunika kathah dipuntepangi. Sareng kaliyan Lully piyambakipun ngginakaken malih musik kanggé ''Monsieur de Pourceaugnac'', kanggé ''Les Amants Magnifiques'', lan pungkasan kanggé ''[[Le Bourgeois gentilhomme]]'' (''The Middle Class Gentleman''), satunggal malih adikaryanipun. Karya punika katujukaken kanthi langsung marang Colbert, mantri menjarakaken panyokong lawasipun, Fouquet. Kolaborasi kaliyan Lully kapungkasan kanthi ''tragédie et ballet'', ''[[Psyché]]'' dipunserat sareng kaliyan [[Pierre Corneille]] lan [[Philippe Quinault]]. Ing taun [[1672]], Madeleine Béjart tilar donya lan sansaya nambah kasengsaran Molière amargi kélangan lan penyakitipun sansaya parah. Sanajan makaten, piyambakipun nyerat karya sukses ''[[Les Fourberies de Scapin]]'' (''[[Scapin's Schemings]]'') satunggaling ''farce'' lan komedi ing 5 babak. Karya salajengipun, ''La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas'' dipunwastani minangka salah satunggal karyanipun ingkang boten patos sukses. ''Les Femmes savantes'' (''[[The Learned Ladies]]'') ing taun [[1672]] dados salah satunggaling adikarya Molière. Karya punika lair saking kabusakipun pangginaan legal unsur musik ingteater, amargi Lully sampun damel hak paten awit saking [[opera]] ing Prancis dados Molière kapeksa kondur dhateng genre tradisionalipun. Karya punika sukses lan kalajengaken ing karya pungkasanipun ingkang kathah dipunpuji déning tiyang sanès. Ing mangsa 14 taun manggenipun ing Paris, Molière piyambakan nyerat 31 saking 85 pagelaran ingkang dipunpéntasaken ing panggung sinambi ngatur golongan téateripun. == Tilar donya == [[Gambar:Perelachaise-Moliere-p1000403.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Makam Molière ing [[Le Père Lachaise Cemetery]]. Makam [[Jean de La Fontaine|La Fontaine]] katingal ing wingking.]] Molière gerah TBC paru-paru, prakiraan lelara kénging lelara mau nalika piyambakipun dipunpenjara amargi ngutang nalika taksih enèm. Salah satunggaling prastawa ingkang paling masyur ing pagesanganipun Molière punika wekdal ingkang pungkasan ingkang lajeng dados legénda: piyambakipun boten séda ing panggung nalika méntasaken ''Le Malade Imaginaire'' (The Hypochondriac). Piyambakipun dhawah lajeng watuk lan pendarahan <ref name="dramawan6">[http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/moliere.htm Molière (1622-1673) - pseudonym of JEAN BAPTISTE POQUELIN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330233443/http://kirjasto.sci.fi/moliere.htm |date=2013-03-30 }}, (dipun''akses tanggal 9 April 2013)</ref>. Raja Louis XIV nyuwun supados piyambakipun Molière ngaso nanging Molière tetep péngin ngrampungaken pagelaranipun, lajeng bibar punika Molière dhawah malih lan pendarahan saéngga séda pinten jam salajengipun ing griyanipun. Molière séda tanpa dipunparingi [[sakramen]] amargi kalih [[pandhita]] nampik dugi lan ingkang kaping 3 telat. Konon, kala punika Molière ngagem busana mawi warna [[ijo]], lajeng medal mitos bilih warna ijo punika damel nasib ingkang awon kanggé aktor <ref name="dramawan5"/>. Minangka satunggaling aktor, déning ukum ing mangsa punika piyambakipun boten kénging dipunkubur ing pamakaman umum. Garwanipun Armande nyuwun marang [[Louis XIV saking Prancis|Raja Louis XIV]] supados pikantuk ngawontenaken upacara panguburan kanthi limrah ing dalu. Raja sarujuk lan Molière dipunkubur ing wewengkon pamakaman ingkang samekta kanggé bayi-bayi ingkang dèrèng dipun''babtis''. Ing sapérangan cariyos babagan sédanipun Molière, wonten langkung saking 800 tiyang ingkang dugi ing pamakaman "rahasia" Molière.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} Ing taun [[1792]] jasadipun ingkang kantun dipunbeta ing musiyum monumèn Prancis lan ing taun [[1817]] dipunpindhah dhateng [[Le Père Lachaise Cemetery]], Paris ing celakipun makam [[Jean de La Fontaine|La Fontaine]]. == Kritik == Sapérangan kritikus mastani Molière nyerat naskah dramanipun agé-agé lan boten njagi gaya ingkang konsistèn<ref name="theatredatabase.com">A Short History of the Drama. Martha Fletcher Bellinger. New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1927. pp. 178-81.http://www.theatredatabase.com/17th_century/moliere_001.html</ref>. Para kritikus nedahaken tata basa lan parumpamaanipun ingkang asring klèntu lan pangginaan tetembungan kanggé njangkepi pacelathon.<ref name="dramawan4">[http://www.theatredatabase.com/17th_century/moliere_001.html MOLIÈRE AND THE CRITICS], (dipun''akses tanggal 9 April 2013)</ref><ref name="theatredatabase.com"/> Sanajan para pamikir konvensional, para pemimpin agama, lan para praktisi mèdis ing jaman Molière ngritik karyanipun, pamikiran mau boten saèstu nutupi kondhangipun ing kalangan umum. Dramawan lan golongan sanès wiwit niru gaya dramatisasi ing Inggris lan ing Prancis. Karya-karya Molière tansah pikantuk tanggepan ingkang saé ing Inggris nalika abad kaping 18, nanging karya-karyanipun boten patos dipuntampi ing Pranscis. Nanging nalika mangsa Restorasi Prancis abad kaping 19, komèdi-komèdi Molière dados kondhang. Tiyang mawi ilèn Romantik remen marang Molière lan karyanipun amargi individualisme boten umum ingkang wonten ing jeronipun. Cendekiawan abad kaping 20 tansah kearik marang pérangan kados makaten dhateng Molière lan karyanipun sarta tansah nyinaoni bab-bab ingkang wonten gegayutan kaliyan dramawan punika<ref name="enotes.com">"Molière: Introduction." Drama Criticism. Ed. Linda Pavlovski, Editor. Vol. 13. Gale Group, Inc., 2001. eNotes.com. 2006. <http://www.enotes.com/drama-criticism/moliere></ref>. Kathah kritikus ingkang sapunika mindhah kawigatosanipun saking dampak filosofis, religius, lan moral karya-karya komedi Molière dados studi ingkang langkung obyèktif marang tèhnik komedinipun.<ref name="enotes.com"/> == Prabawaipun marang kabudayan Prancis == Molière dipunwastani minangka kréator komèdi modhèren Prancis. Kathah [[tembung]] utawi [[ukara]] ingkang dipun-ginakaken wonten ing karya-karya Molière taksih dipun-ginakaken wonten ing [[Basa Prancis]] sapunika: * Satunggaling ''[[tartuffe]]'' punika tiyang ingkang munafik, mliginipun tiyang munafik ingkang éthok-éthok gadhah moral utawi religius. * Satunggaling ''[[harpagon]]'', dipunparingi nama dhedhasar paraga baku saking ''[[The Miser]]'', tiyang ingkang kikir sanget. * Patung sang Komandan (''statue du Commandeur'') saking ''[[Don Juan]]'' dipun-ginakaken minangka ''perumpamaan'' saking kategasan ingkang kaku (''raide comme la statue du Commandeur''). * Wonten ing ''[[Les Fourberies de Scapin]]'', Babak II, Adegan 7, Géronte disuwuni arta kanggé nebus putranipun, ingkang nembé dipunsekap wonten ing kapal (''[[galley]]''). Piyambakipun matur, "Nembé menapa piyambakipun ing kapal punika?" ("Que diable allait-il faire dans cette galère?"). Tembung ''galère'' ("galley") dipun-ginakaken wonten ing Basa Prancis sapunika ingkang ateges "urusan bertélé-télé lan nglarani". * Wonten ing ''[[Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme]]'', paraga mliginipun M. Jourdain nggubah satunggaling layang katresnan kados makaten: "Nyonya bangsawan ingkang ayu, matamu ingkang éndah gawé aku mati amarga katresnan" ("''Belle marquise, vos beaux yeux me font mourir d'amour''"). Piyambakipun lajeng nyuwun guru filsafatipun kanggé nata malih ukaran mau ingkang dipunlampahi kanthi cara molak-malik sadaya tembung mawi manéka kombinasi ingkang wonten ("Nyonya bangsawan ingkang ayu, saking tresna," dsb.). M. Jourdain lajeng nyuwun pirsa pundi pendhapuking tembung ingkang saé piyambak lan ara-araipun mangsuli bilih ingkang saé punika ingkang kapisan. Frase "''Belle marquise...''" sapunika dipun-ginakaken kanggé nedahaken bilih kalih ukara ingkang béda gadhah teges ingkang sami. * Satunggaling filem Prancis ingkang kanthi longgar dhedhasar pagesanganipun Molière mawi dipunbintangi déning [[Romain Duris]], [[Fabrice Luchini]] lan [[Ludivine Sagnier]], kanthi irah-irahan''[[Molière (filem)|Molière]]'' [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0796335/], dipunputer ing taun 2007. Satunggaling filem Prancis sanès mawi irah-irahan ingkang sami [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0077941/Molière], sutradaranipun déning Ariane Mnouchkine lan langkung akurat anggènipun nyawijèkaken data kanthi jangkep lan menangaken Palme D'Or ing Festival Film Cannes taun 1978<ref name="moliere9">[http://www.moliere-lefilm.com/ About Moliere the Movie], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 12 April 2013)</ref>. == Pratélan karya-karya ingkang ageng == * ''[[Le Médecin volant]]'' ([[1645]])--The Flying Doctor <ref name="moliere4">[http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Theatre/Moliere/moliere.shtml MOLIERE - French Dramatist], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 11 April 2013)</ref> * ''[[La Jalousie du barbouillé]]'' ([[1650]]) <ref name="moliere4" /> * ''[[L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps]]'' ([[1655]]) * ''[[Le Dépit amoureux]]'' (16 Dhésèmber [[1656]]) * ''[[Le Docteur amoureux]]'' ([[1658]]), drama kapisan ingkang dipunpentasaken golongan Molière kanggé [[Louis XIV saking Prancis|Louis XIV]] (ical)--The Doctor in Love * ''[[Les Précieuses ridicules]]'' (18 Novèmber [[1659]])--The Affected Young Ladies * ''[[Sganarelle ou le Cocu imaginaire]]'' (28 Mèi [[1660]])--Sganarelle, or the Imaginary Cuckold * ''[[Dom Garcie de Navarre ou le Prince jaloux]]'' (4 Fèbruari [[1661]]) * ''[[L'École des maris]]'' (24 Juni [[1661]])--The School for Husbands <ref name="moliere4" /> * ''[[Les Fâcheux]]'' (17 Agustus [[1661]])--The Mad * ''[[L'École des femmes]]'' (26 Dhésèmber [[1662]]) (Dipunadaptasi dados ''[[The Amorous Flea]]'' nalika taun 1964)--The School for Wives * ''La Jalousie du Gros-René'' (15 April [[1663]]) (prakiraan sami kaliyan "[[La Jalousie du Barbouillé]]") * ''[[La Critique de l'école des femmes]]'' (1 Juni [[1663]])--Critique of the School for Wives * ''[[L'Impromptu de Versailles]]'' (14 Oktober [[1663]]) * ''[[Le Mariage forcé]]'' (29 Januari [[1664]]) The forced mariage * ''[[Gros-René, petit enfant]] '' (27 April 1664) (ical) * ''[[La Princesse d'Élide]]'' (8 Mèi [[1664]])The princess of elid * ''[[Tartuffe|Tartuffe ou l'Imposteur]]'' (12 Mèi [[1664]])--Tartuffe, or The Imposter (or Hypocrite) * ''[[Dom Juan|Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre]]'' (15 Fèbruari [[1665]]) * ''[[L'Amour médecin]]'' (15 September [[1665]])--Doctor of Love * ''[[Le Misanthrope|Le Misanthrope ou l'Atrabilaire amoureux]]'' (4 Juni [[1666]])--The Misanthrope * ''[[Le Médecin malgré lui]]'' (6 Agustus [[1666]])--The Doctor in Spite of Himself * ''[[Mélicerte]]'' (2 Dhésèmber [[1666]]) * ''[[Pastorale comique]]'' (5 Januari [[1667]]) * ''[[Le Sicilien ou l'Amour peintre]]'' (14 Fèbruari [[1667]]) * ''[[Amphitryon (Molière)|Amphitryon]] ''(13 Januari [[1668]]) * ''[[George Dandin|George Dandin ou le Mari confondu]]'' (18 Juli [[1668]])--George Dandin, or the Abashed Husband * ''[[L'Avare]]'' (9 September [[1668]])--The Miser * ''[[Monsieur de Pourceaugnac]]'' (6 Oktober [[1669]]) * ''[[Les Amants magnifiques]]'' (4 Fèbruari [[1670]]) The magnificent lovers * ''[[Le Bourgeois gentilhomme]]'' (14 Oktober [[1670]])--The Bourgeois Gentlemen * ''[[Psyché (play)|Psyché]]'' (17 Januari [[1671]])--[[Psyche]] * ''[[Les Fourberies de Scapin]]'' (24 Mèi [[1671]]) * ''[[La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas]]'' (2 Dhésèmber [[1671]]) * ''[[Les Femmes Savantes]]'' (11 Maret [[1672]])--The Learned Ladies * ''[[Le Malade imaginaire]]'' (10 Fèbruari [[1673]])--The Imaginary Invalid (or The Hypochondriac) <ref name="dramawan3"/><ref name="dramawan5"/><ref name="dramawan4" /> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Pierre Mignard - Portrait de Jean-Baptiste Poquelin dit Molière (1622-1673) - Google Art Project (cropped).jpg|Molière Gambar:Moliere theatrefrançais.jpg|Potret Molière Gambar:Jean de La Fontaine & Molière (Père Lachaise).jpg| Makam Molière Gambar:Jean-Baptiste Poquelin dit Molière.jpg|Molière Gambar:Moliere works.jpg|Molière work Gambar:LeMaladeImaginaire.jpg|drawing of Moreau le jeune Gambar:LeBourgeoisGentilhomme.jpg|Drawing of Moreau le jeune Gambar:LesFemmesSavantes.jpg|Drawing of Moreau le jeune Gambar:LeMedecinMalgreLui.jpg|Drawing of Moreau le jeune Gambar:LesPrecieusesRidicules.jpg|Drawing of Moreau le jeune Gambar:Pezenas monument Moliere.jpg|Pezenas monument Moliere Gambar:Moliere-statue.jpg|Patung the Hôtel de Ville of Paris </gallery> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala njawi == {{commons}} {{wikiquote}} {{wikisource author|Molière}} * {{gutenberg author|id=Molière|name=Molière}} * [http://www.toutmoliere.net Molière's works online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906013530/http://www.toutmoliere.net/ |date=2020-09-06 }} di toutmoliere.net (basa Prancis) * [http://www.site-moliere.com/pieces/ Molière's works online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021106064927/http://site-moliere.com/pieces/ |date=2002-11-06 }} di site-moliere.com * [https://archive.is/20121205052810/www.inlibroveritas.net/auteur30.html Molière's works online] di InLibroVeritas.net * [http://www.classicistranieri.com/dblog/articolo.asp?articolo=4546 Molière's works online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314091106/http://www.classicistranieri.com/dblog/articolo.asp?articolo=4546 |date=2007-03-14 }} di classicistranieri.com * [http://www.biblioweb.org/-MOLIERE-.html Biography, Bibliography, Analysis, Plot overview] di biblioweb.org (basa Prancis) * [http://www.theatre-classique.fr Moliere's Verses Plays] Publication, Statistics, Words Research (basa Prancis) * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbGqsquB0Bw Parodi - "The Life & Times of Moliere"] di YouTube.com * Bermel, Albert. Molière's Theatrical Bounty: A New View of the Plays. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1990. * Bulgakov, Mikhail. The Life of Monsieur de Molière. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1970. Reprint, New York: New Directions, 1986. * Scott, Virginia. Molière: A Theatrical Life. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 2000. * http://www.etudes-litteraires.com/moliere.php{{Pranala mati|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * http://www.fichesdelecture.com/auteur/biographie/69-moliere/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505084728/http://www.fichesdelecture.com/auteur/biographie/69-moliere/ |date=2013-05-05 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Molière Poquelin, Jean-Baptiste}} [[Kategori:Tokoh Paris]] [[Kategori:Lair 1622]] grr5n9ij8gwyiuduyv7mhli04cwl7vt 0 99787 1748943 1714491 2026-05-14T03:09:28Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Museum |name = Musiyum national d'histoire naturelle |image = Grande Galerie de l'evolution.jpg |imagesize = 250 |caption = |established = 10 Juni 1793 |dissolved = |location = Herbier National de Paris, Département de Systématique et Evolution, Phanérogamie, Musiyum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 16 rue Buffon, F-75005 [[Paris]], [[Prancis]]<ref name="botanical">[http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/herbarium.php?irn=125382] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718023807/https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/?irn=125382 |date=2023-07-18 }} dipununduh 7 April 2013, 18.58 WIB</ref> |type = |map_type = Paris |pushpin_map = Paris |latitude = 48.842109 |longitude = 2.356286 |visitors = |director = |curator = |publictransit = |website = http://www.mnhn.fr/le-muséum/ http://colhelper.mnhn.fr/ }} '''Musiyum National d'Histoire Naturelle''' inggih punika Musiyum Nasional [[Perancis|Prancis]] ingkang ngelestantunaken babagan sajarah alam, musiyum punika dipunyasa wonten ing tlatah [[Paris]], dipunyengkuyung Departemen Pendhidhikan Nasional, Riset sarta Lingkungan.<ref name="musium lama">[http://www.paris-attractions.com/muséum-national-d-histoire-naturelle/]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} dipununduh 7 April 2013, 19.15 WIB</ref> [[File:Grande galerie de l'évolution - L'intérieur du bâtiment.jpg|thumb|300px|Gladri Ageng Evolusi wonten ing Museum Nasional Sajarah Alam, Paris, Prancis. Panorama ruwang tengah]] [[File:Salle des espèces menacées ou disparues.jpg|thumb|300px|Gladri Ageng Evolusi-Kamar spésies ingkang badhé cures utawi malah sapunika sampun cures]] [[File:Arsinoitherium zitteli skull.JPG|thumb|250px|cumplung saking [[Arsinoitherium|''Arsinoitherium zitteli'']], saged dipunpirsani wonten ing Gladri Paleontologi sarta Anatomi Komparatif]] == Sajarah == Museum punika resmi dipunyasa nalika surya kaping 10 Juni 1793, salaminipun [[Revolusi Prancis]].<ref name="jardin des plantes"/> Nanging asal-usulipun musiyum punika dipunyasa inggih punika nalika ''Jardin des Plantes médicinales royal'' (taman kraton ingkang lèbètipun wonten waneka warni tetuwuhan obat), salah satunggaling lembaga èlmiyah tuwa dhéwé ing [[Perancis|Prancis]], ingkang dipunyasa amargi ''royal dekrit'' taun 1635 nalika masa pamaréntahan [[Louis XIII saking Prancis]].<ref name="jardin des plantes">[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/guidePratique/infPratiques/infopratique/fiche_info.xsp?i=1&idx=4&SITE_ID=10&nav=liste&LIEU_ID=158] dipununduh 7 April 2013, 19.41 WIB</ref> Amargi dipunyasa kanggé lembaga, mila ingkang jaga Musiyum National d'Histoire Naturelle sarta ingkang nyèpeng cathetan wigati punika para dhokter.<ref name="jardin des plantes"/> Nalika surya kaping 31 Maret 1718, Proklamasi kraton anak-raja Louis XV ngawontenaken kabijaksanan énggal inggih punika gunanipun musiyum babagan medis dipun-gantos, namanipun taman ingkang sampun kawentar punika gantos dados ''Jardin du Roi (King Garden)'' musiyum punika ugi dipunalih ginanipun, dados musiyum ingkang fokus kaliyan sujarah alam.<ref name="musium lama"/> Nalika abad kaping 18 (1739-1788), hak kanggé njagi taman punika langkung asring dicèpèng dhumateng Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon. Leclerc kaliyan Comte de Buffon punika salah satunggalipun naturalis ingkang kawentar, mila saged damel taman punika kawentar sarta saged ''prestise'' kaliyan musium punika anggènipun dipunsaekaken malih.<ref name="musium lama"/> Nalika [[Revolusi Prancis]], Lembaga kraton ugi remen sanget nalika wonten rencana dipunreorganisasikaken musiyum nasional d'Histoire naturelle, 1793.<ref name="musium lama"/> Musiyum punika dados lembaga ingkang dipunyengkuyungi kaliyan profesor ingkang gunggungipun kalih welas.<ref name="musium lama"/> Saderengipun, wonten profesor-profesor ingkang kagolong unggulan komparatif anatomi inggih punika [[Georges Cuvier]] sarta profesor perintis evolusi [[Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck]] sarta [[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]].<ref name="musium lama"/> 12 Dhésèmber 1891 medal dekrit ingkang ngutusaken supados musiyum dipun-ginakaken kanggé nyinaoni babagan ngèlmu sujarah alam.<ref name="manungsa"/> Sasampinipun angsal ''otonomi keuangan'' nalika taun 1907, musiyum punika miwiti ''fase'' énggal, mbikak fasilitas wonten ing [[Perancis|Prancis]], musiyum punika sampun ngarahaken panelitian sarta sampun dados pérangan ing dunya pandhidhikan kados ta ''efek eksploitasi'' manungsa dhumateng alam.<ref name="manungsa"/> Wonten ing ''administrasi publik Perancis'', Museum punika kagolong ''établissement'' ingkang ageng kanggé dunya pandhidhikan.<ref name="publik">[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/transverse/transverse/accueil.xsp?cl=en] dipununduh 7 April 2013, 20.00 WIB</ref> ==Misi sarta organisasi== Tujuwan dipunbangunipun musiyum nasional inggih punika supados [[masarakat]] saged ngempalaken barang-barang utawi piranti purba, piranti punika bakal dados koleksi sarta bakal dipunteliti kanthi èlmiyah.<ref name="koleksi">[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/GuideDecouverte/collections/collection.xsp?i=1] dipununduh 7 April 2013, 19.33 WIB]]</ref><ref name="ox unever">[http://rpd.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/1-2/3] dipununduh 7 April 2013, 19.10 WIB</ref> Panelitian babagan barang purba punika dipunlaksanakaken ngantos abad kaping 19, dipunsutradarani kimiawan [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]], panelitian élmiyah ingkang dipunwontenaken kaliyan musiyum punika dados sainganipun Universitas Paris.<ref name="ox unever"/> Tuladhanipun nalika periode [[Henri Becquerel]] nyèpèng kakuwasaan kanggé ngèlmu [[Fisika]] (Fisika Terapan) wonten ing musiyum (1892-1908) piyambakipun saged njlentrehaken babagan sipat radiasi uranium (Sekawan génerasi becquerels naté nyepeng kapemimpinan punika, 1838-1948 <ref>{{cite journal | author = A. Allisy | title = Henri Becquerel: The Discovery of Radioactivity | journal = Radiation Protection Dosimetry | volume = 68 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–10 | date = November 1, 1996 | url = }}</ref>) Musiyum punika gadhah misi, inggih punika panelitian dhasar sarta panelitian ''terapan'', ugi misi dados difusi kawruh publik.<ref name="publik"/> Sampun dipunatur wonten ing departemen difusi, sapunika wonten pitu departemen panelitian.<ref>[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/transverse/transverse/accueil.xsp Muséum national d'histoire naturelle; official website]</ref> ===Departemen Panelitian=== Departemen panelitiyan wonten ing Musiyum punika nyepeng kawajiban babagan: * Klasifikasi sarta Evolusi<ref name="musium lama"/> * Peraturan, Pengembangan, sarta Keragaman Molekuler<ref name="ox unever"/> * Lingkungan Perairan sarta Populasi<ref name="manungsa">[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/GuideDecouverte/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=208&COLLECTION_ID=208&idx=18&nav=liste Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle] dipununduh 7 April 2013, 19.38 WIB</ref> * [[Ekologi]] sarta Keanekaragaman Hayati<ref name="musium lama"/> * Sajarah Bumi * Tiyang Jaler, [[Alam]], sarta [[Masarakat]]<ref name="manungsa"/>, kaliyan * [[Prasajarah]]<ref name="prasajarah">[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/guidePratique/lieuxVisiter/LieuxAVisiter/FLieuAVisiter.xsp?AE_ID=217&INFO_ID=30&LIEU_ID=183&MAN_ID=276&SITE_ID=5&idx=5&nav=liste] dipununduh 7 April 2013, 20.03 WIB</ref> ===Departemen Difusi=== Departemen Difusi punika nyepeng kawajiban babagan<ref name="botanical"/>: * Gladri wonten ing ''Jardin des Plantes''<ref name="jardin des plantes"/> * Taman Botani sarta Kebun Kéwan<ref name="musium lama"/>, kaliyan * Musiyum manungsa, ''Musée de l'Homme''<ref name="manungsa"/> Musiyum punika ugi sampun dipunkembangaken ing babagan pandhidhikan universitas, sapunika sampun saged maringi gelar master dhumateng para mahasiswanipun.<ref>[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/science/science/Enseignement/rubmastere/sspresentmaster.xsp?i=1 Official website]</ref> == Koleksi Èlmiyah == Wonten ing pratélan ngandhap, kajaba saking spésies ingkang taksih urip, sadaya koleksi Museum, dipuntahan. Sedaya situs ingkang wonten ing [[Paris]] inggih punika langkung saking 62 yuta spésimèn<ref name="Quelles collections ?"/>, ingkang kathah piyambak ing dunya kaliyan tiyang-tiyang ingkang mumpuni saking ''National Museum of Natural History of Washington'' sarta ''Natural History Museum London''<ref name="Quelles collections ?">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection.xsp?i=1 |titre=Jinis Koleksi |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>: {|class="wikitable sortable" !Jinising Koleksi !Kuantitas |- ||[[Mineral]]||250000 spésimèn<ref>[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/science/science/ColEtBd/collectionsMuseum/collectionSci/FicheCollection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=265&COLLECTION_ID=265&idx=55&nav=liste Chiffre du MNHN]</ref>. |- ||[[Watu|Rocks]]||tuladhanipun wonten 600000  (namung kira-kira, amargi situs punika taksih dipunlajengaken). |- ||[[Meteorit]]||tuladhanipun wonten 3050, 3 e dhedhasar gunggungipun meteorit ingkang dhawah maring dunya (déning ''Musiyum Sajarah Alam ing London'' sarta [[Smithsonian Institution]] saking [[Washington, D.C.]])<ref name="Les météorites">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=214&COLLECTION_ID=214&idx=21&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Les météorites |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||[[Fosil]]||2700000 spésimèn<ref name="Les fossiles">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=211&COLLECTION_ID=211&idx=19&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Les fossiles |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||[[Jamur]]||500000 sppesimen (herbarium) <ref name="Champignons">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=192&COLLECTION_ID=192&idx=1&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Champignons |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||[[Alga]] (ganggang) sarta mikroalga||570000 spésimèn (herbarium) <ref name="Algues">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=193&COLLECTION_ID=193&idx=2&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Algues |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||[[Bryophyta]] (Lumut Godhong) sarta [[lumut]]||500000 ngantos 900000 spésimen<ref name="Mousses et lichens">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=194&COLLECTION_ID=194&idx=3&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Mousses et lichens |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||Plantae sarta [[pakis]]||8000000 spésimen, 320000 punika ilustrasi saking spésies vasculaires<ref name="Plantes à fleurs et fougères">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=195&COLLECTION_ID=195&idx=4&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Plantes à fleurs et fougères |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||[[Uwur-uwur]], [[watu|watu karang]], [[Anémon segara|anemone]]||2000-35000, 2000 spécimens nggal jinis<ref name="Méduses, coraux, anémones">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=197&COLLECTION_ID=197&idx=5&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Méduses, coraux, anémones |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||[[Moluska]]||5000000 spésimen<ref name="Les mollusques">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=198&COLLECTION_ID=198&idx=6&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Les mollusques |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||[[Insect]]/gegremet||40000000 spésimen<ref name="Les insectes">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=200&COLLECTION_ID=200&idx=8&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Les insectes |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||[[Iwak]]||400000 spésimen<ref name="Les poissons">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=203&COLLECTION_ID=203&idx=13&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Les poissons |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||[[Reptil]]||130000 spésimen<ref name="Les reptiles">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=205&COLLECTION_ID=205&idx=15&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Les reptiles |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||[[Amfibi]]||170000 spésimen<ref name="Les amphibiens">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=204&COLLECTION_ID=204&idx=14&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Les amphibiens |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||[[Manuk]] (Unggas)||130000 spésimen<ref name="Les oiseaux">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=200&COLLECTION_ID=200&idx=8&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Les oiseaux |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref> mis en peau. |- ||[[Mamalia]]||130000 spésimen<ref name="Les mammifères">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=207&COLLECTION_ID=207&idx=12&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Les mammifères |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||Crânes humains||35000 spécimens. |- ||Tengkorak Manungsa||2000000 <ref name="Pièces préhistoriques">{{Lien web |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/HistNatMuseum/collections/collection/fiche_collection.xsp?COLLECTION_COLLECTION_ID=210&COLLECTION_ID=210&idx=17&nav=liste |titre=Quelles collections ? Pièces préhistoriques |site=http://www.mnhn.fr |consulté le={{date|1|août|2008}} }}</ref>. |- ||Piranti ethnografis||300000 spésimen. refrensi taun 2008 |- ||Tetuwuhan Urip||25000 spésimen. refrensi taun 2008 |- ||Kéwan Urip||5000 spésimen. refrensi taun 2008 |} Koleksi utawi barang simpenan kalawau kaya ta [[Alga|ganggang]]<ref name="Algues"/> punika 570000 spésimen herbarium, watara 1000 souches ''punika algothèque'' kaserat wonten ing pratélan alga banyu tawar ingkang taksih urip. Wonten ugi koleksi [[jamur]]<ref name="Champignons"/> herbarium punika wonten 500000 spésimen, wonten 4000 strain tuladhanipun ingkang taksih urip sarta 420 modhèl lilin ingkang madani jamur, dipun-ginakaken dados tuladhanipun jamur-jamur wonten ing [[Paris]], lilin punika dipundamel déning André-Pierre Pinson, dipunutus [[Louis XVI saking Prancis]]. Koleksi [[fosil]]<ref name="Les fossiles"/> inggih punika langkung saking 2,7 yuta spésimen, kados ta: * Koleksi vertebrata, 300000 spésimen mamalia, reptil, manuk sarta iwak ; * Koleksi invetebrata, kirang langkung wonten 2.5 yuta spésimen, tuladhanipun moluska tersier Prancis sarta Éropah ; * Koleksi paléobotani inggih punika 200000 eksmplar fosil tuwuhan ; * Koleksi micropaléontologie wonten 30000 lames foraminifera ingkang kadaftar. == Lokasi sarta Cabang == Museum punika gadhah 14<ref name="situs-situs"/> situs, kasebar wonten ing Perancis inggih punika 4 wonten ing [[Paris]], lokasi asli saking ''Jardin des Plantes'' wonten ing arondisemen, kaping 5 wonten ing ''métro Place Monge'', [[Paris]].<ref name="jardin des plantes"/> Gladri ingkang dipunbikak kanggé umum inggih punika ''Kabinet d'Histoire du Jardin des Plantes'' wonten ing ''Hôtel de Magny'', Gladri Mineralogi<ref name="jardin des plantes"/><ref name="mineralog">[http://www.muséum-mineral.fr/home.php?#http://www.muséum-mineral.fr/actualite.php]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} dipununduh 7 April 2013, 19.29 WIB</ref> sarta [[Géologi]], Gladri [[Paleontologi]] sarta ''Anatomi Perbandingan'', kaliyan ''Grand Gallery'' ingkang kawentar babagan [[Evolusi]] (''Grande Galerie de l ' évolution''), musiyum ''Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes'' ugi wonten ing mriku.<ref name="jardin des plantes"/> [[File:Façade principale de la galerie de Paléontologie.jpg|thumb|right|250 px|Façade, Gladri utami Paleontologi sarta Anatomi Komparatif.]] [[Tetuwuhan|Herbarium]] wonten ing musiyum dipunparingi kodhe '''P''', dipunparingi kodhe amargi kagolong koleksi ingkang ageng sarta wigati, wataranipun wonten 8 000 000 spésimèn tetuwuhan.<ref name="botanical"/> Koleksi herbarium ingkang gadhah sajarah wigati dipunparingi wiwitan '''P''', tuladhanipun kados ta ''Lamarck'' (P-LA) ''Desfontaines'' (P-Desf.) sarta ''Tournefort'' kaliyan ''Plumier'' (P-TRF).<ref name="botanical"/> Nama CITES punika kados ''FR 75A''.<ref name="botanical"/> Nate mlebet wonten ing layang kabar '''''Adansonia''''', layang kabar babagan [[botani]], sarta jurnal [[tetuwuhan|tuwuhan]] saking [[New Caledonia]], [[Madagaskar]] sarta [[Komoro|Comores]], [[Kamboja]], [[Laos]] kaliyan [[Vietnam]], [[Kamerun]], sarta [[Gabon]].<ref name="botanical"/> <ref name="Index Herbariorum">{{cite web|url=http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/herbarium.php?irn=125382|title=Musiyum National d'Histoire Naturelle|last=Holmgren|first=P. K.|author2=N. H. Holmgren.|date=1998 [updated: December 2008]|work=Index Herbariorum|publisher=The New York Botanical Garden|accessdate=2009-03-10|archive-date=2023-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718023807/https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/?irn=125382|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Musée de l'Homme]'' ugi wonten ing [[Paris]], wonten ing ''XVIe arrondissement'' ([[Paris]] [[Trocadéro (Paris Metro)|Trocadéro]]).<ref name="de l'Homme">[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/guidePratique/lieuxVisiter/LieuxAVisiter/FLieuAVisiter.xsp?AE_ID=218&INFO_ID=28&LIEU_ID=176&MAN_ID=277&SITE_ID=1&idx=6&nav=liste] dipununduh 7 April 2013, 19.22 WIB</ref> Musiyum punika sajatosipun griya ingkang mameraken [[étnografi]] sarta [[antropologi]]<ref name="manungsa"/>, tuladhanipun kados ta artefak, fosil, sarta sanèsipun.<ref name="de l'Homme"/> Bagiyanipun Musiyum inggih punika<ref name="situs-situs">[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/national/national/presentation/rub-connaitre/ss-connaitre/fiche-connaitre.xsp?i=1&idx=4&ARTICLE_ARTICLE_ID=678&nav=liste&cl=fr] dipununduh 7 April 2013, 19.28 WIB</ref><ref name="recerche">[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/science/science/Recherche/rub-recherche/som-recherche.xsp?i=1] dipununduh 7 April 2013, 19.56 WIB</ref>: * Kebon kéwan wonten tiga, ''Parc zoologique de Paris'' (kawentar ugi kanthi nama ''Zoo de Vincennes) kebon Kéwan punika wonten ing ''Bois de Vincennes'' sarta ing arondisemen XIIe, ''Parc zoologique de Cleres'', ''Mediæval manor'' ing [[Cleres]] (Seine-Maritime) sarta ''Réserve de la Haute Touche'' ing Obterre (Indre), ingkang paling ageng ing [[Perancis|Prancis]],<ref name="musium lama"/> * Wonten tiga taman [[botani]], inggih punika ''Arboretum de Chèvreloup'' wonten ing Rocquencourt sebelahipun ''Château de Versailles'', lajeng ''Jardin Botanique exotique de Menton'' sarta ''Jardin de La alpin Jaÿsinia'' wonten ing Samoëns,<ref name="botanical"/> * Kalih Musiyum inggih punika, ''Musée de l'abri Pataud'' ingkang wonten ing ''Les Eyzies-de-Tayac<ref name="l'abri">[http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/tous/tous/guidePratique/lieuxVisiter/LieuxAVisiter/FLieuAVisiter.xsp?AE_ID=217&INFO_ID=30&LIEU_ID=183&MAN_ID=276&SITE_ID=5&idx=5&nav=liste] dipununduh 7 April 2013, 19.26 WIB</ref> sarta musiyum ''Harmas de Fabre'' ingkang wonten ing Sérignan-du-Comtat, * Sarta wonten sekawan situs èlmiyah inggih punika, ''Institut de Paléontologie humaine'' wonten ing Paris, ''Centre d'Ecologie générale de Brunoy'', ''Station de Biologie marine et de Marinarium Concarneau'' sarta CRESCO (''Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers'') wonten ing [[Dinard]]. == Dhapuk Kakuasaan == Dhapuk kakuasaan ingkang paling ageng wonten ing musiyum punika asring dipun-gantos, dhapuk kuwasa punika dipunparingaken dhumateng para ahli ingkang limpad dhumateng cabang èlmiyah.<ref name="publik"/> Kebon obat Raja ingkang dados musiyum publik (kebon ingkang ngandhut sujarah alam) punika mbetahaken kalih welas babagan ingkang kedah dipunpimpin déning para ahli.<ref name="publik"/> Gunggungipun kursi (dhapuk kuwasa) ingkang dipunwontenaken kanggé babagan-babagan èlmiyah punika dipun-gantos, amarga wonten evolusi. Saking kalih welas kursi punika, wonten kursi ingkang kedah dipuncepeng déning tiyang kalih.<ref name="publik"/> Pratélan Kursi saking Musiyum ''Nasional d'histoire naturelle'' punika para tokoh ingkang ngadhahi peran ageng wonten ing sujarah ngèlmu alam. Dipunmangertosi, manawi wonten ing wiwitan dhapuk kakuwasaan dipuncepeng déning [[Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck]], [[René Desfontaines]] sarta [[Georges Cuvier]], salajengipun dipunasta déning [[Paul Rivet]], [[Léon Vaillant]] sarta sanèsipun.<ref name="publik"/> == Kabudayan Populer == Bagiyan saka ''Jardin des Plantes'' kaya ta gladri [[Paleontologi]] sarta ''Anatomi Perbandingan'' punika dados sumber inspirasi kanggé para novelis grafis [[Perancis|Prancis]], [[Jacques Tardi]].<ref name="Jacq">[http://www.coolfrenchcomics.com/adeleblancsec.htm] dipununduh 7 April 2013, 20.28 WIB</ref> Jlentrehan babagan gladri medal wonten ing kaca pisanan sarta wonten malih ing pérangan kaca sasampunipun, salajengipun njlentrehaken babagan '''''Adèle et la bete''''' (''Adèle and the Beast'', 1976), album kaping pisanan wonten ing seri ''Les Aventures extraordinaires d'Adèle Blanc-Sec''.<ref name="taun 1976">[http://occultdetective.tripod.com/sec.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003045652/https://occultdetective.tripod.com/sec.htm |date=2023-10-03 }} dipununduh 7 April 2013, 20.32 WIB</ref> Carita punika dipunbikak babagan jaman 136 juta taun mbiyèn nalika tigannipun ''pterodactyl'' netés, pterodactyl punika urip lajeng medal liwat jendela kaca gladri, njalari cilaka masarakat [[Paris]].<ref name="taun 1976"/> == Direksi Musiyum National d'Histoire Naturelle == === Direksi 1793-1800 === Direktur ingkang naté nyepeng musiyum saking taun 1793 ngantos taun 1800: * 1793-1794: [[Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton]] * 1794-1795: [[Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu]] * 1795-1796: [[Bernard-Germain de Lacépède]] * 1796-1797: [[Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton]] * 1797-1798: [[Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton]] * 1798-1799: [[Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu]] * 1799-1800: [[Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu]] === Direksi 1800-1863 === Direktur ingkang naté nyepeng musiyum saking taun 1800 ngantos taun 1863 (kalih taun): * taun 1800 sarta taun 1801: [[Antoine-François Fourcroy]] * taun 1802 sarta taun 1803: [[René Desfontaines]] * taun 1804 sarta taun 1805: [[Antoine-François Fourcroy]] * taun 1806 sarta taun 1807: [[René Desfontaines]] * taun 1808 sarta taun 1809: [[Georges Cuvier]] * taun 1810 sarta taun 1811: [[René Desfontaines]] * taun 1812 sarta taun 1813: [[André Laugier]] * taun 1814 sarta taun 1815: [[André Thouin]] * taun 1816 sarta taun 1817: [[André Thouin]] * taun 1818 sarta taun 1819: [[André Laugier]] * taun 1820 sarta taun 1821: [[René Desfontaines]] * taun 1822 sarta taun 1823: [[Georges Cuvier]] * taun 1824 sarta taun 1825: [[Louis Cordier]] * taun 1826 sarta taun 1827: [[Georges Cuvier]] * taun 1828 sarta taun 1829: [[René Desfontaines]] * taun 1830 sarta taun 1831: [[Georges Cuvier]] * taun 1832 sarta taun 1833: [[Louis Cordier]] * taun 1834 sarta taun 1835: [[Adrien de Jussieu]] * taun 1836 sarta taun 1837: [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]] * taun 1838 sarta taun 1839: [[Louis Cordier]] * taun 1840 sarta taun 1841: [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]] * taun 1842 sarta taun 1843: [[Adrien de Jussieu]] * taun 1844 sarta taun 1845: [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]] * taun 1846 sarta taun 1847: [[Adolphe Brongniart]] * taun 1848 sarta taun 1849: [[Adrien de Jussieu]] * taun 1850 sarta taun 1851: [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]] * taun 1852 sarta taun 1853: [[André Marie Constant Duméril]] * taun 1854 sarta taun 1855: [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]] * taun 1856 sarta taun 1857: [[Marie Jean Pierre Flourens]] * taun 1858 sarta taun 1859: [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]] * taun 1860 sarta taun 1861: [[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]] * taun 1862 sarta taun 1863: [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]] ===Direksi 1863-1999=== Direksi ingkang naté nyepeng musiyum gangsal taun:: * 1863 ngantos 1879: [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]] * 1879 ngantos 1891: [[Edmond Frémy]] * 1891 ngantos 1900: [[Alphonse Milne-Edwards]] * 1900 ngantos 1919: [[Edmond Perrier]] * 1919 ngantos 1931: [[Louis Mangin]] * 1932 ngantos 1936: [[Paul Lemoine]] * 1936 ngantos 1942: [[Louis Germain]] * 1942 ngantos 1949: [[Achille Urbain]] * 1950 ngantos 1950: [[René Jeannel]] * 1951 ngantos 1965: [[Roger Heim]] * 1966 ngantos 1970: [[Maurice Fontaine]] * 1971 ngantos 1975: [[Yves Le Grand]] * 1976 ngantos 1985: [[Jean Dorst]] * 1985 ngantos 1990: [[Philippe Taquet]] * 1994 ngantos 1999: [[Henry de Lumley]] == Présidhèn Musiyum National d'Histoire Naturelle == Présidhèn ingkang kapilih, nyepeng kalungguhan ngantos gangsal taun: * taun 2002 ngantos taun 2006: [[Bernard Chevassus-au-Louis]] * taun 2006 ngantos taun 2008: [[André Menez]] (sèda nalika sasi Fèbruari taun 2008) * taun 2008...: [[Gilles Boeuf]] == Gladri Gambar == <gallery perrow="5"> Image:BdeSP.JPG|Patung [[Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre|Bernardin de St-Pierre]], kaliyan patung [[Paul et Virginie]]. Image:Jardin Alpin.JPG|Taman Alpin. Image:Jardinier du jardin des plantesplantes 2.jpg|Taman ingkang adem. Image:D'Orbigny4.JPG|Salah satunggaling musèum ingkang tuwa dhéwé ing dunya. Image:Serre cactees JdP.jpg|''serre des cactées'' (rumah kaca) ingkang dipunyasa nalika taun 1834-1836 déning Rohault de Fleury. Image:BecquerelCuvier2.JPG|Dalan mlebet [[Becquerel]], pérangan Lor, madhep griyanipun [[Georges Cuvier]], wonten mriku [[Henri Becquerel]] naliti radioaktivitas nalika 1896. Image:SemisGraineterie2.JPG|Bibit warisan botani wonten ing pulau Poliveau. Image:Galerie_de_paléontologie.jpg|wonten ing lebetipun gladri [[paléontologi]]. Image:HerpetoInter.jpg|Wonten ing salebetipun gladri [[herpetologi]] wonten ing kebun kéwan. Image:Flamants2.JPG|Plaminggu wonten ing kebon kéwan. |Detil situs utami saking Museum Paris, katingal wontenipun sadaya yasan, yasan ingkang gadhah sujarah 24 Maret 1993, [[Monument historique (France)|monument historique]]<ref>|Jardin des Plantes et Museum national d'Histoire naturelle</ref>. |Situs MNHN wonten ing [[Paris]]: ''Jardin des Plantes'', Institut Paleontologi Manungsa, Musée de l'Homme (arrondissement kaping enembelas) sarta Kebon Kéwan Vincennes. </gallery> == Ugi pirsani == {{Portal|Paris|History}} * [[Museum]] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist|2}} == Pranala njawi == * [http://www.mnhn.fr/muséum/foffice/transverse/transverse/accueil.xsp?cl=en MNHN official website] ''(English version) * [http://www.muséum-mineral.fr/home.php?changelg=en the Virtual Gallery of Mineralogy]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''(English version) * [http://www.rutelide-dundee.com/Marc3F.htm Popular and unofficial site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715215002/http://www.rutelide-dundee.com/Marc3F.htm |date=2011-07-15 }} ''(French only)'' * [http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=musee+d%27histoire+naturelle Flickr] Mostly Paris, some Lille. * [http://www.paris-attractions.com/muséum-national-d-histoire-naturelle/ Photos of Muséum national d'histoire naturelle ]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(English version) {{DEFAULTSORT:Museum National D'histoire Naturelle}} [[Kategori:Museum Paris]] [[Kategori:Pariwisata ing Paris]] hxmbf382zyss68h0erx1y5co9tio77f 0 99909 1748927 1744333 2026-05-13T19:06:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox | name = Mantophasmatidae | fossil_range= [[Jurassic]] - Saiki | image =Mantophasma zephyra Zompro et al 2002.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Mantophasma zephyrum]]'' Zompro ''sakanca.'', 2002 | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Gegremet|Insecta]] | subclassis = [[Pterygota]] | infraclassis = [[Neoptera]] | superordo = [[Exopterygota]] | ordo = [[Notoptera]]<ref name=ArilloEngel2006 /> | ordo_authority = Arillo & Engel, 2006 | subordo = '''Mantophasmatodea''' | familia = '''Mantophasmatidae''' | subdivision_ranks = Subfamili, suku | subdivision = [[#Klasifikasi|pirsani tèks]] }} '''Mantophasmatidae''' iku sawijining subordo saka gegremet sajeroning ordo '''[[Notoptera]]'''. Awalé gegremet-gegremet iki dianggep ordo dhéwé, lan dijenengi '''Mantophasmatodea''', nanging panalitèn sabanjuré nyaranaké yèn gegremet-gegremet iki kalebu sajeroning ordo kang padha kaya déné '''[[Grylloblattidae]]''', lan kaloro subordo digabung sajeroning ordo Notoptera. Mantophasmatidae iku subordo [[gegremet]] [[karnivora]] [[Afrika]] kang tinemu nalika taun [[2001]].<ref name=Klass2002>K.-D. Klass, O. Zompro, N.P. Kristensen, J. Adis. Mantophasmatodea: a new insect order with extant members in the afrotropics Science, 296 (2002), pp. 1456–1459</ref><ref name=Adis2002>Adis, J., O. Zompro, E. Moombolah-Goagoses, and E. Marais. 2002. Gladiators: A new order of insect. Scientific American 287:60-65.</ref> Golongan iki awalé ditepungaké minangka sawijining ordo gegremet anyar, nanging dhedhasar bukti paling anyar nuduhaké gegandhèngan [[adhi golongan]] karo [[Grylloblattidae]] (sadurungé diklasifikasikaké sajeroning ordo [[Grylloblattodea]]),<ref name=TW2005>Terry, M.D., and M.F. Whiting. 2005. Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects. Cladistics 21(3): 240–257.</ref><ref name=Cameron2006>{{cite journal |author=S. L. Cameron, S. C. Barker & M. F. Whiting |year=2006 |title=Mitochondrial genomics and the new insect order Mantophasmatodea |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=38 |pages=274–279 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.020 |pmid=16321547 |issue=1}}</ref> Arillo & Engel wis nggabungaké rong golongan mau dadi sak ordo, [[Notoptera]].<ref name=ArilloEngel2006>[http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5817/1/N3539.pdf Arillo, A. & M. Engel (2006) Rock Crawlers in Baltic Amber (Notoptera: Mantophasmatodea). American Museum Novitates 3539:1-10]</ref> Ordo iki èndhemik tumrap [[Afrika Kidul]] pérangan kulon lan [[Namibia]] ([[Brandberg Massif]]^{[http://www.mantophasmatodea.de/gladiator/namibiafahrtGB.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217201015/http://www.mantophasmatodea.de/gladiator/namibiafahrtGB.htm |date=2007-12-17 }}}). == Klasifikasi == Klasifikasi paling anyar<ref name="ArilloEngel2006" /> ngakoni akèh genera, kalebu fosil: [[File:Gladiator.jpg|thumb|Kaindhèntifikasi sajeroning [[Zoologische Staatssammlung München]]]] * [[Basal (évolusi)|Basal]] lan ''[[incertae sedis]]'' ** Genus †''[[Raptophasma]]'' <small>Zompro, 2001</small> ** Genus †''[[Adicophasma]]'' <small>Engel & Grimaldi, 2004</small> ** Genus †''[[Ensiferophasma]]'' <small>Zompro, 2005</small> (mungkin dudu duwèkané Mantophasmatodea) * Subfamili [[Tanzaniophasmatinae]] ** Genus ''[[Tanzaniophasma]]'' <small> Klass, Picker, Damgaard, van Noort, Tojo, 2003</small> * Subfamili [[Mantophasmatinae]] ** Suku [[Tyrannophasmatini]] *** Genus ''[[Praedatophasma]]'' <small>Zompro & Adis, 2002</small> *** Genus ''[[Tyrannophasma]]'' <small>Zompro, 2003</small> ** Suku [[Mantophasmatini]] <small>Zompro, Klass, Kristensen, Adis, 2002</small> ([[paraphyletic]]?) *** Genus ''[[Chrisphasmanae]]''<small> Zompro, Klass, Adis, 2001</small> *** Genus ''[[Mantophasma]]'' <small>Zompro, Klass, Kristensen, Adis, 2002</small> *** Genus ''[[Sclerophasma]]'' <small> Klass, Picker, Damgaard, van Noort, Tojo, 2003</small> ** Suku [[Austrophasmatini]] <small> Klass, Picker, Damgaard, van Noort, Tojo, 2003</small> *** Genus ''[[Viridiphasma]]'' <small> Eberhard, Picker, Klass, 2011</small><ref>Eberhard, MJB, MD Picker and KD Klass. (2011). Sympatry in Mantophasmatodea, with the description of a new species and phylogenetic considerations. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 11(1): 43-59.[http://www.springerlink.com/content/7363030802434484/]{{Pranala mati|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *** Genus ''[[Austrophasma]]'' <small> Klass, Picker, Damgaard, van Noort, Tojo, 2003</small> *** Genus ''[[Hemilobophasma]]'' <small> Klass, Picker, Damgaard, van Noort, Tojo, 2003</small> *** Genus ''[[Karoophasma]]'' <small> Klass, Picker, Damgaard, van Noort, Tojo, 2003</small> *** Genus ''[[Lobatophasma]]'' <small>Klass, Picker, Damgaard, van Noort, Tojo, 2003</small> (sadurungé ''Lobophasma'') *** Sak ora-orané 3 spésies saka siji utawa luwih genera anyar Sok-sok subfamili lan suku-suku kabèh digedhèkaké kanggo status kulawarga jangkep. == Uga delengen == *[[Oliver Zompro]] == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Mantophasmatodea}} {{wikispecies}} * [http://www.sungaya.de/oz/gladiator/ Mantophasmatodea - A new order of insects] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030701220008/http://www.sungaya.de/oz/gladiator/ |date=2003-07-01 }} * [http://www.muséums.org.za/bio/insects/mantophasmatodea/index.htm Mantophasmatodea]{{Pranala mati|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/03/0328_0328_TVstickinsect.html New insect order found in Southern Africa] * [http://animals.about.com/cs/insects/a/aa041902a.htm New order of insects identified: Mantophasmatodea find their place in Class Insecta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204012629/http://animals.about.com/cs/insects/a/aa041902a.htm |date=2009-02-04 }} [[Kategori:Gegremet]] [[Kategori:Sato kéwan]] [[Kategori:Fauna]] {{kéwan-stub}} ogsvi6xjxfibkambag5pso05ph18rbz 0 128202 1748921 1748382 2026-05-13T14:09:53Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748921 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Deaths in month TOC}} --> __NOTOC__ Artikel iki pratélan pati ing [[2015#Pati|Januari 2015]]: == Januari 2015 == === 1 === *[[Barbara Atkinson]], 88, aktris Britania (''[[Z-Cars]]'').<ref>[http://www.thestage.co.uk/people/obituaries/2015/01/obituary-barbara-atkinson/ Obituary: Barbara Atkinson ]</ref> *[[Staryl C. Austin]], 94, Brigjen Angkatan Udara AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/statesmanjournal/obituary.aspx?n=staryl-austin&pid=173738500&fhid=7982 Staryl Austin Obituary]</ref> *[[Ulrich Beck]], 70, ahli sosiologi Jerman, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/jan/06/ulrich-beck Ulrich Beck obituary]</ref> *[[Fiona Cumming]], 77, sutradara tv Britania (''[[Doctor Who]]'').<ref>[http://www.doctorwhonews.net/2015/01/fiona-cumming-1937-2015.html Fiona Cumming 1937-2015]</ref> *[[Eric Cunningham]], 65, pulitikus Kanadha (1975–1984).<ref>[http://www.thespec.com/news-story/5239289-former-hamilton-mpp-eric-cunningham-dies-in-his-sleep-at-65/ Former Hamilton MPP Eric Cunningham dies in his sleep at 65]</ref> *[[Mario Cuomo]], 82, pulitikus AS, Gubernur of New York (1983–1994), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/01/us/mario-cuomo-dies-new-york-governor/ Mario Cuomo, former New York governor, dies at 82]</ref> *[[Donna Douglas]], 82, aktris AS (''[[The Beverly Hillbillies]], [[Frankie and Johnny (filem 1966)|Frankie and Johnny]], [[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]''), kanker pankréas.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/03/arts/television/donna-douglas-the-fairest-beverly-hillbilly-dies-at-82.html Donna Douglas, the Fairest ‘Beverly Hillbilly,’ Dies at 82]</ref> *[[Matthew Franjola]], 72, wartawan AS ([[Associated Press]]) lan juru foto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asiancorrespondent.com/129513/vietnam-war-reporter-matthew-franjola-dies/ |title=Vietnam War reporter Matthew Franjola dies aged 72 |access-date=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115060017/http://asiancorrespondent.com/129513/vietnam-war-reporter-matthew-franjola-dies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jeff Golub]], 59, juru main gitar AS.<ref>[http://jazztimes.com/articles/151334-guitarist-jeff-golub-dies-at-59 Guitarist Jeff Golub Dies at 59]</ref> *[[Omar Karami]], 80, pulitikus Libanon lan manten Nayakotama (1990–1992, 2004–2005).<ref>[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Jan-01/282778-former-prime-minister-omar-karami-dies-at-age-of-80.ashx Former Prime Minister Omar Karami dies at age of 80]</ref> *[[Bill Keating (American football)|Bill Keating]], 70, juru main bal-balan Amérika ([[Denver Broncos]], [[Miami Dolphins]]) lan ahli kukum.<ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_27243695/prominent-attorney-keating-dies-at-70 Prominent Colorado attorney and former Bronco Bill Keating dies at 70]</ref> *[[Tore Helge Larsen]], 69, ulah ragawan Nurwègen.<ref>[https://www.rikstoto.no/Nyheter-og-tips/2015/Januar/01/Tore-Helge-Larsen-dod/ Tore Helge Larsen er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Géry Leuliet]], 104, biskop Prancis (1963–1985).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bleuliet.html Bishop Géry-Jacques-Charles Leuliet]</ref> *[[Boris Morukov]], 64, kosmonaut lan fisikawan Ruslan, [[STS-106]].<ref>[http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-010115a-obituary-boris-morukov-cosmonaut.html Russian cosmonaut Boris Morukov, space station visitor and Mars sim leader, dies]</ref> *[[Kjell Noreik]], 85, fisikawan Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Kjell-Noreik-7862903.html Nekrolog Kjell Noreik] {{no icon}}</ref> <!--P-->*[[Mrunalini Devi Puar]], 83, tokoh pawiyatan India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://netindian.in/news/2015/01/02/00032074/mrunalini-devi-puar-chancellor-m-s-university-baroda-passes-away |title=Mrunalini Devi Puar, Chancellor of M S University of Baroda, passes away |access-date=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2016-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313115633/http://netindian.in/news/2015/01/02/00032074/mrunalini-devi-puar-chancellor-m-s-university-baroda-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ninón Sevilla]], 93, aktris Mèksiko kalairan Kuba (''[[Aventurera]]''), serangan jantung.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/in-english/2015/mexico-cuba-ninon-sevilla-death-99543.html |title=Ninón Sevilla dies of a heart attack |access-date=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2015-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102020753/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/in-english/2015/mexico-cuba-ninon-sevilla-death-99543.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[William Lloyd Standish]], 84, hakim AS (1987–2002).<ref>[http://triblive.com/news/allegheny/7482955-74/standish-judge-county#axzz3NdmiH16D Attorney, Allegheny County, U.S. judge dies at 84, was mentor to many]</ref> *[[Manasa Vaniqi]], 62, pegawé nagara dhuwur Fiji.<ref>[http://fijivillage.com/news/Manasa-Vaniqi-passes-away-k529rs/ Manasa Vaniqi passes away]</ref> *[[Miller Williams]], 84, pujangga Amérikah Sarékat, lelara Alzheimer.<ref>[http://www.nwaonline.com/news/2015/jan/02/poet-miller-williams-84-dies-20150102/ Poet Miller Williams, 84, dies]</ref> === 2 === *[[Per-Olof Åstrand]], 92, fisiologis Swèdhen.<ref>[http://exxentric.com/per-olof-astrand-remembered/ Per-Olof Åstrand Remembered: My First Inspiration for Applied Sport Science]</ref> *[[James A. Barlow]], 91, pulitikus AS, anggota ''Wyoming House of Representatives'' (1983–1987).<ref>[http://www.meaningfulfunerals.net/fh/print.cfm?type=obituary&o_id=2890268&fh_id=13508 James A. Barlow]</ref> *[[Charles Baur]], 85, pulitikus Prancis, ketua déwan régional [[Picardy]] (1976–1978, 1985–2004).<ref>[http://www.courrier-picard.fr/region/charles-baur-decede-a-85-ans-ia0b0n495655 Charles Baur décède à 85 ans] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Noel Cobb]], 76, filsuf Britania.<ref>[http://www.dagbladet.no/2015/01/05/kultur/bok/litteratur/noel_cobb/37008876/ Poeten Noel Cobb er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Little Jimmy Dickens]], 94, penyanyi AS ("[[May the Bird of Paradise Fly Up Your Nose]]"), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2015/01/02/little-jimmy-dickens-dies/20994825/ Country great "Little" Jimmy Dickens dies at 94]</ref> *[[Baldina Di Vittorio]], 94, pulitikus Italia.<ref>[http://27esimaora.corriere.it/articolo/e-morta-baldina-di-vittoriodopo-la-liberazionesi-occupo-dei-diritti-delle-donne/ È morta Baldina Di Vittorio Dopo la Liberazione si occupò dei diritti delle donne] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Danny Dunton]], 90, pambalap Britania.<ref>[http://www.speedwaygb.co/news.php?extend.28128 Danny Dunton]</ref> *[[Maurice Fontaine]], 95, pulitikus Prancis.<ref>[http://www.objectifgard.com/2015/01/03/aigues-mortes-deces-lancien-senateur-maire-maurice-fontaine/ AIGUES-MORTES Décès de l’ancien sénateur-maire Maurice Fontaine] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Bob Gilmore]], 53, juru main musik Britania.<ref>[http://www.artsjournal.com/postclassic/2015/01/bob-gilmore-1961-2015.html Bob Gilmore (1961-2015)]</ref> *[[Vasant Gowarikar]], 81, ngèlmuwan India.<ref>[http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/former-isro-chairman-v-r-gowarikar-died-in-pune-1420278745-1 Former ISRO Chairman V R Gowarikar died in Pune]</ref> *[[Basil Hansen]], 88, ulah ragawan Australia, juru main hoki ès.<ref>[http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=9327&cHash=6139b973a891b6404cf7d739a7b18329 Hansen passes away]</ref> *[[Lloyd Lynn House]], 83, pulitikus AS, anggota [[Arizona House of Representatives]] (1967–1968).<ref>[http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/politics/2015/01/06/arizonas-first-native-american-lawmaker-dies/21364087/ Arizona's first Native American lawmaker dies]</ref> *[[Roger Kitter]], 64, aktor Britania (''[['Allo 'Allo!]]'').<ref>[http://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2015/01/05/21581/allo_allo_star_roger_kitter_dies Allo Allo star Roger Kitter dies]</ref> *<!--L-->[[Lam Pou-chuen]], 63, seniman ''dubbing'' Hong Kong (''[[Doraemon]]''), diabetes.<ref>[http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking_news_detail.asp?id=55783&icid=3&d_str=20150102 Dubbing artist dies at age 63]</ref> <!--L-->*[[Abu Anas al-Libi]], 50, anggota [[al-Qaeda]] saka Libya lan ditahan ing AS, kanker lèver (ati).<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/al-qaeda-terrorist-suspect-dies-days-before-his-trial-in-new-york/2015/01/02/7a5a0b7c-9302-11e4-ba53-a477d66580ed_story.html Al-Qaeda terrorist suspect dies days before his trial in New York]</ref> *[[John McQuilten]], 65, pulitikus Australia] (1999–2006).<ref>[http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/2796201/former-politician-john-mcquilten-dies/ Former politician John McQuilten dies]</ref> *[[Derek Minter]], 82, ulah ragawan lan pambalap British Grand Prix.<ref>[http://www.oliepeil.nl/nieuws/5766-sonntagsgeschiednis-met-huub-ode-aan-derek-minter.html Sonntagsgeschiednis met Huub - Ode aan Derek Minter] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Arthur Neu]], 81, pulitikus AS, [[Lieutenant Governor of Iowa]] (1973–1979), member of the [[Iowa Senate]] (1967–1973).<ref>[http://www.kcci.com/news/former-lt-governor-art-neu-dies/30499638 Former Lt. Governor Art Neu dies]</ref> *[[Tihomir Novakov]], 85, fisikawan AS kalairan Serbia.<ref>[http://eetd.lbl.gov/news/article/59381/tihomir-novakov-1929-2015 Tihomir Novakov, 1929-2015]</ref> *[[István Pásztor (ulah ragawan)|István Pásztor]], 89, ulah ragawan Honggari.<ref>[http://mksz.sport.hu/mksz-informaciok/mksz-hirek-kozlemenyek/707-elhunyt-pasztor-istvan-1926-2015 Elhunyt Pásztor István (1926-2015)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105222923/http://mksz.sport.hu/mksz-informaciok/mksz-hirek-kozlemenyek/707-elhunyt-pasztor-istvan-1926-2015 |date=2015-01-05 }} {{hu icon}}</ref> *[[Arpád Račko]], 84, seniman patung Slowak.<ref>[http://www.topky.sk/cl/10/1448053/Navzdy-nas-opustil-Arpad-Racko84Vyznamny-kosicky-sochar--autor-slavneho-Maratonca-mieru Navždy nás opustil Arpád Račko (†84) Významný košický sochár, autor slávneho Maratónca mieru] {{sk icon}}</ref> *[[Vincent Cartledge Reddish]], 86, ahli astronomi Sekotlan, [[Astronomer Royal for Scotland]] (1975–1980).<ref>[http://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-prof-vincent-reddish-obe-1-3662879?WT.mc_id=Outbrain_text&obref Obituary Prof Vincent Reddish OBE]</ref> *[[Kristian Sundtoft]], 77, pulitikus Nurwègen.