Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 5006 1751078 1729439 2026-07-02T09:44:44Z 93neomiwon 73444 1751078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dwiaksara}}{{Delete}}{{Infobox settlement|name=Kabupaten Banyuwangi|other_name=ꦑꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦧꦪꦸꦮꦔꦶ|native_name_lang=id|official_name=Pemerintah Kabupaten Banyuwangi|translit_lang1=Others|translit_lang1_type=[[Aksara Lontara|Lontara]] ^{[[Suku Bugis|5]]}^,^{[[Suku Mandar|6]]}|translit_lang1_info=ᨅᨎᨘᨓᨂᨗ|translit_lang1_type1=Jawa|translit_lang1_info1=ꦑꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦧꦪꦸꦮꦔꦶ|translit_lang1_type2=Osing|translit_lang1_info2=Byanyuwangai|nickname=Kota Gandrung|motto=Satya Bhakti Praja Mukti<br>({{lang-ms|Setia berbakti untuk masyarakat makmur}})|image_seal=[[Gambar:Banyuwangi Regency coat of arms.svg|120px]]|imagesize=300px|image_skyline=|image_caption=Saka ndhuwur tekan ngisor kiwa: [[Gandrung Sewu]], [[Pantai Plengkung]] di Banyuwangi bagian selatan, [[Pantai Boom Banyuwangi]], [[Gunung Ijen]]|image_map=[[Gambar:Locator_kabupaten_banyuwangi.png]]|mapsize=|map_caption=Lokasi Banyuwangi di Negeri Jawa Timur|subdivision_type=Negara|subdivision_name={{INA}}|subdivision_type1=Negeri|subdivision_name1=[[Gambar:Coat_of_arms_of_East_Java.svg|15px]] [[Jawa Timur]]|government_type=Kabupaten|leader_title=Bupati|leader_name=Ipuk Fiestiandani|leader_title2=Wakil Bupati|leader_name2=Sugirah|established_title=Kawangun|established_date=18 Desember 1877|established_title1=Dinaiktaraf sebagai Kabupaten|established_date1=1950|area_magnitude=|area_total_km2=5782.50|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_metro_km2=|population_as_of=2012|population_note=|population_total=2,100,000 wong|population_density_km2=auto|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_mi2=|population_demonym=Banyuwangen|demographics_type1=Demografi|demographics1_title1=[[Kelompok etnik]]|demographics1_info1=[[Wong Osing|Osing]], [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]], [[Wong Madura|Madura]], [[Wong Bali|Bali]],[[Wong Melayu| Melayu]], [[Wong Mandar|Mandar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis Muncar]], [[Arab|Arab]], [[Wong Cina|Cina]]|demographics1_title2=[[Agama]]|demographics1_info2=[[Islam di Indonesia|Islam]] (93.50%), [[Hindu|Hindu]] (3.90%), [[Kristen Protestan|Kristen]] (1.25%), [[Katolik]] (0.72 %), [[Buddha|Budha]] (0.6%), [[Kejawen|Kejawen]] 0.03% <ref>[https://banyuwangikab.bps.go.id/index.php/publikasi/316/"Kabupaten Banyuwangi Dalam Angka 2016"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807193709/https://banyuwangikab.bps.go.id/index.php/publikasi/316/ |date=2017-08-07 }}, diakses 07 Agustus 2017</ref>|timezone1=Bahagian Barat Indonesia|timezone=|utc_offset=+07:00|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|pushpin_map=Indonesia|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_label=|pushpin_map_alt=|pushpin_mapsize=300px|pushpin_relief=|pushpin_map_caption=Lokasi Banyuwangi di Indonesia|coordinates={{coord|8|10|8|S|113|42|8|E|region:ID|display=inline}}|elevation_m=5|elevation_ft=|postal_code_type=Poskod|postal_code=684XX|area_code_type=Kod Panggilan|area_code=+62 333|geocode=ID-JW|iso_code=ID-BYW|registration_plate_type=Plat Kenderaan|registration_plate=P|website={{URL|banyuwangikab.go.id}}|footnotes=|image={{photomontage|photo1a= Gandrung Sewu.jpg |photo2a= Plengkung Bay Beach 1 (109324109).jpeg |photo2b= Sunset marina boom banyuwangi.jpg |photo3a= Danau Belerang Ijen.jpg | size = 300 | spacing = 1 | color = transparent | border = 0 }}|translit_lang1_type3=[[Abjad Pegon|Pegon]]/[[Tulisan Jawi|Jawi]] ^{[[Suku Madura|3]]}^,^{[[Suku Melayu|4]]}|translit_lang1_info3=باڽوواڠي}} '''Kabupatèn Banyuwangi''' iku kabupatèn ing [[Jawa Wétan]], kutha [[Banyuwangi]] iku [[kutha krajan]] kabupatèné, kutha-kutha liyané:---, lan liya-liyané. Jembar wewengkon kabupatèn iki ± 5.782,50&nbsp;km² utawa---hèktar. kabupatèn iki anané ing ujung [[wétan]] pulo Jawa. == Sajarah == Pembentukan Kabupatèn Banyuwangi diwiwiti kanthi anané krajan Blambangan. Ing taun [[1743]] kabèh Jawa Wétan (kalebu Blambangan) dijupuk saka VOC. Nanging, pirang-pirang dékade mengko sawisé Inggris berhasil ngrebut Blambangan lan nyipta kantor perdagangan. Iki nyebabaké VOC njupuk alih wilayah Blambangan lan sakiwa tengené. Wilayah iki banjur dikenal kanthi jeneng Banyuwangi. Sajroné perjuangan kasebut, uga ana perang Puputan Bayu sing kalebu bagèan prosès kelairan Kabupatèn Banyuwangi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://banyuwangikab.go.id/profil/gambaranumum.html|title=Profil|date=2021-10-12|website=banyuwangikab.go.id|access-date=2021-10-12}}</ref> == Géografi == 7,43° – 8,46° [[Lintang Kidul]] dan 113,53° – 114,38° [[Bujur wétan]] == Papréntahan == Kabupatèn Banyuwangi ketata saking 25 [[kacamatan]],---[[kalurahan]] lan---[[désa]]. Kacamatan-Kacamatan ing kabupatèn iki yaiku: {{col-css3-begin|3}} * [[Bangorejo, Banyuwangi|Bangorejo]] * [[Banyuwangi, Banyuwangi|Banyuwangi]] * [[Blimbingsari, Banyuwangi|Blimbingsari]] * [[Cluring, Banyuwangi|Cluring]] * [[Gambiran, Banyuwangi|Gambiran]] * [[Genteng, Banyuwangi|Genteng]] * [[Giri, Banyuwangi|Giri]] * [[Glagah, Banyuwangi|Glagah]] * [[Glenmore, Banyuwangi|Glenmore]] * [[Kabat, Banyuwangi|Kabat]] * [[Kalibaru, Banyuwangi|Kalibaru]] * [[Kalipuro, Banyuwangi|Kalipuro]] * [[Licin, Banyuwangi|Licin]] * [[Muncar, Banyuwangi|Muncar]] * [[Pesanggaran, Banyuwangi|Pesanggaran]] * [[Purwoharjo, Banyuwangi|Purwoharjo]] * [[Rogojampi, Banyuwangi|Rogojampi]] * [[Sempu, Banyuwangi|Sempu]] * [[Siliragung, Banyuwangi|Siliragung]] * [[Singojuruh, Banyuwangi|Singojuruh]] * [[Songgon, Banyuwangi|Songgon]] * [[Srono, Banyuwangi|Srono]] * [[Tegaldlimo, Banyuwangi|Tegaldlimo]] * [[Tegalsari, Banyuwangi|Tegalsari]] * [[Wongsorejo, Banyuwangi|Wongsorejo]] {{col-css3-end}} == Demografi == Populasi Banyuwangi cukup beragam, suku Osing sing mayoritas. Nanging, ana uga [[Wong Madura|suku Madura]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]] sing cukup gedhe, uga kelompok minoritas kayata [[Wong Bali|suku Bali]] lan [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]]. Suku Osing iku asli saka Kabupaten Banyuwangi lan biasane dianggep minangka sub-suku saka suku Jawa. Dhèwèké nggunakake [[Basa Using|basa Osing]] sing dikenal minangka salah sawijining [[basa Jawa]] paling tuwa. Kesenian asli Banyuwangi antara lain kuntulan, gandrung, jaranan, barong, janger lan seblang. Basa lan kabudayan suku Osing minangka warisan basa lan budaya Blambangan, ora kena pengaruh [[basa]] lan [[Bali|budaya Bali]], kaya sing dikira saperangan masyarakat. == Transportasi == Ibu kota Kabupaten Banyuwangi 239 [[Kilomèter|kilometer]] sisih wetan [[Kutha Surabaya|Surabaya]]. Kutha Banyuwangi minangka ujung paling wetan saka Jalur Pantura, uga [[Sepur|titik sepur]] paling wetan ing [[Jawa|pulo Jawa]]. Saka Surabaya, Kabupaten Banyuwangi bisa ditempuh liwat rong dalan, yaiku Jalur Lor lan Jalur Kidul. Jalur Lor minangka bagéan saka Jalur Pantura sing wiwit saka Daru Ujung Kulon nganti Pelabuhan Ketapang, dene Jalur Kidul minangka cabang saka Jalur Pantura saka Kabupaten Pasuruan liwat Kabupaten Lumajang lan Kabupaten Jember. Pelabuhan Ketapang dumunung ing sisih lor kutha Banyuwangi, lan nyambungake Jawa karo Bali liwat ferry. Kanggo transportasi udara, ana Bandara Banyuwangi sing nyambungake Banyuwangi karo kutha [[Kutha Denpasar|Denpasar]], [[Bali]], [[Kutha Surabaya|Surabaya]], [[Jakartah|Jakarta]] lan [[Kuala Lumpur]] <ref>[http://bali.tribunnews.com/2018/12/12/rute-internasional-kuala-lumpur-banyuwangi-resmi-dibuka-pada-19-desember]</ref>, [[Malaysia]]. == Pemerintahan == === Daftar Bupati === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Banyuwangi}} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! style="background:lavender;" |No ! colspan="3" style="background:lavender;" |Bupati ! style="background:lavender;" |Mulai menjabat ! style="background:lavender;" |Akhir menjabat ! style="background:lavender;" |Prd. ! style="background:lavender;" |Wakil Bupati ! style="background:lavender;" |Ket. |- |- | align="center" |1 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |Temenggung Wiroguno I <small>(alias Mas Alit)</small> | align="center" |1773 | align="center" |1782 | align="center" |1 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |2 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |Temenggung Wiroguno II <small>(alias Mas Talib)</small> | align="center" |1782 | align="center" |1818 | align="center" |2 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |3 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |Temenggung Surenggrono | align="center" |1818 | align="center" |1832 | align="center" |3 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |4 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |RT. Wiryo Adi Danuningrat | align="center" |1832 | align="center" |1867 | align="center" |4 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |5 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |RT. Pringgokusumo | align="center" |1867 | align="center" |1881 | align="center" |5 | | align="center" |{{refn|Keturunan [[Tawangalun|Tawangalun dari Blambangan]] terakhir yang memegang jabatan bupati|group=ket.}} |- | align="center" |6 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |RT. Aryo Sugondo | align="center" |1881 | align="center" |1888 | align="center" |6 | | align="center" |{{refn|Bupati yang berasal dari [[Praja Mangkunegaran]]|group=ket.}} |- | align="center" |7 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |RT. Astro Kusumo | align="center" |1888 | align="center" |1889 | align="center" |7 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |8 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |RT. Surenggono | align="center" |1889 | align="center" |1905 | align="center" |8 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |9 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |RT. Kusumonegoro | align="center" |1905 | align="center" |1910 | align="center" |9 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |10 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |RT. Notodiningrat | align="center" |1910 | align="center" |1920 | align="center" |10 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |11 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |R. Ahmad Noto Adi Suryo | align="center" |1920 | align="center" |1930 | align="center" |11 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |12 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |R. Murtajab | align="center" |1930 | align="center" |1935 | align="center" |12 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |13 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |R. Ahmad Prastika | align="center" |1935 | align="center" |1942 | align="center" |13 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |14 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |R. Oesman Soemodinoto | align="center" |1942 | align="center" |1947 | align="center" |14 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |15 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |R. Ahmad Kusumo Negoro | align="center" |1947 | align="center" |1949 | align="center" |15 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |16 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |R. Moch. Sachrawisetio Abiwinoto | align="center" |1949 | align="center" |1949 | align="center" |16 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |17 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |Sukarbi | align="center" |1949 | align="center" |1950 | align="center" |17 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |(14) |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |R. Oesman Soemodinoto | align="center" |1950 | align="center" |1955 | align="center" |18 | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="2" align="center" |18 | rowspan="2" |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |Soegito Noto Soegito | rowspan="2" align="center" |1955 | rowspan="2" align="center" |1965 | align="center" |19 | | rowspan="2" align="center" | |- | align="center" |20 | |- | align="center" |19 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |Soewarso Kanapi <small>S.H.</small> | align="center" |1965 | align="center" |1966 | align="center" |21 | | align="center" |{{refn|Diduga terlibat [[PKI]]<ref>[http://ikaning.wordpress.com/2008/01/27/sejarah-pki-di-banyuwangi-dan-pembantaian-cemethuk-18-oktober-1965/ Sejarah PKI Di Banyuwangi dan Pembantaian Cemethuk 18 Oktober 1965]</ref><ref>[https://www.mail-archive.com/forum-pembaca-kompas@yahoogroups.com/msg50570.html (Forum Pembaca KOMPAS) Pembunuhan Massal pada 1965-1967 di Surabaya, Malang, dan Pasuruan]</ref>|group=ket.}} |- | align="center" |20 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |<small>Letkol (Purn.)</small>Djoko Supaat Slamet | align="center" |1966 | align="center" |1978 | align="center" |22 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |21 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |Soesilo Suharto, S.H | align="center" |1978 | align="center" |1983 | align="center" |23 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |22 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |S. Djoko Wasito | align="center" |1983 | align="center" |1988 | align="center" |24 | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |23 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | |[[:id:Harwin_Wasisto|Harwin Wasisto]] | align="center" |1988 | align="center" |1991 | align="center" |25 | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="2" align="center" |24 |[[Gambar:No-Image-Placeholder.svg|123x123px]] | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[:id:Turyono_Purnomo_Sidik|<small>Kol Pol. (Purn) H</small>T. Purnomo Sidik]] | rowspan="2" align="center" |1991 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2000 | align="center" |26 | | rowspan="2" align="center" | |- | align="center" |27 | |- | align="center" |25 |[[Gambar:Ir syamsul hadi.jpg|128x128px]] | |[[:id:Samsul_Hadi|<small>Ir.</small>Samsul Hadi]] | align="center" |2000 | align="center" |2005 | align="center" |28 | align="center" |Abdul Kadir | align="center" | |- | align="center" |26 |[[Gambar:Ratna Ani Lestari Bupati Banyuwangi.jpg|132x132px]] | |[[:id:Ratna_Ani_Lestari|Ratna Ani Lestari]] [[:id:Ratna_Ani_Lestari|<small>S.E., M.M</small>]] | align="center" |2005 | align="center" |2010 | align="center" |29 | align="center" |Yusuf Nur Iskandar | align="center" | |- | align="center" |27 |[[Gambar:Bupati Banyuwangi Anas.jpg|121x121px]] | |[[:id:Abdullah_Azwar_Anas|Abdullah Azwar Anas]] | align="center" |2010 | align="center" |2015 | align="center" |30 | align="center" |Yusuf Widyatmoko | align="center" | |- | align="center" |* | | |[[:id:Zarkasi|Zarkasi]] <small>(Pejabat)</small> | align="center" |22 Oktober 2015 | align="center" |17 Februari 2016 | align="center" | | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |(27) |[[Gambar:Bupati Banyuwangi Anas.jpg|121x121px]] | |[[:id:Abdullah_Azwar_Anas|Abdullah Azwar Anas]] | align="center" |17 Februari 2016 | align="center" |''2020'' | align="center" |31 | align="center" |Yusuf Widyatmoko | align="center" | |- |(28) |[[Gambar:Official Portrait of Ipuk Fiestiandani, Regent of Banyuwangi.png|150x150px]] | |[[:id:Ipuk_Fiestiandani|Ipuk Fiestiandani]] |17 Februari 2021 |''Petahana'' |31 |[[:id:Sugirah|Sugirah]] |{{refn|Bupati Banyuwangi terpilih|group=ket.}} |} === Dewan Perwakilan === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Banyuwangi}} {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Partai Politik ! colspan="2" |Jumlah Kursi dalam Periode |- !2014-2019 !2019-2024 |- |[[Gambar:Pkbdiy.jpg|26x26px]] [[Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa|PKB]] | align="center" |10 | align="right" |{{decrease}} 9 |- |[[Barkas:Partai Gerindra logo.jpg|19x19px]] [[Parti Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] | align="center" |5 | align="right" |{{steady}} 5 |- |[[Barkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Vlag van de Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan TMnr 6195-1.jpg|19x19px]][[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan|PDI Perjuangan]] | align="center" |10 | align="right" |{{increase}} 12 |- | [[Barkas:Logo Golkar.svg|20x20px]] [[Partai Golongan Karya|Golkar]] | align="center" |7 | align="right" |{{decrease}} 5 |- |[[Gambar:Partai_NasDem.svg|20x20px]] [[Partai NasDem|NasDem]] | align="center" |2 | align="right" |{{increase}} 5 |- |[[Gambar:PKS_logo_2020.png|28x28px]] [[Partai Keadilan Sejahtera|PKS]] | align="center" |2 | align="right" |{{steady}} 2 |- |[[Gambar:Logo_PPP_(1973-1982).svg|20x20px]] [[Partai Persatuan Pembangunan|PPP]] | align="center" |4 | align="right" |{{steady}} 4 |- |[[Barkas:Flag Partai Amanat Nasional PAN logo.jpg|28x28px]] [[Partai Amanat Nasional|PAN]] | align="center" |1 | align="right" |{{decrease}} 0 |- |[[Gambar:HANURA.jpg|20x20px]] [[:id:Partai_Hanura|Hanura]] | align="center" |4 | align="right" |{{decrease}} 2 |- |[[Gambar:Logo_of_the_Democratic_Party_(Indonesia).svg|20x20px]] [[Partai Demokrat|Demokrat]] | align="center" |5 | align="right" |{{increase}} 6 |- !Jumlah Anggota !50 !{{steady}} 50 |- !Jumlah Partai !10 !{{decrease}} 9 |} == Pariwisata == [[Gambar:Plengkung Bay Beach 1 (109324109).jpeg|thumb|250x250px|Pantai Plengkung, salah satu Pantai dengan ombak terbaik terbaik di dunia.]] * Kabupatèn Banyuwangi duwé akèh papan wisata kayata:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tentangnusantara.com/2015/11/pantai-blimbingsari-banyuwangi-jawa.html|title=salinan arkib|access-date=2021-01-28|archive-date=2015-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121045949/http://www.tentangnusantara.com/2015/11/pantai-blimbingsari-banyuwangi-jawa.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tentangnusantara.com/2015/10/melihat-kecantikan-blue-fire-kawah-ijen.html|title=salinan arkib|access-date=2021-01-28|archive-date=2015-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121025029/http://www.tentangnusantara.com/2015/10/melihat-kecantikan-blue-fire-kawah-ijen.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isunbanyuwangi.com/2016/05/tabuhan-private-paradise-di-banyuwangi.html|title=salinan arkib|access-date=2021-01-28|archive-date=2016-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026195152/http://www.isunbanyuwangi.com/2016/05/tabuhan-private-paradise-di-banyuwangi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kawah Ijen * Pantai Boom * Pantai Plengkung * Pantai Rajegwesi * Pulo Abang * Watu Dodol * Teluk Ijo * Teluk Biru * Pantai Lampon * Pantai Blimbingsari * Pantai Wedi Ireng * Pantai Sukomade * Pantai Bangsring * Pantai cemara * Rawa Bayu * Rawa rembulan * Omah wit * Omah Ngambang * Waduk Sidodadi * Waduk Bajulmati * Pulo Tabuhan * Air Terjun Lider * Air Terjun Wonorejo (Tirto Kemanten) * Air Terjun Jagir Kab * Air Terjun Antogan * Air Terjun Selendangarum * Wisata Osing * Wisata Rafting Sungai Badeng * Taman Blambangan * Taman Sritanjung * Taman Tirtawangi * Alam Indah Lestari * Mira Fantasi * Taman Komando * Taman Nasional Alas Purwo * Taman Nasional Meru Betiri * Taman Nasional Baluran * Savanna Sadengan * Job Park * Tur Sejarah Asrama Inggris ==== Warisan budaya ==== * Situs Umpak Songo * Situs Siti Inggil * Klenteng Ho Tong Bio == Masakan Banyuwangi == === Masakan === Kabupaten Banyuwangi nduweni macem-macem panganan khas Banyuwangi, kalebu:{{col|2}} * [[Sego tempong]] * [[Sego cawuk]] * [[Pindang Srani]] * Sego Gecok * Sego Golong * Sate Kalak * Pecel Pitik * Sambel Lucu * Jangan Kelor * Jangan Kesrut * Jangan Pakis * Jangan Lobok * Jangan Lompong * Jangan Bobohan * Jangan Jawar * Jangan Leroban * Jangan Pol * Jangan Klenthang * Jangan Bung * Pelasan Oling * Pelasan Uceng * Peceg Lele * Uyah Asem Pitik * Kupat Lodoh * [[Pindang koyong]] * Bothok Simbukan * Bothok Tawon * Ayam Pedas Genteng * Rujak Letog * Sambel Pedho * Sambel Pindang * Sambel Pete * Oseng-oseng Pare * Bindol Pakem * Tahu Petis * Wiyongkong * [[Rujak soto]] * Pecel Thotol * Lak-lak {{EndDiv}} === Jajanan tradisional === Kabupaten Banyuwangi nduweni macem-macem jajanan khas pasar Banyuwangi, antarane:{{col|2}} * Bagiak * Sale Pisang Barlin * Kelemben * Satuh * Manisan Cerme * Manisan Pala Kering * Manisan Tomat * Manisan Kolang-kaling * Ladrang * Kacang Tanah Open Asin * Dodol Salak * Sale Pisang Anggur * Loro Kencono * Karang Emas * Kolak Gepuk * Widaran * Wiroko * Petulo * Ketan Kirip * Onde – Onde * Tahu Walek{{EndDiv}} === Ombenan === Kabupaten Banyuwangi nduweni macem-macem ombenan khas Banyuwangi, antara liya: * Secang * Selasih * Ronde * Angsle * Caok * Setup Semarang * [[Gambar:Holy_fountain_Beji_Ananthaboga_(2016).jpg|pra=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fail:Holy_fountain_Beji_Ananthaboga_(2016).jpg|jmpl|Petirtan di Pura Beji Ananthaboga dan Pelinggih Ganesha]]Kolak Duren * Kopi Luak * Kopi Lanang * Kopi Kemiren * Es Gedang Ijo * Es Temu lawak Kabupaten Banyuwangi nduweni macem-macem oleh-oleh khas Banyuwangi, antara liya: [[Gambar:Students of Sebelas Maret University dancing the Jejer Dance, 2015-07-29 03.jpg|thumb|Penari Gandrung di depan acara Pentas Seni.]] * Awug (Iwel-iwel) * Pirates * Serabi Solo * Omong kosong * Jenang Kudus * Jenang Bedil * Makna jeneng pisanan Mutioro * Jenang Selo * Bodho * Apem Takir * Lak-lak * Preseden * Ayo * wadon * Setelan polo == Kabudayan == Kajawi minangka papan persimpangan saking [[Jawa]] tumuju [[Bali]], Kabupaten Banyuwangi ugi dados papan patemon maneka warni kabudayan saking maneka daerah. Kabudayan masyarakat Banyuwangi diwarnai dening budaya Jawa, Bali, [[Wong Madura|Madura]], [[Wong Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Tiyang Indo|Eropa]] kang pungkasane dadi kabudayan lokal kang durung nate ditemokake ing dhaerah apa wae ing pulo Jawa. ing Banyuwangi === Bathik === Bathik sing diarani jati diri Bangsa Indonesia ora bisa dipungkiri. Wontenipun satemene minangka perangan saking pagesangan masarakat Indonesia mliginipun tiyang Jawi. Motif-motif kasebut diilhami ora adoh saka urip saben dina. Semono uga karo banyuwangi, ana sawetara motif sing misuwur, yaiku[[Gambar:Kesenian Gamelan Banyuwangi.jpg|thumb|Gamelan Banyuwangi yang mengiringi tari gandrung.]] * Gajah oling * Paras Gempal * Sekar Jagad * Kangkung Setingkes * Mata Ayam Batik jinis iki minangka perangan saka Motif Batik Istimewa Banyuwangi sing isih urip lan ngrembaka ing kalangan masyarakat lokal. Kesenian tradhisional Kesenian tradisional khas Banyuwangi meliputi: {| width="100%" | width="40%" | * [[:ms:Gandrung_Banyuwangi|Gandrung Banyuwangi]] * [[:ms:Seblang|Seblang]] * [[:ms:Janger|Janger]] * [[:ms:Rengganis|Rengganis]] * [[:ms:Hadrah_Kunthulan|Hadrah Kunthulan]] * [[:ms:Patrol|Patrol]] | * [[:ms:Mocopatan_Pacul_Goang|Mocopatan Pacul Goang]] * [[:ms:Jaranan_Butho|Jaranan Butho]] * [[:ms:Barong|Barong]] * [[:ms:Kebo-Keboan|Kebo-Keboan]] * [[:ms:Angklung_Caruk|Angklung Caruk]] * [[:ms:Gedhogan|Gedhogan]] |} Kesenian iki kalebu kesenian khas Banyuwangi sing isih urip lan ngrembaka ing kalangan masyarakat setempat. === Lagu Daerah === * Umbul-Umbul Blambangan * Ugo-Ugo * Banyuwangi Ijo Royo-Royo * Seblang Lukinto === Musik khas Banyuwangi === [[Gamelan]] Banyuwangi kang mligi digunakake ing beksan Gandrung iki nduweni ciri khas dhewe-dhewe, anane biola loro, salah sijine didadekake pangripta tembang. Miturut sejarah, [[Tiyang Indo|wong Eropa]] weruh pagelaran Gandrung sing diiringi suling watara [[Abad ping 19|abad 19]] lan nyoba nylarasake karo biola sing digawa. Irama sing diasilake biola nyentuh atine para penonton lan wiwit iku biola wiwit ngganti suling amarga bisa ngasilake nada dhuwur sing ora bisa diasilake dening suling. [[Piranti musik|Alat musik]] tradisional sing digunakake kanggo gamelan Banyuwangi yaiku: * '''Kluncing''', yaiku piranti musik [[Pasagi telu|segi telu]] sing digawe saka kawat wesi kandel, lan muni nganggo alat perkusi sing digawe saka bahan sing padha. * '''Kendhang'''  sing meh padha karo kendhang sing digunakake ing gamelan [[Wong Sundha|Sunda]] lan [[Wong Bali|Bali]]. Biasane cacahe siji utawa loro, fungsine khendhang minangka pemimpin musik. * '''Kethuk''' saka wesi cacahe loro lan digawe maneka ukuran, miturut pangaturan. "Kethuk estri" (feminin) sing gedhe, lan ing gamelan Jawa diarani Slendro, dene "kethuk jaler" (maskulin) diatur siji nada luwih dhuwur. Fungsi kethuk ing kene ora mung minangka penguat utawa panyengkuyung irama kaya ing gamelan Jawa, nanging uga digabungake karo kluncing kanggo nututi irama gendhing. * '''Kempul''' ing gamelan Banyuwangi (mligi Gandrung) mung dumadi saka piranti gong wesi sing kadhangkala diselingi "saron bali" lan [[angklung]]. Saliyane gamelan kanggo beksan Gandrung, gamelan kang digunakake kanggo pagelaran Angklung Caruk iki rada beda karo gamelan Gandrung amarga saka angklung pring kang dilaras, miturut nada. Kanggo gamelan ronda, kabeh piranti musik digawe saka pring, dene kanggo pagelaran Janger digunakake gamelan Bali lan Rengganis, gamelan Jawa komplit. Mliginipun kesenian Hadrah Kunthulan ngginakaken rebana, beduk, kendhang, biola lan kadang bonang (disebut “reong” ing gamelan Bali). Modernisasi uga ora bisa dihindari ing seni karawitan Banyuwangi, kanthi muncule maneka warna variasi musik kang arupa tetandhingan tradhisional lan modern, kayata Kunthulan Ciptaan, Gandrung Ciptaan, Kendhang Kempul Ciptaan lan Janger Campursari. Pertandhingan kasebut nggabungake unsur [[Elektronika|elektronik]] ing musik lan dadi seni populer ing masyarakat. Nanging, sawetara ahli budaya kuwatir yen kesenian kasebut bakal mengaruhi seni klasik sing wis atusan taun ngrembaka. == Referensi == <references /> <references group="ket." /> == Deleng uga == * [[Pratélan Daerah Tingkat II]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.banyuwangi.go.id Situs Web Resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403064111/http://www.banyuwangi.go.id/ |date=2007-04-03 }} {{kabupatèn Banyuwangi}} {{Jawa Wétan}} [[Kategori:Pratélan Daerah Tingkat II]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Jawa Wétan]] {{stub}} b2k5t6y9nkhq47gqipa5aih7asqseqq 0 18630 1751062 1645479 2026-07-02T05:19:43Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country | native_name = Républik Kénya | common_name = Kénya | image_flag = Flag of Kenya.svg | image_coat = | national_motto = Harambee <br />''([[Basa Swahili]]: Ayo nyambut gawé bebarengan)'' | image_map = Kenya in its region (de-facto).svg | national_anthem = [[Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu]] <br />''(Oh Gusti Pangéran Maha Pancipta)'' | official_languages = [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]], [[Basa Swahili|Swahili]] | capital = [[Nairobi]] | capitals_coordinates = [http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params=1_16_S_36_48_E_type:city 1°16′ S 36°48′ T] | government_type = [[Républik Multi Parté]] | leader_titles = [[Présidhèn Kenya|Présidhèn]]<br />[[Wakil Présidhèn Kenya|Wakil Présidhèn]] | leader_names = [[Mwai Kibaki]]<br />[[Moody Awori]] | largest_city = [[Nairobi]] | area = 582.646 | area_rank = 46 | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | percent_water = 2,3% | population_estimate = 32.021.860 | population_estimate_year = 2004 | population_estimate_rank = 37 | population_census = 31.138.735 | population_census_year = 2002 | population_density = 56 | population_density_rank = 142 | GDP_PPP_year = 2004 | GDP_PPP = 33.028 | GDP_PPP_rank = 81 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = 390 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 151 | sovereignty_type = [[Kamardikan]] | established_events = &nbsp;-Tanggal | established_dates = Saka [[Karajan Manunggal]] <br /> [[12 Dhésèmber]] [[1963]] | currency = [[Shilling Kenya]] | currency_code = KES | time_zone = [[Wektu Moskwa|MSK]] | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = ora ana | utc_offset_DST = +3 | cctld =.ke | calling_code = 254 (005 saka [[Tanzania]] lan [[Uganda]]) | footnotes = }} '''Républik Kénya''' (panulisan sajeroning [[basa Inggris]] lan [[basa Indonésia]]: Kenya), iku nagara ing [[Afrika Wétan]] kang wewatesan karo [[Etiopia]] ing lor, [[Somalia]] ing wétan, [[Tanzania]] ing kidul, [[Uganda]] ing kulon, lan [[Sudan]] ing lor-wétan. Banjur nagara iki nduwé pasisir ing [[Samodra Hindhia]] ing sisil kidul-wétan. Kénya kang ndunungi 32.021.860 jiwa lan kutha krajané [[Nairobi]]. == Kutha gedhé lan kang ndunungi == {|class="wikitable" !Kutha!!Padunung |- | [[Nairobi]] ||2 940 911 |- | [[Mombasa]] ||707 400 |- | [[Nakuru]] ||337 200 |- | [[Kisumu]] ||273 400 |- | [[Eldoret]] ||249 100 |- | [[Nyeri]] ||213 000 |- | [[Machakos]] ||179 500 |- | [[Meru, Kenya|Meru]] ||140 900 |- |} == Dhémografi == Kenya iu nagara kang multi ètnis. Akèh-akèhé kang ndunungi Kénya nguwasani rong basa ya iku [[basa Inggris]] lan [[basa Swahili]], uga akèh kang wicara nganggo basa ètnis sukuné. ; Golongan ètnik: [[Kikuyu]] 22%, [[Luhya]] 14%, [[Luo]] 13%, [[Kalenjin]] 12%, [[Kamba]] 11%, [[Kisii]] 6%, [[Meru]] 6%, Afrikan liya 15%, non-Afrikan ([[Asia]], [[Éropah]], lan [[Arab]]) 1% ; Kutha gedhé: [[Nairobi]], [[Mombasa]], [[Kisumu]], [[Nakuru]] lan [[Eldoret]]. == Agama == {{bar box |title=Agama ing Kénya<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tx.htmlCIA the World Factbook]</ref> |titlebar=#ddd |left1=religion |right1=percent |float=left |bars= {{bar percent|[[Kristen]]|Red|45}} {{bar percent|[[Katulik]]|Blue|33}} {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|10}} {{bar percent|Padunung asli|Yellow|10}} {{bar percent|[[Liya]]|Black|2}} }} {{clear}} == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.kenya.go.ke/ Government of Kenya Situs resmi pamaréntah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113033437/http://www.kenya.go.ke/ |date=2008-11-13 }} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1024563.stm ''Country Profile''] saka [[BBC News]] * [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Kenya Kenya] saka [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] * {{CIA World Factbook link|ke|Kenya}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/kenya.htm Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091024050050/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/kenya.htm |date=2009-10-24 }} saka ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{wikiatlas|Kenya}} {{Afrika}} {{Bawana}} [[Kategori:Kénya| ]] {{geo-stub}} 9up20v9u2itludemgglotrhi77m0dl5 0 22376 1751045 1734984 2026-07-01T18:24:55Z HyBoxwood 73439 [[w:zh:Template_talk:中华人民共和国国徽#編輯請求_2026-04-17_将svg替换为File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg]] 1751045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|35|N|103|E|type:country|display=title}} <div style="float:right; clear:right; width:300px; margin-left: 1em;"> {| {{prettytable}} width="270px" align="right" |+<font size="+1">'''中华人民共和国 <br />Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó''' |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {| |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Gambar:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|120px]] |align="center" width="140px"| |align="center" width="140px"| [[Gambar:中華人民共和國國徽.svg|120px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"| |} |- |align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"|<small>''[[Sesanti]]: Ora ana''</small> |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Gambar:China in its region (claimed hatched).svg|240px|peta_China.png]] |- || '''[[Basa resmi]]''' || [[Basa Mandarin|Mandarin]], [[Basa Kanton|Kanton]], [[basa Inggris|Inggris]], [[basa Portugis|Portugis]] |- || '''[[Kutha krajan]]''' || [[Beijing]] (台北) |- || '''Kutha gedhé dhéwé''' || [[Shanghai]] (上海) |- || '''[[Padunung]]''' || 1,3 milyar jiwa |- || '''[[Jembar]]''' || 9.598.086 [[kilomèter persegi|km²]] |- || '''[[Présidhèn]]''' || [[Xi Jinping]] (习近平) |- || '''Mahamantri''' || [[Li Qiang]] (李强) |- || '''[[Valuta]]''' || [[Renminbi]] <br /> (人民币) |- || '''[[Zona wektu]]''' || [[UTC]] +8 |- || '''[[Lagu kabangsan]]''' || 义勇军进行曲 ''[[Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ]]'' ("Barisan Para Sukarélawan") |- || '''[[TLD]]''' ||.cn |- || '''[[Kodhe nagara]]''' || +86 |- |} </div> '''Républik Rakyat Cina''' uga kerep dicekak dadi RRC utawa [[Cina]] Dharatan waé iku nagara ing [[Asia Wétan]] kang resminé isih nagara [[kuminisme|kuminis]]. Nagara iki kang ndunungi kang akèh dhéwé sadonya. Cacahé gunggungé kurang luwih ana 1.321.851.888 jiwa. Yèn miturut ambané wewengkon, nagara iki nagara kaping papat sadonya mawa jembaré ana 9.598.086&nbsp;km² (jembar iki tanpa [[Taiwan|Taywan]] lan sawatara tlatah pasulayan liyané). Kuthagara (Ind: ibukota) RRC iku [[Beijing|Peycing]] (pinyin: Beijing), nanging kutha kang gedhé dhéwé iku [[Shanghai|Syanghay]]. Saliyané Cina Dharatan dhéwé, nagara iki uga ndarbèni kadaulatan sadhuwuring apa kang diarani "Tlatah Administratif Mligi" [[Hong Kong]] lan [[Makau|Makaw]]. Banjur wewengkon [[Tibet]] uga dikuwasani minangka ''de facto'' sanadyan ora diakoni sawatara pihak. Saliyané manèh [[Républik China|Républik Cina]] utawa Taywan kang dianggep sawijining propinsi kang mbaléla uga didaku nanging ora dikuwasani minangka ''de facto''. Nagarabasa ing RRC iku basa Mandharin. Nanging ing sawatara tlatah uga ana basa laladan liyané kang dumadi basa resmi, yaiku [[basa Kwangtung]] ing Hong Kong lan Makaw saha [[basa Inggris]] ing [[Hong Kong]] lan [[basa Portugis]] ing [[Makau|Makaw]]. == Uga delengen == * [[Hong Kong]] * [[Makau]] * [[Républik China|Républik Cina]] == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.exploremychina.com/index-indonesian.html Anjajah Républik Rakyat Cina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109065003/http://www.exploremychina.com/index-indonesian.html |date=2008-11-09 }} {{Dewan Keamanan PBB}} [[Kategori:Républik Rakyat Cina]] l9rrns0hk3hm60m9p29zire1bo711d7 0 22976 1751047 1745539 2026-07-01T21:09:16Z Ardianto22 66871 /* */ 1751047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Wikipédia basa Jawa|ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ}} {{Infobox Website | name = ꧋ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦢꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮ | logo = [[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv-java.svg]]<br>[[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.svg]] | screenshot = [[Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2021-05-01.png|240px]] | caption = ''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 1 Mèi 2021 | url = {{URL|https://jv.wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Ora | type = ꧋ꦧꦲꦸꦮꦂꦤ꧀ꦤ ꦎꦤꦭꦺꦤ꧀ | language = ꧋ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | registration = ꧋ꦩꦤꦰꦸꦏ | owner = ꧋ꦪꦺꦪꦱꦤꦮꦶꦏꦶꦩꦺꦝꦶꦪ | author = | launch date = 8 Maret 2004 ꧘꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧒꧔ | current status = | revenue = }} '''Wikipédia basa Jawa''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ) iku gagrag basa Jawa [[bauwarna]] gumathuk [[Wikipédia]]. Artikel utawa léma kapisané yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], kang tinulis ing tanggal [[8 Maret]] [[2004]]<ref> * Artikel paling pertama yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], dening Meursault2004, tanggal 8 Maret. * Nanging kuwi besutan ka-8. Wonten 7 besutan sakderenge Artikel paling pertama: * Nomer 7: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=7 besutan Meursault ing Kaca Utama] - 8 Maret * Nomer 4792: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&diff=prev&oldid=4742 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 22 Februari * Nomer 5: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=5 besutan anonim sing nerjemahne Kaca Utama] 15 Februari * Nomer 4: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&oldid=4 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 29 Januari 2004 * besutan paling pertama sing kecatet yaiku tanggal 23 Januari 2003 [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&oldid=1] dening [[Naraguna:Patrick]] ([[Mirunggan:Pasumbanging_naraguna/Patrick|1 pasumbangan]])</ref>. Tekan saiki ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}), wis ana {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} artikel ing Wikipédia basa Jawa. Wikipédia basa Jawa lumrahé mèlu paugeran-paugeran Wikipédia basa Inggris lan Wikipédia basa Indonésia. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa kabèh artikel uga kudu ditulis mawa [[Wikipédia:Cara ndeleng nétral]] utawa ing basa Inggris diarani ''Neutral Point of View''. Mirunggan Wikipédia basa Jawa yaiku akèh ngamot artikel-artikel bab prakara Kajawèn, mligi bab basa, sastra lan budaya Jawa. == Naraguna aktif == Naraguna mobah Wikipédia Jawa wiwité mligi pancèn saka [[Tanah Jawa]], nanging lumrahé manggon lan ngaksès Wikipédia saka [[Jakarta]]. Yèn dibandhingaké karo Wikipédia basa Indonésia, Wikipédia basa Jawa cacahé naraguna kang kapratelan, saya manèh naraguna kang mobah sithik banget, yaiku nganti dina iki mung ana {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} naraguna kapratelan. Kamangka yèn dideleng saka cacahé penutur, basa Jawa iki penutur ibuné ana kurang luwih 60 yuta jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.htm|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|website=www.bps.go.id|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> == Cara nulis == Pasang aksara utawa pangéjaan kang dinggo ing Wikipédia basa Jawa iku dhedhasar ''Ejaan resmi basa Jawa'' miturut ''Pusat Basa'' ing [[Yogyakarta|Ngayogyakarta]] weton taun [[1991]]. Nanging ana prabédan utama dienggo ing sawatara kalawarti basa Jawa. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa, minangka sawijining bauwarna, pasang aksara kang dienggo iku mèmper pasang aksara kang dienggo nulis ing [[bausastra]]. Dadi antara 'e' pepet lan 'é' (utawa 'è') taling dibédakaké. Dadi séjé karo kalawarti ing ngendi pepet lan taling ditulis padha waé minangka 'e' nglegena. == Tuwuhing artikel == {{Tuwuhing-artikel}} == Proyèk liya == Saliyané Wikipédia, ana rong proyèk Wikimédia édhisi basa Jawa liyané, yaiku Wikisastra (Wiktionary) lan Wikisumber (Wikisource). Sapréné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wiktionary.org Wikisastra Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wiktionary}}|-3}}}} èntri, wondéné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wikisource.org Wikisumber Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wikisource}}|-2}}}} layang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wiktionary.org|publisher=Wiktionary basa Jawa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikisource.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wikisource.org|publisher=Wikisource basa Jawa}}</ref> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2007–2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 10 Juni 2007|website=Internet Archive|date=2007-06-10|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2007-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610134658/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="jvwiki-2012">{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 29 Oktober 2012|website=Internet Archive|date=2012-10-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2012-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029160452/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2012–2020.<ref name="jvwiki-2012" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|title=Arsip Wikipédia bahasa Jawa tanggal 29 Mèi 2020|website=Internet Archive|date=2020-05-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529053022/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Kaca Utama Wikipedia Jawa 24-2-2008.jpg|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 24 Fèbruari 2008. Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2020-05-29.png|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 29 Mèi 2020. </gallery> == Deleng uga == * [[Wikipédia:Wara-wara]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/jv.wikipedia.org Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa] * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa 2004–2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324164403/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm |date=2023-03-24 }} [[Kategori:Wikipedia]] kxf66jsgsgiat4qrgujm0grl0af41c4 1751048 1751047 2026-07-01T21:10:23Z Ardianto22 66871 /* */ 1751048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Wikipédia basa Jawa|ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ}} {{Infobox Website | name = ꧋ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮ | logo = [[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv-java.svg]]<br>[[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.svg]] | screenshot = [[Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2021-05-01.png|240px]] | caption = ''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 1 Mèi 2021 | url = {{URL|https://jv.wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Ora | type = ꧋ꦧꦲꦸꦮꦂꦤ꧀ꦤ ꦎꦤꦭꦺꦤ꧀ | language = ꧋ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | registration = ꧋ꦩꦤꦰꦸꦏ | owner = ꧋ꦪꦺꦪꦱꦤꦮꦶꦏꦶꦩꦺꦝꦶꦪ | author = | launch date = 8 Maret 2004 ꧘꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧒꧔ | current status = | revenue = }} '''Wikipédia basa Jawa''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ) iku gagrag basa Jawa [[bauwarna]] gumathuk [[Wikipédia]]. Artikel utawa léma kapisané yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], kang tinulis ing tanggal [[8 Maret]] [[2004]]<ref> * Artikel paling pertama yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], dening Meursault2004, tanggal 8 Maret. * Nanging kuwi besutan ka-8. Wonten 7 besutan sakderenge Artikel paling pertama: * Nomer 7: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=7 besutan Meursault ing Kaca Utama] - 8 Maret * Nomer 4792: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&diff=prev&oldid=4742 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 22 Februari * Nomer 5: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=5 besutan anonim sing nerjemahne Kaca Utama] 15 Februari * Nomer 4: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&oldid=4 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 29 Januari 2004 * besutan paling pertama sing kecatet yaiku tanggal 23 Januari 2003 [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&oldid=1] dening [[Naraguna:Patrick]] ([[Mirunggan:Pasumbanging_naraguna/Patrick|1 pasumbangan]])</ref>. Tekan saiki ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}), wis ana {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} artikel ing Wikipédia basa Jawa. Wikipédia basa Jawa lumrahé mèlu paugeran-paugeran Wikipédia basa Inggris lan Wikipédia basa Indonésia. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa kabèh artikel uga kudu ditulis mawa [[Wikipédia:Cara ndeleng nétral]] utawa ing basa Inggris diarani ''Neutral Point of View''. Mirunggan Wikipédia basa Jawa yaiku akèh ngamot artikel-artikel bab prakara Kajawèn, mligi bab basa, sastra lan budaya Jawa. == Naraguna aktif == Naraguna mobah Wikipédia Jawa wiwité mligi pancèn saka [[Tanah Jawa]], nanging lumrahé manggon lan ngaksès Wikipédia saka [[Jakarta]]. Yèn dibandhingaké karo Wikipédia basa Indonésia, Wikipédia basa Jawa cacahé naraguna kang kapratelan, saya manèh naraguna kang mobah sithik banget, yaiku nganti dina iki mung ana {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} naraguna kapratelan. Kamangka yèn dideleng saka cacahé penutur, basa Jawa iki penutur ibuné ana kurang luwih 60 yuta jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.htm|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|website=www.bps.go.id|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> == Cara nulis == Pasang aksara utawa pangéjaan kang dinggo ing Wikipédia basa Jawa iku dhedhasar ''Ejaan resmi basa Jawa'' miturut ''Pusat Basa'' ing [[Yogyakarta|Ngayogyakarta]] weton taun [[1991]]. Nanging ana prabédan utama dienggo ing sawatara kalawarti basa Jawa. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa, minangka sawijining bauwarna, pasang aksara kang dienggo iku mèmper pasang aksara kang dienggo nulis ing [[bausastra]]. Dadi antara 'e' pepet lan 'é' (utawa 'è') taling dibédakaké. Dadi séjé karo kalawarti ing ngendi pepet lan taling ditulis padha waé minangka 'e' nglegena. == Tuwuhing artikel == {{Tuwuhing-artikel}} == Proyèk liya == Saliyané Wikipédia, ana rong proyèk Wikimédia édhisi basa Jawa liyané, yaiku Wikisastra (Wiktionary) lan Wikisumber (Wikisource). Sapréné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wiktionary.org Wikisastra Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wiktionary}}|-3}}}} èntri, wondéné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wikisource.org Wikisumber Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wikisource}}|-2}}}} layang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wiktionary.org|publisher=Wiktionary basa Jawa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikisource.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wikisource.org|publisher=Wikisource basa Jawa}}</ref> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2007–2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 10 Juni 2007|website=Internet Archive|date=2007-06-10|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2007-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610134658/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="jvwiki-2012">{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 29 Oktober 2012|website=Internet Archive|date=2012-10-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2012-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029160452/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2012–2020.<ref name="jvwiki-2012" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|title=Arsip Wikipédia bahasa Jawa tanggal 29 Mèi 2020|website=Internet Archive|date=2020-05-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529053022/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Kaca Utama Wikipedia Jawa 24-2-2008.jpg|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 24 Fèbruari 2008. Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2020-05-29.png|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 29 Mèi 2020. </gallery> == Deleng uga == * [[Wikipédia:Wara-wara]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/jv.wikipedia.org Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa] * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa 2004–2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324164403/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm |date=2023-03-24 }} [[Kategori:Wikipedia]] g5u6qpkhes5qtzkncr57k95odfc97bq 1751049 1751048 2026-07-01T21:12:26Z Ardianto22 66871 /* */ 1751049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Wikipédia basa Jawa|ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ}} {{Infobox Website | name = ꧋ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮ | logo = [[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv-java.svg]]<br>[[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.svg]] | screenshot = [[Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2021-05-01.png|240px]] | caption = ''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 1 Mèi 2021 | url = {{URL|https://jv.wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Ora | type = ꧋ꦧꦲꦸꦮꦂꦤ꧀ꦤ ꦎꦤꦭꦺꦤ꧀ | language = ꧋ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | registration = ꧋ꦩꦤꦰꦸꦏ | owner = ꧋ꦪꦺꦪꦱꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦩꦺꦝꦶꦪ | author = | launch date = 8 Maret 2004 ꧘꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧒꧔ | current status = | revenue = }} '''Wikipédia basa Jawa''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ) iku gagrag basa Jawa [[bauwarna]] gumathuk [[Wikipédia]]. Artikel utawa léma kapisané yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], kang tinulis ing tanggal [[8 Maret]] [[2004]]<ref> * Artikel paling pertama yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], dening Meursault2004, tanggal 8 Maret. * Nanging kuwi besutan ka-8. Wonten 7 besutan sakderenge Artikel paling pertama: * Nomer 7: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=7 besutan Meursault ing Kaca Utama] - 8 Maret * Nomer 4792: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&diff=prev&oldid=4742 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 22 Februari * Nomer 5: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=5 besutan anonim sing nerjemahne Kaca Utama] 15 Februari * Nomer 4: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&oldid=4 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 29 Januari 2004 * besutan paling pertama sing kecatet yaiku tanggal 23 Januari 2003 [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&oldid=1] dening [[Naraguna:Patrick]] ([[Mirunggan:Pasumbanging_naraguna/Patrick|1 pasumbangan]])</ref>. Tekan saiki ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}), wis ana {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} artikel ing Wikipédia basa Jawa. Wikipédia basa Jawa lumrahé mèlu paugeran-paugeran Wikipédia basa Inggris lan Wikipédia basa Indonésia. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa kabèh artikel uga kudu ditulis mawa [[Wikipédia:Cara ndeleng nétral]] utawa ing basa Inggris diarani ''Neutral Point of View''. Mirunggan Wikipédia basa Jawa yaiku akèh ngamot artikel-artikel bab prakara Kajawèn, mligi bab basa, sastra lan budaya Jawa. == Naraguna aktif == Naraguna mobah Wikipédia Jawa wiwité mligi pancèn saka [[Tanah Jawa]], nanging lumrahé manggon lan ngaksès Wikipédia saka [[Jakarta]]. Yèn dibandhingaké karo Wikipédia basa Indonésia, Wikipédia basa Jawa cacahé naraguna kang kapratelan, saya manèh naraguna kang mobah sithik banget, yaiku nganti dina iki mung ana {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} naraguna kapratelan. Kamangka yèn dideleng saka cacahé penutur, basa Jawa iki penutur ibuné ana kurang luwih 60 yuta jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.htm|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|website=www.bps.go.id|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> == Cara nulis == Pasang aksara utawa pangéjaan kang dinggo ing Wikipédia basa Jawa iku dhedhasar ''Ejaan resmi basa Jawa'' miturut ''Pusat Basa'' ing [[Yogyakarta|Ngayogyakarta]] weton taun [[1991]]. Nanging ana prabédan utama dienggo ing sawatara kalawarti basa Jawa. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa, minangka sawijining bauwarna, pasang aksara kang dienggo iku mèmper pasang aksara kang dienggo nulis ing [[bausastra]]. Dadi antara 'e' pepet lan 'é' (utawa 'è') taling dibédakaké. Dadi séjé karo kalawarti ing ngendi pepet lan taling ditulis padha waé minangka 'e' nglegena. == Tuwuhing artikel == {{Tuwuhing-artikel}} == Proyèk liya == Saliyané Wikipédia, ana rong proyèk Wikimédia édhisi basa Jawa liyané, yaiku Wikisastra (Wiktionary) lan Wikisumber (Wikisource). Sapréné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wiktionary.org Wikisastra Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wiktionary}}|-3}}}} èntri, wondéné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wikisource.org Wikisumber Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wikisource}}|-2}}}} layang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wiktionary.org|publisher=Wiktionary basa Jawa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikisource.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wikisource.org|publisher=Wikisource basa Jawa}}</ref> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2007–2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 10 Juni 2007|website=Internet Archive|date=2007-06-10|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2007-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610134658/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="jvwiki-2012">{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 29 Oktober 2012|website=Internet Archive|date=2012-10-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2012-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029160452/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2012–2020.<ref name="jvwiki-2012" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|title=Arsip Wikipédia bahasa Jawa tanggal 29 Mèi 2020|website=Internet Archive|date=2020-05-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529053022/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Kaca Utama Wikipedia Jawa 24-2-2008.jpg|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 24 Fèbruari 2008. Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2020-05-29.png|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 29 Mèi 2020. </gallery> == Deleng uga == * [[Wikipédia:Wara-wara]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/jv.wikipedia.org Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa] * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa 2004–2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324164403/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm |date=2023-03-24 }} [[Kategori:Wikipedia]] s3x34gsapq9tkttqs70to3pxqxmvykx 1751050 1751049 2026-07-01T21:15:38Z Ardianto22 66871 /* */ 1751050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Wikipédia basa Jawa|ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ}} {{Infobox Website | name = ꧋ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮ | logo = [[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv-java.svg]]<br>[[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.svg]] | screenshot = [[Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2021-05-01.png|240px]] | caption = ''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 1 Mèi 2021 | url = {{URL|https://jv.wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Ora | type = ꧋ꦧꦲꦸꦮꦂꦤ꧀ꦤ ꦎꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ | language = ꧋ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | registration = ꧋ꦩꦤꦰꦸꦏ | owner = ꧋ꦪꦺꦪꦱꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦩꦺꦝꦶꦪ | author = | launch date = 8 Maret 2004 ꧘꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧒꧔ | current status = | revenue = }} '''Wikipédia basa Jawa''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ) iku gagrag basa Jawa [[bauwarna]] gumathuk [[Wikipédia]]. Artikel utawa léma kapisané yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], kang tinulis ing tanggal [[8 Maret]] [[2004]]<ref> * Artikel paling pertama yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], dening Meursault2004, tanggal 8 Maret. * Nanging kuwi besutan ka-8. Wonten 7 besutan sakderenge Artikel paling pertama: * Nomer 7: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=7 besutan Meursault ing Kaca Utama] - 8 Maret * Nomer 4792: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&diff=prev&oldid=4742 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 22 Februari * Nomer 5: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=5 besutan anonim sing nerjemahne Kaca Utama] 15 Februari * Nomer 4: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&oldid=4 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 29 Januari 2004 * besutan paling pertama sing kecatet yaiku tanggal 23 Januari 2003 [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&oldid=1] dening [[Naraguna:Patrick]] ([[Mirunggan:Pasumbanging_naraguna/Patrick|1 pasumbangan]])</ref>. Tekan saiki ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}), wis ana {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} artikel ing Wikipédia basa Jawa. Wikipédia basa Jawa lumrahé mèlu paugeran-paugeran Wikipédia basa Inggris lan Wikipédia basa Indonésia. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa kabèh artikel uga kudu ditulis mawa [[Wikipédia:Cara ndeleng nétral]] utawa ing basa Inggris diarani ''Neutral Point of View''. Mirunggan Wikipédia basa Jawa yaiku akèh ngamot artikel-artikel bab prakara Kajawèn, mligi bab basa, sastra lan budaya Jawa. == Naraguna aktif == Naraguna mobah Wikipédia Jawa wiwité mligi pancèn saka [[Tanah Jawa]], nanging lumrahé manggon lan ngaksès Wikipédia saka [[Jakarta]]. Yèn dibandhingaké karo Wikipédia basa Indonésia, Wikipédia basa Jawa cacahé naraguna kang kapratelan, saya manèh naraguna kang mobah sithik banget, yaiku nganti dina iki mung ana {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} naraguna kapratelan. Kamangka yèn dideleng saka cacahé penutur, basa Jawa iki penutur ibuné ana kurang luwih 60 yuta jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.htm|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|website=www.bps.go.id|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> == Cara nulis == Pasang aksara utawa pangéjaan kang dinggo ing Wikipédia basa Jawa iku dhedhasar ''Ejaan resmi basa Jawa'' miturut ''Pusat Basa'' ing [[Yogyakarta|Ngayogyakarta]] weton taun [[1991]]. Nanging ana prabédan utama dienggo ing sawatara kalawarti basa Jawa. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa, minangka sawijining bauwarna, pasang aksara kang dienggo iku mèmper pasang aksara kang dienggo nulis ing [[bausastra]]. Dadi antara 'e' pepet lan 'é' (utawa 'è') taling dibédakaké. Dadi séjé karo kalawarti ing ngendi pepet lan taling ditulis padha waé minangka 'e' nglegena. == Tuwuhing artikel == {{Tuwuhing-artikel}} == Proyèk liya == Saliyané Wikipédia, ana rong proyèk Wikimédia édhisi basa Jawa liyané, yaiku Wikisastra (Wiktionary) lan Wikisumber (Wikisource). Sapréné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wiktionary.org Wikisastra Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wiktionary}}|-3}}}} èntri, wondéné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wikisource.org Wikisumber Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wikisource}}|-2}}}} layang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wiktionary.org|publisher=Wiktionary basa Jawa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikisource.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wikisource.org|publisher=Wikisource basa Jawa}}</ref> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2007–2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 10 Juni 2007|website=Internet Archive|date=2007-06-10|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2007-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610134658/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="jvwiki-2012">{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 29 Oktober 2012|website=Internet Archive|date=2012-10-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2012-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029160452/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2012–2020.<ref name="jvwiki-2012" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|title=Arsip Wikipédia bahasa Jawa tanggal 29 Mèi 2020|website=Internet Archive|date=2020-05-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529053022/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Kaca Utama Wikipedia Jawa 24-2-2008.jpg|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 24 Fèbruari 2008. Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2020-05-29.png|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 29 Mèi 2020. </gallery> == Deleng uga == * [[Wikipédia:Wara-wara]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/jv.wikipedia.org Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa] * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa 2004–2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324164403/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm |date=2023-03-24 }} [[Kategori:Wikipedia]] ozjcj3m5a48mcg34vav8o8kkxekulxo 1751051 1751050 2026-07-01T21:16:45Z Divinations 64856 Besutané [[Special:Contributions/Ardianto22|Ardianto22]] ([[User talk:Ardianto22|rembugan]]) dipulihaké ing révisi pungkasan garapané [[User:Titah Sawantah|Titah Sawantah]] 1745539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Wikipédia basa Jawa|ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ}} {{Infobox Website | name = Wikipédia basa Jawa | logo = [[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv-java.svg]]<br>[[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.svg]] | screenshot = [[Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2021-05-01.png|240px]] | caption = ''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 1 Mèi 2021 | url = {{URL|https://jv.wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Ora | type = Bauwarna ''online'' | language = Basa Jawa | registration = Manasuka | owner = Yeyasan Wikimedia | author = | launch date = 8 Maret 2004 | current status = | revenue = }} '''Wikipédia basa Jawa''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ) iku gagrag basa Jawa [[bauwarna]] gumathuk [[Wikipédia]]. Artikel utawa léma kapisané yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], kang tinulis ing tanggal [[8 Maret]] [[2004]]<ref> * Artikel paling pertama yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], dening Meursault2004, tanggal 8 Maret. * Nanging kuwi besutan ka-8. Wonten 7 besutan sakderenge Artikel paling pertama: * Nomer 7: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=7 besutan Meursault ing Kaca Utama] - 8 Maret * Nomer 4792: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&diff=prev&oldid=4742 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 22 Februari * Nomer 5: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=5 besutan anonim sing nerjemahne Kaca Utama] 15 Februari * Nomer 4: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&oldid=4 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 29 Januari 2004 * besutan paling pertama sing kecatet yaiku tanggal 23 Januari 2003 [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&oldid=1] dening [[Naraguna:Patrick]] ([[Mirunggan:Pasumbanging_naraguna/Patrick|1 pasumbangan]])</ref>. Tekan saiki ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}), wis ana {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} artikel ing Wikipédia basa Jawa. Wikipédia basa Jawa lumrahé mèlu paugeran-paugeran Wikipédia basa Inggris lan Wikipédia basa Indonésia. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa kabèh artikel uga kudu ditulis mawa [[Wikipédia:Cara ndeleng nétral]] utawa ing basa Inggris diarani ''Neutral Point of View''. Mirunggan Wikipédia basa Jawa yaiku akèh ngamot artikel-artikel bab prakara Kajawèn, mligi bab basa, sastra lan budaya Jawa. == Naraguna aktif == Naraguna mobah Wikipédia Jawa wiwité mligi pancèn saka [[Tanah Jawa]], nanging lumrahé manggon lan ngaksès Wikipédia saka [[Jakarta]]. Yèn dibandhingaké karo Wikipédia basa Indonésia, Wikipédia basa Jawa cacahé naraguna kang kapratelan, saya manèh naraguna kang mobah sithik banget, yaiku nganti dina iki mung ana {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} naraguna kapratelan. Kamangka yèn dideleng saka cacahé penutur, basa Jawa iki penutur ibuné ana kurang luwih 60 yuta jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.htm|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|website=www.bps.go.id|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> == Cara nulis == Pasang aksara utawa pangéjaan kang dinggo ing Wikipédia basa Jawa iku dhedhasar ''Ejaan resmi basa Jawa'' miturut ''Pusat Basa'' ing [[Yogyakarta|Ngayogyakarta]] weton taun [[1991]]. Nanging ana prabédan utama dienggo ing sawatara kalawarti basa Jawa. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa, minangka sawijining bauwarna, pasang aksara kang dienggo iku mèmper pasang aksara kang dienggo nulis ing [[bausastra]]. Dadi antara 'e' pepet lan 'é' (utawa 'è') taling dibédakaké. Dadi séjé karo kalawarti ing ngendi pepet lan taling ditulis padha waé minangka 'e' nglegena. == Tuwuhing artikel == {{Tuwuhing-artikel}} == Proyèk liya == Saliyané Wikipédia, ana rong proyèk Wikimédia édhisi basa Jawa liyané, yaiku Wikisastra (Wiktionary) lan Wikisumber (Wikisource). Sapréné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wiktionary.org Wikisastra Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wiktionary}}|-3}}}} èntri, wondéné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wikisource.org Wikisumber Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wikisource}}|-2}}}} layang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wiktionary.org|publisher=Wiktionary basa Jawa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikisource.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wikisource.org|publisher=Wikisource basa Jawa}}</ref> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2007–2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 10 Juni 2007|website=Internet Archive|date=2007-06-10|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2007-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610134658/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="jvwiki-2012">{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 29 Oktober 2012|website=Internet Archive|date=2012-10-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2012-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029160452/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2012–2020.<ref name="jvwiki-2012" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|title=Arsip Wikipédia bahasa Jawa tanggal 29 Mèi 2020|website=Internet Archive|date=2020-05-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529053022/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Kaca Utama Wikipedia Jawa 24-2-2008.jpg|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 24 Fèbruari 2008. Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2020-05-29.png|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 29 Mèi 2020. </gallery> == Deleng uga == * [[Wikipédia:Wara-wara]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/jv.wikipedia.org Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa] * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa 2004–2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324164403/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm |date=2023-03-24 }} [[Kategori:Wikipedia]] mz0fy966hy41jou6l3jp3llsyki5srr 1751052 1751051 2026-07-01T21:19:18Z Divinations 64856 Besutané [[Special:Contributions/Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations|rembugan]]) dipulihaké ing révisi pungkasan garapané [[User:Ardianto22|Ardianto22]] 1751050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Wikipédia basa Jawa|ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ}} {{Infobox Website | name = ꧋ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮ | logo = [[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv-java.svg]]<br>[[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.svg]] | screenshot = [[Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2021-05-01.png|240px]] | caption = ''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 1 Mèi 2021 | url = {{URL|https://jv.wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Ora | type = ꧋ꦧꦲꦸꦮꦂꦤ꧀ꦤ ꦎꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ | language = ꧋ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | registration = ꧋ꦩꦤꦰꦸꦏ | owner = ꧋ꦪꦺꦪꦱꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦩꦺꦝꦶꦪ | author = | launch date = 8 Maret 2004 ꧘꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧒꧔ | current status = | revenue = }} '''Wikipédia basa Jawa''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ) iku gagrag basa Jawa [[bauwarna]] gumathuk [[Wikipédia]]. Artikel utawa léma kapisané yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], kang tinulis ing tanggal [[8 Maret]] [[2004]]<ref> * Artikel paling pertama yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], dening Meursault2004, tanggal 8 Maret. * Nanging kuwi besutan ka-8. Wonten 7 besutan sakderenge Artikel paling pertama: * Nomer 7: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=7 besutan Meursault ing Kaca Utama] - 8 Maret * Nomer 4792: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&diff=prev&oldid=4742 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 22 Februari * Nomer 5: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=5 besutan anonim sing nerjemahne Kaca Utama] 15 Februari * Nomer 4: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&oldid=4 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 29 Januari 2004 * besutan paling pertama sing kecatet yaiku tanggal 23 Januari 2003 [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&oldid=1] dening [[Naraguna:Patrick]] ([[Mirunggan:Pasumbanging_naraguna/Patrick|1 pasumbangan]])</ref>. Tekan saiki ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}), wis ana {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} artikel ing Wikipédia basa Jawa. Wikipédia basa Jawa lumrahé mèlu paugeran-paugeran Wikipédia basa Inggris lan Wikipédia basa Indonésia. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa kabèh artikel uga kudu ditulis mawa [[Wikipédia:Cara ndeleng nétral]] utawa ing basa Inggris diarani ''Neutral Point of View''. Mirunggan Wikipédia basa Jawa yaiku akèh ngamot artikel-artikel bab prakara Kajawèn, mligi bab basa, sastra lan budaya Jawa. == Naraguna aktif == Naraguna mobah Wikipédia Jawa wiwité mligi pancèn saka [[Tanah Jawa]], nanging lumrahé manggon lan ngaksès Wikipédia saka [[Jakarta]]. Yèn dibandhingaké karo Wikipédia basa Indonésia, Wikipédia basa Jawa cacahé naraguna kang kapratelan, saya manèh naraguna kang mobah sithik banget, yaiku nganti dina iki mung ana {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} naraguna kapratelan. Kamangka yèn dideleng saka cacahé penutur, basa Jawa iki penutur ibuné ana kurang luwih 60 yuta jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.htm|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|website=www.bps.go.id|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> == Cara nulis == Pasang aksara utawa pangéjaan kang dinggo ing Wikipédia basa Jawa iku dhedhasar ''Ejaan resmi basa Jawa'' miturut ''Pusat Basa'' ing [[Yogyakarta|Ngayogyakarta]] weton taun [[1991]]. Nanging ana prabédan utama dienggo ing sawatara kalawarti basa Jawa. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa, minangka sawijining bauwarna, pasang aksara kang dienggo iku mèmper pasang aksara kang dienggo nulis ing [[bausastra]]. Dadi antara 'e' pepet lan 'é' (utawa 'è') taling dibédakaké. Dadi séjé karo kalawarti ing ngendi pepet lan taling ditulis padha waé minangka 'e' nglegena. == Tuwuhing artikel == {{Tuwuhing-artikel}} == Proyèk liya == Saliyané Wikipédia, ana rong proyèk Wikimédia édhisi basa Jawa liyané, yaiku Wikisastra (Wiktionary) lan Wikisumber (Wikisource). Sapréné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wiktionary.org Wikisastra Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wiktionary}}|-3}}}} èntri, wondéné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wikisource.org Wikisumber Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wikisource}}|-2}}}} layang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wiktionary.org|publisher=Wiktionary basa Jawa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikisource.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wikisource.org|publisher=Wikisource basa Jawa}}</ref> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2007–2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 10 Juni 2007|website=Internet Archive|date=2007-06-10|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2007-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610134658/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="jvwiki-2012">{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 29 Oktober 2012|website=Internet Archive|date=2012-10-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2012-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029160452/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2012–2020.<ref name="jvwiki-2012" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|title=Arsip Wikipédia bahasa Jawa tanggal 29 Mèi 2020|website=Internet Archive|date=2020-05-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529053022/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Kaca Utama Wikipedia Jawa 24-2-2008.jpg|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 24 Fèbruari 2008. Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2020-05-29.png|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 29 Mèi 2020. </gallery> == Deleng uga == * [[Wikipédia:Wara-wara]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/jv.wikipedia.org Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa] * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa 2004–2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324164403/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm |date=2023-03-24 }} [[Kategori:Wikipedia]] ozjcj3m5a48mcg34vav8o8kkxekulxo 0 72687 1751054 1657144 2026-07-02T00:03:41Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751054 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kim Nam Gil''' ya iku artis lan aktor saka [[Koréa Kidul]] kang lair ing tanggal [[13 Maret]] [[1981]].<ref name="Inter1">[http://www.koreanmovie.com/Kim_Nam_Gil_ka3087/ koreanmovie.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212201428/http://www.koreanmovie.com/Kim_Nam_Gil_ka3087/ |date=2008-12-12 }} diundhuh tanggal 28 April 2011</ref><ref name="Inter2">[http://www.lintasberita.com/Entertainment/Selebriti/kim-nam-gil-foto-profil-kim-nam-gil-aktor-korea lintasberita.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827115513/http://www.lintasberita.com/Entertainment/Selebriti/kim-nam-gil-foto-profil-kim-nam-gil-aktor-korea |date=2011-08-27 }} diundhuh tanggal 28 April 2011</ref> Dhuwure Kim Nam Gil ya iku 184&nbsp;cm.<ref name="Inter2"/> Kim Nam Gil tau sinau ing Universitas Myeong Ji Cheon.<ref name="Inter1"/> == Sinetron == * Bad Guy (SBS, [[2010]]) * Personal Preference (MBC, 2010) cameo * Queen Seon Duk (MBC, [[2009]]) * Terroir (SBS, [[2008]]) * Several Questions That Make Us Happy (KBS2, [[2007]]) * When Spring Comes (KBS2, 2007) * Lovers (SBS, [[2006]]) * Goodbye Sala (KBS2, 2006) * Be Strong Geum Soon (MBC, [[2005]]) == Filmografi == * Lovers Vanished (2010) * Hand Phone (2009, cameo) * Portrait of a Beauty (2008) * Modern Boy (2008) * Kang Chul Jung: Public Enemy 1-1 (2008) * No Regrets (2006) * Don't Look Back (2006) * Low Life ([[2004]]) == Prestasi == * 2010 46th Baeksang Arts Awards: Best New Actor Award (Queen Seon Duk) * 2009 MBC Drama Awards: Best Couple Award with Lee Yo Won (Queen Seon Duk) * 2009 MBC Drama Awards: Excellence Award-Actor (Queen Seon Duk) == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Artis]] [[Kategori:Koréa]] {{stub}} bp9qxsoz7rkixdaa6n5p5yrai140nhn 0 80952 1751071 1659490 2026-07-02T07:48:49Z 93neomiwon 73444 1751071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | Name = Ratna Listy | Img = Ratna listy 101.jpg | Img_capt = | Background = solo_singer | Born = {{birth date and age|1973|8|2}} | Origin ={{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Madiun]], [[Jawa Timur]], [[Indonésia]] | Genre = | Occupation = [[Penyanyi]], [[Aktris]], [[Presenter]] | Years_active = | URL = }} {{Delete}} '''Ratna Listy''' punika gadhah asma jangkep '''Ratna Sulistyaningsih''' (lair ing [[Madiun]], [[Jawa Timur]], [[2 Agustus]] [[1973]]).<ref name="internet1"/> Ratna Listy punika salah setunggaling [[penyanyi]], juru main [[sinétron]], saha [[presenter]] [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet1"/> Ratna Listy miwiti karir nalika menang lomba Bintang Radio saha TV se-Jawa Timur nalika taun [[1989]]. Sasampunipun punika Ratna Listy lajeng dados penyanyi profésional.<ref name="internet1"/> Album ingkang naté dipundamel kados ta Obsessy (1998), Adzan (2002), Hitam Putih (2006) dhuet kaliyan [[Agus Dhukun]], saha album tradhisional ingkang dipundamel kaliyan [[Doel Sumbang]] saha [[Nini Carlina]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kajawi dados penyanyi, Ratna Listy ugi dados juru main sinétron.<ref name="internet1"/> Sinetron ingkang naté dipunbintangi Ratna Listy inggih punika sinétron kanthi irah-irahan ''Tanda Akhir Zaman'', ''Menjemput Impian'', saha serial misteri ''Pengantin Iblis'' ingkang dipunsiyaraken wonten ing [[TPI]], saha sinétron ''Shakila'', ''Perkawinan''.<ref name="internet1"/> Ratna ugi naté dados presenter acara ''Panorama'' ing [[antv|ANTV]] saha ''Bedah Rumah''ing [[RCTI]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kajawi gadhah karir ing donyaning hiburan, Ratna Listy ugi gadhah bisnis.<ref name="internet1"/> Ratna punika alumni saking Fakultas Ékonomi [[Universitas Brawijaya]], Malang.<ref name="internet1"/> Ratna kaliyan garwanipun ndamel PT Cendrawasih Budi Mulia ingkang gadhah usaha wonten ing babagan distributor bahan bakar mirunggan, Pertamax.<ref name="internet1"/> Amargi operasional perusahaan sadinten-dintenipun dipuncepeng garwanipum, Ratna banjur ndamel sub departemen kanthi babagan usaha ''event organizer'' (EO) kanthi nama Ratna Listy Production.<ref name="internet1"/> Kados EO limrahipun usaha ingkang dipunlampahi punika kados ta ''wedding organizer'', ''launching product'', ''gathering'', ngantos pagelaran.<ref name="internet1"/> Ratna Listy ugi naté dados dhalah wonten ing [[teater]] ing [[Taman Ismail Marzuki]], [[Jakarta]].<ref name="internet2">[http://www.tabloidnova.com/Nova/Tips/Ratna-Listy-Ketagihan tabloidnova.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 21 September 2011)</ref> Ratna nikah kaliyan pengusaha ingkang namanipun [[Swastiarso Herry Putranto]] nalika tanggal [[7]] [[Juli]] [[2002]].<ref name="internet1"/> Saking pernikahan punika Ratna patutan ingkang cacahipun kalih inggih punika [[Swara Reiki January]] saha [[Swara Keisyah Alma Nova]].<ref name="internet1">[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/r/ratna_listy/ selebriti.kapanlagi.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 21 September 2011)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]] {{stub}} df2vttlwpak7xabi57evjqu6urdz3qo 0 95052 1751081 1673171 2026-07-02T11:51:00Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} {{Infobox OS | name = Mandriva Linux | logo = [[Gambar:Linux mandriva1.png|200px|jmpl|Logo Mandriva]] | caption = Mandriva Linux 2010.1 | developer = [[Mandriva]] | family = [[Unix-like]] | source_model = [[Free and open source software]] (with exceptions)<ref name="kernelblobs">{{cite web |url= http://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html#Mandriva |title= Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems |publisher= the [[Free Software Foundation]] |accessdate= March 13, 2011 |archive-date= April 25, 2026 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20260425045139/http://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html#Mandriva |url-status= dead }}</ref> | package_manager = [[RPM Package Manager|RPM]] | updatemodel = [[urpmi]] ([[rpmdrake]]) | working_state = Current | released = {{Start date|df=yes|1998|7|23}} | latest_release_version = 2011 | latest_release_date = {{Release date|df=yes|2011|08|28}} | language = Multilingual | kernel_type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel|Linux]]) | userland = [[GNU Core Utilities|GNU]] | ui = [[KDE Plasma Desktop]] (official)<ref name="2011.0_Notes_KDE">{{cite web |url= http://wiki.mandriva.com/en/2011.0_Notes#Deprecation |title= Starting from Mandriva Desktop 2011 only KDE Plasma Desktop is officially supported |accessdate= September 29, 2011 |archive-date= May 18, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120518054312/http://wiki.mandriva.com/en/2011.0_Notes#Deprecation |url-status= dead }}</ref> | supported_platforms = Current: [[x86]] ([[Intel 80386|i386]], [[Intel 80486|i486]], [[P5 (microarchitecture)|i586]], [[P6 (microarchitecture)|i686]]), [[x86-64]], [[SPARC V9]], [[SPARC64]]<br /> Historic: [[PowerPC]] (32-/64-bit), [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]], [[ARM architecture|ARM]], [[Xbox]], [[IA-64]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wiki.mandriva.com/en/Mandriva_Linux_Ports |title=Mandriva Linux Ports, Mandriva Community Wiki |access-date=2012-12-04 |archive-date=2009-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105034455/http://wiki.mandriva.com/en/Mandriva_Linux_Ports |url-status=dead }}</ref> | license = Various free software licenses, plus proprietary [[binary blob]]s.<ref name="kernelblobs" /> | website = {{url|http://mandriva.com/}} }} '''Mandriva Linux''' (kondhang jenenge ya iku Mandrakelinux utawa Mandrake Linux) ya iku [[Sistem Operasi]] kang digarap déning Mandriva (racaké diarani Mandrakesoft). Mandriva Linux nganggo [[RPM Package Manager]]. ==Sajarah== Kapisan dirilis berbasis Redhat Linux (versi 5.1) lan KDE (versi 1.0) ing tanggal 23 Juli 1998. === Panggubahan Jeneng Mandriva === Saka awal nganti versi 8.0, Mandrake njenengi produk mligi ya iku ''Linux Mandrake''. nalika wis versi 8.1 nganti 9.2 genti jeneng dadi ''Mandrake Linux''. Ing februari 2004, Mandrakesoft kalah ning pengadilan mawa perusahaan Hearst Corporation, kang duwé King Features Syndicate. === Tabel versi === {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" ! style="background:#efefef;" | Tahun ! style="background:#efefef;" | Nomor ! style="background:#efefef;" | Nama |- |1998 |5.1 |Venice |- |1998 |5.2 |Leeloo |- |1999 |5.3 |Festen |- |1999 |6.0 |Venus |- |1999 |6.1 |Helios |- |2000 |7.0 |Air |- |2000 |7.1 |Helium |- |2000 |7.2 |Odyssey (karan Ulysses saat beta) |- |2001 |8.0 |Traktopel |- |2001 |8.1 |Vitamin |- |2002 |8.2 |Bluebird |- |2002 |9.0 |Dolphin |- |2003 |9.1 |Bamboo |- |2003 |9.2 |FiveStar |- |2004 |10.0 |Community and Official |- |2004 |10.1 |Community |- |2004 |10.1 |Official |- |2005 |10.2 |Limited Edition 2005 |- |2005 |2006.0 |Mandriva Linux 2006 |- |2006 |2007 |Mandriva Linux 2007 |- |2007 |2007.1 |Mandriva Linux 2007 Spring |- |2007 |2008.0 |Mandriva Linux 2008 |- |2008 |2008.1 |Mandriva Linux 2008 Spring |- |2008 |2009.0 |Mandriva Linux 2009 |- |2009 |2009.1 |Mandriva Linux 2009 Spring |- |2009 |2010.0 |Mandriva Linux 2010 |- |2010 |2010.1 |Mandriva Linux 2010 Spring |} == Fitur == * '''Mandriva Control Center''' kang gampangake konfigurasi saka punjul siji pengaturan. * Desktop nganggo KDE utawa GNOME kanggo desktop standar panggunane, nanging uga nyebrakake fitur liyané kaya ta Xfce lan twm. * Konsistensi saka tema antar aplikasi bisa jajaren lan ing lingkungan desktop. * Nganggo paket manajer kang diarani '''urpmi''' * [[Live USB]] saka Mandriva Linux bisa digawé adicara manual ya iku nganggo UNetbootin.<ref>{{citeweb|title=UNetbootin-Universal Netboot In|url=http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/|publisher=[[SourceForge.net]]|accessdate=2008-09-01}}</ref> * Mandriva nyedikake punjul siji edisi Linux. ana kang ora tuku (oper source), lan ana kang didol nganggo sistem on-line utawa metu jaringan penjual resmi. Mandriva uga nyediakake '''Mandriva Club''', kang ngati 4 Juni 2008 iku gratis amarga ''layanan pengunduhan'' digarap kapisah saka produk kang mbayar. == Anakan == * [[PCLinuxOS]] * [[MCNLive]] * [[Mageia]] == Ndelok Sisan == * [[Distribusi Linux]] * [[Linux]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.mandriva.com Situs web resmi] {{Distribusi Linux}} [[Kategori:Rintisan mawa topik tèknologi]] [[Kategori:Rintisan mawa topik Sistem Operasi]] {{linux-stub}} mrxxwuazscq9s12jfiouthmifq9ty46 0 99639 1751074 1732821 2026-07-02T09:22:17Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | type = Panguasa | name = Ingkang Sinuwun Raja Louis XII | succession = [[Karajan Perancis|Raja Prancis]] | image = Louis-xii-roi-de-france.jpg | caption = | reign = 7 April 1498 – 1 Januari 1515<br />({{age in years and days|1498|4|7|1515|1|1}}) | coronation = 27 Mèi 1498 ([[Katedral Reims|Reims]]) | cor-type = Karajan Perancis | predecessor = [[Charles VIII saking Prancis|ISR Charles VIII]] | successor = [[Francis I saking Prancis|ISR Francis I]] | spouse = [[Joan saking Prancis, Adipati Wanita Berry|Joan saking Prancis]]<br />[[Anne saking Bretagne|Anne, Adipati Wanita Bretagne]]<br />[[Mary Tudor, Ratu Prancis|Mary saking Inggris]] | issue = [[Claude saking Prancis|Claude, Ratu Prancis]]<br />[[Renée saking Prancis|Renée, Adipati Wanita Ferrara]] | issue-link = #Keturunan | issue-pipe = ing antarané liyané... | house = [[Wangsa Valois]] | father = [[Charles, Adipati Orléans]] | mother = [[Marie saking Cleves]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1462|6|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Château de Blois]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1515|1|1|1462|6|27|df=y}} | death_place = Hôtel des Tournelles | burial_date = | burial_place = [[Basilika Santo Denis]] | signature = | religion = [[Katulik Roma]] |}} '''Louis XII''' (27 Juni 1462 – 1 Januari 1515) <ref>http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/louis12.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505112036/http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/louis12.htm |date=2018-05-05 }} (dipununduh 1 April 2013)</ref>, karan "Bapak Rakyat" ({{lang-fr|Le Père du Peuple}}), minangka salah sijining [[Pratélan panguwasa Prancis|Raja]] [[Prancis]] lan panguasa tunggal saka Valois-Orléans cabang Wangsa Valois. Panjenengané maréntah saka [[taun]] 1498 tekan 1515 lan nguyak kebijakan luar nagari kanthi aktif banget <ref>http://www.biography.com/people/louis-xii-9386847 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607083047/http://www.biography.com/people/louis-xii-9386847 |date=2013-06-07 }} (dipununduh 24 April 2013)</ref>. == Wiwitaning Urip == [[Gambar:Louis XII 1514.jpg|thumb|left|Patung Louis XII ing duit logam taun 1514]] Louis dilairaké ing tanggal 27 [[Juni]] 1462 <ref>http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/L12.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402201332/http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/L12.htm |date=2013-04-02 }} (dipununduh 1 April 2013)</ref>, ing Château de Blois, Blois, Touraine (ing njero kontemporer [[Pratélan departemen ing Perancis|''Départemen'']] Loir-et-Cher). Putra Charles, duc d'Orléans lan Marie saka Cleves, panjenengané nggantèkaké bapaké minangka Adipati Orléans ing [[taun]] 1465 <ref>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/348919/Louis-XII (dipununduh 24 April 2013)</ref>. Ing [[taun]] 1480 Louis anggoné mèlu ing Perang Edan nglawan otoritas kraton. Gabung karo sekuthu Francis II, panjenengané ngadepi wadyabala kraton ing medan Perang Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier (1488), nanging panjenengané dikalahaké lan ditangkep. Diwènèhi pangapura telung [[taun]] salanjuté, Louis gabung karo seduluré Raja Charles VIII ing pirang-pirang kampanye ing [[Italia]] <ref>http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/L12.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402201332/http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/L12.htm |date=2013-04-02 }} (dipununduh 24 April 2013)</ref>. Kabèh anaké Charles VIII, ya iku papat, tilar donya nalika isih enom. Terjemahan [[Prancis]] Hukum Salik ngijinaké manawa warisan tahta [[Prancis]] mung kanggo keturunan lanang para panguasa [[Prancis]]. Babagan iki nggawé Louis, buyut Raja Charles V, pewaris kang paling senior kang dai pewaris Charles VIII. Louis salanjuté éntuk tahta sawisé raja tilar donya. == Kawicaksanan njero kaliyan njaba nagari == [[Gambar:Bronze cannon of Louis XII with emblem 172mm&nbsp;305cm 1870kg Algiers recovered in 1830.jpg|thumb|left|Meriam perunggu Louis XII, kanthi lambang [[landak]]. Kaliber: 172mm, dawa: 305&nbsp;cm, bobot: 1870kg. Ditemokake ing [[Algiers]] nalika [[taun]] 1830. [[Musée de l'Armée]].]] Sanadyan panjenengané teko telat (lan ora dikira-kira) munggah tahta, Louis timindak kanthi semangat, ngreformasi sistem hukum Prancis, ngurangi pajek lan ndandani pamaréntahan, kaya ta kang digagas déning Henry VII ing [[Inggris]]. Panjenengané uga trampil nalika ngatur kebangsawanané, kalebu fraksi Wangsa Bourbon kang nduwé kuasa, kang akèh nyumbang kanggo stabilitas pamaréntahan [[Prancis]]. Ing njero Ordonansi Blois nalika [[taun]] 1499 lan Ordonansi Lyon ing [[taun]] 1510, panjenengané ngembangaké kakuasaan hakim kraton lan nduwé upaya kanggo ngekang korupsi ing njero pranatan hukum. [[Hukum adat]] [[Prancis]] kang komplèks banget kudu disusun lan disahaké déning proklamasi kraton. Ing salah sijining upaya kanggo ngentukaké kendali Wewengkon Adipati Milan, kang warisané panjenegané entukaké kanthi hak saka éyang paternale Valentina Visconti,<ref>Her marriage contract with [[Louis I, Duke of Orléans|Louis, duc d'Orléans]], stipulated that in failure of male heirs, she would inherit the [[House of Visconti|Visconti]] dominions.</ref> Louis mangkat ing Perang-perang Italia. Ing medan [[Perang Italia 1499–1504]], panjenengané wes kasil ngamanake [[Milan]] nalika taun 1499 saka musuhé, Ludovico Sforza, lan wewengkon mau mapan ing njero kakuasaan [[Prancis]] sasuwené 12 taun. Suksesé kang gedhé kethok nalika Perang Liga Cambrai, kanthi kamenangan ing medan Perang Agnadello nalika taun 1509. Kaanan dadi saya abot kanggo panjenengané saka taun 1510 munggah, luwih-luwih sawisé Julius II, paus pejuang kang elok, ngendalekaké [[Vatikan]] lan mbentuk "[[Perang Liga Cambrai#Liga Suci|Liga Suci]]" kanggo nentang ambisi-ambisi [[Prancis]] ing [[Italia]]. [[Prancis]] akhiré diusir saka Milan déning [[Switserlan]] nalika taun 1513. [[Gambar:LoiusXII Genoa.jpg|thumb|right|175px|Louis XII ngleboni [[Genoa]] ing taun 1507. [[Potret Miniatur|Miniatur]] déning [[Jean Bourdichon]]]] Louis uga nguyak warisan kang kapungkur langsung saka Karajan [[Napoli]] karo Ferdinand II, Raja Aragon saking Wangsa Trastámara. Panjenengané loro kabèh setuju kanggo mmbagi kraton Neapolitan ing Perjanjian Granada (1500), nanging akhire congkrah déning kondisi pérangan wilyah mau, lan ing [[taun]] 1504 [[Prancis]] kelangan pérangan Napoli. Louis kabukti dadi salah sijining raja kang populer. Ing pungkasana pamerintahané, defisit makutha ora luwih gedhé saka nalika panjenengané nggantekaké Charles VIII ing taun 1498, sanadyan panjenengané nglakoni sapropirané kampanye larang ing [[Italia]]. Reformasi fiskalé ing [[taun]] 1504 lan 1508 diperketat lan ditingkataké proseduré kanggo mungut pajek. Panjenengané patut éntuk jejuluk ''Bapak Rakyat'' ("''Le Père du Peuple''") kang diwènèhaké kanggo panjenengané nalika [[taun]] 1506. == Kawinan == [[Gambar:Joan of Valois Queen of France.jpg|left|thumb|Ratu Joan saking [[Prancis]].]] [[Gambar:MaryTudorQueenFrance.jpg|thumb|left|Mary nalika periodené kang sedéla minangka Ratu [[Prancis]].]] Ing taun 1476, Louis diwènèhi tanggungan nikah karo Joan saking (1464–1505) kang salah, putri sadulur loro-lorone kabèh, [[Louis XI saking Perancis|Louis XI]], "Raja Laba-laba" Prancis kang umuré setengah tuwa. Joan wés ditahbisaké déning Gréja Katolik. Sawisé para leluhur Louis XII Charles VIII tilar donya tanpa keturunan, kawiné Louis dibatalaké kanthi upaya kanggo ngijinaké nikahi kaliyan janda Charles, mantan Permaisuri, [[Anne saking Bretagne]] (1477–1514), kang putri lan pewaris Francis II saking Bretagne, kanthi maksud strategi kanggo nggabungaké wewengkon adipati [[Bretagne]] ing njero kakuasaan [[Prancis]]. Nanging prastawa batal mau digambaraké minangka "salah sijining tuntutan hukum jaman", babagan ora gampang. Louis ora kaya wong kang diarepaké, nduwé penemu manawa batalé kawinan mau amarga ana gayutan sadulur (tunjangan umum kanggo bubaré kawinan ing wektu iku). Sanadyan panjenengané bisa nggawa saksi kanggo mbuktèkaké manawa kaloroné duwé gayutan kang rumaket amarga pirang-pirang prastawa kawinan kang kadadéan, ora ana bukti dhokumèn babagan iku, mung sapropirané penemu saka wong-wong pura. Mangkono uga, Louis ora bisa mbantah manawa panjenengané wés gedhé akil balig (14 [[taun]]) kanggo nikah: ora ana kang mesti kapan panjenengané dilairakeé, karo Louis kang ngaku kang umuré 12 [[taun]] ing wektu iku, lan kang liyané wiwit nafsiraké panjenengané sadaya umuré 11 lan 13 [[taun]]. Sanadyan mangkono, amarga ora ana bukti kang nyata, panjenengané kapeksa nggawé argumen liyané. [[Gambar:SchlossBloisReiterstatue.jpg|thumb|[[Gotik Flamboyan]] Louis kang numpak jaran ing nduwur gerbang [[Château de Blois]]]] Saka Kepausan minangka pihak kang nétral, ngendika Joan bakal menang, amarga kasus Louis kang ora kuat buktineé. Mesakaké banget nasibé Ratu, [[Paus Aleksander VI]] (mantan Roderic Borja) digelar amarga alesan politis kanggo mènèhi ijin pegat, lan panjenengané maréntah nentang Joan, ngijinaké prastawa batal mau. Prastawa Batal mau diwènèhaké kanthi alesan manawa Louis ora bébas nikah, nanging dipeksa kanggo nikahi amarga préntah bapaké Joan Louis XI. kanthi angkara murka, Joan wegah minggir, lan nduwé alesan manawa panjenengané bakalan ndonga kanggo bekas bojoné, lan Louis padha wegahé nikahi bekas Ratu Anne. Sawisé tilar donyané Anne, Louis salanjuté nikahi Mary Tudor, [[Ratu Prancis]] (1496–1533), seduluré Henry VIII saking [[Inggris]], Raja [[Inggris]] ing Abbeville, [[Prancis]], nalika tanggal 9 Oktober 1514, kanthi upaya kanggo bisa ngasilaké keturunan pewaris tahtané lan calon kang yasa pewaris mangsa ngarep kanggo keturunan-keturunane saka tahta [[Inggris]] uga. Panjenengané akhiré ora kasil. Sanadyan kaloro kawinané sadurungé, raja ora duwé keturunan lanang urip lan nduwé upaya kanggo ngasilaké salah sijining pewaris; nanging Louis tilar donya tanggal 1 Januari 1515, kurang saka 3 wulan sawisé nikahi Mary, miturt pirang-pirang sumber amarga kesel lan kabèh tenagané dienggo ing kasur. Nikahé panjenengané loro kabèh ora ngasilaké keturunan. == Tilar Donyané == Louis tilar donya tanggal 1 Januari 1515, lan dikubur ing Basilika Santo Denis. Amarga tradisi Hukum Salik, kang ora ngijinaké wanita kanggo dadi pewaris tahta [[Prancis]], panjenengané digantèkaké déning putra saka seduluré kang kapisan, Francis I saking [[Prancis]] (kang uga minangka mantuné), kang nggawé garis keturunan Raja-raja [[Prancis]] dhéwé. == Kulawarga == === Silsilah === {{ahnentafel top|width=100%}} <center>{{ahnentafel-compact5 |style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; |border=1 |boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; | 1= 1. '''Louis XII saking Prancis''' | 2= 2. [[Charles, Adipati Orléans]] | 3= 3. [[Marie saking Cleves]] | 4= 4. [[Louis I de Valois, Adipati Orléans]] | 5= 5. [[Valentina Visconti]] | 6= 6. [[Adolph I, Adipati Cleves]] | 7= 7. [[Mary saking Burgundia, Adipati Wanita Cleves|Mary saking Burgundia]] | 8= 8. [[Charles V saking Prancis]] | 9= 9. [[Joanna saking Bourbon]] |10= 10. [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]] |11= 11. [[Isabelle saking Valois (1348-1372)|Isabelle saking Valois]] |12= 12. [[Adolph III, Pangeran Mark]] |13= 13. [[Margaret saking Julich]] |14= 14. [[John kang anggoné wani|John II, Adipati Burgundia]] |15= 15. [[Margaret saking Bayern]] |16= 16. [[John II saking Prancis]] |17= 17. [[Bonne saking Bohemia]] |18= 18. [[Peter I, Adipati Bourbon]] |19= 19. [[Isabella saking Valois (1313-1388)|Isabella saking Valois]] |20= 20. [[Galeazzo II Visconti]] |21= 21. [[Biana saking Savoia]] |22= 22. = 16. John II saking [[Prancis]] |23= 23. = 17. Bonne saking Bohemia |24= 24. [[Adolph II, Pangeran Mark]] |25= 25. Margaret saking Cleves |26= 26. [[Gerhard VI saking Jülich, Pangeran Berg lan Ravensberg|Gerhard VI saking Jülich]] |27= 27. [[Margaret saking Ravensberg]] |28= 28. [[Philip kang anggoné wani|Philip II, Adipati Burgundia]] |29= 29. [[Margaret III, Pangeran Flandria]] |30= 30. [[Albert I, Adipati Bayern]] |31= 31. [[Margaret saking Brieg]] }}</center> {{ahnentafel bottom}} === Keturunan === [[Gambar:BNF - Latin 9474 - Jean Bourdichon - Grandes Heures d'Anne de Bretagne - f. 3r - Anne de Bretagne entre trois saintes (détail).jpg|right|thumb|Ratu Anne saking Bretagne]] {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan=4 align="center"|'''''Déning [[Anne saking Bretagne]]''''' |- !Jeneng!!Lair!!Tilar Donya!!Cathetan |- |[[Claude saking Perancis]]||14 Oktober 1499||20 Juli 1524||nikah kaliyan [[Francis I saking Perancis]] ing tanggal 18 Mèi 1514; duwé keturunan |- |Putra ora nduwé jeneng||1500||1500||mati bayi |- |Putra ora nduwé jeneng||21 Januari 1503||21 Januari 1503||mati bayi |- |keguguran||ing akir taun 1503||ing pungkasan taun 1503||pirang-pirang sumber ngendika |- |keguguran||1505||1505|| |- |Putra ora nduwé jeneng||21 Januari 1508||21 Januari 1508||mati bayi; pirang-pirang sumber ngendika keguguran |- |keguguran||1509||1509||pirang-pirang sumber ngendika |- |[[Renée saking Prancis]]||25 Oktober 1510||12 Juni 1574||nikah kaliyan [[Ercole II d'Este]] ing wulan April 1528; duwé keturunan |- |Putra ora nduwé jeneng||21 Januari 1512||21 Januari 1512||mati bayi |} Louis XII uga duwé sapropirané anak karam [[Michel de Bucy]], [[Biskop Agung Bourges]] saka [[taun]] 1505, kang tilar donya ing [[taun]] 1511 lan dikubur ing [[Bourges]].<ref>http://genealogy.euweb.cz/capet/capet23.html#L12</ref> == Réferènsi == *Baumgartner, Frederic J., ''Louis XII'', New York: [[St.Martin's Press]], 1996. ISBN 0-312-12072-9 *Hochner, Nicole, ''Louis XII: Les dérèglements de l’image royale'', collection «Époques» [[Seyssel]]: [[Champ Vallon]], 2006 http://www.champ-vallon.com/ === Cathetan sikil === {{reflist}} {{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[Wangsa Valois|Wangsa Valois, cabang Orléans]]|27 Juni|1462|1 Januari|1515|[[Wangsa Kapetia]]}} {{s-reg|}} {{s-bef|rows=1|before=[[Charles VIII saking Prancis|Charles VIII]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Dhaptarr Penguasa Prancis|Raja Prancis]]|years=7 April 1498 – 1 Januari 1515}} {{s-aft|rows=1|after=[[Francis I saking Prancis|Francis I]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Frederick IV saking Napoli|Frederick IV]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Pratélan Penguasa Napoli|Raja Napoli]]|years=Agustus 1501–31 Maret 1504}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ferdinand II saking Aragon|Ferdinand III]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Anne saking Bretagne|Anne]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Pratélan Panguasa Bretagne|Adipati Bretagne]]|years=8 Januari 1499 – 9 Januari 1514|regent1=[[Anne saking Bretagne|Anne]]}} {{s-aft|after=[[Claude saking Prancis|Claude]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ludovico Sforza|Louis I]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Pratélan Penguasa Milan|Adipati Milan]]|years=1499–1512}} {{s-aft|after=[[Maximilian Sforza|Maximilian]]}} |- {{s-bef|rows=3|before=[[Charles I de Valois, Adipati Orléans|Charles I]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Pratélan Adipati Orléans|Adipati Orléans]]|years=5 Januari 1465 – 7 April 1498}} {{s-vac|reason=Digabungaké ing njero [[Wewengkon Makutha Prancis|wewengkon kraton]]|next=[[Henry II saking Prancis|Henry]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Pratélan Pangeran dan Adipati Valois|Adipati Valois]]|years=5 Januari 1465 – 7 April 1498}} {{s-vac|reason=Digabungaké ing njero wewengkon kraton|next=[[Francis I saking Prancis|Francis]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Pratélan Pangeran Blois|Pangeran Blois]]|years=5 January 1465 – 7 April 1498}} {{s-vac|reason=Digabungaké ing njero wewengkon kraton|next=[[Gaston, Adipati Orléans|Gaston]]}} {{s-end}} {{raja Prancis}} [[Kategori:Lair 1462]] [[Kategori:Kematian 1515]] [[Kategori:Tokoh saka Blois]] [[Kategori:Panguasa Prancis]] [[Kategori:Panguasa Napoli]] [[Kategori:Wangsa Valois-Orléans]] [[Kategori:Raja Prancis]] [[Kategori:Adipati Milan]] [[Kategori:Adipati Orléans]] [[Kategori:Adipati Valois]] [[Kategori:Pangeran Blois]] [[Kategori:Panguasa monarki Katolik Roma]] in1jfcxw8rn9ebvjfxb21raerroq3aq 0 99847 1751069 1738335 2026-07-02T06:41:30Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name = Le Havre |image = Le Havre Vue Plage 14 07 2005.jpg |caption = |image flag = |image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Le Havre (Seine-Maritime).svg |latitude = 49.49000 |longitude = 0.100000 |time zone = CET <small>(UTC +1)</small> |INSEE = 76351 |region = [[Upper Normandy]] |department = [[Seine-Maritime]] |arrondissement = Rouen |intercommunality = [[Agglomeration community of Le Havre|CODAH]] |mayor = Edouard Phillippe |party = [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]] |term = 2010-2014 |area km2 = 46.95 |area footnotes = |population date = 2007 |population = 179751 |population ranking = [[List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants (1999 census)|12th in France]] |urban area km2 = 182.45 |urban area date = 2006 |urban pop = 246,195 |urban pop date = 2006 |metro area km2 = 615.39 |metro area date = 2006 |metro area pop = 291,765 |metro area pop date= 2020 }} {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Le Havre, the City Rebuilt by Auguste Perret | Image = | Criteria = ii, iv | ID = 1181 | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1181 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Europe and North America]] | Year = 2005 | Session = 30th }} '''Le Havre''' ({{IPA-fr|lə ɑvʁ}}) inggih punika salah satunggaling kitha wonten ing [[Seine-Maritime]] departemèn ing [[Prancis]] saking [[Haute-Normandie]] wonten ing laladan Prancis.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.adcf.org/urbanisme/Redecoupage-des-unites-urbaines-poursuite-de-l-expansion-urbaine-760.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116185410/http://www.adcf.org/urbanisme/Redecoupage-des-unites-urbaines-poursuite-de-l-expansion-urbaine-760.html |date=2014-01-16 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 21/04/2013)</ref> Le Havre mapan wonten ing Prancis sisih [[lor|lèr]] radi [[kulon|ngilèn]], wonten ing sisih tengen saking [[kali Seine]] ing [[English Channel]].<ref name="internet1"/> Le Havre punika laladan ingkang kathah piyambak populasinipun [[Komune Prancis]] wonten ing laladan Haute-Normandie, sanajan cacahipun warga ingkang kathah piyambak ing konurbasi La Havre inggih langkung sakedhik tinimbang cacahipun warga ing laladan [[Rouen]]<ref name="internet1"/>. La Hevre ugi dados ''suprefaktur'' ingkang paling ageng nomer kalih ing Prancis sasampunipun kitha [[Reims]]<ref name="internet1"/>. Kitha punika ugi minangka kitha bisnis ingkang paling gayeng ing Prancis sasampunipun kitha [[Marseille]]<ref name="internet2">{{lien web|éditeur=CODAH|titre=Editorial|url=http://www.agglo-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/page/all-1/article_id-/article_principal_id-/folder_id-/topic_id-3/presentation.html|dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. ==Sajarah== Le Havre naté dipun-gantos namanipun dados ''Franciscopolis'' nalika taun 1517 wekdal dipunpimpin [[Raja Francis I]].<ref name="internet2"/> Satunggaling kapal ingkang misuwur minangka ''Notre-Dame-de-Grace ("Our Lady Grace")'' wonten ing situs sadèrèngipun kitha punika dipunyasa, lajeng ''denominasi'' ngampilaken nama mau dados nama satunggaling pelabuhan, ingkang dipunsebut ''Le hable de Grâce'' (lan sasampunipun taun [[1489]] namanipun dados "Plabuhan Grace").<ref name="internet2"/> Nama ingkang dawa punika lajeng dipuncekak dados Le Havre, kados nama ingkang dipun-ginakaken ing jaman modhèren, ingkang namung dipunalih aksarakaken dados ''port'' utawi pelabuhan<ref name="internet2"/>. Le Havre kala rumiyin misuwur minangka kitha ingkang mblawur lan boten cetha.<ref name="internet1"/> Manut ilining wekdal, warga ing kitha punika lajeng sami sengkut gumregut anggènipun makarya kanggé ngéwah-éwahi hawa lan swasana sereng saking kitha punika.<ref name="internet1"/> Nama Le Havre sajatosipun inggih namung ateges palabuhan utawi ''port'' (utawi ing basa Inggris kuna ateges "swarga").<ref name="internet3"/> Le Havre dipunyasa minangka palabuhan énggal kanthi pamaréntahan saking kraton, lan sapérangan inggih kanggé nggantosaken kawontenanipun pelabuhan ingkang gadhah sujarah ing Prancis inggih punika Harfleur lan Honfleur ingkang sampun dados langkung praktis amargi wontenipun laladan ingkang dipundamel langkung ngandhap.<ref name="internet3"/> Kitha punika dipunyasa ing taun [[1517]], kanthi nama ''Franciscopolis'' sasampunipun pamaréntahanipun Francis I saking Prancis lan lajeng gantos namanipun dados Le Havre-de-Grace ''("Harbour Grace")'' sasampunipun wonten kapal ingkang wonten saking Notre-Dame-de-Grace ("''Our Lady of Grace''").<ref name="internet3"/> Nalika tanggal [[20 April]] [[1564]], kitha punika dados satunggaling pelabuhan saking departemèn ing Prancis saking ''èkspèdhisi'' ingkang dipunpandhegani déning [[René Goulaine de Laudonnière]] dhateng satunggaling dunya énggal ingkang dipundamel déning piyambakipun ing wekdal sepisanan dados koloni Prancis wonten ing [[Fort Caroline]], caket sapunika kaliyan kitha [[Jacksonville, Florida]]<ref name="internet3"/>. Satunggaling artis ingkang ugi misuwur inggih punika [[Jacques le Moyne de morgues]] ugi gabung kaliyan Laudonnière kanggé ngupiya lan nyipta kolonisasi sepisanan ingkang nggambarakane satunggaling gambar artistik ingkang lajeng sampun dipunmangertosi déning warga asli Amérika ing dunya ingkang énggal, mliiginipun [[Timicua]], suku-suku wewengkon modhèren ingkang wonten ing sisih [[wétan]] radi [[lor]] saking [[Florida]] lan ing sisih wétan radi [[kidul]] saking praja [[Georgia]].<ref name="internet3">{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewworld.us/narrative-of-le-moyne/3/ |title=Narrative of Le Moyne-TheNewWorld.us |publisher=TheNewWorld.us |date= |5=dipunundhuh tanggal 14 April 2013 |access-date=14 April 2013 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927042341/http://thenewworld.us/narrative-of-le-moyne/3/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ing [[abad]] kaping [[18]], Le Havre inggih wiwit tuwuh dados kitha dagang saking [[India Barat]] ingkang lajeng terus tambah ngantos dumugi Prancis lan [[Éropah]]<ref name="internet3"/>. Ing taun [[1759]], kitha punika dados titik kanggé mahargyakaken ''Rencana invasi Prancis'' ing taun 1759<ref name="internet3"/>. Déné ing perang ewunan wadya, jaran, lan kapal sami kempal dados satunggal namung kanggé ngrusak kathah tongkang wonten ing palabuhan ing [[Raid on Le Havre]] lan salajengipun invasi kedah dipuntilar sasampunipun wadya lautan Prancis kasoran ing wadyabala [[Quiberon]]<ref name="internet3"/>. Nagara Jerman inggih nguaosi warga ing kitha Le Havre ing sadangunipun wonten invasi saking [[Normandia]] ing [[Perang Dunya II]] ingkang asilipun inggih saged damel tiwas 5.000 tiyang lan cacahipun kirang langung 12.000 griya kagunganipun warga kitha mau risak tumemen, mliginipun amargi serangan saking udara ingkang dipuntindakaken déning Sakuthu<ref name="buku1"/>. Sanajan ta makaten, Le Havre inggih dados satunggaling lokasi ingkang dados salah satunggaling papan Depot ingkang paling ageng dipun-gantos utawi ''Repple Depples'' wonten ing operasi teater Éropah ing Perang dunya kaping II punika<ref name="buku1"/>. Èwunan wadya Amérika ingkang nyuliri kawontenanipun wadya sekuthu dipundhatengaken ing kitha punika kanggé nggantosaken sapérangan papan ingkang risak sadèrèngipun dipunprentah kanggé merangi operasi ingkang wonten.<ref name="buku1">Ambrose, Stephen. ''Citizen Soldiers'', kaca 274-277.