<ref>[https://www.stortinget.no/no/Representanter-og-komiteer/Representantene/Representantfordeling/Representant/?perid=KRS&tab=Biography Sundtoft, Kristian ( 1937-2015 )] {{no icon}}</ref> === 3 === *[[Jamal Uddin Ahmad]], 85, pulitikus Bangladèsh, Wakil Nayakotama (1977–1982).<ref>[http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/01/04/former-deputy-prime-minister-jamal-uddin-ahmad-dies Former deputy prime minister Jamal Uddin Ahmad dies]</ref> *[[Daniel Albright]], 69, tokoh akadèmis AS.<ref>[http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2015/1/10/daniel-albright-obituary/ Albright Remembered as Whimsical English and Music Teacher]</ref> *[[Martin Anderson (ahli ékonomi)|Martin Anderson]], 78, ahli ékonomi Amérika lan panaséhat pulitik.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/06/business/martin-anderson-adviser-to-ronald-reagan-dies-at-78.html?_r=0 Martin Anderson, White House Adviser to Reagan, Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Adunni Bankole]], 55, pangusaha wanita Nigéria.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/society-lady-adunni-bankole-is-dead/198329/ |title=Society Lady, Adunni Bankole, is Dead |access-date=2015-11-02 |archive-date=2015-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119000525/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/society-lady-adunni-bankole-is-dead/198329/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Edward Brooke]], 95, pulitikus kulit ireng AS, anggota [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] saka [[Massachusetts]] (1967–1979).<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/edward-w-brooke-first-african-american-elected-to-the-us-senate-dies-at-95/2015/01/03/cdabb80a-938b-11e4-ba53-a477d66580ed_story.html Edward W. Brooke, first African American popularly elected to U.S. Senate, dies at 95]</ref> *[[Bryan Caldwell]], 54, juru main bal-balan Amérika ([[Tennessee Titans|Houston Oilers]]), Hodgkin's lymphoma.<ref>[http://www.azcentral.com/story/sports/college/asu/2015/01/03/asu-football-bryan-caldwell/21242607/ Former ASU defensive lineman Bryan Caldwell dies at 54]</ref> *[[Paulinus Costa]], 78, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Bangladèsh, Biskop Agung [[Dhaka]] (2005–2011), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/01/05/retired_dhaka_archbishop_paulinus_costa_passes_away/1117026 Retired Dhaka Archbishop Paulinus Costa passes away]</ref> *[[Maher Hathout]], 79, pamimpin Kaum Muslim AS katurunan Mesir, kanker.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-maher-hathout-20150104-story.html Dr. Maher Hathout, Muslim advocate for interfaith peace, dies at 79]</ref> *[[Bill Jessup]], 85, juru main bal-balan gagrag Amérika ([[San Francisco 49ers]]).<ref>[http://www.presstelegram.com/obituaries/20150117/bill-jessup-long-beach-football-great-and-nfl-player-dies-at-85 Bill Jessup, Long Beach football great and NFL player, dies at 85]</ref> *[[Rueben Philip Job]], 86, rohaniawan Métodis Manunggal Amérika (''American United Methodist''), Biskop Iowa, ''Episcopal Area'' (1984–1992).<ref>[http://www.emk.de/meldungen-2015/bischof-rueben-p-job-gestorben.html Bischof Rueben P. Job gestorben] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113022249/http://www.emk.de/meldungen-2015/bischof-rueben-p-job-gestorben.html |date=2015-01-13 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Muath al-Kasasbeh]], 26, juru anggegana Yordania lan sanderawan [[ISIS]], kaobong urip-urip.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/3/jordan-juru |title=anggegana-burned-alive-isis-video/ Jordan juru anggegana burned alive in ISIS video |access-date=2016-03-21 |archive-date=2020-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925070015/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/3/jordan-juru/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Olga Knyazeva]], 60, juru main anggar Ruslan, jawara Olimpiade 1976.<ref>[http://www.tatar-inform.ru/news/2015/01/03/436930/ Ушла из жизни лучшая рапиристка мира-1975 Ольга Князева] {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Kurt Kuch]], 42, jurnalis Ostenrik, kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.profil.at/articles/1501/983/378792/news-journalist-kurt-kuch-lungenkrebs "News"-Journalist Kurt Kuch an Lungenkrebs gestorben] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103205642/http://www.profil.at/articles/1501/983/378792/news-journalist-kurt-kuch-lungenkrebs |date=2015-01-03 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Bernice Madigan]], 115, [[supercentenarian]] AS, wong kaping lima tuwa dhéwé sadonya.<ref>[http://www.iberkshires.com/story/48218/Bernice-Madigan-State-s-Oldest-Citizen-Dies-at-115.html Bernice Madigan, State's Oldest Citizen, Dies at 115]</ref> *[[Willy Ovesen]], 90, pagawé nagari Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Willy-Ovesen-7857866.html Nekrolog Willy Ovesen] {{no icon}}</ref> * [[Viktor Prudnikov]], 75, Jèndral Angkatan Udara Ruslan.<ref>[http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150103/1041294848.html Прощание с последним главкомом войск ПВО Прудниковым пройдет 6 января]</ref> *[[Terence Ranger]], 85, sajarawan Britania.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jan/18/terrance-ranger-obituary Terence Ranger obituary]</ref> *[[Denny Sakrie]], 51, kritikus musik Indonésia lan panyiar radio.<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/03/legendary-music-critic-denny-sakrie-passes-away-51.html Legendary music critic Denny Sakrie passes away at 51]</ref> *[[Allie Sherman]], 91, juru main bal-balan gagrak Amérika ([[Philadelphia Eagles]]) lan palatih [[New York Giants]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?pid=173729688 Alex Sherman]</ref> *[[Jouko Törmänen]], 60, juru main ski Finlan, jawara Olimpiade Mangsa Atis 1980.<ref>[http://www.lapinkansa.fi/Kotimaa/1194951225612/artikkeli/olympiavoittaja+jouko+tormanen+on+kuollut.html Olympiavoittaja Jouko Törmänen on kuollut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103210822/http://www.lapinkansa.fi/Kotimaa/1194951225612/artikkeli/olympiavoittaja+jouko+tormanen+on+kuollut.html |date=2015-01-03 }} {{fi icon}}</ref> === 4 === *[[Chang Sung-hwan]], 94, jèndral lan diplomat Koréa Kidul, Sénapati Angkatan Udara Koréa (1962–1964).<ref>[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/people/2015/01/178_171148.html Former Air Force chief of staff dies at 94]</ref> *[[Elisabetta Catalano]], 70, juru foto kagunan alus Italia.<ref>[http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Addio-ad-Elisabetta-Catalano-fotografa-delle-star-800f4a33-7809-454b-8ff4-c29716ceaec5.html E' morta Elisabetta Catalano, la fotografa delle star] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Pino Daniele]], 59, panyanyi lan panulis lagi Italia, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/half-black-italian-star-is-dead-aged-59/ ‘Half-black’ Italian star is dead, aged 59]</ref> *[[Chitresh Das]], 70, panayub India, guru lan koréografer, aneurisme.<ref>[http://sfbay.ca/2015/01/04/pandit-chitresh-das-dies-at-70/ Pandit Chitresh Das dies at 70]</ref> *[[Al Delugach]], 89, wartawan AS, pamenang Bebungah Pulitzer, [[:w:mesothelioma]].<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Pulitzer-winning-investigative-reporter-Al-6002777.php Pulitzer-winning investigative reporter Al Delugach dies]</ref> *[[Lance Diamond]], 72, panyanyi AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wkbw.com/news/lance-diamond-dies |title=Lance Diamond dies |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111233057/http://www.wkbw.com/news/lance-diamond-dies |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jay Furman]], 72, pangusaha lan pambangun ''real estate'' AS, kanker.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?n=jay-furman&pid=173741107 Jay Furman: Obituary]</ref> *[[He Zhenliang]], 85, pulitikus lan diplomat Tiongkok.<ref>[http://sports.ifeng.com/a/20150104/42855534_0.shtml?_baidualading#_zbs_baidu_xk 中国奥委会名誉主席何振梁因病去世] {{zh icon}}</ref> *[[Gene Kemp]], 88, panulis buku bocah Britania (''[[The Turbulent Term of Tyke Tiler]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.westmidlandsnews.org.uk/news/obituary-tamworth-author-gene-kemp |title=Obituary: Tamworth Author Gene Kemp |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204121531/http://www.westmidlandsnews.org.uk/news/obituary-tamworth-author-gene-kemp |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Haroldo Lara]], 80, juru nglangi Olimpiade Brazilia (1952 lan 1956).<ref>[http://globoesporte.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/natacao/noticia/2015/01/ex-nadador-olimpico-haroldo-de-melo-lara-morre-aos-80-anos.html Ex-nadador olímpico, Haroldo de Melo Lara morre aos 80 anos] {{pt icon}}</ref> *[[Azizullah Lodin]], +/-75, pulitikus Afganistan.<ref>[http://www.khaama.com/ex-afghan-anti-corruption-chief-passed-away-in-united-states-9206 Ex-Afghan anti-corruption chief passed away in United States]</ref> *[[Gasan Magomedov]], 20, juru main bal-balan Ruslan ([[FC Anzhi-2 Makhachkala|Anzhi-2]]), ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/04/anzhi-makhachkala-gasan-magomedow-shot-killed-russia Anzhi Makhachkala footballer Gasan Magomedov shot and killed in Russia]</ref> *[[John McPhee (juru main bal-balan)|John McPhee]], 77, juru main bal-balan Sekotlan ([[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]], [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]).<ref>[http://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/sport/blackpool-fc/armfield-leads-tributes-to-pool-hero-john-mcphee-1-7033186 Armfield leads tributes to Pool hero John McPhee]</ref> *[[Stu Miller]], 87, juru main bisbol AS ([[San Francisco Giants]], [[Baltimore Orioles]]).<ref>[http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/12125102/former-san-francisco-giants-pitcher-stu-miller-dies-age-87 Former Giants pitcher Stu Miller dies]</ref> *[[Juan Isidro Moreno]], 90, pujangga Républik Dominika.<ref>[http://caribbeandigital.net/muere-juan-isidro-moreno-padre-de-guillermo-moreno/ Muere Juan Isidro Moreno, padre de Guillermo Moreno] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Hasan Hazer Moshar]], 91, seniman Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iranfrontpage.com/news/cultures/arts/2015/01/not-lose-life-life-lost/ |title=He did not lose his life, life lost him |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114185246/http://iranfrontpage.com/news/cultures/arts/2015/01/not-lose-life-life-lost/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jack Parr (basketball)|Jack Parr]], 78, juru main baskèt AS ([[Sacramento Kings|Cincinnati Royals]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.salina.com/news/former-k-state-hoop-standout-jack-parr-dies-at/article_6a310aba-14ae-5489-9005-1308fe160e4e.html |title=Former K-State hoop standout, Jack Parr, dies at 78 |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150105011237/http://www.salina.com/news/former-k-state-hoop-standout-jack-parr-dies-at/article_6a310aba-14ae-5489-9005-1308fe160e4e.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Natalino Pescarolo]], 85, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Italia, Biskop [[Fossano]] (1992–2005) lan Diocese saka Cuneo (1999–2005).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bpesn.html Bishop Natalino Pescarolo]</ref> *[[Hank Peters]], 90, èksèkutif bisbol AS ([[Baltimore Orioles]]), komplikasi serangan setruk.<ref>[http://washington.cbslocal.com/2015/01/04/former-orioles-gm-hank-peters-dies/ Former Orioles GM Hank Peters Dies]</ref> *[[Ahuti Prasad]], 57, aktor India, kanker usus.<ref>[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150104/entertainment-tollywood/article/telugu-actor-ahuti-prasad-passes-away Telugu actor Ahuti Prasad passes away at 57]</ref> *[[Ives Roqueta]], 78, panulis basa Occitan saka Prancis.<ref>[http://www.jornalet.com/nova/4542/es-mort-ives-roqueta Es mòrt Ives Roqueta] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Eli Sagan]], 87, produsèn klambi AS, panulis antropologi budaya lan salah sijiné [[Pratélan Musuh Nixon|Musuh Nixon]].<ref>[http://www.northjersey.com/obituaries/top-obituaries/eli-sagan-87-proud-nixon-enemy-1.1189356 Eli Sagan, 87, proud Nixon 'enemy']</ref> *[[Stuart Scott]], 49, wartawan ulah raga AS (''[[SportsCenter]]''), kanker usus buntu.<ref>[http://espn.go.com/espn/story/_/id/12118296/stuart-scott-espn-anchor-dies-age-49 Stuart Scott, ESPN anchor, dies of cancer at 49]</ref> *[[Michele Serros]], 48, panulis novèl lan pujangga AS, tumor ganas klanjer idu.<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/michele-serros-who-wrote-about-bicultural-life-dies-n280126 Michele Serros, Who Wrote About Bicultural Life, Dies]</ref> *[[Upendra Trivedi]], 78, aktor India lan sutradarawan.<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/gujarati-actor-upendra-trivedi-passes-away-pm-modi-condoles-death_1524562.html Gujarati actor Upendra Trivedi passes away, PM Modi condoles death]</ref> *[[Richard D. Veltri]], 79, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Connecticut]].<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/hartfordcourant/obituary.aspx?pid=173758214 Richard D. Veltri Ph.D.]</ref> *[[René Vautier]], 86, sutradara Prancis (''[[Avoir 20 ans dans les Aurès]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/country-news/French-anti-colonial-firebrand-film-maker-Vautier-dies_444187.html |title=French anti-colonial firebrand film-maker Vautier dies |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104214516/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/country-news/French-anti-colonial-firebrand-film-maker-Vautier-dies_444187.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bernard Williams (producer)|Bernard Williams]], 72, produsèn filem Britania (''[[A Clockwork Orange (filem)|A Clockwork Orange]]'', ''[[Daredevil (filem)|Daredevil]]'', ''[[Flash Gordon (filem)|Flash Gordon]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bernard-williams-producer-a-clockwork-763125 Bernard Williams, Producer on 'A Clockwork Orange' and 'Ragtime,' Dies at 72]</ref> *[[Edmund Wnuk-Lipiński]], 70, tokoh akadémis Polen.<ref>[http://m.wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,117915,17209160,Prof__Edmund_Wnuk_Lipinski_nie_zyje.html Prof. Edmund Wnuk-Lipiński nie żyje] {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[János Zsombolyai]], 75, ahli filem Honggari, sutradara lan panulis skénario.<ref>[http://dailynewshungary.com/film-director-janos-zsombolyai-dies-at-75/ Film director Janos Zsombolyai dies at 75]</ref> ===5=== *[[Joy Ali]], 36, juru main tinju kelas tengah Fiji.<ref>[http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=290923 Joy Ali passes away]</ref> *[[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]], 77, pambalap [[Formula One]] saka Prancis, pamenang [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix]], serangan setruk.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.euronews.com/sport/2868716-french-f1-winner-beltoise-dies-at-77/ |title=French F1 winner Beltoise dies at 77 |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107113520/http://www.euronews.com/sport/2868716-french-f1-winner-beltoise-dies-at-77/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Al Bendich]], 85, sarjana kukum AS, aktivis HAM.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/14/us/al-bendich-defender-of-howl-and-lenny-bruces-comedy-is-dead-at-85.html?_r=0 Al Bendich, Defender of ‘Howl’ and Lenny Bruce’s Comedy, Is Dead at 85]</ref> *[[Khan Bonfils]], 42, aktor Inggris (''[[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]]'', ''[[Batman Begins]]'', ''[[Skyfall]]'').<ref>[http://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/former-star-wars-actor-collapses-and-dies-during-rehearsal-for-dantes-inferno-9961551.html Former Star Wars actor collapses and dies during rehearsal for Dante's Inferno in London]</ref> *[[Jim Burton (ice hockey)|Jim Burton]], 53, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[Hershey Bears]]) lan palatih, serangan jantung.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wjbf.com/story/27773906/former-augusta-lynx-coach-passes-away |title=Former Augusta Lynx Coach Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109133156/http://www.wjbf.com/story/27773906/former-augusta-lynx-coach-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jack Calmes]], 71, pancipta AS, èksèkutif lan juru main musik.<ref>[http://livedesignonline.com/business-people-news/memoriam-jack-calmes-1943-2015 In Memoriam Jack Calmes (1943-2015)]</ref> *[[Eylül Cansın]], 24, wanita transgender Turki, nglalu mawa mencolot saka kreteg.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://planettransgender.com/turkish-transgender-woman-commits-suicide-i-could-not-did-not-allow/ |title=Turkish transgender woman commits suicide |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2016-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220052717/http://planettransgender.com/turkish-transgender-woman-commits-suicide-i-could-not-did-not-allow/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bobby Carter]], 75, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Tennessee]] (1995–2002).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wbbjtv.com/news/local/Former-state-senator-Bobby-Carter-dies-287532381.html |title=Former state senator, Jackson businessman Bobby Carter dies at 75 |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105213930/http://www.wbbjtv.com/news/local/Former-state-senator-Bobby-Carter-dies-287532381.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[William R. Catton, Jr.]], 88, ahli sosiologi lingkungan urip AS.<ref>[http://www.peakoilindia.org/2015/02/06/obit-william-r-catton-jr-jan-15-1926-jan-5-2015/ Obituary William R. Catton Jr. (Jan 15, 1926 – Jan 5, 2015)]</ref> *[[Arthur E. Chase]], 84, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Massachusetts]] (1991–1995).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/yadkinripple/obituary.aspx?pid=173738987 Arthur Chase]</ref> *[[Albert Firth]], 77, juru main liga rugby Inggris ([[Wakefield Trinity Wildcats|Wakefield Trinity]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/local-news/tributes-flood-in-for-wakefield-trinity-legend-albert-budgie-firth-1-7036247 |title=Tributes flood in for Wakefield Trinity legend Albert ‘Budgie’ Firth |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106233941/http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/local-news/tributes-flood-in-for-wakefield-trinity-legend-albert-budgie-firth-1-7036247 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Antonio Fuertes]], 85, juru main bal-balan Spanyol ([[Valencia CF|Valencia]], [[Elche CF|Elche]]).<ref>[http://www.elmundo.es/comunidad-valenciana/2015/01/05/54aac38522601db4148b457a.html Fallece Antonio Fuertes, ex futbolista de Valencia y Elche] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Vadim Glovatsky]], 45, juru main hoki ès Kazakhstan ([[Metallurg Magnitogorsk]]).<ref>[http://www.ntv.ru/sport/1283778/ Скоропостижно скончался бывший защитник хоккейной сборной России] {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Joe Haines (pulitikus)|Joe Haines]], 91, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Ohio]] (1981–1999).<ref>[http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/news/local-govt-politics/former-state-lawmaker-greene-county-commissioner-d/njh6z/ Former state lawmaker, Greene County commissioner dies]</ref> *[[Ken Hale (juru main bal-balan)|Ken Hale]], 75, juru main bal-balan Inggris lan manajer.<ref>[http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=13622 Ken Hale RIP (18/09/1939–05/01/2015)]</ref> *[[Niels Hansen (diplomat)|Niels Hansen]], 90, diplomat Jerman.<ref>[http://www.israelnetz.com/nachrichten/detailansicht/aktuell/frueherer-botschafter-niels-hansen-gestorben-90628/ Früherer Botschafter Niels Hansen gestorben] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20150110172108/http://www.israelnetz.com/nachrichten/detailansicht/aktuell/frueherer-botschafter-niels-hansen-gestorben-90628/ |date=2015-01-10 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Milton Hebald]], 97, panatah AS.<ref>[http://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-82477077/ Milton Hebald, creator of prominent public sculptures, dies at 97]</ref> *[[Dan Held]], 53, juru main hoki ès Kanadha.<ref>[http://sc-bietigheim.de/de/news/nachrichten/getarticle/detail/nachruf-an-einen-lieben-trainer-und-freund/ Nachruf an einen lieben Trainer und Freund] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116105942/http://sc-bietigheim.de/de/news/nachrichten/getarticle/detail/nachruf-an-einen-lieben-trainer-und-freund/ |date=2015-01-16 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Martin Joseph (pulitikus)|Martin Joseph]], 65, pulitikus Trinidad, Mantri Katentreman Nasional (2003–2010), tiwas klelep.<ref>[http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2015/01/05/trinidadian-former-cabinet-minister-dies-in-swimming-accident/ Trinidadian former Cabinet minister dies in swimming accident]</ref> *[[Mustafa Kamal (kakim)|Mustafa Kamal]], 79, kakim Bangladèsh, Pasirah Mahkamah Agung (1999), lelara jantung.<ref>[http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/01/05/former-chief-justice-mustafa-kamal-passes-away Former Chief Justice Mustafa Kamal passes away]</ref> *[[Earl MacNaughton]], 95, fisikawan Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.guelphmercury.com/news-story/5247123-guelph-academic-recalled-as-key-u-of-g-builder-and-supportive-dad-of-ontario-s-education-minister/ Guelph academic recalled as key U of G builder and supportive dad of Ontario’s education minister]</ref> *[[Alfons Peeters]], 71, juru main bal-balan Bèlgia.<ref>[http://www.inmemoriam.be/nl/2015-01-05/alfons-peeters/# De heer Alfons Peeters] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[King Sporty]], 71, Jamaican-American reggae musician.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/KING-SPORTY-IS-DEAD_18183587 |title=King Sporty Is Dead |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107132034/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/KING-SPORTY-IS-DEAD_18183587 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Anthony Ledwith]], 81, ahli kimia Britania.<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/notices-2015/ Professor Anthony Ledwith CBE FRS]</ref> *[[Bernard Joseph McLaughlin]], 102, rohaniawan Katulik saka AS, Biskop Bantuan [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] (1968–1988).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wivb.com/2015/01/05/buffalo-bishop-mclaughlin-dies-at-102/ |title=Buffalo’s oldest living Bishop dies at 102 |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106081514/http://wivb.com/2015/01/05/buffalo-bishop-mclaughlin-dies-at-102/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harold Murphy (pulitikus)|Harold Murphy]], 74, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Illinois]], (1993&ndash;2003).<ref>[http://legacy.suntimes.com/obituaries/chicagosuntimes/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=173768763 Harold Murphy Obituary]</ref> *[[Ganesh Patro]], 69, panulis India, kanker.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/451680/telugu-writer-ganesh-patro-dead.html Telugu writer Ganesh Patro dead]</ref> *[[Joan Peters]], 78, panulis AS (''[[From Time Immemorial]]''), komplikasi setruk.<ref>[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ct-joan-caro-obituary-met-20150107-story.html Joan Caro, author of controversial book on Israèl, dies at 78]</ref> *[[Geoff Truett]], 79, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]).<ref>[http://www.croydonadvertiser.co.uk/Tributes-paid-Crystal-Palace-winger/story-25853135-detail/story.html⋅Tributes paid to former Crystal Palace winger]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === 6 === *[[Anton Amann]], 58, ahli kimia Ostenrik.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://traueranzeigen.tt.com/traueranzeige/2101895-univ-prof-dr-anton-amann.html |title=Univ.-Prof. Dr. Anton Amann |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226075059/http://traueranzeigen.tt.com/traueranzeige/2101895-univ-prof-dr-anton-amann.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Else M. Barth]], 86, filsuf Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Else-Margarete-Barth-7865796.html Nekrolog Else Margarete Barth] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Vlastimil Bubník]], 83, juru main hoki ès lan bal-balan Céko, pamenang medali prunggu Olimpiade (1964).<ref>[http://hokej.idnes.cz/vlastimil-bubnik-umrti-hokej-djg-/reprezentace.aspx?c=A150106_095854_reprezentace_mne Zemřel slavný hokejista Vlastimil Bubník. S Brnem získal 11 titulů] {{cs icon}}</ref> *[[Buffalo Tiger]], 94, pulitikus AS, pasirah Suku Indian Miccosukee ing Florida (1962–1985).<ref>[http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/state-regional/former-miccosukee-chief-who-met-with-castro-dies/njhnR/ Former Miccosukee chief who met with Castro dies]</ref> *[[Joseph Djida]], 69, rohaniawan Katulik Roma ing Kamerun, Biskop [[Ngaoundéré]] (wiwit 2000).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdjida.html Bishop Joseph Djida]</ref> *[[Johannes de Villiers Graaff]], 86, ahli ékonomi Afrika Kidul.<ref>[https://www.wegotads.co.za/Deaths/listings/12/JOHANNES+DE+VILLIERS+GRAAFF+Feb+19+1928+Jan+6+2015/details/1265370.htm Johannes de Villiers Graaff]</ref> *[[Lawrence Gushee]], 83, ahli musik AS.<ref>[http://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/2015-01-08/lawrence-gushee.html Lawrence Gushee]</ref> *[[Francesca Hilton]], 67, aktris AS lan tokoh sosial, setruk.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-francesca-gabor-hilton-dead-20150106-story.html Francesca Hilton, daughter of Zsa Zsa Gabor and Conrad Hilton, dies at 67]</ref> *[[Ron Hovey]], 82, juru main bal-balan gagrag Australia ([[Geelong Football Club|Geelong]]).<ref>[http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/geelong-mourns-death-of-ron-hovey-former-dual-premiership-player-and-president/story-fni5f6yf-1227176811917?nk=221b413b7c471960f2f21c1d38f70bc5 Geelong mourns death of Ron Hovey, former dual premiership player and president]</ref> *[[Arthur Jackson (ulah ragawan témbak)|Arthur Jackson]], 96, ulah ragawan témbak AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/concordmonitor/obituary.aspx?pid=173762815 Arthur C. Jackson (1918 - 2015)]</ref> *[[Basil John Mason|Sir Basil John Mason]], 91, juru pangramal hawa Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rmets.org/death-sir-john-mason |title=Death of Sir John Mason |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112072303/http://www.rmets.org/death-sir-john-mason |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[George H. McKee]], 91, Lètnan Jèndral Angkatan Udara AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=George-McKee&lc=1144&pid=173777381&mid=6270268 |title=In Memory of George H. McKee April 28, 1923 - January 6, 2015 |access-date=November 5, 2015 |archive-date=February 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202225938/http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=George-McKee&lc=1144&pid=173777381&mid=6270268 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Lance Percival]], 81, aktor Britania (''[[That Was the Week That Was]]'', ''[[The Beatles (TV series)|The Beatles]]'') lan panyanyi ("[[Shame & Scandal|Shame and Scandal in the Family]]").<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/185934/percival |title=Percival |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109224318/http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/185934/percival |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gilberto Perez]], profèsor ngèlmu filem AS kalairan Kuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sarahlawrence.edu/gilberto-perez/ |title=Gilberto Perez |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095115/https://www.sarahlawrence.edu/gilberto-perez/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Sanford E. Reisenbach]], 82, èksèkutif marketing ([[Warner Bros.]]).<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sandy-reisenbach-dead-warner-bros-761604 Sandy Reisenbach, Former Warner Bros. Marketing and Advertising Exec, Dies at 82]</ref> *[[Patricia Roppel]], 76, sajarawan AS lan guru, spésialisasi ing sajarah [[Southeast Alaska]], kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ktoo.org/2015/01/09/alaska-historian-dies-cancer/ |title=Alaska historian dies of cancer |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206211250/http://www.ktoo.org/2015/01/09/alaska-historian-dies-cancer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Thunder Rumble]], 26, jaran misuwur AS, komplikasi kolik.<ref>[http://www.saratogian.com/sports/20150107/new-york-bred-1992-travers-winner-thunder-rumble-dies New York-bred 1992 Travers winner Thunder Rumble dies]</ref> *[[Alexandru Segal]], 67, ahli ékonomi Brazilia kalairan Rumania lan juru main catur.<ref>[http://www.saturnov.com/artigos/354-falecimento-do-mestre-alexandru-segal Falecimento do mestre Alexandru Segal] {{pt icon}}</ref> === 7 === *[[Subhas Anandan]], 67, pangacara Singapura kalairan India, gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/update-veteran-criminal-lawyer-subhas-anandan-dies Veteran criminal lawyer Subhas Anandan dies]</ref> *[[José Arias]], 92, juru main ski alpin Spanyol sajeroning Olimpiade (Olimpiade Mangsa Atis 1948).<ref>[http://www.marca.com/2015/01/08/mas_deportes/nieve/1420748483.html Fallece Pepe Arias, decano de los olímpicos españoles] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Ricardo Bueno Fernández]], 74, pulitikus Spanyol, anggota Sénat Spanyol (1977–1979, 1993–2000) lan Konggrès Para Wakil (2000–2004).<ref>[http://www.eldiariomontanes.es/torrelavega-besaya/201501/07/fallece-ricardo-bueno-historico-20150107151847.html Fallece Ricardo Bueno, histórico político de Torrelavega] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Gilbert Finn]], 94, pangusaha Kanadha, Lètnan Gubernur [[New Brunswick]] (1987–1994).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://metronews.ca/news/canada/1255467/former-new-brunswick-lieutenant-governor-dies/ |title=Former New Brunswick lieutenant-governor dies |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108175220/http://metronews.ca/news/canada/1255467/former-new-brunswick-lieutenant-governor-dies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Michael Fisher (lawyer)|Michael Fisher]], 68, pangacara Britania Raya, kanker.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/law/2015/jan/28/michael-fisher Michael Fisher obituary]</ref> *[[Tadeusz Konwicki]], 88, panulis lan prodhuser filem Polen.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jan/21/tadeusz-konwicki Tadeusz Konwicki obituary]</ref> *[[Mompati Merafhe]], 78, Jèndral lan pulitikus Botswana, Wakil Présidèn (2008–2012).<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501070733.html Botswana: General Merafhe Passes On]</ref> *[[Arch A. Moore, Jr.]], 91, pulitikus AS, Gubernur [[Virginia Kulon]] (1969–1977, 1985–1989).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wowktv.com/story/27787290/former-wv-gov-arch-moore-dies-at-age-91 |title=Former WV Gov. Arch Moore dies at age 91 |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111033033/http://www.wowktv.com/story/27787290/former-wv-gov-arch-moore-dies-at-age-91 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[J. P. Parisé]], 73, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[Minnesota North Stars]]), kanker paru-paru.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/sports/wild/287918141.html |title=Former North Star J.P. Parise dies at 73 |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117120805/http://www.startribune.com/sports/wild/287918141.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jethro Pugh]], 70, juru main bal-balan gagrag Amérikah Sarékat ([[Dallas Cowboys]]).<ref>[http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/01/former-dallas-cowboys-defensive-lineman-jethro-pugh-passes-away.html/ Former Dallas Cowboys defensive lineman, ‘Ice Bowl’ participant Jethro Pugh dies]</ref> *[[Archie Radebe]], 55, juru main bal-balan Afrika Kidul ([[AmaZulu F.C.|AmaZulu]]) lan palatih.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/51708/former-amazulu-striker-archie-juluka-radebe-has-died |title=Juluka passes on |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115230456/http://www.kickoff.com/news/51708/former-amazulu-striker-archie-juluka-radebe-has-died |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[B. S. Abdur Rahman]], 87, pangusaha India lan tokoh filantropi ([[Universitas B. S. Abdur Rahman]]).<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/bs-abdur-rahman-passes-away/article6765817.ece?homepage=true B.S. Abdur Rahman passes away]</ref> *[[Tim Roberts]], 38, juru main gulan profèsional AS ([[World Wrestling Council|WWC]], [[New Wrestling Stars|NWS]], [[ECW (WWE)|ECW]]).<ref>[http://www.wrestlinginc.com/wi/news/2015/0107/588303/the-zombie-from-wwe-ecw-on-sci-fi-passes-away/ The Zombie From WWE's ECW Passes Away]</ref> *[[David Rolfe (juru nglangi)|David Rolfe]], 50, juru nglangi Paralimpik Australia, komplikasi operasi jantung.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parasport-news.com/australian-paralympic-swimmer-david-rolfe-dies/5013/ |title=Australian Paralympic swimmer David Rolfe dies |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118035028/http://www.parasport-news.com/australian-paralympic-swimmer-david-rolfe-dies/5013/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Julio Scherer García]], 88, wartawan Mèksiko, syok sèptik.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/julio-scherer-garcia-journalist-and-irritant-of-politicians-dies-at-88/2015/01/07/a50ebb82-96a0-11e4-8005-1924ede3e54a_story.html Julio Scherer García, journalist and irritant to politicians, dies at 88]</ref> *[[Herb Simpson (juru main bisbol)|Herb Simpson]], 94, juru main bisbol AS ([[Seattle Steelheads]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.mlb.com/news/article/106037126/negro-leaguer-herb-simpson-passes-away |title=Negro Leaguer Herb Simpson passes away |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110043810/http://m.mlb.com/news/article/106037126/negro-leaguer-herb-simpson-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Rod Taylor]], 84, aktor Australia (''[[The Time Machine (filem 1960)|The Time Machine]]'', ''[[The Birds (filem)|The Birds]]''), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/aap/article-2902863/Australian-actor-Rod-Taylor-dies.html Australian actor Rod Taylor dies]</ref> *[[Nancy Thomas]], 96, prodhuser télévisi Britania (''[[Monitor (sérial TV Britania Raya)|Monitor]]'').<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/médhia/2015/jan/15/nancy-thomas Nancy Thomas obituary]</ref> *Wong-wong Prancis wigati sing tiwas nalika prastawa [[Panémbakan Charlie Hebdo]]:<ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2015/01/07/97001-20150107FILWWW00188--charlie-hebdo-les-dessinateurs-cabu-charb-tignous-et-wolinski-sont-morts.php Charlie Hebdo : les dessinateurs Cabu, Charb, Tignous et Wolinski sont morts] {{fr icon}}</ref> **[[Cabu]], 76, kartunis **[[Elsa Cayat]], 54, ahli psikoanalisis lan kolumnis **[[Charb]], 47, karikaturis lan wartawan **[[Philippe Honoré (kartunis)|Philippe Honoré]], 73, kartunis **[[Bernard Maris]], 68, ahli ékonomi lan wartawan **[[Mustapha Ourrad]], 60, juru panata lan panyunting kalairan Aljazair **[[Tignous]], 57, kartunis **[[Georges Wolinski]], 80, kartunis === 8 === *[[William E. Boeing, Jr.]], 92, pangusaha Amérika, produsèn montor mabur.<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/2015/01/william-boeing-jr-son-of-boeing-co-founder-dies-at.html William Boeing Jr., son of Boeing Co. founder, dies at age 92]</ref> *[[Andraé Crouch]], 72, panyanyi gospel AS.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-andrae-crouch-dies-20150108-story.html Grammy-winning gospel artist Andrae Crouch dies at 72]</ref> *[[Kep Enderby]], 88, pulitikus Australia lan kakim, anggota [[Parlemèn Australia]] (1970–1975), [[Mahkamah Agung]] [[New South Wales]] (1982–1992).<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-09/former-act-politician-kep-enderby-dies-aged-88/6007848 Former Whitlam minister Kep Enderby dies aged 88]</ref> *[[Patsy Garrett]], 93, aktris lan panyanyi AS (''[[Benji (filem 1974)|Benji]]'', ''[[Nanny and the Professor]]'', ''[[Room 222]]'').<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/tv/people-news/actress-patsy-garrett-dies-at-93-1201407386/ Actress Patsy Garrett Dies at 93]</ref> *[[Jean-Claude Gasigwa]], 31, juru main tènis Rwanda.<ref>[http://www.nation.co.ke/sports/tennis/Jean-Claude-Gasigwa-Death-Cercle-Sportif-Rwanda/-/442212/2582850/-/sg9eay/-/index.html Former Kenya Open champ Jean-Claude Gasigwa passes on]</ref> *[[Peter Hill (juru main bal-balan)|Peter Hill]], 83, juru main bal-bala Inggris ([[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]]).<ref>[http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/sport/sport-opinion/remembering-three-men-heart-1960s-8415389 Remembering three men at the heart of the 1960s' Sky Blues revolution]</ref> *[[Jenő Lasztovicza]], 53, pulitikus Honggari, anggota parlemèn Honggari (wiwit 1998).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hungarytoday.hu/cikk/rip-fidesz-mp-jeno-lasztovicza-dies-aged-53-99188 |title=RIP – Fidesz MP Jenő Lasztovicza dies aged 53 |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108232455/http://hungarytoday.hu/cikk/rip-fidesz-mp-jeno-lasztovicza-dies-aged-53-99188 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Curtis Lee]], 75, panyanyi AS ("[[Pretty Little Angel Eyes]]"), kanker.<ref>[http://www.yumasun.com/news/homebuilder-singer-curtis-lee-dies-at/article_b4d68540-9880-11e4-bfb6-7b8d034c7bde.html Homebuilder, singer Curtis Lee dies at 75]</ref> *[[Hubert Markl]], 76, ahli biologi Jerman.<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/notices-2015/ Professor Hubert Simon Markl ForMemRS]</ref> *[[Ray McFall]], 88, sing nduwé klub wengi ([[The Cavern Club]]).<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-30725308 Cavern Club owner Ray McFall dies]</ref> *[[Roy McKie]], 93, panulis Amérikah Sarékat.<ref>[http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-authors/article/65852-obituary-roy-mckie.html Obituary Roy McKie]</ref> *[[Richard Meade]], 76, panunggang jaran Britania, juwara Olimpiade kaping telu, kanker.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/wales/25666058 Obituary: Triple Olympic gold-medallist Richard Meade]</ref> *[[Leif Rantala]], 67, ahli basa Finlan.<ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/kuolan_niemimaan_tutkija_leif_rantala_on_kuollut/7727329 Kuolan niemimaan tutkija Leif Rantala on kuollut] {{fi icon}}</ref> *[[Erbey Satterfield]], 75, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Utah]].<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/saltlaketribune/obituary.aspx?pid=173802990 Erbey Leland Satterfield]</ref> *[[Egil Toreng]], 92, panyunting koran lan pulitikus Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.glomdalen.no/Egil_Toreng_er_d_d-5-19-9484.html Egil Toreng er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Nelson Townsend]], 73, palatih atlètik AS ([[Florida A&M Rattlers and Lady Rattlers|Florida A&M]]).<ref>[http://www.tallahassee.com/story/sports/2015/01/14/famus-nelson-townsends-funeral-draws-hundreds/21766039/ FAMU's Nelson Townsend's funeral draws hundreds]</ref> === 9 === *[[Angelo Anquilletti]], 71, juru main bal-balan Italia ([[A.C. Milan]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Italia|tim nasional]]).<ref>[http://www.acmilan.com/it/news/breaking_news_show/71267 La Scomparsa, Anegelo Anquilletti: Il cordoglio del Milan] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Jasodhara Bagchi]], 77, kritikus féminis India lan tokoh akadémi.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Jashodhara-Bagchi-passes-away/articleshow/45828419.cms Jashodhara Bagchi passes away]</ref> *[[Amedy Coulibaly]], 32, jihadi Prancis, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/09/amedy-coulibaly-paris-kosher-market_n_6444418.html Amedy Coulibaly, Paris Kosher Market Terrorist, Had History Of Ties To Violence]</ref> *[[Harry A. DeMaso]], 93, pulitikus AS, anggota sénat [[Michigan]] (1967–1986).<ref>[http://www.battlecreekenquirer.com/story/news/local/2015/01/12/harry-demaso-remembered-battle-creek-guy/21660523/ Harry DeMaso remembered as a 'Battle Creek guy']</ref> *[[Samuel Goldwyn, Jr.]], 88, prodhuser filem AS (''[[The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (filem 2013)|The Secret Life of Walter Mitty]]'', ''[[Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]''), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/film/news/samuel-goldwyn-jr-dies-at-88-1201399483/ Samuel Goldwyn Jr. Dies at 88]</ref> *[[Ah Chew Goo]], 96, juru main lan palatih baskèt AS ([[Hawaii Rainbow Warriors basketball|University of Hawaii]]).<ref>[http://obits.staradvertiser.com/2015/02/05/ah-chew-goo/ Ah Chew Goo]</ref> *[[Michel Jeury]], 80, panulis fiksi ngèlmiah Prancis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://scifiportal.eu/michel-jeury-a-great-european-sf-writer-1931-2015/ |title=Michel Jeury, A Great European SF writer : 1931-2015 |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206213042/http://scifiportal.eu/michel-jeury-a-great-european-sf-writer-1931-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Robert V. Keeley]], 85, diplomat AS, Duta Agung AS kanggo [[Mauritius]] (1976–1978), [[Zimbabwé]] (1980–1984) lan [[Yunani]] (1985–1989), setruk.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/robert-v-keeley-outspoken-ambassador-dies-at-85/2015/01/10/f1da359e-984f-11e4-8005-1924ede3e54a_story.html Robert V. Keeley, outspoken ambassador, dies at 85]</ref> *[[Sarah Kemp]], 69, aktris Australia (''[[Sons and Daughters (sérial TV Australia)|Sons and Daughters]]''), kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2015/01/vale-sarah-kemp.html Vale: Sarah Kemp]</ref> *[[Chuck Locke]], 82, juru main bisbol AS ([[Baltimore Orioles]]).<ref>[http://www.mathisfuneralhomes.com/memsol.cgi?user_id=1496604 In Memory of Charles E. Locke]</ref> *[[Frans Molenaar]], 74, désainer klambi Walanda, komplikasi olèhé tiba.<ref>[http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2015/01/dutch-couturier-frans-molenaar-has-died-at-the-age-of-74.php/ Dutch couturier Frans Molenaar dies at the age of 74]</ref> *[[Józef Oleksy]], 68, pulitikus Polen, Nayakotama (1995–1996), kanker.<ref>[http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/jozef-oleksy-nie-zyje/v60pb Józef Oleksy nie żyje] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112215830/http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/jozef-oleksy-nie-zyje/v60pb |date=2015-01-12 }} {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[Bud Paxson]], 79, èksekutif AS, salah sawijining pangadeg [[Home Shopping Network]], pangadeg [[Pax TV]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/16/business/lowell-w-paxson-dies-at-79-started-home-shopping-network.html?_r=1 Lowell W. Paxson Dies at 79; Started Home Shopping Network]</ref> *[[Peder Pedersen (pambalap pit)|Peder Pedersen]], 69, pambalap pit Dènmark.<ref>[http://feltet.dk/nyheder/peder_pedersen_er_doed/ Peder Pedersen er død] {{dk icon}}</ref> *[[Abdul Rahman Ya'kub]], 87, pulitikus Malaysia, Mantri Utama Sarawak (1970–1981).<ref>[http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/01/09/tun-abdul-rahman-yakub-passes-away-at-87/ Tun Abdul Rahman Yakub passes away at 87]</ref> *[[Whitney Reed]], 82, juru main tènis AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.norcal.usta.com/news/northern-california-tennis-great-whitney-reed-passes-away-at-82/ |title=Northern California Tennis Great Whitney Reed Passes Away at 82 |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419140026/http://www.norcal.usta.com/news/northern-california-tennis-great-whitney-reed-passes-away-at-82/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[James L. Reveal]], 73, ahli botani AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/theithacajournal/obituary.aspx?n=james-l-reveal&pid=173824748&fhid=31206 James L. Reveal]</ref> *[[Robert Scott (author)|Robert Scott]], 73, panulis AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/redding/obituary.aspx?n=Robert-Scott&pid=173827378 Robert Scott Obituary]</ref> *[[Bud Sherman]], 88, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota ''[[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]'' (1969–1984), [[House of Commons of Canada]]'' (DPR Kanadha, 1965–1968).<ref>[http://passages.winnipegfreepress.com/passage-details/id-220874/name-Louis_Sherman/min-run-date-1421042400/order-publish_date Louis Sherman]</ref> *[[Paul M. Starnes]], 80, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Tennessee]] (1972–1990).<ref>[http://www.wrcbtv.com/story/27815690/former-longtime-state-representative-paul-starnes-passes-away Former longtime state representative Paul Starnes passes away]</ref> *[[Roy Tarpley]], 50, juru main baskèt AS ([[Dallas Mavericks]]).<ref>[http://probasketballtalk.nbcsports.com/2015/01/09/former-dallas-maverick-roy-tarpley-dies-at-age-50/ Former Dallas Maverick Roy Tarpley dies at age 50]</ref> *[[Christian Vanneque]], 65, ahli anggur lan pangurus rèstoran Prancis misuwur.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sip-bali.com/whos-the-boss/ |title=Christian Vanneque (1949 – 2015) |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129183840/http://sip-bali.com/whos-the-boss/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 10 === *[[John Angus (pangudi hak bocah)|John Angus]], 66, Sélandia Anyar, pangudi hak bocak, ''Children's Commissioner'' (2009–2011).<ref>[http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/263617/tribute-paid-to-ex-children's-commissioner Tribute paid to ex-Children's Commissioner]</ref> *[[Jorgelina Aranda]], 72, modèl lan aktris Argèntina (''[[Il Gaucho]]'').<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0032986/ Jorgelina Aranda (I) (1942–2015)]</ref> *[[Robert Berner]], 79, ahli géologi lan géokimia AS.<ref>[http://news.yale.edu/2015/01/13/memoriam-robert-berner-giant-geology In memoriam: Robert Berner, a ‘giant of geology’]</ref> *[[Walter Berns]], 95, profèsor kukum konstitusi lan filsafat pulitik AS.<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/396146/walter-berns-1919-2015-yuval-levin Walter Berns, 1919-2015]</ref> *[[Frans Bolweg]], 64, matrus lan palatih Walanda.<ref>[http://www.watersportverbond.nl/nieuws/2015/in-herinnering-frans-bolweg/ In herinnering Frans Bolweg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112002529/http://www.watersportverbond.nl/nieuws/2015/in-herinnering-frans-bolweg/ |date=2015-01-12 }} {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Catherine Cando]], 19, kontèstan putri ayu Ékuador, cerebral edema.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2911424/Stunning-beauty-queen-driven-death-liposuction-evil-bullying-doctors-family-Ecuador-claims.html Death by liposuction: Hunt for doctor who 'killed stunning beauty queen by pestering her to go under the knife' in Ecuador even though she was NOT fat]</ref> *[[Brian Clemens]], 83, panulis skénario Britania (''[[Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde]]'') lan prodhuser télévisi (''[[The Avengers (sérial TV)|The Avengers]]'', ''[[The Professionals (sérial TV)|The Professionals]]'').<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-30775352 Avengers and Professionals writer Brian Clemens dies]</ref> *[[Abed Daoudieh]], pulitikus Yordania, Mantri Urusan Agama lan Awqaf (1984).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jordantimes.com/former-awqaf-minister-passes-away |title=Former awqaf minister passes away |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113074048/http://jordantimes.com/former-awqaf-minister-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[George Dickerson]], 81, aktor AS (''[[Blue Velvet (filem)|Blue Velvet]]'', ''[[Hill Street Blues]]'').<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/george-dickerson-dead-blue-velvet-764565 George Dickerson, Actor in David Lynch's 'Blue Velvet' Dies at 81]</ref> *[[James R. Dixon]], 86, ahli hèrpètologi AS<ref>[http://wfsc.tamu.edu/2015/01/16/memorial-service-for-dr-james-dixon/ Obituary James Dixon]</ref> *[[Tim Drummond]], 74, juru main bas AS ([[Bob Dylan]], [[Neil Young]]).<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6436533/tim-drummond-bassist-neil-young-csny-bob-dylan-dies-74 Tim Drummond, Bassist for Neil Young, CSNY, Dylan, Dies at 74]</ref> *[[Pierre-André Fournier]], 71, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Kanadha, Biskop Agung [[Rimouski]] (wiwit taun 2008).<ref>[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bfourp.html Archbishop Pierre-André Fournier]</ref> *[[Elemér Hankiss]], 86, ahli sosiologi Honggari.<ref>[http://hvg.hu/itthon/20150110_Elhunyt_Hankiss_Elemer/ Meghalt Hankiss Elemér] {{hu icon}}</ref> *[[Maeve Hillery]], 91, fisikawan Irlandia.<ref>[http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/dr-maeve-hillery-wife-of-former-president-patrick-hillery-dies-aged-91-30900112.html Dr Maeve Hillery, the widow of former President Patrick Hillery, has died]</ref> *[[Jim Hogan (athlete)|Jim Hogan]], 81, pambalap jarak dawa Olimpiade Irlandia, jawara Éropa (1966).<ref>[http://www.irishtimes.com/sport/other-sports/former-olympian-jim-hogan-passes-away-1.2061945 Former Olympian Jim Hogan passes away]</ref> *[[Harry V. Jaffa]], 96, profèsor filsafat pulitik AS.<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/396163/harry-jaffa-rip-yuval-levin Harry Jaffa, R.I.P.]</ref> *[[Annis Jensen]], 93, ahli sepatu rodha AS.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Roller-Derby-legend-Annis-Jensen-dies-at-93-6007358.php Roller Derby legend Annis Jensen dies at 93]</ref> *[[Frederik H. Kreuger]], 86, ngèlmuwan voltase dhuwur Walanda.<ref>[https://intranet.tudelft.nl/nl/ewi/nieuws/artikel/detail/profdrir-fh-fred-kreuger-overleden/ Prof.dr.ir. F.H. (Fred) Kreuger overleden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721162620/https://intranet.tudelft.nl/nl/ewi/nieuws/artikel/detail/profdrir-fh-fred-kreuger-overleden/ |date=2015-07-21 }} {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Junior Malanda]], 20, juru main bal-balan Bèlgiar ([[VfL Wolfsburg]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Bèlgia ngisor 21 taun|tim nasional ngisor 21 taun]]), tabrakan lalul lintas.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/10/wolfsburg-junior-malanda-killed-car-accident Wolfsburg player Junior Malanda dies aged 20 after car accident in Germany]</ref> *[[Marko Marin (profèsor)|Marko Marin]], 84, dirèktur téater lan ahli kagunan Slowén.<ref>[https://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/drugo/umrl-je-profesor-na-agrft-ju-marko-marin/355557 Umrl je profesor na AGRFT-ju Marko Marin] {{sl icon}}</ref> *[[Slobodan Martinović]], 70, juru main catur Serbia.<ref>[http://www.chessdom.com/in-memoriam-gm-slobodan-martinovic/ In Memoriam GM Slobodan Martinović]</ref> *[[Roger Moyer]], 80, pulitikus AS, Wali Kutha [[Annapolis, Maryland]] (1965–1973), lelara Parkinson.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.capitalgazette.com/news/ph-ac-cn-moyer-dies-0111-20150111,0,4367831,full.story |title=Roger 'Pip' Moyer dies: Former Annapolis mayor leaves rich legacy |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090946/http://www.capitalgazette.com/news/ph-ac-cn-moyer-dies-0111-20150111%2C0%2C4367831%2Cfull.story |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Yoko Nagae Ceschina]], 82, tokoh filantropi musik klasik Jepang.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/valery-gergiev-loses-a-major-patron/ Valery Gergiev loses a major patron]</ref> *[[Taylor Negron]], 57, aktor lan juru lawak AS (''[[Angels in the Outfield (filem taun 1994)|Angels in the Outfield]]'', ''[[Fast Times at Ridgemont High]]'', ''[[Bio-Dome]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/01/taylor-negron-dead-57-after-long-battle-with-cancer-1201346798/ Taylor Negron, Comedian & Actor, Dead At 57 After Long Battle With Cancer]</ref> *[[Margit Nünke]], 84, paragawati Jerman, aktris lan ratu ayu.<ref>[http://www.filmdienst.de/filmdienst-inhaltsangabe/einzelansicht/margit-nuenke15-11-1930%E2%80%89%E2%80%93%E2%80%8910-1-2015-,211873.html Margit Nünke (15.11.1930 – 10.1.2015)]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[George Probert]], 87, panyunting musik lan ahli musik jazz AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?n=george-arthur-probert&pid=173870789#_ga=1.147511359.945379209.1370722832 George Arthur Probert Jr. Obituary]</ref> *[[Francesco Rosi]], 92, sutradara filem Italia (''[[The Mattei Affair]]'', ''[[Christ Stopped at Eboli (filem)|Christ Stopped at Eboli]]'', ''[[Salvatore Giuliano (filem)|Salvatore Giuliano]]'').<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jan/11/francesco-rosi Francesco Rosi obituary]</ref> *[[Francis Simard]], 67, durjana lan tokoh révolusionèr lan aktivis Kanadha, aneurisme.<ref>[http://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/former-flq-member-francis-simard-dies-at-67-according-to-a-report Former FLQ member Francis Simard dies at 67, according to a report]</ref> *[[Hans Stoiber]], 96, pujangga Ostenrik.<ref>[http://cdn.salzburg.com/nachrichten/fileadmin/php/snRubriken/snTrauer/images/hans_helmut_stoiber_968159-1.jpg Dr. Hans Helmut Stoiber] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202002042/http://cdn.salzburg.com/nachrichten/fileadmin/php/snRubriken/snTrauer/images/hans_helmut_stoiber_968159-1.jpg |date=2015-02-02 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Robert Stone (panulis)|Robert Stone]], 77, panulis AS (''[[Dog Soldiers (novèl)|Dog Soldiers]]''), lelara paru-paru buntet kronis.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/entertainment/national/novelist-robert-stone-known-for-dog-soldiers-dies-at-77f6526d06638a47d79bd9c4be41679e5a-288161401.html Novelist Robert Stone, known for 'Dog Soldiers' dies at 77]</ref> *[[Denis Tsygurov]], 43, juru main hoki ès profèsional Ruslan ([[Buffalo Sabres]], [[Los Angeles Kings]]).<ref>[http://itar-tass.com/sport/1689770 Хоккеист Денис Цыгуров, сын известного тренера Геннадия Цыгурова, умер в возрасте 43 лет] {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Roger Wosahlo]], 67, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough]]), kanker.<ref>[http://www.twtd.co.uk/ipswich-town-news/26567/former-blue-wosahlo-dies Former Blue Wosahlo Dies]</ref> === 11 === *[[Jenő Buzánszky]], 89, juru main bal-balan Honggari ([[Dorogi FC]], [[tim nasional bal-balan Honggari]]), jawara Olimpiade (1952), anggota pungkasan Tim Emas sing isih ngurip nganti tilar donya ing taun 2015 iki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/jeno-buzanszky-last-mighty-magyars-dies-89-205840093.html#Ig2id8X |title=Jeno Buzanszky, last of the Mighty Magyars, dies at 89 |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112013320/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/jeno-buzanszky-last-mighty-magyars-dies-89-205840093.html#Ig2id8X |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Doriemus]], 24, jaran misuwur Sélandia Anyar, pamenang [[Melbourne Cup]] (1995), dieutanasi sawisé kacilakan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.racingnetwork.com.au/champion-stayer-doriemus-dies/tabid/83/newsid/23529/default.aspx |title=Champion stayer Doriemus dies |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114005958/https://www.racingnetwork.com.au/champion-stayer-doriemus-dies/tabid/83/newsid/23529/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Anita Ekberg]], 83, aktris Swèdhen-Italia (''[[La Dolce Vita]]'', ''[[Paris Holiday]]'', ''[[Back from Eternity]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/01/11/italy-ekberg-obituary-idINKBN0KK0D920150111 |title=Legendary "La Dolce Vita" actress Anita Ekberg dies at 83 |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111223722/http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/01/11/italy-ekberg-obituary-idINKBN0KK0D920150111 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Chashi Nazrul Islam]], 73, prodhuser filem Bangladèsh (''[[Ora Egaro Jon]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/57821/Chashi-Nazrul-Islam-passes-away |title=Chashi Nazrul Islam no more |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111123059/http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/57821/Chashi-Nazrul-Islam-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Chic Littlewood]], 84, pambiwara Sélandia Anyar kalairan Britania Raya lan aktor (''[[King Kong (2005 filem)|King Kong]]'', ''[[30 Days of Night (filem)|30 Days of Night]]'').<ref>[http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/legendary-kiwi-entertainer-chic-littlewood-dies-6216985 Legendary Kiwi entertainer Chic Littlewood dies]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Albert McPherson]], 87, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Walsall F.C.|Walsall]]) lan palatih ([[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]).<ref>[https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/football-ex-baggies-coach-mcpherson-dies-155717024--sow.html Football - Ex-Baggies coach McPherson dies]</ref> *[[Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle]], 96, profèsor èmèritus AS ([[Johns Hopkins School of Medicine]]) lan ahli neurologi.<ref>[http://hub.jhu.edu/2015/01/13/vernon-mountcastle-obit Vernon Mountcastle, 'father of neuroscience' and longtime member of Johns Hopkins faculty, dies at 96]</ref> *[[Fritz Pott]], 75, juru main bal-balan Jerman lan palatih.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://world.news-round.com/died-at-the-age-of-75-years-fc-mourns-his-master-hero-fritz-pott/ |title=Died at the age of 75 years – FC mourns his master hero Fritz Pott |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-03-13 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150313092448/http://world.news-round.com/died-at-the-age-of-75-years-fc-mourns-his-master-hero-fritz-pott/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bruno Visintin]], 82, juru tinju Italia, pamenang medhali prunggu Olimpiade (1952).<ref>[http://www.quotidiano.net/boxe-morto-visintin-1.567571 Boxe in lutto, è morto Bruno Visintin. Epici i suoi due incontri con Duilio Loi] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Ryszard Zub]], 80, juru main anggar Polen, medhali pirak Oliampiade (1956, 1960) lan prunggu(1964) medalist.<ref>[http://www.maestridischerma.it/content/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=317%3Ae-mancato-il-maestro-ryszard-zub&catid=51:necrologi&Itemid=99 E' mancato il Maestro Ryszard Zub] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122201753/http://www.maestridischerma.it/content/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=317%3Ae-mancato-il-maestro-ryszard-zub&catid=51:necrologi&Itemid=99 |date=2015-01-22 }} {{it icon}}</ref> === 12 === *[[John Bayley (writer)|John Bayley]], 89, panulis lan kritikus sastra Britania.