</ref> Le Havre inggih dipunkurmati kanthi wontenipun bebungah [[Légion d'honneur|Legion of Honor]] ingkang dipuncaosaken ing tanggal [[18 Juli]] [[1949]]<ref name="buku1"/>. Sasampunipun perangipun rampung, kitha punika lajeng dipunyasa malih kanthi gaya ingkang langkung modhèren malih ingkang dipunrancang déning [[Auguste Perret]]<ref name="buku1"/>. [[UNESCO]] lajeng paring uninga bilih punjering kitha Le Havre inggih dados salah satunggaling bandha tilaran sujarah ing dunya [[Situs Warisan Dunya]] utawi [[World Heritage Site]] ing tanggal [[15 Juli]] [[2005]], kanggé ngurmati kitha punika minangka kitha ingkang gadhah potensi ingkang nyata lan saged langkung ''inovatif'' malih<ref name="buku1"/>. Wontenipun siti kothong kanthi ambanipun saged dumugi 133 hèktar, miturut tim UNESCO inggih minangka satunggaling tuladha blih kitha punika gadhah arsitèktur saha tata kitha ingkang dipunrencanakaken kanthi saé ing jaman sasampunipun kaleksenan perang<ref name="buku1"/>. Punika inggih ingkang minangka salah satunggaling situs warisan dunya kontemporer ingkang arang kapanggih ing Éropah<ref name="buku1"/>. ==Rekonstruksi== Kitha palabuhan Le Havre kénging risak ingkang parah ing sadangunipun kènging memala nalika kadadosan Perang dunya kaping kalih<ref name="buku2"/>. Kados kitha-kitha pasisir sanèsipun ing Prancis, palabuhan Le Havre saged dipunrebat lan dipunkuaosi déning nagara [[Jerman]] ing taun [[1940]]<ref name="buku2"/>. Èwunan masarakat sami ngungsi dhateng pos-pos pengungsèn, dhateng kitha-kitha ing sakéring tengenipun lan ing papan pengungsen samantara ing sadangunipun wekdal punika<ref name="buku2"/>. Sapérangan ageng warga milih kanggé ngungsi ing wekdal énjing mumun kanthi mlampah, mawi pit onthel utawi nganggé grobak, lan namung purun wangsul ing wekdal siyang sasampunipun pihak Sakuthu ngebom laladan mau saking udara<ref name="buku2"/>. Anggènipun ngancuraken kitha Le Havre, puncakipun inggih nalika wonten pertepuran Normandia<ref name="buku2"/>. Ing tanggal 5 lan 6 Dhésèmber [[1944]], wadyabala Sekuti miwiti seranganipun kanggé mbébasaken kitha<ref name="buku2"/>. Sapérangan ageng, saking 132 bom dipunjeblugaken wonten ing kitha punika ing salebeting perang, lan kaanan punika asring dipungambaraken minangka pajeblug wesi lan geni<ref name="buku2"/>. Ing pungkasanipun, kitha punika saged dipunbebasaken saking jajahanipun Jerman ing tanggal [[12 Dhésèmber]] [[1944]]<ref name="buku2"/>. Le Havre ingkang minangka kitha palabuhan ingkang paling ageng nomer kalih ing Prancis, kénging risak ingkang ageng tinimbang kitha sanès ing nagara punika<ref name="buku3"/>. Langkung saking 90% saking kitha punika inggih ancur tumemen ingkang kasisa namung runtuhan bangunannipun<ref name="buku3"/>. Sedaya yasan publik ingkang wigati ing punjering administrasi kalebet bursa saham, bale kitha, lan [[kantor pos]], saha [[gréja]], kalih griya sakit, sekolah, toko-toko, lan perumahan ugi sami remuk<ref name="buku3"/>. Plabuhan punika inggih sampun boten saged dipun-ginakaken malih amargi bangké kapal kasebar mblokir saluranipun lan ugi boten wonten akses tumuju dhateng dermaga<ref name="buku3"/>. Kebakaran ingkang ageng njeblug ing kitha punika ing dinten-dinten salajengipun, ngancuraken punapa sakedhik ingkang kasisakaken saking makna sujarahipun<ref name="buku3"/>. Listik saha toya ing kitha punika sampun dipunicalaken amargi dipunbom déning RAF, saéngga tugas kanggé nyirnakaken geni ingkang mburap-mburap boten saged dipuntindakaken<ref name="buku3"/>. Ing pungkasaning perang, cacahipun warga sipil ingkang tiwas inggih dumugi 500 tiyang, 12.500 yasan ancur lan 80.000 tiyang boten gadhah papan dumunung<ref name="buku3"/>. Sapérangan ageng wosing bumi punika ugi dipunkeruk ngantos telas, margi ingkang asli dipunbusak saking memori fisik<ref name="buku3"/>. Sapérangan ageng saham perumahan ing pinggiran sisih lor lan wétan Aplemont lan Graville sampun sadaya dipunbubrah lan dpunremuk<ref name="buku3"/>. Tugas kanggé ndandosi malih lan ngrekonstruksi kitha punika badhé mbetahaken rencana ingkang ageng, saé punika saking pihak lokal utawi saking pihak Paris piyambak<ref name="buku3"/>. Lan sapunika inggih sampun dumugi tahap ngrencanakaken lan damel kabijakan kanggé ndandosi kitha Le Havre ingkang risak<ref name="buku3"/>. [[Gambar:Le Havre hiver 1944-1945.JPG|thumb|left|700px|Kitha Le Havre ingkang risak ing salebeting perang dunya kalih ing mangsa asrep taun 1944-1945]] Satunggaling pamanggih lan rencana kanggé ndandani kitha Le Havre supados tatanan ruwang kithanipun langkung saé inggih sampun dipunsamektakaken tebih-tebih dinten sadèrèngipun wonten peran dunya kaping kalih<ref name="buku4"/>. Pamarèntah Prancis sampun netepaken bilih saben kitha ingkang cacahipun warga langkung saking 10.000 tiyang kedah dipunwontenaken satunggaling rencana kanggé ndandosi lan ngrembakakaken kitha punika supados langkung saé malih<ref name="buku4"/>. Kalebet ugi palabuhan Le Havre punika ingkang kedah tumemen rekaos njangkepi sadaya kekirangan ingkang taksih kathah ing kitha-kitha ing Éropah ing wekdal punika<ref name="buku4"/>. Sasampunipun jaman [[révolusi indhustri]] ing abad kaping sangalas, gunggungipun warga kitha punika tambah langkung kathah tanpa manggihaken kaanan kitha ingkang nembé dipuntata malih<ref name="buku4"/>. Wontenipun baku ingkang radi medèni bab resikipun lingkungan lan kaanan gesangipun warga ingkang wonten, ndadosaken latar ing sangajenging griya langkung ciyut, kathah polusi udara, lan ''basement'' ing sakitering lingkungan perumahanipun warga kènging banjir<ref name="buku4"/>. Anggènipun ngrencanakaken kanggé nata kitha dhedhasar wontenipun spekulasi properti ingkang ngasilaken kualitas konstruksi andhap saking yasan-yasan lan margi ing kitha punika<ref name="buku4"/>. Wonten sakedhik pangrembakan ingkang kadadosan nalika perang inggih punika kanthi wontenipun pamanggih lan panyaruwé wontenipun rencana kanggé nindakaken sanitasi ingkang badhé dipunsamektakaken déning pihak swasta<ref name="buku4"/>. Pamarèntah Vichy ugi ngawontenaken malih ''master plan'' ing sadangunipun perang kanggé yasa mali kitha ingkang sapun risak ing taun [[1941]] ing sak ngandhapipun lembaga CRI kanggé ngrekonsruksi kitha punika, déné ingkang dipuntunjuk kanggé mandhegani lampahing prakawis kanggé nata kitha punika inggih [[Felix Brunau]]<ref name="buku4"/>. Amargi kitha Le Havre punika sampun risak lan bubrah total, mila rencana ingkang sampun dipunsusun punika lajeng dipunsimpen malih dumugi tanggal [[16 Dhésèmber]] [[1944]], nalika pamarèntah Prancis maujud kamentrian rekonstruksi lan perncanaan (MRU) kanggé ndandosi kitha ingkang sampun risak parah punika<ref name="buku4"/>. Perkawis ingkang medal salajengipun inggih punika bab kanggé damel perumahan samentara ing tanah pribadinipun ingkang lajeng badhé dipunpadosi dalan tengahipun kanthi medal saking pamaréntahan lan kedah ngurbanaken nagara kanggé nguaosi sadaya prakawis ingkang wonten<ref name="buku4"/>. Auguste Perret (1874–1954), satunggaling arsitèk formatif ingkang ugi minangka ingkang dados designer tata rancang kitha dipunparingi tugas kanggé ngawasi rekontruksi punjering kitha lan ngrampungaken anggènipun nata kitha ing sasi [[Januari]] [[1945]] déning Raoul Dautry saking MRU.<ref name="buku2">(Kuhl, Lowis & Thiel-Siling 2008, kaca 61)</ref> Dewan kitha Le Havre nyuwun supados Brunau damel pérangan perencanaan ing tim ingkang ngrancang kanggé nata kitha punika, nanging lajeng sapérangan wekdal candhakipun malah nilar tugasipun amargi piyambakipun gadhah prakawis babagan idé kreatif kanggé nata kitha kaliyan Perret.<ref name="buku3">(UNESCO 2005, kaca 5)</ref> Kanthi tradhisional dipunyasa wonten ing sak nginggiling siti ingkang minangka tilas rawa-rawa, déné grid énggal Le Havre ingkang dipunangen-angen déning Perret inggih badhé dipunangkat déning beton ingkang kandelipun 3,5 mèter.<ref name="buku4">(Collins 2004, kaca 273)</ref> Sanajan ta rencana punika boten saged dipunkasilaken amargi wragad ingkang dipunbetahaken ageng sanget lan ugi bahan ingkang dipun-ginakaken kanggé yasa kitha punika kira, mila tilasing ambruking yasan ing kitha punika lajeng dipun-ginakaken kanggé ningkataken punjering kitha<ref name="buku4"/>. Anggènipun ngginakaken beton kanggé lulangipun sadaya yasan ing kitha punika lajeng prakawis punika ingkang meksakaken kekiyataning karakter lan dominasi palabuhan<ref name="buku4"/>. Kanthi akses relatif bébas kanggé siti lan ruanganipun, Perret lan timipun ingkang kapérang saking 60 arsitèk lan perencana kitha gadhah kaprigelan kanggé napsiraken turahan ambanipun kitha kados ingkang dipunbetahaken kémawon<ref name="buku4"/>. ==Papan Administratip== Le Havre inggih kalebet subfaktur saking nagara Prancis ingkang paling ageng nomer kalih lan minangka punjering kitha ingkang ngiteri komune [[Sainte-Adresse]]<ref name="Steiner21"/>. Le Havre inggih mapan wonten ing sisih [[kidul]] radi [[kulon]] saking laladan [[Pays de Caux]]<ref name="Steiner21"/>. Kitha punika inggih dipunkiteri kaliyan pasisir [[English Channel]] ing sisih kulon, muara kali Seine ing sisih kidul, lan pasisir Seine ing sisih [[lor]]<ref name="Steiner21"/>. Ing sujarahipun, kali Seine inggih minangka wates alami ingkang ngiteri antawisipun [[Haute-Normandie]] lan [[Basse-Normandie]]; kitha [[Honfleur]] sampun asring dipunsebut déning Havrais minangka pasisir sanèsipun<ref name="Steiner21">Claire Etienne-Steiner, Frédéric Saunier, ''Le Havre un port des villes neuves'', Paris, 2005, kaca 21</ref>. Minangka kitha palabuhan, temtu pasisir punika ugi kapérang saking rawa-rawa ing sapérangan pérangan pasisirnipun, Le Havre sampun dangu kènging sebutan gadhah siti ingkang kirang saé<ref name="buku5">C. Étienne-Steiner, ''Le Havre. Ville, port et agglomération'', Rouen, 1999, kaca 15</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Letélié14">Isabelle Letélié, ''Le Havre, itinéraires insolites'', Louviers, 2010, kaca 14</ref>. Margi kanggé ngubungaken laladan satunggal kaliyan laladan sanèsipun ingakng énggal inggih sampun dipundamel lan ing antawisipun margi ingkang paling wigati inggih punika [[Pont de Normandie]], ingkang ngubungaken kalih gigiring kali Seine saéngga saged ngirangi wekdal mlampah saking Honfleur lan Le Havre kirang langkung saged suda ing atawisipun 15 menit<ref name="buku5"/>. Le Havre kanthi alami inggih dipunpisah saking kalih laladan déning tebing ingkang inggil<ref name="Ragot6">J. Ragot, M. Ragot, ''Guidé de la nature en pays de Caux'', 2005, kaca 6</ref>. [[Gambar:Photojanvier2005CLG 002.jpg|thumb|Le Havre ingkang katutup salju]] * ''Villa basse'' utawi kitha ngandhap, kaperng saking palabuhan, punjering kitha, lan laladan ''perifer''<ref name="Auger33"/>. Laladan punika dipunyasa saking laladan [[rawa]] ing jaman kuna ingkang lajeng dipunsat ing abad enem welas<ref name="Auger33">P. Auger, G. Granier, ''Le guidé du Pays de Caux'', 1993, kaca 33</ref>. Sitinipun inggih kapérang saking jinis [[alluvium]] ingkang muasalipun saking kali Seine<ref name="Auger33"/>. Punjering kitha punika lajeng dipunyasa malih sasampunipun [[Perang dunya II]], madeg ing siti ingkang langkung inggil satunggal mater (3,3 kaki) saking runtuhan yasan ingkang sampun dipunratakaken<ref name="Auger33"/>. * ''Villa haute'' utawi kitha nginggil, inggih kapérang saking laladan kitha ingkang sènsitip utawi PDI ([[Mont-Gaillard]], [[Caucriauville]], lan [[Mare-Rouge]]<ref name="internet5">{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/donnees-detaillees/duicq/uu.asp?reg=23&uu=76701 |title=Insee-Thèmes-Territoire-DUIC-Agglomération (unité urbaine): Le Havre |publisher=Insee.fr |date= |dipunundhuh tanggal=20 Maret 2013}}</ref>). Laladan ingkang sugih inggih mapan ing sisih lor dumugi kulon saking kitha nginggil inggih punika laladan ([[Sainte-Adresse]] lan [[Dollemard]]) inggih punika laladan ingkang aling inggil ingkang mapan wonten ing siti ingkang dhuwuripun ing antawisipun 90 dumugi 115 mèter<ref name="carmen2">[http://carmen.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/17/DonneesrisquessurlestuairedelaSeine.map#] Alam ing kali Seine (dipunundhuh tanggal=19/07/2012)</ref>. Satunggaling trowongan marfi, lan satunggaling tram kabel [[sepur]] ingkang dipunyasa wiwit taun [[2012]] damel trem trowongan punika langkung nggampilaken kanggé piranti transportasi ing antawisipun kitha nginggil lan kitha ngandhap<ref name="Auger33"/>. ==Walikota== {|class="wikitable" ! Mayor ! Term start ! Term end ! class=unsortable|&nbsp; ! Party |- |René Cance |align=center|Januari 1956 |align=center|Maret 1959 |bgcolor={{French Communist Party/meta/color}}| |''[[French Communist Party|PCF]]'' |- |Robert Monguillon |align=center|Maret 1959 |align=center|Maret 1965 |bgcolor={{French Section of the Workers' International/meta/color}}| |''[[French Section of the Workers' International|SFIO]]'' |- |René Cance |align=center|Maret 1965 |align=center|Maret 1971 |bgcolor={{French Communist Party/meta/color}}| |''[[French Communist Party|PCF]]'' |- |[[André Duromea]] |align=center|Maret 1971 |align=center|Oktober 1994 |bgcolor={{French Communist Party/meta/color}}| |''[[French Communist Party|PCF]]'' |- |[[Daniel Colliard]] |align=center|Oktober 1994 |align=center|Juni 1995 |bgcolor={{French Communist Party/meta/color}}| |''[[French Communist Party|PCF]]'' |- |[[Antoine Rufenacht]] |align=center|Juni 1995 |align=center|Oktober 2008 |bgcolor={{Union for a Popular Movement/meta/color}}| |''[[Rally for the Republic|RPR]], [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]'' |- |[[Édouard Philippe]] |align=center|Oktober 2008 |align=center|''sapunika'' |bgcolor={{Union for a Popular Movement/meta/color}}| |''[[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]'' |} ==Iklim== {{Weather box |location = Le Havre |metric first = 1 |single line = 1 |Jan high C = 6 |Feb high C = 6 |Mar high C = 8 |Apr high C = 10 |May high C = 13 |Jun high C = 16 |Jul high C = 18 |Aug high C = 18 |Sep high C = 17 |Oct high C = 13 |Nov high C = 9 |Dec high C = 7 |year high C = 12 |Jan low C = 3 |Feb low C = 3 |Mar low C = 5 |Apr low C = 7 |Mèi low C = 10 |Jun low C = 12 |Jul low C = 15 |Ags low C = 15 |Sep low C = 13 |Okt low C = 11 |Nov low C = 7 |Des low C = 5 |year low C = 9 |source 1 = <ref name=weather>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=082070&refer= |title=Weatherbase |dipunundhuh tanggal=21 April 2013 |date=June 2011 |access-date=20 April 2013 |archive-date=4 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404194902/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=082070&refer= |url-status=dead }}</ref> |date=Agustus 2010 }} Amargi papan dumunung kitha punika ingkang celak kaliyan pasisir Channel, mila kitha Le Havre gadhah iklim samodra<ref name="Stat"/>. Boten wonten dinten tanpa wontenipun angin. Maneka jinis angin temtu kadadosan ing kitha punika. Angin punika saged sumilir ajeg saben taunipun amargi kénging pangaribawa mianangka laladan maritim<ref name="Stat"/>. Miturut cathetan saking stasiun cuaca singkang wonten ing [[Cap de la Hève]] ing taun [[1970]]-[[1999]], témperatur suhunipun mandhap ing sak ngandhaping {{unit | 0 | ° C }} 24 dinten saben warsanipun, lan minggah ing sak nginggiling {{unit | 25 | C}} 14 dinten saben warsanipun<ref name="Stat"/>. Déné dangunipun cahya srengéngé rata-rata saben taunipun inggih dumugi {{unit | 1878 |}} jam saben warsa<ref name="Stat">{{lien web|titre=Chiffres clés et statistiques|éditeur=Le Havre Développement|url=http://www.havre-developpement.com/entreprendrehavre_chiffrescles.asp|dipunundhuh tanggal=02/04/2008}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807005345/http://www.havre-developpement.com/entreprendrehavre_chiffrescles.asp |date=2013-08-07 }}</ref>. Presipitasi cahyaning srengéngé dipunsebaraken saben taun, kanthi presipitasi maksimal kadadosan ing mangsa palastra lan mangsa asrep<ref name="Stat"/>. Déné ing sasi [[Juni]] lan [[Juli]] inggih asring kadadosan badai<ref name="Infoclimat_Heve"/>. Déné angin ingkang wonten sumilir saking sèktor sisih [[kulon]] radi [[kidul]] inggih wonten angin ingkang kenceng-kenceng lan angin kanthi posisi andhap saking sisih [[lor]] dumugi [[wétan]]<ref>{{lien web|url=http://seine-aval.crihan.fr/web/SilverpeasWebFileServer/3993656065Ifr_Seine_aval_02.pdf?ComponentId=kmelia106&SourceFile=1161364849854.pdf&MimeType=application/pdf&Directory=Attachment/Images/&logicalName=3993656065Ifr_Seine_aval_02.pdf|titre=Courants, vagues et marées: les mouvements de l'eau|auteur=Pierre Le Hir, Ricardo Silva Jacinto|éditeur=Ifremer|taun=2001|dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718041937/http://seine-aval.crihan.fr/web/SilverpeasWebFileServer/3993656065Ifr_Seine_aval_02.pdf?ComponentId=kmelia106&SourceFile=1161364849854.pdf&MimeType=application%2Fpdf&Directory=Attachment%2FImages%2F&logicalName=3993656065Ifr_Seine_aval_02.pdf |date=2013-07-18 }}</ref>. Lan angin ingkang ageng asring kadadosan ing mangsa asrep mliginipun ing sasi [[Januari]]<ref name="Infoclimat_Heve">{{lien web|titre=Cap de la Hève, Seine-Maritime (76), 100m-[1961-1990]|url=http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/index.php?s=07028&aff|éditeur=Infoclimat|ipunundhuh tanggal=03/11/2007}}</ref>. Bantering angin ingkang dipunukur paling banter ingakng kadadosan ing Le Havre ingkang kacathet wonten ing [[aglomerasi]] inggih kadadosan ing tanggal [[16 Oktober]] [[1987]] ingkang tumuju dhateng [[Cape Le Have]] kanthi bantering angin {{unit | 180 | km}} saben jam<ref name="MeteoFr">{{lien web|titre=Météo en Seine-Maritime|url=http://www.meteofrance.com/FR/climat/dpt_tempsdumois.jsp?LIEUID=DEPT76|éditeur=Météo France|ipunundhuh tanggal=03/11/2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202053041/http://www.meteofrance.com/FR/climat/dpt_tempsdumois.jsp?LIEUID=DEPT76 |date=2007-12-02 }}</ref>. Déné marabaya saking alam ingkang paling mbebayani lan asring kadadosan inggih kanthi wontenipun banjir ingkang kadadosan saking wontenipun angin ageng lan [[Badai Surge]] utawi glombang pasang laut<ref name="Auger42">P. Auger, G. Granier, ''Le guidé du Pays de Caux'', 1993, kaca 42</ref>. Déné sansaya andhap posiis satunggulaing kitha lajeng saged dipun-ginakaken kanggé ngadani ski ing siti<ref name="carmen1">{{lien web|url=http://carmen.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/17/DonneesnatureetpaysagesurlestuairedelaSeine.map|éditeur=Carmen, Haute-Normandie|titre=Données nature et paysage sur l'estuaire de la Seine|dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013}}</ref>. Boten wontenipun kali ing salebeting kitha mila boten wonten ingkang saged nahan wontenipun banjir ageng ingkang mlebet dhateng kitha<ref name="carmen1"/>. Ing pasisir Le Havre ugi radi arang kènging banjir utawi ingkang asring dipunsebut minangka banjir ingkang kadadosan amarga wontenipun angin banter<ref name="carmen1"/>. Perkawis punika saged kadadosan amargi wontenpun gabungan saking angin banter, glombang inggil lan ageng saking laut ingkang dadosaken wontenipun koefisien pasang surut<ref name="carmen1"/>. Déné saking tilas wontenipun pemanasan global lan rainipun laut ingkang paling inggil ingkang mindhak, mila prastawa punika saged lajeng tambah kiyat ing jaman wekdal ngajeng<ref name="carmen1"/>. {{-}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:100%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;" ! style="background: #99CCCC; color: #000080" height="17" |Mois ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Jan ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Feb ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Mar ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Apr ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Mèi ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Jun ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Jul ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Ags ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Sep ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Okt ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Nov ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Des ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Taun |- ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" |Températur (°C) | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 4,6 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 4,9 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 6,8 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 8,8 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 12,1 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 14,8 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 17 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 17,2 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 15,7 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 12,6 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 8,2 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 5,6 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" | 10,7 |- ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" height="16;" |Précipitasi (mm) | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 62,6 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 49 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 54,3 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 42,9 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 52,7 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 52,6 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 50,2 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 48,5 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 64,5 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 74,1 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 88,1 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 69,4 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 708,6 |- ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" height="16;" |rata-rata (h) | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 62,9 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 87,7 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 136,2 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 179,5 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 214,6 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 224,4 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 237,8 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 218,5 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 168,3 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 124,5 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 74,7 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 56,7 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | {{formatnum:1878}} | colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|Source: Infoclimat<ref>{{lien web|url=http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/index.php?s=07028&aff=details|titre=Cap de la Hève, Seine maritime(76), {{unité|100|m}}-[1961-1990]|site=Infoclimat|dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013}}</ref> |} ==Lingkungan Sakiteripun== [[Gambar:2011 square saint-roch fleuri lehavre 2.jpg|thumb| [[taman Saint-Roch]].]] Satunggaling studi kanthi mnandhingaken Aphekom lan sadaya kitha ing Prancis nedahaken bilih Le Havre inggih minangka satunggaling kitah ingkang boten patos kénging kathah polusi ing Prancis<ref>{{lien web|url= http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/chat/2011/03/02/la-pollution-de-l-air-reduit-l-esperance-de-vie-comment-agir_1487126_3244.html|titre=Il est difficile de mobiliser les politiques sur le problème de la pollution de l'air|auteur=Gaëlle Dupont|dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013}}</ref>. Le Havre ugi minangka kitha ingkang paling ageng nomer tiga ing Prancis ing sadangunipun pendhudhukipun saged ngonversi kualitas udaranipun ngantos 100000<ref>Laurence Perrin, « L'heure du bilan carbone », dans ''Océanes Le Havre'', {{numéro|152}}, décembre 2011-janvier 2012, kaca 31</ref>. Nalika gas [[karbon]] dipunrembakakaken ing taun [[2009]] saged nedahaken bilih kitha punika kanthi otomatis saged nolak konversi 32.500 ton [[karbon dioksida|CO2]] saben taunipun<ref name="lutte"/>. Ing taun [[2011]], rilis saben taunipun kanggé rata-rata wontenipun gas [[sulfur dioksida]] ingkang dipunasilaken déning indhustri-indhustri ingakng wonten inggih ing antawisipun tigang mikrogram saben mèter kubik ing punjering kitha Le Havre ngantos kalih welas mikrogram saben mèter kubik ing lingkungan sakiteripun [[Caucriauville]]<ref name="diosoufre">{{lien web|titre=Résultats de mesures 2011|éditeur=Air Normand|url=http://www.air-com.asso.fr/Publications/Publications-telechargeables/Programmes-de-surveillance-Bilans|dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013|format=pdf}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726131634/http://air-com.asso.fr/Publications/Publications-telechargeables/Programmes-de-surveillance-Bilans |date=2013-07-26 }}</ref>. Lan pamarèntah kitha LE Havre piyambak sampun netepaken target kanggé ngirangi emisi gas CO2 saben taunipun ngantos 3%<ref name="lutte">{{lien web|titre=Lutter contre le changement climatique|éditeur=Ville du Havre|url=http://lehavre.fr/dossier/lutter-contre-le-changement-climatique-0|dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718010548/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/lutter-contre-le-changement-climatique-0 |date=2012-07-18 }}</ref>. Kanggé njurung program punika, mila sampun dipunpasang [[panèl surya]] ing sapérangan yasan kitha inggih punika ing Balé Kitha Le Havre, ugi ''Hanging Gardens (Le Havre)''<ref name="rapport"/>. Wiwit taun [[2008]], Le Havre inggih minangka péranganing jaringan {{lang|en|[[Energy Cities]]}} utawi ènergi kitha lan ing konteks punika inggih sampun netepaken tata cara ingkang sampun kaserat wonten ing agenda 21 lan mawi pendhekatan lingkungan saking wontenipun ''urbanisme''<ref name="diosoufre"/>. Kitha punika sampun pinaringan label ''Energi Wekdal Ngajeng'' ing sapérangan wekdal déning eco-label saking taun [[2009]]-[[2011]], label ènergi ingkang terus lumampah ing taun taun 2009<ref name="diosoufre"/>. Wiwit taun [[1998]], pasisir Le Havre inggih nampi saben taunipun gendéra biru minangka tandha matur nuwun dhateng sadaya fasilitas ingkang sampun dipunsamektakaken dhateng kitha punika ingkang dipundawakaken ngantos 3000 m2<ref name="pavillon">{{lien web|url=http://lehavre.fr/actualites/la-plage-du-havre-de-nouveau-certifiee-pavillon-bleu|titre=La plage du Havre denouveau certifiée Pavillon bleu|dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719061422/http://lehavre.fr/actualites/la-plage-du-havre-de-nouveau-certifiee-pavillon-bleu |date=2012-07-19 }}</ref>. Le Havre ugi sampun damel lahan ijem ingkang ambanipun dumugi ({{unit | 750 | acre}} utawi 41 m2 saben kapita, déné kalih siti ijem ingkang paling ageng inggih punika wonten ing [[alas Montgeon]] lan [[Taman Roulles]], ingkang kekalihipun mapan wonten ing kitha nginggil<ref name="pavillon"/>. Taman-taman [[Abbey Graville|Priory Graville]] lan [[taman gantung (Le Havre)|Hanging Gardens]] ugi nyamektakaken pemandhangan kitha pérangan ngandhap ingkang ugi saé<ref name="pavillon"/>. Ing punjering kitha Le Havre piyambak, [[alun-alun Saint-Roch]] lan [[taman bale kitha]] Le Havre ugi nyamektakaken satunggaling papan kanggé piknik ing laladan kitha<ref name="pavillon"/>. Ekosistem ''miscellaneous'' ingkang dipunwakili déning wontenipun taman pasisir Le Havre lan taman Hauser (guwa Hauser)<ref name="rapport"/>. Ing pungkasanipun, sèt [[Dollemard]] inggih dipundadosaken minangka laladan sènsitip ing nagara alam utawi ''Sensitive in Country Natural Area'' nalika taun [[2001]] kanggé njagi postur lan konstruk ékosistem dindhing tebing jurang<ref name="rapport"/>. Déné ing sak pinggiring margi inggih dipunkiteri déning manéka warna jinis wit-witan ingkang béda-béda ingkang ngantos 150 ''varietas'' kanthi cacahipun tuwuhan ngantos 13000 wit<ref name="biodiversité">[http://lehavre.fr/dossier/preserver-la-biodiversite-les-ecosystemes-et-les-milieux-naturels-0] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718103234/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/preserver-la-biodiversite-les-ecosystemes-et-les-milieux-naturels-0 |date=2012-07-18 }} ''Préserver la biodiversité, les écosystèmes et les milieux naturels'' (dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013)</ref>. ==Dhémografi== [[Gambar:Plan de la ville du Havre.png|thumb|right|Kitha ngandhap ing Le Havre]] Cacahipun warga ing Le Havre ing taun [[1999]] inggih kirang langkung 191.000 tiyang, ingkang daml kitha punika inggih kitha nomer kalih welas ingkang kathah pendhudhukipun ing Prancis lan kitha ingkang kathah piyambak pendhudhukipun ing [[Haute-Normandie]] (sananjan to cacahipun warga ingkang ageng ing Le Havre inggih langkung sakedhik tinimbang cacahipun warga ing [[Rouen]])<ref name="insee2009"/>. Cacahipun warga ingkang ageng pnika lajeng saged mandhap saking taun [[1975]]-[[1982]]; ingkang ing sadangunipun taun punika, indhustri ingkang wonten ing mriki sami bangkrut, lan cacahipun warga suda ngantos 18.000 tiyang<ref name="insee2009">[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/commune.asp?annee=2009&depcom=76351]|76351 Le Havre (dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013)</ref>. Ing sadangunipun taun [[1980]]-nan, cacahipun warga ing kitha punika lajeng minggah malih sanajan ta boten patos rikat sanget anggènipun mindhak<ref name="insee2009"/>. Kitha Le Havre paring watesan dhateng cacahipun warga ing taun [[1999]] inggih kirang langkung 249.000 tiyang (cacahipun warga ingkang paling ageng nomer selangkung ing Prancis) lan laladan urban inggih gadhah warga kirang langkung 297.000 tiyang<ref name="internet6">{{lien web|titre=Insee-Résultats du recensement de la population-2009-Le Havre|éditeur=INSEE|url=http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&plusieursReponses=true&zoneSearchField=HAVRE&codeZone=76701-UU2010&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher|dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Kanthi sudanipun cacahipun warga ing kitha punika ingkang dumugi 20% ing sadangunipun wekdal 20 taun, kitha Le Havre mila inggih kaangep taksih enem; kanthi cacahipun warga ugi tambah suda<ref name="insee2009"/>. Déné cacahipun warga ingkang asalipun saking ngamanca ingkang miyos wonten ing kitha punika inggih kirang langkung wonten 8.200 tiyang utawi kirang langkung 4% saking total warga ingkang wonten<ref name="insee2009"/>. Amargi wonten éwah-éwahan saking babagan [[ékonomi]] ingkang mratah kitha punika, mila jinising pakaryan ingkang wonten ing masarakat ugi lajeng ngalami éwah-éwahan ingkang ageng ing taun [[1980]] nan; ing antawisipun taun [[1982]] lan [[1999]], cacahipun tiyang kerah biru ingkang makarya suda lipet ping tiga inggih ngantos 11.000 tiyang<ref name="insee2009"/>. Ing wekdal ingkang sami, cacahipun tiyang ingkang makarya ing pabrik utawi kantor lan para profesionalis inggih mindhak ngantos 25%, ingkang sapéranganipun inggih minangka asiling dipuncipta lan dipunbangunipun [[Universitas Le Havre]]<ref>{{lien web|titre=Insee-Résultats du recensement de la population-2009-Le Havre|éditeur=INSEE|url=http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&plusieursReponses=true&zoneSearchField=HAVRE&codeZone=032-AU2010&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher|dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. ==Wisata utama== [[Gambar:Vieuxhavre1.jpg|thumb|right|Satunggaling griya sepuh ing Le Havre, ingkang sapunika dados Musée du Vieux Havre]] [[Gambar:Prieuré de graville1.jpg|thumb|right||Biara Graville, Le Havre]] [[Gambar:Church Saint-Vincent.jpg|thumb|right||Greja Saint-Vincent]] [[Gambar:Garden Saint-Roch in Le Havre (France), April 2012.JPG|thumb|right|Lapangan Saint Roch]] Le Havre inggih dados laladan ingkang dipunbom nalika Perang dunya kaping kalih. Mila kathah yasan ingkang gadhah sujarah ingkang inggil ingkang wonten lajeng sami ical amargi sami ambruk. ===Greja=== * [[Katedral Le Havre]]: Watu ingkang sepisanan ingkang kanggé yasa inggih dipunsukakaken sepisanan ing taun [[1536]]<ref name="katedral">[http://www.lrb.co.uk/v25/n03/sain01_.html In Le Havre](dipunundhuh tanggal 22 April 2013)</ref>. Punika inggih minangka papan panggènipun [[biskop]] ing Le Havre<ref name="internet7"/>. * [[Greja St. Joseph, Le Havre]], salah satunggaling simbul kitha ingkang paling misuwur<ref name="internet7"/>. Beltower inggih kalebet salah satunggaling menara ingkang paling inggil ing Prancis, minggah inggih dhuwuripun ngantos 107 mèter. Menara punika inggih dipunrancang déning [[Auguste Perret]]<ref name="internet7"/>. * [[Gréja St. Michael]]<ref name="internet7"/> * [[Gréja St. Vincent]] [Église St. Vincent:<ref name="internet7">{{Cite web |url=http://catholique-lehavre.cef.fr/3_les_paroisses_du_diocese/3_23_sainte_therese_des_ponts_de_seine/3_23_1_images_sainte_therese_des_ponts_de_seine/Eglise%20St%20Vincent%20de%20St%20Vincent%20Cramesnil.JPG |title=Archive copy |access-date=2005-10-13 |archive-date=2005-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051013031701/http://catholique-lehavre.cef.fr/3_les_paroisses_du_diocese/3_23_sainte_therese_des_ponts_de_seine/3_23_1_images_sainte_therese_des_ponts_de_seine/Eglise%20St%20Vincent%20de%20St%20Vincent%20Cramesnil.JPG |url-status=live }}</ref> * Greja St. François [Église St. François:<ref>[http://catholique-lehavre.cef.fr/3_les_paroisses_du_diocese/3_21_saint_yves_de_la_mer/3_21_1_images_saint_yves_de_la_mer/Eglise%20St%20Fran%E7ois%20du%20Havre.JPG ]</ref> * Greja St. Anne [Église St. Anne:<ref>[http://catholique-lehavre.cef.fr/3_les_paroisses_du_diocese/3_21_saint_yves_de_la_mer/3_21_1_images_saint_yves_de_la_mer/Eglise%20Ste%20Anne%20du%20Havre.JP ]</ref> * Greja St. Marie<ref name="internet7"/> * Kapel St. Michel d'Ingouville (ingkang dipunyasa ing abad 15) [St. Michel Chapel:<ref name="internet8">{{Cite web |url=http://catholique-lehavre.cef.fr/3_les_paroisses_du_diocese/3_21_saint_yves_de_la_mer/3_21_1_images_saint_yves_de_la_mer/Chapelle%20St%20Michel%20d%27Ingouville%20au%20Havre.JPG |title=Archive copy |access-date=2006-07-23 |archive-date=2006-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060723132710/http://catholique-lehavre.cef.fr/3_les_paroisses_du_diocese/3_21_saint_yves_de_la_mer/3_21_1_images_saint_yves_de_la_mer/Chapelle%20St%20Michel%20d%27Ingouville%20au%20Havre.JPG |url-status=live }}</ref> * Biara Graville, satunggaling biara ingkang dipunyasa kanggé ngurmati Sainte Honorine, ingkang dipuntetepaken ing lebet dhasar ing pinggiring lor kali Seine<ref name="internet8"/>. * Greja Presbyterian Reformasi (''Église Réformée''), ''47 rue Anatole France'' ingkang dipunyasa ing taun [[1857]], lajeng dipunbom ing taun [[1941]]m lan payon saha langit-langit gréja dipunyasa malih ing taun [[1953]] déning kalih arsitèk kantor ingkang misuwur inggih punika Auguste Perret: [[Jacques Lamy]] lan [[Gérard Dupasquier]]<ref name="internet8"/>. Namung satunggal yasan ing kitha punika ingkang dipunanggep saé: yasan kina lan arsitèk sekolah Perret ingkang énggal ingkang dipunyasa ing wekdal ingkang sami<ref name="internet8"/>. Kantor sucinipun inggih bikak saben dinten Minggu enjing jam 10.30<ref name="internet8"/>. ===Musèum=== *[[Musèum des Beaux-Arts André Malraux]]: musiyum punika gadhah satunggaling koleksi kagunan ingkang dipunkempalaken wiwit abad kaping gangsal, ingkang kapérang saking; lukisan-lukisan ingkang impresionis inggih ingkang paling amba bangunanipun ing Prancis sasampunipun [[Museum Orsay]] ing Paris<ref name="buku8"/>. Ing mriki wonten lukisan-lukisan karyanipun [[Claude Monet]] lan pelukis sanèsipun ingkang dumunung saha makarya wonten ing laladan [[Normandia]]<ref name="buku8"/>. Sapérangan lukisan sanèsipun inggih kagunganipun [[Eugène Boudin]], [[Eugène Delacroix]], [[Gustave Courbet]], [[Edgar Degas]], [[Édouard Manet]], [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], [[Georges Seurat]], [[Raoul Dufy]], lan [[Alfred Sisley]]<ref name="buku8"/>. Salah satunggaling bandha ingkang paling énggal dipuntumbas déning pihak musiyum inggih punika ''Vague, par temps d'orage'' déning Gustava Courbet. Koleksinipun Oliver Senn ([[1864]]-[[1959]]), dipunparingaken dhateng musiyum punika ing taun [[2004]], ingkang ngewrat langkung saking 205 lukisan<ref name="buku8"/>. * Musèum du Vieux Havre<ref name="buku8"/> * Musèum d'histoire naturelle (''Museum of Natural History'')<ref name="buku8"/>. Musèum punika inggih risak amargi wonten perang dunya kaping kalih<ref name="buku8"/>. Museum Natural History punika inggih madeg wonten ing dhaéreh tilas pengadila Le Havre ingkang dipunbangung ing tengahing abad kaping wolulas, ingkang rai ngajeng lan undhak-undhakanipun ingkang monumental kadhaptar dados tandha tilas sujarah<ref name="buku8"/>. Kolèksi musèum ingkang wonten ing dipunrekonstruksi malih sasampunipun geni ngrisak yasan punika ing taun [[1944]] nalika kitha punika nembé dipunbom<ref name="buku8"/>. Museum punika dipunyasa déning pihak kitha ing taun 1838; ingkang nawaraken bab [[mineralogi]], [[zologi]], [[ornotologi]], [[paleontologi]], lan departemèn pra sujarah, saha koleksi lukisan purwaning abad kaping sangalas déning naturalis lokal lan ugi wisatawan [[Charles-Alexandre Lesueur]] (1778-1846)<ref name="buku8"/>. Musèum punika dipunremuk malih kanthi dipunbom saking nginggil ing tanggal [[5 September]] [[1944]]<ref name="buku8"/>. Perpustakaanipun ical, samanten ugi koleksinipun ingkang wonten ingkang kapérang saking asiling fotografi, pirantos spésimèn kawruh ingkang langka lan arsip<ref name="buku8"/>. Mineral lan koleksi géologi ingkang wonten ugi remuk, kalebet ugi koleksi spésimèn langka spésimèn mineral lokal Normandia<ref name="buku8"/>. Anggènipun ngancuraken musiyum punika inggih kiyat sanget, bilih ngantos sadaya katalog, pratélan sumbangan, pratélan asiling bandha ingkang dipuntumbas lan arsip sanèsipun dipuncegah ngantos inventaris ingkag leres saking sadayanipun ugi ical.<ref name="buku8">“Koleksi Musèum Biologi sadèrèngipun kènging memala ing tanggal 5 Septembre 1944.” Buletin ''Géological Society of Normandia and Frinds of Museum Le Havre''. Volume 40. 1936-1950. Kaca 12, 17, 22.</ref> ===Sanèsipun=== * ''The Shipowner home'' (dipunyasa ing abad kaping 18)<ref name="buku8"/>. * ''The former tribunal'' (dipunyasa ing abad kaping 18)<ref name="buku8"/>. * ''The town Hall'': [[Bell tower|belfry]] modhèren ingkang ngewrat kantor-kantor ing lebetipun<ref name="buku8"/>. * ''Tha "Volcan"'', punjer budaya ingkang dipunyasa déning [[Oscar Niemeyer]]<ref name="buku8"/>. * Taman Jepang<ref name="buku8"/>. ==Transportasi== [[Gambar:Gare du havre2.JPG|thumb|[[Gare du Havre]].]] Le Havre ugi sampun ngginakaken kekiyatan saking kaanan pasisirnipun kanthi radi saé, anangin tetep kémawon laladan punika ugi tetep kalebet laladan ingkang radi dipunisolasi<ref name="réseaux"/>. Perkawis punika ingkang ndadosaken para tiyang ingkang sami netepaken kawicaksanan (déné sapernagan ageng inggih minangka kamar dagang lan indhustri Le Havre) sampun ningkataken akses kitha lan margi dhateng palabuhan saking jalur [[Prancis tol A131|A131]] ([[Éropah Route 5|E05]]) ingkang ngubungaken Le Havre dhateng [[A13 (Prancis)|A13]] (margi tol Normandi) déning wontenipun [[Kreteg Tancarville]]<ref name="réseaux"/>. Lan wekdal ingkang dipunbetahaken dhateng kitha inggih satunggal jam saking [[Rouen]] lan sepalih jam saking [[Île-de-France]]<ref name="réseaux"/>. Ing wekdal tembe pungkur punika, margi ageng [[Prancis A29|A29]] ([[E44]], margi ageng muara) ngubungaken Le Havre aglomerasi ing sisih lor Prancis lan dipunpungkasi ing [[Pont de Normandie]], ingkng lajeng mapanaken [[Amiens]] ing sisih wétan radi lor ngantos dangunipun kalih jam lan [[Caen]] (saking kidul tumuju kulon]] ing satunggaling wekdal tartamtu<ref name="réseaux"/>. Le Havre sampun ngrembaka kanthi saé saking margi nasional ingkang dipunyasa, jalur sepur lan udaranipun (ingkang kabukti kanthi wontenipun Papan Anggegana Octeville ing Le Havre) lan saged dumugi kitha Paris namung kanthi wekdal kalih jam nitih sepur kanthi pikantuk layanan ingkang rikat dhateng ''[[Gare du Havre]]''<ref name="réseaux">{{lien web|url=http://www.havre-developpement.com/havre_reseauxcommunication.asp|éditor=Le Havre|dipunundhuh tanggal=20/07/2012|titre=Réseaux de communication}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807001418/http://www.havre-developpement.com/havre_reseauxcommunication.asp |date=2013-08-07 }}</ref>. Transportasi lokalipun inggih dhedhasar jaringan bis ingkang wiyar lan wiwit sasi [[Dhésèmber]] [[2012]] sampun wonten jaringan trem<ref name="réseaux"/>. Satunggaling layanan kapal feri dhateng [[Portsmouth]] ing [[Inggris]] ugi lumampah kanthi saé saking terminal ''de la Citadelle''<ref name="réseaux"/>. Layanan punika inggih dipunoperasikaken déning ''LD Lines''<ref name="réseaux"/>. Dangunipun wekdal kanggé nyebrang inggih saking gangsal setengah jam dumugi wolung jam.<ref name="internet9">{{cite web|url=http://ldlines.co.uk/timetables/le-havre-portsmouth |title=Le Havre Portsmouth Timetables &#124; Cross Channel Ferry |publisher=LD Lines |date= |dipunundhuh tanggal=2013-04-21}}</ref> Jalur alternatif ingkang dipunremeni déning masarakat dhateng laladan-laladan ingkang caket kaliyan LE Havre inggih nglimputi [[Newhaven, East Sussex|Newhaven]] tumuju dhateng [[Dieppe, Seine-Maritime|Dieppe]], lan [[Poole]] tumuj dhateng [[Cherbourg]]<ref name="tgv">[http://lehavre.fr/dossier/le-havre-metropole-davenir-0] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718134027/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/le-havre-metropole-davenir-0 |date=2012-07-18 }}''Le Havre, métropole d'avenir''(dipunundhuh tanggal=21/04/2013)</ref>. Plabuhan Le Havre inggih minangka palabuhan laut wonten ing toya ingkang paling ageng wonten ing Prancis<ref name="réseaux"/>. Koneksi kapal feri ingkang lintas laladan sesambunganipun kaliyan [[Portsmouth]] ing sisih kidul [[Inggris]] déning [[P & O Ferries]] inggih mandheg ing tanggal [[30 September]] [[2005]] ingkang badhé dipunpendhet déning [[LD Lines]] ingkang sampun ngalami éwah-éwahan ing konfigurasinipun<ref name="réseaux"/>. Kalih link dhateng Portsmouth punika inggih dipunsamektakaken saben dinten<ref name="réseaux"/>. Déné link dhateng pulo [[Irlandia]] inggih sampun dipunpindhah dhateng purwakaning palabuhan Cherbourg<ref name="réseaux"/>. [[Gambar:Ferry Le Havre 2007.jpg|thumb|Ferry ([[LD Lines]]) dans le port du Havre.]] Jaringan sepur ugi ngrembaka kanthi saé ing kitha Le Havre. Kanthi makaten, [[Regional Express Transport|TER]] sampun dipundamel langkung modhèren kanthi dipundamel garis [[Lizard laladan express|LER]] ing taun [[2001]] lan saged nindakaken sesambungan langsung kaliyan [[Fécamp]] ing taun [[2005]]<ref name="réseaux"/>. Tigang welas mobil coral utawi kreta coral saking [[Paris-Le Havre]] inggih nglayani dhateng stasiun-stasiun sanèsipun kados ta [[Stasiun Breaute-Honfleur|Honfleur-Breaute]], [[Yvetot Station|Yvetot]] [[Gare de Rouen-Rive Droite-|Rouen]], lan saking [[Gare de Paris-Saint-Lazare|Saint Lazare]]<ref name="réseaux"/>. Kajawi punika, [[TGV]] ugi paring layanan saben dintenipun ing Le Havre, ingkang ngubungaken kitha Le Havre dhateng kitha [[Marseille]]<ref name="réseaux"/>. Wiwit sasi [[Dhésèmber]] [[2004]] stasiun paring layanan dhateng Rouen, [[Gare de Mantes-la-Jolie | Mantes-la-Jolie] ], [[Gare de Versailles-Chantiers|Versailles]], [[Massy-Palaiseau|Massy]], [[Gare de Lyon Part Dieu|Part-Dieu]], [[Gare d'Avignon TGV|Avignon]], [[Aix-en-Provence stasiun TGV|Aix-en-Provence]], lan saking [[Gare de Marseille Saint-Charles|St Charles]]<ref name="réseaux"/>. Ing taun [[2002]], link TGV dhateng Paris saged katingal ing [[Grand Paris]] lan mapanaken Le Havre udakawis satunggal jam langkung sak pro sekawan saking kutha krajan kaliyan stasiun terminal baru Pertahanan<ref name="tgv"/>. Boten wonten jalur sepur ingkang kanthi langsung saged ngubungaken kitha satunggal dhateng papan sanèsipun<ref name="réseaux"/>. Nanging, Le Havre [[Caen]], gadhah kathah proyek kanggé nyamektakaken jalur punika inggih ingkang misuwur kanthi sebutan "garis kidul mangulon", ingkang saged ngubungaken kitha Le Havre tumuju dhateng bank sisih kering ing pérangan kali Seine paling ngandhap saking Rouen, celak kaliyan muara kali, ingkang nembé dipunsinaoni ing sepalih wekdal kaping sangalas lan ing purwakaning kalih dasa, nanging malah punika boten wonten ingkang saged ipuntindakaken amargi kirangipun pepenginan ing babagan pulitik lan minangka asiling prahara saking wontenipun pihak oposiis ingkang kiyat sanget inga pamaréntahan saking otoritas palabuhan Rouen<ref name="réseaux"/>. Déné manawi badhé ngginakaken angkudan umum, saéngga wisatawan saged nelasaken kitha Rouen mawi sepur utawi bis ingkang ngginakaken baris ingkang cacahipun kalih dasa saking bis ingkang ijem. Pelatih klawu dhateng [[Etretat]] lan [[Fécamp]] lan [[Veolia Transportasi Normandy Inter-perkotaan|VTNI]] kanggé ancas tindakan dhateng lembah Seine lan Roune ugi nyamektakaken layanan ing antawisipun kitah satunggal lan kitha sanèsipun kanthi ngginakaken nama [[Departemèn Umum (Prancis)]] saking [[Seine-Maritime]]<ref name="tgv"/>. Ing pungkasanipun, perusahaan [[AirPlus]] inggih nyamektakaken angkudan tumuju dhateng stasiun sepur lan papan anggegana Paris<ref name="tgv"/>. Kanggé transportasi jalur udara, kitha punika gadhah [[Le Havre Octeville Airport]] ingkang mapan tebihipun 5&nbsp;km saking sisih lor ngantos kulon saking Havre wonten ing Prancis umum saking [[Octeville-sur-Mer]], ingkang dipunkelola déning [[CODAH]]<ref name="Rapport2007"/>. Ing taun [[2007]], cacahipun tiyang ingkang ngginakaken montor mabur kelas bisnis, montor mabur kelas komersial, lan boten komersial inggih ngalami indhak-indhakan<ref name="Rapport2007">[http://havre.cci.fr/site/haut/menu_principal/la_chambre_de_commerce_et_d_industrie/notre_rapport_d_activite_2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110223194408/http://havre.cci.fr/site/haut/menu_principal/la_chambre_de_commerce_et_d_industrie/notre_rapport_d_activite_2007 |date=2011-02-23 }} ''Rapport d'activité 2007'' (dipunundhuh=21/04/2013)</ref>. Ancas ingkang paling wigati inggih punika kanggé ''paltform korespondensi'' saking [[Lyon Saint-Exupéry|Lyon]]<ref name="Rapport2007"/>. Kathah papan ingkang asring dipuntuju saben mangsa prèinan ingkang dipuntawaraken inggih punika dhateng [[Tunisia]], [[Baléares]], [[Portugal]], [[Yunani]], [[Bulgaria]], lan sapanunggalanipun<ref name="Rapport2007"/>. Mawi agen lelampahan lokal inggih saged mawi montor mabur ingkang dipunsewa piyambakan<ref name="Rapport2007"/>. Kanthi wontenipun dhamé kaliyan [[Deauville]] mila lajeng nembé dipuntimbang-timbang kanggé damel punjering papan kanggé latiyan mabur lingkup regional ingkang langkung kiyat<ref name="Rapport2007"/>. Papan Anggegana punika inggih ingkang asring dipunsebut "Le Havre / Deauville"<ref name="Rapport2007"/>. ===Transportasi ing Kitha=== [[Gambar:Mercedes Citaro n°502 LiA - Grand Hameau.JPG|thumb|[[Mercedes-Benz Citaro]]]] [[Gambar:Alstom Citadis 302 n°010 LiA - Hôtel de Ville.JPG|thumb|[[Tramway ing Havre]].]] Kitha lan wewengkon ing metropolitan gadhah jaringan transportasi ingkang padhet<ref name="Rapport2007"/>. Perkawis punika ingkang lajeng mangsuli pitakèn, punapa kitha punika naté lèrèn, punapa malih kanthi wontenipun kitha ngandhap lan kitha nginggil<ref name="Rapport2007"/>. Kalih kitha punika anggènipun sami gayutan kedah mawi transportasi ingkang dipunhubungaken déning wontenipun margi ingkang dawa, lajeng dalanipun kathah ingkang punikak, kathah undhak-undhaknipun, wonten ''tram kabel Havre'' lan ing pungkasanipun wonten trowongan Jenner<ref name="Rapport2007"/>. Jaringan transportasi umum ingakng wonten ing komunitas aglomerasi LE Havre utawi ''CODAH'' inggih dipunsebat "Lia" ingkang dipunoperasikaken déning Perusahaan Angkudan saking gerbang laut inggih punika CPTO, anak perusahaan saking [[Veolia Trasportasi]]<ref name="LIA">[http://www.transports-lia.fr/presentation/index.asp?rub_code=36&thm_id=20&gpl_id=|titre=Qui sommes-nous ?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603104726/http://www.transports-lia.fr/presentation/index.asp?rub_code=36&thm_id=20&gpl_id=%7Ctitre=Qui |date=2015-06-03 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal=22/04/2013)</ref>. Nalika jaringan bis dipundandosi ing taun [[2008]], lajeng saged mbiyantu mesthekaken layanan ingkang langkung saé malih kanggé sadaya kitha ingkang wonten ing wewengkon metropolitan<ref name="LIA"/>. CPTO punika ngoperasikaken jaringan bis ingkang kapérang saking 19 larik jalut kitha reguler lan enem larik ing pérangan dalu ingkang sok diarani bis wengi<ref name="LIA"/>. Aglomérasi wonten ing Le Havre inggih dipunlayani déning 165 kendharaan lan 41 jalur bis reguler ingkang saben dintenipun rata-rata saged ngangkud penumpang cacahipun 100.00 tiyang<ref name="LIA"/>. Wiwit sasi [[Januari]] 2011, agen transportasi punika nawaraken layanan antar jemput reguler mliginipun kanggé laladan indhustri lan palabuhan Le Havre, saéngga saged nambah layanan VTNI mawi ''Trans Estuaire''<ref name="réseaux"/> Kanthi wontenipun tram kabel havre ingkang dipunyasa wiwit taun [[1890]] mila lajeng saged damel mungkin wontenipun sesambungan ing antawisipun kitha nginggil dhateng kitha ingkang langkung andhap kanthi wekdal namung sekawan menit mawi kabin ingkang dipungèrèk<ref name="guide">{{lien web|url=http://lehavre.fr/guidemobilite/|titre=Guide de la mobilité 2011|éditeur=Ville du Havre|dipunundhuh tanggal=22/04/2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116201521/http://lehavre.fr/guidemobilite/ |date=2014-01-16 }}</ref>. Kanthi wekdal langkung saking 75 taun, Le Havre sampun gadhah jaringan trem saking Prancis ingkang paling wiyar lan paling modhèren<ref name="guide"/>. Déné ing wekdal punika, masarakat ing laladan kitha sampun ngupiya kanggé ngrembakakaken pasokan transportasi ing laladan kitha<ref name="guide"/>. Solusi saking rel trem inggih ingkang dipunpilih kanggé ngrampungaken prakawis ingkang wonten<ref name="guide"/>. Rel trem punika wiwit sepisanan mlebet ing layanan inggih ing tanggal [[12 Dhésèmber]] 2012 lan gadhah 23 stasiun ing total dawanipun margi 13&nbsp;km<ref name=chiffres_tram>{{lien web|url=http://www.tramway-agglo-lehavre.fr/le-tramway-arrive/le-tramway-en-chiffres|dipunundhuh tanggal=20/07/2012|titre=Les chiffres-clés|éditeur=Le site du tramway de l'agglomération du Havre}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523191046/http://www.tramway-agglo-lehavre.fr/le-tramway-arrive/le-tramway-en-chiffres |date=2010-05-23 }}</ref>. Larik ingkang sepisanan ingih ngubungaken pasisir tumuju dhateng stasiun, cacahipun laladan ing pérangan kitha nginggil kaliyan trowongan énggal, celak kaliyan [[trowongan Jenner]], kanggé mérang dados kalih, inggih ingkang setungga arah tumuju dhateng [[Mont-Gaillard]], déné arah ingkang sanèsipun inggih tumuju dhateng [[Caucriauville]]<ref name=chiffres_tram/>. Satunggaling laring ingkang nomer kalih, inggih wonten ing sak ngandhaping panaliten kanggé mecahaken prakawis wontenipun titik bosen saking jalur bis 2 lan kanggé ugi nglayani masarakat pinggiran sisih kidul<ref name=chiffres_tram/>. Ing pungkasanipun, aglomerasi ing Le Havre wiwit taun [[2001]] gadhah [[Lizard 'Regional Express|LER]], larik [[Regional Express Transport|TER]] ing antawisipun [[Gare du Havre]] kanggé [[Rolleville]] saking gangsal stasiun sepur ing kitha sanèsipun<ref name=chiffres_tram/>. ====Transportasi pribadi==== Wiwit taun [[2005]], sampun dipunrembakakaken wontenipun dalan mirunggan kanggé pit onthèl ingkang proyek punika sampun sami mundhak, kalebet wontenipun koneksi utawi sesambungan dhateng [[Greenway]], déné ingkang dipunjanjikaken inggih gadhah jaringan ingkang kiyat lan kanthi kualitas ingkang saé<ref name="rapport"/>. Ing antawisipun taun [[2007]] lan [[2011]], total dawanipun jalur pit onthèl ingkang dipundamel inggih sampun lipet ping kathah inggih ngantos 46 [[km]] total dawanipun margi<ref name="rapport">{{lien web|url=http://lehavre.fr/dossier/lutter-contre-le-changement-climatique-0/|titre=Rapport annuel du développement durable de la ville du Havre 2010-2011|éditeur=Ville du Havre|dipunundhuh tanggal=22/04/2013|format=pdf}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718010548/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/lutter-contre-le-changement-climatique-0 |date=2012-07-18 }}</ref>. Awit saking punika, pramila tiyang badhé langkung gampil kanggé nyéwa pit onthèl ing badan-badan ''océane'' bis utawi (Vél-H) ugi dipunsarujuki kanggé dipunampil<ref name="guide"/>. Kanggé paring wara-wara bab panyaruwé supados masarakat sami ngginakaken pit onthel ing kitha, mila wonten pakempal pit onthel ingkang asring nyadé pit sabine ingkang dipun-ginakaken kanggé tindak-tindak ing laladan kitha<ref name="guide"/>. Satunggaling golongan kanthi nama ''LH-Velorution'' ngupiya wiwit purwakaning taun 2012 kanggé ningkataken kasadharanipun masarakat supados sami ngginakaken pit onthèl kanggé tindakan ing laladan kitha lan ugi kanggé nengenaken bab polusi ingkang saweg dados prakawis ing laladan kitha lan ugi wontenipun implementasi kirang saé saking fasilitas ingkang dipunsamektakaken ing pit onthel piyambak<ref>{{lien web|url=http://lh-velorution.fr/|titre=Site LH-Vélorution}}</ref>. Ing pungkasanipun, namung 140 taksi ingkang dipunoperasikaken wonten ing Le Havre lan kanggé nglayani namung 25 stasiun <ref>''Océanes Le Havre'', n°156, mai 2012, kaca 14</ref>. ==Tata ruwang kitha ing Le Havre== ===Kitha Ngandhap=== ====Kitha dipunyasa malih sasampunipun taun 1945==== [[Gambar:Plan de la ville du Havre.png|thumb|Peta Le Havre lan punjering kitha ingkang dipunyasa malih sasampunipun [[Perang mondiale]]]] Sapérangan ageng kitha punika inggih sampun remuk ing sadangunipun wonten Perang Dunya kaping kalih. Kitha punika dipunyasa malih jumbuh kaliyan pangangen-angen bengkelipun [[Auguste Perret]] ing antawisipun taun [[1945]] lan [[1964]]<ref name="unesco"/>. Namung [[Hotèl Le Havre]] lan [[Greja St Joseph]] ing Le Havre ingkang dhuwuripun dipunrancang ngantos 107 mèter déning arsitèk Auguste Perret<ref name="unesco"/>. Piyambakipiun lajeng dhateng kanggé muji asiling pakaryan kanggé yasa malih yasan punika, lan déning [[UNESCO]]lajeng kitha ngandhap ingkang dipunrekonstruksi malih punika inggih wonten ing punjering kitha Le Havre punika ing tanggal [[15 Juli]] [[2005]] saged mlebet [[Pratélan Warisan Dunya]]<ref name="unesco">{{lien web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1181/|titre=Le Havre, la ville reconstruite par Auguste Perret|éditeur=UNESCO|dipunundhuh tanggal=23/04/2013}}</ref>. Ruangan punika inggih ingkang gadhah amba ngantos 133 hèktar inggih minangka situs kontemporèr ingkang kacathet wonten ing [[Éropah]]<ref name="unesco"/>. Arsitèktur laladan punika inggih dipuntandhani déning dipun-ginakakenipun [[beton]], pre pabrikasi, tata cara urutan ngginakaken kerangka modular ingkang dawanipun 6,24 mèter lan garis jejeg<ref name="unesco"/>{{,}}<ref name="Letélié31">Isabelle Letélié, ''Le Havre, itinéraires insolites'', Louviers, Ysec éditions, 2010, kaca 31</ref>. Karya arsitèktur sanèèsipun ingkang ugi misuwur inggih punika punjering griya budaya ing Le Havre, ingkang dipunyasa malih ing taun [[1982]] déning arsitèk saking [[Brasil]] inggih punika [[Oscar Niemeyer]] lan salajengipun dipunsebut ''volcano'' awit saking wujudipun yasan ingkang kados gunung geni<ref name="Letélié32">Isabelle Letélié, ''Le Havre, itinéraires insolites'', Louviers, Ysec éditions, 2010, kaca 32</ref>. Ing taun [[2012]], yasan punika inggih nembé dipundandosi malih lan ing sak njawining ruangan ugi nembé dipunéwah-éwahi kanthi langkung tumemen lan sampun dipunsarujuki déning arsitèk ingkang yasa yasan punika ugi kanthi damel papan ingkang langkung kebikak ingkang radi ageng dhateng sak njawining plaza<ref name="Letélié32"/> Ing sakiteripun Notre Dame lan Perrey ugi sampun dipun-ginakaken masarakat minangka papan dumunungipun warga<ref name="Letélié32"/>. ''The Halles'' inggih minangka salah satunggaling punjering kitha ingkang radi komersil<ref name="Letélié32"/>. Wondéné [[dhistrik Saint-François]], ugi sampun dipunyasa malih sasampunipun taun 1945, nanging kanthi wujud gaya arsitèktur ingkang béda kanthi sampun ngalami éwah-éwahan ingkang kathah, lan yasan saking watu bata punika gadhah payon ingkang lancip wonten ing ''slate''. Punika inggih kalebet laladan lingkungan rumah makan lan pasar iwak<ref name="Letélié32"/>. ====Lingkungan saking kitha ingkang langkung tuwa==== [[Gambar:Church Saint-Vincent.jpg|thumb|Palataran Greja Saint Vincent]] Saking sisih wétan tumuju sisih lor kitha ngandhap punika sampun dipunyasa malih sapérangan laladan ingkang sampun tuwa kahananipun inggih ingkang nglimputi lingkungan Danton, Saint Vincent, Graville, Massillon, lan sapanunggalanipun<ref name="renovation"/>. Bejanipun, yasan punika inggih saged luput saking amuking bom ing perang dunya kaping kalih<ref name="renovation"/>. Toko-toko ingkang jumèjèr jèjèr wonten ing sapérangan titik margi utama ing lingkungan sakitering bunderan kitha inggih padatanipun dipundamel saking watu bata, mila bangunanipun inggih radi kiyat<ref name="renovation"/>. Nanging, ing salebeting taun [[1990]] nan lan [[2000]] nan, lingkungan punika inggih sampun dados proyèk yasan ingkang badhé dipunyasa malih kanthi béya ingkang ageng, mliginipun kanthi wontenipun OPAH kanggé ndandosi griya ingkang sampun sepuh yuswanipun dhedhasar rehabilitasi ing kitha utawi rekonstruksi kitha ingkang wonten, lajeng dipunyasa ugi fasilitas publik ingkang taksih kirang dipunjangkepi, ugi dipundandosi malih bab tata cara lumakunipun bisnis ingkang kadadosan ing kitha punika<ref name="renovation">{{lien web|url=http://lehavre.fr/dossier/un-centre-ancien-en-cours-de-renovation-0|éditeur=Ville du Havre|titre=Un centre ancien en cours de rénovation|dipunundhuh tanggal=23/04/2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718021250/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/un-centre-ancien-en-cours-de-renovation-0 |date=2012-07-18 }}</ref>. Ing pungkasanipun abad 20 lan ing purwakaning abad 21, stasiun kabupatèn inggih sampun ngalami éwah-éwahan ingkang ageng<ref name="renovation"/>. Panci leres, sajatosipun stasiun kabupatèn inggih minangka lawang gerbang manawi badhé tumuju dhateng kitha ingkang sami badhé kepanggih wonten ing papan punika lan ugi kanthi wontenipun stasiun sepur ing kitha punika<ref name="internet 10"/>. Yasan-yasan ènggal ingkang sampun sami dipunyasa ing wekdal pungkasan punika inggih kados ta [[Universitas Le Havre]], konservatorium, markas saking SPB (''Society Provident Bank'') lan ''General Transatlantic Managemen'', hotèl matmut, ingkang ènggal inggih punika kanthi sebatan CCI, ingkang sapèrangan ageng saking yasan punika inggih dipunrancang déning arsitèk ingkang sampun misuwur<ref name="internet 10"/>. Stasiun bis, NF, inggih sampun gadhah sertifikat lan wiwit taun [[2005]] stasiun punika inggih ugi sampun dipundandosi malih<ref name="internet 10"/>. Ing sisih loripun stasiun, wonten proyèk sanèsipun inggih punika kanthi wontenipun ''real estate'' ingkang dipunyasa ing siti tilas papan ingkang sampun bobrok tumemen ing pulo Turgot, Magellan ingkang badhé dipunwedalaken lan dipunkepyakaken ing taun [[2013]] punika kalebet kantor kanthi amba 12.500 m2 lan ugi hotèl kanthi tingkat wolu ingkang sampun jangkep kaliyan wontenipun toko-toko ingkang pating jlèntrèk jumèjèr ing tingkat paling ngandhap yasan punika<ref name="internet 10">{{lien web|url=http://www.paumier-architectes.fr/projets/turgot-magellan/#|titre=Ilot Turgot Magellan par le cabinet d'architectes Paumier|3=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516043003/http://www.paumier-architectes.fr/projets/turgot-magellan/ |date=2013-05-16 }}</ref>. ====Distrik-dhistrik ing sisih kidul==== [[Gambar:Docks Vauban au Havre.jpg|thumb| Laladan komersial [[Docks Vauban]], 2009, sisih pérangan kidul]] Distrik-dhistrik ingkang mapan wonten ing sisih kidul saking kitha Le Havre punika inggih dipuntandhani kanthi wontenipun kegiyatan indhustri lan palabuhan<ref name="sciencespo"/>. Wonten set bata saking set watu bat ingkang ageng ing Chicago, kitha tenaga makarya, usaha alit, gudhang, dermaga lan fasilitas palabuhan, utawi infrastruktur transportasi<ref name="sciencespo"/>. Distrik-dhistrik ing pérangan sisih kidul ing sadangunipun mapinten-pinten taun ingkang sampun ngalami éwah-éwahan ingkang ageng kanthi surung pambiyantu béya saking Éropah<ref name="sciencespo"/>. Kegiyatan punika lajeng dipunrembakakaken maih kegiyatan ingkang tersier ingkang sampun langkung rumiyin dipunlirwakaken déning kegiyatan indhustri<ref name="sciencespo"/>. Kanthi makaten, dermaga punika saèstu saged dados punjering papan ulah raga lan wontn ing adicara [[Dock Océane]], ing punjering papan kanggé blanja ing [[Docks Vauban]] lan ugi paméran [[Docks Café]]<ref name="sciencespo"/>. [[Les Bains des Docks]] dipunrancang déning arsitèk [[Jean Nouvel]]<ref name="sciencespo"/>. Ing pungkasanipun taun 2012, mahasiswa saking Ilmpu Pulitik Éropah Asia lan INSA ingkang sampun kagabung dados yasan énggal ing sandhingipum Institut Tinggi Studi Logistik lan ENSM mangsa sangajengipun (''École Nationale Supérieure Maritime'')<ref name="sciencespo">{{lien web|url=http://lehavre.fr/dossier/science-po-et-l-insa-institut-national-des-sciences-appliquees-codah-0|éditeur=Sciences Po et l'INSA|titre=Parcs et jardins de la ville du Havre|dipunundhuh tanggal=23/04/2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718113240/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/science-po-et-l-insa-institut-national-des-sciences-appliquees-codah-0 |date=2012-07-18 }}</ref>. Punjering papan medis ingkang énggal ingsakitering griya sakit énggal ingkang wonten ing Prancis, inggih punika ''des Ormeaux'' ingkang dipunyasa ing sakiteripun lingkungan wonten ing pundi kathah griya ingkang ugi badhé dipunyasa malih kanggé ancas badhé dipunpromosikaken ing ancas campuran sosial<ref name="Gras238"/>. Kitha Cité de la Mer lan pangyasa ingkang badhé terus-terusan dipunyasa ingkng badhé dipunadani ing sakitering menaralogam ingkang dhuwuripun satus mèter ingkang dipunrancang déning [[Jean Nouvel]]<ref name="Gras238"/>. Proyek punika lajeng dipunmandhegaken ing taun [[2007]], nanging sampun makarya kanthi tumemen malih ingkang kedah dipunwiwiti malih ing taun [[2013]]<ref name="Gras238">{{Harvsp|Gras|2010|p=238}}</ref>. Déné pamaréntah kitha kanthi wontenipun renovasi punika lajeng pengunjung ingkang cacahipun 300.000 tiyang saben taunipun kedah dipuntarik supados boten dhateng yasan punika malih<ref name="Gras239">{{Harvsp|Gras|2010|p=239}}</ref>. ===Kitha Nginggil=== [[Gambar:Cimetiere ste marie.jpg|thumb|Pasaréyan Sainte-Maria]] Pérangan kitha nginggil inggih kapérang saking tigang pérangan, inggih punika pérangan pasisir, dhistrik pinggiran kitha ing dataran inggil, lan set perifer ingkang ageng<ref name="tetris"/>. Lingkungan ingkang wonten ing sandhingipun tebing inggih punika satunggaling komplèks griyanipun warga ingkang langkung gampil dipundamel ing pérangan sisih kulon inggih punika wonten Les Ormeaux, Rue Felix Faure lan ingkang kitha prasaja inggih wontenipun kitha St Cecilia, Aplemont<ref name="tetris"/>. Lajeng trowongan Jenner ingkang wonten ing sak ngandhaping pasisir lan ngubungaken kitha nginggil lan kitha ngandhap<ref name="tetris"/>. Ing laladan pasisir ugi kapanggih kalih wujud kitha ingkang kiyat inggih punika bènteng [[Sainte-Adresse]] lan [[Tourneville]] lan wontenipun pasaréan Sainte-Marie<ref name="tetris"/>. Kanthi ambrukipun fungsi militèr kitha, mila kitha punika kanthi sakedhik maka sakedhik lajeng dipundandosi, kados ta Fort Sainte-Adresse ingkang lajeng dipun-gantos Taman gantung Le Havre, lan ugi kanggé bètèng Tourneville ingkang dados griya utama ing taun 2013 kanggé wontenipun ''Tetris Project'', inggih punika satunggaling punjering papan kanggé latiyan musik kontemporer kanthi wontenipun gedhong konser lan studio kanggé gladhèn<ref name="tetris">{{lien web|url=http://lehavre.fr/dossier/le-fort-de-tourneville-0|éditeur=Ville du Havre|titre=Le fort de Tourneville|dipunundhuh tanggal=23/04/2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718013824/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/le-fort-de-tourneville-0 |date=2012-07-18 }}</ref>. Déné ing sisih lor dipunrembakaken wonten ing sepalih wekdal sepisanan saking abad sangalas, inggih punika dipundamel kabupatèn pinggiran kitha, kados ta [[Rouelles (Seine-Maritime)|Rouelles]], St Cecilia, Mare au Clerc [[Sanvic]], [[Bléville]] lan [[Dollemard]]<ref name="tetris"/>. Ing sisih lor radi kulon, ing antawisipun Belville lan papan anggegana Octeville, ugi wonten laladan ingkang nembé dipunyasa, inggih punika kitha Les Hauts de Belville<ref name="internet11"/>. Laladan punika inggih minangka dhistrik eco ingkang kapérang saking baku griya kanggé warga ingkang kedah gadhah kualitas lingkungan ingkang saé utawi ingkang asring dipunsebut ''High Quality Environments (HQE)'', satunggaling BIA lan sekolah ingkang kedah konversi total cacahipun 1000 dhateng laladan ing griyanipun warga<ref name="internet11">{{lien web|éditeur=Ville du Havre|url=http://www.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/dossier/index/article_id-28162/ext-1/first_article_id-28148/plus-1/topic_id-789/le-projet.html|titre=L'éco quartier « Les Hauts de Bléville »|dipunundhuh tanggal=23/04/2013}}</ref>. Laladan ing sakitering pinggiring kitha inggih saged tuwuh ing wekdal sasampunipun rampung perang<ref name="internet11"/>. Punika inggih minangka satunggaling padamelan ingkang ageng saking Caucriauville, Kayu Belville, Mont-Gaillard lan Mare-merah ingkang titik fokusipun dhatng cacahipun warga ing kitha punika kirang ngasilaken asil ingkang patos saé<ref name="internet11"/>. Ing sasi [[Oktober]] [[2004]], Badan Nasional Kitha (ANRU) inggih nindakaken renovasi ingkang dipuntapakasmani kaliyan punggawa kotamadya Le Havre kanthi asling serat kekancingan ingkang sepisanan inggih punika kanggé paring sumbang surung bab wragat kanggé yasa ulang yasan ingkang sampun tuwa umuripun ing kitha punika<ref name="internet11"/>. Serat kekancingan punika inggih saged medalaken arta sumbangan ingkang agengipun 340 yuta kanggé yasa golongan ageng ing dhistrik sisih inggil, minangka griya kanggé 41.000 tiyang<ref name="internet11"/> Sumbangan wragat punika lajeng saged mratah kanggé dipunwedalakenipun ''Grand Project de Ville (GPV)''<ref name="internet11"/>. Mila, prakawis punika ingkang saged ndadosaken langkung gampil kanggé yasa malih kitha nginggil ingkang cacahipun 1700 griya énggal<ref>Elisabeth Ridel, ''les Vikings et les mots: L'apport de l'ancien scandhinave à la langue française'', éditions errance, Paris, 2009, kaca 203-226-227-228.</ref>. ==Toponomi== Nama kitha punika inggih sampun dipunbuktèkaken ing taun [[1489]], lan ugi ing wekdal sadèrèngipun inggih sampun natè dipundhirikaken déning [[Francis I]] minangka satunggaling rahmat lan dados kitha grace<ref name="Beaurepaire-92-93"/>. Ing taun [[1516]], kalih taun sadèrèngipun sampun madeg yayasan punika kanthi resmi<ref name="Beaurepaire-92-93">François de Beaurepaire (préf. [[Marianne Mulon]]), ''Les Noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de la Seine-Maritime'', Paris, A. et J. Picard, 1979, 180 p. ({{ISBN|2-7084-0040-1}}) ({{OCLC|6403150}}), kaca 92-93</ref>. Nama ilmiah lan samantaranipun kanggé kitha p[unika inggih asalipun saking Franciscopolis<ref name="Beaurepaire-92-93" />. Kualifikasi punika mbok bilih inggih ngrujuk dhateng wontenipun kapèl bunda Maria, ingkang mapan wonten ing katedra Notre Dame ing Le Havre<ref name="Beaurepaire-92-93"/>. Katedral punika inggih gadhah nama ingkang sami kaliyan ''Our Lady Grace'' ingkang sampun kacathet minangka satunggaling kapel ing muara sanèsipun<ref name="Beaurepaire-92-93" />. ==Ulah raga== [[Gambar:Port vauban.jpg|thumb|Plabuhan Vauban.]] Kitha Le Havre inggih minangka kitha papanipun klub ulah raga ingkang paling sepuh ingkang wonten ing Prancis, inggih punika ''Le Havre Rowing Society'' ([[1839]])<ref name="internet12">{{lien web|url=http://avironlehavre.org/87+depuis-1838.html|titre=Depuis 1838|dipunundhuh tanggal=23/04/2013|éditeur=Société française de l'Aviron}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814073816/http://avironlehavre.org/87+depuis-1838.html |date=2013-08-14 }}</ref>, ''Ragatta Society of Le Havre'' (1838) lan [[Le Havre Athletic Club]] (1872), dekan klub bal-balan Prancis lan rugby<ref name="internet13">{{lien web|url=http://www.havre-developpement.com/upload/PLAQUETTENAUTISME251108BAT.pdf|titre=Plaquette Nautisme|éditeur=havredeveloppement.com|dipunundhuh tanggal=21/11/2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001232010/http://www.havre-developpement.com/upload/PLAQUETTENAUTISME251108BAT.pdf |date=2013-10-01 }}</ref>{{,}}<ref name="internet14">{{lien web|url=http://archives.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/archives/site/article_id-24045/sstopic_id-/topic_id-759/topic_parent_id-757/culture-sciences-loisirs-celebrations.html|titre=Archives municipales du Havre|éditeur=Ville du Havre|consulté le=23/04/2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708132604/http://archives.