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11360441/John-Bayley.html John Bayley, scholar - obituary]</ref> *[[Bonnie Christensen]], 63, ilustrator lan panulis buku bocah AS, kanker ovaria garba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://obituaries.wilsontimes.com/bonnie-christensen |title=Obituaries: Bonnie Christensen |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201181320/http://obituaries.wilsontimes.com/bonnie-christensen |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Germán Cobos]], 87, aktor Spanyol.<ref>[http://www.costadigital.es/html/actualidad.php?id=11152 Fallece el actor Germán Cobos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044942/http://costadigital.es/html/actualidad.php?id=11152 |date=2016-03-05 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Trevor Colbourn]], 87, tokoh pawiyatan lan akadèmis Australia, Présidèn [[Universitas Central Florida]] (1978–1989).<ref>[http://knightnews.com/2015/01/former-ucf-president-trevor-colbourn-dies-at-87/ Former UCF President Trevor Colbourn Dies at 87]</ref> *[[James Naanman Daman]], 58, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Nigéria, Biskop [[Jalingo]] (2000–2007) lan [[Shendam]] (since 2007).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdamanjn.html Bishop James Naanman Daman, O.S.A. †]</ref> *[[Stephen Gold]], 58, wartawan komputer saka Britania Raya, komplikasi operasi jantung.<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/01/13/steve_gold_obit/ '80s hacker turned journo, IT crime ace Steve Gold logs off]</ref> *[[Robert Gover]], 85, panulis AS.<ref>[http://capegazette.villagesoup.com/p/j-robert-gover-literary-mentor/1292397 J. Robert Gover, literary mentor]</ref> *[[John Hill (désainer dolanan)|John Hill]], 69, désainer dolanan AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://honor.americanheart.org/site/TR?pg=fund&fr_id=1030&pxfid=273683 |title=American Heart Association honor page for John Hill |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118075559/http://honor.americanheart.org/site/TR?pg=fund&fr_id=1030&pxfid=273683 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Carl Long (bisbol)|Carl Long]], 79, juru main bisbol AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.witn.com/sports/headlines/Former-Negro-League-player-Carl-Long-dies-288338661.html |title=Former Negro League player Carl Long dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113043721/http://www.witn.com/sports/headlines/Former-Negro-League-player-Carl-Long-dies-288338661.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[William C. Martel]], 59, ngèlmuwan pulitik AS, kanker.<ref>[http://www.currentobituary.com/ShowObit.aspx?id=150409&member_id=5 William C. Martel]</ref> *[[A. J. Masters]], 64, panulis lagu lan panyanyi AS, kanker prostat.<ref>[http://www.tennessean.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/01/13/songwriter-aj-masters-co-wrote-change-mind-dies/21713079/ Songwriter A.J. Masters, who co-wrote ‘Change My Mind,’ dies]</ref> *[[Paul Morgan (rugby)|Paul Morgan]], 40, juru main rugby union lan liga rugby Wales.<ref>[http://www.walesrugbyleague.co.uk/article/12741/rip-paul-morgan RIP Paul Morgan]</ref> *[[Elena Obraztsova]], 75, mezzo-soprano Ruslan.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/just-in-towering-russian-singer-has-died/ Just in: Towering Russian singer has died]</ref> *[[Alex Omes]], 43, imprèsario kauripan wengi AS, salah sijining pangadeg [[Ultra Music Festival]].<ref>[http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/obituaries/article6352869.html Ultra co-founder, Miami nightlife fixture Alex Omes dies at 43]</ref> *[[Gabriel Ramushwana]], 73, Jèndral Afrika Kidul, Kepala nagara [[Venda]] (1990–1994), kanker usus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/former-army-general-dies/ |title=Former army general dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150115054127/http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/former-army-general-dies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ed Skinner]], 78, pulitikus AS lan sarjanan kukum, anggota DPRD [[Iowa]] (1969–1973).<ref>[http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/2015/01/13/attorney-democratic-activist-ed-skinner-dies/21676459/ Former Iowa state lawmaker Ed Skinner dies]</ref> *[[Inge Vermeulen]], 30, juru main hoki lapangan Walanda, kalairan Brazilia, nglalu ([[Tim nasional wanita hoki lapangan Walanda]]), jawara Éropa (2009).<ref>[http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/30820/WK-Hockey/article/detail/3828351/2015/01/12/Hockeyster-Inge-Vermeulen-30-overleden.dhtml Hockeyster Inge Vermeulen (30) overleden] {{Flagicon|Walanda}}</ref><ref>[http://www.volkskrant.nl/sport/respect-voor-een-niet-te-bevatten-keuze~a3874959/ Respect voor een niet te bevatten keuze. Zelfmoord van een hockeykeepster] {{Flagicon|Walanda}}</ref> *[[Darrell Winfield]], 85, fotomodèl lan koboi AS, ''[[Marlboro Man]]'' (1968–1989).<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2015/01/14/Darrell-Hugh-Winfield-long-serving-Marlboro-Man-dies-at-85/3591421285839/ Darrell Hugh Winfield, long-serving Marlboro Man, dies at 85]</ref> === 13 === *[[Robert Boon]], 98, aktor AS kalairan Walanda (''[[Queen of Blood]], [[Verboten!]], [[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'').<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?pid=173959033 Robert Boon]</ref> *[[Tony Ciprian]], 82, pambiwara ulah raga ing télévisi lan prodhuser télévisi Sélandia Anyar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/veteran-sports-news-producer-tony-ciprian-dies-aged-82-2015011315 |title=Veteran sports news producer Tony Ciprian dies, aged 82 |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207010311/http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/veteran-sports-news-producer-tony-ciprian-dies-aged-82-2015011315 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Doug Cunningham (bal-balan gagrag Amérikah Sarékat)|Doug Cunningham]], 69, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Ole Miss Rebels football|Ole Miss Rebels]], [[San Francisco 49ers]]).<ref>[http://www.clarionledger.com/story/olemisssports/2015/01/13/ole-miss-doug-cunningham-hall-of-famer-dies/21712441/ Hall of Famer, Ole Miss great Doug Cunningham dies]</ref> *[[Ralph Faudree]], 75, matématikawan AS.<ref>[http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/local-news/former-university-of-memphis-provost-ralph-faudree-dies_62464890 Former University of Memphis provost Ralph Faudree dies]</ref> *[[Frank Glazer]], 99, juru main piano lan komponis AS.<ref>[http://www.pressherald.com/2015/01/13/maine-pianist-frank-glazer-dies-at-99/ Pianist & composer Frank Glazer dies]</ref> *[[Jack Hayward|Sir Jack Hayward]], 91, pangusaha, pangembang properti lan tokoh filantropi Inggris, sing nduwé [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]].<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/13/jack-hayward-owner-passes-away-wolves Former Wolves owner Sir Jack Hayward dies in Fort Lauderdale aged 91]</ref> *[[Mark Juddery]], 43, panulis lan wartawan Australia, kanker.<ref>[http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/canberra-author-mark-juddery-dead-20150113-12n5pw.html Canberra author Mark Juddery dead]</ref> *[[H. Wesley Kenney]], 89, American television director and producer (''[[General Hospital]], [[All in the Family]]'', ''[[The Young and the Restless]]''), cardiac arrest.<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/01/h-wesley-kenney-dead-days-of-our-lives-all-in-the-family-1201350547 H. Wesley Kenney Dies; TV Producer & Director Of Soaps, ‘All In The Family’]</ref> *[[Mike Marqusee]], 61, panulis lan aktivis AS, myeloma multipel.<ref>[http://www.mikemarqusee.com/?p=1663 Mike Marqusee 1953-2015]</ref> *[[Frank Mazzola]], 79, aktor filem AS lan panyunting (''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', ''[[Casablanca (filem)|Casablanca]]'', ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (filem 1939)|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'').<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/01/frank-mazzola-dies-rebel-without-a-cause-actor-cassablanca-1201354867/ Frank Mazzola Dies: ‘Rebel Without A Cause’ Actor And Film Editor Was 79]</ref> *[[Hara Patnaik]], 56, aktor lan prodhuser filem India, kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iamin.in/en/cuttack/news/veteran-odia-actor-and-director-hara-patnaik-passes-away-50298 |title=Veteran Odia actor and director Hara Patnaik passes away |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114005023/http://www.iamin.in/en/cuttack/news/veteran-odia-actor-and-director-hara-patnaik-passes-away-50298 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ronnie Ronalde]], 91, panyanyi Britania lan juru main peluit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.islandfm.com/news/index.php?storyid=38891&s=6 |title=Ronnie Ronalde Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118213553/http://www.islandfm.com/news/index.php?storyid=38891&s=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Isabel Rosado]], 107, tokoh kamardikan Puerto Rico ([[Parté Nasionalis Puerto Rico]]).<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/mark-viverito-condolences-death-puerto-rican-activist-article-1.2077562 Mark-Viverito tweets condolences on death of Puerto Rican nationalist who did jail time]</ref> *[[John H. Rubel]], 94, èksèkutif èlèktronis ''pertahanan'' AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/santafenewmexican/obituary.aspx?pid=173867667 John H. Rubel Obituary]</ref> *[[Trevor Ward-Davies]], 70, juru main bas Britania ([[Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich]]), cancer.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-wiltshire-30811311 Dozy, of Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick and Tich, dies aged 70]</ref> *[[Bill Thompson (manager)|Bill Thompson]], 70, manajer talenta AS.<ref>[http://www.relix.com/news/detail/bill_thompson_manager_of_jefferson_airplane_jefferson_starship_and_hot_tuna_dies_at_70 Bill Thompson, Manager of Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship and Hot Tuna, Dies at 70]</ref> *[[Robert White (Duta Agung)|Robert White]], 88, diplomat AS, Duta Agung kanggo Paraguay (1977–1980) lan El Salvador (1980–1981).<ref>[http://www.wsj.com/articles/former-ambassador-to-el-salvador-white-dies-at-88-1421280479 Former Ambassador to El Salvador White Dies at 88]</ref> *[[Jane Wilson]], 90, palukis AS.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/20/arts/design/jane-wilson-artist-of-the-ethereal-dies-at-90.html?_r=0 Jane Wilson, Artist of the Ethereal, Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Keith Wright (pulitikus Australia)|Keith Wright]], 73, pulitikus Australia lan pamrakosa bocah sing dikukum, anggota parlemèn Australia kanggo Capricornia (1984–1993).<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-13/disgraced-former-labor-leader-keith-wright-dies-in-vietnam/6014558 Disgraced former Queensland Labor leader Keith Wright dies in Vietnam]</ref> *[[Hillel Zaks]], 85, Rabi Israèl kalairan Polen.<ref>[http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/boruch-dayan-emmes/280382/levaya-of-hagon-harav-hillel-zaks-zatzal-rosh-hayeshiva-knesses-hagedolah.html Levaya Of Hagon HaRav Hillel Zaks ZATZAL]</ref> === 14 === *[[Mordechai Shmuel Ashkenazi]], 71, Rabi Israèl.<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/2829975/jewish/Under-Somber-Skies-in-Israèl-Rabbi-Mordechai-Shmuel-Ashkenazi-Laid-to-Rest.htm Under Somber Skies in Israèl, Rabbi Mordechai Shmuel Ashkenazi Laid to Rest]</ref> *[[Bob Boyd (baskèt)|Bob Boyd]], 84, palatih baskèt AS ([[USC Trojans men's basketball|USC Trojans]]).<ref>[http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/12169158/former-usc-trojans-basketball-coach-bob-boyd-dies-84 Former USC coach Bob Boyd dies]</ref> *[[Jerry Dempsey]], 81, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Minnesota]] (1992–2006).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.caturia-smidtfh.com/fh/obituaries/obituary.cfm?o_id=2906065&fh_id=11330 |title=Jerome R. Dempsey (April 21, 1933 - January 14, 2015) |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-date=January 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119065734/http://www.caturia-smidtfh.com/fh/obituaries/obituary.cfm?o_id=2906065&fh_id=11330 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Lotte Hass]], 86, fotomodèl Ostenrik lan juru nyilem.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.divernet.com/home_diving_news/2722254/lotte_hass_dies.html |title=Lotte Hass dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121153731/http://www.divernet.com/home_diving_news/2722254/lotte_hass_dies.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Val Holten]], 87, juru main krikèt Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cricketvictoria.com.au/news/article/vale-val-holten |title=Vale Val Holten |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115061205/http://cricketvictoria.com.au/news/article/vale-val-holten |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Danny Malloy (juru main bal-balan)|Danny Malloy]], 84, juru main bal-balan Sekotlan ([[Cardiff City]], [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]]).<ref>[http://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/cardiff-city-promotion-winning-captain-8463031 Cardiff City promotion winning captain Danny Malloy dies, aged 84 - A tribute to say farewell to a Bluebirds legend]</ref> *[[Jerzy Holzer]], 84, sajarawan Polen.<ref>[http://wyborcza.pl/1,75478,17252144,Jerzy_Holzer_nie_zyje__Wybitny_historyk__dzialacz.html Jerzy Holzer nie żyje. Wybitny historyk, działacz opozycji. Miał 84 lata] {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[Susanto Pudjomartono]], 71, panyunting lan diplomat Indonésia, panyuntang utama kapindho ''[[The Jakarta Post]]'' (1991–2003), Duta Agung Indonésia ing Ruslan (2003–2008).<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/14/former-editor-and-diplomat-susanto-pudjomartono-passes-away.html Former editor and diplomat Susanto Pudjomartono passes away]</ref> *[[Nélida Romero]], 88, aktris Argèntina.<ref>[http://www.ratingcero.com/notas/122982-murio-la-actriz-nelida-romero Murió la actriz Nélida Romero] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Darren Shahlavi]], 42, aktor Inggris (''[[Night at the Museum]]'', ''[[Watchmen (filem)|Watchmen]]'', ''[[Ip Man 2]]'') lan ahli silat.<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/film/news/darren-shahlavi-dead-martial-artist-mortal-kombat-arrow-1201409852/ Darren Shahlavi, Martial Artist in ‘Mortal Kombat’ and ‘Arrow,’ Dies at 42]</ref> *[[Layne Tom Jr.]], 87, aktor AS ([[Charlie Chan|Charlie Chan series]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hub.contactmusic.com/story/charlie-chan-actor-layne-tom-jr-dies_4580435 |title=Charlie Chan - Charlie Chan Actor Layne Tom Jr. Dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212022117/http://hub.contactmusic.com/story/charlie-chan-actor-layne-tom-jr-dies_4580435 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Warren Weinstein]], 73, ahli ékonomi AS, kontraktor [[USAID]] diculik déning [[al-Qaeda]], kena serangan ''drone''.<ref name=weinstein>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/world/asia/2-qaeda-hostages-were-accidentally-killed-in-us-raid-white-house-says.html</ref> *[[Zhang Wannian]], 86, Jèndral Tiongkok.<ref>[http://china.cankaoxiaoxi.com/roll10/2015/0114/628836.shtml 中央军委原副主席张万年病逝 终年87岁] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20150114184249/http://china.cankaoxiaoxi.com/roll10/2015/0114/628836.shtml |date=2015-01-14 }} {{zh icon}}</ref> === 15 === *[[Jean-Claude Baker]], 71, wong sing nduwé rèstoran ing AS kalairan Prancis, nglalu.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/16/nyregion/jean-claude-baker-a-restaurateur-dies-at-71.html Jean-Claude Baker, a Restaurateur, Dies at 71]</ref> *[[Ludmila Brožová-Polednová]], 93, jaksa Céko, sing mèlu pangadilan éthok-éthok [[Milada Horáková]].<ref>[http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/359700-zemrela-ludmila-brozova-polednova-prokuratorka-z-procesu-s-miladou-horakovou.html Zemřela Ludmila Brožová-Polednová, prokurátorka z procesu s Miladou Horákovou] {{cs icon}}</ref> *[[Arnaldo Calveyra]], 85, pujangga Argèntina lan panulis roman, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201501/92181-arnaldo-calveyra-muerte-paris.html Murió el escritor entrerriano Arnaldo Calveyra a los 85 años, en París] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118013757/http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201501/92181-arnaldo-calveyra-muerte-paris.html |date=2015-01-18 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Eugene E. Covert]], 88, insinyur dirgantara AS.<ref>[http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2015/former-aeroastro-head-air-force-chief-scientist-eugene-covert-dies-0120 Former AeroAstro head and Air Force chief scientist Eugene Covert dies at 88]</ref> *[[Ervin Drake]], 95, panulis lagu AS ("[[It Was a Very Good Year]]", "[[I Believe (1953 song)|I Believe]]", "[[Good Morning Heartache]]"), kanker kandhung kemih.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/ervin-drake-songwriter-of-it-was-a-very-good-year-dies-at-95/2015/01/15/a7e1cae6-9cec-11e4-a7ee-526210d665b4_story.html Ervin Drake, songwriter of ‘It Was a Very Good Year,’ dies at 95]</ref> *[[Kim Fowley]], 75, prodhuser musik AS, manajer band ([[The Runaways]]), imprésario lan musikus, kanker kandhung kemih.<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/music/news/kim-fowley-music-impresario-and-runaways-manager-dies-at-75-1201406514/ Kim Fowley, Music Impresario and Runaways Manager, Dies at 75]</ref> *[[Alan Hirschfield]], 79, èksèkutif filem AS, CEO [[Columbia Pictures]] (1973–1978), pangrèh [[20th Century Fox]] (1982–1986).<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/film/news/alan-hirschfield-former-columbia-chief-exec-dies-at-79-1201408596/ Alan Hirschfield, Former Columbia Chief Exec, Dies at 79]</ref> *[[Anwarul Iqbal]], 64, pulitikus Banggaladésa (Bangladèsh) lan pangrèh pulisi, gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/425161/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87 সাবেক উপদেষ্টা আনোয়ারুল ইকবাল আর নেই] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226173146/http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/425161/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87 |date=2015-12-26 }} {{bn icon}}</ref> *[[Archibald Kennedy, 8th Marquess of Ailsa]], 58, priyayi Sekotlan, pangrèh turunan [[Klan Kennedy]].<ref>[http://www.cosca.scot/ A Sad Announcement]</ref> *[[Ethel Lang (supercentenarian)|Ethel Lang]], 114, ''supercentenarian'' Britania, wong tuwa dhéwé (wiwit taun 2013), wong Britania pungkasan sing lair nalika isih jumenengé [[Ratu Victoria]].<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/11349879/Britains-oldest-person-Ethel-Lang-dies-aged-114.html Britain's oldest person Ethel Lang dies aged 114]</ref> *[[Karel Lichtnégl]], 78, juru main bal-balan Céko.<ref>[http://brnensky.denik.cz/fotbal_region/zemrel-byvaly-fotbalovy-reprezentant-karel-lichtnegl-bylo-mu-78-let-20150116-ye8.html Zemřel bývalý fotbalový reprezentant Karel Lichtnégl. Bylo mu 78 let] {{cs icon}}</ref> *[[Jean Lindenmann]], 90, ahli virus lan immunologi Switserlan, salah sawijining panemu [[interferon]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/us/jean-lindenmann-made-interferon-his-lifes-work-is-dead-at-90.html?_r=0 Jean Lindenmann, Who Made Interferon His Life’s Work, Is Dead at 90]</ref> *[[Rimma Markova]], 89, aktris Ruslan.<ref>[http://russkiymir.ru/en/news/183644/ A Quiet Farewell for Rimma Markova]</ref> *[[Ray Nagel]], 87, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[UCLA Bruins football|UCLA Bruins]]) lan palatih ([[Utah Utes football|Utah Utes]], [[Iowa Hawkeyes football|Iowa Hawkeyes]]).<ref>[http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/12208552/former-iowa-hawkeyes-utah-utes-coach-ray-nagel-dies-87 Former coach Ray Nagel dies at 87]</ref> *[[Chikao Ōtsuka]], 85, aktor swara Jepang (''[[Lupin III]]'', ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'', ''[[One Piece]]''), lelara jantung.<ref>[http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-16/voice-actor-chikao-ohtsuka-passes-away/.83348 Voice Actor Chikao Ohtsuka Passes Away]</ref> *[[Raoul Pantin]], 71, wartawan lan panulis Trinidad, panulis skénario (''[[Bim]]''), pasintas [[Kudéta Jamaat al Muslimeen]].<ref>[http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/lifestyle/2015/01/15/renowned-trinidadian-poet-and-journalist-raoul-pantin-dies/ Renowned Trinidadian poet and journalist Raoul Pantin dies]</ref> *[[Robert S. Pirie]], 80, pangacara AS.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/29/business/robert-pirie-corporate-lawyer-dies-at-80.html?ref=obituaries&_r=0 Robert Pirie, Corporate Lawyer, Dies at 80]</ref> *[[Ignacio Posada]], 79, juru main anggar olimpiade Kolombia.<ref>[http://www.coc.org.co/2015/01/16/el-coc-lamenta-el-fallecimiento-del-esgrimsita-olimpico-ignacio-posada/ El COC lamenta el fallecimiento del esgrimista olímpico Ignacio Posada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219014309/http://www.coc.org.co/2015/01/16/el-coc-lamenta-el-fallecimiento-del-esgrimsita-olimpico-ignacio-posada/ |date=2015-02-19 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Harvey Sweetman]], 93, juru anggegana Perang Donya II Sélandia Anyar.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/65150139/wwii-raf-squadron-leader-dies WWII RAF squadron leader dies]</ref> *[[Rameshwar Thakur]], 88, pulitikus India, Gubernur [[Odisha]] (2004–2006), [[Andhra Pradesh]] (2006–2007) lan [[Karnataka]] (2007–2009).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://odishasamaya.com/news/former-odisha-governor-rameshwar-thakur-passes-away |title=Former Odisha Governor Rameshwar Thakur passes away |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205232801/http://odishasamaya.com/news/former-odisha-governor-rameshwar-thakur-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Walter Westbrook (seniman)|Walter Westbrook]], 93, seniman Afrika Kidul.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://arttimes.co.za/walter-westbrook-august-3-1921-january-15-2015/ |title=Walter Westbrook August 3, 1921 – January 15, 2015 |access-date=November 13, 2015 |archive-date=January 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118225534/http://arttimes.co.za/walter-westbrook-august-3-1921-january-15-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bob Wilson (wartawan ulah raga)|Bob Wilson]], 85, wartawan ulah raga AS ([[Boston Bruins]]).<ref>[http://www.wcvb.com/news/bob-wilson-longtime-bruins-announcer-dies-at-85/30773938 Bob Wilson, longtime Bruins announcer, dies at 85]</ref> *[[Joseph Mukasa Zuza]], 59, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Malawi, Biskop [[Mzuzu]] (wiwit 1995), kacilakan lalu lintas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.malawitoday.com/news/133134-bishop-joseph-zuza-mzuzu-dies-car-crash |title=Bishop Joseph Zuza of Mzuzu dies in a car crash |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202205617/http://www.malawitoday.com/news/133134-bishop-joseph-zuza-mzuzu-dies-car-crash |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 16 === *[[Miriam Akavia]], 87, panulis Israèl.<ref>[http://www.dziennikpolski24.pl/artykul/3719942,miriam-akavia-19272015,id,t.html?cookie=1 Miriam Akavia (1927-2015)]</ref> *[[Ian Athfield|Sir Ian Athfield]], 74, arsitèk Sélandia Anyar.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/65111371/renowned-architect-sir-ian-athfield-dies-age-74 Renowned architect Sir Ian Athfield dies, aged 74]</ref> *[[Mohamed Olow Barrow]], pulitikus Somalia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=8866 |title=President Hassan attends the funeral of the former minister |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118220417/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=8866 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Andrew Benson]], 97, ahli biologi AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/utsandiego/obituary.aspx?n=andrew-benson&pid=173956530 Andrew Benson]</ref> *[[Vivaldo Frota]], 86, pulitikus Brazilia, Gubernur [[Amazonas]] (1990–1991).<ref>[http://new.d24am.com/noticias/amazonas/morre-vivaldo-frota-governador-amazonas/127623 Morre Vivaldo Frota, ex-governador do Amazonas] {{pt icon}}</ref> *[[Ted Harrison]], 88, panglukis Kanadha kalairan Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vancouversun.com/Harrison+famous+paintings+Canadian+North+dies/10736027/story.html |title=Ted Harrison, famous for paintings of Canadian North, dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2016-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327202355/http://www.vancouversun.com/Harrison+famous+paintings+Canadian+North+dies/10736027/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Pedro María Iguaran]], 74, juru main bal-balan Spanyol ([[Real Sociedad]]).<ref>[http://www.realsociedad.com/document/view/eus/169/183102/fallece-pello-iguaran-arandia Pello Iguaran Arandia hil da] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Patrick Journoud]], 50, atlit Olimpiade Prancis ([[Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988]]).<ref>[http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/jo/patrick-journoud-1.html Patrick Journoud]</ref> *[[Stuart Loory]], 82, wartawan AS lan èksèkutif média ([[CNN]]), kanker paru-paru.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wptv.com/news/national/stuart-loory-consummate-journalist-and-former-cnn-reporter-passes-away |title=Stuart Loory: 'Consummate' journalist and former CNN reporter passes away |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206212929/http://www.wptv.com/news/national/stuart-loory-consummate-journalist-and-former-cnn-reporter-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ray Lumpp]], 91, juru main baskèt AS ([[New York Knicks]]), juwara Olimpiade (1948).<ref>[http://www.foxsports.com/nba/story/new-york-knicks-olympian-ray-lumpp-dies-at-91-011615 Former Knicks player, US Olympian Lumpp dies at 91]</ref> *[[Luis Marsans]], 84, panglukis Spanyol.<ref>[http://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20150117/54423460861/luis-marsans.html Muere Luis Marsans] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Louis Martin (weightlifter)|Louis Martin]], 78, juru angkat halter Britania katurunan Jamaika, medali pirak Olimpiade (1964) lan prunggu (1960).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Tributes-Derby-s-champion-weightlifter-hero-Louis/story-25885303-detail/story.html |title=Louis Martin: Tributes to Derby's champion weightlifter and hero |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123071223/http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Tributes-Derby-s-champion-weightlifter-hero-Louis/story-25885303-detail/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ghelubhai Nayak]], 91, aktivis pulitik India.<ref>[http://deshgujarat.com/2015/01/16/father-figure-of-tribal-dang-region-of-gujarat-ghelubhai-nayak-passes-away/ Father figure of tribal Dang region of Gujarat Ghelubhai Nayak passes away]</ref> *[[Walter Peregoy]], 89, juru animasi AS (''[[The Jungle Book (filem taun 1967)|The Jungle Book]]'', ''[[Sleeping Beauty (filem taun 1959)|Sleeping Beauty]]'', ''[[Mary Poppins (filem)|Mary Poppins]]'', ''[[The Sword in the Stone (filem)|The Sword in the Stone]]'').<ref>[http://www.cartoonbrew.com/rip/walt-peregoy-101-dalmatians-color-stylist-rip-108028.html Walt Peregoy, ’101 Dalmatians’ Color Stylist, RIP]</ref> *[[Tony Ridler]], 59, juru main dart Wales.<ref>[http://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/gwentnews/10981950.Friends_and_family_pay_tribute_to_Newport_darts__genius_/ Friends and family pay tribute to Newport darts 'genius']</ref> *[[Faith Seidenberg]], 91, ahli kukum lan aktivis hak warga AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://law.syr.edu/news_events/news/syracuse-law-remembers-alumna-faith-seidenberg |title=Syracuse Law Remembers Alumna Faith Seidenberg |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206212802/https://law.syr.edu/news_events/news/syracuse-law-remembers-alumna-faith-seidenberg |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Yao Beina]], 33, panyanyi China, kanker payudara.<ref>[http://www.china.org.cn/arts/2015-01/16/content_34580238.htm Pop singer Yao Beina dies at 33]</ref> === 17 === *[[Bruno Ballarini]], 77, juru main bal-balan Italia ([[Calcio Como]]).<ref>[http://www.laprovinciadicomo.it/stories/Sport/addio-ballarini-il-capitano_1100092_11/ Addio Ballarini, il capitano] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Joseph Brannigan]], 83, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Maine]] (2006–2012).<ref>[https://bangordailynews.com/2015/01/18/news/portland/former-state-legislator-joe-brannigan-dies-at-83/ Former state legislator Joe Brannigan dies at 83]</ref> *[[Ken Furphy]], 83, juru main bal-balan Inggris lan manajer ([[Watford F.C.|Watford]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.watfordfc.com/news/article/150119-watford-fc-ken-furphy-2213166.aspx |title=Ken Furphy Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123214645/http://www.watfordfc.com/news/article/150119-watford-fc-ken-furphy-2213166.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gobinda Halder]], 84, panulis lagu lan komponis India, gagal ginjel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kollytalk.com/national/indian-lyricist-bangladesh-liberation-war-dies-210669.html |title=Indian lyricist of Bangladesh Liberation War dies |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226014702/http://www.kollytalk.com/national/indian-lyricist-bangladesh-liberation-war-dies-210669.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Faten Hamama]], 83, aktris Mesir (''[[The Angel of Mercy (filem 1946)|The Angel of Mercy]]'', ''[[Wajh al-Qamar]]'').<ref>[http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/entertainment/2015/01/17/DNPY-Egyptian-actress-Faten-Hamama-dies.html Iconic Egyptian actress Faten Hamama dies]</ref> *[[Don Harron]], 90, palawak, aktor lan panulis Kanadha (''[[Hee Haw]], [[The Big Revue]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://news.nationalpost.com/2015/01/17/don-harron-legendary-canadian-actor-who-played-charlie-farquharson-dies-at-90/ Don Harron, legendary Canadian actor who played Charlie Farquharson, dies at 90]</ref> *[[Kazumasa Hirai (author)|Kazumasa Hirai]], 76, panulis manga Jepang (''[[8 Man]]'', ''[[Genma Taisen]]'', ''[[Wolf Guy]]'').<ref>[http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-17/genma-taisen-rebirth-writer-harmagedon-8-man-creator-kazumasa-hirai-passes-away/.83397 Genma Taisen Rebirth Writer: Harmagedon/8 Man Creator Kazumasa Hirai Passes Away]</ref> *[[Fritz C. Holte]], 89, ahli ékonomi Nurwègen.<ref>[https://snl.no/Fritz_Christian_Holte Fritz Christian Holte] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Justin Kili]], 61, wartawan Papua Nugini lan tokoh média.<ref>[http://news.pngfacts.com/2015/01/one-of-pngs-pioneer-médhia-personality.html One of PNG's pioneer médhia personality Justin Kili passess on ]</ref> *[[Rebecca D. Lockhart]], 46, pulitikus AS, Pangrèh DPRD [[Utah]] (wiwit 2011), [[lelara Creutzfeldt-Jakob]].<ref>[http://www.sltrib.com/news/2068570-155/becky-lockhart-history-making-utah-lawmaker-dies Becky Lockhart, history-making Utah lawmaker, dies at 46]</ref> *[[Henry Manne]], 86, tokoh akadémi kukum lan ékonomi AS.<ref>[http://leiterlawschool.typepad.com/leiter/2015/01/in-memoriam-henry-g-manne-1928-2015.html In Memoriam: Henry G. Manne (1928-2015)]</ref> *[[Roderick McDonald (basketball)|Roderick McDonald]], 69, juru main baskèt AS ([[Utah Stars]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/mercurynews/obituary.aspx?pid=173948133 Roderick McDonald obituary]</ref> *[[Terence Miller]], 96, ahli paléontologi Britania Raya.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11374920/Professor-Terence-Miller-palaeontologist-obituary.html Professor Terence Miller, palaeontologist - obituary]</ref> *[[Origa]], 44, panyanyi Ruslan (''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex]]''), kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-18/ghost-in-the-shell-singer-origa-passes-away/.83416 Ghost in the Shell Singer Origa Passes Away]</ref> *[[Mary Evelyn Parker]], 94, pulitikus AS, artaka Praja Louisiana (1968–1987), komplikasi serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.wafb.com/story/27877168/first-woman-elected-as-louisiana-treasurer-dies-at-94 First woman elected as Louisiana treasurer dies at 94]</ref> *[[David E. Paulson]], 83, pulitikus AS, anggota [[Wisconsin State Assembly]] kanggo 28th District (1978–1986).<ref>[http://www.williamsonwhite.com/fh/obituaries/obituary.cfm?o_id=2920618&fh_id=12166 David Earl Paulson]</ref> *[[Greg Plitt]], 37, palatih fitnès AS (''[[Work Out]]'') lan aktor (''[[Grudge Match (filem)|Grudge Match]]'', ''[[Terminator Salvation]]'', ''[[Bobby (filem 2006)|Bobby]]''), ketabrak sepur.<ref>[http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/01/17/man-struck-killed-by-metrolink-train-in-burbank/ Reality TV Star Struck, Killed By Metrolink Train In Burbank]</ref> *[[Bill Sykes (pendhéta)|Bill Sykes]], 75, panulis lan pendhéta Inggris.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/Billsykes |title=Revd W. G. D. Sykes, MA, Fellow and Chaplain |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123201120/http://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/Billsykes |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 18 === * [[Ang Kiem Soei]], 55, durjana Walanda kalairan Indonésia/Hindia Walanda, lan limang durjana liyané dièksékusi Pamaréntah Indonésia.<ref>[http://news.liputan6.com/read/2162546/ini-protes-pengacara-terpidana-mati-ang-kiem-soei Ini Protes Pengacara Terpidana Mati Ang Kiem Soei]</ref><ref>[http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2015/01/17/ang-kiem-soei-geexecuteerd Nederlander Ang geëxecuteerd in Indonesië - ambassadeur teruggeroepen]</ref> *[[Mohammad Ali Allahdadi]], 52, Jèndral Angkatan Dharat Iran, serangan udara.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-30882935 Iran general died in 'Israèli strike' in Syrian Golan]</ref> <!--B-->*[[Dorothy Barnes Pelote]], 85, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Georgia]] (1993–2003).<ref>[http://www.myfoxal.com/story/27880043/former-georgia-state-house-representative-dorothy-pelote-dies-at-85 Former Georgia State House Representative Dorothy Pelote dies at 85]</ref> *[[José Carrasco]], 70, pulitikus Péru.<ref>[http://www.larepublica.pe/16-01-2015/fallecio-jose-carrasco-tavara-ex-ministro-aprista Falleció José Carrasco Távara, ex ministro aprista] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Vinay V. Deodhar]], 66, matématikawan India.<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~asnews/news-release/558.html Professor Vinay Deodhar dies at 66]</ref> *[[Maurice Dumas]], 87, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota Parlemèn Kanadha kanggo [[Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel]] (1993–2000).<ref>[http://www.fil-information.gouv.qc.ca/Pages/Article.aspx?aiguillage=ajd&type=1&idArticle=2301205722 Le Parti Québécois rend hommage à l'ex-député Maurice Dumas]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Cynthia Layne]], 51, panyanyi Jazz Amérikah Sarékat, kanker.<ref>[http://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/01/19/cynthia-layne-indianapolis-jazz-kitchen-owl-records-super-bowl/21997893/ Vocalist Cynthia Layne remembered for talent, courage]</ref> *[[Grazia Livi]], 84, wartawan lan panulis Italia, pamenang [[Viareggio Prize]].<ref>[http://www.lastampa.it/2015/01/19/edizioni/alessandria/lutto-per-la-morte-di-grazia-livi-scrittrice-e-saggista-verr-sepolta-nel-paese-che-amava-CmJCkyhjEPwBYRtHQTGexO/pagina.html Lutto per la morte di Grazia Livi, scrittrice e saggista: verrà sepolta nel paese che amava] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[D. C. McNeil]], 87, pulitikus Kanadha.<ref>[http://thechronicleherald.ca/novascotia/1263790-dugger-mcneil-dies-after-%E2%80%98great-life%E2%80%99-on-the-ice-in-politics-and-in-business Dugger McNeil dies after ‘great life’ on the ice, in politics and in business]</ref> *[[Alberto Nisman]], 51, jaksa Argèntina ([[pangeboman AMIA]]), katoné nglalu déné témbakan gaman geni.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/argentina/11354521/Argentine-prosecutor-who-accused-Cristina-Kirchner-over-1994-bombings-found-dead.html Argentine prosecutor who accused Cristina Kirchner over 1994 bombings found dead]</ref> *[[Paul O'Grady (pulitikus)|Paul O'Grady]], 54, pulitikus Australia, anggota ''[[New South Wales Legislative Council]]'' (1988–1996), kanker.<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/first-openly-gay-state-mp-paul-ogrady-dies-in-sydney-20150118-12sm40.html First openly gay state MP Paul O'Grady dies in Sydney]</ref> *[[Muna Obiekwe]], 36, aktor Nigéria, lelara ginjel.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501200176.html Nigeria: Entertainers React to Death of Actor, Muna Obiekwe]</ref> *[[Pietro Pianta]], 74, juru main bal-balan Italia.<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/sport/calcio/2015/01/19/e-morto-lex-portiere-pietro-pianta_30589d93-40aa-4327-9a60-4bcc1faa7522.html E' morto l'ex portiere Pietro Pianta] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[June Randall]], 87, pangawas skrip Britania (''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (filem)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'', ''[[A Clockwork Orange (filem)|A Clockwork Orange]]'', ''[[The Shining (filem)|The Shining]]'').<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11441807/June-Randall-script-supervisor-obituary.html June Randall, script supervisor - obituary]</ref> *[[Piet van der Sanden]], 90, pulitikus Walanda, anggota [[Parlemèn Walanda]] (1971–1972, 1973–1989), anggota [[Parlemèn Éropa]] (1973–1974).<ref>[http://www.parlement.com/id/vjqqhw8i5fs6/nieuws/voormalig_kvp_en_cda_tweede_kamerlid Voormalig KVP- en CDA-Tweede Kamerlid Piet van der Sanden overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Milt Schoon]], 92, juru main baskèt AS ([[Sheboygan Red Skins]]).<ref>[http://www.walworthcountytoday.com/20150121/milton_w_schoon_janesville_wi_1922_2015 Milton W. Schoon, Janesville, WI (1922-2015)]</ref> *[[Harish Chandra Srivastava]], 90, pulitikus India.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/senior-bjp-leader-harish-chandra-srivastava-passes-away/ Senior BJP leader Harish Chandra Srivastava passes away]</ref> *[[Yasuaki Taiho]], 51, juru main bisbol Jepang kalairan Taiwan ([[Chunichi Dragons]], [[Hanshin Tigers]]), léukémia myeloid akut.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp023000c.html |title=Taiwanese-born ballplayer Taiho dies of leukemia at age 51 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120044448/http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp023000c.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Dallas Taylor (juru main drum)|Dallas Taylor]], 66, juru main drum AS ([[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young]]).<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/music/news/dallas-taylor-former-crosby-stills-nash-young-drummer-dies-at-66-1201408369/# Dallas Taylor, Former Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young Drummer, Dies at 66]</ref> *[[Christine Valmy]], 88, ahli kosmètika AS kalairan Rumania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.romania-insider.com/romania-born-cosmetics-queen-christine-valmy-dies-at-88/139966/ |title=Romania-born “Cosmetics Queen” Christine Valmy dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121055902/http://www.romania-insider.com/romania-born-cosmetics-queen-christine-valmy-dies-at-88/139966/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Tony Verna]], 81, prodhuser télévisi AS, panemu ''[[instant replay]]'', léukemia.<ref>[http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/01/18/tony-verna-inventor-of-instant-replay-dies-at-81/ Tony Verna, Inventor Of Instant Replay, Dies At 81]</ref> *[[Kjell Arnljot Wig]], 90, tokoh média Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.vg.no/rampelys/tv/nrk/kjell-arnljot-wig-er-doed/a/23376678/ Kjell Arnljot Wig er død] {{no icon}}</ref> === 19 === *[[John Bilezikjian]], 66, musikus ''[[oud]]'' Arménia, lelara ginjel.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-john-bilezikjian-20150128-story.html Musician John Bilezikjian dies at 66; master of the Middle Eastern oud]</ref> *[[Rose Marie Brown]], 95, kontèstan putri ayu kacantikan AS, [[Miss Virginia]] (1939).<ref>[http://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2015/01/26/former-miss-virginia-from-suffolk-dies/ Former Miss Virginia from Suffolk dies]</ref> *[[Justin Capră]], 81, panemu Rumania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/romanian-who-claimed-to-invent-world-s-first-jetpack-dies-1.2197150 |title=Romanian who claimed to invent world's first jetpack dies |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2023-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425211316/https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/romanian-who-claimed-to-invent-world-s-first-jetpack-dies-1.2197150 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gordon Dickson (atlit)|Gordon Dickson]], 83, ulah ragawan layu maraton Kanadha.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.obitsforlife.com/obituary/1036193/Dickson-Gordon.php |title=Gordon Dickson Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203141337/http://www.obitsforlife.com/obituary/1036193/Dickson-Gordon.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Adam Yahiye Gadahn]], 36, tokoh [[al-Qaeda]] AS, serangan drone.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/world/asia/2-qaeda-hostages-were-accidentally-killed-in-us-raid-white-house-says.html Obama Apologizes After Drone Kills American and Italian Held by Al Qaeda]</ref> *[[Vera Gornostayeva]], 85, juru main lan guru piano Ruslan.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/eminent-russian-piano-teacher-has-died/ Eminent Russian piano teacher has died]</ref> *[[Michel Guimond]], 61, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota parlemèn kanggo [[Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord]] (1993–2011), heart failure.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/michel-guimond-ex-bloc-mp-dies-of-heart-failure-at-61-1.2918085 Michel Guimond, ex-Bloc MP, dies of heart failure at 61]</ref> *[[José María Hernández González]], 88, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Mèksiko, Biskop [[Chilapa]] (1983–1989) lan [[Netzahualcóyotl]] (1989–2003).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bhego.html Bishop José María Hernández González]</ref> *[[Oscar Hayes]], 47, musikus gospèl AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://praise1027detroit.hellobeautiful.com/549878/home-going-service-details-for-pastor-oscar-hayes/ |title=Home-going Service Details for Pastor Oscar Hayes |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413054127/http://praise1027detroit.hellobeautiful.com/549878/home-going-service-details-for-pastor-oscar-hayes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Arthit Kamlang-ek]], 89, Jèndral Thailand, [[List of Commanders of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters|Supreme Commander]] of the [[Royal Thai Armed Forces]] (1983–1986).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Former-Army-chief-Gen-Arthit-dies-at-89-30252171.html |title=Former Army chief Gen Arthit dies at 89 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121171548/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Former-Army-chief-Gen-Arthit-dies-at-89-30252171.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Vladimir Kesarev]], 84, juru main bal-balan Ruslan ([[FC Dynamo Moscow|Dynamo Moscow]]).<ref>[http://www.rusteam.permian.ru/players/kesarev.html Владимир КЕСАРЕВ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116114216/http://www.rusteam.permian.ru/players/kesarev.html |date=2020-01-16 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Anne Kirkbride]], 60, aktris Britania Raya (''[[Coronation Street]]''), kanker payudara.<ref>[http://www.itv.com/coronationstreet/news/anne-kirkbride Anne Kirkbride]</ref> *[[Rajni Kothari]], 85, ngèlmuwan pulitik India.<ref>[http://netindian.in/news/2015/01/19/00032268/eminent-political-scientist-rajni-kothari-passes-away Eminent political scientist Rajni Kothari passes away]</ref> *[[Robert Manzon]], 97, pambalap Formula One Prancis, pasintas pungkasan Kajawaran Kapisan Formula One.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-20/robert-manzon-last-racer-from-formula-ones-debut-season-dies/6026686 Formula One: French driver Robert Manzon, the last of the racers from F1's first season in 1950, dies at 97]</ref> *[[Mark Marquess (hoki ès)|Mark Marquess]], 89, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[Boston Bruins]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telfordschapel.com/runtime.php?NavigatorId=162955&SiteId=33377&ItemId=2034563 |title=Mark Marquess' Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206033921/http://www.telfordschapel.com/runtime.php?NavigatorId=162955&SiteId=33377&ItemId=2034563 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Reinaldo Oliver]], 82, ulah ragawan balang tumbak Puèrto Riko lan atlit olimpiade (1952, 1956).<ref>[http://www.primerahora.com/deportes/otros/nota/falleceelliderdeportivoreynaldopochioliver-1060069/ Fallece el líder deportivo Reynaldo “Pochi” Oliver] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Karl H. Pribram]], 95, tokoh pawiyatan lan ahli néurologi AS kalairan Ostenrik, kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.karlpribram.com/karl-pribram-1919-2015/ |title=Karl Pribram 1919-2015 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201191224/http://www.karlpribram.com/karl-pribram-1919-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bob Sadino]], pangusaha Indonésia.<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/20/eccentric-entrepreneur-bob-sadino-dies-75.html Eccentric entrepreneur Bob Sadino dies at 81]</ref> *[[Ward Swingle]], 87, musikus AS ([[The Swingle Singers]], [[Les Double Six]]).<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/the-founding-swingle-singer-has-died/ Sad news: The founding Swingle Singer has died]</ref> *[[Bob Symes]], 90, panemu lan pambiwara Britania Raya.<ref>[http://grahammuz.com/2015/01/19/rip-bob-symes-1924-2015/ RIP Bob Symes 1924 – 2015]</ref> *[[Reies Tijerina]], 88, aktivis ''[[chicano]]'' AS.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-reies-lopez-tijerina-20150123-story.html Reies Lopez Tijerina dies at 88; Chicano rights movement leader]</ref> *[[Gene S. Walker, Sr.]], 88, pangusaha AS lan wong sing nduwé paternakan.<ref>[http://www.lmtonline.com/front-news/article_505aa17c-a0dd-11e4-a4b0-8bc85872181d.html Well-known rancher Gene S. Walker Sr. has died]</ref> *[[Peter Wallenberg, Sr.]], 88, bankir lan industrialis Swèdhen, batrik [[Kulawarga Wallenberg]].<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-peter-wallenberg-20150120-story.html Peter Wallenberg dies at 88; head of dynasty compared to Rockefellers]</ref> === 20 === *[[Canserbero]], 26, musikus rap Vènèzuéla, nglalu déné mencolot.<ref>[http://www.latinpost.com/articles/32881/20150120/ak-canserbero-dead-rapper-tirone-gonz%C3%A1lez-cause-death-reportedly-suicide.htm AK Canserbero Dead: Rapper Tirone González Cause of Death Reportedly Suicide Following Alleged Murder of Zion TPL Bassist]</ref> *[[James L. Fowler]], 84, vètèran militèr AS, sing ngedegaké [[Marine Corps Marathon]].<ref>[http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/story/military/2015/01/22/james-fowler-marine-corps-marathon-founder-dies/22161061/ Colonel behind Marine Corps Marathon dies]</ref> *[[Edgar Froese]], 70, musikus Jerman ([[Tangerine Dream]]), embolisme paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6450793/tangerine-dream-edgar-froese-dies Tangerine Dream Founder Edgar Froese Dead at 70]</ref> *[[Melvin Gordon (pangusaha)|Melvin Gordon]], 95, èksèkutif bisnis AS, CEO [[Tootsie Roll Industries]] (wiwit 1962).<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2015-01-21/tootsie-roll-s-95-year-old-ceo-dies-his-wife-takes-the-reins.html Tootsie Roll's 95-Year-Old CEO Dies; His Wife Takes Reins]</ref> *[[Lawrence Hogben]], 98, prawira angkatan sagara lan ahli météorologi Sélandia Anyar.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11449835/Lawrence-Hogben-D-Day-meteorologist-obituary.html Lawrence Hogben obituary]</ref> *[[Anatol Hrytskievich]], 85, sajarawan Bélarus.<ref>[http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/26804308.html Памёр Анатоль Грыцкевіч] {{be icon}}</ref> *[[Graeme Hugo]], 68, ahli démografi lan géografi Australia, kanker.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-20/graeme-hugo-demographer-and-academic-dies-aged-68/6028850 Graeme Hugo, distinguished demographer and academic, dies aged 68]</ref> *[[Herman E. Lauhoff]], 81, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Texas]] (1974&ndash;1981).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Herman-Lauhoff&lc=7469&pid=173936158&mid=6290656 |title=Herman Lauhoff Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220918/http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Herman-Lauhoff&lc=7469&pid=173936158&mid=6290656 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Rose Marie McCoy]], 92, panulis AS ("[[It Hurts Me to My Heart]]", "[[Don't Be Angry]]", "[[Tryin' to Get to You]]", "[[It's Gonna Work Out Fine]]").<ref>[http://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/2015-01-29/rose-mccoy.html Rose McCoy]</ref> *[[Gloria D. Miklowitz]], 87, panulis AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?pid=173959040 Gloria D. Miklowitz]</ref> *[[Wilfride Piollet]], 71, juru main balèt lan ahli koréografi Prancis, kanker.<ref>[http://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2015/01/27/mort-de-wilfride-piollet-etoile-de-l-opera-de-paris_4564630_3382.html Mort de Wilfride Piollet, étoile de l’Opéra de Paris] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Peter Pontiac]], 63, juru gambar kartun Walanda, pamenang [[Stripschapprijs]] (1997), lelara lèver.<ref>[http://nos.nl/artikel/2014501-striptekenaar-peter-pontiac-overleden.html Striptekenaar Peter Pontiac overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Bette Rogge]], 92, pambiwara radio lan télévisi AS.<ref>[http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/news/local/radio-and-tv-pioneer-rogge-has-died/njsZ2/ Local radio and TV pioneer dies]</ref> *[[William Roffler]], 84, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Philadelphia Eagles]]), pnéumonia.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Former-WSU-star-William-Roffler-dies-at-84-6030702.php Former WSU star William Roffler dies at 84]</ref> *[[Hitoshi Saito]], 54, judoka Jepang, jawara Olimpiade (1984, 1988), kanker saluran empedhu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp057000c.html |title=Two-time Olympic judo champion Saito dies at age 54 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123000051/http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp057000c.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ricardo dos Santos]], 24, juru main selancar Brazilia, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-30909626 Shock as Brazilian surfer Ricardo dos Santos shot dead]</ref> *[[Jerome Van Sistine]], 89, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Wisconsin]] (1977–1993).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/greenbaypressgazette/obituary.aspx?n=jerome-vansistine&pid=173918300&fhid=14146 Jerome VanSistine]</ref> *[[James Walker (panulis)|James Walker]], 41, panulis télévisi Australia (''[[Neighbours]]''), diabétes.<ref>[http://tenplay.com.au/channel-eleven/neighbours/show-news/james-walker James Walker]</ref> === 21 === *[[George Atkins (juru main bal-balan Amérikah Sarékat)|George Atkins]], 82, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Detroit Lions]]).<ref>[http://obits.al.com/obituaries/birmingham/obituary.aspx?pid=173947403 George Arthur Atkins]</ref> *[[Marcus Borg]], 72, ahli Alkitab lan téologi AS (''[[Jesus Seminar]]''), fibrosis idiopatik paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.religionnews.com/2015/01/22/marcus-borg-leading-liberal-theologian-historical-jesus-expert-dies-72/ Marcus Borg, leading liberal theologian and historical Jesus expert, dies at 72]</ref> *[[Leon Brittan]], 75, pulitikus Britania, ''Mantri Dalam Negeri'' (1983–1985), Wakil Présidèn Komisi Éropa (1999), kanker.<ref>[http://www.itv.com/news/update/2015-01-22/lord-brittan-former-home-secretary-dies-aged-75/ Former Home Secretary Lord Brittan dies aged 75]</ref> *[[Vince Camuto]], 78, désainer alas sikil AS ([[Nine West]]), kanker prostat.<ref>[http://www.eonline.com/news/617178/legendary-footwear-designer-vince-camuto-dies-at-78 Legendary Footwear Designer Vince Camuto Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Emmanuel Carter]], 85, pulitikus Trinidad, Présidèn Sénat (1990–1995), Présidèn pamangku kalungguhan (1990) nalika [[Kudéta Jamaat al Muslimeen]].<ref>[http://www.newsday.co.tt/news/0,205904.html Former Acting President Carter dies at 85]</ref> *[[Frieda Dänzer]], 84, juru main ski Alpen Switserlan, pamenang medali pirak Olimpiade (1956).<ref>[http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/region/thun/Sie-war-ein-Skistar-der-fruehen-Jahre/story/18385906 Sie war ein Skistar der frühen Jahre] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[George W. Downs (ahli pulitik)|George W. Downs]], 68, ngèlmuwan pulitik AS, gagal jantung.<ref>[http://politics.as.nyu.edu/docs/CP/1286/Remembering_George_Downs_1946-2015.pdf Remembering George Downs, 1946-2015]</ref> *[[George Goodwin (wartawan)|George Goodwin]], 97, wartawan AS, pamenang [[Bebungah Pulitzer]] (1948).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://saportareport.com/blog/2015/01/george-goodwin-prize-winning-journalist-and-dean-of-atlantas-image-boosters-passes-away/comment-page-1/ |title=George Goodwin, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and dean of Atlanta’s PR industry, passes away |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122110659/http://saportareport.com/blog/2015/01/george-goodwin-prize-winning-journalist-and-dean-of-atlantas-image-boosters-passes-away/comment-page-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harry Gordon (wartawan)|Harry Gordon]], 89, sajarawan Olimpiade Australia, wartawan lan panyunting koran.<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/journalist-harry-gordon-dies-aged-89-20150122-12vmda.html Journalist Harry Gordon dies, aged 89]</ref> *[[Martin Honeysett]], 71, panganggit kartun Britania.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11363017/Martin-Honeysett-cartoonist-obituary.html Martin Honeysett, cartoonist - obituary]</ref> *[[Frank Hooley]], 91, pulitik Britania Raya, anggota parlemèn kanggo [[Sheffield Heeley]] (1966–1970, 1974–1983).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bmdsonline.co.uk/birmingham-mail/obituary/hooley-frank/40577432 |title=HOOLEY Frank Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192638/http://www.bmdsonline.co.uk/birmingham-mail/obituary/hooley-frank/40577432 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Waldemar Kmentt]], 85, ahli ténor Ostenrik.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/vienna-mourns-a-stalwart-tenor/ Vienna mourns a stalwart tenor]</ref> *[[Roy Noble Lee]], 99, kakim AS, Kakim Agung Mahkamah Agung [[Mississippi]] (1987–1993).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wjtv.com/story/27908348/former-supreme-court-chief-justice-roy-noble-lee-passes |title=Former Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Noble Lee Passes |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122101835/http://www.wjtv.com/story/27908348/former-supreme-court-chief-justice-roy-noble-lee-passes |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Johnnie Lewis]], 68, pangacara lan pulitikus Libéria, Kakim Agung Libéria (2006–2012).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://monroviainquirer.com/2015/01/22/former-chief-justice-johnnie-lewis-is-dead/ |title=Former Chief Justice Johnnie Lewis Is Dead |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122180900/http://monroviainquirer.com/2015/01/22/former-chief-justice-johnnie-lewis-is-dead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Kemal Monteno]], 66, panyanyi Bosnia, pnéumonia lan sèpsis.<ref>[http://www.sarajevotimes.com/kemal-monteno-famous-singer-died/ Kemal Monteno, a Famous Singer, Died]</ref> *[[Keith Rayner (ahli psikologi)|Keith Rayner]], 71, ahli psikologi kognitif AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/saltlaketribune/obituary.aspx?pid=173989313 Keith Rayner]</ref> *[[Marshall Schlom]], 86, pangawas skrip AS (''[[Psycho (1960 filem)|Psycho]]'', ''[[Perry Mason]]'', ''[[Rain Man]]''), komplikasi amarga tiba.<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/marshall-schlom-dead-script-supervisor-767301 Marshall Schlom, Script Supervisor for Hitchcock, Kramer and Nichols, Dies at 86]</ref> *[[Chin Shunshin]], 90, panulis Jepang.<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20150121_36.html Japanese novelist Chin Shunshin dies]</ref> *[[Pauline Yates]], 85, aktris Inggris (''[[The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin]]'').<ref>[http://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2015/01/22/21692/pauline_yates,_aka_mrs_reggie_perrin,_dies_at_85 Pauline Yates, aka Mrs Reggie Perrin, dies at 85]</ref> === 22=== *[[Don Bryant (bisbol)|Don Bryant]], 73, juru main bisbol AS ([[Houston Astros]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/timesunion/obituary.aspx?n=donald-ray-bear-bryant&pid=173993022&fhid=5743 Donald Bryant obituary]</ref> *[[Peggy Charren]], 86, aktivis TV bocah AS.<ref>[https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/01/22/peggy-charren-cofounder-action-for-children-television-was-awarded-presidential-medal-freedom/fsk3iyiNmmLlcWgW30DW7M/story.html Peggy Charren, children’s TV pioneer, dies at 86]</ref> *[[Wendell H. Ford]], 90, pulitikus AS, Gubernur [[Kentucky]] (1971–1974), anggota [[U.S. Senate]] (1974–1999), kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/us/politics/wendell-h-ford-kentucky-governor-and-senator-dies-at-90.html?_r=0 Wendell H. Ford, Kentucky Governor and Senator, Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Margaret Bloy Graham]], 94, ilustrator buku bocah Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx?pid=173945907 MARGARET BLOY GRAHAM]</ref> *[[Joan Hinde]], 81, juru main trompèt lan panglipur Inggris.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.midhurstandpetworth.co.uk/news/local/britain-s-first-lady-of-the-trumpet-passes-away-in-chichester-1-6540256 |title=Britain’s First Lady of the Trumpet passes away in Chichester |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128133042/http://www.midhurstandpetworth.co.uk/news/local/britain-s-first-lady-of-the-trumpet-passes-away-in-chichester-1-6540256 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[René Jodoin]], 94, prodhuser lan sutradara animasi Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.animationmagazine.net/people/nfb-french-animation-founder-rene-jodoin-dies/ NFB French Animation Founder René Jodoin Dies]</ref> *[[Tommy Mason]], 75, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Minnesota Vikings]], [[Los Angeles Rams]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mynews3.com/content/news/story/Vikings-first-draft-pick-Mason-dies/wv7bX6hd20aNJu_TPza-kg.cspx |title=Vikings' first draft pick Mason dies |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123021057/http://www.mynews3.com/content/news/story/Vikings-first-draft-pick-Mason-dies/wv7bX6hd20aNJu_TPza-kg.cspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Fabrizio de Miranda]], 88, insinyur yasan Italia lan profèsor universitas.<ref>[http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/p/genova/2015/01/23/ARie2HHD-milano_miranda_sopraelevata.shtml Addio al papà della Sopraelevata, morto a Milano De Miranda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025638/http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/p/genova/2015/01/23/ARie2HHD-milano_miranda_sopraelevata.shtml |date=2015-11-17 }} {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Franco Nicolazzi]], 90, pulitikus Italia, anggota Parlemèn Italia (1963–1990), Sékretaris Parté Démokratis Sosialis Italia (1985–1988).<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2015/01/22/morto-ex-ministro-franco-nicolazzi-fu-segretario-del-psdi-_c02a8a1b-b8cc-4835-8856-69967f59566d.html Morto ex ministro Franco Nicolazzi, fu segretario del Psdi] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Kel O'Shea]], 81, juru main liga rugbi Australia ([[Western Suburbs Magpies|Western Suburbs]]).<ref>[http://www.couriermail.com.au/sport/nrl/kangaroos-great-kel-oshea-who-linked-with-norm-provan-is-mourned/story-fniabjcr-1227195046095 Kangaroos great Kel O'Shea mourned]</ref> *[[Wayne Quinton]], 94, insinyur biomédis AS.<ref>[http://seattletimes.com/html/obituaries/2025624240_quintonobitxml.html Wayne Quinton, UW’s ‘father of bioengineering,’ dies at 94]</ref> *[[Dacia Valent]], 51, pulitikus Italia kalairan Somalia, anggota Parlemèn Éropa (1989–1994), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cronaca/2015/01/26/dacia-valent_1dd38db9-1c0d-47e9-a68d-f10697bb713d.html Morta Dacia Valent, dalle battaglie antirazziste al carcere] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Lawrence Paul Zatkoff]], 75, jaksa féderal AS, kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thealpenanews.com/page/content.detail/id/781447/Port-Huron-federal-Judge-Lawrence-Zatkoff-dies-at-age-75.html?isap=1&nav=5012 |title=Port Huron federal Judge Lawrence Zatkoff dies at age 75 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206211450/http://www.thealpenanews.com/page/content.detail/id/781447/Port-Huron-federal-Judge-Lawrence-Zatkoff-dies-at-age-75.html?isap=1&nav=5012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 23 === * [[Abdullah saka Saudi Arabia|Raja Abdullah]] saka [[Saudi Arabia]], 90, Raja wiwit taun 2005, komplikasi pnéumonia.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/22/middleeast/saudi-arabia-king-abdullah-dies/index.html Saudi Arabia's 'reformer' King Abdullah dies]</ref> *[[Ernie Banks]], 83, juru main bisbol AS ([[Chicago Cubs]]), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.mercurynews.com/sports/ci_27383742/mr-cub-ernie-banks-dies-at-83 'Mr. Cub' Ernie Banks dies at 83]</ref> *[[Jalynn Bennett]], 71, konsultan lan diréktur korporat Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/jalynn-bennett-pioneering-female-executive-dies-at-71/article22636608/ Jalynn Bennett, pioneering female executive, dies at 71]</ref> *[[Betty Jane Diener]], 74, pulitikus AS, Mantri Perdagangan Virginia (1982–1986), fibrosis paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/betty-jane-diener-blunt-virginia-secretary-of-commerce-in-1980s-dies/2015/02/17/6976cac4-b621-11e4-a200-c008a01a6692_story.html Betty Jane Diener, blunt Virginia secretary of commerce in 1980s, dies]</ref> *[[Marc Dufour]], 73, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[New York Rangers]], [[Los Angeles Kings]]).<ref>[http://www.richardphilibert.ca/blog-single.php?id=1685 Dufour, M. Marc] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Prosper Ego]], 87, aktivis Walanda, pangadeg [[Oud-Strijders Legioen]].<ref>[http://www.refoportaal.nl/nieuws/details/15305/OSL-oprichter_P.J.G.A._Ego_overleden/ OSL-oprichter P.J.G.A. Ego overleden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001350/http://www.refoportaal.nl/nieuws/details/15305/OSL-oprichter_P.J.G.A._Ego_overleden/ |date=2016-03-04 }} {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Nol Heijerman]], 74, juru main bal-balan Walanda ([[Sparta Rotterdam|Sparta]]).<ref>[http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1434/Sparta-Rotterdam/article/detail/3836758/2015/01/24/Beatle-van-Sparta-Nol-Heijerman-overleden.dhtml 'Beatle van Sparta' Nol Heijerman overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Simma Holt]], 92, wartawan lan pulitikus Kanadha, anggota DPRD [[Vancouver Kingsway]] (1974–1979).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/1219255-i-was-born-to-care-the-legendary-simma-holt-dies-at-92/ |title=‘I was born to care': The Legendary Simma Holt Dies at 92 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727161258/http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/1219255-i-was-born-to-care-the-legendary-simma-holt-dies-at-92/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Barrie Ingham]], 82, aktris Inggris (''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[A Challenge for Robin Hood]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/events/performing-arts/barrie-ingham-actor-and-voice-of-great-mouse-detec/njwfS/ |title=Barrie Ingham, actor and voice of ‘Great Mouse Detective,’ dies at 83 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215112727/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/events/performing-arts/barrie-ingham-actor-and-voice-of-great-mouse-detec/njwfS/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Nick Koback]], 79, juru main bisbol AS ([[Pittsburgh Pirates]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/hartfordcourant/obituary.aspx?n=Nicholas-N-Koback&pid=173964694 Nicholas N. Koback obituary]</ref> *[[Svein Døvle Larssen]], 86, panyunting koran Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.tb.no/Redakt_rlegende_er_d_d-5-76-21492.html Redaktørlegende er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Alexander Lastin]], 38, ''grandmaster'' catur Ruslan.<ref>[http://chess-news.ru/en/node/17945 Alexander Lastin Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Pedro Lemebel]], 62, panulis Chile, kanker telak.<ref>[http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/surreal-end-unforgettable-queen-pedro-lemebel-1952-2015 A Surreal End for an Unforgettable Queen: Pedro Lemebel, 1952-2015]</ref> *[[Les McMahon]], 84, pulitikus Australia, anggota DPR [[Australia]] kanggo [[Sydney]] (1975&ndash;1983).<ref>[http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;orderBy=customrank;page=0;query=james%20mcmahon;rec=1;resCount=Default CONDOLENCES: McMahon, Mr James Leslie (Les)]</ref> *[[Bud Miller]], 91, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota DPRD [[Alberta]] (1971–1986).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/edmontonjournal/obituary.aspx?pid=173979561 James "Bud" MILLER Notice]</ref> *[[M. S. Narayana]], 63, aktor Telugu filem India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.25cineframes.com/official-death-news-m-s-narayana-garu-passes-away-he-is-no-more.html |title=Official Death News : M S Narayana Garu passes away he is no more |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220049/http://www.25cineframes.com/official-death-news-m-s-narayana-garu-passes-away-he-is-no-more.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jackie Selebi]], 64, prawira pulisi Afrika Kidul, Komisaris Pulisi (2000–2009), lelara ginjel.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/23/us-safrica-selebi-idUSKBN0KW10F20150123 Disgraced former South Africa police chief Selebi dies]</ref> *[[Frank Sims]], 93, pambiwara bisbol AS.<ref>[http://obits.ocregister.com/obituaries/orangecounty/obituary.aspx?n=frank-j-sims&pid=174013101&eid=sp_ommatch&eid=sp_ommatch FRANK J. SIMS]</ref> === 24 === *[[Stig Bergling]], 77, prawira dines intèlijèn Swèdhen sing didakwa olèhé cidra; lelara Parkinson lan paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/stig-bergling-spy-who-gave-the-soviets-thousands-of-documents-and-made-an-escape-which-caused-a-scandal-in-sweden-10014831.html Stig Bergling: Spy who gave the Soviets thousands of documents and made an escape which caused a scandal in Sweden]</ref> *[[Robert Bonnaventure]], 94, juru balap pit Prancis.<ref>[http://veloquercy.over-blog.com/article-deces-de-robert-bonnaventure-125431601.html Décès de Robert Bonnaventure] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Peter Bridges (pastur)|Peter Bridges]], 89, pastur Anglikan Britania, Dékan Agung Southend (1972–1977), Coventry (1977–1983) and Warwick (1983–1990). *[[Link Byfield]], 63, panulis kolom Kanadha aliran konservatif, pulitikus lan pambabar, kanker lèver lan gulu.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/link-byfield-columnist-politician-and-publisher-dead-at-63-1.2931321 Link Byfield, columnist, politician and publisher, dead at 63]</ref> *[[Julio Canessa]], 89, pulitikus lan Jèndral Chile, anggota Pamaréntah Junta Chile (1983–1985), Sénator (1998–2006).<ref>[http://www.24horas.cl/nacional/fallece-julio-canessa-miembro-de-la-junta-militar-y-senador-designado-1565661 Fallece Julio Canessa, miembro de la Junta Militar y senador designado] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Otto Carius]], 92, pamimpir tank Jerman nalika Perang Donya II.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ftr.wot-news.com/2015/01/24/otto-carius-passed-away/ |title=Otto Carius Passed Away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126224430/http://ftr.wot-news.com/2015/01/24/otto-carius-passed-away/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Maria Cerra]], 96, juru main anggar AS ([[Olimpiade Mangsa Panas 1948]]).<ref>[http://www.northjersey.com/news/maria-cerra-tishman-olympic-fencer-and-teacher-in-oakland-dies-at-96-1.1259376 Maria Cerra Tishman, Olympic fencer and teacher in Oakland, dies at 96]</ref> *[[Aisha Choudhary]], panulis lan pawicara motivasional India.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/pendrive-remembering-aisha-chaudhary/ Pendrive Remembering Aisha Chaudhary]</ref> *[[Toller Cranston]], 65, juru main sekat Kanadha, pamenang medali prunggu Olimpiade (Olimpiade Mangsa Atis 1976), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.thestar.com/sports/2015/01/24/toller-cranston-figure-skating-legend-dies-in-mexico-at-age-65.html Toller Cranston, figure skating legend, dies in Mexico at age 65]</ref> *[[Maria Della Costa]], 89, aktris Brazilia (''[[Brasileiras e Brasileiros]]''), edema paru-paru.<ref>[http://g1.globo.com/jornal-nacional/noticia/2015/01/atriz-maria-della-costa-morre-aos-89-anos-no-rio.html Atriz Maria Della Costa morre aos 89 anos no Rio] {{pt icon}}</ref> *[[Floyd Dunn]], 90, insinyur listrik AS.<ref>[http://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/2015-01-28/floyd-dunn.html Floyd Dunn]</ref> *[[Johan Ferner]], 87, palaut Nurwègen, pamenang medali pirak (1952).<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/1952-olympic-silver-medalist-ferner-dies-114340824.html 1952 Olympic silver medalist Ferner dies]</ref> *[[Eric Fitzgibbon]], 78, pulitikus Australia, anggota Parlemèn Australia kanggo Hunter (1984–1996).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theherald.com.au/story/2838598/tributes-for-former-hunter-mp-eric-fitzgibbon/ |title=Tributes for former Hunter MP Eric Fitzgibbon, dead at 78 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807083217/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/2838598/tributes-for-former-hunter-mp-eric-fitzgibbon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Joe Franklin]], 88, pambiwara radio lan TV AS, kanker prostat.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/joe-franklin-dead-88-article-1.2090911 Joe Franklin 'King of Nostalgia' dead at 88]</ref> *[[Sir David Graaff, 3rd Baronet]], 74, pangusaha anggur (minuman) Afrika Kidul.<ref>[http://www.wine.co.za/news/news.aspx?NEWSID=26193 Sir David Graaff owner of De Grendel: RIP]</ref> *[[Muhammad Ibrahim Habsade]], 62, pulitikus lan prajurit ngraman Somalia, diabétes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/1546/somalia-federal-mp-dies-in-mogadishu |title=Somalia: Federal MP dies in Mogadishu |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044753/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/1546/somalia-federal-mp-dies-in-mogadishu |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Frances Lennon]], 102, artis Britania.<ref>[http://www.messengernewspapers.co.uk/news/11759286.Frances_Lennon___popular_and_prolific_Trafford_artist_dies/ Frances Lennon - popular and prolific Trafford artist dies]</ref> *[[V. S. Raghavan]], 90, aktor Tamil India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kollytalk.com/cinenews/veteran-actor-vs-raghavan-passes-away-90-214350.html |title=Veteran actor VS Raghavan passes away at 90 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2016-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226042254/http://www.kollytalk.com/cinenews/veteran-actor-vs-raghavan-passes-away-90-214350.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Alfred H. Savage]], 84, pagawé nagara Kananda, manajer [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (1981–1987).<ref>[http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/01/29/obituary-former-ttc-chief-alfred-savage-launched-the-scarborough-rt.html Obituary Former TTC chief Alfred Savage launched the Scarborough RT]</ref> *[[Joan Serra]], 87, juru main polo banyu Olimpiade Spanyol (1948, 1952).<ref>[http://www.mundodeportivo.com/20150124/waterpolo/fallece-joan-serra-portero-espanol-en-los-jjoo-de-londres-48-y-helsinki-52_54424771817.html Fallece Joan Serra, portero español en los JJOO de Londres'48 y Helsinki'52] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Fred Shank]], 74, ahli nutrisi AS.<ref>[http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Fred-Shank&lc=7535&pid=173988339&mid=6297917 In Memory of Fred Ross Shank II]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Daniel R. Simpson]], 87, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD lan Sénat [[North Carolina]], pikun.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/newsobserver/obituary.aspx?pid=173964185 Dan Simpson Obituary]</ref> *[[Peter Westervelt]], 95, fisikawan AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/providence/obituary-preview.aspx?n=peter-westervelt&pid=174067145&referrer=519 Peter Westervelt Obituary]</ref> *[[Tengku Intan Zaharah]], 86, bangsawan Malaysia, [[Raja Permaisuri Agong]] (1965–1970).<ref>[http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v7/bm/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1103551 Tengku Ampuan Tua Terengganu Tengku Intan Zaharah Mangkat] {{ms icon}}</ref> === 25 === *[[Zulkifli Abdhir]], 48-49, téroris lan wong nggawé bom saka Malaysia, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/wanted-al-qaeda-linked-islamist-believed-dead-philippines-raid-fbi-n300116 Wanted Al Qaeda-Linked Islamist Believed Dead in Philippines Raid: FBI]</ref> *[[Robert Atkinson (businessman)|Sir Robert Atkinson]], 98, pangusaha Britania lan prawira angkatan sagara.<ref>[http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/obituaries/article4338737.ece Sir Robert Atkinson]</ref> *[[Rose Cabat]], 100, ahli keramik studio AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/tucson/obituary.aspx?pid=173992736 Rose Cabat Obituary]</ref> *[[Mari Ellis]], 101, panulis Britania lan aktivis hak-hak wanita.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/mari-ellis-writer-who-worked-for-the-new-wales-union-and-championed-womens-rights-10109209.html Mari Ellis: Writer who worked for the New Wales Union and championed women’s rights]</ref> *[[Pauline Fisk]], 66, panulis Britania, kanker.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/feb/26/pauline-fisk Pauline Fisk obituary]</ref> *[[Demetrio González]], 87, aktor Mèksiko kalairan Spanyol (''[[Dos Corazones y un Cielo]]'') lan panyanyi, komplikasi setruk.<ref>[http://www.aztecanoticias.com.mx/notas/entretenimiento/211518/muere-demetrio-gonzalez-el-charro-espanol Muere Demetrio González "El Charro Español"] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Pierre Gosnat]], 66, pulitikus Prancis, kanker.<ref>[http://www.leparisien.fr/diaporama/en-images-ivry-l-adieu-a-pierre-gosnat-31-01-2015-4495363.php?pic=2#contTitre EN IMAGES. Ivry : l'adieu à Pierre Gosnat] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Godfrey Kalimugogo]], 71, panulis Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/OpEdColumnists/MuniiniMulera/Kalimugogo-inspired-us-in-life--challenges-us-in-death/-/878676/2603016/-/cat7nez/-/index.html |title=Kalimugogo inspired us in life, challenges us in death |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206211729/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/OpEdColumnists/MuniiniMulera/Kalimugogo-inspired-us-in-life--challenges-us-in-death/-/878676/2603016/-/cat7nez/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[John Leggett]], 97, panulis AS, direktur [[Iowa Writers' Workshop]], pneumonia.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-john-leggett-20150201-story.html John 'Jack' Leggett, mentor of emerging authors, dies at 97]</ref> *[[Giancarlo Ligabue]], 83, ahli paléontologi Italia (panemu [[Ligabueino]]), pangusaha lan pulitikus [[Forza Europa]].<ref>[http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Addio-a-Giancarlo-Ligabue-Venezia-piange-il-celebre-imprenditore-e-paleontologo-488ca869-af8e-4b83-80d1-4a43d2beccbd.html Addio a giancarlo ligabue: venezia piange il celebre imprenditore e paleontologo] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Sarojini Mahishi]], 88, pulitikus lan juru alihbasa India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Ex-Union-Minister-Sarojini-Mahishi-Passes-Away/2015/01/26/article2637280.ece |title=Ex-Union Minister Sarojini Mahishi Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142026/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Ex-Union-Minister-Sarojini-Mahishi-Passes-Away/2015/01/26/article2637280.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Richard McBrien]], 78, pastur lan ahli téologi Katulik Roma saka AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ncronline.org/news/people/fr-richard-mcbrien-theologian-has-died |title=Fr. Richard McBrien, theologian, has died |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127193830/http://ncronline.org/news/people/fr-richard-mcbrien-theologian-has-died |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bill Monbouquette]], 78, juru main bisbol AS ([[Boston Red Sox]]).<ref>[http://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2015/01/26/former-red-sox-pitcher-ben-monbouquette-dies/sXeMPgSs04iSUOdFEyz75O/story.html Former Red Sox pitcher Bill Monbouquette dies at 78]</ref> *[[Don O'Hearn]], 86, juru main ès hoki Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/2015/01/27/sports-community-mourns-loss-of-nip-ohearn Sports community mourns loss of Nip O'Hearn]</ref> *[[Demis Roussos]], 68, panyanyi Yunani kalairan Mesir ("[[Forever and Ever (lagu Demis Roussos)|Forever and Ever]]").<ref>[http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/01/26/famous-greek-singer-demis-roussos-dies-dead/ Famous Greek Singer Demis Roussos Dies at 68]</ref> *[[Ian Towers]], 74, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]], [[Oldham Athletic]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.burnleyexpress.net/news/local/ex-claret-ian-towers-dies-1-7071177 |title=Ex Claret Ian Towers dies |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206212549/http://www.burnleyexpress.net/news/local/ex-claret-ian-towers-dies-1-7071177 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ernst Träger]], 88, kakim Jerman.<ref>[http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2015/bvg15-006.html Der ehemalige Richter des Bundesverfassungsgerichts Ernst Träger ist verstorben] {{de icon}}</ref> === 26 === *[[R. J. Adams]], 72, aktor AS (''[[Rocky IV]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://radioinsight.com/community/topic/bob-shannon-has-died/ |title=Bob Shannon has died |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414000154/http://radioinsight.com/community/topic/bob-shannon-has-died/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Henk Bloemers]], 69, juru main bal-balan Walanda ([[FC Eindhoven]]).<ref>[http://www.ed.nl/sport/voetbal/fc-eindhoven/mister-evv-henk-bloemers-69-overleden-1.4733602 'Mister EVV' Henk Bloemers (69) overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Miguel Ángel Cascallana]], 66, juru main bal tangan Olimpiade Spanyol (1972).<ref>[http://www.larazon.es/detalle_normal/noticias/8549768/deportes+balonmano/fallece-el-ex-internacional-de-balonmano-miguel-angel-cascallana#.Ttt18gXiXhCa9Si Fallece el ex internacional de balonmano Miguel Ángel Cascallana] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Edwin A. Colvin]], 87, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Vermont]] (1975–1982).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/rutlandherald/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=173990386 Edwin Colvin Obituary]</ref> *[[Cleven "Goodie" Goudeau]], 83, seniman kartu ucapan AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/news/ci_27395442/vallejos-art-icon-goodie-goudeau-dies-at-84 |title=Vallejo's art icon Goodie Goudeau dies at 83 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206225828/http://www.contracostatimes.com/news/ci_27395442/vallejos-art-icon-goodie-goudeau-dies-at-84 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Howard C. Hawkins]], 82, produsèn piranti pit AS ([[Park Tool]]).<ref>[http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27405034/twin-cities-bike-repair-pioneer-howard-hawkins-dies Twin Cities bike repair pioneer Howard Hawkins dies at 82]</ref> *[[Stephen R. Johnson]], 63, sutradara TV lan vidéo klip AS ("[[Sledgehammer (lagu Peter Gabriel)|Sledgehammer]]").<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?pid=174043763 Stephen R. Johnson Obituary]</ref> *[[Begum Kulsum Saifullah Khan]], 91, pangusaha lan pulitikus Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-298378-Begum-Kulsum-Saifullah-passes-away |title=Begum Kulsum Saifullah passes away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028071648/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-298378-Begum-Kulsum-Saifullah-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[R. K. Laxman]], 93, ahli gambar kartun India, ilustrator lan humoris, gagal sawetara organ awak.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Eminent-cartoonist-RK-Laxman-dies-at-94/articleshow/46021781.cms Eminent cartoonist RK Laxman dies at 94]</ref> *[[Neil Levang]], 83, musikus AS (''[[The Lawrence Welk Show]]'').<ref>[http://www.vintageguitar.com/20094/noted-guitarist-neil-levang-passes/ Noted Guitarist Neil LeVang Passes]</ref> *[[Lucjan Lis]], 64, pambalap pit Polen, pamenang medali pirak Olimpiade (1972).<ref>[http://sport.wp.pl/kat,1848,title,Nie-zyje-legenda-polskiego-kolarstwa,wid,17213700,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=1143e6 Nie żyje legenda polskiego kolarstwa] {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[Lester McCumbers]], 93, juru main piyul AS.<ref>[http://www.newsandsentinel.com/page/content.detail/id/603642/Lester-Virgil-McCumbers.html?nav=5062 Lester Virgil McCumbers]</ref> *[[Sidewalk Sam]], 75, seniman AS.<ref>[http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/01/27/sidewalk-sam-boston-street-artist-robert-guillemin-created-murals-and-magic-city-walkways/4rjhqwEvn8BbUtMW4VLT7K/story.html Sidewalk Sam, artist who turned streets into canvas, dies at 75]</ref> *[[Lee Spick]], 34, juru main ''snooker'' Inggris, lelara lèver.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/article/663/9681483/snookers-lee-spick-dies-aged-34 |title=Snooker's Spick dies, aged 34 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129050122/http://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/article/663/9681483/snookers-lee-spick-dies-aged-34 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Charles Thomas (athlete)|Charles Thomas]], 82, atlit lumayu AS lan palatih atlètik.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.texassports.com/news/2015/1/28/XC_TF_0128150814.aspx |title=Former Longhorn great Thomas passes away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929134820/http://texassports.com/news/2015/1/28/XC_TF_0128150814.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Tom Uren]], 93, pulitikus Australia, anggota Parlemèn Australia kanggo [[Reid]] (1958–1990).<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-26/tom-uren-former-whitlam-minister-dead/6046340 Former Whitlam minister and deputy Labor leader Tom Uren dies aged 93]</ref> *[[Rositsa Yanakieva]], 60, pulitikus lan kimiawan Bulgaria, wakil pangrèh Parlemèn Bulgaria (wiwit 2014), weton getih sajeroning polo.<ref>[http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=166161 Bulgaria Deputy Parliament Speaker Dies Aged 60]</ref> === 27 === *[[Wilfred Agbonavbare]], 48, juru main bal-balan Nigéria ([[Rayo Vallecano]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Nigéria]]), kanker.<ref>[http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/01/27/primera/1422351508_840231.html Fallece Wilfred Agbonavbare, el exportero del Rayo Vallecano] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Rafael Corrales Ayala]], 89, pulitikus Mèksiko, anggota parlemèn [[Guanajuato]] (1949–1952, 1979–1982), Gubernur Guanajuato (1985–1991).<ref>[http://www.am.com.mx/leon/local/fallece-rafael-corrales-ayala-176423.html Fallece Rafael Corrales Ayala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206222257/http://www.am.com.mx/leon/local/fallece-rafael-corrales-ayala-176423.html |date=2015-02-06 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Rocky Bridges]], 87, juru main bisbol AS ([[Cincinnati Reds]], [[Minnesota Twins|Washington Senators]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.spokesman.com/stories/2015/jan/29/rocky-bridges-career-baseball-man-dies-coeur-dalen/ |title=Former Dodger, Rocky Bridges, dies in Coeur d’Alene |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202041808/http://m.spokesman.com/stories/2015/jan/29/rocky-bridges-career-baseball-man-dies-coeur-dalen/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harriet Elizabeth Byrd]], 88, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD (1981–1988) lan Sénat [[Wyoming]] (1988–1992).<ref>[http://www.wyomingnews.com/articles/2015/01/29/news/01top_01-29-15.txt#.VMsWdZ3F-AU "Liz" Byrd, first black woman in Wyoming House, dies at 88"]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Arturo Carmassi]], 89, ahli natah patung lan palukis Italia.<ref>[http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/empoli/cronaca/2015/01/27/news/scomparso-lo-scultore-di-eloisa-1.10747968 Scomparso lo scultore di Eloisa] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Roger Cowley]], 75, fisikawan Inggris.<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/notices-2015/ Professor Roger Arthur Cowley FRS]</ref> *[[Suzette Haden Elgin]], 78, linguis lan panulis fiksi ngèlmiah AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sfsite.com/news/2015/01/28/obituary-suzette-haden-elgin/ |title=Obituary Suzette Haden Elgin |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130152812/https://www.sfsite.com/news/2015/01/28/obituary-suzette-haden-elgin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Henk Faanhof]], 92, pambalap pit Olimpiade Walanda (1948).<ref>[http://www.nu.nl/sport/3980946/oudste-nederlandse-tourrenner-faanhof-92-overleden.html Oudste Nederlandse Tourrenner Faanhof (92) overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Roy Francis (prawira AL Britania)|Roy Francis]], 92, prawira angkatan sagara lan insiyur pasepuran Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/many_pay_respects_to_a_true_norfolk_hero_1_3956513 |title=Many pay respects to a true Norfolk hero |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023840/http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/many_pay_respects_to_a_true_norfolk_hero_1_3956513 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ebbe Grims-land]], 99, komponis lan juru main piyul Swèdhen.<ref>[http://www.minnessidor.fonus.se/memorial_page_personal_info.php?memorial_page_id=433374&cat=Profile&sign=d37aa490035e02b50fdedac62c515edd In Memoriam - Fonus] {{sv icon}}</ref> *[[Warren Hill (narapidana)|Warren Hill]], 54, durjana rajapati AS, dièksekusi mawa suntikan fatal.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/27/supreme-court-georgia-execution-warren-hill Georgia executes inmate Warren Hill after supreme court refuses stay]</ref> *[[Vladimir-Georg Karassev-Orgusaar]], 83, sutradara filem Èstonia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://coldwarradios.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/in-memory-of-man-they-just-couldnt-gag.html |title=In Memory of a Man they Just Couldn’t Gag: Vladimir-Georg Karassev-Orgusaar (1931-2015), RIP |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930191111/http://coldwarradios.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/in-memory-of-man-they-just-couldnt-gag.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[David Landau (wartawan)|David Landau]], 67, wartawan Israèl kalairan Britania lan éditor (''[[Haaretz]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thejc.com/news/israel-news/128967/former-haaretz-editor-chief-david-landau-dies-aged-67 |title=Former Haaretz editor-in-chief David Landau dies aged 67 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2016-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323074847/http://www.thejc.com/news/israel-news/128967/former-haaretz-editor-chief-david-landau-dies-aged-67 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[John T. Myers (anggota congress)|John T. Myers]], 87, pulitikus AS, anggota Parlemèn AS kanggo [[Indiana]] (1967–1997).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/290007271.html |title=US Rep. John Myers, a Republican who represented western Indiana for 15 terms, dies at 87 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206213421/http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/290007271.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ronnie O'Reilly]], 63, wasit kriket Irlandia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES2015/articles/000026/002683.shtml |title=Death of Ronnie O'Reilly |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211110137/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES2015/articles/000026/002683.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[José Pereira (ngèlmuwan India)|José Pereira]], 84, seniman, sajarawan, nimpuna [[basa Sangskreta]] India.<ref>[http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=5544 Sanskrit scholar & historian Dr Jose Pereira passes away in USA]</ref> *[[Joe Rígoli]], 78, aktor lan palawak Argèntina (''[[Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez]]''), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.elmundo.es/cultura/2015/01/27/54c7accbca47418f708b456f.html Muere Joe Rígoli, actor cómico argentino con carrera en la España de la Transición] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Joseph Rotman]], 80, pangusaha lan tokoh filantropi Kanadha, kanselir [[Universitas Western Ontario]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2015/01/27/22203951.html |title=Toronto businessman, philanthropist Joseph L. Rotman dead at 80 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-27 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150127232932/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2015/01/27/22203951.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Al Severinsen]], 70, juru main bisbol AS ([[Baltimore Orioles]], [[San Diego Padres]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/theday/obituary.aspx?n=Al-Severinsen&pid=174019977 Al Severinsen Obituary]</ref> *[[Bob Shea]], 90, juru main baskèt AS ([[Providence Steamrollers]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thewesterlysun/obituary.aspx?pid=174016171 Robert Francis Shea Obituary]</ref> *[[Charles H. Townes]], 99, fisikawan AS, pamenang Bebungah Nobel ing Fisika (1964).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/01/27/nobel-laureate-and-laser-inventor-charles-townes-dies-at-99/ |title=Nobel laureate and laser inventor Charles Townes dies at 99 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128110636/http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/01/27/nobel-laureate-and-laser-inventor-charles-townes-dies-at-99/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gunnar Christie Wasberg]], 91, panulis non-fiksi Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Gunnar-Christie-Wasberg-7885459.html Nekrolog: Gunnar Christie Wasberg] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Charlie Williams (pitcher)|Charlie Williams]], 67, juru main bisbol AS ([[New York Mets]], [[San Francisco Giants]]), kompliksi bedhah jantung.<ref>[http://www.news-journalonline.com/article/20150128/SPORTS/150129440?Title=Charlie-Williams-the-man-who-was-traded-for-Willie-Mays-dies Charlie Williams, the man who was traded for Willie Mays, dies]</ref> *[[Larry Winters]], 58, palatih lan juru main gulat profèsional AS, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.prowrestling.net/article.php?D.C.-Drake-remembers-the-late-Larry-Winters-40696 D.C. Drake remembers the late Larry Winters]</ref> === 28 === *[[Suraj Abdurrahman]], 60, prawira Angkatan Dharat Nigéria.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501291077.html Liberia: Former Liberian Army Chief, Abdurrahman, Dies in New York]</ref> *[[Egon Adler]], 77, pambalap pit Jerman.<ref>[http://www.lvz-trauer.de/traueranzeige/egon-adler/40661930 Egon Adler Traueranzeige] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Arthur Lawrence Alarcon]], 89, kakim féderal AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/absolutenm/articlefiles/788-Obit_Judge_Arthur_L_Alarcon.pdf |title=Court of Appeals Mourns Passing of Senior Circuit Judge Arthur L. Alarcón |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201401/http://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/absolutenm/articlefiles/788-Obit_Judge_Arthur_L_Alarcon.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Mala Aravindan]], 76, aktor Malayalam India.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/actor-mala-aravindan-is-dead/ Malayalam actor Mala Aravindan dead]</ref> *[[Francis Bennion]], 92, pangacara Britania.<ref>"Deaths", ''The Times'', 17 February 2015, p. 57.</ref> *[[Alberto Cardaccio]], 65, juru main bal-balan Uruguay ([[Danubio F.C.|Danubio]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Uruguay]]), tabrakan lalu-lintas.<ref>[http://www.racingclub.com.ar/club/nota/2015/01/3747_racing-lamenta-el-fallecimiento-de-alberto-cardaccio/ Racing lamenta el fallecimiento de Alberto Cardaccio] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Yves Chauvin]], 84, pamenang Bebungah Nobel Kimia saka Prancis kalairan Bèlgia (2005).<ref>[http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2015/01/chemistry-nobel-laureate-yves-chauvin-dies-olefin-metathesis Chemistry Nobel laureate Yves Chauvin dies aged 84]</ref> *[[Lionel Gilbert]], 90, sajarawan, panulis, kurator, guru lan panulis biografi Australia.<ref>[http://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/smh-au/obituary.aspx?n=lionel-gilbert&pid=174012808 Lionel GILBERT]</ref> *[[Don Jones]], 91, seniman lan ahli térapi AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/dispatch/obituary.aspx?pid=174079152 Donald L. Jones Obituary]</ref> *[[Tommie Manderson]], 102, seniman paès rai Britania (''[[Willow (filem)|Willow]]'', ''[[Alien (filem)|Alien]]'', ''[[The Killing Fields (filem)|The Killing Fields]]'').<ref>[http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/obituaries/article4355150.ece The Times Obituaries - Tommie Manderson].</ref> *[[Beric Morley]], 71, sajarawan arsitèktur Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://announce.jpress.co.uk/leightonbuzzardonlinecouk/obituary/beric-morley/40620448 |title=Beric Morley Obituary |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-11-16 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20151116064854/http://announce.jpress.co.uk/leightonbuzzardonlinecouk/obituary/beric-morley/40620448 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Neyko Nenov]], 53, Jèndral Bulgaria, Wakil Panglima Patahanan (wiwit 2014), tumor polo.<ref>[http://www.novinite.com/articles/166224/Bulgaria's+Deputy+Chief+of+Defense+Dies+Aged+53 Bulgaria's Deputy Chief of Defense Dies Aged 53]</ref> *[[Charles B. Peatross]], 74, ahli kukum AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=charles-b-peatross&pid=174007158&fhid=6593 Judge Charles B. Peatross]</ref> *[[Jaswant Singh Rajput]], 88, juru main hoki lapangan India, jawara Olimpiade (1948).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://post.jagran.com/hockey-olympian-jaswant-singh-rajput-passes-away-1422444266 |title=Hockey Olympian Jaswant Singh Rajput passes away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010023127/http://post.jagran.com/hockey-olympian-jaswant-singh-rajput-passes-away-1422444266 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Edward Saylor]], 94, vètèran Perang Donya II AS, anggota [[Doolittle's Raiders]].<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/01/29/one-of-last-doolittle-raiders-dies-at-94/22553233/ One of the last of the 'Doolittle Raiders' dies at 94]</ref> *[[Katharine Worth]], 92, tokoh akadémi Britania.<ref>[https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/dramaandtheatre/news/newsarticles/2014-15/katharineworth1922-2015.aspx Katharine Worth 1922-2015]</ref> === 29 === *[[Maurizio Arcieri]], 72, panyanyi Italia ([[The New Dada]], [[Krisma]]).<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cultura/musica/2015/01/30/addio-ad-arcieri-da-new-dada-a-krisma_91aee14a-51e3-425c-9618-fba53623c6a6.html Addio ad Arcieri, da New Dada a Krisma] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Amparo Baró]], 77, aktris Spanyol (''[[Siete mesas de billar francés]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://www.vertele.com/noticias/muere-a-los-77-anos-la-gran-actriz-amparo-baro Muere a los 77 años la actriz española Amparo Baró] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Subhash Ghisingh]], 78, pulitikus India ([[Gorkha National Liberation Front]]), kanker lèver lan cirrhosis.<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/news/west-bengal/gnlf-founder-subhash-ghisingh-dies_1538438.html GNLF founder Subhash Ghisingh dies]</ref> *[[Walter Glechner]], 75, juru main bal-balan Ostenrik ([[SK Rapid Wien|Rapid Wien]], [[Ostenrik national football team|national team]]).<ref>[http://www.skrapid.at/9610+M55957d0e281.html Trauer um Walter Glechner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201053110/http://www.skrapid.at/9610%20M55957d0e281.html |date=2015-02-01 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Bernice Gordon]], 101, panulis teka-teki silang AS (''[[The New York Times crossword puzzle|The New York Times]]''), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.philly.com/philly/obituaries/20150130_Bernice_Gordon__legendary_crossword_puzzle_writer__dies_at_101.html Bernice Gordon, legendary crossword puzzle writer, dies at 101]</ref> *[[Terry Hollindrake]], 80, juru main rugbi Liga Inggris.<ref>[http://www.keighleynews.co.uk/sport/11769879.Legend_Terry_Hollindrake__made_Keighley_proud_/ Legend Terry Hollindrake 'made Keighley proud']</ref> *[[Taeko Kono]], 88, panulis lan kritikus Jepang, gagal ambegan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mainichi.jp/english/english/features/news/20150130p2g00m0et033000c.html |title=Award-winning writer Kono dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130142723/http://mainichi.jp/english/english/features/news/20150130p2g00m0et033000c.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Cedric Kushner]], 66, promotor tinju AS kalairan Afrika Kidul, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://espn.go.com/boxing/story/_/id/12251155/cedric-kushner-former-heavyweight-promoter-dies-66 Cedric Kushner dies at 66]</ref> *[[Noel Lister]], 87, pangusaha Britania ([[MFI Group]]).<ref>[http://www.iwcp.co.uk/news/news/uksa-founder-noel-lister-dies-74608.aspx UKSA founder Noel Lister dies]</ref> *[[Riichiro Manabe]], 90, komponis Jepang.<ref>[http://www.mst3kinfo.com/?p=19380 RIP Riichiro Manabe]</ref> *[[José Martins da Silva]], 78, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Brazilia, Biskop Agung [[Porto Velho]] (1982–1997).<ref>[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmardsil.html Archbishop José Martins da Silva]</ref> *[[Will McBride (fotografer)|Will McBride]], 84, juru fotografi AS.<ref>[http://www.welt.de/kultur/article136927287/Der-Mann-der-das-wilde-Berlin-entdeckte-ist-tot.html Der Mann, der das wilde Berlin entdeckte, ist tot] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Danny McCulloch]], 69, juru main bas Inggris ([[The Animals]]), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/rip-the-animals-danny-mcculloch-read-a-moving-family-tribute The Animals' Danny McCulloch: Read A Moving Family Tribute]</ref> *[[Colleen McCullough]], 77, panulis Australia (''[[The Thorn Birds]]''), gagal ginjel.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/books/65570040/colleen-mccullough-author-of-the-thorn-birds-dies Colleen McCullough, author of The Thorn Birds, dies]</ref> *[[Rod McKuen]], 81, pujangga AS, panyanyi lan panulis lagu ("[[Jean (lagu)|Jean]]", "[[Seasons in the Sun]]"), mandheg ambegan.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-rod-mckuen-dies-at-81-20150129-story.html Rod McKuen, prolific songwriter and poet, dies at 81]</ref> *[[Kel Nagle]], 94, juru main golf Australia, jawara British Open (1960).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wwos.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8951999 |title=Aussie golf great Nagle dies |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129103957/http://wwos.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8951999 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Paul Panhuysen]], 80, komponis Walanda.<ref>[http://www.ed.nl/regio/eindhoven/aartsvader-geluidskunst-paul-panhuysen-80-overleden-1.4740067 Aartsvader geluidskunst Paul Panhuysen (80) overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Derek S. Pugh]], 84, psikolog Britania lan ahli téyori bisnis.<ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/people/obituaries/derek-pugh-1930-2015/2018680.article Derek Pugh, 1930-2015]</ref> *[[Dora Prince]], 84, aktris Argèntina.<ref>[http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201502/93723-fallecio-la-actriz-dora-prince.html Falleció la actriz Dora Prince] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209014923/http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201502/93723-fallecio-la-actriz-dora-prince.html |date=2019-02-09 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Derek Robertson (juru main bal-balan)|Derek Robertson]], 65, juru main bal-balan Sekotlan ([[St. Johnstone FC|St. Johnstone]]), kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/newsitemsdetail.php?param=3351 |title=Long-Serving Goalkeeper Derek Robertson Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130192349/http://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/newsitemsdetail.php?param=3351 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Doris Schoettler-Boll]], 70, seniman Jerman.<ref>[http://www.atelierhaus-essen.de/DSB_Vita.shtml Doris Schöttler-Boll. Vita] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Tenkoko Sonoda]], 96, pulitikus Jepang, anggota [[Diet Nasional|Diet]] (1946–1952).<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20150129/k10015067091000.html 女性初代議士 園田天光光さん死去] {{ja icon}}</ref> *[[Ole Sørensen (juru main bal-balan)|Ole Sørensen]], 77, juru main bal-balan Dènmark.<ref>[http://www.jv.dk/artikel/1932542:Sport--DOedsfald--En-af-fortidens-fodboldhelte-er-gaaet-bort Dødsfald: En af fortidens fodboldhelte er gået bort] {{dk icon}}</ref> *[[Peter Towe]], 92, diplomat Kanadha, Duta Agung ing Amérikah Sarékat (1977–1981).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?pid=174021664 Peter TOWE Obituary]</ref> *[[Alexander Vraciu]], 96, juru anggegana jawara Angkatan Sagara AS sajeroning Perang Donya II, nampa pangaji [[Navy Cross]].<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/contracostatimes/obituary.aspx?n=alexander-vraciu&pid=174009213& Alexander Vraciu]</ref> *[[Israèl Yinon]], 59, konduktor musik Israèl.<ref>[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/190717 Renowned Israèli Conductor Dies Mid-Concert]</ref> === 30 === *[[Richard Clark Barkley]], 82, diplomat AS, Duta Agung kanggo [[Jerman Wétan]] (1988–1990).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/washingtonpost/obituary.aspx?pid=174050262 RICHARD C. BARKLEY Notice]</ref> *[[Carl Boldt]], 82, juru main baskèt AS ([[San Francisco Dons baskèt lanang|San Francisco Dons]]).<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-carl-boldt-20150203-story.html Carl Boldt, teammate of Bill Russell in NCAA title run, dies at 82]</ref> *[[Ricardo Bressani]], 88, ahli nutrisi Guatemala, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.prensalibre.com/noticias/Ricardo_Bressani_0_1294670741.html Fallece Ricardo Bressani, pionero de la lucha contra la desnutrición] {{es icon}}</ref> * [[Carl Djerassi]], 91, kimiawan Ostenrik-Amérika, panulis novèl lan sandhiwara, kanker lèver lan balung.<ref>[http://forward.com/articles/213863/carl-djerassi-who-helped-discover-birth-control-pi/? Carl Djerassi, Who Helped Discover Birth Control Pill, Dies at 91]</ref> *[[Rose Frisch]], 96, ahli biologi AS.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/12/science/rose-e-frisch-scientist-who-linked-body-fat-to-fertility-dies-at-96.html?ref=obituaries&_r=1 Rose E. Frisch, Scientist Who Linked Body Fat to Fertility, Dies at 96]</ref> *[[Johnny Goodman (prodhuser TV)|Johnny Goodman]], 87, prodhuser TV Britania.<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/johnny-goodman-dead-bafta-chairman-769061 Ex-BAFTA Chairman Johnny Goodman Dies at 87]</ref> *[[Kenji Goto]], 47, wartawan Jepang lan sanderawan [[ISIS]], ditigas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.news.com.au/world/islamic-state-releases-video-claiming-to-behead-japanese-hostage-kenji-goto/story-fndir2ev-1227203841336 |title=Islamic State releases video claiming to behead Japanese hostage Kenji Goto |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023163339/http://www.news.com.au/world/islamic-state-releases-video-claiming-to-behead-japanese-hostage-kenji-goto/story-fndir2ev-1227203841336 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harold Hassall]], 85, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]]).<ref>[http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/sport/11763830.Ex_England_and_Wanderers_striker_Harold_Hassall_passes_away__aged_85/ Ex-England and Wanderers striker Harold Hassall passes away, aged 85]</ref> *[[John Hopkins (aktivis pulitik)|John Hopkins]], 78, fotografer Britania, aktivis, lan promotor ([[Notting Hill Carnival]], ''[[International Times]]'').<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/john-hopkins-charismatic-photographer-activist-and-leading-figure-in-londons-counterculture-of-the-sixties-10021833.html John Hopkins: Charismatic photographer, activist and leading figure in London's counterculture of the Sixties]</ref> *[[Stuart Inder]], 88, wartawan Australia lan panerbit, spésialisasi ing urusan [[Kapuloan Pasifik]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asopa.typepad.com/asopa_people/2015/02/doyen-of-pacific-journalism-stuart-inder-mbe-dies-at-88.html |title=Doyen of Pacific journalism, Stuart Inder MBE, dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214163606/http://asopa.typepad.com/asopa_people/2015/02/doyen-of-pacific-journalism-stuart-inder-mbe-dies-at-88.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ülo Kaevats]], 67, filsuf lan pulitikus Èstonia, Sèkretaris Nagara (1992–1995).<ref>[http://www.ttu.ee/news/news-2/faculties-institutions/ragnar-nurkse-school-of-innovation-and-governance-3/professor-emeritus-ulo-kaevats-has-died/ Professor Emeritus Ülo Kaevats has died]</ref> *[[Jack Kay]], 63, tokoh administrator akadémi AS.<ref>[http://www.heritage.com/articles/2015/02/01/ypsilanti_courier/news/doc54cd2f3ba28d3467098961.txt Former EMU provost and current professor Jack Kay dies at 63]</ref> * [[Geraldine McEwan]], 82, aktris Britania (''[[Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves]]'', ''[[Agatha Christie's Marple]]''), setruk.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11382848/Geraldine-McEwan-actress-obituary.html Geraldine McEwan, actress - obituary]</ref> *[[John McHugh (Ohio)|John McHugh]], 84, pulitikus AS, walikutha [[Toledo, Ohio]] (1990–1993), cancer.<ref>[http://www.toledoblade.com/local/2015/01/30/Former-Toledo-mayor-John-McHugh-dies-at-84.html Former Toledo mayor John McHugh dies at 84]</ref> *[[Howard Norris]], 80, juru main rugbi union Britania (Tim nasional rugbi Wales, [[British and Irish Lions|British Lions]]).<ref>[http://www.espnscrum.com/wales/rugby/story/254445.html Wales and Lions prop Howard Norris dies]</ref> *[[Richard Richards (Utah)|Richard Richards]], 82, pulitikus AS, pangrèh [[Republican National Committee]] (1981–1983).<ref>[http://www.sltrib.com/home/2121671-155/richard-richards-republican-party-icon-dies Richard Richards, Republican Party icon, dies at age 82]</ref> *[[Ben Schadler]], 90, juru main baskèt AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/mercurynews/obituary.aspx?pid=174080237 Bernard (Ben) Schadler]</ref> *[[Jerry L. Smith]], 71, pulitikus AS lan anggota DPRD (1972-1980) lan Sénat (1980-2004) Oklahoma.<ref>[http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/local/longtime-oklahoma-lawmaker-jerry-smith-dies-at/article_38d2e154-ea4b-5a3e-95c2-eefed5fc9c79.html Longtime Oklahoma lawmaker Jerry Smith dies at 71]</ref> *[[Gerrit Voorting]], 92, pambalap profèsional pit Walanda, pamenang medali pirak Olimpiade (1948).<ref>[http://rvmn.nl/obituary-gerrit-voorting/ Obituary Gerrit Voorting]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Than Wyenn]], 95, aktor AS (''[[Imitation of Life (filem taun 1959)|Imitation of Life]], [[Splash (filem)|Splash]], [[Being There]]'').<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?n=Than-Wyenn&pid=174028539 Than Wyenn Obituary]</ref> *[[Zhelyu Zhelev]], 79, pulitikus Bulgaria, Présidèn (1990–1997).<ref>[http://www.novinite.com/articles/166247/Bulgaria's+Former+President+Zhelyu+Zhelev+Dies Bulgaria's Former President Zhelyu Zhelev Dies]</ref> === 31 === *[[Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari]], militan Yémen, serangan drone.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-31147424 Yemen al-Qaeda militant al-Nadhari killed by US drone]</ref> *[[Vasco Bendini]], 93, palukis [[informalisme|informalis]] Italia.<ref>[http://www.artribune.com/2015/01/morto-a-93-anni-vasco-bendini-fra-i-maggiori-pittori-italiani-del-secondo-novecento-un-allievo-di-morandi-poi-protagonista-dellinformale-allitaliana/ Morto a 93 anni Vasco Bendini, fra i maggiori pittori italiani del secondo Novecento] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Robert Blees]], 96, prodhuser lan panulis skénario filem lan TV AS (''[[Cattle Queen of Montana]]'').<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/02/robert-blees-dies-film-tv-writer-producer-1201367122/ Robert Blees, Writer & Producer, Dies At 96]</ref> *[[José Manuel Lara Bosch]], 68, èksekutif média Spanyol, CEO [[Grupo Planeta]] (wiwit 2003) lan [[Atresmedia]] (wiwit 2012), kanker pankréas.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-31/jose-lara-bosch-spanish-médhia-magnate-dies-at-68 Jose Lara Bosch, Spanish Media Magnate, Dies at 68]</ref> *[[Tomás Bulat]], 50, ahli ékonomi lan wartawan Argèntina, tabrakan lalu lintas.<ref>[http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1764735-murio-el-periodista-tomas-bulat-en-un-accidente-de-transito Murió el economista Tomás Bulat en un accidente de tránsito] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723131317/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1764735-murio-el-periodista-tomas-bulat-en-un-accidente-de-transito |date=2015-07-23 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Earl Christensen]], 95, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Wyoming]] (1959–1984).<ref>[http://rapidcityjournal.com/obits/christensen-earl/article_02655c06-0396-5161-ad52-b32795951e80.html Christensen, Earl]</ref> *[[Don Covay]], 76, panyanyi lan panulis lagu R&B AS ("[[Chain of Fools]]").<ref>[http://www.soulwalking.co.uk/Respect.html don covay]</ref> *[[Vic Howe]], 85, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[New York Rangers]]).<ref>[http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=751524 Vic Howe, brother of hockey legend, dies at 85]</ref> *[[William Klinger]], 42, sajarawan Kroasia, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.northjersey.com/news/nypd-after-stay-in-ridgewood-historian-slain-in-queens-1.1263241 NYPD: After stay in Ridgewood, historian slain in Queens]</ref> *[[Udo Lattek]], 80, palatih bal-balan Jerman ([[Bayern München]], [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]]).<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/udo-lattek-football-coach-who-won-the-european-cup-uefa-cup-and-cupwinners-cup-with-three-different-clubs-10220305.html Udo Lattek: Football coach who won the European Cup, Uefa Cup and Cup-Winners' Cup with three different clubs]</ref> *[[Adalberto Arturo Rosat]], 81, rohaniawan Bolivia kalairan Italia, Biskop [[Aiquile]] (1986–2009).<ref>[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/brosat.html Bishop Adalberto Arturo Rosat]</ref> *[[Michael Saward]], 82, pastur Anglikan lan panulis lagu himne Britania.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11384795/Canon-Michael-Saward-clergyman-obituary.html Canon Michael Saward, clergyman - obituary]</ref> *[[Lizabeth Scott]], 92, aktris AS (''[[Dead Reckoning (filem)|Dead Reckoning]]'').<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/feb/06/lizabeth-scott Lizabeth Scott obituary]</ref> *[[Richard von Weizsäcker]], 94, pulitikus Jerman, Présidèn [[Jerman Kulon]] (1984–1990) lan [[Jerman]] (1990–1994).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/01/31/uk-germany-weizsaecker-idUKKBN0L40F720150131 |title=Germany's von Weizsaecker, president at unification, dies at 94 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201001203/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/01/31/uk-germany-weizsaecker-idUKKBN0L40F720150131 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist|3}} [[Kategori:Pati 2015]] [[Kategori:2015]] 3h8u0p7d2mjvnhccjn4s6p8z6xi0052 0 134335 1748915 1645509 2026-05-13T12:42:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748915 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Infobox starts !--> {{Infobox settlement | name = Lagos | official_name = Lagos Metropolitan Area <br> {{unbulleted list|item_style=font-size:85%; |{{native name|yo|Ìlú Èkó}}}} | native_name ={{unbulleted list|item_style=font-size:85%; |Èkó}} | type = Metropolis | image_skyline = | imagesize = 300px | image_caption = Searah jarum jam dari atas: [[Pulau Victoria, Lagos|Pulau Victoria]] dari Teluk Guinea, [[Lekki-Ikoyi Link Bridge]], [[Apapa|Apapa Port]], [[National Arts Theatre|National Arts Theatre, Iganmu]], [[Ikeja City Mall|The Ikeja City Mall]], dan [[Pulau Lagos|The Lagos Island CBD]]. | image_flag = | image_seal = | nickname = '''Lasgidi'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://premiumtimesng.com/sports/5817-18th-national-sports-festival-lagos-unveils-logo-mascot-and-website.html|title=18th National Sports Festival: Lagos unveils Logo, mascot and website|date=18 Juni 2012|work=[[Premium Times]]|accessdate=2 Oktober 2012|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/eko-2012-building-branding-through-sports/122890/|title=Eko 2012: Building Branding through Sports, Articles|date=22 Agustus 2012|work=[[ThisDay]]|accessdate=2 Oktober 2012|location=Lagos, Nigeria|archive-date=2013-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224112111/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/eko-2012-building-branding-through-sports/122890/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | motto = Èkó ò ní bàjé o! | image_map = Location of Lagos.png | map_caption = Lagos dalam [[Lagos (praja Nigeria)|Negara Pérangan Lagos]] | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Lagos di Nigeria | latd = 6.455027 | longd = 3.384082 | coordinates_display = title | coordinates_region = NG | subdivision_type = Negara | subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Pratélan praja di Nigeria|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Lagos (praja Nigeria)|Negara Pérangan Lagos]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA(s)]]{{refn|group=note|Metropolitan Lagos terdiri dari 16 dari 20 LGA di Negara Pérangan Lagos, yang tidak mencakup: [[Badagry]], [[Epe, Lagos State|Epe]], [[Ibeju-Lekki]] dan [[Ikorodu]].