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/archives/site/article_id-24045/sstopic_id-/topic_id-759/topic_parent_id-757/culture-sciences-loisirs-celebrations.html |date=2019-07-08 }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>Coll., ''1872-1972, centenaire Havre Athletic Club'', Le Havre, HAC, 1972, kaca 19–23</ref>. Kitha punika inggih minangka papan kempalipun tim pakempalan bal-balan saking klub [[Le Havre AC]], ingkang mangsa tandhing liga taun [[2011]]-[[2012]] tandhing ing Liga kaping kalih, nomer kalih saking bal-balan Prancis<ref name="internet12"/>. Klub bal-balan punika inggih dipundhirikaken ing taun [[1872]], ingkang dadosaken klub punika dados klub bal-balan ingkang paling sepuh wonten ing pakempalan klub bal-balan ing Prancis<ref name="internet12"/>. Papan ulah raga ingkang taksih gesang ing Le Havre inggih dipundominasi déning tigang tim olahra profésional, tim bal-balan ingkang sepisanan inggih punika CDT ingkang maén tandhing ing liga 1 kanggé ing wekdal pungkasan taun [[2008]]-[[2009]] lan ing wekdal salajengipun inggih tandhing ing liga nomer kalih<ref name="internet12"/>. Papan punjering pelatiyan ingkang dipunanggep sampun maujud ing Prancis ing ranah internasional ing antawisipun inggih punika [[Vikash Dhorasoo]], [[Julien Faubert]], [[Jean-Alain Boumsong]], [[Lassana Diarra]] utawi [[Steve Mandanda]], ingkang kanthi ajeg tetep saged mlebet ing ranking sedasa ageng klub ing Prancis<ref name="internet12"/>. Tim ageng ingkang angka kalih inggih punika [[Saint Thomas Basket Le Havre|Saint-Thomas Basket]]), ingkang minangka jawara basket Pro A ing Prancis<ref name="internet12"/>. Klub punika inggih saged dados jawara lan ngrebat gelar nasionalipun ingkang sepisanan inggih wonten ing kompetisi [[Coupe de France]] ing taun [[2006]]<ref name="internet12"/>. Klub atletik rugby Le Havre ingkang minangka klub éwah-éwahan saking fédheral 3 ing liga champions Prancis (ingkang mèh sami kedhudhukanipun kaliyan divisi gangsal)<ref name="internet12"/>. Klub hoki ing Havre inggih sampun ngrembaka sanget ing tingkat nasional wonten ing urut-urutan nomer sekawan kanggé mangsa tandhing 2008-2009, mila tim punika asring dipunsebut ''Dock Le Havre''<ref>{{lien web|url=http://www.hockeyfrance.com/clubs/hockey-club-du-havre-220-42-1-77-0-.html|éditeur=FFHG|dipunundhuh tanggal=23/04/2013|titre=Présentation du club}} {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20100212071301/http://www.hockeyfrance.com/clubs/hockey-club-du-havre-220-42-1-77-0-.html |date=2010-02-12 }}</ref>. Minangka kitha maritim mila kathah kapanggih jinising ulah raga ingkang gayut kaliyan kaanan alam ingkan kados makaten, kados ta tradisi prau layar<ref name="internet12"/>. Ing tanggal [[29 Juli]] [[1840]], dipunadani tetandhingan ingkang sepisanan saking ulah raga prau layar punika<ref name="internet13"/>. Ing wekdal sapunika, Le Havre inggih sampun misuwur dados stasiun tiya lan resor<ref name="internet13"/>. Plabuhan pasisir ingkan wonten ing pasisir punika inggih dipunyasa nalika jaman taksih kadadosan perang, lan sapunika sampun dados palabuhan maritim ingkang paling ageng<ref name="Stat"/>. Cacahipun 200 ali tambahan inggih ugi sampun dipunpasang wonten ing laladan cekungan Vauban ing taun 2011-2012<ref>''Océanes Le Havre'', avril 2011, {{numéro|145}}, kaca 30</ref>. ''The Havraise Rowing Society'' inggih sampun nglatih sapérangan para atlit dayung ingkang inggil, kados ta Thierry Renault<ref name="internet15"/>. Klub nautique Le Havre (CNH) inggih minangka punjering saking papan renang lan polo ing toya kanggé papan renangipun tiyang jaler<ref name="internet15"/>. ''Le Centre Nautique Paul Vatine'' inggih minangka klub nomer gangsal wonten ing cacahipun lisensi ulah raga ing nagara mau ingkang pikantuk ranking nomer kalih ing divisi liga champions noler 1 ing klub catamarans Prancis<ref name="internet15">{{lien web|url=http://www.vatine.net/|titre=Présentation|éditeur=centre nautique Paul Vatine|dipunundhuh tanggal=23/04/2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813054310/http://www.vatine.net/ |date=2013-08-13 }}</ref>. Kitha punika ugi sampun naté dados tuan rumah kanggé [[Olimpiade Layar]] ingkang dipunadani ing mangsa panas ing tetandhingan Olimpiade mangsa panas taun [[1900]] lan wonten ing olimpiade layar mangsa panas taun [[1924]]<ref name="internet15"/>. ==Ékonomi== ===Umum=== Ing taun [[2006]], pajeg penghasilan saben griya ing Prancis saged ngasilaken arta ngantos dumugi 14.667 [[euro]] <ref name="ékonomi">{{Lien web |url=http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/esl/baseTelechProduit.asp?strProd=1632&IdSousTheme=&IdSource=2&NomThemeOuSource=Insee+-+Recensement+de+la+population+1999 |titre=CC-Résumé statistique/com,dep,zone empl |site=site de l'INSEE |dipunundhuh tanggal=24 April 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120604133439/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/esl/baseTelechProduit.asp?strProd=1632&IdSousTheme=&IdSource=2&NomThemeOuSource=Insee+-+Recensement+de+la+population+1999 |date=4 June 2012 }}</ref>. Sanajan ta ékonomi lokal ing laladan punika saged ngrembaka lan gadhah rupa ingkang kathah, nanging tetep kémawon sadaya asiling padamelan gumantung kaliyan papan lokasi indhustri mau wonten, inggih kalebet ing golongan internasional punapa usaha alit-alitan kémawon<ref name="ékonomi"/>. Aluring mlampah babagan ékonomi ing Le Havre inggih tebih saking papan punjering damel kaputusan ingkang mapan wonten ing laladan [[Ille-de-France|Paris]]<ref name="ékonomi"/>. Awit saking punika, prakawis punika nedahaken bilih wonten kamungkinan bilih kitha punika gadhah representasi ingkang andhap saking bab ékonomi kejawi sapérangan ékonomi ingkang saged kasil saé, kados ta distributor furnitur interior, ingkang gadhah prusahaan pelayaran, Delmas (ingkang sahamipun nembé kémawon dipunkuaosi déning golongan CMA-CGM<ref name="ékonomi"/>. {| class="wikitable" |+ '''Pengusaha Mayor ing laladan Le Havre''' |- ! Nama ! Kitha ! Séktor |- | [[Renault-Pabrik Sandouville|Renault Sandouville]] | Sandouville | Otomotif |-{{ligne grise}} | Griya Sakit Umum | Le Havre | kasarasan |- | Kitha Havre | Le Havre | Administrasi publik |-{{ligne grise}} | [[Cacahipun (prusahan)|Cacahipun]] | Gonfreville | Refining |- | [[Plabuhan Le Havre]] | Le Havre | Layanan palabuhan |-{{ligne grise}} | [[Aircelle]] | ''Gonfreville'' | Manufaktur montor mabur |- | Total Pétrokimia | Gonfreville | Pétrokimia |-{{ligne grise}} | ''[[National Society of French Railways|SNCF]]'' | Le Havre | transportasi |- | Dresser-Rand | Le Havre | Pirantos mékanik |-{{ligne grise}} | Chevron | Gonfreville | Pétrkimia |} ===Plabuhan=== Kanthi saged nampun barang ingkang cacahipun dumugi 68,6 yuta ton ing taun 2011, mila Plabuhan Le Havre inggih dados palabuhan bisnis ingkang paling ageng nomer kalih ing Prancis lan nomer seket palabuhan paling ageng ing dunyaref>{{pdf}} {{lien web|url=http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/WORLD%20PORT%20RANKINGS%202010.pdf |titre=World Port ranking 2010 |site=http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/ |dipunundhuh tanggal=24/04/2013}}</ref>. Nanging punika nembé 60% saking lalu lintas kontèner kanthi mèh sami kaliyan 2,2 yuta EVP ing taun 2011<ref name="stat_GPMH2011">{{lien web|titre=Statistiques définitives, année 2011|éditeur=Port du Havre|url=http://extrapah.havre-port.net/pls/portal/url/ITEM/F39365DA3E1342C89D8C046AC40C0D79|format=pdf|dipunundhuh tanggal=24/13/2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ing tingkat Èropa, palabuhan punika dados palabuhan nomer wolu ingkang paling sibuk ing pérangan lalu lintas kontènèr, lan dados nomer enem manawi dipuntétang saking kathahipun ingkang lalu lintasi ing palabuhan punika<ref name="LH_devt"/>. Plabuhan punika inggih nampi sapérangan ageng [[lisah]] mentah ingkan cacahipun dumugi 37,5 yuta ton lan 1,7 yuta ton produk ingkang sampun dipunolah ing taun 2011<ref name="stat_GPMH2011"/>. Lan ing pungkasanipun taun 2010, cacahipun kendharaan ingkang liwat terminal pelabuhan dumugi 340.500 kendharaan<ref name="LH_devt"/>. Ing palabuhan punika wonten 75 jalur pelayaran règulèr ingkang saged ngladosi 500 palabuhan ing sadaya pérangan dunya<ref name="LH_devt">{{lien web|url=http://www.havre-developpement.com/havre_portduhavre.asp|titre=Le port du Havre|dipunundhuh tanggal=24/04/2013|éditeur=Le Havre développement}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702223853/http://www.havre-developpement.com/havre_portduhavre.asp |date=2013-07-02 }}</ref>. Kathah-kathahipun mitra dagang ingakng paling ageng ing palabuhan Le Havre inggih asalipun saking bawana [[Asia]] lan manawi dipunétang cacahipun 58% saking ngimpor barang lan 39,6% kanggé ngekspor barang<ref name="LH_devt"/>. Déné turahan arus lalu lintas ing palabuhan Le Havre inggih dipuntujokaken dhateng arah Éropah lan [[Amérika]]<ref name="LH_devt"/>. Le Havre inggih mapan wonten ing sisih lor saking muaranipun kali Seine<ref name="emplois">{{lien web|url=http://www.havre-port.fr/|titre=Les emplois liés aux activités maritimes et portuaires dans la zone d'emploi du Havre (hors industrie)|dipunundhuh tanggal=24/04/2013|4=éditeur:Port du Havre}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029034143/http://www.havre-port.fr/ |date=2007-10-29 }}</ref>. Papan punika inggih sanget damel untung pamaréntah Le Havre kanthi mapinten-pinten alsesan<ref>{{lien web|url=http://www.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/version_texte/adresse_page/article_id-1743/plus-1/topic_id-414/port-de-plaisance.html|éditeur=Ville du Havre|titre=Le port de plaisance|dipunundhuh tanggal=24/04/2013}}</ref>. Ingkang sepisanan, amargi kali Seine inggih minangka papan ingkang misuwur ing dunya, lajeng papan punika minangka palabuhan ingkang paling sepisanan lan kaping pungaksan madeg ing Èropa sisih lor<ref>{{lien web|titre=Economie Renault/Sandouville: jours non-travaillés |éditeur=Le Figaro|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/2012/06/06/97002-20120606FILWWW00663-renaultsandouville-jours-non-travailles.php|dipunundhuh tanggal=24/04/2013}}</ref>. Lan ugi palabuhan punika minangka pérangan paling ngajeng kanthi sak pro sekawan padamelan dol tinuku dagang maritim ing Èropa inggih dipuntindakaken ing mriki<ref name="port_auj">{{lien web|url=http://www.havre-port.fr/|titre=Le port aujourd'hui|éditeur=Grand Port Maritime du Havre|dipunundhuh tanggal=24/04/2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029034143/http://www.havre-port.fr/ |date=2007-10-29 }}</ref>. ==Menara Kembar== Le Havre inggih minangka kitha kembar utawi gadhah satunggaling sedhèrèk kitha putri sanèsipun ingkang kembar kaliyan kitha Le Havre punika:<ref name="TwinTowns">{{cite web|url = http://www.lehavre.eu/#Twin_towns|title=Le Havre Website-Twin Towns|dipunundhuh tanggal=21 April 2013|publisher= lehavre.eu}}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Republic of Cina}} [[Dalian]], [[Cina]]<ref name="TwinTowns"/> * {{Flagicon|Republic of the Congo}} [[Pointe-Noire]], [[Republic of the Congo]]<ref name="TwinTowns"/> * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]], since 1965<ref name="saint_petersburg">{{cite web |url=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |title=Saint Petersburg in figures-International and Interregional Ties |publisher=Saint Petersburg City Government |dipunundhuh tanggal=21 April 2013 |access-date=21 April 2013 |archive-date=24 February 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.ph/20090224073839/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |url-status=dead }}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Magdeburg]], [[Jerman]]<ref name="TwinTowns"/> * {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Southampton]], [[United Kingdom]], wiwit 1973<ref name="TwinTowns"/> * {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Tampa]], [[Amérikah Sarékat]]<ref name="TwinTowns"/> * {{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Bergen]], [[Norway]]<ref name="TwinTowns"/> * {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Aydın]], [[Turki]]<ref name="TwinTowns"/> ==Tokoh== Le Havre inggih minangka kitha miyosipun para tokoh-tokoh ingkang misuwur kados ing ngandhap punika<ref name="internet1"/>: * [[Georges de Scudéry]] (1601–1667), [[novelist]], Pamain drama lan [[gurit]]; * [[Madeleine de Scudéry]] (1607–1701), pujangga; * [[Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre]] (1737–1814), pujangga lan ahli botani; * [[Charles Alexandre Lesueur]] (1778–1846), naturalis, artis lan seneng petualang; * [[Casimir Delavigne]] (1793–1843), poet and dramatist; * [[Gabriel Monod]] (1844–1912), ahli sujarah; * [[Alfred-Louis Brunet-Debaines]] (1845-c.1935), artist; * [[Louis Bachelier]] (1870–1946), ahli [[matematika]]; * [[Raoul Dufy]] (1877–1953), pelukis; * [[André Caplet]] (1878–1925), komposer lan coductor ; * [[René Coty]] (1882–1962), [[Présidhèn Républik Prancis]] (1954–1959); * [[Arthur Honegger]] (1892–1955), komposer, dados anggota [[Les Six]]; * [[Thomas Roberts (archbishop)|Thomas Roberts]] (1893–1976), Biskop Ageng [[Katulik]] [[Roma]] * [[Jean Dubuffet]] (1901–1985), artis; * [[Raymond Queneau]] (1903–1976), pujangga gurit lan tiyang ingkang remen nggurit novèl; * [[Jacques Leguerney]] (1906–1997), komposer; * [[Tristan Murail]] (1947-), komposer; * [[Laurent Ruquier]] (1963-), jurnalis; * [[Jérôme Le Banner]] (1972-), Petarung K-1; * [[Olivier Durand]] (1967-), Gitaris saking ''band'' [[Elliott Murphy]]; * Eugenia DeLamare (1824–1907)-Guilherme Schüch-Istri-Baron Von Capanema; * [[Vikash Dhorasoo]],(1973-), International footballer; * [[Gueïda Fofana]], juru main bal-balan; * [[Olivier Davidas]], juru main bal-balan; * [[Dimitri Dragin]], atlit judo; * [[Sylvain Poirier]], ahli matematika; * [[Julien Faubert]], juru main bal-balan; * [[Fouleymata Camara]], juru main handball; * [[Kevin Anin]], juru main bal-balan; * [[Hadja Sawaneh]], juru main handball. * [[Edouard (Eddy) Bonutto]], (1931-2012) tukang roti; ==Gladri== <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> Image:Church Saint-Vincent.jpg|Lingkungan ing sakiteripun [[gréja St. Vincent]] Image:Docks Vauban au Havre.jpg|Laladan komersial dermaga Vauban ing sisih kidul taun [[2009]] Image:Cimetiere ste marie.jpg|Pasaréyan Sante-Marie Maison armateur 3.JPG|Griya ing abad kaping 18 </gallery> <gallery> Gambar:Prieuré de graville1.jpg|Abbey Graville,yasan tuwa dhéwé ing Le Havre FrancisIFrance.jpg|Raja Francis I, ingkang madegaken palabuhan Le Havre Colonnesfaçade2.png|Katedral Le Havre Muséum d'histoire naturelle du Havre.jpg|Musèum Natural History ing Le Havre ingkang rumiyin tilas yasan pengadhilan ing abad 18 </gallery> <gallery> Hotèl de Ville Le Havre 1859-1944.jpg|Hotèl de Ville ing taun 1897 [[6-Le Havre-Quai de Southampton-années 20.jpg]] Le Havre La Villa.JPG|Hotèl de Ville ing taun [[1897]] SS Normandie.jpg|Liner Normandia </gallery> <gallery> LeHavre Festung 14 August 2005.jpg|Salah satunggaling bunker saking témbok Atlantik LeHavre.jpg|Punjering kitha Le Havre ingkang dipunyasa malih Sous pref.jpg|Sub-prefektur LeHavrePalaisJustice.jpg|Gedhung pengadhilan </gallery> <gallery> BULH.jpg Le Havre- basin and ISEL school.JPG|Interior perpustakan universitas Le Havre Stade Océane nuit.jpg|Vaubab Basin lan ISEL ingkang saweg dipunyasa LeHavreCathedrale4.JPG|Pérangan tengah saking Katedral Le Havre </gallery> <gallery> Port Havre 2.jpg|Terminal Peti Kemas, celak kaliyan Lock Prancis Fishing boats in Le Havre, bateaux de pêche.jpg|Mancing ing palabuhan Centrale thermique Le Havre.JPG|Pembangkit listrik geotermal EDF saking Le Havre Panorama lh.JPG|Punjering kitha ingkang dipunyasa malih (katingal menara kanggé nggantung bel saking balé kitha lan menara bèl saking Greja St. Joseph ing LE Havre) </gallery> <gallery> Maison armateur 001.jpg|Griyanipun ingkang gadhah kapal ing Le Havre Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant, 1872.jpg|''Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise'', taun 1872, ingkang dipuncet ing palabuhan Le Havre Bernardin de Saint-Pierre statue Le Havre.jpg|Patungipun Bernardin de Sainte-Pierre, sadèrèngipun Courthouse Havre </gallery> ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Prancis]] [[Kategori:Komune]] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Prancis]] rr0vwarat32tl8owt818wh4pbm68evz 0 128202 1751070 1750641 2026-07-02T07:11:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751070 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Deaths in month TOC}} --> __NOTOC__ Artikel iki pratélan pati ing [[2015#Pati|Januari 2015]]: == Januari 2015 == === 1 === *[[Barbara Atkinson]], 88, aktris Britania (''[[Z-Cars]]'').<ref>[http://www.thestage.co.uk/people/obituaries/2015/01/obituary-barbara-atkinson/ Obituary: Barbara Atkinson ]</ref> *[[Staryl C. Austin]], 94, Brigjen Angkatan Udara AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/statesmanjournal/obituary.aspx?n=staryl-austin&pid=173738500&fhid=7982 Staryl Austin Obituary]</ref> *[[Ulrich Beck]], 70, ahli sosiologi Jerman, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/jan/06/ulrich-beck Ulrich Beck obituary]</ref> *[[Fiona Cumming]], 77, sutradara tv Britania (''[[Doctor Who]]'').<ref>[http://www.doctorwhonews.net/2015/01/fiona-cumming-1937-2015.html Fiona Cumming 1937-2015]</ref> *[[Eric Cunningham]], 65, pulitikus Kanadha (1975–1984).<ref>[http://www.thespec.com/news-story/5239289-former-hamilton-mpp-eric-cunningham-dies-in-his-sleep-at-65/ Former Hamilton MPP Eric Cunningham dies in his sleep at 65]</ref> *[[Mario Cuomo]], 82, pulitikus AS, Gubernur of New York (1983–1994), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/01/us/mario-cuomo-dies-new-york-governor/ Mario Cuomo, former New York governor, dies at 82]</ref> *[[Donna Douglas]], 82, aktris AS (''[[The Beverly Hillbillies]], [[Frankie and Johnny (filem 1966)|Frankie and Johnny]], [[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]''), kanker pankréas.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/03/arts/television/donna-douglas-the-fairest-beverly-hillbilly-dies-at-82.html Donna Douglas, the Fairest ‘Beverly Hillbilly,’ Dies at 82]</ref> *[[Matthew Franjola]], 72, wartawan AS ([[Associated Press]]) lan juru foto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asiancorrespondent.com/129513/vietnam-war-reporter-matthew-franjola-dies/ |title=Vietnam War reporter Matthew Franjola dies aged 72 |access-date=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115060017/http://asiancorrespondent.com/129513/vietnam-war-reporter-matthew-franjola-dies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jeff Golub]], 59, juru main gitar AS.<ref>[http://jazztimes.com/articles/151334-guitarist-jeff-golub-dies-at-59 Guitarist Jeff Golub Dies at 59]</ref> *[[Omar Karami]], 80, pulitikus Libanon lan manten Nayakotama (1990–1992, 2004–2005).<ref>[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Jan-01/282778-former-prime-minister-omar-karami-dies-at-age-of-80.ashx Former Prime Minister Omar Karami dies at age of 80]</ref> *[[Bill Keating (American football)|Bill Keating]], 70, juru main bal-balan Amérika ([[Denver Broncos]], [[Miami Dolphins]]) lan ahli kukum.<ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_27243695/prominent-attorney-keating-dies-at-70 Prominent Colorado attorney and former Bronco Bill Keating dies at 70]</ref> *[[Tore Helge Larsen]], 69, ulah ragawan Nurwègen.<ref>[https://www.rikstoto.no/Nyheter-og-tips/2015/Januar/01/Tore-Helge-Larsen-dod/ Tore Helge Larsen er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Géry Leuliet]], 104, biskop Prancis (1963–1985).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bleuliet.html Bishop Géry-Jacques-Charles Leuliet]</ref> *[[Boris Morukov]], 64, kosmonaut lan fisikawan Ruslan, [[STS-106]].<ref>[http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-010115a-obituary-boris-morukov-cosmonaut.html Russian cosmonaut Boris Morukov, space station visitor and Mars sim leader, dies]</ref> *[[Kjell Noreik]], 85, fisikawan Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Kjell-Noreik-7862903.html Nekrolog Kjell Noreik] {{no icon}}</ref> <!--P-->*[[Mrunalini Devi Puar]], 83, tokoh pawiyatan India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://netindian.in/news/2015/01/02/00032074/mrunalini-devi-puar-chancellor-m-s-university-baroda-passes-away |title=Mrunalini Devi Puar, Chancellor of M S University of Baroda, passes away |access-date=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2016-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313115633/http://netindian.in/news/2015/01/02/00032074/mrunalini-devi-puar-chancellor-m-s-university-baroda-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ninón Sevilla]], 93, aktris Mèksiko kalairan Kuba (''[[Aventurera]]''), serangan jantung.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/in-english/2015/mexico-cuba-ninon-sevilla-death-99543.html |title=Ninón Sevilla dies of a heart attack |access-date=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2015-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102020753/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/in-english/2015/mexico-cuba-ninon-sevilla-death-99543.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[William Lloyd Standish]], 84, hakim AS (1987–2002).<ref>[http://triblive.com/news/allegheny/7482955-74/standish-judge-county#axzz3NdmiH16D Attorney, Allegheny County, U.S. judge dies at 84, was mentor to many]</ref> *[[Manasa Vaniqi]], 62, pegawé nagara dhuwur Fiji.<ref>[http://fijivillage.com/news/Manasa-Vaniqi-passes-away-k529rs/ Manasa Vaniqi passes away]</ref> *[[Miller Williams]], 84, pujangga Amérikah Sarékat, lelara Alzheimer.<ref>[http://www.nwaonline.com/news/2015/jan/02/poet-miller-williams-84-dies-20150102/ Poet Miller Williams, 84, dies]</ref> === 2 === *[[Per-Olof Åstrand]], 92, fisiologis Swèdhen.<ref>[http://exxentric.com/per-olof-astrand-remembered/ Per-Olof Åstrand Remembered: My First Inspiration for Applied Sport Science]</ref> *[[James A. Barlow]], 91, pulitikus AS, anggota ''Wyoming House of Representatives'' (1983–1987).<ref>[http://www.meaningfulfunerals.net/fh/print.cfm?type=obituary&o_id=2890268&fh_id=13508 James A. Barlow]</ref> *[[Charles Baur]], 85, pulitikus Prancis, ketua déwan régional [[Picardy]] (1976–1978, 1985–2004).<ref>[http://www.courrier-picard.fr/region/charles-baur-decede-a-85-ans-ia0b0n495655 Charles Baur décède à 85 ans] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Noel Cobb]], 76, filsuf Britania.<ref>[http://www.dagbladet.no/2015/01/05/kultur/bok/litteratur/noel_cobb/37008876/ Poeten Noel Cobb er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Little Jimmy Dickens]], 94, penyanyi AS ("[[May the Bird of Paradise Fly Up Your Nose]]"), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2015/01/02/little-jimmy-dickens-dies/20994825/ Country great "Little" Jimmy Dickens dies at 94]</ref> *[[Baldina Di Vittorio]], 94, pulitikus Italia.<ref>[http://27esimaora.corriere.it/articolo/e-morta-baldina-di-vittoriodopo-la-liberazionesi-occupo-dei-diritti-delle-donne/ È morta Baldina Di Vittorio Dopo la Liberazione si occupò dei diritti delle donne] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Danny Dunton]], 90, pambalap Britania.<ref>[http://www.speedwaygb.co/news.php?extend.28128 Danny Dunton]</ref> *[[Maurice Fontaine]], 95, pulitikus Prancis.<ref>[http://www.objectifgard.com/2015/01/03/aigues-mortes-deces-lancien-senateur-maire-maurice-fontaine/ AIGUES-MORTES Décès de l’ancien sénateur-maire Maurice Fontaine] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Bob Gilmore]], 53, juru main musik Britania.<ref>[http://www.artsjournal.com/postclassic/2015/01/bob-gilmore-1961-2015.html Bob Gilmore (1961-2015)]</ref> *[[Vasant Gowarikar]], 81, ngèlmuwan India.<ref>[http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/former-isro-chairman-v-r-gowarikar-died-in-pune-1420278745-1 Former ISRO Chairman V R Gowarikar died in Pune]</ref> *[[Basil Hansen]], 88, ulah ragawan Australia, juru main hoki ès.<ref>[http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=9327&cHash=6139b973a891b6404cf7d739a7b18329 Hansen passes away]</ref> *[[Lloyd Lynn House]], 83, pulitikus AS, anggota [[Arizona House of Representatives]] (1967–1968).<ref>[http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/politics/2015/01/06/arizonas-first-native-american-lawmaker-dies/21364087/ Arizona's first Native American lawmaker dies]</ref> *[[Roger Kitter]], 64, aktor Britania (''[['Allo 'Allo!]]'').<ref>[http://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2015/01/05/21581/allo_allo_star_roger_kitter_dies Allo Allo star Roger Kitter dies]</ref> *<!--L-->[[Lam Pou-chuen]], 63, seniman ''dubbing'' Hong Kong (''[[Doraemon]]''), diabetes.<ref>[http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking_news_detail.asp?id=55783&icid=3&d_str=20150102 Dubbing artist dies at age 63]</ref> <!--L-->*[[Abu Anas al-Libi]], 50, anggota [[al-Qaeda]] saka Libya lan ditahan ing AS, kanker lèver (ati).<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/al-qaeda-terrorist-suspect-dies-days-before-his-trial-in-new-york/2015/01/02/7a5a0b7c-9302-11e4-ba53-a477d66580ed_story.html Al-Qaeda terrorist suspect dies days before his trial in New York]</ref> *[[John McQuilten]], 65, pulitikus Australia] (1999–2006).<ref>[http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/2796201/former-politician-john-mcquilten-dies/ Former politician John McQuilten dies]</ref> *[[Derek Minter]], 82, ulah ragawan lan pambalap British Grand Prix.<ref>[http://www.oliepeil.nl/nieuws/5766-sonntagsgeschiednis-met-huub-ode-aan-derek-minter.html Sonntagsgeschiednis met Huub - Ode aan Derek Minter] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Arthur Neu]], 81, pulitikus AS, [[Lieutenant Governor of Iowa]] (1973–1979), member of the [[Iowa Senate]] (1967–1973).<ref>[http://www.kcci.com/news/former-lt-governor-art-neu-dies/30499638 Former Lt. Governor Art Neu dies]</ref> *[[Tihomir Novakov]], 85, fisikawan AS kalairan Serbia.<ref>[http://eetd.lbl.gov/news/article/59381/tihomir-novakov-1929-2015 Tihomir Novakov, 1929-2015]</ref> *[[István Pásztor (ulah ragawan)|István Pásztor]], 89, ulah ragawan Honggari.<ref>[http://mksz.sport.hu/mksz-informaciok/mksz-hirek-kozlemenyek/707-elhunyt-pasztor-istvan-1926-2015 Elhunyt Pásztor István (1926-2015)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105222923/http://mksz.sport.hu/mksz-informaciok/mksz-hirek-kozlemenyek/707-elhunyt-pasztor-istvan-1926-2015 |date=2015-01-05 }} {{hu icon}}</ref> *[[Arpád Račko]], 84, seniman patung Slowak.<ref>[http://www.topky.sk/cl/10/1448053/Navzdy-nas-opustil-Arpad-Racko84Vyznamny-kosicky-sochar--autor-slavneho-Maratonca-mieru Navždy nás opustil Arpád Račko (†84) Významný košický sochár, autor slávneho Maratónca mieru] {{sk icon}}</ref> *[[Vincent Cartledge Reddish]], 86, ahli astronomi Sekotlan, [[Astronomer Royal for Scotland]] (1975–1980).<ref>[http://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-prof-vincent-reddish-obe-1-3662879?WT.mc_id=Outbrain_text&obref Obituary Prof Vincent Reddish OBE]</ref> *[[Kristian Sundtoft]], 77, pulitikus Nurwègen.<ref>[https://www.stortinget.no/no/Representanter-og-komiteer/Representantene/Representantfordeling/Representant/?perid=KRS&tab=Biography Sundtoft, Kristian ( 1937-2015 )] {{no icon}}</ref> === 3 === *[[Jamal Uddin Ahmad]], 85, pulitikus Bangladèsh, Wakil Nayakotama (1977–1982).<ref>[http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/01/04/former-deputy-prime-minister-jamal-uddin-ahmad-dies Former deputy prime minister Jamal Uddin Ahmad dies]</ref> *[[Daniel Albright]], 69, tokoh akadèmis AS.<ref>[http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2015/1/10/daniel-albright-obituary/ Albright Remembered as Whimsical English and Music Teacher]</ref> *[[Martin Anderson (ahli ékonomi)|Martin Anderson]], 78, ahli ékonomi Amérika lan panaséhat pulitik.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/06/business/martin-anderson-adviser-to-ronald-reagan-dies-at-78.html?_r=0 Martin Anderson, White House Adviser to Reagan, Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Adunni Bankole]], 55, pangusaha wanita Nigéria.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/society-lady-adunni-bankole-is-dead/198329/ |title=Society Lady, Adunni Bankole, is Dead |access-date=2015-11-02 |archive-date=2015-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119000525/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/society-lady-adunni-bankole-is-dead/198329/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Edward Brooke]], 95, pulitikus kulit ireng AS, anggota [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] saka [[Massachusetts]] (1967–1979).<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/edward-w-brooke-first-african-american-elected-to-the-us-senate-dies-at-95/2015/01/03/cdabb80a-938b-11e4-ba53-a477d66580ed_story.html Edward W. Brooke, first African American popularly elected to U.S. Senate, dies at 95]</ref> *[[Bryan Caldwell]], 54, juru main bal-balan Amérika ([[Tennessee Titans|Houston Oilers]]), Hodgkin's lymphoma.<ref>[http://www.azcentral.com/story/sports/college/asu/2015/01/03/asu-football-bryan-caldwell/21242607/ Former ASU defensive lineman Bryan Caldwell dies at 54]</ref> *[[Paulinus Costa]], 78, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Bangladèsh, Biskop Agung [[Dhaka]] (2005–2011), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/01/05/retired_dhaka_archbishop_paulinus_costa_passes_away/1117026 Retired Dhaka Archbishop Paulinus Costa passes away]</ref> *[[Maher Hathout]], 79, pamimpin Kaum Muslim AS katurunan Mesir, kanker.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-maher-hathout-20150104-story.html Dr. Maher Hathout, Muslim advocate for interfaith peace, dies at 79]</ref> *[[Bill Jessup]], 85, juru main bal-balan gagrag Amérika ([[San Francisco 49ers]]).<ref>[http://www.presstelegram.com/obituaries/20150117/bill-jessup-long-beach-football-great-and-nfl-player-dies-at-85 Bill Jessup, Long Beach football great and NFL player, dies at 85]</ref> *[[Rueben Philip Job]], 86, rohaniawan Métodis Manunggal Amérika (''American United Methodist''), Biskop Iowa, ''Episcopal Area'' (1984–1992).<ref>[http://www.emk.de/meldungen-2015/bischof-rueben-p-job-gestorben.html Bischof Rueben P. Job gestorben] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113022249/http://www.emk.de/meldungen-2015/bischof-rueben-p-job-gestorben.html |date=2015-01-13 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Muath al-Kasasbeh]], 26, juru anggegana Yordania lan sanderawan [[ISIS]], kaobong urip-urip.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/3/jordan-juru |title=anggegana-burned-alive-isis-video/ Jordan juru anggegana burned alive in ISIS video |access-date=2016-03-21 |archive-date=2020-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925070015/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/3/jordan-juru/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Olga Knyazeva]], 60, juru main anggar Ruslan, jawara Olimpiade 1976.<ref>[http://www.tatar-inform.ru/news/2015/01/03/436930/ Ушла из жизни лучшая рапиристка мира-1975 Ольга Князева] {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Kurt Kuch]], 42, jurnalis Ostenrik, kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.profil.at/articles/1501/983/378792/news-journalist-kurt-kuch-lungenkrebs "News"-Journalist Kurt Kuch an Lungenkrebs gestorben] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103205642/http://www.profil.at/articles/1501/983/378792/news-journalist-kurt-kuch-lungenkrebs |date=2015-01-03 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Bernice Madigan]], 115, [[supercentenarian]] AS, wong kaping lima tuwa dhéwé sadonya.<ref>[http://www.iberkshires.com/story/48218/Bernice-Madigan-State-s-Oldest-Citizen-Dies-at-115.html Bernice Madigan, State's Oldest Citizen, Dies at 115]</ref> *[[Willy Ovesen]], 90, pagawé nagari Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Willy-Ovesen-7857866.html Nekrolog Willy Ovesen] {{no icon}}</ref> * [[Viktor Prudnikov]], 75, Jèndral Angkatan Udara Ruslan.<ref>[http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150103/1041294848.html Прощание с последним главкомом войск ПВО Прудниковым пройдет 6 января]</ref> *[[Terence Ranger]], 85, sajarawan Britania.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jan/18/terrance-ranger-obituary Terence Ranger obituary]</ref> *[[Denny Sakrie]], 51, kritikus musik Indonésia lan panyiar radio.<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/03/legendary-music-critic-denny-sakrie-passes-away-51.html Legendary music critic Denny Sakrie passes away at 51]</ref> *[[Allie Sherman]], 91, juru main bal-balan gagrak Amérika ([[Philadelphia Eagles]]) lan palatih [[New York Giants]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?pid=173729688 Alex Sherman]</ref> *[[Jouko Törmänen]], 60, juru main ski Finlan, jawara Olimpiade Mangsa Atis 1980.<ref>[http://www.lapinkansa.fi/Kotimaa/1194951225612/artikkeli/olympiavoittaja+jouko+tormanen+on+kuollut.html Olympiavoittaja Jouko Törmänen on kuollut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103210822/http://www.lapinkansa.fi/Kotimaa/1194951225612/artikkeli/olympiavoittaja+jouko+tormanen+on+kuollut.html |date=2015-01-03 }} {{fi icon}}</ref> === 4 === *[[Chang Sung-hwan]], 94, jèndral lan diplomat Koréa Kidul, Sénapati Angkatan Udara Koréa (1962–1964).<ref>[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/people/2015/01/178_171148.html Former Air Force chief of staff dies at 94]</ref> *[[Elisabetta Catalano]], 70, juru foto kagunan alus Italia.<ref>[http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Addio-ad-Elisabetta-Catalano-fotografa-delle-star-800f4a33-7809-454b-8ff4-c29716ceaec5.html E' morta Elisabetta Catalano, la fotografa delle star] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Pino Daniele]], 59, panyanyi lan panulis lagi Italia, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/half-black-italian-star-is-dead-aged-59/ ‘Half-black’ Italian star is dead, aged 59]</ref> *[[Chitresh Das]], 70, panayub India, guru lan koréografer, aneurisme.<ref>[http://sfbay.ca/2015/01/04/pandit-chitresh-das-dies-at-70/ Pandit Chitresh Das dies at 70]</ref> *[[Al Delugach]], 89, wartawan AS, pamenang Bebungah Pulitzer, [[:w:mesothelioma]].<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Pulitzer-winning-investigative-reporter-Al-6002777.php Pulitzer-winning investigative reporter Al Delugach dies]</ref> *[[Lance Diamond]], 72, panyanyi AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wkbw.com/news/lance-diamond-dies |title=Lance Diamond dies |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111233057/http://www.wkbw.com/news/lance-diamond-dies |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jay Furman]], 72, pangusaha lan pambangun ''real estate'' AS, kanker.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?n=jay-furman&pid=173741107 Jay Furman: Obituary]</ref> *[[He Zhenliang]], 85, pulitikus lan diplomat Tiongkok.<ref>[http://sports.ifeng.com/a/20150104/42855534_0.shtml?_baidualading#_zbs_baidu_xk 中国奥委会名誉主席何振梁因病去世] {{zh icon}}</ref> *[[Gene Kemp]], 88, panulis buku bocah Britania (''[[The Turbulent Term of Tyke Tiler]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.westmidlandsnews.org.uk/news/obituary-tamworth-author-gene-kemp |title=Obituary: Tamworth Author Gene Kemp |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204121531/http://www.westmidlandsnews.org.uk/news/obituary-tamworth-author-gene-kemp |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Haroldo Lara]], 80, juru nglangi Olimpiade Brazilia (1952 lan 1956).<ref>[http://globoesporte.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/natacao/noticia/2015/01/ex-nadador-olimpico-haroldo-de-melo-lara-morre-aos-80-anos.html Ex-nadador olímpico, Haroldo de Melo Lara morre aos 80 anos] {{pt icon}}</ref> *[[Azizullah Lodin]], +/-75, pulitikus Afganistan.<ref>[http://www.khaama.com/ex-afghan-anti-corruption-chief-passed-away-in-united-states-9206 Ex-Afghan anti-corruption chief passed away in United States]</ref> *[[Gasan Magomedov]], 20, juru main bal-balan Ruslan ([[FC Anzhi-2 Makhachkala|Anzhi-2]]), ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/04/anzhi-makhachkala-gasan-magomedow-shot-killed-russia Anzhi Makhachkala footballer Gasan Magomedov shot and killed in Russia]</ref> *[[John McPhee (juru main bal-balan)|John McPhee]], 77, juru main bal-balan Sekotlan ([[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]], [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]).<ref>[http://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/sport/blackpool-fc/armfield-leads-tributes-to-pool-hero-john-mcphee-1-7033186 Armfield leads tributes to Pool hero John McPhee]</ref> *[[Stu Miller]], 87, juru main bisbol AS ([[San Francisco Giants]], [[Baltimore Orioles]]).<ref>[http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/12125102/former-san-francisco-giants-pitcher-stu-miller-dies-age-87 Former Giants pitcher Stu Miller dies]</ref> *[[Juan Isidro Moreno]], 90, pujangga Républik Dominika.<ref>[http://caribbeandigital.net/muere-juan-isidro-moreno-padre-de-guillermo-moreno/ Muere Juan Isidro Moreno, padre de Guillermo Moreno] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Hasan Hazer Moshar]], 91, seniman Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iranfrontpage.com/news/cultures/arts/2015/01/not-lose-life-life-lost/ |title=He did not lose his life, life lost him |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114185246/http://iranfrontpage.com/news/cultures/arts/2015/01/not-lose-life-life-lost/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jack Parr (basketball)|Jack Parr]], 78, juru main baskèt AS ([[Sacramento Kings|Cincinnati Royals]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.salina.com/news/former-k-state-hoop-standout-jack-parr-dies-at/article_6a310aba-14ae-5489-9005-1308fe160e4e.html |title=Former K-State hoop standout, Jack Parr, dies at 78 |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150105011237/http://www.salina.com/news/former-k-state-hoop-standout-jack-parr-dies-at/article_6a310aba-14ae-5489-9005-1308fe160e4e.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Natalino Pescarolo]], 85, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Italia, Biskop [[Fossano]] (1992–2005) lan Diocese saka Cuneo (1999–2005).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bpesn.html Bishop Natalino Pescarolo]</ref> *[[Hank Peters]], 90, èksèkutif bisbol AS ([[Baltimore Orioles]]), komplikasi serangan setruk.<ref>[http://washington.cbslocal.com/2015/01/04/former-orioles-gm-hank-peters-dies/ Former Orioles GM Hank Peters Dies]</ref> *[[Ahuti Prasad]], 57, aktor India, kanker usus.<ref>[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150104/entertainment-tollywood/article/telugu-actor-ahuti-prasad-passes-away Telugu actor Ahuti Prasad passes away at 57]</ref> *[[Ives Roqueta]], 78, panulis basa Occitan saka Prancis.<ref>[http://www.jornalet.com/nova/4542/es-mort-ives-roqueta Es mòrt Ives Roqueta] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Eli Sagan]], 87, produsèn klambi AS, panulis antropologi budaya lan salah sijiné [[Pratélan Musuh Nixon|Musuh Nixon]].<ref>[http://www.northjersey.com/obituaries/top-obituaries/eli-sagan-87-proud-nixon-enemy-1.1189356 Eli Sagan, 87, proud Nixon 'enemy']</ref> *[[Stuart Scott]], 49, wartawan ulah raga AS (''[[SportsCenter]]''), kanker usus buntu.<ref>[http://espn.go.com/espn/story/_/id/12118296/stuart-scott-espn-anchor-dies-age-49 Stuart Scott, ESPN anchor, dies of cancer at 49]</ref> *[[Michele Serros]], 48, panulis novèl lan pujangga AS, tumor ganas klanjer idu.<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/michele-serros-who-wrote-about-bicultural-life-dies-n280126 Michele Serros, Who Wrote About Bicultural Life, Dies]</ref> *[[Upendra Trivedi]], 78, aktor India lan sutradarawan.