<ref name="metrolagospop">{{cite web | url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/nigeria-metrolagos.php | title=Metro Lagos (Nigeria): Local Government Areas | publisher=City Population | date=21 Maret 2015 | accessdate=26 Oktober 2015}}</ref><ref name="metropolitan Lagos">{{cite web | url=https://ng.boell.org/2015/07/02/lagos-and-its-potentials-economic-growth | title=Lagos and Its Potentials for Economic Growth | date=2 Juli 2015 | accessdate=26 Oktober 2015}}</ref>}} | subdivision_name2 = {{collapsible list|title=Pratélan |'''Pulau'''<hr>[[Amuwo-Odofin]]<br>[[Apapa]]<br>[[Eti-Osa]]<br>[[Lagos Island]]<br>'''Daratan utama'''<hr>[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]]<br>[[Lagos Mainland]]<br>[[Surulere]]<br>'''Suburban'''<hr>[[Agege]]<br>[[Alimosho]]<br>[[Ifako-Ijaiye]]<br>[[Ikeja]]<br>[[Kosofe]]<br>[[Mushin, Lagos|Mushin]]<br>[[Ojo, Lagos State|Ojo]]<br>[[Oshodi-Isolo]]<br>[[Shomolu]] |}} | established_title = Dihuni | established_date = Abad kaping 15 | founder = Subgrup [[Suku Awori|Awori]] dari [[Bangsa Yoruba|Yoruba]] | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_title1 = [[Oba dari Lagos|Oba]] | leader_name1 = [[Rilwan Akiolu]] I | area_footnotes = <ref name="metrolagospop"/> | area_total_km2 = 1171.28 | area_land_km2 = 999.6 | area_water_km2 = 171.68 | area_urban_km2 = 907 | area_metro_km2 = 1535.4 | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = 135 | population_footnotes ={{refn|group=note|Metropolitan Lagos terdiri dari 16 dari 20 LGA di Negara Pérangan Lagos, yang tidak mencakup: [[Badagry]], [[Epe, Negara Pérangan Lagos|Epe]], [[Ibeju-Lekki]] dan [[Ikorodu]].<ref name="metrolagospop"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/nigeria-admin.php?adm1id=NGA025 | title=Lagos (State, Nigeria) | publisher=population.de | accessdate=25 Juli 2016}}</ref>}} | population_total = 8,048,430 | population_density_km2 = 6,871 | population_as_of = sensus 2006 | population_rank = [[Pratélan kutha di Nigeria menurut populasi|1]] | population_est = 16,060,303<ref name="LASG">{{cite web | url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6 | title=Population-Lagos State | publisher=[[Lagos State Government]] | accessdate=21 Fèbruari 2016 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018094514/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6 | archive-date=18 Oktober 2015}}</ref> | pop_est_as_of = 2012 olèh [[Lagos State Government|LASG]] | pop_est_as_of_density_km2 = 13,712 | population_urban = 13,123,000<ref name=Demographia>{{cite book|author1=Demographia|title=Demographia World Urban Areas|date=Januari 2015|edition=11th|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|accessdate=2 Maret 2015}}</ref> | population_density_urban_km2 =14,469 | population_metro = 21,000,000 (perkiraan)<ref name="Lagos State Government" /> | population_density_metro_km2 = 13,677 | population_demonym = Lagosian | demographics_type1 = [[Pratélan kutha menurut PDB|PDB]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_title2 = | demographics1_info2 = | demographics1_title3 = | demographics1_info3 = | gini = | gini_year = | gini_category = | area_code = [[Nomor telepon di Nigeria|010]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fwuQ71ZbaOcC&pg=PA87&redir_esc=y|title= Bradt Travel Guides|edition=3rd|publisher=Paperback|isbn=978-1-8416-2397-9|author=Lizzie Williams|page=87|accessdate=26 Juli 2014}}</ref> | timezone = [[Waktu Afrika Barat|WAT]] (UTC+1) | utc_offset = +1 | blank_name = [[Klasifikasi iklim Köppen|Iklim]] | blank_info = [[Iklim sabana tropis|Aw]] | website = | footnotes = }} <!-- Infobox ends !--> '''Lagos''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|eɪ|ɡ|ɒ|s}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/lagos | title=Lagos | publisher=Oxford Dictionary | accessdate=28 Novèmber 2015 | archive-date=2016-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820020917/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/lagos | url-status=dead }}</ref> ([[basa Yoruba|Yoruba]]: '''Èkó''') iku sawijining kutha ing [[Negara pérangan ing Nigéria|Negara Pérangan]] [[Negara Pérangan Lagos|Lagos]] ing [[Nigéria]]. Kutha, karo konurbasi kang gandhengan, iku gedhé dhéwé ing Nigéria, sarta ing bawana Afrika. Iku salah siji kutha kang paling rikat tuwuh ing donya<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tk5TP7bsXnkC&pg=PA202&dq=|title=African Cities Driving the NEPAD Initiative|publisher=UN-HABITAT|year=2006|isbn= 9789211318159|page=202}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMnj88kYVmcC&pg=PT60&dq=|title=Key Concepts in Creative Industries|page=47|author1=John Hartley|author2=Jason Potts|author3=Terry Flew|author4= Stuart Cunningham|author5= Michael Keane|author6= John Banks|publisher= SAGE|year=2012|isbn=978-1-446-2028-90}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wQJb1QpZz_4C&pg=PA118&dq=|title=Cultures and Globalization: Cities, Cultural Policy and Governance|page=118|author1=Helmut K Anheier|author2=Yudhishthir Raj Isar|publisher=SAGE|year=2012|isbn=9781446258507}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oy-de29AtvYC&pg=PA163&dq=|title=Hidden Innovation: Policy, Industry and the Creative Sector (Creative Economy and Innovation Culture Se Series) |author=Stuart Cunningham|publisher=Univ. of Queensland Press|page=163|year=2013|isbn= 978-0-702-2509-89}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQ_ZLuqZT54C&pg=PA71&dq=|title=Cities and Nature|page=71|publisher=Routledge Critical Introductions to Urbanism and the City|author1=Lisa Benton-Short|author2=John Rennie Short|year=2013|isbn=9781134252749}}</ref><ref name=afropolis>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9lcn62brtGQC&pg=PA18&dq=|title=Afropolis: City Media Art|author1=Kerstin Pinther|author2=Larissa Förster|author3=Christian Hanussek|publisher=Jacana Media|year=2012|page=18|isbn=978-1-431-4032-57}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JPIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66&dq=|title=The Land/Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone of West and Central Africa Estuaries of the World|author1=Salif Diop|author2= Jean-Paul Barusseau|page=66|author3=Cyr Descamps|publisher=Springer|year=2014|isbn=978-3-319-0638-81}}</ref> lan uga siji saka [[aglomerasi urban]] paling akèh sing ndunungi donya.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/08/opinion/what-makes-lagos-a-model-city.html?_r=0 | title=What Makes Lagos a Model City | publisher=New York Times | date=7 Januari 2014 | accessdate=16 Maret 2015}}</ref><ref name="John Campbell">{{cite news |url= http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/07/this-is-africas-new-biggest-city-lagos-nigeria-population-25-million/259611/ |title=This Is Africa's New Biggest City: Lagos, Nigeria, Population 21 Million |author=John Campbell |date=10 Juli 2012 |work=The Atlantic |location =Washington DC |accessdate=23 Sèptèmber 2012}}</ref> Lagos minangka [[pusat finansial]] utama ing Afrika; [[kutha mega]] iki duwé PDB gedhé dhéwé,<ref name="metropolitan Lagos"/> lan uga nggoné siji saka [[Apapa|plabuhan gedhé dhéwé lan paling sibuk]] ing Afrika.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://businesstech.co.za/news/general/81995/africas-biggest-shipping-ports/ | title=Africa's biggest shipping ports | publisher=Businesstech | date=8 Maret 2015 | accessdate=26 Oktober 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E-VwMKQlGjIC&q=|title=Africa, Volume 1 of Cities of the world: a compilation of current information on cultural, geographical, and political conditions in the countries and cities of six continents, based on the Department of State's "post reports"|author1=Brian Rajewski,|publisher=Gale Research International, Limited,|year=1998|isbn=9780810376922}}</ref><ref name=global>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lzt7BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA315&dq=|page=315|title=Global Gentrifications: Uneven Development and Displacement|author1=Loretta Lees|author2=Hyun Bang Shin|author3=Ernesto López Morales|publisher=Policy Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-447-3134-89}}</ref> ==Géografi== ===Iklim=== {{Weather box |location = Lagos ([[Bandar Udara Internasional Murtala Muhammed]]) 1961–1990, ekstrem: 1886–saiki |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 40.0 |Feb record high C = 37.1 |Mar record high C = 37.0 |Apr record high C = 39.6 |May record high C = 37.0 |Jun record high C = 37.6 |Jul record high C = 33.2 |Aug record high C = 33.0 |Sep record high C = 33.2 |Oct record high C = 33.7 |Nov record high C = 39.9 |Dec record high C = 36.4 |year record high C = 40.0 |Jan high C = 32.2 |Feb high C = 33.2 |Mar high C = 32.9 |Apr high C = 32.2 |May high C = 30.9 |Jun high C = 29.3 |Jul high C = 28.2 |Aug high C = 28.3 |Sep high C = 28.9 |Oct high C = 30.3 |Nov high C = 31.4 |Dec high C = 31.8 |year high C = 30.8 |Jan mean C = 27.3 |Feb mean C = 28.4 |Mar mean C = 28.5 |Apr mean C = 28.0 |May mean C = 27.0 |Jun mean C = 25.6 |Jul mean C = 25.2 |Aug mean C = 25.0 |Sep mean C = 25.5 |Oct mean C = 26.4 |Nov mean C = 27.2 |Dec mean C = 27.2 |year mean C = 26.8 |Jan low C = 22.4 |Feb low C = 23.7 |Mar low C = 24.1 |Apr low C = 23.7 |May low C = 23.2 |Jun low C = 21.9 |Jul low C = 22.3 |Aug low C = 21.8 |Sep low C = 22.1 |Oct low C = 22.4 |Nov low C = 23.0 |Dec low C = 22.5 |year low C = 22.8 |Jan record low C = 12.6 |Feb record low C = 16.1 |Mar record low C = 14.0 |Apr record low C = 14.9 |May record low C = 20.0 |Jun record low C = 21.2 |Jul record low C = 15.0 |Aug record low C = 19.0 |Sep record low C = 13.0 |Oct record low C = 17.9 |Nov record low C = 11.1 |Dec record low C = 11.6 |year record low C = 11.1 |Jan precipitation mm = 13.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 40.6 |Mar precipitation mm = 84.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 146.3 |May precipitation mm = 202.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 315.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 243.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 121.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 160.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 125.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 39.7 |Dec precipitation mm = 14.8 |year precipitation mm = 1506.6 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1.5 |Feb precipitation days = 2.8 |Mar precipitation days = 6.6 |Apr precipitation days = 9.0 |May precipitation days = 12.5 |Jun precipitation days = 16.2 |Jul precipitation days = 13.2 |Aug precipitation days = 11.6 |Sep precipitation days = 12.7 |Oct precipitation days = 11.2 |Nov precipitation days = 4.9 |Dec precipitation days = 2.1 |year precipitation days = 104.3 |Jan humidity = 81 |Feb humidity = 79 |Mar humidity = 76 |Apr humidity = 82 |May humidity = 84 |Jun humidity = 87 |Jul humidity = 87 |Aug humidity = 85 |Sep humidity = 86 |Oct humidity = 87 |Nov humidity = 84 |Dec humidity = 82 |year humidity = 83 |Jan sun = 164.3 |Feb sun = 168.0 |Mar sun = 173.6 |Apr sun = 180.0 |May sun = 176.7 |Jun sun = 114.0 |Jul sun = 99.2 |Aug sun = 108.5 |Sep sun = 114.0 |Oct sun = 167.4 |Nov sun = 186.0 |Dec sun = 192.2 |year sun = 1843.9 | source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (kelembaban, 1952–1967),<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_652010_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Lagos-Ikeja (Flugh.) / Nigeria | publisher = Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure | accessdate = 7 Juli 2016}}</ref> NOAA (srengéngé)<ref name = NOAA> {{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/NI/65201.TXT | title = Lagos Climate Normals 1961–1990 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | accessdate = 7 Juli 2016}}</ref> |source 2 = Meteo Climat (rekor tinggi dan cendhèk)<ref name = meteoclimat> {{cite web | url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1769 | title = Station Murtala | publisher = Meteo Climat | language = bahasa Prancis | accessdate = 7 Juli 2016}}</ref> }} ==Cathetan== {{Reflist|group=note}} ==Réferènsi== {{Reflist|30em}} == Pranala njaba == {{Sister project links | commons=Lagos, Nigeria | voy=Lagos}} * {{Official website|http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/}} * [http://www.lagosjudiciary.gov.ng/ State Judiciary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050124234551/http://www.lagosjudiciary.gov.ng/ |date=2005-01-24 }} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kutha ing Nigéria]] {{Nigeria-stub}} 7hfnyje1tuk4tlc5cszfi5ne79hed5d 0 144924 1748926 1740477 2026-05-13T16:21:55Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Lowell Bergman|image=Lowell Bergman.jpg|birth_date={{birth date and age|1945|7|24}}|birth_place=[[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->|education=[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] (B.A., 1966)<br> [[University of California, San Diego]] (sarjana)|occupation=[[Journalist|Juruwarta]], juru yasa (produser) film tivi lan film dokumenter, mahaguru pawiyatan luhur|known for=Wewarta srana tivi lan layang kabar (éntuk abiwada  [[Pulitzer Prize for Public Service|Pulitzer]], pirang-pirang abiwada [[Emmy Award|Emmys]], lan sawetara abiwada liyané)|known_for=Reporting (earning a [[Pulitzer Prize for Public Service|Pulitzer]], multiple [[Emmy Award|Emmys]], and numerous other awards)|spouse=[[Sharon Tiller]]|website=[http://journalism.berkeley.edu/faculty/bergman/ kaca fakultas UC Berkeley]}}'''Lowell Bergman''' (lair 24 Juli, 1945) kapiji minangka priyayi pinunjul ing babagan pawarta invèstigasi miturut Reva lan David Logan Bentenaken  ing Graduate School of Jurnalisme ing UC Berkeley. Dhèwèké uga dadi Dirèktur Pawarta Invèstigasi kang wis memulang seminar mligi babagan warta invèstigasi jroning luwih saka 20 taun. Bergman uga dadi produsèr/juru warta kanggo sèri dokumèntèr PBS kang asesirah ''Frontline''. Laku pakaryané Bergman wis lumaku wetara limang dasawarsa. Dhèwèké misuwur minangka juru yasa/produsèr, juru warta, lan uga minangka dirèktur warta invèstigasi ing ABC News lan minangka juru yasa/produser CBS News kanggo ''60 Menit''. Crita gegayutan karo industri rokok kang katilik srana invèstigasi déning Bergman kacathet ing film kang kapinunjul ing Academy Award asesirah''  The Insider''. Saka taun 1999 tekan taun 2008, Bergman dadi juru warta invèstigasi ing layang kabar  ''New York Times''. Kaprigelan yasa proyèk warta invèstigasi kang nyawijèkaké giyaran tivi, warta cétak, lan wèb internèt dadi kaunggulané Bergman. Bergman wis nampa manéka warna pakurmatan lantaran pakaryan warta cétak lan warta giyaran tivi utawa vidéo, kalebu Abiwada Pulitzer kanggo Pangabdi / Leladi marang Masyarakat, nalika dhèwèké makarya ing ''New York Times'' ing taun 2004. Abiwada iku katampa krana warta asesirah "A Dangerous Business" utawa "Laku Dagang kang Mbebayani" kang mbabar cathetan rinci mungguh panyidra marang kaslametané wong kang nyambut gawé katambahan déning panyidra kang jinarak tumata marang paugeran mungguh lingkungan urip kang katindakaké déning industri wesi saluran buangan limbah lan pipa banyu. Crita kasil invèstigasi  iku dadi siji-sijiné pamenang Pulitzer kang uga diakoni donya srana ganjaran abiwada pinunjul ing babagan giyaran/video. Kejaba nampa akèh Abiwada Emmys, Bergman uga  diajèni srana limang Abiwada Teken Salaka lan Emas  Alfred I. duPont-Universitas Columbia, telung Peabodys, siji Polk Award, siji Abiwada Sidney Hillman Award kanggo Laku Wewarta babagan Perburuhan, siji Abiwada Bart Richards Award Laku Kritis Media, National Press Club's Arthur Rowse Award for Press Critism utawa Abiwada Paguyuban Pers Nasional Arthur Rowse kanggo Laku Kritis Media, Mirror Award utawa Abiwada Pangilon saka Sekolah Komunikasi S.I. Newhouse ing Universitas Syracuse, lan Abiwada James Madison mungguhing Kamardikan Informasi kanggo Panggayuhing Laku Karya saka Masyarakat Juru Warta Profesional. == Awal urip lan laku pakaryan (karir) == Éyang putriné Bergman iku sekretaris-bendahara kapisan ing ILGWU lokal ing New York; déné éyang kakungé uga salah siji kang ngedegaké ILGWU New York. Wong tuwané Bergman padha-padha pengungsi Yahudi saka laladan Éropa Wétan; ramané teka saka Honggari liwat Cuba tekan Amerika Serikat, déné Ibuné kalebu anggota Poale Zion (paguyuban buruh Zionis). Bergman lulus saka Universitas Wisconsin–Madison, mawa Pakurmatan, ing Sosiologi lan Sajarah, lan lulusan féllow ing filsafat saka Universitas California, San Diego. Ing Universitas California iki dhèwèké kawulang déning Herbert Marcuse. Ing taun 1969 Bergman bebarengan kanca mahasiswa ngedegaké ''San Diego Free Press'' (ing tembé mburi dadi ''San Diego Street Journal''), layang kabar alternatif. Bergman lan kanca mahasiswa, Richard "Black Dick" Blackburn ngayahi panaliti kang tembé mburiné ngrubuhaké  'kamaharajan dhuwit' ing San Diego duwèké C. Arnholt Smith, Presiden lan CEO US National Bank ing San Diego. Bergman uga banjur urun karya warta ing ''Ramparts'' lan ''The San Francisco Examiner''. Ing wektu sabanjuré dhèwèké makarya minangka "associate editor<nowiki>''</nowiki> ing ''Rolling Stone''. Ing 1977, Bergman ngéwangi ngadegé Center for Investigative Reporting.<ref>[http://centerforinvestigativereporting.org/ CIR | Revealing injustice for 35 years | Center for Investigative Reporting]</ref> Dhèwèké kalebu paguyuban juru warta kang mbacutaké pagawéané juru warta ''Arizona Republic'', Don Bolles, kang dipatèni ing taun  1976 nalika naliti tindak pidana gegayutan karo lemah kang dilakoni déning komplotan tindak pidana. == Laku pakaryan (Karir) ing televisi == Saka taun 1978 tekan 1983, Bergman dadi juru yasa (prodhusèr), juru warta, lan wusana èksekutif kang tinanggenah ing urusan warta invèstigasi ing ABC News. Dhèwèké iku kalebu prodhusèr wiwitan kanggo ''20/20''. Ing taun 1983, Bergman lumebu miwiti makarya ing CBS News minangka prodhusèr kalawarta minggon ''60 Minutes''. Minangka prodhusèr ''60 Minutes, ''ing wektu 14 taun Bergman yasa luwih saka 50 carita, wiwit babagan komplotan tindak pidana, dol-tinukuné gegaman ing tlatah donya, dol-tinukune narkotika, nganti tekan babagan perang Iran-Iraq lan perang [[Perang Lempongan|Teluk Persia]]. Bergman uga yasa wawanwicara kang pisanan dilakoni déning tivi Amerika Sarikat klawan pangarepé [[Hizbullah|Hezbollah]] saka Lebanon. Carita saka invèstigasi babagan industri rokok kang digawé Berman kanggo ''60 Minutes'' kapacak ing taun 1999 lantaran film ''The Insider'', ing kono Bergman kaparaga déning Al Pacino.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/7/lowell-bergman-investigativejournalismpressfreedomjamesrisen.html|title='Obama and Holder are not our friends'|last=Johnston|first=David Cay|date=2014-07-03|work=Al Jazeera America|accessdate=2014-07-03}}</ref> Kasil apik kang ginayuh déning film The Insider lan wewayangan kang kacarita ala mungguhing juru warta ''60 Minutes'', Mike Wallace, lan prodhusèr  Don Hewitt, njalari lumebuné Bergman ing pratélan ireng (daftar hitam) mungguh giyaran ''60 Minutes'', miturut Bergman.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.journalismjobs.com/interview_bergman.cfm |title=Interview with Lowell Bergman -- January 2001 |access-date=2017-11-29 |archive-date=2014-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704030326/http://www.journalismjobs.com/interview_bergman.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Asung palapuran lumantar manéka warna platform == Minangka kang miwiti lan mbélani modhèl multimedia, Bergman nyithak pakaryan memitrané ''The New York Times''lan ''Frontline'' sawisé ninggalaké CBS News ing pungkasané tahun 1990-an. Pakaryan memitran iki ngasilaké carita kang nyakup ing antarané kaanan krisis ènèrgi ing California; perang lumawan narkotika ing Amerika Sarikat; ngrembakané fundhamentalismé Islam; prakara kang gegayutan karo mula-bukané [[Serangan 11 September 2001|9/11]]; kartu krédhit<ref name="credit">[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/credit/ Secret History of the Credit Card]</ref> lan industri mas; pangoyaké "sel-sel turu"<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sleeper/ Chasing the Sleeper Cell]</ref> utawa 'sleeper cells' bakda 9/11 ing Amerika Sarikat; lan tindak durjana déning [[Al-Qaéda|Al Qaeda]] ing laladan [[Éropa|Eropah]].<ref name="front">[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/front/ Al Qaeda's New Front]</ref> Pakaryan memitran iku uga ngasilaké pirang-pirang proyèk kang éntuk abiwana kanggo pakaryan wewarta kang cinithak ing layang kabar, giyaran/video, lan kang kababar ing wèb internèt. Kaca wèb internèt kang pérangan gedhéné kacawisaké déning mahasiswa ing kelas seminaré Bergman dadi sarana mbabar sakèh proyèk ing antarané: "Secret History of the Credit Card" (Sajarah Winadi mungguhing Kartu Krédhit), "Al Qaeda's New Front" (Laladan Perang Anyaré Al Qaéda), "The Enemy Within"<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/enemywithin The Enemy Within]</ref> (Mungsuh Ing Sanjeroné Bebadan), "The Real CSI"<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/real-csi/ The Real CSI]</ref> (CSI kang Sejati), and "News War"<ref name="news war">[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newswar News War]</ref> (Perang Warta). Nggambaraké luwih saka 80 wawanwicara<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newswar/interviews "News War" interviews]</ref> mawa paraga lan angka-angka kunci ing warta layang kabar, giyaran tivi/video, lan layang kabar èlèktronik, mawa panggayuh kang tan tinandhingi marang prakara-prakara ing samburiné layar sakèh layang kabar kang pinunjul, "News War" mbabar prakara-prakara kang dadi tantangané layang kabar cinithak lan tanggapané saben layang kabar marang tantangan-tantangan iku. Poynter Institute nyebut kaca wèb internèt iki minangka “conto pinunjul mungguhing prakara kang déning sakèh wong kang ngunggulaké "jurnalisme konvergènsi" diangen-angen bakal kedadèn—jurnalisme kang njunjung lan nggunakké kekuatané saben médhia (cetak, giyaran video, lan wèb internèt) kanggo mbabar carita lan warta kang luwih wutuh tinimbang yèn carita lan warta kababar déning saben médhia mbaka siji.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www1.poynter.org/content/content_view.asp?id=77528&sid=8 |title=Combining Forces for a Converged Investigation |access-date=2017-11-29 |archive-date=2009-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727162234/http://www.poynter.org/content/content_view.asp?id=77528&sid=8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Makarya bareng karo juru warta liyané ing ''New York Times'', Bergman ngéwangi yasa warta invèstigasi tinulis sinambung mbabar gegayutan babagan dhuwit ing antarané Wakil Presiden Dick Cheney lan Halliburton, sadurungé lan sawisé purnakaryané Dick Cheney minangka CEO Halliburton lan banjur lumebu ing pulitik.<ref>[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA081FFF395B0C718DDDA10894D8404482&showabstract=1 THE 2000 CAMPAIGN: THE REPUBLICAN RUNNING MATE; Cheney Is Said to Be Receiving $20 Million Retirement Package]</ref><ref>[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30A1FFA3F550C778EDDA10894D8404482&showabstract=1 THE 2000 CAMPAIGN; Cheney Has Mixed Record In Business Executive Role]</ref><ref>[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70917FE3B5C0C718EDDAC0894DA404482&showabstract=1 Under Cheney, Halliburton Altered Policy On Accounting]</ref> == Abiwada lan pakurmatan == Bergman wus nampa sakeh pakurmatan kang pinunjul mungguh yasan warta cetak apa déné giyaran tivi. Ing 2004, ''The New York Times'' éntuk abiwada Pulitzer Prize for Public Service utawa Abiwada Pulitzer kanggo Pangabdi/Pangladi marang Masyarakat, ngrujuk marang "pakaryané David Barstow lan Lowell Bergman kang tanpa kendhat naliti pepati lan tatune buruh ing Amerika Sarikat lan wusanané mbabar tumindaké sakèh bebadan kang awèh penggawéan srana nerak paugeran pokok mungguhing kaslametan ing papan penggawean."<ref name="pulitzer">[http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2004-Public-Service "The 2004 Pulitzer Prize Winners: Public Service"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224074917/http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2004-Public-Service |date=2015-12-24 }}. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2013-11-19. With short biographies and reprints of 11 works (''NY Times'' articles January 8 to December 23, 2003).</ref> Warta sinambung asesirah "A Dangerous Business", kang mbabar cathetan rinci mungguh panyidra marang kaslametané wong kang nyambut gawé katambahan déning panyidra kang jinarak-tumata marang paugeran mungguh lingkungan urip kang katindakaké déning industri wesi saluran pambuang lan pipa banyu. Warta iku, kang kababar ing layang kabar cétak lan giyaran video dokumèntèr, dadi siji-sijiné pamenang Pulitzer kang uga diakoni mawa abiwada pinunjul ing babagan giyaran tivi.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/us/bergman.html About Frontline] accessed 20 November 2010</ref> Ing Mei 2006, Bergman kawisuda minangka Mahaguru Pinunjul mungguh Reva lan David Logan ing Sekolah Pascasarjana Jurnalisme  Universitas California, Berkeley.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/médhia/releases/2006/05/18_bergman.shtml|title=Lowell Bergman named distinguished professor|author=Kathleen Maclay|date=18 May 2006|publisher=UC Berkeley News|access-date=21 June 2016}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bergman uga nampa sakéh abiwada Emmys lan pakurmatan liyané, kalebu limang Abiwada Salaka lan Mas Alfred I. duPont-Universitas Columbia, telung  Peabodys, siji Writers Guild Award, the National Press Club's Consumer Journalism Award for Television (Abiwada Jurnalisme Konsumen Paguyuban Pers Nasional kanggo Televisi), siji George Polk Award, siji Abiwada Sidney Hillman kanggo wewarta babagan buruh, lan the James Madison Freedom of Information Award kanggo Panggayuhan Laku Karya (Career Achievement) saka Society of Professional Journalists. == Ringkesan laku pasinaon == Kejaba dadi guru kanggo calon-calon juru warta saka saindenging donya, nyambut gawé bebarengan lan ngarahaké para calon juru warta iku sajroning laku naliti-nulis warta invèstigasi, Bergman uga dadi saluran antarané laku sinauné mahasiswa lan pambabaré warta ing sakèh médhia pinunjul ing saben negara. Warta kang kakasilaké saka pamulangan wewarta investigasi déning Bergman ing Sekolah Pascasarjana Jurnalisme ing Universitas California, Berkeley sumrambah marang pasamuwan kang amba lan nggawa owah-owahan kang mentes, kababar ing televisi nasional, kalebu ''Frontline'' lan ''Frontline/World'' ing PBS, uga ''Nightline'' ing ABC, ''CBS Evening News'', ''lan 60 Minutes II''; lan uga kababar ing layang kabar cétak, ing ngendi para mahasiswa iku dadi juru warta utama kang nulis sawutuhing warta utawa nyumbang pérangan warta kang binabar ing layang kabar ''The New York Times'', ''Los Angeles Times'', "The Washington Post", lan ''San Francisco Chronicle'', kaya déné ing manéka warna kalawarta lan layang kabar donya apadéné lokal. Panggawéan iki, mligi ing wayah saiki, awèh pituduh menawa wewarta investigasi kang tinulis lan kayasa déning mahasiswa tinuntun déning juru warta kang wis purnakarya bisa njurung sangsaya mundhak apiké paugeran lan watak jurnalisme ing laladan negara. Bergman uga awèh pambiantu ing sumadhiyané dana saka pribadi-pribadi apadéné payuguban yayasan kanggo ngragadi laku lan blanja jroning panalitèn kang bisa kanggo ngragadi penggawéan jurnalisme para mahasiswané. Ing Mei 2007, Bergman mandhégani gawéyan kanggo netepaké Féllowships telung taunan ing babagan wewarta invèstigasi ing UC Berkeley. Rancangan telung taunan iki tanpa tunggal ing sakeh pamulangan ing Amerika Sarikat lan karancang kanggo ngemong juru warta nom kang kepéngén  nggayuh laku karya ing wewarta invèstigasi urusan layanan umum karana nyedhiani bayaran memper opah wulanan, tunjangan, lan tuntunan èditorial. "Nalika ekonomi ing bebadan warta utama-gedhé sangsaya ala kahanané," ujaré Bergman, "jinis jurnalisme kang ngabdi marang urusan wong akèh lan mbutuhaké wektu kang dawa kanggo naliti utawa nglakoni invèstigasi ngalami kaanan kangèlan lan mbebayani kaya kang durung naté kedadèn. Rancangan magang iki bakal nyedhiyani pangungsèn lan dhasar-pangayoman operasi kanggo generasi anyaré juru warta invèstigasi."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/médhia/releases/2007/05/23_report.shtml|title=J-school announces competition for three investigative reporting fellowships|date=23 May 2007|publisher=UC Berkeley News|access-date=21 June 2016}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Wawanwicara == * "Smoke In The Eye: a Talk With Lowell Bergman",  ''Frontline ''ing PBS (1999). "Ana prabédan utama antarané ''All The President's Men'' lan ''The Insider''", Lowell Bergman mbabar tetandhingan antarané film Hollywood 1976 babagan prakara Watergate lan film Hollywood versi anyar babagan prakara kang digambarké ing palapuran ''Frontline'', "Smoke in the Eye". "Ing ''All the President's Men'', para editor lan para juru warta dadi wong prawira. Sing kaya mangkono ora kedaden ing Smoke in the Eye."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/smoke/bergman.html|title=Smoke In The Eye: a Talk With Lowell Bergman|date=1999|publisher=PBS: Frontline|access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref> * "Long March through the Institution" ing ''Television Journalism''; wawanwicara karo Lowell Bergman. Pérangan saka sèri "Conversations with History<nowiki>''</nowiki> (Wawanwicara karo Sajarah), Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley karo Harry Kreisler, (2001)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Bergman/bergman-con0.html|title=Long March through the Institution|author=Harry Kreisler|date=2001|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185018/http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Bergman/bergman-con0.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ing 27 September 2006, Bergman njedhul uga ing ''The Colbert Report (Palapurane Colbert)''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cc.com/video-clips/g1anyj/the-colbert-report-lowell-bergman|title=Lowell Bergman|date=27 September 2006|publisher=Comedy Central|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-date=15 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815163714/http://www.cc.com/video-clips/g1anyj/the-colbert-report-lowell-bergman|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ing 27 Februari 2007, Bergman kawawanwicara dening Terry Gross saka WHYY's ing ''Fresh Air'' bab dokumèntèr ''Frontline'' kang asesirah "News War: Secrets, Spin, and the Future of the News (Warta Perang: Wadi, Plintiran, lan Mangsa Candhaké Warta)." Seri kang wujud saka pérangan papat iki, ing ngendi Bergman dadi ''co-producer'', mbabar bab bebadan warta utama lan daya pulitik, paugeran/undgang-undhang, lan ekonomi kang njalari polahe. Pérangan kaping telu mbabar carita larah-larahe pamburune bathi lan owah-gingsire dhuwit iklan njalari owahe urusan (utawa bisa kasebut upaya nggawe lan nyebarake) warta. * Ing 27 Februari 2007, Bergman kawawanwicara kanggo''What's happening to the news? ''utawa Apa kang nembe kedaden marang warta?ing  ''Marketplace'''s Kai Ryssdal kanggo mbabar larah-larahe internet ngowahi jurnalisme.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marketplace.org/2007/02/27/world/whats-happening-news|title=What's happening to the news?|author=Kai Ryssdal|date=27 February 2007|publisher=NPR|access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref> * Ing tanggal 11 Juni 2007, Bergman [https://web.archive.org/web/20070603062046/http://www.cbc.ca/thehour/video.php?id=1577 kawawanwicara] déning George Stroumboulopoulos kanggo kalawarta ing CBC Television kang asesirah ''The Hour ''utawa ''Jam''. * Ing 26 Januari 2009, Bergman ngrembug rekor utang denda kanggo Halliburton gunggung $560 yuta karo Departemen Kehakiman lan kantor SEC kanggo panyidra marang paugeran ''Foreign Corrupt Practices Act with NPR's All Things'' Considered. Carita dokumenter déning Bergman kang mbabar dhuwit sogokan ing laku dagang laladan donya bakal disiarke ing "Frontline" ing PBS 7 April 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99890734|title=Halliburton, U.S. Reach Settlement In Bribery Probe|author=Michelle Norris|date=26 January 2009|publisher=NPR|access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{reflist|25em}} [[Kategori:Lair 1945]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat]] 4jq2xxan715rmaa4rg58v4myzpsg03f 0 146769 1748928 1712120 2026-05-13T19:45:46Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Maria Antonina Czaplicka | image = Maria Czaplicka (96425723) (cropped).jpg | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1884|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Warsaw]], [[Vistula Land]], [[Russian Empire]]<br/><small>(modern-day [[Poland]])</small> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1921|05|27|1884|10|25}} | death_place = [[Bristol]], England, United Kingdom<ref name="Kubica146"/> | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | nationality = | known_for = | education = | occupation = [[Antropolog]] }} '''María Antonina Czaplicka''' ya iku ahli [[antropologi]] wanita saka Warsawa, [[Ruslan]] (nalika iku Soviet), kalairan taun 1884<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/436848672|title=Biographical dictionary of social and cultural anthropology|last=|first=Amit, Vered,|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=020364459X|location=London|pages=148|oclc=436848672}}</ref>. Maria naté olèh pandhidhikané saka ing University of Oxford (diploma) taun 1912<ref name=":0" />. Panlitian lapangan kang naté dilakoni déning dhèwèké ya iku ing Siberia lor (1914-1915). Karya-karya akademis kang wis tinulis déning Maria iku antarané ''Aboriginal [[Siberia]]. A Study in Social Anthropology'' (1914)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elibron.com/product/10044071/|title=Aboriginal Siberia by Maria Antonina Czaplicka (October 25, 1884 - May 27, 1921)|date=2013-12-12|work=Elibron Classics|access-date=2017-12-28|language=en-US}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> lan ''The Turks of Central Asia in History and at the Present Day'' (1919). Maria iki karenan ing bebrayan Siberia amarga pengaruh kang guruné. Buku hasil pakaryané iki wis diterbitké ing basa Ruslan, [[Polen]], lan [[Inggris]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/maria-antonina-czaplicka|title=Maria Antonina Czaplicka|last=nina.gov.pl|website=www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl|language=pl|access-date=2017-12-28|archive-date=2020-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025230008/https://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/maria-antonina-czaplicka|url-status=deviated|archivedate=2020-10-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025230008/https://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/maria-antonina-czaplicka}}</ref>. Pisumbangan dhèwèké iki mangrupa idé-idé antropo-géografis kang ana hubungan karo manungsa lan alam lingkungan, uga difusi élemen budhaya ing kréasi budhaya. Maria séda ing Bristol, [[Karajan Manunggal]] taun 1921<ref name=":0" />. == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Antropolog]] szsg14f7p3utd2sx6pv0vp10gi4r1wh 0 148172 1748930 1614542 2026-05-13T21:24:57Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | honorific_prefix = | name = Max Gluckman | honorific_suffix = | native_name = Herman Max Gluckman | native_name_lang = | image = <!--(filename only, i.e. without "File:" prefix)--> | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date |1911|01|26|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Johannesburg]] | death_date = {{death date and age |1975|04|13 |1911|01|26|df=y}} | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}--> | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = [[Antropologi sosial]] | workplaces = [[Manchester school (anthropology)|Manchester school]] | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = {{Flatlist| * [[University of the Witwatersrand]] * [[University of Oxford]] }} | thesis_title = <!--(or | thesis1_title = and | thesis2_title = )--> | thesis_url = <!--(or | thesis1_url = and | thesis2_url = )--> | thesis_year = <!--(or | thesis1_year = and | thesis2_year = )--> | doctoral_advisor = <!--(or | doctoral_advisors = )--> | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = [[Conflict theories]] | influences = | influenced = | awards = | spouse = [[Mary Gluckman]] | partner = <!--(or | partners = )--> | children = | signature = <!--(filename only)--> | signature_alt = | website = <!--{{URL|www.example.com}}--> | footnotes = }} '''Max Gluckman''' ya iku ahli [[antropologi]] saka Johannesburg, [[Afrika Kidul]], kalairan 26 Januari 1911<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/436848672|title=Biographical dictionary of social and cultural anthropology|last=Amit|first=Vered|date=|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=020364459X|location=London|pages=278-279|oclc=436848672}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Max-Gluckman|title=Max Gluckman {{!}} South African anthropologist|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2018-01-13|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Max_Gluckman|title=Max Gluckman - New World Encyclopedia|website=www.newworldencyclopedia.org|language=en|access-date=2018-01-13}}</ref>. Max iki olèh pandhidhikan ana ing University of the Witwatersrand (BA) taun 1934. Sabanjuré ing [[University of Oxford]] lan olih gelar Ph.D. taun 1936<ref name=":0" />. Panlitian lapangan kang linakonan déning Max ya iku ana ing Afrika Kidul taun 1936-1938<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199766567/obo-9780199766567-0052.xml|title=Max Gluckman - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies - obo|access-date=2018-01-13|language=en}}</ref>, Rhodesi lor utawa [[Zambia]] taun 1970, lan [[Israel]] taun 1963 nganti 1971<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://biography.yourdictionary.com/max-gluckman|title=Max Gluckman Facts|website=biography.yourdictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2018-01-13}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Karya-karya akademis kang sinerat ya iku antarané ‘Analysis of a social situation in modern Zululand’ ana ing buku ''Bantu Studies'' (1940), ''The Judicial Process among the Barotse of Northern Rhodesia'' (1955), ''Order and Rebellion in Tribal Africa'' (1963), lan ''Politics, Law, and Ritual in Tribal Society'' (1965)<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. Max minangka sarjana, guru, lan panlitia, dhèwèké nggawè pisumbangan kang utama ing bab sosial, pulitik, lan antropologi legal awit taun 1940an<ref name=":0" />. ==Rujukan== [[Kategori:Antropolog]] my1l3sk3sx6q0g40ydm1haumlqa2r96 4 165026 1748936 1748806 2026-05-14T00:30:49Z LabdajiwaBot 42498 Bot: Ngarsipaké 1 lembar (luwih lawas tinimbang 30 dina) ing [[Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip 2026]] 1748936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Pambuka}} <div style="display: none;"> {{Naraguna:LabdajiwaBot/konfig arsip |archive = Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip %(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 0 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 }} </div> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah dua tahun pengembangan, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], akan diluncurkan dari tahap beta pada Selasa, 21 April. Fitur ini membawa peningkatan keterbacaan kode dan teks wiki, pengurangan kesalahan pengetikan, beserta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|manfaat]] lainnya bagi semua pengguna penyorot sintaks standar. Ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada sukarelawan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] yang telah mengembangkan banyak fitur baru, termasuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|pelipatan kode]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|pemeriksaan sintaks]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebuah pembaruan besar untuk aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS kini sedang diluncurkan, dengan antarmuka yang didesain ulang agar selaras dengan desain visual terbaru Apple, "Liquid Glass". Silakan [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 unduh versi terbaru] dan telusuri pembaruannya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Daftar bacaan]] merupakan fitur yang memungkinkan para pembaca menyimpan artikel ke dalam daftar untuk dibaca nanti. Fitur ini sedang dalam tahap beta di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Mandarin, serta secara bawaan untuk semua akun baru di semua Wikipedia. * Percobaan yang mengeksplorasi perluasan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Pratinjau Halaman ke versi seluler]] akan diluncurkan pada pekan tanggal 20 April di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, Polandia, dan Vietnam. Pratinjau Halaman merupakan jendela sembulan yang menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala untuk membuka artikel lengkap dari pranala berwarna biru, sehingga memudahkan pengguna dalam menemukan konten. Fitur ini sudah tersedia di versi desktop dan aplikasi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Lihat selengkapnya mengenai uji coba ini dan uji coba lainnya]]. * Di beberapa wiki, para penyunting yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surel mereka]] sekarang dapat melihat spanduk yang meminta mereka untuk lakukan hal tersebut. Dengan memiliki alamat surel yang terkonfirmasi, pengguna dapat memulihkan akses ke akunnya jika akun tersebut tidak dapat diakses. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:15}} {{PLURAL:15|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pemuatan lambat, tampilan pratinjau yang lambat, dan guliran yang lambat saat menyunting halaman wiki berukuran sangat besar di editor teks wiki 2017, serta masalah kinerja saat memilih, memotong, atau menempelkan konten, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari upaya mempromosikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] dari status fitur beta, seluruh pengguna kini akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] alih-alih [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman konten berformat JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Layanan <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> yang selama ini digunakan oleh pengguna Debian dan Ubuntu akan dihentikan dan tidak lagi berfungsi mulai 15 Mei. Sumber daya yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk layanan ini akan dialihkan ke opsi baru yang dinilai lebih baik. Sejumlah pengguna mungkin perlu beralih ke peladen lain yang diperkirakan hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar satu menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia untuk dibaca]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * Tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> akan dihapus dari [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. Jika perkakas atau kueri yang digunakan masih mengakses tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> atau <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> secara langsung, disarankan untuk segera memperbaruinya agar menggunakan tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> sebelum 28 Mei. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Setelah penerapan terbaru mengenai pembatasan laju global API (''global API rate limits'') pada lalu lintas yang tidak teridentifikasi, Wikimedia Foundation akan melanjutkan upaya untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]] dengan mulai menerapkan pembatasan global juga pada lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi, dimulai pada pekan terakhir April. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin guna meminimalkan dampak terhadap komunitas. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan pada dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] serta bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] kini telah tersedia dalam versi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. API ini berfungsi untuk mengambil informasi yang diperlukan dalam memberikan atribusi (kredit) terhadap artikel dan berkas media Wikimedia di mana pun konten tersebut digunakan. Dokumentasi referensi tersedia melalui halaman spesial REST Sandbox yang dapat diakses di seluruh wiki Wikimedia (misalnya [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]). Umpan balik dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 April 2026 14.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 April 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/News and notes|Six Serbian Wikipedia editors banned following controversy about political bias]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/In the media|Could Wikipedia be involved in Massachusetts' proposed social media ban for minors?]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Gallery|March equinox]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Traffic report|Time to change my galaxy in case, we outta space!]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Comix|Of skirts and articles]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 21 April 2026 06.50 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30434643 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 26 April 2026 00.57 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == This Month in Education: April 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 27 April 2026 16.01 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30406002 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Terdapat perubahan dalam cara pengguna baru memperoleh status terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') yang bertujuan meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap vandalisme. Selama ini, pengguna yang telah memiliki akun selama beberapa hari dan melakukan sejumlah suntingan akan otomatis masuk ke dalam kelompok [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]]. Namun, pengaturan ini kerap dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian pelaku vandalisme yang membuat akun lalu baru menggunakannya setelah beberapa waktu. Untuk mengatasinya, aturan tersebut akan diperbarui mulai pekan depan. Dalam penentuan status terkonfirmasi otomatis, usia akun akan dihitung sejak suntingan pertama, bukan sejak tanggal pendaftaran. Nilai ambang usia tetap tidak berubah. Perubahan ini hanya akan diterapkan pada wiki yang menuntut sekurang-kurangnya satu suntingan sebagai bagian dari kriteria terkonfirmasi otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * Kini, seluruh pengguna Wikipedia dengan akun baru, serta mereka yang mengaktifkan opsi "Secara otomatis mengaktifkan sebagian besar fitur beta" dalam preferensi, dapat menggunakan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|daftar bacaan]] (''reading lists''). Fitur ini membantu mengelola minat membaca dalam satu tempat agar mudah diakses. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar pada kotak info (''infobox'') memiliki jarak kosong yang sangat besar di Firefox kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai pengingat, pembatasan laju global pada API (''rate limits'') akan mulai diterapkan pekan ini terhadap lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi. Langkah ini bertujuan menjaga [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|penggunaan infrastruktur tetap adil]]. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang disarankan mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk batasan yang berlaku, dapat dilihat pada dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] dan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 April 2026 18.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] mengundang para penyunting berpengalaman dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|Wikipedia percontohan]]: Arab, Bengali, Jepang, Portugis, Persia, Turki, Inggris Sederhana, Spanyol, dan Prancis, untuk turut membantu menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance contoh kerangka artikel]. Kerangka ini akan menjadi pedoman bagi para penyunting dalam menyusun artikel yang jelas, terstruktur dengan baik, dan sesuai dengan kebijakan, saat [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle fitur tersebut] resmi diluncurkan pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Petunjuk sederhana]] mengenai cara menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan kerangka tersebut juga telah disediakan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|rancangan rekomendasi]] mengenai model yang dapat diikuti oleh para organisasi afiliasi ketika berkontribusi di ranah teknis. Anggota komunitas diundang untuk memberikan umpan balik terhadap rekomendasi ini hingga 8 Mei melalui [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Jumlah pilihan ukuran keluku (''thumbnail'') di MediaWiki kini disederhanakan menjadi tiga opsi baku: Kecil (180 piksel), Sedang (250 piksel), dan Besar (400 piksel), sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kinerja serta mengurangi beban pada layanan keluku. Akibatnya, preferensi yang sudah ada akan dipetakan ke ukuran baru yang paling mendekati (misalnya, pilihan kecil seperti 120 piksel atau 150 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 180 piksel, sementara pilihan lebih besar seperti 300 piksel atau 360 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 400 piksel). Antarmuka preferensi akan segera diperbarui untuk mencerminkan perubahan ini. Pengguna yang ingin menonaktifkan atau memberikan umpan balik dipersilakan melakukannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * Mulai saat ini, bahkan ketika suatu hak akses berakhir secara otomatis, pengguna tetap akan menerima pemberitahuan melalui Echo yang serupa dengan pemberitahuan standar untuk perubahan hak akses. Hal ini berbeda dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|bot pengingat global]] yang mengingatkan pengguna satu minggu ''sebelum'' hak akses berakhir agar dapat diperpanjang. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada pemilih bahasa ULS di [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] yang sebelumnya dapat bergulir secara vertikal meskipun tidak diperlukan, kini telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, saat pengguna membuka menu tarik-turun "Terjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris" dan mengetikkan masukan tertentu, kotak dialog akan bergeser beberapa piksel ke bawah meskipun ruang tampilan masih mencukupi. Kini, menu tersebut tidak lagi bergeser secara tidak perlu saat menyaring bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami peningkatan. Sebagai contoh, daftar pantauan untuk situs berbasis Wikibase seperti [[:d:|Wikidata]] kini mendukung elemen [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] untuk pelacakan yang lebih baik. Mode pembaruan langsung kini menyegarkan halaman khusus setiap 60 detik agar selaras dengan pembatasan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|laju API global terbaru]], sehingga meningkatkan respons waktu nyata. Selain itu, kesalahan arah teks yang sebelumnya menampilkan pranala sebagai "perubahan 3" alih-alih "3 perubahan" dalam daftar dengan arah campuran juga telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tahap kedua penerapan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|pembatasan laju API global]] telah diluncurkan untuk mengurangi [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|dampak perayap kecerdasan buatan]] serta memastikan akses yang adil dan berkelanjutan terhadap sumber daya Wikimedia, dengan memprioritaskan lalu lintas manusia dan yang selaras dengan misi. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Batasan]] yang sebelumnya dihitung per jam kini diubah menjadi per menit, sehingga menghasilkan pola lalu lintas yang lebih halus dan beban API yang lebih terprediksi. Pengguna komunitas diperkirakan tidak akan terdampak, dan tidak ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan. Indikasi awal menunjukkan bahwa sebagian peminta berbasis User-Agent mulai menyesuaikan perilakunya, dan sekitar 64% lalu lintas API otomatis telah berhasil diidentifikasi. Pemantauan terus dilakukan, dan layanan Wikimedia Enterprise tetap tersedia untuk dukungan komersial. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Mèi 2026 20.42 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IV, April 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: How the GLAM Community Can Shine in the 2026–27 Annual Plan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: WikiConf Argentina and GLAM projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Documenting and citing oral knowledge in audio and video * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiCon Australia, ICIP, Orphan works and Trans-Tasman partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia Brasil publishes book on the power and challenges of free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We celebrate Public Domain Day with an expert panel / Celebramos el día del dominio público con un Panel de expertas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ongoing and New GLAM-Wiki Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime event at Auckland Museum & an update for WiR NZBSI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD in Action: Digitization, Wikisource and Educational Workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Developments: Residencies, Partnerships and Audiovisual Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: April in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Le Donne di Villa Massimo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A tenth-century Quran and Islamic Art in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki MIT launches and US meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Update on the BHL Annual Meeting 27 April - 1 May & BHL Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Eight new articles on MoW inscriptions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Mèi 2026 13.50 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30513880 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas Teknis telah mempublikasikan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|panduan baru]] yang menjelaskan bagaimana keinginan pada Daftar Harapan Komunitas disaring dan diprioritaskan. Dokumentasi ini bertujuan untuk membantu kontributor baru dalam menulis proposal yang lebih baik dengan menjelaskan faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan prioritas. Selain hitungan suara, panduan ini menyorot pertimbangan seperti potensi dampak pada komunitas ketika menentukan keinginan yang akan diteruskan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca sedang meluncurkan pengujian untuk menakar [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|fitur Kartu Berbagi]] yang memungkinkan pembaca untuk membuat kartu yang menarik secara visual dari artikel Wikipedia atau bagian artikel yang dipilih dan membagikannya secara daring. Setiap kartu akan menautkan kembali ke artikel awal untuk meningkatkan pembaca dan penemuan artikel. Pengujian A/B hanya perangkat seluler akan tersedia pada beberapa pembaca di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tiongkok, Prancis, Vietnam, dan Inggris untuk memahami lebih lanjut tentang kebiasaan pembaca dan pembagian, dan akan dijadwalkan dimulai pada pekan 18 Mei dan berjalan selama empat minggu. * Aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dan iOS meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|tantangan membaca 25 hari]] ke fitur Beta sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan pembaca dengan mendorong pengguna menyelesaikan pencapaian bacaan. Untuk melacak rentetan bacaan mereka selama periode tantangan, pengguna aplikasi dapat menambahkan gawit Baby Globe pada layar utama mereka. Tantangan ini secara resmi dimulai pada 11 Mei. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:17}} {{PLURAL:17|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, masalah ketika pengaturan global untuk mengaktifkan penyorotan sintaks pada teks wiki dapat menonaktifkan dirinya sendiri secara tiba-tiba setelah diaktifkan, sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Perihal kelanjutan]] Modul ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, sudah dihentikan sejak [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], akan dihapus pekan ini. Terdapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|panduan untuk memigrasikannya dari UI MediaWiki ke Codex]] untuk perkakas apa pun yang menggunakannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Mèi 2026 19.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> 6s99ntdprdxnwr3x1s827kcvvir82jm 0 176657 1748949 1732849 2026-05-14T07:35:06Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748949 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:ꠜꠣꠔ,_ꠍꠣꠟꠘ.jpg|jmpl| Diet tradisional Sylheti]] '''Masakan Sylheti''' ( Sylheti [[Sylhetis|) nggambarake]] budaya panganan Sylhetis. Iki [[Hatkora|kalebu Hatkora sing]] asem tangkora kanggo [[Pitik tikka masala|tikka masala pitik sing]] panas utawa [[daging sapi Hatkora]], kembang [[Tusha Shinni|manisan Tusha Shinni dadi]] [[Nunor Bora|Nunor Bora sing]] gurih lan iwak sing difermentasi, [[Hutki Shira]] . [[Hatkora]] minangka woh umum lan digunakake kanggo masak masakan sing beda karo iwak lan [[daging]] . Dipenuhi karo [[Vitamin C]] lan [[antioksidan]], kari Hatkora paling apik dipangan nganggo nasi. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-food-bangladeshi-dishes-straight-from-sylhet-at-restaurant-in-bkc/20740177|title=Mumbai Food: Bangladeshi Dishes Straight From Sylhet At Restaurant In BKC|date=Apr 14, 2019|access-date=28 April 2020|publisher=[[Mid Day]]|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415140451/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-food-bangladeshi-dishes-straight-from-sylhet-at-restaurant-in-bkc/20740177|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sanajan Sylhetis umume panganan pari lan [[iwak]], sistem kuliner beda-beda beda karo non-Sylhetis. <ref name="coursehero2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.coursehero.com/file/p70ujoo/The-area-covered-by-Sylhet-Division-is-12569-km%C2%B2-which-is-about-8-of-the-total/|title=The area covered by sylhet division is 12569 km²|access-date=25 April 2020|publisher=[[coursehero.com]]}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/a-fillet-from-sylhet-89932.html|title=A fillet from sylhet|date=September 14, 2015|access-date=28 April 2020|publisher=[[The Statesman (India)]]}}</ref> Masyarakat multikultural ing [[Lembah Barak]] nganti [[Divisi Sylhet|lembah Surma]], <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/article/919904/in-assams-barak-valley-insecurities-about-citizenship-drive-bengali-hindus-to-the-bjp|title=In Assam's Barak Valley, insecurities about citizenship drive Bengali Hindus to the BJP|date=Apr 15, 2019|access-date=20 April 2020|publisher=scroll.in}}</ref> lan diaspora Sylheti wis mengaruhi panganan lan rasa Sylheti sing ditindakake wiwit pirang-pirang abad. Antarane, sistem kuliner [[Wong Khasi|Khasi]], [[Wong Kuki|Kuki]] lan suku liyane sing penting. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2015/07/16/42488.php|title=সিলেটের উপভাষা ও জীবনধারা : ড. শ্যামল কান্তি দত্ত|date=16 July 2015|access-date=20 April 2020|publisher=[[Bhorer Kagoj]]|archive-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910062725/http://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2015/07/16/42488.