<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/gujarati-actor-upendra-trivedi-passes-away-pm-modi-condoles-death_1524562.html Gujarati actor Upendra Trivedi passes away, PM Modi condoles death]</ref> *[[Richard D. Veltri]], 79, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Connecticut]].<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/hartfordcourant/obituary.aspx?pid=173758214 Richard D. Veltri Ph.D.]</ref> *[[René Vautier]], 86, sutradara Prancis (''[[Avoir 20 ans dans les Aurès]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/country-news/French-anti-colonial-firebrand-film-maker-Vautier-dies_444187.html |title=French anti-colonial firebrand film-maker Vautier dies |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104214516/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/country-news/French-anti-colonial-firebrand-film-maker-Vautier-dies_444187.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bernard Williams (producer)|Bernard Williams]], 72, produsèn filem Britania (''[[A Clockwork Orange (filem)|A Clockwork Orange]]'', ''[[Daredevil (filem)|Daredevil]]'', ''[[Flash Gordon (filem)|Flash Gordon]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bernard-williams-producer-a-clockwork-763125 Bernard Williams, Producer on 'A Clockwork Orange' and 'Ragtime,' Dies at 72]</ref> *[[Edmund Wnuk-Lipiński]], 70, tokoh akadémis Polen.<ref>[http://m.wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,117915,17209160,Prof__Edmund_Wnuk_Lipinski_nie_zyje.html Prof. Edmund Wnuk-Lipiński nie żyje] {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[János Zsombolyai]], 75, ahli filem Honggari, sutradara lan panulis skénario.<ref>[http://dailynewshungary.com/film-director-janos-zsombolyai-dies-at-75/ Film director Janos Zsombolyai dies at 75]</ref> ===5=== *[[Joy Ali]], 36, juru main tinju kelas tengah Fiji.<ref>[http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=290923 Joy Ali passes away]</ref> *[[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]], 77, pambalap [[Formula One]] saka Prancis, pamenang [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix]], serangan setruk.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.euronews.com/sport/2868716-french-f1-winner-beltoise-dies-at-77/ |title=French F1 winner Beltoise dies at 77 |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107113520/http://www.euronews.com/sport/2868716-french-f1-winner-beltoise-dies-at-77/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Al Bendich]], 85, sarjana kukum AS, aktivis HAM.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/14/us/al-bendich-defender-of-howl-and-lenny-bruces-comedy-is-dead-at-85.html?_r=0 Al Bendich, Defender of ‘Howl’ and Lenny Bruce’s Comedy, Is Dead at 85]</ref> *[[Khan Bonfils]], 42, aktor Inggris (''[[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]]'', ''[[Batman Begins]]'', ''[[Skyfall]]'').<ref>[http://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/former-star-wars-actor-collapses-and-dies-during-rehearsal-for-dantes-inferno-9961551.html Former Star Wars actor collapses and dies during rehearsal for Dante's Inferno in London]</ref> *[[Jim Burton (ice hockey)|Jim Burton]], 53, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[Hershey Bears]]) lan palatih, serangan jantung.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wjbf.com/story/27773906/former-augusta-lynx-coach-passes-away |title=Former Augusta Lynx Coach Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109133156/http://www.wjbf.com/story/27773906/former-augusta-lynx-coach-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jack Calmes]], 71, pancipta AS, èksèkutif lan juru main musik.<ref>[http://livedesignonline.com/business-people-news/memoriam-jack-calmes-1943-2015 In Memoriam Jack Calmes (1943-2015)]</ref> *[[Eylül Cansın]], 24, wanita transgender Turki, nglalu mawa mencolot saka kreteg.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://planettransgender.com/turkish-transgender-woman-commits-suicide-i-could-not-did-not-allow/ |title=Turkish transgender woman commits suicide |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2016-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220052717/http://planettransgender.com/turkish-transgender-woman-commits-suicide-i-could-not-did-not-allow/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bobby Carter]], 75, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Tennessee]] (1995–2002).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wbbjtv.com/news/local/Former-state-senator-Bobby-Carter-dies-287532381.html |title=Former state senator, Jackson businessman Bobby Carter dies at 75 |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105213930/http://www.wbbjtv.com/news/local/Former-state-senator-Bobby-Carter-dies-287532381.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[William R. Catton, Jr.]], 88, ahli sosiologi lingkungan urip AS.<ref>[http://www.peakoilindia.org/2015/02/06/obit-william-r-catton-jr-jan-15-1926-jan-5-2015/ Obituary William R. Catton Jr. (Jan 15, 1926 – Jan 5, 2015)]</ref> *[[Arthur E. Chase]], 84, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Massachusetts]] (1991–1995).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/yadkinripple/obituary.aspx?pid=173738987 Arthur Chase]</ref> *[[Albert Firth]], 77, juru main liga rugby Inggris ([[Wakefield Trinity Wildcats|Wakefield Trinity]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/local-news/tributes-flood-in-for-wakefield-trinity-legend-albert-budgie-firth-1-7036247 |title=Tributes flood in for Wakefield Trinity legend Albert ‘Budgie’ Firth |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106233941/http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/local-news/tributes-flood-in-for-wakefield-trinity-legend-albert-budgie-firth-1-7036247 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Antonio Fuertes]], 85, juru main bal-balan Spanyol ([[Valencia CF|Valencia]], [[Elche CF|Elche]]).<ref>[http://www.elmundo.es/comunidad-valenciana/2015/01/05/54aac38522601db4148b457a.html Fallece Antonio Fuertes, ex futbolista de Valencia y Elche] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Vadim Glovatsky]], 45, juru main hoki ès Kazakhstan ([[Metallurg Magnitogorsk]]).<ref>[http://www.ntv.ru/sport/1283778/ Скоропостижно скончался бывший защитник хоккейной сборной России] {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Joe Haines (pulitikus)|Joe Haines]], 91, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Ohio]] (1981–1999).<ref>[http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/news/local-govt-politics/former-state-lawmaker-greene-county-commissioner-d/njh6z/ Former state lawmaker, Greene County commissioner dies]</ref> *[[Ken Hale (juru main bal-balan)|Ken Hale]], 75, juru main bal-balan Inggris lan manajer.<ref>[http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=13622 Ken Hale RIP (18/09/1939–05/01/2015)]</ref> *[[Niels Hansen (diplomat)|Niels Hansen]], 90, diplomat Jerman.<ref>[http://www.israelnetz.com/nachrichten/detailansicht/aktuell/frueherer-botschafter-niels-hansen-gestorben-90628/ Früherer Botschafter Niels Hansen gestorben] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226052032/http://www.israelnetz.com/nachrichten/detailansicht/aktuell/frueherer-botschafter-niels-hansen-gestorben-90628/ |date=2015-12-26 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Milton Hebald]], 97, panatah AS.<ref>[http://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-82477077/ Milton Hebald, creator of prominent public sculptures, dies at 97]</ref> *[[Dan Held]], 53, juru main hoki ès Kanadha.<ref>[http://sc-bietigheim.de/de/news/nachrichten/getarticle/detail/nachruf-an-einen-lieben-trainer-und-freund/ Nachruf an einen lieben Trainer und Freund] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116105942/http://sc-bietigheim.de/de/news/nachrichten/getarticle/detail/nachruf-an-einen-lieben-trainer-und-freund/ |date=2015-01-16 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Martin Joseph (pulitikus)|Martin Joseph]], 65, pulitikus Trinidad, Mantri Katentreman Nasional (2003–2010), tiwas klelep.<ref>[http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2015/01/05/trinidadian-former-cabinet-minister-dies-in-swimming-accident/ Trinidadian former Cabinet minister dies in swimming accident]</ref> *[[Mustafa Kamal (kakim)|Mustafa Kamal]], 79, kakim Bangladèsh, Pasirah Mahkamah Agung (1999), lelara jantung.<ref>[http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/01/05/former-chief-justice-mustafa-kamal-passes-away Former Chief Justice Mustafa Kamal passes away]</ref> *[[Earl MacNaughton]], 95, fisikawan Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.guelphmercury.com/news-story/5247123-guelph-academic-recalled-as-key-u-of-g-builder-and-supportive-dad-of-ontario-s-education-minister/ Guelph academic recalled as key U of G builder and supportive dad of Ontario’s education minister]</ref> *[[Alfons Peeters]], 71, juru main bal-balan Bèlgia.<ref>[http://www.inmemoriam.be/nl/2015-01-05/alfons-peeters/# De heer Alfons Peeters] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[King Sporty]], 71, Jamaican-American reggae musician.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/KING-SPORTY-IS-DEAD_18183587 |title=King Sporty Is Dead |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107132034/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/KING-SPORTY-IS-DEAD_18183587 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Anthony Ledwith]], 81, ahli kimia Britania.<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/notices-2015/ Professor Anthony Ledwith CBE FRS]</ref> *[[Bernard Joseph McLaughlin]], 102, rohaniawan Katulik saka AS, Biskop Bantuan [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] (1968–1988).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wivb.com/2015/01/05/buffalo-bishop-mclaughlin-dies-at-102/ |title=Buffalo’s oldest living Bishop dies at 102 |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106081514/http://wivb.com/2015/01/05/buffalo-bishop-mclaughlin-dies-at-102/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harold Murphy (pulitikus)|Harold Murphy]], 74, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Illinois]], (1993&ndash;2003).<ref>[http://legacy.suntimes.com/obituaries/chicagosuntimes/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=173768763 Harold Murphy Obituary]</ref> *[[Ganesh Patro]], 69, panulis India, kanker.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/451680/telugu-writer-ganesh-patro-dead.html Telugu writer Ganesh Patro dead]</ref> *[[Joan Peters]], 78, panulis AS (''[[From Time Immemorial]]''), komplikasi setruk.<ref>[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ct-joan-caro-obituary-met-20150107-story.html Joan Caro, author of controversial book on Israèl, dies at 78]</ref> *[[Geoff Truett]], 79, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]).<ref>[http://www.croydonadvertiser.co.uk/Tributes-paid-Crystal-Palace-winger/story-25853135-detail/story.html⋅Tributes paid to former Crystal Palace winger]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === 6 === *[[Anton Amann]], 58, ahli kimia Ostenrik.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://traueranzeigen.tt.com/traueranzeige/2101895-univ-prof-dr-anton-amann.html |title=Univ.-Prof. Dr. Anton Amann |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226075059/http://traueranzeigen.tt.com/traueranzeige/2101895-univ-prof-dr-anton-amann.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Else M. Barth]], 86, filsuf Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Else-Margarete-Barth-7865796.html Nekrolog Else Margarete Barth] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Vlastimil Bubník]], 83, juru main hoki ès lan bal-balan Céko, pamenang medali prunggu Olimpiade (1964).<ref>[http://hokej.idnes.cz/vlastimil-bubnik-umrti-hokej-djg-/reprezentace.aspx?c=A150106_095854_reprezentace_mne Zemřel slavný hokejista Vlastimil Bubník. S Brnem získal 11 titulů] {{cs icon}}</ref> *[[Buffalo Tiger]], 94, pulitikus AS, pasirah Suku Indian Miccosukee ing Florida (1962–1985).<ref>[http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/state-regional/former-miccosukee-chief-who-met-with-castro-dies/njhnR/ Former Miccosukee chief who met with Castro dies]</ref> *[[Joseph Djida]], 69, rohaniawan Katulik Roma ing Kamerun, Biskop [[Ngaoundéré]] (wiwit 2000).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdjida.html Bishop Joseph Djida]</ref> *[[Johannes de Villiers Graaff]], 86, ahli ékonomi Afrika Kidul.<ref>[https://www.wegotads.co.za/Deaths/listings/12/JOHANNES+DE+VILLIERS+GRAAFF+Feb+19+1928+Jan+6+2015/details/1265370.htm Johannes de Villiers Graaff]</ref> *[[Lawrence Gushee]], 83, ahli musik AS.<ref>[http://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/2015-01-08/lawrence-gushee.html Lawrence Gushee]</ref> *[[Francesca Hilton]], 67, aktris AS lan tokoh sosial, setruk.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-francesca-gabor-hilton-dead-20150106-story.html Francesca Hilton, daughter of Zsa Zsa Gabor and Conrad Hilton, dies at 67]</ref> *[[Ron Hovey]], 82, juru main bal-balan gagrag Australia ([[Geelong Football Club|Geelong]]).<ref>[http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/geelong-mourns-death-of-ron-hovey-former-dual-premiership-player-and-president/story-fni5f6yf-1227176811917?nk=221b413b7c471960f2f21c1d38f70bc5 Geelong mourns death of Ron Hovey, former dual premiership player and president]</ref> *[[Arthur Jackson (ulah ragawan témbak)|Arthur Jackson]], 96, ulah ragawan témbak AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/concordmonitor/obituary.aspx?pid=173762815 Arthur C. Jackson (1918 - 2015)]</ref> *[[Basil John Mason|Sir Basil John Mason]], 91, juru pangramal hawa Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rmets.org/death-sir-john-mason |title=Death of Sir John Mason |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112072303/http://www.rmets.org/death-sir-john-mason |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[George H. McKee]], 91, Lètnan Jèndral Angkatan Udara AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=George-McKee&lc=1144&pid=173777381&mid=6270268 |title=In Memory of George H. McKee April 28, 1923 - January 6, 2015 |access-date=November 5, 2015 |archive-date=February 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202225938/http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=George-McKee&lc=1144&pid=173777381&mid=6270268 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Lance Percival]], 81, aktor Britania (''[[That Was the Week That Was]]'', ''[[The Beatles (TV series)|The Beatles]]'') lan panyanyi ("[[Shame & Scandal|Shame and Scandal in the Family]]").<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/185934/percival |title=Percival |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109224318/http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/185934/percival |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gilberto Perez]], profèsor ngèlmu filem AS kalairan Kuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sarahlawrence.edu/gilberto-perez/ |title=Gilberto Perez |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095115/https://www.sarahlawrence.edu/gilberto-perez/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Sanford E. Reisenbach]], 82, èksèkutif marketing ([[Warner Bros.]]).<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sandy-reisenbach-dead-warner-bros-761604 Sandy Reisenbach, Former Warner Bros. Marketing and Advertising Exec, Dies at 82]</ref> *[[Patricia Roppel]], 76, sajarawan AS lan guru, spésialisasi ing sajarah [[Southeast Alaska]], kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ktoo.org/2015/01/09/alaska-historian-dies-cancer/ |title=Alaska historian dies of cancer |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206211250/http://www.ktoo.org/2015/01/09/alaska-historian-dies-cancer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Thunder Rumble]], 26, jaran misuwur AS, komplikasi kolik.<ref>[http://www.saratogian.com/sports/20150107/new-york-bred-1992-travers-winner-thunder-rumble-dies New York-bred 1992 Travers winner Thunder Rumble dies]</ref> *[[Alexandru Segal]], 67, ahli ékonomi Brazilia kalairan Rumania lan juru main catur.<ref>[http://www.saturnov.com/artigos/354-falecimento-do-mestre-alexandru-segal Falecimento do mestre Alexandru Segal] {{pt icon}}</ref> === 7 === *[[Subhas Anandan]], 67, pangacara Singapura kalairan India, gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/update-veteran-criminal-lawyer-subhas-anandan-dies Veteran criminal lawyer Subhas Anandan dies]</ref> *[[José Arias]], 92, juru main ski alpin Spanyol sajeroning Olimpiade (Olimpiade Mangsa Atis 1948).<ref>[http://www.marca.com/2015/01/08/mas_deportes/nieve/1420748483.html Fallece Pepe Arias, decano de los olímpicos españoles] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Ricardo Bueno Fernández]], 74, pulitikus Spanyol, anggota Sénat Spanyol (1977–1979, 1993–2000) lan Konggrès Para Wakil (2000–2004).<ref>[http://www.eldiariomontanes.es/torrelavega-besaya/201501/07/fallece-ricardo-bueno-historico-20150107151847.html Fallece Ricardo Bueno, histórico político de Torrelavega] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Gilbert Finn]], 94, pangusaha Kanadha, Lètnan Gubernur [[New Brunswick]] (1987–1994).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://metronews.ca/news/canada/1255467/former-new-brunswick-lieutenant-governor-dies/ |title=Former New Brunswick lieutenant-governor dies |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108175220/http://metronews.ca/news/canada/1255467/former-new-brunswick-lieutenant-governor-dies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Michael Fisher (lawyer)|Michael Fisher]], 68, pangacara Britania Raya, kanker.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/law/2015/jan/28/michael-fisher Michael Fisher obituary]</ref> *[[Tadeusz Konwicki]], 88, panulis lan prodhuser filem Polen.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jan/21/tadeusz-konwicki Tadeusz Konwicki obituary]</ref> *[[Mompati Merafhe]], 78, Jèndral lan pulitikus Botswana, Wakil Présidèn (2008–2012).<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501070733.html Botswana: General Merafhe Passes On]</ref> *[[Arch A. Moore, Jr.]], 91, pulitikus AS, Gubernur [[Virginia Kulon]] (1969–1977, 1985–1989).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wowktv.com/story/27787290/former-wv-gov-arch-moore-dies-at-age-91 |title=Former WV Gov. Arch Moore dies at age 91 |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111033033/http://www.wowktv.com/story/27787290/former-wv-gov-arch-moore-dies-at-age-91 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[J. P. Parisé]], 73, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[Minnesota North Stars]]), kanker paru-paru.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/sports/wild/287918141.html |title=Former North Star J.P. Parise dies at 73 |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117120805/http://www.startribune.com/sports/wild/287918141.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jethro Pugh]], 70, juru main bal-balan gagrag Amérikah Sarékat ([[Dallas Cowboys]]).<ref>[http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/01/former-dallas-cowboys-defensive-lineman-jethro-pugh-passes-away.html/ Former Dallas Cowboys defensive lineman, ‘Ice Bowl’ participant Jethro Pugh dies]</ref> *[[Archie Radebe]], 55, juru main bal-balan Afrika Kidul ([[AmaZulu F.C.|AmaZulu]]) lan palatih.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/51708/former-amazulu-striker-archie-juluka-radebe-has-died |title=Juluka passes on |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115230456/http://www.kickoff.com/news/51708/former-amazulu-striker-archie-juluka-radebe-has-died |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[B. S. Abdur Rahman]], 87, pangusaha India lan tokoh filantropi ([[Universitas B. S. Abdur Rahman]]).<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/bs-abdur-rahman-passes-away/article6765817.ece?homepage=true B.S. Abdur Rahman passes away]</ref> *[[Tim Roberts]], 38, juru main gulan profèsional AS ([[World Wrestling Council|WWC]], [[New Wrestling Stars|NWS]], [[ECW (WWE)|ECW]]).<ref>[http://www.wrestlinginc.com/wi/news/2015/0107/588303/the-zombie-from-wwe-ecw-on-sci-fi-passes-away/ The Zombie From WWE's ECW Passes Away]</ref> *[[David Rolfe (juru nglangi)|David Rolfe]], 50, juru nglangi Paralimpik Australia, komplikasi operasi jantung.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parasport-news.com/australian-paralympic-swimmer-david-rolfe-dies/5013/ |title=Australian Paralympic swimmer David Rolfe dies |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118035028/http://www.parasport-news.com/australian-paralympic-swimmer-david-rolfe-dies/5013/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Julio Scherer García]], 88, wartawan Mèksiko, syok sèptik.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/julio-scherer-garcia-journalist-and-irritant-of-politicians-dies-at-88/2015/01/07/a50ebb82-96a0-11e4-8005-1924ede3e54a_story.html Julio Scherer García, journalist and irritant to politicians, dies at 88]</ref> *[[Herb Simpson (juru main bisbol)|Herb Simpson]], 94, juru main bisbol AS ([[Seattle Steelheads]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.mlb.com/news/article/106037126/negro-leaguer-herb-simpson-passes-away |title=Negro Leaguer Herb Simpson passes away |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110043810/http://m.mlb.com/news/article/106037126/negro-leaguer-herb-simpson-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Rod Taylor]], 84, aktor Australia (''[[The Time Machine (filem 1960)|The Time Machine]]'', ''[[The Birds (filem)|The Birds]]''), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/aap/article-2902863/Australian-actor-Rod-Taylor-dies.html Australian actor Rod Taylor dies]</ref> *[[Nancy Thomas]], 96, prodhuser télévisi Britania (''[[Monitor (sérial TV Britania Raya)|Monitor]]'').<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/médhia/2015/jan/15/nancy-thomas Nancy Thomas obituary]</ref> *Wong-wong Prancis wigati sing tiwas nalika prastawa [[Panémbakan Charlie Hebdo]]:<ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2015/01/07/97001-20150107FILWWW00188--charlie-hebdo-les-dessinateurs-cabu-charb-tignous-et-wolinski-sont-morts.php Charlie Hebdo : les dessinateurs Cabu, Charb, Tignous et Wolinski sont morts] {{fr icon}}</ref> **[[Cabu]], 76, kartunis **[[Elsa Cayat]], 54, ahli psikoanalisis lan kolumnis **[[Charb]], 47, karikaturis lan wartawan **[[Philippe Honoré (kartunis)|Philippe Honoré]], 73, kartunis **[[Bernard Maris]], 68, ahli ékonomi lan wartawan **[[Mustapha Ourrad]], 60, juru panata lan panyunting kalairan Aljazair **[[Tignous]], 57, kartunis **[[Georges Wolinski]], 80, kartunis === 8 === *[[William E. Boeing, Jr.]], 92, pangusaha Amérika, produsèn montor mabur.<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/2015/01/william-boeing-jr-son-of-boeing-co-founder-dies-at.html William Boeing Jr., son of Boeing Co. founder, dies at age 92]</ref> *[[Andraé Crouch]], 72, panyanyi gospel AS.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-andrae-crouch-dies-20150108-story.html Grammy-winning gospel artist Andrae Crouch dies at 72]</ref> *[[Kep Enderby]], 88, pulitikus Australia lan kakim, anggota [[Parlemèn Australia]] (1970–1975), [[Mahkamah Agung]] [[New South Wales]] (1982–1992).<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-09/former-act-politician-kep-enderby-dies-aged-88/6007848 Former Whitlam minister Kep Enderby dies aged 88]</ref> *[[Patsy Garrett]], 93, aktris lan panyanyi AS (''[[Benji (filem 1974)|Benji]]'', ''[[Nanny and the Professor]]'', ''[[Room 222]]'').<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/tv/people-news/actress-patsy-garrett-dies-at-93-1201407386/ Actress Patsy Garrett Dies at 93]</ref> *[[Jean-Claude Gasigwa]], 31, juru main tènis Rwanda.<ref>[http://www.nation.co.ke/sports/tennis/Jean-Claude-Gasigwa-Death-Cercle-Sportif-Rwanda/-/442212/2582850/-/sg9eay/-/index.html Former Kenya Open champ Jean-Claude Gasigwa passes on]</ref> *[[Peter Hill (juru main bal-balan)|Peter Hill]], 83, juru main bal-bala Inggris ([[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]]).<ref>[http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/sport/sport-opinion/remembering-three-men-heart-1960s-8415389 Remembering three men at the heart of the 1960s' Sky Blues revolution]</ref> *[[Jenő Lasztovicza]], 53, pulitikus Honggari, anggota parlemèn Honggari (wiwit 1998).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hungarytoday.hu/cikk/rip-fidesz-mp-jeno-lasztovicza-dies-aged-53-99188 |title=RIP – Fidesz MP Jenő Lasztovicza dies aged 53 |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108232455/http://hungarytoday.hu/cikk/rip-fidesz-mp-jeno-lasztovicza-dies-aged-53-99188 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Curtis Lee]], 75, panyanyi AS ("[[Pretty Little Angel Eyes]]"), kanker.<ref>[http://www.yumasun.com/news/homebuilder-singer-curtis-lee-dies-at/article_b4d68540-9880-11e4-bfb6-7b8d034c7bde.html Homebuilder, singer Curtis Lee dies at 75]</ref> *[[Hubert Markl]], 76, ahli biologi Jerman.<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/notices-2015/ Professor Hubert Simon Markl ForMemRS]</ref> *[[Ray McFall]], 88, sing nduwé klub wengi ([[The Cavern Club]]).<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-30725308 Cavern Club owner Ray McFall dies]</ref> *[[Roy McKie]], 93, panulis Amérikah Sarékat.<ref>[http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-authors/article/65852-obituary-roy-mckie.html Obituary Roy McKie]</ref> *[[Richard Meade]], 76, panunggang jaran Britania, juwara Olimpiade kaping telu, kanker.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/wales/25666058 Obituary: Triple Olympic gold-medallist Richard Meade]</ref> *[[Leif Rantala]], 67, ahli basa Finlan.<ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/kuolan_niemimaan_tutkija_leif_rantala_on_kuollut/7727329 Kuolan niemimaan tutkija Leif Rantala on kuollut] {{fi icon}}</ref> *[[Erbey Satterfield]], 75, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Utah]].<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/saltlaketribune/obituary.aspx?pid=173802990 Erbey Leland Satterfield]</ref> *[[Egil Toreng]], 92, panyunting koran lan pulitikus Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.glomdalen.no/Egil_Toreng_er_d_d-5-19-9484.html Egil Toreng er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Nelson Townsend]], 73, palatih atlètik AS ([[Florida A&M Rattlers and Lady Rattlers|Florida A&M]]).<ref>[http://www.tallahassee.com/story/sports/2015/01/14/famus-nelson-townsends-funeral-draws-hundreds/21766039/ FAMU's Nelson Townsend's funeral draws hundreds]</ref> === 9 === *[[Angelo Anquilletti]], 71, juru main bal-balan Italia ([[A.C. Milan]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Italia|tim nasional]]).<ref>[http://www.acmilan.com/it/news/breaking_news_show/71267 La Scomparsa, Anegelo Anquilletti: Il cordoglio del Milan] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Jasodhara Bagchi]], 77, kritikus féminis India lan tokoh akadémi.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Jashodhara-Bagchi-passes-away/articleshow/45828419.cms Jashodhara Bagchi passes away]</ref> *[[Amedy Coulibaly]], 32, jihadi Prancis, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/09/amedy-coulibaly-paris-kosher-market_n_6444418.html Amedy Coulibaly, Paris Kosher Market Terrorist, Had History Of Ties To Violence]</ref> *[[Harry A. DeMaso]], 93, pulitikus AS, anggota sénat [[Michigan]] (1967–1986).<ref>[http://www.battlecreekenquirer.com/story/news/local/2015/01/12/harry-demaso-remembered-battle-creek-guy/21660523/ Harry DeMaso remembered as a 'Battle Creek guy']</ref> *[[Samuel Goldwyn, Jr.]], 88, prodhuser filem AS (''[[The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (filem 2013)|The Secret Life of Walter Mitty]]'', ''[[Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]''), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/film/news/samuel-goldwyn-jr-dies-at-88-1201399483/ Samuel Goldwyn Jr. Dies at 88]</ref> *[[Ah Chew Goo]], 96, juru main lan palatih baskèt AS ([[Hawaii Rainbow Warriors basketball|University of Hawaii]]).<ref>[http://obits.staradvertiser.com/2015/02/05/ah-chew-goo/ Ah Chew Goo]</ref> *[[Michel Jeury]], 80, panulis fiksi ngèlmiah Prancis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://scifiportal.eu/michel-jeury-a-great-european-sf-writer-1931-2015/ |title=Michel Jeury, A Great European SF writer : 1931-2015 |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206213042/http://scifiportal.eu/michel-jeury-a-great-european-sf-writer-1931-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Robert V. Keeley]], 85, diplomat AS, Duta Agung AS kanggo [[Mauritius]] (1976–1978), [[Zimbabwé]] (1980–1984) lan [[Yunani]] (1985–1989), setruk.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/robert-v-keeley-outspoken-ambassador-dies-at-85/2015/01/10/f1da359e-984f-11e4-8005-1924ede3e54a_story.html Robert V. Keeley, outspoken ambassador, dies at 85]</ref> *[[Sarah Kemp]], 69, aktris Australia (''[[Sons and Daughters (sérial TV Australia)|Sons and Daughters]]''), kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2015/01/vale-sarah-kemp.html Vale: Sarah Kemp]</ref> *[[Chuck Locke]], 82, juru main bisbol AS ([[Baltimore Orioles]]).<ref>[http://www.mathisfuneralhomes.com/memsol.cgi?user_id=1496604 In Memory of Charles E. Locke]</ref> *[[Frans Molenaar]], 74, désainer klambi Walanda, komplikasi olèhé tiba.<ref>[http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2015/01/dutch-couturier-frans-molenaar-has-died-at-the-age-of-74.php/ Dutch couturier Frans Molenaar dies at the age of 74]</ref> *[[Józef Oleksy]], 68, pulitikus Polen, Nayakotama (1995–1996), kanker.<ref>[http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/jozef-oleksy-nie-zyje/v60pb Józef Oleksy nie żyje] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112215830/http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/jozef-oleksy-nie-zyje/v60pb |date=2015-01-12 }} {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[Bud Paxson]], 79, èksekutif AS, salah sawijining pangadeg [[Home Shopping Network]], pangadeg [[Pax TV]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/16/business/lowell-w-paxson-dies-at-79-started-home-shopping-network.html?_r=1 Lowell W. Paxson Dies at 79; Started Home Shopping Network]</ref> *[[Peder Pedersen (pambalap pit)|Peder Pedersen]], 69, pambalap pit Dènmark.<ref>[http://feltet.dk/nyheder/peder_pedersen_er_doed/ Peder Pedersen er død] {{dk icon}}</ref> *[[Abdul Rahman Ya'kub]], 87, pulitikus Malaysia, Mantri Utama Sarawak (1970–1981).<ref>[http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/01/09/tun-abdul-rahman-yakub-passes-away-at-87/ Tun Abdul Rahman Yakub passes away at 87]</ref> *[[Whitney Reed]], 82, juru main tènis AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.norcal.usta.com/news/northern-california-tennis-great-whitney-reed-passes-away-at-82/ |title=Northern California Tennis Great Whitney Reed Passes Away at 82 |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419140026/http://www.norcal.usta.com/news/northern-california-tennis-great-whitney-reed-passes-away-at-82/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[James L. Reveal]], 73, ahli botani AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/theithacajournal/obituary.aspx?n=james-l-reveal&pid=173824748&fhid=31206 James L. Reveal]</ref> *[[Robert Scott (author)|Robert Scott]], 73, panulis AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/redding/obituary.aspx?n=Robert-Scott&pid=173827378 Robert Scott Obituary]</ref> *[[Bud Sherman]], 88, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota ''[[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]'' (1969–1984), [[House of Commons of Canada]]'' (DPR Kanadha, 1965–1968).<ref>[http://passages.winnipegfreepress.com/passage-details/id-220874/name-Louis_Sherman/min-run-date-1421042400/order-publish_date Louis Sherman]</ref> *[[Paul M. Starnes]], 80, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Tennessee]] (1972–1990).<ref>[http://www.wrcbtv.com/story/27815690/former-longtime-state-representative-paul-starnes-passes-away Former longtime state representative Paul Starnes passes away]</ref> *[[Roy Tarpley]], 50, juru main baskèt AS ([[Dallas Mavericks]]).<ref>[http://probasketballtalk.nbcsports.com/2015/01/09/former-dallas-maverick-roy-tarpley-dies-at-age-50/ Former Dallas Maverick Roy Tarpley dies at age 50]</ref> *[[Christian Vanneque]], 65, ahli anggur lan pangurus rèstoran Prancis misuwur.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sip-bali.com/whos-the-boss/ |title=Christian Vanneque (1949 – 2015) |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129183840/http://sip-bali.com/whos-the-boss/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 10 === *[[John Angus (pangudi hak bocah)|John Angus]], 66, Sélandia Anyar, pangudi hak bocak, ''Children's Commissioner'' (2009–2011).<ref>[http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/263617/tribute-paid-to-ex-children's-commissioner Tribute paid to ex-Children's Commissioner]</ref> *[[Jorgelina Aranda]], 72, modèl lan aktris Argèntina (''[[Il Gaucho]]'').<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0032986/ Jorgelina Aranda (I) (1942–2015)]</ref> *[[Robert Berner]], 79, ahli géologi lan géokimia AS.<ref>[http://news.yale.edu/2015/01/13/memoriam-robert-berner-giant-geology In memoriam: Robert Berner, a ‘giant of geology’]</ref> *[[Walter Berns]], 95, profèsor kukum konstitusi lan filsafat pulitik AS.<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/396146/walter-berns-1919-2015-yuval-levin Walter Berns, 1919-2015]</ref> *[[Frans Bolweg]], 64, matrus lan palatih Walanda.<ref>[http://www.watersportverbond.nl/nieuws/2015/in-herinnering-frans-bolweg/ In herinnering Frans Bolweg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112002529/http://www.watersportverbond.nl/nieuws/2015/in-herinnering-frans-bolweg/ |date=2015-01-12 }} {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Catherine Cando]], 19, kontèstan putri ayu Ékuador, cerebral edema.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2911424/Stunning-beauty-queen-driven-death-liposuction-evil-bullying-doctors-family-Ecuador-claims.html Death by liposuction: Hunt for doctor who 'killed stunning beauty queen by pestering her to go under the knife' in Ecuador even though she was NOT fat]</ref> *[[Brian Clemens]], 83, panulis skénario Britania (''[[Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde]]'') lan prodhuser télévisi (''[[The Avengers (sérial TV)|The Avengers]]'', ''[[The Professionals (sérial TV)|The Professionals]]'').<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-30775352 Avengers and Professionals writer Brian Clemens dies]</ref> *[[Abed Daoudieh]], pulitikus Yordania, Mantri Urusan Agama lan Awqaf (1984).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jordantimes.com/former-awqaf-minister-passes-away |title=Former awqaf minister passes away |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113074048/http://jordantimes.com/former-awqaf-minister-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[George Dickerson]], 81, aktor AS (''[[Blue Velvet (filem)|Blue Velvet]]'', ''[[Hill Street Blues]]'').<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/george-dickerson-dead-blue-velvet-764565 George Dickerson, Actor in David Lynch's 'Blue Velvet' Dies at 81]</ref> *[[James R. Dixon]], 86, ahli hèrpètologi AS<ref>[http://wfsc.tamu.edu/2015/01/16/memorial-service-for-dr-james-dixon/ Obituary James Dixon]</ref> *[[Tim Drummond]], 74, juru main bas AS ([[Bob Dylan]], [[Neil Young]]).<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6436533/tim-drummond-bassist-neil-young-csny-bob-dylan-dies-74 Tim Drummond, Bassist for Neil Young, CSNY, Dylan, Dies at 74]</ref> *[[Pierre-André Fournier]], 71, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Kanadha, Biskop Agung [[Rimouski]] (wiwit taun 2008).