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Masakan Sylhet'' wis diwasa gumantung saka kasedhiyan [[ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀|tanduran]] lan [[Sato kéwan|kewan]] ing wilayah kasebut. Utamane pribumi kanthi macem-macem, budaya panganan ditindakake ing kalangan Sylhetis sing uga nampa pengaruh eksternal. Nalika 360 murid [[Shah Jalal]] tekan wilayah iki, dheweke ora mung nggawa budaya sing beda-beda nanging uga nggawa gaya masak sing beda. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abasar.net/souranshu_Sihleti.htm|title=ফিসফাস কিচেন- সিলেটী রান্না- বিলেতি রান্না|date=30 Sep 2016|access-date=19 April 2020|publisher=www.abasar.net|language=bn|archive-date=8 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108191020/http://www.abasar.net/souranshu_Sihleti.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sing kalebu akeh piring daging, uga daging pitik, daging sapi lan wedhus sing dimasak Mughlai, Timur Tengah, lan gaya India Lor. [[Mughlai paratha|Mughlai Porota]], [[Pilaf|pilau]], [[korma]], Kalia, Panggang, [[Biryani|Biriyani]] lan [[Kofta]] kanggo pasugatan kari nalika [[Zardah]], [[Firni]] lan [[Kheer]] kanggo [[Panganan cuci mulut|desserts]] wis uga klebu. Umume wong Bangladesh wis biasa mangan ''Una Bhat'' (sega rebus), <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/national/news/248875|title=আতপ চাল খাওয়ার অভ্যাস কত দিনে হবে?|date=5 Oct 2017|access-date=21 April 2020|publisher=Bangla Tribune|language=bn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.banglanews24.com/economics-business/news/bd/603862.details|title=ওএমএসে আতপ চাল পেয়ে ক্ষুব্ধ ক্রেতারা|date=20 Sep 2017|access-date=21 April 2020|publisher=banglanews24.com|language=bn|archive-date=24 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924222534/http://m.banglanews24.com/economics-business/news/bd/603862.details|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ntvbd.com/bangladesh/155181/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8|title=আতপ চাল, তাই ক্রেতা শূন্য ওএমএসের চালের দোকান|date=20 Sep 2017|access-date=21 April 2020|publisher=[[NTV (Bangladesh)]]|language=bn}}</ref> kajaba wong [[Chittagong|Chitagonian]] lan Sylhetis . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2013-08-31/news/131024|title=চট্টগ্রামসহ দুই বিভাগের জন্য আতপ চাল কিনছে সরকার|date=13 Feb 2011|access-date=21 April 2020|publisher=[[The Daily Prothom Alo]]|language=bn}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blog.bdnews24.com/sukantaks/225867|title=বঙ্গে নতুন উপদ্রপ- আতপ চালের 'নক্তা'|date=19 Sep 2017|access-date=21 April 2020|publisher=[[bdnews24.com]]|language=bn|archive-date=17 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017163619/https://blog.bdnews24.com/sukantaks/225867|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing wilayah Sylhet, beras sing misuwur yaiku Aush, Aman, Boro, Eri, Biroin, Kalojira, Sonali Jira lsp. ''Ala Bhat'' (beras ing ndhuwur) minangka panganan pokok saka Sylhetis. <ref name="syl">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sylheterdak.com.bd/details.php?id=9857|title=চুঙ্গা পিঠা : বাঁশ দিয়ে প্রাতঃরাশ|date=26 April 2020|work=[[Sylheter Dak]]|access-date=3 Jan 2018|language=bn|archive-date=11 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052510/http://www.sylheterdak.com.bd/details.php?id=9857|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sega ing ndhuwur rada lengket lan enak. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/opinion/article/44618/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4|title=আমরা যে কারণে পুষ্টিবঞ্চিত|date=5 Sep 2013|access-date=21 April 2020|publisher=[[The Daily Prothom Alo]]|language=bn}}</ref> Dheweke uga seneng [[beras ketan]] kanggo nggawe panganan sing beda-beda. Panliten nemokake yen beras Sylheti duwe [[Arsènik|konsentrasi arsenik sing luwih]] murah tinimbang jinis pari sing padha saka wilayah liyane ing Bangladesh. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iospress.nl/ios_news/low-arsenic-rice-discovered-in-bangladesh-could-have-major-health-benefits/|title=Low-Arsenic Rice Discovered in Bangladesh Could Have Major Health Benefits|date=Feb 18, 2013|access-date=20 April 2020|publisher=[[IOS Press]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/lowarsenic-rice/article4434752.ece|title=Low-arsenic rice|date=Feb 20, 2013|access-date=20 April 2020|publisher=frontline.thehindu.com}}</ref> Miturut jurnal Spectroscopy Biomedical and Imaging, beras Sylheti ngemot jumlah nutrisi penting [[Sèlèniyum|selenium]] lan [[Sèng|seng]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/world/scientists-find-lower-arsenic-bangladeshi-rice-strain/article23092738.ece|title=Scientists find lower arsenic Bangladeshi rice strain|date=Feb 14, 2013|access-date=20 April 2020|publisher=thehindubusinessline.com}}</ref> Sawetara jinis beras aromatik Sylheti uga kena kontaminasi arsenik luwih murah tinimbang sega aromatik Basmati sing [[Indhi|kondhang saka India]] lan [[Pakistan]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130212100510.htm|title=Low-arsenic rice discovered in Bangladesh could have major health benefits|date=Feb 12, 2013|access-date=20 April 2020|publisher=[[ScienceDaily]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newsmax.com/t/health/article/490414?keywords=Low-Arsenic-Super-Nutritious-Rice-Discovered-Sylheti&year=2013&month=02&date=14&id=490414|title=Low-Arsenic, Super-Nutritious Rice Discovered|date=Feb 12, 2013|access-date=20 April 2020|publisher=[[Newsmax]]}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Barkas:Fob_type_singara.jpg|jmpl| Fob]] == Referensi == gfhgw9bd1gvc6p8ygm722363mtigukt 0 176734 1748957 1697964 2026-05-14T11:01:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748957 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" cellspacing="5" style="width: 28em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.2em" |+ class="fn" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;" |Pahiño ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em" |Informasi pribadi |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Jeneng lengkap | colspan="3" class="nickname" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |Manuel Fernández Fernández |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Tanggal lair | colspan="3" class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |21 January 1923 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Papan kelairan | colspan="3" class="birthplace" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[Virgo|Vigo]], [[Spanyol]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Tanggal kematian | colspan="3" class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |12 Juni 2012 (usia 89) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Tempat meninggal | colspan="3" class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[Madrid]], Spain |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Posisi bermain | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[Panyerang|Penyerang]] |- ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em" |Karir Junior |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |2010–2015 | colspan="3" class="org" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |Navia |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |2010–2015 | colspan="3" class="org" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |Arenas de Alcabre |- ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em" |Karir senior |- style="" ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Taun | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |'''Tim''' | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right" |'''Tampil''' | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" |'''(Gol)''' |- style="" ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |1943–1948 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[Celtic F.C.|Celta]] | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right" |101 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" |70 |- style="" ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |1948–1953 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right" |124 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" |108 |- style="" ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |1953–1956 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[Deportivo La Coruña]] | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right" |72 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" |46 |- style="" ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |1956–1957 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[Granada]] | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right" |15 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" |8 |- style="" ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em" |Tim Nasional |- style="" ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |1949 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[Spanyol B]] | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right" |1 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" |0 |- style="" ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |1948–1955 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |Spanyol | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right" |3 | class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" |3 |- style="" | colspan="4" class="" style="text-align:center; color:darkslategray; font-size:95%" | |} '''Manuel Fernández Fernández''' (21 Januari 1923 - 12 Juni 2012), sing dingerteni '''Pahiño'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahi%C3%B1o|title=Pahiño}}</ref>, yaiku pesepakbola Spanyol sing dadi penyerang. Sajrone 12 musim, dhèwèké main 278 kompetisi ing [[LaLiga|La Liga]], mencetak 211 gol kanggo [[Celtic F.C.|Celta]], [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] lan Deportivo. Dhèwèké entuk siji [[Trofi Pichichi]] masing-masing karo rong klub pertama. == Karir Klub == Lahir ing lingkungan San Paio de Navia di [[Virgo|Vigo]], Provinsi [[Pontevedra]], Penao ditambah karo [[RC Celta de Vigo]] ing taun 1943, dadi starter. Dhèwèké mung nyithak empat gol La Liga ing musim pertamanya (saka 15 penampilan), sadurunge. Sawise tim bali menyang papan ndhuwur, Pahiño ora bakal nyetak kurang saka 15 kali nganti keprigelan. Ing taun 1947-1948 kampanye, dhèwèké paling apik 21 gol mbantu dhèwèké ngrampungake sing paling apik ing pungkasan lan entuk final saka Copa del Generalísimo. [1] Ing musim panas 1948, Pahiño lan [[Miguel Muñoz]] gabung karo [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yojugueenelcelta.com/2008/04/pahio.html|title=PAHIÑO|last=Bacariza|first=Publicado por Marcos L.|access-date=2021-03-11}}</ref> a terus membobol gawang padha level reguler kanggo klub barunya, menangake Pichichi kedhisike pungkasan taun 1951–52. Nanging, dhèwèké dadi peran penting ing skuad sawise teka [[Alfredo Di Stéfano]], sing banjur ngakoni rasa frustrasi amarga dhèwèké ora bisa mainake; ing kabeh kompetisi, dhèwèké nyetak 124 gol dadi 143 pertandingan <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/about-real-madrid/history/football-legends/manuel-fernandez|title=Pahíño {{!}} Real Madrid CF|website=Real Madrid C.F. - Web Oficial|language=en|access-date=2021-03-11}}</ref>,level ke-13 dadi daftar pencetak gol sajrone wektu mati.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/es/news/27/liga-de-espa%C3%B1a/2012/06/12/3168258/pahi%C3%B1o-fallece-el-13%C2%BA-mayor-goleador-de-la-historia-del-real|title=Pahiño fallece, el 13º mayor goleador de la historia del Real Madrid {{!}} Goal.com|website=www.goal.com|access-date=2021-03-11}}</ref> Sampai pensiun ing taun 1957, umur 34 taun, Babagan nyebabake [[Deportivo de La Coruña]] (divisi teratas, tiga musim) lan [[Granada CF]] (Segunda División). Tanggal 30 Oktober 1955, nalika melayani sing pertama, dhèwèké nggawe loro gol dadi kemenangan 2-1 kanggo mantan majikane ing [[Stadion Santiago Bernabéu]]. Sajrone rong minggu ing wulan Februari 1956, Pahiño tumindak dadi pelatih kanggo Deportivo<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1955/10/31/pagina-4/631646/pdf.html|title=Edición del Monday 31 October 1955, Página 4 - Hemeroteca - MundoDeportivo.com|website=hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com|access-date=2021-03-11}}</ref>.Tim kebobolan 12 gol dadi telung pertandingan, kalebu kekalahan nglawan FC Barcelona (0–7, kandang) lan Deportivo Alavés (2-4).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1956/02/04/pagina-4/641240/pdf.html|title=Edición del Saturday 4 February 1956, Página 4 - Hemeroteca - MundoDeportivo.com|website=hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com|access-date=2021-03-11}}</ref> == Karir Internasional == Pahiño entuk telung tutup kanggo [[Spanyol]], luwih saka pitung taun. Piyambak damel damel gol debut ing tanggal 20 Juni 1948, nglawan [[Switserlan]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1956/02/06/pagina-3/641251/pdf.html|title=Edición del Monday 6 February 1956, Página 3 - Hemeroteca - MundoDeportivo.com|website=hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com|access-date=2021-03-11}}</ref> nambah semangat nalika penampilan pungkasan, imbang 2-2 karo Republik Irlandia ing pertandingan liyane sing ramah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1956/02/15/pagina-3/1342559/pdf.html|title=Edición del Wednesday 15 February 1956, Página 3 - Hemeroteca - MundoDeportivo.com|website=hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com|access-date=2021-03-11}}</ref> == Gaya Dolanan == Pemain ambidextrous sing unggul ing aspek fisik game, Pahiño duwe tembakan sing kuat kanthi sikil uga duwe kemampuan judhul sing luar biasa. Ing taun 1945, sajrone pertandingan play-off promosi nglawan Granada, dhèwèké main luwih saka 40 menit kanthi fibula rusak sawise tantangan saka José [[Milano|Millán]], nalika menang 4-1 ing tandang adoh. == Urip Pribadi == Pahiño nampa julukan kasebut sawise variasi jeneng kulawarga nomer loro bapakne, Paíño. Dhèwèké pamaca seneng banget karo karya [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] lan [[Leo Tolstoy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1948/06/21/pagina-3/663533/pdf.html|title=Edición del Monday 21 June 1948, Página 3 - Hemeroteca - MundoDeportivo.com|website=hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com|access-date=2021-03-11}}</ref> Insiden setengah wektu nalika internasional karo Switserlan, nalika dhèwèké sinis banget nalika tim kasebut dianiaya dening Jenderal Gómez Zamalloa, sing uga nyuarakake Delegasi Olahraga Nasional, bisa uga nyebabake sawetara penampilan kanggo negarane<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1955/11/28/pagina-3/642613/pdf.html|title=Edición del Monday 28 November 1955, Página 3 - Hemeroteca - MundoDeportivo.com|website=hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com|access-date=2021-03-11}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.elpais.com/memorias-blanco-negro/2014/01/pah%C3%AD%C3%B1o-el-delantero-que-le%C3%ADa-a-dostoievski.html|title=Pahíño, el delantero que leía a Dostoievski|last=de 2014|first=Por: Alfredo Relaño {{!}} 05 de enero|website=Memorias en Blanco y Negro|language=es|access-date=2021-03-11|archive-date=2023-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121121045/https://blogs.elpais.com/memorias-blanco-negro/2014/01/pah%C3%AD%C3%B1o-el-delantero-que-le%C3%ADa-a-dostoievski.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhèwèké tilar donya ing ibukutha Madrid tanggal 12 Juni 2012, yuswa 89 taun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.farodevigo.es/deportes/2010/06/14/sentia-futbolista-diferente-17835485.html|title="Me sentía un futbolista diferente"|last=Vigo|first=J. Conde-|date=2010-06-14|website=Faro de Vigo|language=es|access-date=2021-03-11}}</ref> == Statistik karir == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Kinerja klub ! colspan="2" |Liga ! colspan="2" |Piala ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Gunggunge |- !Mangsa !Klub !Liga !Apps !Gol !Apps !Gol !Apps !Gol !Apps !Gol |- ! colspan="3" |Spanyol ! colspan="2" |Liga ! colspan="2" |Copa del Rey ! colspan="2" |Eropa ! colspan="2" |Total |- |1943–44 | rowspan="5" |[[Celtic F.C.|Celta]] |La Liga |15 |4 |3 |2 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |18 |6 |- |1944–45 |[[Segunda División]] |19 |13 |2 |2 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |21 |15 |- |1945–46 | rowspan="11" |[[LaLiga|La Liga]] |22 |15 |4 |1 | - | - |26 |16 |- |1946–47 |23 |17 |7 |3 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |30 |20 |- |1947–48 |22 |21 |9 |9 | - | - |31 |30 |- |1948–49 | rowspan="5" |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |26 |21 |3 |0 | - | - |29 |21 |- |1949–50 |22 |19 |2 |0 | - | - |26 |19 |- |1950–51 |24 |21 |2 |1 | - | - |26 |22 |- |1951–52 |27 |28 |6 |7 | - | - |33 |35 |- |1952–53 |25 |19 |6 |8 | - | - |31 |27 |- |1953–54 | rowspan="3" |[[Deportivo de La Coruña|Deportivo]] |28 |14 |2 |0 | - | - |30 |14 |- |1954–55 |22 |14 |4 |3 | - | - |26 |21 |- |1955–56 |22 |14 |0 |0 | - | - |22 |14 |- |1956–57 |[[Granada]] |Segunda División |15 |8 |1 |1 | - | - |16 |9 |- |Total | colspan="2" |Spanyol |312 |232 |51 |37 | - | - |363 |269 |- | colspan="3" |Total karir |312 |232 |51 |37 | - | - |363 |269 |} ==== Gol internasional ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !No !Tanggal !Papan !Mungsuh !Skor !Result !Kompetisi |- |1 |20 June 1948 |[[Hardturm]], [[Zürich]], [[Switserlan]] |{{flagicon|Switserlan}} Switserlan |0–'''1''' |3–3 |[[Persahabatan]] |- |2 |27 November 1955 |Dalymount Park, [[Dublin]], Republik Irlandia |{{flagicon|Republik Irlandia}} Republik Irlandia |1–'''1''' |2–2 |Persahabatan |- |3 |27 November 1955 |[[Dalymount Park]], Dublin, [[Républik Irlan|Republik Irlandia]] |{{flagicon|Republik Irlandia}} Republik Irlandia |1–'''2''' |2–2 |Persahabatan |} == Referensi == <references /> [[Kategori:Lair 1923]] [[Kategori:Pati 2012]] g6f6885sx5rmerladi8ke2rz6wy0541 0 176842 1748946 1733001 2026-05-14T03:47:40Z Tx9032f99 72664 1748946 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:La_Boqueria.JPG|jmpl|300x300px| Macem-macem woh-wohan lan sayuran ing La Boqueria, [[Pasar|pasar umum]] ing distrik Ciutat Vella ing [[Barcelona]], Spanyol]] [[Barkas:Food_from_Turkey_(cropped).jpg|jmpl| Sampel saka masakan Turki]] '''Masakan''' minangka salah sawijining gaya [[Olah-olah|masak sing]] ditandani nganggo [[Tetanduran jamu lan bumbu|bahan]], teknik lan masakan sing khas, lan biasane digandhengake karo [[budaya]] utawa wilayah geografis tartamtu. Tradhisi, adat istiadat lan bahan nyiyapake panganan regional asring digabungake kanggo nggawe masakan sing khas ing wilayah tartamtu. <ref>[http://whatscookingamerica.net/AmericanRegionalFoods/RegionalAmericanIndex.htm "Rediscover the flavors and traditions of true American cuisine!"] [http://whatscookingamerica.net Whatscookingamerica.net]. Accessed June 2011.</ref> Masakan wiwit jaman kuno . Nalika panganan wiwit mbutuhake rencana sing luwih akeh, mula ana panganan sing ana ing sekitar budaya. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Cuisine & Empire|last=Laudan|first=Rachel|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-26645-2|pages=11}}</ref> Masakan utamane dipengaruhi dening bahan-bahan sing kasedhiya ing lokal utawa liwat perdagangan, malah bisa digawe bahan sing beda nalika dadi populer ing sawijining wilayah, kayata, beras [[Masakan Jepang|Jepang ing masakan Jepang]] lan chili New Mexico ing masakan New Mexico . Hukum panganan [[agama]] uga bisa nggawa pengaruh sing kuat marang masakan, kayata agama Hindhu ing [[Olah-olahan India|masakan India]], agama Sikh ing masakan Punjabi, Buddha ing masakan Asia Wétan, Islam ing masakan Timur Tengah, lan [[Kosher|agama Yahudi]] ing masakan Israel . Hukum panganan [[agama]] uga bisa nggawa pengaruh sing kuat marang masakan, kayata agama Hindhu ing [[Olah-olahan India|masakan India]], agama Sikh ing masakan Punjabi, Buddha ing masakan Asia Wétan, Islam ing masakan Timur Tengah, lan [[Kosher|agama Yahudi]] ing masakan Israel . [[Barkas:Jacques_Lameloise,_escabèche_d'écrevisses_sur_gaspacho_d'asperge_et_cresson.jpg|jmpl| Tuladha presentasi ''masakan nouvelle.'' [[Marinasi|Panganan iki kalebu]] udang karang [[Gazpacho|diasinake ing]] asparagus gazpacho lan watercress.]] <gallery class="center" caption="" widths="200px" heights="150px"> Barkas:Injera, Ethiopian's traditional food.JPG|[[Eritrean cuisine|Masakan]] khas [[Ethiopian cuisine|Ethiopia]] lan [[Eritrean cuisine|Eritrea]] : ''[[Injèra]]'' (roti kaya pancake) lan sawetara jinis ''wat'' (rebus) Barkas:Iftar.jpg|A nedha bengi [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]] ing [[Tanzania]] Barkas:Yassapoulet.JPG|[[Yassa (food)|Yassa]] minangka panganan sing populer ing saindhenging [[West Africa|Afrika Kulon sing]] disiapake nganggo pitik utawa [[Fish (food)|iwak]] . Ayam yassa gambar. Barkas:Spices1.jpg|Rempah-rempah ing pasar tengah ing [[Agadir]], [[Morocco|Maroko]] </gallery><gallery class="center" caption="" widths="200px" heights="150px"> Barkas:CantoneseRestaurantSeafood.jpg|Amarga [[Guangdong Province|dununge Guangdong]] ing pesisir kidul China, panganan laut seger dadi spesialisasi ing [[Cantonese cuisine|masakan Kanton]] . Pasar kaya sing adol panganan laut ditemokake ing [[East Asia|Asia Wétan]] . Barkas:Vegetarian Curry.jpeg|[[Thali]] vegetarian [[North Indian|India Utara]] tradisional kanthi macem-macem [[Curry|kari]] saka [[India]] . Macem-macem masakan kari ditemokake ing [[South Asia|Asia Kidul]] . Barkas:Thai market food 01.jpg|Kios pasar ing pasar Thanin ing [[Chiang Mai]], [[Thailand]], adol panganan siap masak. Warung pasar sing adol panganan ditemokake ing [[Southeast Asia|Asia Tenggara]] . Barkas:Tajik dastarkhan meal.jpg|Riyaya [[Tajikistan|Tajik]] . Riyaya gedhe umume digandhengake karo budaya ing [[Central Asia|Asia Tengah]] . Barkas:Assyrian cuisine.jpg|Masakan khas [[Assyrian people|Asiria]] ; conto jinis jajanan sing ditemokake ing [[West Asia|Asia Kulon]] . </gallery><gallery class="center" caption="" widths="200px" heights="150px"> Barkas:Sunday roast - roast beef 1.jpg|[[Sunday roast|Panggang Minggu]] Inggris nganggo [[Roast beef|daging sapi]] panggang, kentang panggang, sayuran lan [[Yorkshire pudding|puding Yorkshire]] Barkas:Flickr - cyclonebill - Tapas.jpg|Macem-macem [[tapas]] : panganan pembuka utawa cemilan ing [[Spanish cuisine|masakan Spanyol]] Barkas:German sausages and cheese.jpg|[[Sausage|Sosis]] lan [[Cheese|keju]] Jerman </gallery><gallery class="center" caption="" widths="200px" heights="150px"> Barkas:Australian bush tucker, Alice Springs.jpg|''[[Bush Tucker]]'' (panganan semak) dipanen ing Taman Gurun Alice Springs ing [[Australia]] Barkas:Hangi prepare.jpg|Siji [[Hāngi|Hāngi sing]] disiapake, cara kanggo masak panganan kanggo [[New Zealand|Selandia Anyar]] kanggo acara khusus nggunakake watu panas sing dikubur ing oven pit. Barkas:Pig on the Samoan Umu.jpg|''[[Earth oven|Umu]]'' [[Samoa]], oven watu panas ing ndhuwur lemah </gallery><gallery class="center" caption="" widths="200px" heights="150px"> Barkas:Bandeja paisa 30062011.jpg|[[Bandeja paisa]] saka Peñól de Guatapé ing [[Antioquia Department|Antioquia]], [[Colombia|Kolombia]] . Barkas:Coco bread wrapped beef patty.jpg|[[Jamaican patty|Patty Jamaika]] dibungkus [[Coco bread|roti kepompong]] . Barkas:Buffalo - Wings at Airport Anchor Bar.jpg|[[Buffalo wing|Sayap kebo]] kanthi [[Blue cheese dressing|klamben keju biru]], disedhiyakake nganggo bir lager. Barkas:001 Tacos de carnitas, carne asada y al pastor.jpg|[[Tacos|Taco]] diisi karo sawetara jinis daging, umume [[Beef|daging sapi]], [[Beef|daging]] [[Chicken as food|pitik]] lan [[Pork|daging babi]] . </gallery> == Referensi == [[Kategori:Olah-olahan]] 3jbz5hal9a0lysar4sdx5ayfxqw9db2 0 189357 1748945 1594313 2026-05-14T03:46:58Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Nahki Wells |image = Nahki Wells.jpg |image_size = |caption = Wells main kanggo [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield Town]] ing taun 2015 |fullname = Nahki Michael Wells<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/siteassets/efl-documents/202021/efl-squad-numbering-11.09.2020.pdf |title=Notification of shirt numbers: Bristol City |publisher=English Football League |page=13 |access-date=19 September 2020}}</ref> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|6|1|df=y}}<ref>{{Hugman|25718|access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref> |birth_place = [[Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton]], [[Bermuda]] |height = 1.70 m<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=N. Wells |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/nahki-wells/170326/ |work=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> |position = [[Panyerang]] |currentclub = [[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]] |clubnumber = 21 |youthyears1 = 2002–2009 |youthclubs1 = [[Dandy Town Hornets F.C.|Dandy Town Hornets]] |years1 = 2009–2010 |clubs1 = [[Dandy Town Hornets F.C.|Dandy Town Hornets]] |caps1 = |goals1 = 20 |years2 = 2010 |clubs2 = [[Bermuda Hogges F.C.|Bermuda Hogges]] |caps2 = 9 |goals2 = 2 |years3 = 2010–2011 |clubs3 = [[Eccleshill United F.C.|Eccleshill United]] |caps3 = |goals3 = |years4 = 2011 |clubs4 = [[Carlisle United F.C.|Carlisle United]] |caps4 = 3 |goals4 = 0 |years5 = 2011–2014 |clubs5 = [[Bradford City A.F.C.|Bradford City]] |caps5 = 91 |goals5 = 42 |years6 = 2014 |clubs6 = → [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield Town]] (nyileh) |caps6 = 1 |goals6 = 1 |years7 = 2014–2017 |clubs7 = [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield Town]] |caps7 = 143 |goals7 = 44 |years8 = 2017–2020 |clubs8 = [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]] |caps8 = 9 |goals8 = 0 |years9 = 2018–2019 |clubs9 = → [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] (nyileh) |caps9 = 40 |goals9 = 7 |years10 = 2019–2020 |clubs10 = → [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] (nyileh) |caps10 = 26 |goals10 = 13 |years11 = 2020– |clubs11 = [[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]] |caps11 = 95 |goals11 = 18 |nationalyears1 = |nationalteam1 = {{Timnasu|17|Bermuda}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/concacaf2013/docs/concacaf-u17-men-2007_tsg|title=CONCACAF 2007 Under-17 Tournament Recap|publisher=[[Issuu]]|access-date=23 March 2021|archive-date=15 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615085218/https://issuu.com/concacaf2013/docs/concacaf-u17-men-2007_tsg|url-status=dead}}</ref> |nationalyears2 = |nationalteam2 = {{Timnasu|23|Bermuda}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/concacaf2013/docs/concacaf_olympic_qualifying_men_200|title=CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying 2008|publisher=[[Issuu]]|access-date=23 March 2021|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411213646/https://issuu.com/concacaf2013/docs/concacaf_olympic_qualifying_men_200|url-status=dead}}</ref> |nationalyears3 = 2007– |nationalteam3 = {{Timnas|Bermuda}} |nationalcaps3 = 24 |nationalgoals3 = 17 |club-update = 12:17, 1 May 2022 (UTC) |nationalteam-update = 03:37, 12 June 2022 (UTC) }} '''Nahki Michael Wells''' (lair 1 Junu 1990) yaiku pemain [[bal-balan]] profesional [[Bermuda]] sing main dadi [[panyerang]] kanggo [[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]]. == Referensi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Bermuda]] {{Pemain-sb-stub|Bermuda}} {{Bristol City F.C. squad}} lxmah24gnem7xa9lh3wdipz8dln7o3e 0 193634 1748916 1620505 2026-05-13T13:01:10Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748916 wikitext text/x-wiki === Lampu linier lan lampu linier === Lampu garis minangka lampu lingkungan paling anyar sing dadi salah sawijining produk cahya sing paling héfièntif saiki. Amarga wujudé sing apik lan modèrn, lampu LUD linèr ndadèkaké [[Papan Anggegana Internasional Hong Kong|papan]] iki méwah lan bisa dadi salah siji pilihan sing paling apik kanggo mènèhi padhang lan cahya kanggo papan sing béda. Lampu linièr bisa adaptasi karo kabèh jinis hiasan lan cocog karo kritéria lingkungan . Lampu garis minangka salah sawijining cara lampu sing paling modèrn sing diganti karo lampu lan panèl garis. Amarga kamampuan kanggo ngatur, wiyar cahya lan warna sing dipéngini bisa digunakaké kanggo warna-warna cahya lan warna-warna papan, kaya ta iklan lan kantor, kowé bisa ngalami cahya siji lan digabungaké kanthi tampilan sing moderndah lan modhèrn. Ing kaca iki, kita bakal sinau babagan jinis lampu garis lan cara nginstal lan nginstal lampu garis. [[Barkas:Jvjgvljbkn jlk-min.jpg|jmpl]] ===== Lampu garis lan lampu garis ===== Lampu garis ing lapangan lampu langit langit duwé ukuran lan ukuran sing béda-béda sing ninggalaké tanganmu mbukak kanggo pilihan daya lan ukuran supaya cocog karo panggonan sing bakal digunakaké. Pilih lampu sing cocog lan cocog. Ya, lampu méwah lan akèh digunakaké iki bisa diatur déning noorabin company, lan kowé, para tamu sing kinasih, bisa mréntahaké lampu linièr iki kanthi ukuran sing dikarsakaké، rancangan lampu lan warna pilihan saka toko onlinè noorabin. Yen sampeyan kalebu kategori wong sing peduli banget babagan pencahayaan, sampeyan bisa ndeleng kepiye lingkungan pencahayaan sing beda ing situs wikipedia sampeyan kudu ngerti manawa narik kawigaten lan nggawe kesan apik ing pusat bisnis ت kantor kantor ت lingkungan moss lan ... Iki gumantung karo panggunaan kriteria pencahayaan sing bener lan bener. Ing kasunyatan, gedhe-gedhe tresna kudu ing sembarang lingkungan relatif kanggo kegiatan sing arep rampung ing panggonan ing. Saka [[Panggungan, Loksado, Hulu Sungai Kidul|panggunaan]] sing bener. saliyane dadi sumber cahya sekitar, rasa kesejahteraan lan santai ana papan, kemewahan, lan nyenengake kanggo digawe. wong-wong sing apik ruang kanggo duwe. Salah siji bab sing wigati saiki lan manungsa waé kanggo yodium wis ditambahi، iku panggunaan energyérgi sing cocog. ==== Lampu lampu kanthi lampu garis ==== Lampu linèr sing digunakaké ing fasad kanggo nggambaraké cahya linèr ing fasad bangunan، ing kasunyatan, padha lampu linèr sing padha karo awak kanthi cincin silang kuadrat lan digawé ing manéka ukuran lan ing wangun kuadrat utawa kuadrat. Salah sawijining lumahing produk yodium iki ditutupi karo diffusèr polimèr kanggo liwat lan diffusi cahya sing padha. ===== Lampu lampu kanthi lampu garis ===== Toko onliné Noorabin mènèhi lapisan sing beautdah lan akèh digunakaké kanthi dawa sing béda béda kanggo ngatur marang kowé para tamu sing dikasihi bisa ngatur lampu linièr sing dipéngini kanthi unsur-unsur sing béda lan produktivitas produk iki. Lampu linéar bisa diinstal kanthi wujud dibangun lan dipasang ing lumahing, sing digawé saka yodium sing dièkstruasi, saéngga duwé bobot cahya sing gampang lan aman kanggo diinstal. Kanggo lampu kanthi lampu garis ing fasad bangunan, jinis protèktif lampu iki utawa yodium sing padha kudu digunakaké. Lampu jinis liya sing digunakaké déning akèh wong sing ngrancang produk iki kanthi kréatif، ing lampu fasad, ana watu sing padhang lan lampu hiasan. Kombinasi produk iki lan lampu garis bakal nggawé beautdah ing fasadmu. Watu cahya sing narik ati lan nggumunké minangka lampu anyar ing industri cahya sing ngasilaké kaéndahan sing nggumunaké. Struktur prodhuk iki ya iku kumpulan Lédhé kang disèbut ing lapisan kang digawé saka résin époxy؛ watu optik amarga lapisan sing ora transparan sing ngubungi lédhé do ora nduwé padhang lan ora ngganggu mripaté. ===== Lampu garis ===== Lampu sing digunakake digunakake dirancang lan dibangun kanthi tujuan dikubur ing lantai lan ing njaba bangunan nanging kaya sing kasebut ing fasad bangunan uga digunakake dening akeh desainer profesional lan mewah. Lampu linier sing serbaguna lan apik banget iki duwe perlindungan lan resistensi dhuwur marang macem-macem faktor yodium amarga digunakake ing lingkungan sing mbukak. Lampu linier diproduksi lan diwenehake kanthi macem-macem dimensi dening perusahaan norabin kanthi manufaktur berkualitas tinggi lan bahan paling apik. Wajar aja sih kalo lampu nya banyak digunakan gara-gara bahan résin they padha duwé bobot sing cukup lan padhang، supaya nginstal lampu linièr ing fasad bangunan sangat prasaja w ya, iku luwih apik lan luwih aman kanggo migunakaké yèn lampu ayu iki ing cahya saka fasad bangunan sing luwih dibangun ing. Lampu garis khusus ing lampu Akibaté, toko onliné noorabin nggatèkké konsumsi yérgi sing optimal ing kabèh proyèk lampu lan produk konstruksi lan lampu. Ing gati, norabin company nawakaké sawijining produk karo kualitas paling apik bisa miturut standar global lan amarga konsumsi kurang saka lampu linièr kanggo ngirit biaya،. Lampu lilin minangka salah sawijining jinis lampu lilin lan klompok lampu magnèt sing digunakaké ing modèl lilin lan ril ... Iki diprodhuksi. Kang saliyané uniformitas cahya light wong-wong kuwi ora nggunakké listrik lan nggunakké lingkungan sing beautdah. Lampu linièr kanthi ukuran sing béda-béda kanthi instalasi sing dibangun ing lumahing lan minangka salah sawijining solusi cahya paling anyar lan paling apik ing ruang méwah؛ produk-produk iki minangka sing paling kompatibilitas lan harmoni karo arsitèktur batin modhèrn lan nggawé papan iki luar biasa. ==== Lampu garis khusus ==== Lampu linièr dipigunakaké ing koridor bangunan kantor ک komplèks dagang lan non-dagang sing, amarga katon méwah lan modhèrn, dipigunakaké minangka lampu hiasan lan saliyané supplièr padhang ing، umum dipigunakaké. Lampu linièr bisa dipasang ing langit langit lantai lan langit-langit témbok sing akèh digunakaké kanggo cahya produk-produk iki lan fluktuatif. Jinis lampu garis lan lampu garis   Lilin lilin ing pirang-pirang taun pungkasan sangat disambut déning désain lan arsitèk lampu dumunung, lan ing akèh proyèk tartamtu, tinimbang Lampu panèl sing générasi sadurungé piranti padhang lan lampu wis SAKA LAMPU LILIN lilin, lilin dipigunakaké, lsp., lampu garis ing pirang-pirang klompok barang miturut jinis instalasi lan profil, awak dipérang. Ing situs iki uga ana pasar umum lini LINI, cahya sing nyawiji lumahing lini lan kanthi warna awak adat warna custom, lan sudhut kurva amarga Wujud map sing dikarsakaké bisa dibangun, ditawaraké lan diprodhuksi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nourabin.com/linear-led-light|title=چراغ خطی {{!}} خرید و قیمت چراغ ال ای دی خطی و انواع نور خطی|website=نورابین|language=fa|access-date=2023-01-31|archive-date=2022-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127005615/https://nourabin.com/linear-led-light|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===== Jinis montor linièr ===== <nowiki>*</nowiki> Lilin lumahing lilin gunung tanpa butuh knaufing <nowiki>*</nowiki> Nginstal lampu garis sing dibangun kudu ngrusak témbok utawa lumahing palsu <nowiki>*</nowiki> Lilin LILIN lilin lilin lilin lilin lilin lilin lilin lilin lilin lilin lilin lilin <nowiki>*</nowiki> Luminar linièr panguburan diinstal mung dibangun ing tanah lan dawa maksimum sing digabung 6 m <nowiki>*</nowiki> Instalasi sing dibangun lampu garis sing dikurung lan rancangan kustomisasi ====== Lampu garis lumahing ====== Model lampu linier iki ora perlu kanggo nggawe potongan lan rongga ing langit langit utawa tembok lan wis diinstal minangka lumahing ing layar sing dipengini ing lingkungan beda؛ dadi nginstal model lampu linier iki gampang banget. Yen sampeyan ngrancang pencahayaan ing lingkungan sing langit langit Lan tembok wis dileksanakake، pilihan sing paling apik yaiku nggunakake lampu permukaan utawa sensil linier sing gampang lan bebas kuwatir sing dipasang ing tembok utawa langit-langit. Lampu sing digunakake kanthi wiyar iki kaya lampu sing dibangun ing langit-langit bangunan kantor sing digantung، hotel comple kompleks komersial ک koridor kopi ک restoran lan ... Padha bisa diinstal. amarga saka instalasi lampu linièr, lumahing luwih waras lan ora mbutuhaké bangunan témbok lan konstruksi témbok ، lampu linièr ing lumahing uga duwé kamampuan kanggo ngatur awak sing duwé warna sing aku mutusaké kanggo cocog karo hiasan lingkungan, gawé lan ndhaftar urutan ing cahya minangka lampu linièr khusus. Kowé bisa nonton liwat pranala sing ana ing ndhuwur lumahing lapisan lampu. ==== Lampu linièr sing dibangun ==== Umumé, lampu linèr duwé wujud linèr sing wujudé wujud lèmpèng - lèmpèng sing diyasa-in ing langit - langit sing digantung utawa konvènsional dipasang. Nalika milih lampu sing apik lan fungsional iki, kudu mbayar manungsa waé kanggo kasunyatan sing iku bisa kanggo nginstal ganja dibangun ing utawa ora؛ sing uga kudu mbayar manungsa waé kanggo ukuran lan ukuran lampu iki before sadurungé tuku، supaya ora njaluk ing alangan sak instalasi. Contoné, nggunakké lampu garis sing dibangun ing langit-langit sing digantung kuwi pilihan sing apik. Lampu linièr sing dibangun, kaya lampu linièr liyané ing langit - langit komplèks dagang biasa lan palsu-hotèl-koridor-bangunan kantor-réstoran lan warung kopi ... Digunakaké. Lampu garis sing diisi lan garis optik sing diisi ===== Lampu garis ===== Lampu linier آ kaya lampu linier permukaan not ora prelu nglereni langit-langit. Lampu, gantungan linier, mung kanthi bantuan stand khusus dipasang mesthi, lampu gantungan, kanthi lampu LED, permukaan lan prabédan sing ana, prabédan iki yaiku kanthi nggunakake gantungan, garis bisa dadi garis, optik, lingkungan sing beda, desa lan ruang sing luwih modern lan mewah. Supaya nggunakake lampu linear, akèh manungsa waé kudu mbayar kanggo dhuwur hard kanggo amarga ing standar cahya global، lampu yodium digunakake kanggo langit-langit dhuwur. Lampu linier (yodium) duwe rong model sing beda babagan jinis lampu. Lampu l lan lampu tanpa lampu L sing bisa digunakaké nganggo lampu fluorèsèn utawa L 5 L supaya wong sing dikasihi bisa milih salah sawijining jinis lampu iki miturut kabutuhan lan unsur lingkungan. ===== Lampu garis ===== Mesthi wae, panggunaan lampu LED luwih populer amarga lampu linier kanthi desain modern lan canggih kanthi sumber lampu LED Line Garis kasebut nyedhiyakake cahya non-gangguan sing nyebarake cahya kanthi rata lan ngirit konsumsi energi lan biaya also uga salah sawijining fitur produk kasebut yaiku kurang glare sing ora ngganggu Pengamat eye.so lampu LED linier minangka pilihan sing paling cocog kanggo macem-macem ruang. Nalika milih lampu LED linier, sampeyan kudu mbayar manungsa waé kanggo tcterms penting banget, kayata ukuran lampu linier type jinis instalasi ing padhang saka lampu linier lan umur saka macem-macem model آ akèh manungsa waé. ====== Warna awak cahya linier ====== Lampu linèr warna awak minangka salah sawijining modhèl lampu linèr paling anyar sing bisa ngatur awak lampu linèr lumahing lan lampu yènviz ing situs norabin. Lampu linièr awak warna bisa diinstal ing lumahing saéngga saliyané aspèk hiasan, iku minangka sumbu cahya sing kuwat kanggo lingkungan sing dipéngini. Lampu linéar warna awak lan lumahing bisa diprodhuksi kanthi warna sing padha karo hiasan omah utawa warna lingkungan kantor lan kafé. 8haumjiv0g9hpkc83lp9n7l9num5njh 0 194419 1748933 1723257 2026-05-13T23:04:59Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748933 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mikir kritis''' ya iku cara mikir manungsa nalika nanggepi wong<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ARGFGTHqGlYC&pg=PT207&lpg=PT207&dq=berpikir+kritis&source=bl&ots=Vcdm9qJ8hD&sig=jCouIJ-puTzZVXD8uWYp1RHgYRE&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwitvteC2cDaAhWLq48KHQY8Cn04ChDoAQhBMAc#v=onepage&q=berpikir%20kritis&f=false|title=Revolusi Beripikir|publisher=PT Mizan Publika|isbn=9789791284011|language=id}}</ref> kanthi cara nganalisis kasunyatan saperlu nggawé pambijèn.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766|title=Defining Critical Thinking|publisher=The International Center for the Assessment of Higher Order Thinking (ICAT, AS)/Critical Thinking Community|access-date=2017-03-22|author=Edward M. Glaser}}</ref> Subjèké komplèks, lan ana sawenèh dèfinisi kang béda babagan konsèp iki, kang lumrahé ngrakup analisis rasional, skèptis, ora bias, utawa évaluasi bukti kang sunyata. Pokok isiné wujud mikir kritis iku pamikiran mandhiri, pandhisiplinan, pawawangan, lan korèksi awaké dhéwé.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Clarke|first=John|title=Critical Dialogues: Thinking Together in Turbulent Times|date=2019|publisher=Policy Press|isbn=978-1-4473-5097-2|location=Bristol|pages=6}}</ref> Mikir kritis ancasé kanggo nggolèki pasarujukan marang standar unggul kang ketat lan panganggo kang bener. Bab iki mbutuhaké sesambungan kang éfèktif lan kabisan parampungan prakara sarta kanggo ngadhepi [[égoséntrisme]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telacommunications.com/nutshell/stages.htm|title=Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development|website=www.telacommunications.com|access-date=2018-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509060129/http://www.telacommunications.com/nutshell/stages.htm|archive-date=9 Mèi 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/fulfillment-any-age/201204/it-s-fine-line-between-narcissism-and-egocentrism|title=It's a Fine Line Between Narcissism and Egocentrism|website=Psychology Today|access-date=2018-04-03}}</ref> lan [[étnoséntrisme]]. == Sajarah == [[Barkas:Head of Socrates in Palazzo Massimo alle Terme (Rome).JPG|thumb|Reca [[Sokratès]]]] Cathetan paling dhisik babagan pamikiran kritis iku piwulangé [[Sokratès]] kang dicathet déning [[Plato]]. Cathetané ngemu pérangan pacelathoné Plato. Pacelathoné iku isiné ngenani Sokratès caturan karo siji utawa luwih lawan wicara babagan prakara [[étika]] kaya déné pitakonan: apa becik Sokratès mlayu saka pakunjaran.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Visser|first1=Jan|title=Seeking Understanding: The Lifelong Pursuit to Build the Scientific Mind|last2=Visser|first2=Muriel|date=2019|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-41680-2|location=Leiden|pages=233}}</ref> Para filsuf nimbang-nimbang lan mikir pitakonan iki lan olèh dudutan yèn "mlayu saka pakunjaran" bakal nglanggar sakabèhing bab kang dhèwèké ugemi marang bab kang luwih luhur saka dhèwèké dhéwé: ya iku ukum [[Aténa]], lan Sokratès ndhaku kaprungu swara panuntun (wangsit).<ref name=":0" /> Sokratès netepaké kasunyatan yèn sawijining wong ora bisa gegondhèlan karo wong kang "wenang" kanggo ndarbèni kawruh lan wawasan kang becik. Dhèwèké nuduhaké yèn wong bisa nduwé kuwasa lan pangkat dhuwur, nanging bingung lan irasional banget. Sokratès awèh panemu yèn wong kang kapéngin nduwé kauripan kang apik lan patut dilakoni, dhèwèké kudu dadi tukang takon mawa sipat kritis lan jiwa interogatif.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Stanlick|first1=Nancy A.|title=Asking Good Questions: Case Studies in Ethics and Critical Thinking|last2=Strawser|first2=Michael J.|date=2015|publisher=Hackett Publishing|isbn=978-1-58510-755-1|location=Indianapolis|pages=6}}</ref> Dhèwèké netepaké kaya apa wigatiné ngajokaké pitakonan kang jeru menyang pamikiran sadurungé awaké dhéwé nampa gagasan minangka kaanan kang patut dipitayani. Sokratès netepaké kaya apa wigatiné "nggolèki bukti, mriksa panalaran lan asumsi kanthi ngati-ati, nganalisis konsèp dhasar, lan nlusuri implikasi ora mung saka apa kang diujaraké, nanging uga saka apa kang ditindakaké".<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Chiarini|first1=Andrea|title=Understanding the Lean Enterprise: Strategies, Methodologies, and Principles for a More Responsive Organization|last2=Found|first2=Pauline|last3=Rich|first3=Nicholas|date=2015|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-19994-8|location=Cham|pages=132}}</ref> Mètodhe pitakonan iki sapréné aran "[[Pitakonan Sokratès]]" lan minangka strategi pamulangan mikir kritis kang paling kawentar. Ing sajroning modhe pitakonané, Sokratès miterang preluné mikir kanggo pawedharan lan konsistènsi logis. Dhèwèké ngajokaké pitakonan marang wong-wong kang ngudhar pamikiran irasional utawa kurangé kawruh kang bisa diandelaké. Sokratès nuduhaké yèn ndarbèni wenang ora njamin kawruh kang akurat. Dhèwèké netepaké mètodhe mitakoni kapitayan, mriksa asumsi kanthi ngati-ati lan ngandelaké bukti lan alesan kang kena ing nalar. Plato nyathet piwulangé Sokratès lan mbacutaké tradhisi mikir kritis. [[Aristotélès]] lan skèptis Yunani sabanjuré nyampurnakaké piwulangé Sokratès, nganggo pamikiran sistematis lan ngajokaké pitakonan kanggo mesthèkaké sipat satemené saka babagan kang nyata ing jaba cara bab-bab saka pasawangan saklébatan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/a-brief-history-of-the-idea-of-critical-thinking/408|title=A Brief History of the Idea of Critical Thinking|website=www.criticalthinking.org|access-date=2018-03-14}}</ref> Sokratès netepaké agènda tradhisi mikir kritis, ya iku kanthi cara réflèktif mitakonaké kapitayan lan wedharan umum kanthi ngati-ati mbédakaké kapitayan kang kena ing nalar lan logis karo kurangé bukti kang cukup utawa landhesan rasional kanggo njamin kapitayan. Mikir kritis diandharaké déning Richard W. Paul minangka obahan (''movement'') kang dumadi saka rong gelombang (1994).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Re-Thinking Reason|last=Walters|first=Kerry|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1994|location=Albany|pages=181–98}}</ref> "Gelombang kapisan" mikir kritis kerep ingaran 'analisis kritis' kang cetha, ya iku pamikiran rasional kang nglebokaké kritik. Rerincèné akèh jinisé manut wong-wong kang mènèhi surasa. Miturut Barry K. Beyer (1995), mikir kritis tegesé nggawé pambijèn kang cetha lan nduwé alesan. Sasuwéné prosès mikir kritis, idé-idé kudu nduwé alesan, dipikir kanthi trep, lan dibiji.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://myweb.wvnet.edu/~jelkins/critproj/overview.html|title = The Critical Thinking Movement: Alternating Currents in One Teacher's Thinking|first = James R.|last = Elkins|access-date = 23 Maret 2014|website = myweb.wvnet.edu|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180613084853/http://myweb.wvnet.edu/~jelkins/critproj/overview.html|archive-date = 13 Juni 2018|url-status = dead}}</ref> Dhéwan Nasional AS kanggo Kaunggulan sajroning Mikir Kritis<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.criticalthinking.org//|title=Critical Thinking Index Page}}</ref> nyurasani yèn mikir kritis minangka "prosès dhisiplin intelèktual kanthi giyat lan prigel ngonsèptualisasiaké, nrapaké, nganalisis, nyintèsis, utawa mbiji katrangan kang diklumpukaké saka–utawa diasilaké déning–pangamatan, pangalaman, réflèksi, panalaran, utawa sesambungan, minangka panuntun kanggo kapitayan lan tindak tanduk."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766|title=Defining Critical Thinking}}</ref> == Dèfinisi == === Sacara padatan === Sacara padatan, mikir kritis nduwé manéka dèfinisi kaya ta: * "Prosès ngonsèptualisasiaké, nrapaké, nganalisis, nyintèsis, lan mbiji katrangan kanthi giyat lan prigel saperlu nggayuh pawangsulan utawa dudutan"<ref name="reference.com">{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/critical|title=Critical – Define Critical at Dictionary.com|work=Dictionary.com|access-date=2016-02-24}}</ref> * "Pamikiran dhisiplin kang cetha, rasional, mawa pikiran binuka, lan katerangaké karo bukti"<ref name="reference.com"/> * "Pambijèn kanggo tujuan lan nata dhèwèké dhéwé kang ngasilaké interpretasi, analisis, évaluasi, lan dudutan, sarta wedharan babagan pratimbangan bukti, konsèptual, mètodhologis, kriteriaologis, utawa kontèkstual kang dadi dhasaring pambijèn iku."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insightassessment.com/CT-Resources/Teaching-For-and-About-Critical-Thinking/Critical-Thinking-What-It-Is-and-Why-It-Counts/Critical-Thinking-What-It-Is-and-Why-It-Counts-PDF|last=Facione|first=Peter A.|title=Critical Thinking: What It is and Why It Counts|publisher=insightassessment.com|year=2011|page=26|access-date=4 Agustus 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729185619/http://www.insightassessment.com/CT-Resources/Teaching-For-and-About-Critical-Thinking/Critical-Thinking-What-It-Is-and-Why-It-Counts/Critical-Thinking-What-It-Is-and-Why-It-Counts-PDF|archive-date=29 Juli 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> * "Kalebu komitmen kanggo migunakaké akal sajroning parumusan kapitayaning awaké dhéwé"<ref name=mulnix>{{cite journal | last1 = Mulnix | first1 = J. W. | year = 2010 | title = Thinking critically about critical thinking | journal = Educational Philosophy and Theory | volume = 44| issue = 5| page = 471 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00673.x | s2cid = 145168346 }}</ref> * "Kaprigelan lan kaluwihan kanggo mèlu kagiyatan mawa skèptisisme réflèktif" (McPeck, [[1981]])<ref>{{Cite document|title=Critical Thinking: A Question of Aptitude and Attitude?|s2cid=37573705|doi=10.5840/inquiryctnews20102524}}</ref> * Mikir babagan pamikiraning wong liya kanthi cara nata lan klarifikasi, mundhakaké éfisiènsi, lan nepungi kasalahan lan bias sajroning pamikirané dhéwé. Mikir kritis dudu mikir 'abot', lan uga ora nduwé piguna kanggo ngrampungaké prakara (kajaba 'mundhakaké' pamikirané dhéwé). Mikir kritis karepé kanggo maksimalaké rasionalitas wong kang mikir. Wong ora nganggo pamikiran kritis kanggo ngrampungaké prakara, nanging kanggo mundhakaké prosès mikiré.<ref>Carmichael, Kirby; letter to Olivetti, Laguna Salada Union School District, Mei 1997.</ref> * "Pambijèné dhedhasar évaluasi analitis kang ngati-ati"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/critical+analysis|title=critical analysis|newspaper=TheFreeDictionary.com|access-date=2016-11-30}}</ref> * "Mikir kritis iku jinis pola pikir kang mbutuhaké sawiji wong supaya luwih réflèktif, lan nggatèkaké panjupukan kaputusan kang bakal nuntun menyang kapitayan lan tindak tanduké. Mikir kritis nggawé wong ngimpun dudutan mawa luwih akèh logika, mrosès informasi kang canggih lan ndeleng saka sawetara sisih prakara, mula dhèwèké padha bisa ngasilaké dudutan kang luwih solid."<ref>{{Cite journal|date=Fèbruari 1988|title=Book Reviews and Notes : Teaching Thinking Skills: Theory and Practice. Joan Baron and Robert Sternberg. 1987. W.H. Freeman, & Co., New York. 275 pages. Index. ISBN 0-7167-1791-3. Paperback|journal=Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society|volume=8|issue=1|pages=101|doi=10.1177/0270467688008001113|s2cid=220913799|issn=0270-4676}}</ref> * Mikir kritis ndarbèni 7 titikan kritis: péngin ngerti lan péngin weruh, mikir binuka saka sisih kang béda, bisa mikir sistematis, analitis, gigih marang kaleresan, pracaya dhiri bab pamikiran kritisé dhéwé, lan pungkasané, dadi diwasa.<ref name="Facione 1–4">{{Cite journal|last1=Facione|first1=Peter A.|last2=Facione|first2=Noreen C.|date=March 1993|title=Profiling critical thinking dispositions|journal=Assessment Update|volume=5|issue=2|pages=1–4|doi=10.1002/au.3650050202|issn=1041-6099}}</ref> * Senajan ta mikir kritis bisa didèfinisikaké ing sawetara cara kang béda, ana pasarujukan umum ing komponèn pokoké — kapénginan kanggo nggayuh asil kang maremaké, lan iki kudu digayuh karo pamikiran rasional lan cara kang bisa ngolèhaké asil. Halpern mikir yèn mikir kritis nyampuraké kabisan kang disinaoni kaya ta parampungan prakara, pétungan, lan patrapan probabilitas kang kasil. Bab iki uga kalebu kacondhongan kanggo nyampuraké prosès mikir. Kang paling anyar, Stanovich mitayani yèn tès IQ modhèren mèh ora bisa ngukur kabisaning mikir kritis.<ref>{{Citation|last=Halpern|first=Diane F.|editor3-first=Diane F|editor3-last=Halpern|editor2-first=Henry L|editor2-last=Roediger Iii|editor1-first=Robert J|editor1-last=Sternberg|chapter=The Nature and Nurture of Critical Thinking|pages=1–14|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780511804632|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511804632.002|title=Critical Thinking in Psychology|year=2006}}</ref> *"Mikir kritis satemené ya iku mitakoni, nantang kawruh lan kawicaksanan kang dirasakaké. Bab iki nganggo idé-idé lan informasi saka posisi objèktif lan tumuli mitakonaké katrangan iki sajroning pangaji-aji awaké dhéwé, solah lan filosofi pribadi."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Judge |first1=Brenda |last2=McCreery |first2=Elaine |last3=Jones |first3=Patrick |title=Critical Thinking Skills for Education Students |date=2009 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-1-84445-556-0 |page=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tGho4-SsPWEC&pg=PT8 |language=en}}</ref> === Sacara panalitèn === Para sarjana pamikir kritis kontèmporèr njembaraké mikir kritis ing sajroning dèfinisi padatan. Bab iki kalebu kuwalitas, konsèp, lan prosès kaya déné kréativitas, angen-angen, panemon, réflèksi, empati, kawruh panghubung, téori fèminis, subjèktivitas, ambiguitas, lan kaora-cethaan. Sawenèh dèfinisi mikir kritis ora nglebokaké praktik subjèktif iki.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Re-Thinking Reason|last=Walters|first=Kerry|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1994|location=Albany}}</ref><ref name="reference.com" /> ==== Déning Ennis ==== # Miturut Ennis, “Mikir kritis iku prosès pandhisiplinan intelèktual kanggo ngonsèptualisasiaké, nrapaké, nganalisis, nyintèsis, lan/utawa mbiji katrangan kang diklumpukaké saka–utawa diasilaké déning–pangamatan, pangalaman, réflèksi, panalaran, utawa sesambungan, minangka panuntun kanggo kapitayan lan tindak tanduk."<ref>{{Citation|last=Ennis|first=Robert H.|chapter=Critical Thinking|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781137378057|doi=10.1057/9781137378057.0005|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Thinking in Higher Education|year=2015}}</ref> Dèfinisi Ennis iki disarujuki banget déning Harvey Siegel,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Siegel|first=Harvey|date=27 September 2013|title=Educating Reason|doi=10.4324/9781315001722|isbn=9781315001722|edition=1}}</ref> Peter Facione,<ref name="Facione 1–4"/> lan Deanna Kuhn.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kuhn|first=Deanna|date=January 2015|title=Thinking Together and Alone|journal=Educational Researcher|volume=44|issue=1|pages=46–53|doi=10.3102/0013189x15569530|s2cid=145335117|issn=0013-189X}}</ref> # Miturut dèfinisi Ennis, mikir kritis mbutuhaké akèh kawigatèn lan fungsi utek. Yèn mikir kritis dianggo ing pawiyatan, bab iki bakal mbiyantu uteké para siswa nduwé fungsi luwih apik lan mangertèni tèks kanthi béda. # Bidang piwulang kang béda bokmenawa mbutuhaké jinis pamikiran kritis kang béda. Mikir kritis mènèhi luwih akèh perspèktif ing materi kang padha. ==== Déning ''National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking'' ==== Ing taun [[1987]], ing sajroning prèsentasi ing ''Annual International Conference on Critical Thinking and Education Reform ka-8'', [[Michael Scriven]] lan Richard Paul medharaké yèn mikir kritis nglebokaké prosès kang giyat lan kebak kabisan saperlu nggawé konsèp, nrapaké, nganalisis, nyintèsis, lan mawang sawiji prakara kang diolèhaké apadéné diripta saka pangamatan, pangalaman, sesambungan, lan sapanunggalané.<ref name="criticalthinking">{{Cite web|url=https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766|title=Defining Critical Thinking|website=www.criticalthinking.org|language=en|access-date=2018-04-29}}</ref> Ana 2 komponèn kang mujudaké kabisan mikir kritis, ya iku: # Kabisan kanggo ngasilaké lan mrosès informasi utawa kapitayan. # Kalumrahan, mawa landhesan komitmen intelèktual. ==== Déning Edward Glaser ==== Ing seminar pawiyatan lan pamikiran kritis ing taun [[1941]], Edward Glaser medhar 3 bab kang mujudaké kabisan mikir kritis.<ref name="criticalthinking" /> # Pangertèn mikir mawa sipat grapyak ing saben prakara kang bakal teka # Kawruh lan péngin weruh # Kabisan liya kanggo nrapaké kabisan mikir == Uga delengen == * [[Indoktrinasi]] * [[Kritik]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Wacan bacutan == === Buku === * {{cite book |title=Critical Reasoning: Understanding and Criticizing Arguments and Theories |url=https://archive.org/details/criticalreasonin0000cede_g8g8 |first1=J B. |last1=Cederblom |first2=David |last2=Paulsen |edition=7 |isbn=978-0495808787 |year=2012 |publisher=Cengage Learning |location=Andover, Hampshire, UK}} * Damer, T. Edward. (2005) [[Attacking Faulty Reasoning]], Edisi ke-6, Wadsworth. {{ISBN|0-534-60516-8}} * Dauer, Francis Watanabe. ''Critical Thinking: An Introduction to Reasoning'', 1989, {{ISBN|978-0-19-504884-1}} * Fisher, Alec and Scriven, Michael. (1997) ''Critical Thinking: Its Definition and Assessment'', Center for Research in Critical Thinking (Inggris)/Edgepress (AS). {{ISBN|0-9531796-0-5}} * Hamby, B.W. (2007) ''The Philosophy of Anything: Critical Thinking in Context.'' Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque Iowa. {{ISBN|978-0-7575-4724-9}} * [[Vincent F. Hendricks]]. (2005) ''Thought 2 Talk: A Crash Course in Reflection and Expression'', New York: [[Automatic Press / VIP]]. {{ISBN|87-991013-7-8}} * {{cite book |title=A Field Guide to Lies and Statistics |year=2017 |first=Daniel |last=Levitin |author-link=Daniel Levitin |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0241239995}} (alias ''Weaponized Lies: How to Think Critically in the Post-Truth Era'') * Moore, Brooke Noel and Parker, Richard. (2012) ''Critical Thinking''. Edisi ke-10. Diterbitkan oleh McGraw-Hill. {{ISBN|0-07-803828-6}}. * Paul, Richard. (1995) ''Critical Thinking: How to Prepare Students for a Rapidly Changing World''. edisi ke-4. Foundation for Critical Thinking. {{ISBN|0-944583-09-1}}. * Paul, Richard and Elder, Linda. (2006) ''Critical Thinking Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life'', [[New Jersey]]: Prentice Hall Publishing. {{ISBN|0-13-114962-8}}. * Sagan, Carl. (1995) ''[[The Demon-Haunted World: Science As a Candle in the Dark]]''. Ballantine Books. {{ISBN|0-345-40946-9}} * [[Theodore Schick]] & Lewis Vaughn "How to Think About Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age" (2010) {{ISBN|0-7674-2048-9}} * van den Brink-Budgen, R (2010) 'Critical Thinking for Students', How To Books. {{ISBN|978-1-84528-386-5}} * Whyte, J. (2003) ''Bad Thoughts – A Guide to Clear Thinking'', Corvo. {{ISBN|0-9543255-3-2}}. *David Carl Wilson (2020) ''A Guide to Good Reasoning: Cultivating Intellectual Virtues'' (2nd edition) University of Minnesota Libraries Ebook {{ISBN|978-1-946135-66-7}} Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International License, at https://open.lib.umn.edu/goodreasoning/ * Zeigarnik, B.V. (1927). Pada tugas yang sudah selesai dan yang belum selesai. Dalam terjemahan [[Basa Inggris|bahasa Inggris]]. Disunting oleh Willis D. Ellis; dengan pengantar oleh Kurt Koffka. (1997). Sebuah buku sumber psikologi gestalt xiv, hlm. 403: ill.; 22&nbsp;cm Highland, N.Y: Gestalt Journal Press. "Edisi Gestalt Journal Press ini adalah cetak ulang kata demi kata dari buku yang aslinya diterbitkan pada tahun 1938" – T.p. verso. {{ISBN|9780939266302}}. {{OCLC|38755142}} === Pasal === * {{cite journal|author=Butler, Heather|author2=Christopher Pentoney|author3=Mabelle P. Bong|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1871187116300384|title=Predicting real-world outcomes: Critical thinking ability is a better predictor of life decisions than intelligence|journal=[[Thinking Skills and Creativity]]|volume=25|date=September 2017|pages=38–46|doi=10.1016/j.tsc.2017.06.005}} - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318097450_Predicting_Real-World_Outcomes_Critical_Thinking_Ability_is_a_Better_Predictor_of_Life_Decisions_than_Intelligence See at] [[ResearchGate]] * Facione, P. 2007. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20071215112052/http://www.insightassessment.com/articles.html Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts – 2007 Update]'' * Kompf, M., & Bond, R. (2001). Critical reflection in adult education. In T. Barer-Stein & M. Kompf(Eds.), ''The craft of teaching adults'' (hlm.&nbsp;21–38). Toronto, ON: Irwin. * McPeck, J. (1992). Thoughts on subject specificity. In S. Norris (Ed.), ''The generalizability of critical thinking'' (hlm.&nbsp;198–205). New York: Teachers College Press. * {{cite journal | last1 = Mulnix | first1 = J. W. | year = 2010 | title = Thinking critically about critical thinking | journal = Educational Philosophy and Theory | volume = 44| issue = 5| pages = 464–479| doi = 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00673.x | s2cid = 145168346 }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Paul | first1 = R | year = 1982 | title = Teaching critical thinking in the strong sense: A focus on self-deception, world views and a dialectical mode of analysis | journal = Informal Logic Newsletter | volume = 4 | issue = 2| pages = 2–7 }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Pavlidis | first1 = Periklis | year = 2010 | title = Critical Thinking as Dialectics: a Hegelian–Marxist Approach | url = http://www.jceps.com/index.php?pageID=article&articleID=194 | journal = Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | access-date = 2023-05-31 | archive-date = 2013-05-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130511175223/http://www.jceps.com/index.php?pageID=article&articleID=194 | url-status = dead }} * Twardy, Charles R. (2003) [http://cogprints.org/3008/ Argument Maps Improve Critical Thinking]. ''[[Teaching Philosophy]]'' 27:2 Juni 2004. == Pranala jaba == * [https://iep.utm.edu/crit-thi/ Mikir Kritis]. ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. * [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/critical-thinking/ "Critical Thinking"] ing Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy * [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-informal/ "Informal logic"] ing Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy * [https://philpapers.org/browse/critical-thinking Mikir kritis] ing PhilPapers * [https://www.inphoproject.org/taxonomy/2410 Mikir kritis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009090545/https://www.inphoproject.org/taxonomy/2410 |date=2023-10-09 }} ing Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project * {{curlie|Science/Science_in_Society/Skeptical_Inquiry/Critical_Thinking}} * [http://www.csicop.org/si/2006-02/thinking.html Mikir Kritis: Apa Pigunané? (Kasunyatané, Apa Iku?)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815022456/http://www.csicop.org/si/2006-02/thinking.html |date=2009-08-15 }} déning Howard Gabennesch, kalawarta ''Skeptical Inquirer''. * [http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/glossary-of-critical-thinking-terms/496 Glosarium Tetembungan Mikir Kritis] * [http://philosophy.hku.hk/think Wèb Mikir Kritis] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Fix7kFXysY Chris Sowton - Ékosistem mikir kritis–Kenapa tanggung jawab sakabèhé wong?] Dibabar déning Cambridge University Press English Language Teaching * [https://www.thecriticalthinkinginitiative.org/ Initatif Mikir Kritis]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} diripta déning Steven J. Pearlman lan David Carillo. {{DEFAULTSORT:Mikir, Kritis}} [[Kategori:Pikiran]] [[Kategori:Psikologi]] [[Kategori:Pawiyatan]] luirxnb1c9syp6womnkhwfvajt1qjee 4 194984 1748935 1748578 2026-05-14T00:30:39Z LabdajiwaBot 42498 Bot: Ngarsipaké 1 lembar saka [[Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta]] 1748935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arsip|Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta}} == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar & Auckland Museum student update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Januari 2026 12.57 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29895284 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini berfokus pada tren global, uji coba yang lebih cepat dan lebih sehat, dukungan yang lebih baik bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, peningkatan kolaborasi lintas proyek, dan upaya memperluas dan mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan Tim Community Tech dalam proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Daftar pantau ganda]] (''Multiple watchlists''), tampilan [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] akan diperbarui sebagai langkah awal menuju penerapan beberapa daftar pantau. Selain itu, sistem penomoran halaman pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] juga akan diperbarui sebagai bagian dari pengerjaan permintaan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|perombakan penomoran dan navigasi halaman]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] merupakan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|ekstensi]] MediaWiki yang memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini baru-baru ini diperbarui agar tampilannya lebih menyerupai [[Special:Watchlist|Daftar pantau]] biasa, termasuk untuk menyiapkannya menghadapi penggunaan akun sementara dalam penyamaran IP (misalnya dengan mengarahkan ulang pranala pengguna ke halaman kontribusi), menampilkan judul halaman dengan huruf tebal, dan membuka pranala dalam ringkasan suntingan dan label di tab peramban baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika pemblokiran global tidak memiliki opsi untuk menonaktifkan pengiriman surel kini telah diperbaiki, dan fitur tersebut dapat digunakan pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|Perkakas pengutipan di VisualEditor]] dan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Pratinjau Rujukan]] kini mendukung jenis rujukan "peta". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Januari 2026 19.32 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == ''The Signpost'': 15 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/News and notes|Wikipedia's 25th anniversary is here!]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Special report|Wikipedia at 25: A Wake-Up Call]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Serendipity|The WMF wants to buy you books!]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/WikiProject report|Time for a health check: the Vital Signs 2026 campaign]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/In the media|Fake Acting President Trump and a Wikipedia infobox]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Community view|The inbox behind Wikipedia]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Recent research|Art museums on Wikidata; comparing three comparisons of Grokipedia and Wikipedia]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Traffic report|Tonight I'm gonna rock you]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Comix|Oh come on man.]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 15 Januari 2026 15.19 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29899914 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 16 Januari 2026 19.44 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 18 Januari 2026 13.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Panel yang ditampilkan pada [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] dalam tampilan seluler telah didesain ulang. Panel ini kini ditampilkan dalam keadaan tertutup secara bawaan dan dilengkapi dengan pranala untuk membatalkan suntingan yang sedang ditinjau, sehingga memudahkan penyunting dan peninjau di perangkat seluler untuk mengambil tindakan tanpa membuat antarmuka terlihat penuh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini terus dikembangkan dan kini mampu menentukan arah teks secara otomatis, sehingga tampilan situs dengan nama domain yang tidak lazim tetap benar. Ekstensi ini juga menampilkan keterangan yang lebih rinci untuk setiap tindakan dalam log. Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ditambahkan pranala permanen baru untuk pembuatan halaman dan kelas CSS untuk setiap elemen entri. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya ditemukan pada Vector 2022, yaitu tujuan pranala jangkar tertutup oleh tajuk yang menempel (''sticky header''), kini telah ditangani. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|pengumuman penghentian bertahap pada Oktober 2025]], Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan mulai menghentikan seluruh titik akhir transformasi (''transform endpoint'') pada MediaWiki REST API yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir alamat (''trailing slash'') pada pekan 26 Januari. Perubahan ini diperkirakan akan diterapkan di semua wiki paling lambat 30 Januari. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih menggunakannya diimbau untuk beralih ke versi titik akhir tanpa garis miring di akhir. Kedua variasi titik akhir tersebut dapat ditemukan, dibandingkan, dan diuji melalui [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Jika memiliki pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * Dokumentasi rujukan interaktif untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] telah dipindahkan. Permintaan ke dokumentasi API yang sebelumnya diinang melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (misalnya <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) kini akan dialihkan ke [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata Wikimedia Foundation]] (WDP) telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala Januari 2026]]. Nawala ini memuat pembaruan mengenai penghentian titik akhir graf penuh (''full-graph'') lama, perubahan kebijakan User-Agent, jadwal sesi diskusi bulanan migrasi Blazegraph, dan upaya untuk mengurangi kemunduran (regresi) yang disebabkan oleh penonaktifan titik akhir lama tersebut. Sebagai pengingat, Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|berlangganan nawala WDP]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan segera ditutup atau ditutup lebih awal jika kuota peserta telah terpenuhi. Acara ini merupakan hackathon teknis selama dua hari yang mempertemukan para Wikimediawan dari kawasan tersebut. Sampai jumpa di sana! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Januari 2026 20.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Tinjauan tahunan untuk Kode Etik Universal dan Panduan Penegakan</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Saya ingin menyampaikan bahwa periode peninjauan tahunan Kode Etik Universal dan Pedoman Penegakannya saat ini telah dibuka. Usulan perubahan dapat diajukan hingga 9 Februari 2026. Tahap ini merupakan langkah awal dari rangkaian proses peninjauan tahunan yang akan dilakukan.[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Informasi lengkap dan ruang diskusi tersedia di halaman UCoC di Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) adalah grup global yang didedikasikan untuk memberikan implementasi yang adil dan konsisten dari UCoC. Tinjauan tahunan ini telah direncanakan dan diimplementasikan oleh U4C. Untuk informasi dan tanggung jawab U4C lebih lanjut, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Anda dapat meninjaunya pada piagam U4C]]. Mohon bagikan informasi ini pada anggota lain di komunitas Anda di mana pun yang mungkin sesuai. -- Bekerja sama dengan U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|bicara]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 19 Januari 2026 21.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang masukan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|usulan arah masa depan]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] hingga 28 Februari. * Semua pengguna dengan akun terdaftar kini dapat menggunakan kunci sandi (''passkey'') untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Kunci sandi merupakan cara masuk yang lebih sederhana tanpa perlu menggunakan perangkat kedua. Identitas pengguna diverifikasi melalui sidik jari, pemindaian wajah, atau kode PIN. Untuk menggunakan kunci sandi, pengguna harus terlebih dahulu mengaktifkan metode 2FA standar. Saat ini, proses masuk dengan kunci sandi masih memerlukan kata sandi. Pada kuartal ini, fitur masuk tanpa kata sandi akan memungkinkan pengguna masuk dengan satu klik menggunakan kunci sandi. Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan juga akan diwajibkan mengaktifkan 2FA. Kebijakan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. * Kontributor tidak terdaftar yang berasal dari alamat IP atau rentang IP yang diblokir kini dapat berinteraksi di wiki untuk mengajukan banding pemblokiran dengan membuat akun sementara dan menyampaikannya melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna, selama opsi "mencegah pengguna ini menyunting halaman pembicaraannya sendiri" tidak diaktifkan. Perubahan ini mengatasi masalah sebelumnya, yaitu pengguna yang tidak masuk log (keluar log dari akun) tidak dapat menggunakan prosedur pembukaan blokir standar melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, deskripsi metode Autentikasi Dua-Faktor (2FA) pada halaman pengelolaan kini telah diperbarui. Penjelasannya menjadi lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dipahami serta digunakan oleh pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah variabel AbuseFilter baru, <code>account_type</code>, telah ditambahkan untuk menyediakan cara yang andal dalam menentukan jenis akun yang sedang dibuat pada tindakan <code>createaccount</code> dan <code>autocreateaccount</code>. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, variabel <code>accountname</code> telah diubah namanya menjadi <code>account_name</code>, dan <code>accountname</code> kini dinyatakan tidak lagi digunakan (''deprecated''). Pengelola penyaring suntingan disarankan untuk memperbarui penyaring apa pun yang masih menggunakan pemeriksaan jenis akun yang ditulis langsung (''hardcoded'') atau variabel yang telah dinyatakan tidak digunakan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Keluku (''thumbnail'') yang diminta dengan ukuran tidak standar dan menggunakan cara tidak standar, seperti permintaan langsung ke <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code>, akan berhenti berfungsi dalam waktu dekat. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan berkelanjutan oleh pengambil data otomatis (''web scraper'') dan bot. Sebagian pengguna dengan CSS/JS khusus, pengurus antarmuka yang dapat memperbaiki gawai dan kulit lokal, serta pembuat alat, perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar menggunakan ukuran gambar mini standar. [[phab:T414805|Informasi lengkap, pranala pencarian, dan contoh cara memperbaikinya tersedia pada tugas terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Januari 2026 21.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == This Month in Education: January 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto "25x25" llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 28 Januari 2026 18.26 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29951116 --> == Your feedback wanted: improve transparency of Wikidata edits affecting your Wiki == ''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate to your language to help spread the message.)'' Hello everyone, I am writing on behalf of Wikimedia Deutschland’s [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team. I have news about our focus area on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|“increasing the transparency of Wikidata edits that can affect your wiki”]], especially for patrollers, reviewers and editors of recent changes and watchlists. '''Your wiki will soon receive a change making the user-preference “Show Wikidata edits” an opt-out for the recent changes and watchlists pages.''' This is scheduled for '''''27 February, 2026'''''. '''[What does this mean?]''' * Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in the [[:jv:Mirunggan:Kaca_anyar|Recent Changes]] page * Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in [[:jv:Mirunggan:Pawawangan|Watchlists]] * You can opt-out and disable this setting at any time in your [[:jv:Mirunggan:Pilalan|user settings]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|(Here is a guide to enable/disable this setting)]]. '''[How you can help?]'''<br> We’d love to hear from you! Your experiences, feedback, and ideas are invaluable as we work to improve the visibility and utility of Wikidata edits. We are particularly interested to hear from: * '''Patrollers:''' How has the change influenced your workflow in spotting, reviewing, and acting on edits in recent changes? * '''Editors:''' How has the change affected your experience in monitoring and reviewing changes to your watched pages? * '''General reflections:''' Is there anything about Wikidata edits that you find confusing, surprising, or difficult to act on? If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! More in depth information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|the project page on Meta]]. If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the talk page of the project. We will gladly answer! Thank you, -- [[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|rembugan]]) 23 Januari 2026 15.35 (UTC) :''Hello @[[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]], we would be happy to try the new change. Thanks for [[Parembugan_Naraguna:Bennylin#c-Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)-20260127141300-Wikidata_edit_visibility_in_recent_changes/watchlists|informing us]].'' :Kanggé kanca-kanca, mengko nang kaca [[Mirunggan:Owahan anyar]] bakal ana pratélan besutan Wikidata. Yèn keganggu, isa sètingané isa dipatèni ing [[Mirunggan:Preferensi]]. [[Panganggo:Bennylin|Bennylin]] (<small>[[Dhiskusi_Panganggo:Bennylin|ꦉꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦒ꧀ꦒꦤ꧀]]</small>) 28 Januari 2026 06.14 (UTC) ::Great! I will keep you informed for any changes or developments. Thanks again --[[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|rembugan]]) 28 Januari 2026 08.44 (UTC) : Personally I find this very interesting, as we can track and patrol users's changes on interwiki links and when needed revert them back. Actually I did reply you on my talk page *https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parembugan_Naraguna%3AMeursault2004&diff=1742658&oldid=1742656). [[User:Meursault2004|Meursault2004]]^{[[User_talk:Meursault2004|ngobrol]]} 29 Januari 2026 05.03 (UTC) == ''The Signpost'': 29 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Traffic report|The most viewed articles of 2025]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News and notes|Good news... but also bad news for the Public Domain]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News from Diff|Solving puzzles together]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/In the media|Every view on the 25th anniversary of everything]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Comix|Perspectives]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 29 Januari 2026 06.31 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29988053 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 72 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 72, November–December 2025 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * Renewed partnerships * Spotlight: Strengthening Wikimedia Collaborations with and for Open Science <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/November-December 2025|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 29 Januari 2026 12.44 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=29991504 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" yang menampilkan informasi validasi tentang suatu halaman ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} contoh]) kini secara otomatis akan menyertakan daftar isi. Jika terdapat halaman lokal [[MediaWiki:Pageinfo-header]] yang dibuat oleh pengguna, halaman tersebut kini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya VisualEditor menambahkan pemformatan tebal atau miring di dalam deskripsi pranala, sehingga membuat kode wiki menjadi rumit. Hal ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada salinan XML pada 20 Januari. Selain itu, mulai sekarang, salinan data hanya akan dihasilkan satu kali per bulan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki telah menghapus dukungan untuk seluruh titik akhir transformasi yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir (''trailing slash'') dari [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API REST API MediaWiki]. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih memanggil titik akhir tersebut dianjurkan untuk beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring di akhir. Apabila terdapat pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan mengajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengingatkan para pengguna bahwa sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 telah dibagikan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan ini menyoroti berbagai isu utama, termasuk tren global, pengembangan eksperimen yang lebih cepat dan berkelanjutan, peningkatan dukungan bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, optimalisasi kolaborasi antarproyek, dan upaya meningkatkan serta mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan, saran, dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Fèbruari 2026 17.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kontributor yang masuk log dan mengelola daftar pantauan yang besar atau kompleks kini dapat mengatur dan menyaring halaman yang dipantau dengan lebih efektif melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Label Daftar Pantauan]] yang baru. Dengan menambahkan label tersuai, misalnya halaman yang dibuat sendiri, halaman yang dipantau untuk vandalisme, atau halaman diskusi, pengguna dapat lebih cepat mengidentifikasi halaman yang memerlukan perhatian, mengurangi beban kognitif, dan merespons dengan lebih efisien. Peningkatan ini membuat daftar pantauan lebih mudah digunakan, terutama bagi penyunting yang sangat aktif. * Sebuah fitur baru yang tersedia di [[Special:Contributions|Istimewa:Kontribusi]] kini menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] yang kemungkinan dioperasikan oleh orang yang sama, sehingga proses patroli menjadi lebih efisien dan tidak memakan banyak waktu. Saat memeriksa kontribusi suatu akun sementara, pengguna yang memiliki akses ke alamat IP akun sementara kini dapat melihat tampilan kontribusi dari akun-akun sementara terkait. Fitur ini menelusuri seluruh alamat IP yang terkait dengan suatu akun sementara dalam periode retensi data, lalu menampilkan semua kontribusi dari seluruh akun sementara yang pernah menggunakan alamat IP tersebut. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * Saat para penyunting melakukan pratayang suntingan teks wiki, kotak pengingat di bagian atas yang menunjukkan bahwa yang ditampilkan hanyalah pratayang kini menggunakan latar belakang abu-abu/netral, bukan lagi kuning/peringatan. Perubahan ini memudahkan pembedaan antara catatan pratayang dan peringatan yang sebenarnya (misalnya konflik suntingan atau sasaran pengalihan yang bermasalah), yang kini akan ditampilkan dalam kotak peringatan atau kesalahan terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna meninjau daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini terus mengalami penyempurnaan, yang kini mendukung lebih dari satu situs Wikibase secara optimal, seperti [[d:|Wikidata]] dan [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. Selain itu, kendala tentang arah teks telah diperbaiki bagi pengguna Wikidata atau situs Wikibase lain yang menggunakan bahasa dengan arah kanan ke kiri (RTL). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * "Pranala magis" otomatis untuk nomor ISBN, RFC, dan PMID [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|telah dinyatakan usang dalam teks wiki sejak 2021]] karena kurang fleksibel dan menyulitkan pelokalan. Sejumlah wiki telah berhasil menggantikan pranala magis RFC dan PMID dengan pranala luar yang setara, tetapi untuk menggantikan fungsi pranala magis ISBN sering kali diperlukan templat khusus. Kini telah tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|fungsi pengurai bawaan]] baru, <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code>, yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan fungsi dasar pranala magis ISBN. Hal ini memudahkan wiki yang ingin bermigrasi dari fungsi pranala magis yang telah dinyatakan usang tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q35401|bahasa Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q1186896|bahasa Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah kelompok pengguna global baru telah dibuat, yaitu [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. Kelompok ini digunakan secara internal oleh perangkat lunak untuk memungkinkan bot komunitas melewati pembatasan laju (''rate limit'') yang diterapkan terhadap [[w:en:Web scraping|perayap web]] (''web scraper'') yang bersifat merusak. Akun yang telah disetujui sebagai bot di setidaknya satu wiki Wikimedia akan secara otomatis ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok ini. Perubahan ini tidak memengaruhi atau mengubah hak akses yang dimiliki oleh bot tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 25–27 Maret 2026 di Salt Lake City, Amerika Serikat. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Peserta dapat mengusulkan sesi serta mendaftarkan diri untuk mengikuti konferensi ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Fèbruari 2026 23.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Fèbruari 2026 08.33 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30055818 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Tim SRE]] akan membersihkan Etherpad, yaitu penyunting berbasis web sumber terbuka untuk penyuntingan dokumen kolaboratif langsung. Seluruh catatan (''pad'') akan dihapus secara permanen setelah 30 April 2026. Harap membuat salinan cadangan lokal atas konten apa pun yang ingin dipertahankan karena data yang telah dihapus tidak dapat dipulihkan. Pembersihan ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi ukuran basis data dan meminimalkan jejak infrastruktur. Etherpad akan tetap mendukung kolaborasi langsung, tetapi tidak ditujukan untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang. Pembersihan tambahan dapat dilakukan di masa mendatang tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pengambilan Informasi (''Information Retrieval'') akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|eksperimen aplikasi seluler Android]] untuk menguji pencarian hibrida yang mampu menangani kueri semantik dan berbasis kata kunci. Peningkatan pencarian di dalam platform ini bertujuan memudahkan pembaca menemukan informasi yang dicari secara langsung di Wikipedia. Eksperimen ini akan pertama kali diluncurkan di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani pada akhir Februari, kemudian diperluas ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis pada bulan Maret. Informasi selengkapnya [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ dapat dibaca] di Diff. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah di [[Special:RecentChanges|Istimewa:PerubahanTerbaru]] telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, ketika pengguna mengeklik sembunyikan pada penyaring aktif, tombol "lihat perubahan baru sejak…" ikut menghilang, padahal seharusnya tetap ditampilkan. Kini, tombol tersebut telah berfungsi dan ditampilkan sebagaimana mestinya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Dokumentasi baru kini tersedia untuk membantu para penyunting menelusuri dan mendiagnosis masalah pada fitur pencarian di situs. Dokumentasi ini mendukung proses pemecahan masalah ketika halaman tidak muncul dalam hasil pencarian, ketika peringkat hasil terasa tidak sesuai, dan ketika perlu memeriksa konten apa saja yang sedang diindeks. Dengan demikian, perilaku pencarian menjadi lebih mudah dipahami dan dianalisis. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Pelajari lebih lanjut]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Fèbruari 2026 19.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == ''The Signpost'': 17 February 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/In the media|Global powers see Wikipedia as fundamental target for manipulation]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/News and notes|Discussions open for the next WMF Annual Plan]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Serendipity|Maintenance crews continue to slog through Wikipedia's oldest Featured Articles]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Disinformation report|Epstein's obsessions]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Technology report|Wikidata Graph Split and how we address major challenges]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Traffic report|Deaths, killings, films, and the Olympics]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Opinion|Incoming Incurables]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Crossword|Pop quiz]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Comix|herculean]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 17 Fèbruari 2026 08.03 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30039447 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] kini telah diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, menandai selesainya peluncuran fitur ini di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur tersebut mendorong pengguna baru untuk menambahkan rujukan sebelum memublikasikan konten baru, sehingga membantu menekan pembatalan suntingan akibat kekurangan rujukan dan meningkatkan keterverifikasian. Hasil pengujian A/B menunjukkan dampak yang kuat: pengguna baru yang ditampilkan Pemeriksaan Rujukan sekitar 2,2 kali lebih sering menambahkan rujukan di desktop dan sekitar 17,5 kali lebih sering di web seluler. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|Ekstensi InterwikiSorting]], yang sebelumnya memungkinkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|pengurutan pranala antarwiki]], telah dinonaktifkan di Wikipedia. Dampaknya, penyunting yang mengaktifkan pengurutan pranala antarwiki dalam mode tidak ringkas (format daftar penuh) kini akan melihat urutan pranala berubah. Ke depannya, pranala antarwiki akan ditampilkan berdasarkan urutan alfabet kode bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, pengguna yang menyunting suatu bagian halaman menggunakan VisualEditor seluler akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman". Dengan mengetuk tombol tersebut, pengguna dapat langsung menyunting keseluruhan artikel. Fitur ini memudahkan ketika perubahan yang ingin dilakukan ternyata berada di luar bagian yang awalnya dibuka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] mengundang para penyunting untuk menilai apakah mode gelap masih perlu dianggap sebagai fitur beta di wiki masing-masing berdasarkan pengalaman penggunaan dan kinerjanya di perangkat desktop maupun seluler. Apabila fitur ini dinilai telah matang, para penyunting dapat memperbarui pesan antarmuka di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> dan <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> untuk menunjukkan bahwa mode gelap telah siap digunakan dan tidak lagi berstatus beta. * [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Tab Aktivitas]] yang telah ditingkatkan dan menampilkan wawasan pengguna kini tersedia untuk seluruh pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS (versi 7.9.0 dan yang lebih baru). Setelah uji A/B sebelumnya menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pembuatan akun pada pengguna yang memiliki akses ke fitur ini, pembaruan tersebut kini diluncurkan kepada 100% pengguna, dan disertai dengan sejumlah penyempurnaan. Tab Aktivitas kini menampilkan artikel-artikel yang telah disunting dalam lini masa, menyajikan wawasan dampak penyuntingan seperti jumlah kontribusi dan tren kunjungan artikel, serta menyediakan opsi penyesuaian untuk meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan aplikasi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang sebelumnya menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] tidak berfungsi di perangkat seluler kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fungsionalitasnya kembali berjalan sepenuhnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] yang mendukung fitur ini terus dikembangkan. Pembaruan terbaru menambahkan [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|kait baru]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, yang dijalankan setiap kali daftar pantauan dibangun ulang. Dengan adanya kait ini, gawai dan skrip pengguna kini dapat dijalankan pada halaman Istimewa tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Fèbruari 2026 19.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Mode Ulang Tahun]] ke-25 Wikipedia kini telah tersedia di Wikipedia bahasa Betawi, Breton, Tionghoa, Ceko, Belanda, Inggris, Prancis, Gorontalo, Indonesia, Italia, Luksemburg, Madura, Sisilia, Spanyol, Thai, dan Vietnam. Fitur kampanye waktu terbatas ini merayakan 25 tahun Wikipedia dengan maskot ulang tahun bernama Baby Globe. Saat diaktifkan, Baby Globe akan muncul di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|sekitar 2.500 artikel]] dan dapat ditemukan oleh para pembaca. Komunitas dapat memilih untuk mengaktifkan Mode Ulang Tahun dengan mencapai konsensus di tingkat komunitas, lalu meminta pengurus untuk mengaktifkan dan menyesuaikan fitur tersebut melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|pengaturan komunitas]] di wiki lokal masing-masing. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur baru [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], yang memungkinkan penggunaan ulang rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Swedia, Polandia, dan [[:phab:T418209|beberapa wiki lainnya]]. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|Fitur ini dapat dicoba]] di proyek-proyek tersebut atau di testwiki dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Pembelajaran dari wiki percontohan pertama, yaitu Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, telah [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|dirilis dalam sebuah laporan]]. Jika [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|berminat untuk menjadi wiki percontohan]], silakan menghubungi tim Wikimedia Deutschland. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') akan tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia pekan ini. Fitur ini menampilkan pengingat kepada pengguna baru yang menempelkan teks ke dalam VisualEditor yang kemungkinan besar bukan hasil tulisan mereka sendiri agar mempertimbangkan risiko pelanggaran hak cipta. Pemeriksaan Tempel juga [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|menandai]] semua suntingan yang memunculkan pengingat tersebut untuk kemungkinan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Pengurus lokal dapat mengatur berbagai aspek fitur ini melalui [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Penelitian]] di 22 wiki menunjukkan bahwa Pemeriksaan Tempel menghasilkan penurunan relatif sebesar 18% pada suntingan yang dibatalkan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Para penerjemah dapat membantu [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate melokalkan] fitur ini dan fitur terkait lainnya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] akan melakukan standardisasi menu pengguna di pojok kanan atas bagi seluruh pengguna seluler agar lebih selaras dengan pengalaman di desktop. Saat ini, menu tersebut hanya terlihat oleh pengguna yang mengaktifkan Kontrol Seluler Lanjutan (''Advanced Mobile Controls''/AMC). Perubahan yang dilakukan hanya berupa pemindahan beberapa tombol yang sebelumnya berada di menu sisi kiri ke pojok kanan atas bagi pengguna yang tidak mengaktifkan AMC. Perubahan ini dijadwalkan diterapkan pada 9 Maret dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan antarmuka pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Mulai pekan 2 Maret, surel yang dikirim saat alamat surel pada suatu akun ditambahkan, dihapus, atau diubah akan beralih dari format teks biasa menjadi surel HTML yang tampilannya lebih rapi dan informatif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Saat ini, setiap pengguna dapat menyimpan hingga 2.000 notifikasi lama, dengan riwayat yang mencakup sejak 2013 ketika fitur ini diperkenalkan. Ke depan, sistem akan diubah sehingga hanya notifikasi dari lima tahun terakhir yang disimpan, tetapi dengan kapasitas yang ditingkatkan hingga 10.000 notifikasi. Penyesuaian ini dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan infrastruktur dalam jangka panjang sekaligus mengurangi kemungkinan notifikasi terbaru hilang lebih cepat dari yang seharusnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami penyempurnaan. Pembaruan terbaru meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan label. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini kini memungkinkan pengaktifan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|sistem pengganti bahasa]] (''language fallback'') untuk butir Wikidata yang tidak memiliki label dalam bahasa yang sedang ditampilkan, dan menampilkan label tersebut dalam bahasa Wikidata pilihan pengguna apabila tidak ada parameter URL <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * Tim Wikipedia Android telah memulai uji coba beta fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|pencarian hibrida]] di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani. Fitur pencarian hibrida ini dapat menangani pencarian berdasarkan makna maupun kata kunci, sehingga pembaca dapat menemukan informasi yang dicari secara lebih mudah langsung di Wikipedia. * Demi meningkatkan keamanan, anggota dari sejumlah kelompok pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Saat ini, 2FA menjadi syarat untuk menggunakan hak akses dalam kelompok tersebut, tetapi belum menjadi syarat untuk tercatat sebagai anggotanya. Karena kebijakan ini masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, perubahan akan [[phab:T418580|dilakukan secara bertahap mulai bulan Maret]]. Anggota kelompok terkait tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan satu-satunya metode 2FA yang tersisa di akun mereka. Selain itu, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA tidak dapat ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok tersebut. Pengguna tetap dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama minimal satu metode 2FA tetap aktif. Pada paruh kedua bulan Maret, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok ini. Ketentuan ini berlaku untuk pengurus CentralNotice, pemeriksa, pengurus antarmuka, pengawas, staf Wikidata, staf Wikifunctions, WMF Office IT, dan WMF Trust & Safety. Tidak ada perubahan bagi pengguna lainnya. Jadwal pelaksanaan dapat dilihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya menghalangi pengguna untuk membuat sebuah instans (''instance'') di [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], dalam satu bulan ke depan Wikimedia Foundation akan menerapkan pembatasan jumlah permintaan (''rate limit'') API secara global pada seluruh API yang digunakan. Pada awal Maret, batas yang lebih ketat akan diberlakukan untuk permintaan yang tidak teridentifikasi dari luar Toolforge/WMCS dan permintaan API yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diterapkan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin agar dampaknya terhadap komunitas tetap minimal. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * Layanan ''Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment'' (LDF) akan dihentikan pada bulan Februari. Layanan ini hanya melayani lalu lintas yang terbatas, dan penggunaannya telah berhasil dialihkan ke metode akses data lain yang lebih sesuai untuk mendukung kebutuhan yang ada. Perangkat keras yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mendukung layanan LDF akan dialokasikan kembali guna menunjang proses migrasi sistem bagian belakang yang sedang berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * Pengurai Parsoid versi terbaru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|terus diperluas penggunaannya ke berbagai wiki lainnya]]. Penerapan ini mendukung keberlanjutan sistem dan mempermudah pengembangan fitur baru untuk kegiatan membaca dan penyuntingan. Kini, Parsoid telah menjadi pengurai utama di 488 wiki milik Wikimedia Foundation, termasuk 268 edisi Wikipedia. Cakupan tersebut mewakili lebih dari 10% dari total tayangan halaman di seluruh Wikipedia. * Proses dan kriteria untuk [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|mengajukan akses khusus]] ke umpan data berkapasitas tinggi dari API Wikimedia Enterprise (tanpa biaya untuk penggunaan yang sejalan dengan misi) [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|kini telah dipublikasikan]]. Publikasi ini bertujuan menyediakan dokumentasi yang lebih lengkap dan jelas bagi para pengguna. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], yang selama ini menjadi blog bagi komunitas teknis Wikimedia, [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ akan digabungkan] ke [[diffblog:|Diff]], blog yang memuat berita dan kegiatan komunitas. Proses penggabungan ini ditargetkan rampung pada April 2026. Setelah proses tersebut selesai, kiriman tulisan baru akan kembali dibuka untuk dipublikasikan. Semua tulisan, baik yang lama dan yang baru, tetap dapat dibaca melalui halaman khusus di https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Maret 2026 17.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == This Month in Education: February 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 3 Maret 2026 11.55 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30155806 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari uji coba pengalihan peladen pusat data ke peladen cadangan, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|yang dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dialihkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Pengujian ini bertujuan memastikan layanan tetap tersedia dan mengurangi kemungkinan gangguan layanan, termasuk dalam keadaan darurat. * Pekan lalu, seluruh wiki sempat berada dalam mode hanya-baca selama sekitar dua jam. Selain itu, skrip pengguna dan gawai juga mengalami gangguan lebih lama dari biasanya. Kejadian ini disebabkan oleh sebuah insiden keamanan yang kini telah ditangani. Langkah-langkah untuk mencegah kejadian serupa masih terus dilakukan. Informasi terkini dapat dilihat pada [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|pengumuman di papan pengumuman penatalayan]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|tersedia terjemahan]]). '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna yang terkena beberapa pemblokiran saat mengakses melalui perangkat seluler kini akan melihat alasan untuk setiap pemblokiran secara terpisah, bukan lagi satu pesan umum. Hal ini membantu pengguna memahami alasan pemblokiran yang mereka alami serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Sebagai contoh, pengguna yang terdampak karena menggunakan VPN umum (seperti [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) akan mendapatkan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai apa yang perlu dilakukan agar dapat kembali menyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] (''Suggestion Mode'') akan tersedia sebagai fitur beta di penyunting visual di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini memberikan berbagai saran tindakan yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki artikel Wikipedia, dan membantu pengguna mempelajari pedoman yang relevan. Pengaturan fitur ini dapat disesuaikan oleh setiap wiki dan juga dapat diperluas dengan menambahkan saran khusus. Pengaturan yang saat ini berlaku dapat dilihat di halaman [[Special:EditChecks]]. Selain itu, tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|panduan bagi pengurus untuk menyesuaikan]] pranala agar mengarah ke pedoman lokal. Mode Saran terhubung dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Pemeriksaan Suntingan]] yang memberikan saran perbaikan ketika seseorang sedang menulis konten baru. Ke depannya, tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') berencana menilai dampak fitur ini terhadap pengguna baru melalui sebuah percobaan terkontrol. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika posisi kursor menjadi tidak selaras saat menggunakan penyorotan sintaks CodeMirror (fitur yang memudahkan pembacaan teks wiki dan kode) kini telah diperbaiki. Masalah ini secara khusus memengaruhi pengguna yang menetapkan aturan jenis huruf dalam lembar gaya tersuai ketika membuat topik baru dengan menggunakan DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pembaruan pembatasan permintaan API: Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], pembatasan jumlah permintaan API secara global akan mulai diterapkan pada minggu ini. Pembatasan ini berlaku untuk permintaan tanpa User-Agent yang sesuai yang berasal dari luar Toolforge/WMCS, serta untuk permintaan API tanpa autentikasi yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diberlakukan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * API GraphQL yang baru kini telah tersedia. API ini dikembangkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih fleksibel untuk beberapa fitur di Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemudahan bagi pengembang, mendukung fleksibilitas penggunaan, dan mempercepat akses data. Pengguna dipersilakan untuk mencoba API ini dan [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|memberikan masukan]]. Pengembang juga dapat [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply mendaftar untuk mengikuti uji kegunaan]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] melanjutkan peningkatan pada [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] sepanjang Februari. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan kesalahan autentikasi, penanganan berkas berukuran besar, visibilitas antrean tugas, dan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai proses pengunggahan. Sejumlah pekerjaan masih terus berlangsung di beberapa bagian, termasuk perubahan yang berkaitan dengan metode pengunggahan dari sisi peladen yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|kabar terkini]] untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Panduan Artikel (''Article Guidance'') mengundang penyunting Wikipedia berpengalaman dari sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|wiki percontohan]] dan kontributor yang berminat dari Wikipedia lainnya untuk mengisi angket ini. Angket tersebut tersedia dalam [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform bahasa Inggris], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arab], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Jepang], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portugis], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persia], dan [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turki]. Jawaban yang diberikan akan membantu tim untuk menyesuaikan panduan bagi penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman, sekaligus membantu mereka mempelajari kebijakan dan praktik komunitas saat membuat artikel. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|halaman proyek tersebut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Maret 2026 18.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == ''The Signpost'': 10 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Interview|Bernadette Meehan, new Wikimedia Foundation CEO]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/News and notes|Security testing unleashes computer worm on Meta-wiki]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Special report|What actually happened during the Wikimedia security incident?]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In the media|Indonesian government blocks Wikimedia logins; archive site scoured from Wikipedia after owner runs malware]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Recent research|To wiki, perchance to groki]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Obituary|Madhav Gadgil, Fredrick Brennan, Mark Miller, Chip Berlet]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Opinion|Interface administrators and trusting trust]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Technology report|English Wikipedia deprecates archive.today after DDoS against blog, altered content]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Op-ed|Why is "Trypsin-sensitive photosynthetic activities in chloroplast membranes" cited in "List of tallest buildings in Chicago"?]] * Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Essay|The pursuit of a button click]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In focus|Short descriptions: One year later]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/WikiProject report|Unreferenced articles backlog drive]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Community view|Speaking of planning ...]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Traffic report|Over the mountain, kissing silver inlaid clouds]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Crossword|"It will never happen"]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Comix|BRIEn't]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 10 Maret 2026 04.14 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30121359 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 73 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 73, January–February 2026 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * Four new partnerships * User survey thanks <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/January-February 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 11 Maret 2026 12.06 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=30224864 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion & a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Maret 2026 00.51 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30232291 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], telah digunakan untuk penyorotan sintaks teks wiki sejak November 2024. Fitur ini direncanakan keluar dari status beta pada Mei 2026 agar berbagai perbaikan dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|fitur]] baru dapat digunakan oleh semua penyunting yang memakai penyorot sintaks standar. Jika terdapat pertanyaan atau masukan terkait rencana penghapusan status beta pada fitur ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|silakan disampaikan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebagian perubahan pada kelompok pengguna lokal dilakukan oleh penatalayan di Meta-Wiki dan sebelumnya hanya dicatat di sana. Kini, perubahan hak pengguna lintas wiki akan dicatat di Meta-Wiki dan di wiki tempat pengguna tersebut berada. Langkah ini memudahkan penelusuran riwayat lengkap perubahan hak pengguna di wiki lokal. Catatan perubahan yang terjadi sebelumnya juga akan ditambahkan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * Pada wiki yang menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], jumlah perubahan tertunda yang ditampilkan di halaman [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] sebelumnya juga menghitung halaman yang sebenarnya sudah tidak menunggu peninjauan. Hal ini terjadi karena halaman tersebut telah dihapus dari sistem tanpa melalui proses peninjauan, misalnya karena dihapus, dipindahkan ke ruang nama lain, atau akibat perubahan konfigurasi wiki. Kini, jumlah yang ditampilkan telah diperbaiki sehingga lebih akurat. Di beberapa wiki, angka yang terlihat mungkin jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan sebelumnya. Daftar halaman yang ditampilkan seharusnya tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Bahasa komposisi yang digunakan di Wikifunctions telah ditulis ulang dan menghasilkan versi bahasa yang baru. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan layanan dengan mengurangi penggunaan memori pada orkestrator. Selain itu, pembaruan ini juga memungkinkan pengurangan waktu tunda secara signifikan, penyederhanaan kode, dan penerapan abstraksi yang lebih baik. Perubahan tersebut membuka peluang bagi pengembangan fitur baru pada tahap berikutnya. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|pembaruan ini]] dapat dibaca pada penjelasan yang tersedia. * Pengguna kini dapat mengurutkan hasil pencarian secara alfabetis berdasarkan judul halaman. Pembaruan ini menambahkan opsi baru yang dapat membantu menemukan halaman dengan lebih mudah dan cepat. Sebelumnya, hasil pencarian hanya dapat diurutkan berdasarkan tanggal penyuntingan, tanggal pembuatan, atau tingkat relevansi. Untuk menggunakan opsi baru ini, buka menu "Pencarian lanjutan" pada halaman hasil pencarian, lalu pilih "Alfabetis" pada bagian "Urutan pengurutan". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang sebelumnya membuat UploadWizard di Wikimedia Commons tidak dapat mengimpor berkas dari Flickr kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah halaman istimewa baru, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], telah dibuat untuk menampilkan daftar halaman yang ditransklusikan dan ditandai memiliki galat pemeriksaan kode (''lint''). Halaman ini membantu pengguna menemukan kesalahan tersebut dengan lebih mudah. Daftar yang ditampilkan akan diurutkan berdasarkan jumlah transklusi yang mengandung galat. Contohnya dapat dilihat pada halaman [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Pengguna fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai pengganti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman berisi JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua sejak beberapa waktu terakhir. Seiring dengan rencana mengeluarkan CodeMirror 6 dari status beta, CodeEditor juga direncanakan akan digantikan sebagai penyunting standar untuk jenis konten tersebut pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Masukan atau tanggapan tentang rencana ini sangat dipersilakan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Modul JavaScript [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] akan segera diperbarui ke CodeMirror 6. Menjelang pembaruan tersebut, pemuatan modul <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> atau <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> dari gawai dan skrip pengguna telah dinyatakan usang sejak Juli 2025. Penggunaan kait <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> juga telah dinyatakan usang sejak Maret 2025. Kontributor kini dapat menyesuaikan skrip atau gawai mereka agar kompatibel dengan CodeMirror 6. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|panduan migrasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang memperluas cakupan definisi modul REST API agar juga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|API dari ekstensi]]. Modul REST API merupakan kelompok titik akhir yang saling berkaitan dan dapat dikelola serta diberi versi secara mandiri. Saat ini, modul tersebut sudah tersedia untuk API [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] dan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions]. Seiring dengan pemindahan API ekstensi ke struktur ini, dokumentasinya akan dipindahkan dari spesifikasi utama MediaWiki OpenAPI dan tampilan REST Sandbox. Selanjutnya, dokumentasi tersebut dapat diakses melalui opsi khusus modul pada menu tarik turun di [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (yaitu di [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], yang tersedia di semua proyek wiki). * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] menyediakan berbagai informasi tentang wiki tempat modul digunakan melalui pustaka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]]. Sejak pekan lalu, pustaka tersebut juga menyediakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|cara]] untuk mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|ID wiki]]. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan pemeliharaan modul yang digunakan di berbagai wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2026]], yang merayakan berbagai perkakas terbaik yang dikembangkan oleh komunitas, kini telah membuka proses nominasi. Nominasi untuk perkakas favorit dapat diajukan melalui [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en formulir survei nominasi] paling lambat 23 Maret 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai privasi dan pengelolaan data dapat dilihat pada [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|pernyataan privasi survei]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Maret 2026 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|parembugan]])</bdi> 19 Maret 2026 11.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat masuk log ke akun mereka tanpa menggunakan kata sandi melalui penggunaan kunci sandi (''passkey''). Metode ini merupakan cara yang aman dan didukung oleh autentikasi seperti sidik jari, pengenalan wajah, atau PIN. Dengan adanya perubahan ini, semua pengguna yang memilih masuk log tanpa kata sandi akan merasakan proses yang lebih mudah, lebih cepat, dan lebih aman saat mengakses akun mereka dari berbagai perangkat. Opsi masuk menggunakan kunci sandi saat ini ditampilkan sebagai saran pengisian otomatis pada kolom nama pengguna. Dalam waktu dekat, [[phab:T417120|tombol tambahan "Masuk log dengan kunci sandi"]] juga akan tersedia bagi pengguna yang telah mendaftarkan kunci sandi mereka sebelumnya. Pembaruan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keamanan sekaligus memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih baik. [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|Rekaman layar]] yang disertakan memperlihatkan proses masuk log tanpa kata sandi secara bertahap, langkah demi langkah. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka pengujian pencadangan melalui pengalihan peladen pusat data (''datacenter server switchover'') yang [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan tersebut, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dipindahkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Langkah ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketersediaan layanan sekaligus memastikan bahwa layanan tetap dapat berjalan tanpa gangguan, bahkan dalam situasi darurat. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat mengekspor notifikasi mereka yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun dengan menggunakan sebuah [[toolforge:echo-chamber|perkakas baru di Toolforge]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk tetap menyimpan notifikasi penting mereka, sekaligus menghindari risiko terhapusnya notifikasi tersebut seiring rencana penghapusan notifikasi yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun, sebagaimana telah diumumkan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Para penyunting Wikipedia dalam bahasa Indonesia, Thai, Turki, dan Simple English kini memiliki akses ke Special:PersonalDashboard. Fitur ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|versi awal dari sebuah pengalaman]] yang dirancang untuk memperkenalkan alur kerja patroli kepada penyunting yang lebih baru, sehingga mereka dapat beralih secara lebih mudah dari sekadar melakukan suntingan menuju keterlibatan dalam tugas moderasi yang lebih lanjut di proyek mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * Halaman [[Special:Block]] kini mengalami dua perubahan kecil pada antarmukanya. Pengurus kini dapat dengan lebih mudah menetapkan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu melalui tombol pilihan (''radio button'') khusus yang tersedia pada bagian masa berlaku. Selain itu, ketika masa berlaku tanpa batas dipilih, akan muncul kumpulan alasan umum yang berbeda untuk dipilih, yang dapat disesuaikan melalui halaman [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Para penyunting seluler [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|di beberapa wiki]] kini dapat melihat peringatan penyuntingan dalam keadaan belum masuk log (''logged-out'') yang telah ditingkatkan, berkat pembaruan terbaru dari tim Pertumbuhan. Perubahan yang dirilis pada pekan lalu ini merupakan bagian dari upaya dan pengujian yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|pembuatan akun di perangkat seluler]], dan mendorong peningkatan partisipasi pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:36}} {{PLURAL:36|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, galat yang sebelumnya menyebabkan pengguna web seluler tidak dapat melihat informasi pemblokiran ketika mereka terdampak oleh beberapa pemblokiran sekaligus kini telah diperbaiki. Kini, saat mengakses Wikipedia, mereka dapat melihat pesan dari seluruh pemblokiran yang sedang berlaku terhadap akun atau alamat IP mereka. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Citra yang dibangun menggunakan Toolforge dalam waktu dekat akan mendapatkan pembaruan versi ''buildpacks'' (kumpulan skrip dan konfigurasi untuk membangun aplikasi secara otomatis), yang menghadirkan dukungan bagi versi bahasa pemrograman yang lebih baru serta berbagai peningkatan dan perbaikan dari sumber pengembang utama (''upstream''). Jika menggunakan Toolforge Build Service, disarankan untuk meninjau surel terbaru dari [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ milis cloud-announce] dan memperbarui konfigurasi ''build'' sesuai kebutuhan, guna memastikan bahwa perkakas yang digunakan tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan tersebut. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * Wiki dokumentasi [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] akan ditutup pada Juni 2026. Kunci API yang dibuat melalui API Portal akan tetap berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Titik akhir api.wikimedia.org akan dihentikan secara bertahap mulai Juli 2026. Dokumentasi yang sebelumnya tersedia di API Portal sedang dipindahkan ke [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dipelajari melalui [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek]] yang tersedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] (inisiatif dari Wikimedia Deutschland yang berfokus pada pengembangan fitur berdasarkan kebutuhan teknis komunitas) tengah mempertimbangkan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|penamaan referensi yang dihasilkan secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Para pengguna dipersilakan untuk meninjau [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solusi yang diusulkan]] serta berpartisipasi dalam proses [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|permintaan tanggapan]] yang sedang berlangsung. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Maret 2026 16.50 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Versi Beta dari [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]], proyek baru Wikimedia yang tidak terikat dengan bahasa, telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. Proyek ini memungkinkan berbagai komunitas untuk menyusun artikel Wikipedia dalam bahasa asli mereka, yang kemudian dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh pengguna lain dalam bahasa masing-masing. Wiki ini dijalankan melalui serangkaian instruksi dari Wikifunctions, dan didukung oleh konten terstruktur yang berasal dari Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang menjalankan uji A/B untuk mengevaluasi pesan yang lebih jelas dan ramah pengguna dalam mendorong pembuatan akun di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, ketika pengguna seluler yang belum masuk log mulai melakukan penyuntingan, mereka akan dihadapkan pada pesan peringatan yang terasa mendadak dan dapat mengurangi minat untuk melanjutkan kontribusi. Selain itu, kondisi ini juga menjadikan penyuntingan dengan akun sementara sebagai pilihan bawaan, alih-alih mendorong pengguna untuk membuat akun. Uji coba ini berlangsung di sepuluh Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Spanyol, dan Jerman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Apps'') mengundang Anda untuk memberi masukan mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|cara proses penyuntingan seharusnya bekerja di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia]]. Diskusi ini berfokus pada upaya meningkatkan cara pengguna mengakses berbagai alat penyuntingan saat mereka mengetuk tombol "Sunting". Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk mengarahkan para pembaca yang mulai tertarik menyunting agar dapat menemukan jalur yang lebih ramah pengguna ketika mereka mulai berkontribusi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:45}} {{PLURAL:45|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah ketika pengambilan sitasi dari arsip surat kabar besar [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] tidak lagi berfungsi, akibat adanya pemblokiran pada permintaan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]], kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Maret 2026 19.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == ''The Signpost'': 31 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/In the media|AI ban, newspapers disrupt archiving; and antisemitism complaints]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Community view|Videos from WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Disinformation report|Cleaning up after Jeffrey Epstein, Peter Nygard, and Mohamed Al-Fayed]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/WikiConference report|WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC review]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Obituary|Dr. Subas Chandra Rout]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Traffic report|Call in the dogs of war, soldier of fortune]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Gallery|Canadian Rangers participate in Operation ''Enduring Encyclopedia'']] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Comix|n00bsitting]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 31 Maret 2026 10.08 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30329870 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 1 April 2026 10.21 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 3 April 2026 17.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dilengkapi dengan fitur baru untuk penetapan tujuan kelompok, yang memungkinkan para penyelenggara menetapkan dan memantau target acara, seperti jumlah artikel yang dibuat dan jumlah kontributor yang berpartisipasi, secara langsung. Di sisi lain, para peserta juga dapat bergerak menuju target bersama dan melihat dampak kolektif yang dihasilkan seiring berlangsungnya acara. Fitur ini kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Pelajari lebih lanjut dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|dokumentasinya]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|label daftar pantauan]] yang baru (yang diumumkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Berita Teknis 2026-07]]) kini telah tersedia melalui VisualEditor, penyunting sumber, dan "''watchstar''" (pranala pantau). Sebelumnya, pemberian label hanya dapat dilakukan melalui [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. Kini, di ketiga tempat tersebut, tersedia kolom baru yang terletak setelah kolom masa kedaluwarsa. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada halaman pembicaraan di perangkat seluler yang menggunakan Parsoid, yang membuat halaman menjadi tidak dapat digunakan setelah munculnya tajuk bagian yang kosong, kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Fitur subreferensi]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan keterangan pada referensi yang sudah ada tanpa perlu membuatnya dua kali, akan diluncurkan secara bertahap ke [[phab:T414094|lebih banyak wiki]] pada akhir tahun ini. Wiki yang menggunakan gawai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] dianjurkan untuk memperbarui versinya (umumnya berada di [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] seperti ditunjukkan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 di sini]) guna menjaga kompatibilitas. Gawai lain yang berkaitan dengan referensi juga berpotensi terdampak. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * Seluruh edisi Wikinews dijadwalkan untuk ditutup dan dialihkan ke mode hanya-baca pada 4 Mei 2026. Meskipun seluruh konten tetap dapat diakses, tidak akan ada lagi penyuntingan atau penambahan artikel baru. Keputusan penutupan ini telah disetujui oleh Dewan Pengawas Wikimedia Foundation setelah melalui rangkaian diskusi yang panjang. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|API tindakan]] (''action API'') selama ini menyediakan berbagai format keluaran sesuai permintaan. Salah satunya, yaitu <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, akan segera dihentikan. Oleh karena itu, pastikan skrip atau bot yang Anda gunakan telah beralih ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|format JSON]]. Perubahan ini diperkirakan hanya akan berdampak pada sebagian kecil skrip dan bot. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * Halaman [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] kini juga memuat nama lain (alias) ruang nama. Sebagai contoh, "WP" digunakan sebagai alias untuk ruang nama "Project" ("Wikipedia") di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 April 2026 16.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature & Architecture + Women NZ * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore & more #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 9 April 2026 18.19 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30344683 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting berpengalaman diundang untuk [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page menguji] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]], yang dirancang untuk membantu penyunting dengan pengalaman lebih terbatas dalam membuat artikel Wikipedia yang terstruktur dengan baik dan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang berlaku. Petunjuk pengujian telah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|tersedia]] dan dapat diikuti sebagai panduan. Setelah meninjau [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance kerangka artikel] yang disediakan, mohon memberikan umpan balik melalui [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. Masukan tersebut akan digunakan untuk menyempurnakan fitur ini sebelum kemudian diterapkan pada Wikipedia percontohan untuk diterjemahkan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan setiap komunitas. Sebuah [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] penjelasan mengenai fitur ini juga tersedia untuk disimak. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di sejumlah besar wiki, kini semua pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed users'') dapat menggunakan halaman [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|membuat halaman baru dengan model konten khusus]], seperti daftar pesan massal, sehingga format halaman tersuai menjadi lebih mudah diakses. Untuk mengetahui statusnya di wiki masing-masing, silakan periksa halaman [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') telah meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|eksperimen pembuatan akun]] untuk mengevaluasi apakah penambahan tombol pembuatan akun pada bagian kepala halaman versi web seluler dapat meningkatkan jumlah pendaftaran akun baru sekaligus mendorong lebih banyak pengguna seluler untuk berkontribusi di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, eksperimen tersebut sedang berlangsung di Wikipedia bahasa Hindi, Indonesia, Bengali, Thai, dan Ibrani, serta menyasar 10% pengguna web seluler yang belum masuk log. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kendala yang menyebabkan VisualEditor berhenti pada proses pemuatan di perangkat Windows ketika animasi dinonaktifkan, kini telah berhasil diatasi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir pekan ini, {{int:group-abusefilter}} yang telah mengaktifkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting di halaman [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]], menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten di berbagai jenis penyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Perkakas dan bot yang mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|API Notifications]] melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi> perlu memperbarui izin OAuth atau BotPassword mereka agar juga mencakup akses ke notifikasi privat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Karena adanya pembaruan pustaka, urutan daftar pada halaman kategori mungkin akan menjadi tidak berurutan mulai Senin, 20 April. Sebuah skrip migrasi akan dijalankan untuk memperbaikinya, dan proses ini dapat berlangsung dari beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari, tergantung pada ukuran wiki (bahkan hingga sekitar satu minggu untuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 April 2026 15.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> k9titvhliqwsx3x27e1d1esf91tqopu 0 199015 1748934 1744976 2026-05-14T00:22:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja | party = [[Parté Persatuan Pembangunan]] | nationality = [[Indonesia]]n | death_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1984|10|20|1921|2|17}} | birth_place = [[Bogor]], [[West Java]], [[Dutch East Indies]] | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1921|2|17}} | image = Mintaredja In Turkey.jpg | office = 7th [[Embassy of Indonesia, Ankara|Ambassador of Indonesia to Turkey]] | termstart = 8 November 1980 | termend = 24 December 1983 | president = [[Suharto]] | predecessor = [[Nurmanli Aman]] | successor = [[Abdulrachim Alamsjah]] | office1 = 19th [[Ministry of Social Affairs (Indonesia)|Minister of Social Affairs]] | termstart1 = 9 September 1971 | termend1 = 29 March 1978 | president1 = [[Suharto]] | predecessor1 = [[Albert Mangaratua Tambunan]] | successor1 = [[Sapardjo]] | caption = Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja | width = 250px | children = 4 | occupation = {{hlist|[[Politikus]]|[[aktivis]]}} | nickname = Pak Mintaredja | known_for = ''Pendiri [[Partai Persatuan Pembangunan|P3]]'' | alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Universitas Gadjah Mada]]|[[Universitas Léiden]]|[[Universitas Indonésia]]}} }} '''Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja''' (17 Fèbruari 1921 – 20 Oktober 1984) iku politisi lan negarawan revolusioner Indonésia sing dadi pendiri [[Parté Persatuan Pembangunan|Partai Persatuan Pembangunan]], njabat dadi ketua pisanan wiwit taun 1973 nganti 1978. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sudarto-sm.blogspot.com/2012/07/ppp-dalam-lintasan-sejarah.html|title=PPP dalam Lintasan Sejarah|language=id|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> Pimpinan Parmusi lan sawetara [[Paheman|organisasi]], kalebu Himpunan Mahasiswa Muslim lan [[Muhammadiyah]] (Indonesia) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/1085909/12/profil-mohammad-syafaat-mintaredja-ketua-umum-pertama-ppp-1682975127|title=Profil Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja Ketua Umum Pertama PPP}}</ref> Lair saka [[kulawarga]] [[Muhammadiyah]], dhèwèké kuliah ing Fakultas Hukum [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] [[Kutha Ngayogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] lan Fakultas Hukum [[Universitas Léiden|Universitas Leiden]] ing [[Walanda]] . Piyambakipun pikantuk gelar Sarjana Hukum saking [[Universitas Indonésia|Universitas Indonesia]] . Nalika isih enom, dheweke aktif ing Gerakan Pendidikan Islam . Bebarengan karo sawetara wong liya, dheweke ngedegake Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (Indonesia) sing ana ing [[Kutha Ngayogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] . Dheweke dadi ketua HMI nomer loro sawise Lafran Pane . Dheweke uga aktif ing Resimen Mahasiswa, pasukan sipil sing dilatih lan [[Militèr|militer]] sing siap mbela [[Indhonésia|NKRI]] . Nalika ana ing Resimen Mahasiswa, dheweke mbantu [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia]] nglawan aksi Politionele [[Walanda]] lan numpes pemberontakan [[Parté Komunis Indonésia|Partai Komunis Indonesia]] ing [[Kutha Madiun|Madiun]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inilah.com/hms-mintaredja-hmi-dan-republik-indonesia|title=H.M.S. Mintaredja, HMI, dan Republik Indonesia}}</ref> Sawisé diangkat dadi ketua Partai Umat Islam Indonésia déning Présidhèn [[Soeharto]] minangka bagéan saka upaya pamaréntah kanggo ngatur kerusuhan ing Parmusi . Sajrone kepemimpinane, Parmusi melu pemilihan [[1971]] . Ing wektu iku, partai iki entuk 2.930.746 suara (5,36%) lan 24 kursi ing [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat|DPR (Indonesia)]], nomer telu paling gedhe sawise [[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] lan [[Nahdlatul Ulama]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yakusaaa.blogspot.com/2017/11/ms-mintaredja-kiprah-juang-dan-politisi.html|title=M.S. Mintaredja; Kiprah Juang dan Politisi Moderat}}</ref> Dheweke tetep dadi pimpinan nganti partai kasebut gabung ing 5 [[Januari]] [[1973]], Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja ngedegake [[Parté Persatuan Pembangunan|Partai Persatuan Pembangunan]] bebarengan karo [[Idham Chalid]], Anwar Tjokroaminoto, [[Rusli Halil]], lan Masjkur sing minangka asil penggabungan papat partai Islam, yaiku Partai [[Nahdlatul Ulama]], Partai Pendidikan Islam Indonesia, lan Partai Pendidikan Islam Indonesia . asil gabungan saka partai basis [[Islam]] utama, [[Pésta|Partai]] [[Ka'bah]] proklamasi dhewe minangka Gedung Agung Rakyat [[Islam]] . == Ing budaya populer == Nganti pungkasan Revolusi Nasional Indonesia ing [[1949|taun 1949]], mung sawetara mahasiswa [[Muslim]] sing bisa mlebu universitas. Salah sijine yaiku Mintaredja, sing kuliah ing Fakultas Hukum [[Universitas Gadjah Mada|Universitas Gajah Mada]] . Pendhidhikan iki mengaruhi pengalaman [[Paheman|organisasi]] sabanjure. Sajrone urip, Mintaredja nulis sawetara buku. Buku-buku kasebut, sing didaftar miturut taun publikasi, kalebu: * 1968: Pamaréntah lan Pembentukan Partai Muslim Indonésia . Djakarta. * 1968: Perjuangan Komunitas Muslim Ngalami Kemunduran 25 Taun. Djakarta. * 1971: Refleksi Pembaharuan Pemikiran: Masyarakat dan Politik Islam di Indonesia. Jakarta: Permata. * 1974: Refleksi lan Revisi Gagasan: Islam lan Politik. Islam lan Negara ing Indonesia. Siliwangi. * 1975: Rasionalisme lawan Iman: Iman, Kawruh, lan Tumindak. Jakarta: Septya. * 1976: Islam lan Politik, Islam lan Negara ing Indonesia: Refleksi lan Pembaharuan Pikiran. Jakarta: Septya. * 1977: Generasi Muda saka Umur nganti Umur. Jakarta: Septya. * 1977: Urip Nikah lan Haji. Tunas Jaya. Wonten ing buku-bukunipun, kacetha pamanggihipun Mintaredja ingkang moderat babagan [[Islam|agami Islam]] . Dheweke dadi kritikus awal babagan kepinginan kanggo ngadegake negara Islam. Iki ora mung amarga bangsa [[Indhonésia|Indonesia]] maneka warna, nanging uga amarga, miturut dheweke, ora ana dhasar sing kuat ing [[Kuran|Al Qur'an]] lan [[Kadis|Hadits]] kanggo netepake negara kasebut. Mintaredja ugi ngritik Masyumi ingkang nggatosaken perkawis ideologi lan boten nggatosaken perkawis ekonomi lan kesejahteraan ingkang sejatosipun sami wigatos. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.suaramuhammadiyah.id/2017/02/18/hms-mintaredja-sosok-politisi-muhammadiyah/|title=HMS Mintaredja Sosok Politisi Muhammadiyah}}</ref> Pranyata, panemu iki sing ndadèkaké Mintaredja mlebu ing jero [[Paprèntahan|pamaréntahan]] [[Orde Baru|Orde Baru (Indonesia)]], paling ora ing jaman wiwitané. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://majalah2.tempo.co/arsip/1984/10/27/ALB/41611/isi.mbm|title=Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja Meninggal dunia|date=1984-10-20|website=Kompas|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140908234741/http://majalah2.tempo.co/arsip/1984/10/27/ALB/41611/isi.mbm|archive-date=2014-09-08|access-date=2021-09-20}}</ref> == Karir politik == Mintaredja wis dadi pimpinan ing macem-macem [[Paheman|organisasi]] lan [[Partai pulitik|partai politik]], lan uga wis nyekel sawetara jabatan [[Paprèntahan|pamaréntahan]] . Ing ngisor iki dhaptar organisasi sing dipimpin lan jabatan sing dicekel, didaftar kanthi kronologis. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inilah.com/hms-mintaredja-hmi-dan-republik-indonesia|title=H.M.S. Mintaredja, HMI, dan Republik Indonesia}}</ref> == Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (HMI) == {{Main|Muslim Students' Association (Indonesia)}} Mintaredja dadi ketua HMI wiwit tanggal [[22 Agustus]] [[1947]] utawa 6 wulan sawise HMI didegake [[5 Fèbruari|tanggal 5 Februari]] [[1947]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/3167/1/BAB%20I,%20V,%20DAFTAR%20PUSTAKA.pdf|title=Lafran Pane's Thoughts on Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals|last=Hariqo Wibawa Satria|language=id|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> Nalika iku, salah sawijining pendiri lan ketua HMI sadurunge, Lafran Pane, nyegerake pimpinan HMI. Dheweke milih Mintaredja dadi ketua, dene dheweke dhewe dadi wakil ketua. Nalika milih, Mintaredja dadi mahasiswa ing BPT Gajah Mada (saiki [[Universitas Gadjah Mada|Universitas Gajah Mada]] ). Kanthi milih mahasiswa saka universitas umum, tinimbang sing Islam, HMI ngembangake jangkauane. Iki uga nyingkiri kesan yen organisasi kasebut mung dadi mahasiswa ing Perguruan Tinggi Islam, ing ngendi ketua sadurunge sinau. Salajengipun, ing Kongres HMI II, Mintaredja dipunangkat malih dados Ketua Badan Eksekutif Pusat (PB HMI) periode 1947-1951. Nanging ing Desember 1948, Agresi Militer Walanda kaping pindho dumadi. Ngayogyakarta dikuwasani Walanda, buyar pimpinan HMI. Nalika semana Mintaredja lagi tugas ing njaba Yogyakarta, mula pimpinan HMI dipasrahake maneh marang Lafran Pane . == Menteri Negara Hubungan antara Pemerintah lan MPR, DPR-GR, lan DPA == Posisi kabinèt pisanan Mintaredja nalika diangkat dadi Menteri Negara Hubungan Pemerintah karo Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR/DPR-GR) lan Dewan Tertinggi (DPA) ing Kabinet Pembangunan Pertama. Kabinet dibentuk tanggal 6 Juni 1968, lan diresmikake tanggal 10 Juni 1968. Tanggal 9 September 1971, utawa 66 dina sawise pemilihan legislatif Indonesia 1971, dianakake perombakan kabinet. Sawetara menteri dipecat utawa ditugasake maneh. Mintaredja uga kalebu sing ditugasake maneh, amarga lapangan kerja sadurunge diilangi sawise perombakan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soeharto.co/1971-09-09-presiden-soeharto-reshuffle-kabinet|title=President Soeharto Reshuffles Cabinet [1]|language=id|access-date=2014-09-02|archive-date=2020-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025194700/https://soeharto.co/1971-09-09-presiden-soeharto-reshuffle-kabinet/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhèwèké nggantèkaké jabatan anyar minangka Menteri Sosial, nggantèkaké pejabat sadurungé, Albert Mangaratua Tambunan . == Partai Muslim Indonesia (Parmusi) == Mintaredja dadi Ketua Parmusi nalika partai kasebut ngalami konflik landhep ing jajaran. <ref name="masyumi">{{Cite web|url=http://syafaat-bq54.pandawa.web.id/ensiklopedia.php?_i=all&id=42078|title=Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia|language=id|access-date=2014-09-02|archive-date=2022-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317175041/http://syafaat-bq54.pandawa.web.id/ensiklopedia.php?_i=all&id=42078|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nalika semana ana konflik antara kelompok [[Djarnawi Hadikusumo]] lan kelompok Djaelani Naro . Ing kahanan kaya mengkono, loro pihak sing konflik nyerahake kepemimpinan partai kasebut kabeh marang Presiden Soeharto. <ref name="parmusi">{{Cite web|url=http://soeharto.co/1970-11-14-presiden-soeharto-atasi-perpisahan-parmusi|title=President Soeharto Overcomes Parmusi Split|language=id|access-date=2014-09-02}}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Presiden banjur campur tangan lan ngrampungake masalah kasebut kanthi menehi jabatan partai marang Mintaredja, tokoh Muhammadiyah sing njabat dadi menteri negara nalika iku. Pamrentah weruh yen loro pihak setuju karo kabijakan sing ditindakake presiden ing wektu kasebut. <ref name="parmusi"/> Ananging ana sing nganggep prastawa kang dialami Parmusi iku sejatine minangka wujud campur tangan lan rekayasa kang ditindakake pamarentah Orde Baru marang partai politik, utamane partai-partai sing ngusung aspirasi agama (Islam), kanggo ngontrol urip partai. <ref name="masyumi"/> <ref name="olaf">{{Cite web|url=http://books.google.co.id/books?id=USS0oNP4koEC&pg=PA468&lpg=PA468&dq=mintaredja+muhammadiyah&source=bl&ots=CT6cCAPFxu&sig=T_TKigDGN59FyGl8yAWa1WuzMrc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rmUBVIvwO9Pq8AXX0oGYAw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=mintaredja%20muhammadiyah&f=false|title=Religion in dialogue: enlightenment, reconciliation, and the future: Punjung tulis 60 tahun Prof. Dr. Olaf Herbert Schumann|last=Olaf Herbert Schumann|language=id|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> Pengangkatan Mintaredja minangka ketua uga katon ndadekake Parmusi mung minangka akomodator kawicaksanan pamaréntah, kontras banget karo cita-cita para pendiri, sing ngarep-arep Parmusi bakal dadi reinkarnasi kritis Partai Masyumi . <ref name="NU">{{Cite web|url=http://alfathimiyyah.net/?p=3666|title=Nahdlatul Ulama Becomes a Political Party|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903142019/http://alfathimiyyah.net/?p=3666|archive-date=2014-09-03|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> Nanging, Mintaredja tetep dadi pimpinan partai nganti partai kasebut gabung ing taun 1973. Nalika pimpinan Mintaredja, Parmusi melu Pemilu legislatif Indonesia 1971. Ing wektu iku, partai iki entuk 2.930.746 suara (5,36%) lan menang 24 kursi ing [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat|DPR]], utawa nomer telu paling gedhe sawise [[Nahdlatul Ulama|Partai]] [[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] lan Nahdlatul Ulama. <ref name="pemilu">{{Cite web|url=http://kepustakaan-presiden.pnri.go.id/election/directory/election/?box=detail&id=20&from_box=list&hlm=1&search_ruas=&search_keyword=&activation_status=|title=1971 General Election|last=National Library of the Republic Indonesia|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203948/http://kepustakaan-presiden.pnri.go.id/election/directory/election/?box=detail&id=20&from_box=list&hlm=1&search_ruas=&search_keyword=&activation_status=|archive-date=2016-03-04|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> == Menteri Sosial == Wiwit 9 September 1971 nganti 28 Maret 1973, Mintaredja dadi Menteri Sosial ing Kabinet Pembangunan Pertama pasca reshuffle. Nalika iku isih dadi pangarsa Parmusi <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inilah.com/hms-mintaredja-hmi-dan-republik-indonesia|title=H.M.S. Mintaredja, HMI, dan Republik Indonesia}}</ref> Dheweke nyekel posisi maneh ing Kabinet Pembangunan Kapindho, saka 28 Maret 1973 nganti 29 Maret 1978. Salah sawijining inisiatif kontroversial Kamentrian Sosial sajrone periode kasebut, khusus ing 1974, yaiku introduksi sistem gambling sing diarani "ramalan". Pamaréntah malah felt perlu kanggo ngirim tim kanggo Inggris, ngendi sistem iki pisanan ngenalaken, kanggo sinau sistem gambling. Sawise rong taun review, Departemen Sosial rampung sing sistem ramalan banget prasaja lan ora menehi roso kesengsem mung gambling . <ref name="merdeka">{{Cite web|url=http://suaramerdeka.com/harian/0401/19/nas4.htm|title=From Porkas to SDSB|publisher=[[Suara Merdeka]]|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927071243/http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0401/19/nas4.htm|archive-date=2014-09-27|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> <ref name="365liga">{{Cite web|url=http://365liga.com/serba-serbi-dunia-perjudian-ii/|title=Serba-serbi Dunia Perjudian II|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903144827/http://365liga.com/serba-serbi-dunia-perjudian-ii/|archive-date=2014-09-03|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> Nanging, implementasine gagasan iki, kanthi Kupon Hadiah Sepakbola Porkas, mung diluncurake, disebarake, lan didol kanthi resmi sewelas taun sabanjure, nalika tanggal 28 Desember 1985, nalika Ibu Nani Soedarsono dadi Menteri Sosial. == Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) == {{Main|United Development Party}} Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja, minangka Ketua Umum Parmusi, minangka salah siji saka limang deklarasi PPP tanggal [[5 Januari]] [[1973]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sudarto-sm.blogspot.com/2012/07/ppp-dalam-lintasan-sejarah.html|title=PPP in the Course of History|language=id|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> Papat deklarasi liyane yaiku: * [[Idham Chalid]], Ketua Umum Pengurus Pusat Nahdlatul Ulama (NU); * Anwar Tjokroaminoto, Ketua Umum PSII; * [[Rusli Halil]], Ketua Umum Partai Islam Perti; lan * Masjkur, Ketua Kelompok Pembangunan Bersatu ing fraksi DPR. Salajengipun, Idham Chalid, saking Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), kelompok ingkang paling dominan wonten ing Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP), dipunangkat dados presiden partai. Posisi iki cukup prestisius nanging kurang pengaruhe tinimbang posisi Mintaredja minangka Ketua Dewan Pimpinan Pusat (DPP). <ref name="Bruinessen">{{Cite web|url=http://books.google.co.id/books?id=_ix4SKMrGLYC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=mintaredja+MA&source=bl&ots=QQgM5ERzib&sig=tsrSq8JQoVA7BPtBPJ0q9-uCQ44&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JNoBVIq6CIyD8gX65IKgAw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=mintaredja&f=false|title=NU: Tradition, Power Relations, the Search for a New Discourse|last=Martin van Bruinessen|language=id|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> Présidhèn Soeharto uga nyetujoni pimpinan PPP sing mentas kabentuk lan matur nuwun amarga gabungan mantan partai Islam wis netepi dekrit MPR <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt502c69d6ab742/node/657/tap-mprs-no-xxii_mprs_1966-tahun-1966-kepartaian,-keormasan-dan-kekaryaan|title=TAP MPRS No. XXII/MPRS/1966 Tahun 1966 tentang Kepartaian, Keormasan, dan Kekaryaan|publisher=hukumonline.COM|language=id|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> lan dileksanakake kanthi efektif kanthi demokratis. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soeharto.co/1973-02-14-presiden-soeharto-berikan-restu-pimpinan-ppp|title=President Soeharto Gives Blessing to PPP Leadership[1]|language=id|access-date=2014-09-02|archive-date=2022-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706092549/https://soeharto.co/1973-02-14-presiden-soeharto-berikan-restu-pimpinan-ppp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nanging, ing lelampahan sabanjure, PPP nemoni sawetara bentrokan karo pemerintah nalika sidang DPR. Salah sawijining tokoh vokal lan tegas ing partai kasebut yaiku [[Bisri Syansuri|Kiai Haji Bisri Syansuri]], sing njabat dadi presiden Majelis Permusyawaratan lan asale saka Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Konflik muncul, contone, nalika RUU Perkawinan digawa menyang DPR ing [[1973|taun 1973]] . <ref name="Bruinessen"/> PPP nolak RUU kasebut amarga isine pranata-pranata sing bertentangan karo hukum Islam. Senadyan mangkono, Mintaredja, bebarengan karo [[Mukti Ali]], Menteri Agama nalika iku, kalebu salah sawijining kelompok sing nyetujoni RUU kasebut. Mintaredja malah nyatakake yen RUU kasebut minangka produk saka pamikiran sing paling apik lan ora bertentangan karo agama Islam. Nanging, 20 taun sabanjure, ing wawancara, Mukti Ali ngandhakake yen persetujuan dheweke nalika iku amarga tekanan. Konfrontasi sabanjure kedadeyan nalika pemilihan legislatif Indonesia 1977. Nalika iku, ana paksaan marang rakyat dening panguwasa militer lan sipil kanggo milih Golkar, diiringi kekerasan marang aktivis PPP. <ref name="Bruinessen"/> Nanging, asil pemilu cukup marem amarga PPP menang 29 kursi, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kepustakaan-presiden.pnri.go.id/election/directory/election/?box=detail&id=22&from_box=list&hlm=1&search_ruas=&search_keyword=&activation_status=|title=1977 General Election|last=National Library of the Republic of Indonesia Indonesia|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927160053/http://kepustakaan-presiden.pnri.go.id/election/directory/election/?box=detail&id=22&from_box=list&hlm=1&search_ruas=&search_keyword=&activation_status=|archive-date=2013-09-27|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> tegese ana 5 kursi tambahan dibandhingake karo pemilu sadurunge saka partai-partai sing banjur gabung dadi Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP). Partai kasebut malah entuk kamenangan sing signifikan sacara psikologis kanthi ngalahake Golkar ing Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta lan malah ngamanake mayoritas absolut ing Aceh (sadurunge dadi benteng Ikatan Pendidikan Islam). <ref name="Bruinessen" /> Konfrontasi liyane sing luwih serius muncul nalika diskusi Pedoman Umum Kebijakan Negara (GBHN) ing Sidang Umum Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) 1978. PPP banget nentang item GBHN, sing padha karo sistem kapercayan karo agama, nganti metu saka sesi nalika milih, saéngga ngina pamaréntah kanthi ideologi. <ref name="Bruinessen"/> Akibaté, Mintaredja dicopot saka jabatané minangka Ketua Dewan Pimpinan Pusat PPP liwat manipulasi politik déning Ali Murtopo. Tanpa undhangan rapat pengurus, apamaneh kongres, Djaelani Naro, kanca raket Ali Murtopo, ngumumke dadi ketua anyar. Iki minangka owah-owahan kepemimpinan sing jelas nglanggar piagam partai. == Duta Besar Indonesia ing Turki == Sanajan akeh sing nentang panemu yen [[Duta|duta besar]] minangka "posisi sing dibuang" kanggo wong-wong sing ora dadi menteri maneh, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.detik.com/read/2007/05/07/122019/777116/10/yusril-tolak-jadi-dubes-untuk-hapus-kesan-dubes-orang-buangan|title=Yusril Rejects Ambassadorship to Erase the Image of an Outcast Ambassador|publisher=[[detikCom]]|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> posisi pungkasan Mintaredja ing pamaréntahan sawisé ora kapilih manèh dadi [[Mentri departemen|menteri]] ing Kabinet Pembangunan Katelu . Negara sing dadi [[duta]] nganti [[1983|taun 1983]] yaiku [[Turki]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.suaramuhammadiyah.id/2017/02/18/hms-mintaredja-sosok-politisi-muhammadiyah/|title=HMS Mintaredja Sosok Politisi Muhammadiyah}}</ref> == urip pribadi == Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja rabi karo Siti Romlah lan duwe anak pirang-pirang. Anak kapisan, [[Evac Syafruddin Mintaredja]], mutusake ora nuruti jejak bapake lan milih miwiti karir saka ngisor. Dheweke dadi Kepala Biro Media ing [[Kanayakan Sekretariat Nagara Indonésia|Kementerian Sekretariat Negara]] nalika Wakil Presiden [[Muhammad Jusuf Kalla|Jusuf Kalla]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempo.co/arsip/kalla-melayat-anak-buahnya-1944046|title=Kalla Melayat Anak Buahnya}}</ref> Putrane Evac, [[Arie Syafriandi Mintaredja]], uga milih dadi pengusaha, nganti generasi kaping papat, [[Alvaro Rafi Syafaat Mintaredja]] . == pakurmatan == Minangka penghormatan marang jasa Mintaredja, [[Kutha|Pemkot]] [[Kutha Cimahi|Cimahi]], wiwit tanggal 10 November 2006, menehi jeneng salah sawijining dalan kanthi jeneng "Jalan HMS Mintaredja, SH" (Jalan Sarjana Hukum Haji Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inilah.com/hms-mintaredja-hmi-dan-republik-indonesia|title=H.M.S. Mintaredja, HMI, dan Republik Indonesia}}</ref> [[Kutha Cimahi|Cimahi]] uga dijuluki [[Kutha]] [[Angkatan Dharat|Angkatan Darat]] [[Paprèntahan|amarga]] saka sajarah pusat pendidikan [[Militèr|militer]] lan markas militer sing dawa ing [[Indhonésia|Indonesia]] . dijuluki [[Kutha]] [[Ijo]] amarga kaendahan alame. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kota-cimahi.kpu.go.id/blog/read/sejarah-dan-perkembangan-kota-cimahi-dari-pos-kolonial-hingga-kota-modern#:~:text=Sejak%20saat%20itu%2C%20Cimahi%20mendapat,dan%20dominasi%20warna%20seragam%20tentara.|title=Sejarah dan Perkembangan Kota Cimahi: Dari Pos Kolonial Hinge Kota Modern}}</ref> Papan kasebut dumunung ora adoh saka panggonane Mintaredja ing dalan H. Haris Dalan dawane 1,5 km ngubungake dalan Baros, Gerbang Tol Baros, lan dalan Mahar Martanegara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/-6.8925553,107.5366641/-6.9012,107.5445294/@-6.8968104,107.536288,16z/data=!4m4!4m3!1m0!1m0!3e0|title=H. M. S. Mintaredja Street|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=2014-09-02}}</ref> == Referensi == {{Reflist|2}} <references responsive="0"></references> {{S-start}} {{S-gov}} {{S-new}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-non}} {{succession box|position=[[Minister of Social Affairs]]|years=1971–1978|predecessor=[[Albert Mangaratua Tambunan]]|successor=Supardjo}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-non}} {{S-new}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-aft}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box|position=[[List of Indonesian Ambassadors to Turkey|Indonesian Ambassadors to Turkey]]|years=1980–1983|predecessor=Nurmanli Aman|Substitute=Abdulrachim Alamsjah}} {{S-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mintaredja, Mohammad Syafaat}} [[Kategori:Pati 1984]] [[Kategori:Lair 1921]] [[Kategori:Pulitikus Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Gadjah Mada]] [[Kategori:Kaca mawa pertalan kang durung kapriksa]] reo7vylsrh4dodp33p2tqdqi4vlvxcj 0 199593 1748942 1742110 2026-05-14T02:44:42Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Museum | name =Musiyum Nyah Lasem | location = Gang Karangturi V No. 2, Desa Karangturi, Lasem, Kabupaten Rembang | image = Museum Nyah Lasem.jpg | type = | established = 2016 }}'''Musiyum Nyah Lasem,''' utawa '''''Museum Guest House and Creative Space Nyah Lasem''''' yaiku salah sawijining musiyum kang ana ing Karangturi V no. 2, [[Karangturi, Lasem, Rembang|Desa Karangturi]], [[Lasem, Rembang|Lasem]], [[Kabupatèn Rembang|Kabupaten Rembang]]. Musiyum Nyah Lasem diyasa kanggo pangeling-eling lan nglestantunake para nyonya lan para wanita kang ana ing Lasem. Musiyum Nyah Lasem wujude omah kampung saka kayu kang wus ana wiwit taun 1850.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ramadhani|first=Utari|last2=Desriyeni|first2=Desriyeni|date=2019-10-29|title=Pengelolaan Arsip Statis di Dinas Kearsipan dan Perpustakaan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman|url=https://doi.org/10.24036/107378-0934|journal=Ilmu Informasi Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan|volume=8|issue=1|pages=437|doi=10.24036/107378-0934|issn=2302-3511}}</ref> Jeneng musiyum kaanggit saka ''Nyah'' lan ''Lasem.'' Kang duweni karep saka ''Nyah/Nyonya/Nyonyah'' utawa celukan kanggo wanita kang peranakan Tionghwa, yen ''Lasem'' amarga papan musiyum iki mapan ing Kecamatan Lasem. Museum iki duweni koleksi arsip, poto, piranti bathik, lan sapanunggalane kang ana gegayutane kaliyan perdagangan bathik lasem ing jaman kapungkur. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2565789/museum-nyah-lasem-potret-rumah-gaya-gladhak-jawa|title=Museum Nyah Lasem, potret rumah gaya "gladhak" Jawa|last=antaranews.com|date=2021-12-05|website=Antara News|language=id|access-date=2026-01-20}}</ref> == Sujarah == Musiyum Nyah Lasem wiwit dikukuhake dadi musiyum wiwit taun 2016. Musiyum Nyah Lasem dikelola kaliyan Yayasan Lasem Heritage. Rumiyin musiyum iki omah kang diduweni karo kulawarga A. Soesantio minangka salah sawijinig keturunan saka nyonya/nyah kang saiki digawe musiyum kanggo pangeling-eling para nyonyah-nyonyah Lasem ing jaman dhisik.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Winandari|first=Maria Immaculata Ririk|date=2026-01-13|title=PENGARUH GERAKAN PELESTARIAN PUSAKA TERHADAP ADAPTASI BANGUNAN BERSEJARAH DI KOTA LASEM|url=https://e-journal.trisakti.ac.id/index.php/agora/article/view/15016|journal=Agora : Jurnal Penelitian Dan Karya Ilmiah Arsitektur Usakti|volume=20|pages=91-203}}</ref> == Gladri == Musiyum Nyah Lasem duweni koleksi arsip poto, arsip perdagangan bathik Lasem ing jaman ndhisik. <gallery> Barkas:Arsip Perdagangan Batik Lasem Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem.jpg|Arsip perdagangan batik Lasem Barkas:Ruang Pamer Museum Nyah Lasem.jpg|Ruangan pamer koleksi musiyum Barkas:Narasi Periodik Sejarah Batik Lasem.jpg Barkas:Arsip Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem.jpg Barkas:Papan Perusahaan Batik Tio Swan Sien Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 16.jpg Barkas:Arsip Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 11.jpg Barkas:Arsip Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 07.jpg Barkas:Pintu Depan Museum Nyah Lasem 01.jpg Barkas:Dapur Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 21.jpg Barkas:Arsip Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 15.jpg Barkas:Foto Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 11.jpg Barkas:Mesin Jahit Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 05.jpg Barkas:Papan Perusahaan Batik Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 15.jpg Barkas:Papan Nama Museum Nyah Lasem 25.jpg Barkas:Arsip Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem.jpg Barkas:Arsip Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem Rembang.jpg Barkas:Arsip Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 22.jpg Barkas:Batik Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 14.jpg Barkas:Arsip Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 13.jpg Barkas:Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 10.jpg Barkas:Arsip Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 02.jpg Barkas:Arsip Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 23.jpg Barkas:Ruangan Koleksi Museum Nyah Lasem 20.jpg </gallery> == Pranala jaba == * [https://lasemheritage.org/museum-nyah-lasem/ Lasem Heritage]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.instagram.com/nyahlasem/ Instagram - Nyah Lasem] * [https://dinasarpus.rembangkab.go.id/museum-nyah-lasem/ Dinas Perpustakaan Rembang - Nyah Lasem] == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:WikiWastra]] [[Kategori:Musiyum]] odchu9k65ch9t0eich5w6a7oqg2vdmk 0 199987 1748940 1747875 2026-05-14T02:06:19Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1748940 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Munggahan''' yaiku sawijining adat budaya lan religi sing dilakoni déning masyarakat ing sawetara wilayah ing [[Indhonésia|Indonesia]], utamané ing [[Jawa Kulon]] lan uga ing komunitas Jawa, kanggo mapag rawuhipun wulan suci Ramelan. Adat iki biasané dianakaké sawetara dina sadurunge wiwitan puasa kanthi ancas nyiapaké diri sacara spiritual, sosial, lan budaya supaya luwih siap nindakaké ibadah Ramelan. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Rahmawati|first=Dini Siti|last2=Mufti|first2=Justika Ainun|last3=Parhan|first3=Muhamad|date=2023-02-28|title=Tradisi Papajar dan Tradisi Munggahan dalam Perspektif Sosio–Kultural Masyarakat Cianjur|url=https://journal.fib.uho.ac.id/index.php/etnoreflika/article/view/2518?utm|journal=Etnoreflika: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya|volume=13|pages=144-161}}</ref> == Tegesing Tembung == Munggahan asalé saka tembung unggah sing tegesé “munggah” utawa ''“naik”''. Teges simbolisé yaiku munggah marang tingkat spiritual sing luwih dhuwur nalika mlebu wulan suci Ramelan. adat iki nggambaraké transisi saka urip saben dina menyang mangsa ibadah sing luwih khusyuk lan suci.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orami.co.id/magazine/tradisi-munggahan|title=Tradisi Munggahan: Pengertian, Sejarah, hingga Tujuan!|date=2025-02-26|website=www.orami.co.id|language=id|access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref> Ing masyarakat, munggahan asring dimaknani minangka wujud rasa syukur marang Gusti Allah lan minangka wayah kanggo ngresiki diri saka kesalahan sadurungé, kanthi cara silaturahmi, ngapura, lan tumindak kang asipat religius. <ref name=":0" /> == Sujarah == Munggahan minangka asil saking akulturasi budaya lokal [[Nusantara]] lan nilai-nilai Islam. Nalika Islam nyebar ing [[Jawa]] lan [[Sunda]], unsur budaya lokal banjur digabung karo piwulang religius Islam, mula muncul adat-adat kaya munggahan kanggo mapag Ramelan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/hikmah/khazanah/d-8356243/apa-hukumnya-munggahan-jelang-Ramelan-menurut-islam|title=Apa Hukumnya Munggahan Jelang Ramelan Menurut Islam?|last=Hawari|first=Hanif|website=detikhikmah|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-03-07}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sawijining panaliten babagan budaya munggahan ing [[Jawa Kulon]] nerangaké menawa adat iki minangka warisan budaya leluhur sing tetep dilestarèkaké amarga ngemot nilai sosial lan religius kang kuwat ing masyarakat.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sari|first=Yunika|date=2023-07-14|title=Bridging Faith and Culture: Unearthing Islamic Values in the Sundanese Munggahan Tradition|url=https://ejournal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jcrt/article/view/319|journal=Journal of Contemporary Rituals and Traditions|language=en|volume=1|issue=1|pages=43–54|doi=10.15575/jcrt.319|issn=2988-5884}}</ref> == Tata-cara == Munggahan bisa awujud beda-beda ing saben daerah, nanging umume ngemot sawetara Kagiyatan utama, kayata: <ref name=":0" /> # '''Silaturahmi kulawarga''' – nglumpuk karo kulawarga lan sedulur kanggo ngiyatake hubungan sosial. # '''Mangan bebarengan''' – biasané diarani minangka botram utawa kenduri. # '''Ziarah kubur''' – sowan marang makam leluhur kanggo dedonga lan ngélingi pati. # '''Dedonga utawa tahlilan''' – dedonga bebarengan supaya diparingi kelancaran nalika nindakake ibadah Ramelan. Kagiyatan kasebut nuduhaké nilai gotong royong (gugur gunung), rasa syukur, lan solidaritas sosial ing masyarakat.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tarlam|first=Alam|last2=Amaliya|first2=N. Fitri|last3=Ernawati|first3=Ernawati|date=2024-10-03|title=Budaya Unik “Munggahan” Menjelang Bulan Ramadhan Di Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat : Studi Antropologi Al-Qur’an|url=https://jurnal.stituwjombang.ac.id/index.php/UrwatulWutsqo/article/view/1561|journal=Urwatul Wutsqo: Jurnal Studi Kependidikan dan Keislaman|language=en|volume=13|issue=2|pages=257–270|doi=10.54437/urwatulwutsqo.v13i2.1561|issn=2721-2483}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Makna Sosial lan Religi == Munggahan duwéni sawetara makna penting ing masyarakat, antawisipun: * Persiapan spiritual kanggo mlebu wulan Ramelan. * Ngiyataké silaturahmi antar kulawarga lan masyarakat. * Nguri-uri budaya lokal sing dadi identitas masyarakat. Kajaba iku, ing sawetara masyarakat Jawa, adat munggahan uga digandhengaké karo sajian simbolik kaya ingkung ayam sing nglambangaké rasa syukur lan penghormatan marang leluhur. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hafizhah|first=Lubna|last2=Sutikno|first2=Sutikno|date=2024-10-05|title=Pemahaman makna simbolik dalam tradisi ingkung pada acara punggahan masyarakat jawa di Desa Tanjung Morawa (kajian semiotik)|url=https://jurnal.una.ac.id/index.php/jkb/article/view/4404|journal=Jurnal Komunitas Bahasa|language=id|volume=12|issue=2|pages=194–202|doi=10.36294/jkb.v12i2.4404|issn=2775-3476}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Jaman saiki == Ing jaman ''modern'', wujud munggahan ngalami sawetara owah-owahan. Ing wilayah kutha, adat iki kerep diwujudaké kanthi ''rekreasi'' kulawarga, mangan bebarengan ing warung utawa papan wisata, nanging inti maknané yaiku silaturahmi lan persiapan spiritual tetep dijaga. Sanajan ana pengaruh ''modernisasi'', munggahan isih dianggep minangka salah sawijining adat penting kanggo nyambut Ramelan lan dadi bagéyan saka werna-wernining budaya masyarakat Indonesia. <ref name=":0" /> == Deleng uga == * [[Papajar]] * [[Nyadran]] * [[Padusan]] * [[Nujuh Likur]] == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Jawa]] [[Kategori:Budaya Jawa-Islam]] k7z1n0kjscsg5xwufxdp327eoxgau81 0 200353 1748952 1748891 2026-05-14T09:04:37Z Meursault2004 3 sithik 1748952 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gemblong cotot''' yaiku salah siji panganan tradisional khas saka kutha Salatiga, Jawa Têngah. Panganan iki digawe saka téla kaspo (singkong) sing dialuské banjur digorèng. Titikané panganan iki ana ing isèn-isènné sing bisa luluh utawa "nyotot" mêtu nalika dipangan. ==Sajarah lan filosofi== Sujarahé gêmblong cotot ora bisa ucul saka kahanan géografis tlatah Salatiga lan Ambarawa sing pancèn akèhasil téla kasponé. Jaman dhisik, téla dadi panganan pokok nggantèni sêga nalika jaman susah utawa paceklik. Supaya ora bosen, masarakat nggawé kréasi kanthi nambahaké gula jawa ing njêroné. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ramadan.kompasiana.com/suharyantopusbiola/661bb7ed147093624b6be0d2/gemblong-cotot-yang-viral-oleh-oleh-lebaran-dari-salatiga|title=Gemblong Cotot yang Viral Oleh-oleh Lebaran dari Salatiga|last=Kompasiana.com|date=2024-04-14|website=KOMPASIANA|language=id|access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref> Jênêng "Cotot" dijupuk saka têmbung basa Jawa sing têgêsé "mêtu kanthi dadakan". Jênêng iki nggambaraké sènsasi nalika wong mangan panganan iki, banjur isèn-isènné (gula jawa) muncrat mêtu amarga isih luluh utawa cair. ==Bahan lan cara nggawé== Bahan utama kanggo nggawé gêmblong cotot yaiku: Téla Kaspo: Dipilih sing apik lan mêmêl, banjur didang (dikukus) nganti êmpuk. Uyah lan Klapa Parut: Dicampur ing adonan téla supaya ana rasa gurihé. Isèn-isèn: Gula jawa utawa gula pasir. Cara nggawéné: Téla sing wis matêng ditumbuk nganti alus nalika isih panas (bèntèr). Sawisé alus, adonan dibêntuk lonjong lan diisi gula ing têngahé. Sing pungkasan, adonan digorèng ing lênga panas nganti wèrnané kuning sêmu soklat. ==Pêrkêmbangan lan inovasi== Saiki, Gêmblong Cotot disêbut minangka jajanan sing wis "naik kelas". Yèn dhisik mung dianggep panganan ndésa sing didol ing pasar nganggo pincuk, saiki gêmblong cotot wis dadi ikon wisata kulinèr sing èksis ing jagat pêrkulinèran modèrn. Panganan khas siji iki rasané legi, êmpuk, lan lumèr ing tutuk. Owah-owahan sing paling kétok yaiku ing variasi isèn-isènné. Wiwitané isiné mung gula jawa utawa gula pasir, nanging sairing pêrkêmbangané, isèn-isèn panganan iki wiwit warna-warna, kayata: Cokèlat,Manéka warna sèlai (stroberi, nanas, lsp.), Kèju Amarga tèksturé sing êmpuk lan rasané sing saya variatif, gêmblong cotot saya èksis lan ora mung disenengi déning wong lokal, nanging uga dadi olèh-olèh favorit para wisatawan sing dolan mênyang Salatiga. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Olah-olahan]] 58r82v4kx7igu4eku35dn3kbblhid4d 0 200363 1748917 2026-05-13T13:19:58Z Malaysia Skyline 57870 Digawé kanthi mertal kaca "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350501275|Nanyang Technological University]]" 1748917 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Universitas Teknologi Nanyang''' ( '''NTU''' ) iku universitas [[Panlitèn|riset]] publik nasional ing [[Singapura]] . Diadegaké ing taun 1981, universitas iki uga minangka universitas otonom paling tuwa nomer loro ing negara iki. Kampus utama NTU, dumunung ing sisih kulon negara kasebut ing wilayah perencanaan Catchment Water Western, nyakup 200 hektar (2,0 km2; 490 hektar) lahan, dadi kampus universitas paling gedhe ing negara kasebut. Universitas kasebut uga ngoperasikake kampus medis ing Novena, distrik kesehatan Singapura. Ing taun 2024, NTU nduweni 37.458 mahasiswa, lan nduweni 7.997 dosen lan staf. [[Kategori:Pranala wayback cithakan webarchive]] [[Kategori:Artikel nganggo cithakan kothakinfo mawa larik data kosong]] [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina padatan]] [[Kategori:Koordhinat ana ing Wikidata]] [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina]] 88efz68tbwfcatlk3pt6vqf3sfb6vnk 1748918 1748917 2026-05-13T13:20:29Z Malaysia Skyline 57870 Digawé kanthi mertal kaca "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350501275|Nanyang Technological University]]" 1748918 wikitext text/x-wiki Universitas Teknologi Nanyang (NTU) iku universitas riset publik nasional ing Singapura. Diadegaké ing taun 1981, universitas iki uga minangka universitas otonom paling tuwa nomer loro ing negara iki. Kampus utama NTU, dumunung ing sisih kulon negara kasebut ing wilayah perencanaan Catchment Water Western, nyakup 200 hektar (2,0 km2; 490 hektar) lahan, dadi kampus universitas paling gedhe ing negara kasebut. Universitas kasebut uga ngoperasikake kampus medis ing Novena, distrik kesehatan Singapura. Ing taun 2024, NTU nduweni 37.458 mahasiswa, lan nduweni 7.997 dosen lan staf. [[Kategori:Pranala wayback cithakan webarchive]] [[Kategori:Artikel nganggo cithakan kothakinfo mawa larik data kosong]] [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina padatan]] [[Kategori:Koordhinat ana ing Wikidata]] [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina]] 6ebrf6h81rkmturwnsw53xuio9jq6gt 3 200364 1748951 2026-05-14T08:56:57Z Meursault2004 3 Sugeng rawuh 1748951 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">Sugeng rawuh, Sulandana!</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> ꧌ꦱꦸꦒꦼꦁꦫꦮꦸꦃꦲꦶꦁꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦗꦮ꧍[[Kategori:Wikipédiawan sing mlebu ing wulan Mèi 2026]] </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#e7e7e7; padding: 10px; padding-left: 20px; "> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"> <div style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[File:HelpPage IconPack-03.png|51px|alt=|link=]] Miwiti</div> <div style="padding-left: 51px; margin-top: -15px;"> * Wacanana kaca <u>'''[[Wikipedia:Prakawis|Pambukané Wikipédia]]'''</u> dhisik. * Wacanana uga '''[[Pitulung:Isi|katerangan bab carané urun ing Wikipédia]]'''.{{#ifexist:Naraguna:Sulandana|| * Isènana uga profilé panjenengan ing [{{fullurl:Naraguna:Sulandana|action=edit&preload=Cithakan:Sugeng-rawuh}}&editintro=Cithakan:Sugeng-rawuh Naraguna:Sulandana], minangka kaca kang nepungaké panjenengan supaya kita bisa tepung panjenengan.}} * Wacanana uga [[Wikipedia:Aturan sing diringkes|aturan kang karingkes iki]] sadurungé mbacutaké. </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"> <div style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[File:HelpPage IconPack-05.png|51px|alt=|link=]] Pituduh</div> <div style="padding-left: 51px; margin-top: -15px;"> * [[Pitulung:Tapak tangan|Tansah tandha-tangani]] pitakoné panjenengan manawa nulis ing [[Wikipedia:Angkringan|Angkringan]] utawa ing [[Wikipedia:Kaca parembugan|parembugan]] kanthi ngetik <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> ing pungkasané ukarané panjenengan. * [[Wikipedia:Aja kasusahan déning aturan|'''''Aja wedi!''''']] Panjenengan ora perlu wedi salah nalika mbesut utawa nggawé kaca anyar, nambah utawa nyuda ukara. </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 20px; "> <div> '''Mangga jajal-jajalana''', kita ngantu-antu pasumbang kawruhé panjenengan ing Wikipédia Jawa iki! </div> <div style="font-style: italic; font-size: 90%"> '''Welcome!''' If you do not understand Javanese, you may want to visit [[Wikipedia:Kacarakan|the embassy]] or [[Wikipedia:Babel/jv-0|find users who speak your language]]. Happy editing! </div> [[User:Meursault2004|Meursault2004]]^{[[User_talk:Meursault2004|ngobrol]]} 14 Mèi 2026 08.56 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> 2m0eu50ilat0kpfnfak05l2gedqn1jd 0 200365 1748953 2026-05-14T09:29:08Z Meursault2004 3 Rintisan saka [[:en:Alun Armstrong|]] 1748953 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Alun Armstrong (cropped-J1).jpg|thumb|Alun Armstrong (2012)]] '''Alan Armstrong''' (lair 17 Juli 1946<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp121504/alun-armstrong |title=year of birth |publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]] |accessdate=2 June 2023}}</ref>), ditepungi kanthi profésional minangka '''Alun Armstrong''', iku aktor karakter Inggris. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Lair 1946]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Wong Inggris]] f5kfa1uccyr62kpgpxw8ihjrv7tft8o 1748954 1748953 2026-05-14T09:35:42Z Meursault2004 3 /* Réferènsi */ 1748954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Alun Armstrong (cropped-J1).jpg|thumb|Alun Armstrong (2012)]] '''Alan Armstrong''' (lair 17 Juli 1946<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp121504/alun-armstrong |title=year of birth |publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]] |accessdate=2 June 2023}}</ref>), ditepungi kanthi profésional minangka '''Alun Armstrong''', iku aktor karakter Inggris. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} ==External links== * {{IMDb name|id=0035605|name=Alun Armstrong}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071201120000/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/5132 Alun Armstrong ing BFI Database] {{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong, Alun}} [[Kategori:Lair 1946]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Wong Inggris]] bq33wxuxtwkxoybvsh5il0zt6g172f7 0 200366 1748956 2026-05-14T10:03:55Z Meursault2004 3 Rintisan saka [[:en:Tywyn|]] 1748956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coor title dms|52|35|12|N|4|5|26|W|region:GB_type:city}} [[Gambar:Tywyn_-_2008-03-18.jpg|jmpl|400px|kiri|Jalan utama di Tywyn]] '''Tywyn''' utawa biyèn '''Towyn''' iku kutha cilik ing [[Gwynedd]], [[Wiles]], cedhak karo [[Kalo Talyllyn]] lan [[Teluk Cardigan]]. Dikenal sebagai resor pesisir, daya tarik di kota ini termasuk pantainya. Daya tarik lain termasuk [[Gereja St. Cadfan]] yang ber[[arsitektur Normandia]] yang di dalamnya ada [[Batu St. Cadfan]] yang berasal dari sekitar tahun [[650]] yang ada tulisan tertua [[bahasa Wales]], dan [[Talyllyn Railway]], jalur rel pertama yang dijalankan secara suka rela di Wales, dibuka kembali pada tahun [[1951]]. {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kutha ing Wiles]] ey2ipbxjwntbfwu81n4ps26k8cemc4i