<ref>[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bfourp.html Archbishop Pierre-André Fournier]</ref> *[[Elemér Hankiss]], 86, ahli sosiologi Honggari.<ref>[http://hvg.hu/itthon/20150110_Elhunyt_Hankiss_Elemer/ Meghalt Hankiss Elemér] {{hu icon}}</ref> *[[Maeve Hillery]], 91, fisikawan Irlandia.<ref>[http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/dr-maeve-hillery-wife-of-former-president-patrick-hillery-dies-aged-91-30900112.html Dr Maeve Hillery, the widow of former President Patrick Hillery, has died]</ref> *[[Jim Hogan (athlete)|Jim Hogan]], 81, pambalap jarak dawa Olimpiade Irlandia, jawara Éropa (1966).<ref>[http://www.irishtimes.com/sport/other-sports/former-olympian-jim-hogan-passes-away-1.2061945 Former Olympian Jim Hogan passes away]</ref> *[[Harry V. Jaffa]], 96, profèsor filsafat pulitik AS.<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/396163/harry-jaffa-rip-yuval-levin Harry Jaffa, R.I.P.]</ref> *[[Annis Jensen]], 93, ahli sepatu rodha AS.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Roller-Derby-legend-Annis-Jensen-dies-at-93-6007358.php Roller Derby legend Annis Jensen dies at 93]</ref> *[[Frederik H. Kreuger]], 86, ngèlmuwan voltase dhuwur Walanda.<ref>[https://intranet.tudelft.nl/nl/ewi/nieuws/artikel/detail/profdrir-fh-fred-kreuger-overleden/ Prof.dr.ir. F.H. (Fred) Kreuger overleden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721162620/https://intranet.tudelft.nl/nl/ewi/nieuws/artikel/detail/profdrir-fh-fred-kreuger-overleden/ |date=2015-07-21 }} {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Junior Malanda]], 20, juru main bal-balan Bèlgiar ([[VfL Wolfsburg]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Bèlgia ngisor 21 taun|tim nasional ngisor 21 taun]]), tabrakan lalul lintas.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/10/wolfsburg-junior-malanda-killed-car-accident Wolfsburg player Junior Malanda dies aged 20 after car accident in Germany]</ref> *[[Marko Marin (profèsor)|Marko Marin]], 84, dirèktur téater lan ahli kagunan Slowén.<ref>[https://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/drugo/umrl-je-profesor-na-agrft-ju-marko-marin/355557 Umrl je profesor na AGRFT-ju Marko Marin] {{sl icon}}</ref> *[[Slobodan Martinović]], 70, juru main catur Serbia.<ref>[http://www.chessdom.com/in-memoriam-gm-slobodan-martinovic/ In Memoriam GM Slobodan Martinović]</ref> *[[Roger Moyer]], 80, pulitikus AS, Wali Kutha [[Annapolis, Maryland]] (1965–1973), lelara Parkinson.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.capitalgazette.com/news/ph-ac-cn-moyer-dies-0111-20150111,0,4367831,full.story |title=Roger 'Pip' Moyer dies: Former Annapolis mayor leaves rich legacy |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090946/http://www.capitalgazette.com/news/ph-ac-cn-moyer-dies-0111-20150111%2C0%2C4367831%2Cfull.story |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Yoko Nagae Ceschina]], 82, tokoh filantropi musik klasik Jepang.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/valery-gergiev-loses-a-major-patron/ Valery Gergiev loses a major patron]</ref> *[[Taylor Negron]], 57, aktor lan juru lawak AS (''[[Angels in the Outfield (filem taun 1994)|Angels in the Outfield]]'', ''[[Fast Times at Ridgemont High]]'', ''[[Bio-Dome]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/01/taylor-negron-dead-57-after-long-battle-with-cancer-1201346798/ Taylor Negron, Comedian & Actor, Dead At 57 After Long Battle With Cancer]</ref> *[[Margit Nünke]], 84, paragawati Jerman, aktris lan ratu ayu.<ref>[http://www.filmdienst.de/filmdienst-inhaltsangabe/einzelansicht/margit-nuenke15-11-1930%E2%80%89%E2%80%93%E2%80%8910-1-2015-,211873.html Margit Nünke (15.11.1930 – 10.1.2015)]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[George Probert]], 87, panyunting musik lan ahli musik jazz AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?n=george-arthur-probert&pid=173870789#_ga=1.147511359.945379209.1370722832 George Arthur Probert Jr. Obituary]</ref> *[[Francesco Rosi]], 92, sutradara filem Italia (''[[The Mattei Affair]]'', ''[[Christ Stopped at Eboli (filem)|Christ Stopped at Eboli]]'', ''[[Salvatore Giuliano (filem)|Salvatore Giuliano]]'').<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jan/11/francesco-rosi Francesco Rosi obituary]</ref> *[[Francis Simard]], 67, durjana lan tokoh révolusionèr lan aktivis Kanadha, aneurisme.<ref>[http://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/former-flq-member-francis-simard-dies-at-67-according-to-a-report Former FLQ member Francis Simard dies at 67, according to a report]</ref> *[[Hans Stoiber]], 96, pujangga Ostenrik.<ref>[http://cdn.salzburg.com/nachrichten/fileadmin/php/snRubriken/snTrauer/images/hans_helmut_stoiber_968159-1.jpg Dr. Hans Helmut Stoiber] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202002042/http://cdn.salzburg.com/nachrichten/fileadmin/php/snRubriken/snTrauer/images/hans_helmut_stoiber_968159-1.jpg |date=2015-02-02 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Robert Stone (panulis)|Robert Stone]], 77, panulis AS (''[[Dog Soldiers (novèl)|Dog Soldiers]]''), lelara paru-paru buntet kronis.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/entertainment/national/novelist-robert-stone-known-for-dog-soldiers-dies-at-77f6526d06638a47d79bd9c4be41679e5a-288161401.html Novelist Robert Stone, known for 'Dog Soldiers' dies at 77]</ref> *[[Denis Tsygurov]], 43, juru main hoki ès profèsional Ruslan ([[Buffalo Sabres]], [[Los Angeles Kings]]).<ref>[http://itar-tass.com/sport/1689770 Хоккеист Денис Цыгуров, сын известного тренера Геннадия Цыгурова, умер в возрасте 43 лет] {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Roger Wosahlo]], 67, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough]]), kanker.<ref>[http://www.twtd.co.uk/ipswich-town-news/26567/former-blue-wosahlo-dies Former Blue Wosahlo Dies]</ref> === 11 === *[[Jenő Buzánszky]], 89, juru main bal-balan Honggari ([[Dorogi FC]], [[tim nasional bal-balan Honggari]]), jawara Olimpiade (1952), anggota pungkasan Tim Emas sing isih ngurip nganti tilar donya ing taun 2015 iki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/jeno-buzanszky-last-mighty-magyars-dies-89-205840093.html#Ig2id8X |title=Jeno Buzanszky, last of the Mighty Magyars, dies at 89 |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112013320/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/jeno-buzanszky-last-mighty-magyars-dies-89-205840093.html#Ig2id8X |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Doriemus]], 24, jaran misuwur Sélandia Anyar, pamenang [[Melbourne Cup]] (1995), dieutanasi sawisé kacilakan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.racingnetwork.com.au/champion-stayer-doriemus-dies/tabid/83/newsid/23529/default.aspx |title=Champion stayer Doriemus dies |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114005958/https://www.racingnetwork.com.au/champion-stayer-doriemus-dies/tabid/83/newsid/23529/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Anita Ekberg]], 83, aktris Swèdhen-Italia (''[[La Dolce Vita]]'', ''[[Paris Holiday]]'', ''[[Back from Eternity]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/01/11/italy-ekberg-obituary-idINKBN0KK0D920150111 |title=Legendary "La Dolce Vita" actress Anita Ekberg dies at 83 |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111223722/http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/01/11/italy-ekberg-obituary-idINKBN0KK0D920150111 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Chashi Nazrul Islam]], 73, prodhuser filem Bangladèsh (''[[Ora Egaro Jon]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/57821/Chashi-Nazrul-Islam-passes-away |title=Chashi Nazrul Islam no more |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111123059/http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/57821/Chashi-Nazrul-Islam-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Chic Littlewood]], 84, pambiwara Sélandia Anyar kalairan Britania Raya lan aktor (''[[King Kong (2005 filem)|King Kong]]'', ''[[30 Days of Night (filem)|30 Days of Night]]'').<ref>[http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/legendary-kiwi-entertainer-chic-littlewood-dies-6216985 Legendary Kiwi entertainer Chic Littlewood dies]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Albert McPherson]], 87, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Walsall F.C.|Walsall]]) lan palatih ([[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]).<ref>[https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/football-ex-baggies-coach-mcpherson-dies-155717024--sow.html Football - Ex-Baggies coach McPherson dies]</ref> *[[Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle]], 96, profèsor èmèritus AS ([[Johns Hopkins School of Medicine]]) lan ahli neurologi.<ref>[http://hub.jhu.edu/2015/01/13/vernon-mountcastle-obit Vernon Mountcastle, 'father of neuroscience' and longtime member of Johns Hopkins faculty, dies at 96]</ref> *[[Fritz Pott]], 75, juru main bal-balan Jerman lan palatih.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://world.news-round.com/died-at-the-age-of-75-years-fc-mourns-his-master-hero-fritz-pott/ |title=Died at the age of 75 years – FC mourns his master hero Fritz Pott |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-03-13 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150313092448/http://world.news-round.com/died-at-the-age-of-75-years-fc-mourns-his-master-hero-fritz-pott/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bruno Visintin]], 82, juru tinju Italia, pamenang medhali prunggu Olimpiade (1952).<ref>[http://www.quotidiano.net/boxe-morto-visintin-1.567571 Boxe in lutto, è morto Bruno Visintin. Epici i suoi due incontri con Duilio Loi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217205644/http://www.quotidiano.net/boxe-morto-visintin-1.567571 |date=2015-12-17 }} {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Ryszard Zub]], 80, juru main anggar Polen, medhali pirak Oliampiade (1956, 1960) lan prunggu(1964) medalist.<ref>[http://www.maestridischerma.it/content/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=317%3Ae-mancato-il-maestro-ryszard-zub&catid=51:necrologi&Itemid=99 E' mancato il Maestro Ryszard Zub] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122201753/http://www.maestridischerma.it/content/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=317%3Ae-mancato-il-maestro-ryszard-zub&catid=51:necrologi&Itemid=99 |date=2015-01-22 }} {{it icon}}</ref> === 12 === *[[John Bayley (writer)|John Bayley]], 89, panulis lan kritikus sastra Britania.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11360441/John-Bayley.html John Bayley, scholar - obituary]</ref> *[[Bonnie Christensen]], 63, ilustrator lan panulis buku bocah AS, kanker ovaria garba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://obituaries.wilsontimes.com/bonnie-christensen |title=Obituaries: Bonnie Christensen |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201181320/http://obituaries.wilsontimes.com/bonnie-christensen |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Germán Cobos]], 87, aktor Spanyol.<ref>[http://www.costadigital.es/html/actualidad.php?id=11152 Fallece el actor Germán Cobos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044942/http://costadigital.es/html/actualidad.php?id=11152 |date=2016-03-05 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Trevor Colbourn]], 87, tokoh pawiyatan lan akadèmis Australia, Présidèn [[Universitas Central Florida]] (1978–1989).<ref>[http://knightnews.com/2015/01/former-ucf-president-trevor-colbourn-dies-at-87/ Former UCF President Trevor Colbourn Dies at 87]</ref> *[[James Naanman Daman]], 58, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Nigéria, Biskop [[Jalingo]] (2000–2007) lan [[Shendam]] (since 2007).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdamanjn.html Bishop James Naanman Daman, O.S.A. †]</ref> *[[Stephen Gold]], 58, wartawan komputer saka Britania Raya, komplikasi operasi jantung.<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/01/13/steve_gold_obit/ '80s hacker turned journo, IT crime ace Steve Gold logs off]</ref> *[[Robert Gover]], 85, panulis AS.<ref>[http://capegazette.villagesoup.com/p/j-robert-gover-literary-mentor/1292397 J. Robert Gover, literary mentor]</ref> *[[John Hill (désainer dolanan)|John Hill]], 69, désainer dolanan AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://honor.americanheart.org/site/TR?pg=fund&fr_id=1030&pxfid=273683 |title=American Heart Association honor page for John Hill |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118075559/http://honor.americanheart.org/site/TR?pg=fund&fr_id=1030&pxfid=273683 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Carl Long (bisbol)|Carl Long]], 79, juru main bisbol AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.witn.com/sports/headlines/Former-Negro-League-player-Carl-Long-dies-288338661.html |title=Former Negro League player Carl Long dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113043721/http://www.witn.com/sports/headlines/Former-Negro-League-player-Carl-Long-dies-288338661.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[William C. Martel]], 59, ngèlmuwan pulitik AS, kanker.<ref>[http://www.currentobituary.com/ShowObit.aspx?id=150409&member_id=5 William C. Martel]</ref> *[[A. J. Masters]], 64, panulis lagu lan panyanyi AS, kanker prostat.<ref>[http://www.tennessean.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/01/13/songwriter-aj-masters-co-wrote-change-mind-dies/21713079/ Songwriter A.J. Masters, who co-wrote ‘Change My Mind,’ dies]</ref> *[[Paul Morgan (rugby)|Paul Morgan]], 40, juru main rugby union lan liga rugby Wales.<ref>[http://www.walesrugbyleague.co.uk/article/12741/rip-paul-morgan RIP Paul Morgan]</ref> *[[Elena Obraztsova]], 75, mezzo-soprano Ruslan.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/just-in-towering-russian-singer-has-died/ Just in: Towering Russian singer has died]</ref> *[[Alex Omes]], 43, imprèsario kauripan wengi AS, salah sijining pangadeg [[Ultra Music Festival]].<ref>[http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/obituaries/article6352869.html Ultra co-founder, Miami nightlife fixture Alex Omes dies at 43]</ref> *[[Gabriel Ramushwana]], 73, Jèndral Afrika Kidul, Kepala nagara [[Venda]] (1990–1994), kanker usus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/former-army-general-dies/ |title=Former army general dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150115054127/http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/former-army-general-dies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ed Skinner]], 78, pulitikus AS lan sarjanan kukum, anggota DPRD [[Iowa]] (1969–1973).<ref>[http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/2015/01/13/attorney-democratic-activist-ed-skinner-dies/21676459/ Former Iowa state lawmaker Ed Skinner dies]</ref> *[[Inge Vermeulen]], 30, juru main hoki lapangan Walanda, kalairan Brazilia, nglalu ([[Tim nasional wanita hoki lapangan Walanda]]), jawara Éropa (2009).<ref>[http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/30820/WK-Hockey/article/detail/3828351/2015/01/12/Hockeyster-Inge-Vermeulen-30-overleden.dhtml Hockeyster Inge Vermeulen (30) overleden] {{Flagicon|Walanda}}</ref><ref>[http://www.volkskrant.nl/sport/respect-voor-een-niet-te-bevatten-keuze~a3874959/ Respect voor een niet te bevatten keuze. Zelfmoord van een hockeykeepster] {{Flagicon|Walanda}}</ref> *[[Darrell Winfield]], 85, fotomodèl lan koboi AS, ''[[Marlboro Man]]'' (1968–1989).<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2015/01/14/Darrell-Hugh-Winfield-long-serving-Marlboro-Man-dies-at-85/3591421285839/ Darrell Hugh Winfield, long-serving Marlboro Man, dies at 85]</ref> === 13 === *[[Robert Boon]], 98, aktor AS kalairan Walanda (''[[Queen of Blood]], [[Verboten!]], [[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'').<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?pid=173959033 Robert Boon]</ref> *[[Tony Ciprian]], 82, pambiwara ulah raga ing télévisi lan prodhuser télévisi Sélandia Anyar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/veteran-sports-news-producer-tony-ciprian-dies-aged-82-2015011315 |title=Veteran sports news producer Tony Ciprian dies, aged 82 |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207010311/http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/veteran-sports-news-producer-tony-ciprian-dies-aged-82-2015011315 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Doug Cunningham (bal-balan gagrag Amérikah Sarékat)|Doug Cunningham]], 69, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Ole Miss Rebels football|Ole Miss Rebels]], [[San Francisco 49ers]]).<ref>[http://www.clarionledger.com/story/olemisssports/2015/01/13/ole-miss-doug-cunningham-hall-of-famer-dies/21712441/ Hall of Famer, Ole Miss great Doug Cunningham dies]</ref> *[[Ralph Faudree]], 75, matématikawan AS.<ref>[http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/local-news/former-university-of-memphis-provost-ralph-faudree-dies_62464890 Former University of Memphis provost Ralph Faudree dies]</ref> *[[Frank Glazer]], 99, juru main piano lan komponis AS.<ref>[http://www.pressherald.com/2015/01/13/maine-pianist-frank-glazer-dies-at-99/ Pianist & composer Frank Glazer dies]</ref> *[[Jack Hayward|Sir Jack Hayward]], 91, pangusaha, pangembang properti lan tokoh filantropi Inggris, sing nduwé [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]].<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/13/jack-hayward-owner-passes-away-wolves Former Wolves owner Sir Jack Hayward dies in Fort Lauderdale aged 91]</ref> *[[Mark Juddery]], 43, panulis lan wartawan Australia, kanker.<ref>[http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/canberra-author-mark-juddery-dead-20150113-12n5pw.html Canberra author Mark Juddery dead]</ref> *[[H. Wesley Kenney]], 89, American television director and producer (''[[General Hospital]], [[All in the Family]]'', ''[[The Young and the Restless]]''), cardiac arrest.<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/01/h-wesley-kenney-dead-days-of-our-lives-all-in-the-family-1201350547 H. Wesley Kenney Dies; TV Producer & Director Of Soaps, ‘All In The Family’]</ref> *[[Mike Marqusee]], 61, panulis lan aktivis AS, myeloma multipel.<ref>[http://www.mikemarqusee.com/?p=1663 Mike Marqusee 1953-2015]</ref> *[[Frank Mazzola]], 79, aktor filem AS lan panyunting (''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', ''[[Casablanca (filem)|Casablanca]]'', ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (filem 1939)|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'').<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/01/frank-mazzola-dies-rebel-without-a-cause-actor-cassablanca-1201354867/ Frank Mazzola Dies: ‘Rebel Without A Cause’ Actor And Film Editor Was 79]</ref> *[[Hara Patnaik]], 56, aktor lan prodhuser filem India, kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iamin.in/en/cuttack/news/veteran-odia-actor-and-director-hara-patnaik-passes-away-50298 |title=Veteran Odia actor and director Hara Patnaik passes away |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114005023/http://www.iamin.in/en/cuttack/news/veteran-odia-actor-and-director-hara-patnaik-passes-away-50298 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ronnie Ronalde]], 91, panyanyi Britania lan juru main peluit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.islandfm.com/news/index.php?storyid=38891&s=6 |title=Ronnie Ronalde Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118213553/http://www.islandfm.com/news/index.php?storyid=38891&s=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Isabel Rosado]], 107, tokoh kamardikan Puerto Rico ([[Parté Nasionalis Puerto Rico]]).<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/mark-viverito-condolences-death-puerto-rican-activist-article-1.2077562 Mark-Viverito tweets condolences on death of Puerto Rican nationalist who did jail time]</ref> *[[John H. Rubel]], 94, èksèkutif èlèktronis ''pertahanan'' AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/santafenewmexican/obituary.aspx?pid=173867667 John H. Rubel Obituary]</ref> *[[Trevor Ward-Davies]], 70, juru main bas Britania ([[Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich]]), cancer.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-wiltshire-30811311 Dozy, of Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick and Tich, dies aged 70]</ref> *[[Bill Thompson (manager)|Bill Thompson]], 70, manajer talenta AS.<ref>[http://www.relix.com/news/detail/bill_thompson_manager_of_jefferson_airplane_jefferson_starship_and_hot_tuna_dies_at_70 Bill Thompson, Manager of Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship and Hot Tuna, Dies at 70]</ref> *[[Robert White (Duta Agung)|Robert White]], 88, diplomat AS, Duta Agung kanggo Paraguay (1977–1980) lan El Salvador (1980–1981).<ref>[http://www.wsj.com/articles/former-ambassador-to-el-salvador-white-dies-at-88-1421280479 Former Ambassador to El Salvador White Dies at 88]</ref> *[[Jane Wilson]], 90, palukis AS.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/20/arts/design/jane-wilson-artist-of-the-ethereal-dies-at-90.html?_r=0 Jane Wilson, Artist of the Ethereal, Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Keith Wright (pulitikus Australia)|Keith Wright]], 73, pulitikus Australia lan pamrakosa bocah sing dikukum, anggota parlemèn Australia kanggo Capricornia (1984–1993).<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-13/disgraced-former-labor-leader-keith-wright-dies-in-vietnam/6014558 Disgraced former Queensland Labor leader Keith Wright dies in Vietnam]</ref> *[[Hillel Zaks]], 85, Rabi Israèl kalairan Polen.<ref>[http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/boruch-dayan-emmes/280382/levaya-of-hagon-harav-hillel-zaks-zatzal-rosh-hayeshiva-knesses-hagedolah.html Levaya Of Hagon HaRav Hillel Zaks ZATZAL]</ref> === 14 === *[[Mordechai Shmuel Ashkenazi]], 71, Rabi Israèl.<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/2829975/jewish/Under-Somber-Skies-in-Israèl-Rabbi-Mordechai-Shmuel-Ashkenazi-Laid-to-Rest.htm Under Somber Skies in Israèl, Rabbi Mordechai Shmuel Ashkenazi Laid to Rest]</ref> *[[Bob Boyd (baskèt)|Bob Boyd]], 84, palatih baskèt AS ([[USC Trojans men's basketball|USC Trojans]]).<ref>[http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/12169158/former-usc-trojans-basketball-coach-bob-boyd-dies-84 Former USC coach Bob Boyd dies]</ref> *[[Jerry Dempsey]], 81, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Minnesota]] (1992–2006).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.caturia-smidtfh.com/fh/obituaries/obituary.cfm?o_id=2906065&fh_id=11330 |title=Jerome R. Dempsey (April 21, 1933 - January 14, 2015) |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-date=January 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119065734/http://www.caturia-smidtfh.com/fh/obituaries/obituary.cfm?o_id=2906065&fh_id=11330 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Lotte Hass]], 86, fotomodèl Ostenrik lan juru nyilem.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.divernet.com/home_diving_news/2722254/lotte_hass_dies.html |title=Lotte Hass dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121153731/http://www.divernet.com/home_diving_news/2722254/lotte_hass_dies.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Val Holten]], 87, juru main krikèt Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cricketvictoria.com.au/news/article/vale-val-holten |title=Vale Val Holten |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115061205/http://cricketvictoria.com.au/news/article/vale-val-holten |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Danny Malloy (juru main bal-balan)|Danny Malloy]], 84, juru main bal-balan Sekotlan ([[Cardiff City]], [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]]).<ref>[http://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/cardiff-city-promotion-winning-captain-8463031 Cardiff City promotion winning captain Danny Malloy dies, aged 84 - A tribute to say farewell to a Bluebirds legend]</ref> *[[Jerzy Holzer]], 84, sajarawan Polen.<ref>[http://wyborcza.pl/1,75478,17252144,Jerzy_Holzer_nie_zyje__Wybitny_historyk__dzialacz.html Jerzy Holzer nie żyje. Wybitny historyk, działacz opozycji. Miał 84 lata] {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[Susanto Pudjomartono]], 71, panyunting lan diplomat Indonésia, panyuntang utama kapindho ''[[The Jakarta Post]]'' (1991–2003), Duta Agung Indonésia ing Ruslan (2003–2008).<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/14/former-editor-and-diplomat-susanto-pudjomartono-passes-away.html Former editor and diplomat Susanto Pudjomartono passes away]</ref> *[[Nélida Romero]], 88, aktris Argèntina.<ref>[http://www.ratingcero.com/notas/122982-murio-la-actriz-nelida-romero Murió la actriz Nélida Romero] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Darren Shahlavi]], 42, aktor Inggris (''[[Night at the Museum]]'', ''[[Watchmen (filem)|Watchmen]]'', ''[[Ip Man 2]]'') lan ahli silat.<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/film/news/darren-shahlavi-dead-martial-artist-mortal-kombat-arrow-1201409852/ Darren Shahlavi, Martial Artist in ‘Mortal Kombat’ and ‘Arrow,’ Dies at 42]</ref> *[[Layne Tom Jr.]], 87, aktor AS ([[Charlie Chan|Charlie Chan series]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hub.contactmusic.com/story/charlie-chan-actor-layne-tom-jr-dies_4580435 |title=Charlie Chan - Charlie Chan Actor Layne Tom Jr. Dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212022117/http://hub.contactmusic.com/story/charlie-chan-actor-layne-tom-jr-dies_4580435 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Warren Weinstein]], 73, ahli ékonomi AS, kontraktor [[USAID]] diculik déning [[al-Qaeda]], kena serangan ''drone''.<ref name=weinstein>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/world/asia/2-qaeda-hostages-were-accidentally-killed-in-us-raid-white-house-says.html</ref> *[[Zhang Wannian]], 86, Jèndral Tiongkok.<ref>[http://china.cankaoxiaoxi.com/roll10/2015/0114/628836.shtml 中央军委原副主席张万年病逝 终年87岁] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009022011/http://china.cankaoxiaoxi.com/roll10/2015/0114/628836.shtml |date=2018-10-09 }} {{zh icon}}</ref> === 15 === *[[Jean-Claude Baker]], 71, wong sing nduwé rèstoran ing AS kalairan Prancis, nglalu.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/16/nyregion/jean-claude-baker-a-restaurateur-dies-at-71.html Jean-Claude Baker, a Restaurateur, Dies at 71]</ref> *[[Ludmila Brožová-Polednová]], 93, jaksa Céko, sing mèlu pangadilan éthok-éthok [[Milada Horáková]].<ref>[http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/359700-zemrela-ludmila-brozova-polednova-prokuratorka-z-procesu-s-miladou-horakovou.html Zemřela Ludmila Brožová-Polednová, prokurátorka z procesu s Miladou Horákovou] {{cs icon}}</ref> *[[Arnaldo Calveyra]], 85, pujangga Argèntina lan panulis roman, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201501/92181-arnaldo-calveyra-muerte-paris.html Murió el escritor entrerriano Arnaldo Calveyra a los 85 años, en París] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118013757/http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201501/92181-arnaldo-calveyra-muerte-paris.html |date=2015-01-18 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Eugene E. Covert]], 88, insinyur dirgantara AS.<ref>[http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2015/former-aeroastro-head-air-force-chief-scientist-eugene-covert-dies-0120 Former AeroAstro head and Air Force chief scientist Eugene Covert dies at 88]</ref> *[[Ervin Drake]], 95, panulis lagu AS ("[[It Was a Very Good Year]]", "[[I Believe (1953 song)|I Believe]]", "[[Good Morning Heartache]]"), kanker kandhung kemih.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/ervin-drake-songwriter-of-it-was-a-very-good-year-dies-at-95/2015/01/15/a7e1cae6-9cec-11e4-a7ee-526210d665b4_story.html Ervin Drake, songwriter of ‘It Was a Very Good Year,’ dies at 95]</ref> *[[Kim Fowley]], 75, prodhuser musik AS, manajer band ([[The Runaways]]), imprésario lan musikus, kanker kandhung kemih.<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/music/news/kim-fowley-music-impresario-and-runaways-manager-dies-at-75-1201406514/ Kim Fowley, Music Impresario and Runaways Manager, Dies at 75]</ref> *[[Alan Hirschfield]], 79, èksèkutif filem AS, CEO [[Columbia Pictures]] (1973–1978), pangrèh [[20th Century Fox]] (1982–1986).<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/film/news/alan-hirschfield-former-columbia-chief-exec-dies-at-79-1201408596/ Alan Hirschfield, Former Columbia Chief Exec, Dies at 79]</ref> *[[Anwarul Iqbal]], 64, pulitikus Banggaladésa (Bangladèsh) lan pangrèh pulisi, gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/425161/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87 সাবেক উপদেষ্টা আনোয়ারুল ইকবাল আর নেই] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226173146/http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/425161/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87 |date=2015-12-26 }} {{bn icon}}</ref> *[[Archibald Kennedy, 8th Marquess of Ailsa]], 58, priyayi Sekotlan, pangrèh turunan [[Klan Kennedy]].<ref>[http://www.cosca.scot/ A Sad Announcement]</ref> *[[Ethel Lang (supercentenarian)|Ethel Lang]], 114, ''supercentenarian'' Britania, wong tuwa dhéwé (wiwit taun 2013), wong Britania pungkasan sing lair nalika isih jumenengé [[Ratu Victoria]].<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/11349879/Britains-oldest-person-Ethel-Lang-dies-aged-114.html Britain's oldest person Ethel Lang dies aged 114]</ref> *[[Karel Lichtnégl]], 78, juru main bal-balan Céko.<ref>[http://brnensky.denik.cz/fotbal_region/zemrel-byvaly-fotbalovy-reprezentant-karel-lichtnegl-bylo-mu-78-let-20150116-ye8.html Zemřel bývalý fotbalový reprezentant Karel Lichtnégl. Bylo mu 78 let] {{cs icon}}</ref> *[[Jean Lindenmann]], 90, ahli virus lan immunologi Switserlan, salah sawijining panemu [[interferon]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/us/jean-lindenmann-made-interferon-his-lifes-work-is-dead-at-90.html?_r=0 Jean Lindenmann, Who Made Interferon His Life’s Work, Is Dead at 90]</ref> *[[Rimma Markova]], 89, aktris Ruslan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://russkiymir.ru/en/news/183644/ |title=A Quiet Farewell for Rimma Markova |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216034559/http://russkiymir.ru/en/news/183644/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ray Nagel]], 87, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[UCLA Bruins football|UCLA Bruins]]) lan palatih ([[Utah Utes football|Utah Utes]], [[Iowa Hawkeyes football|Iowa Hawkeyes]]).<ref>[http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/12208552/former-iowa-hawkeyes-utah-utes-coach-ray-nagel-dies-87 Former coach Ray Nagel dies at 87]</ref> *[[Chikao Ōtsuka]], 85, aktor swara Jepang (''[[Lupin III]]'', ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'', ''[[One Piece]]''), lelara jantung.<ref>[http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-16/voice-actor-chikao-ohtsuka-passes-away/.83348 Voice Actor Chikao Ohtsuka Passes Away]</ref> *[[Raoul Pantin]], 71, wartawan lan panulis Trinidad, panulis skénario (''[[Bim]]''), pasintas [[Kudéta Jamaat al Muslimeen]].<ref>[http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/lifestyle/2015/01/15/renowned-trinidadian-poet-and-journalist-raoul-pantin-dies/ Renowned Trinidadian poet and journalist Raoul Pantin dies]</ref> *[[Robert S. Pirie]], 80, pangacara AS.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/29/business/robert-pirie-corporate-lawyer-dies-at-80.html?ref=obituaries&_r=0 Robert Pirie, Corporate Lawyer, Dies at 80]</ref> *[[Ignacio Posada]], 79, juru main anggar olimpiade Kolombia.<ref>[http://www.coc.org.co/2015/01/16/el-coc-lamenta-el-fallecimiento-del-esgrimsita-olimpico-ignacio-posada/ El COC lamenta el fallecimiento del esgrimista olímpico Ignacio Posada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219014309/http://www.coc.org.co/2015/01/16/el-coc-lamenta-el-fallecimiento-del-esgrimsita-olimpico-ignacio-posada/ |date=2015-02-19 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Harvey Sweetman]], 93, juru anggegana Perang Donya II Sélandia Anyar.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/65150139/wwii-raf-squadron-leader-dies WWII RAF squadron leader dies]</ref> *[[Rameshwar Thakur]], 88, pulitikus India, Gubernur [[Odisha]] (2004–2006), [[Andhra Pradesh]] (2006–2007) lan [[Karnataka]] (2007–2009).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://odishasamaya.com/news/former-odisha-governor-rameshwar-thakur-passes-away |title=Former Odisha Governor Rameshwar Thakur passes away |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205232801/http://odishasamaya.com/news/former-odisha-governor-rameshwar-thakur-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Walter Westbrook (seniman)|Walter Westbrook]], 93, seniman Afrika Kidul.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://arttimes.co.za/walter-westbrook-august-3-1921-january-15-2015/ |title=Walter Westbrook August 3, 1921 – January 15, 2015 |access-date=November 13, 2015 |archive-date=January 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118225534/http://arttimes.co.za/walter-westbrook-august-3-1921-january-15-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bob Wilson (wartawan ulah raga)|Bob Wilson]], 85, wartawan ulah raga AS ([[Boston Bruins]]).<ref>[http://www.wcvb.com/news/bob-wilson-longtime-bruins-announcer-dies-at-85/30773938 Bob Wilson, longtime Bruins announcer, dies at 85]</ref> *[[Joseph Mukasa Zuza]], 59, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Malawi, Biskop [[Mzuzu]] (wiwit 1995), kacilakan lalu lintas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.malawitoday.com/news/133134-bishop-joseph-zuza-mzuzu-dies-car-crash |title=Bishop Joseph Zuza of Mzuzu dies in a car crash |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202205617/http://www.malawitoday.com/news/133134-bishop-joseph-zuza-mzuzu-dies-car-crash |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 16 === *[[Miriam Akavia]], 87, panulis Israèl.<ref>[http://www.dziennikpolski24.pl/artykul/3719942,miriam-akavia-19272015,id,t.html?cookie=1 Miriam Akavia (1927-2015)]</ref> *[[Ian Athfield|Sir Ian Athfield]], 74, arsitèk Sélandia Anyar.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/65111371/renowned-architect-sir-ian-athfield-dies-age-74 Renowned architect Sir Ian Athfield dies, aged 74]</ref> *[[Mohamed Olow Barrow]], pulitikus Somalia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=8866 |title=President Hassan attends the funeral of the former minister |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118220417/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=8866 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Andrew Benson]], 97, ahli biologi AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/utsandiego/obituary.aspx?n=andrew-benson&pid=173956530 Andrew Benson]</ref> *[[Vivaldo Frota]], 86, pulitikus Brazilia, Gubernur [[Amazonas]] (1990–1991).<ref>[http://new.d24am.com/noticias/amazonas/morre-vivaldo-frota-governador-amazonas/127623 Morre Vivaldo Frota, ex-governador do Amazonas] {{pt icon}}</ref> *[[Ted Harrison]], 88, panglukis Kanadha kalairan Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vancouversun.com/Harrison+famous+paintings+Canadian+North+dies/10736027/story.html |title=Ted Harrison, famous for paintings of Canadian North, dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2016-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327202355/http://www.vancouversun.com/Harrison+famous+paintings+Canadian+North+dies/10736027/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Pedro María Iguaran]], 74, juru main bal-balan Spanyol ([[Real Sociedad]]).<ref>[http://www.realsociedad.com/document/view/eus/169/183102/fallece-pello-iguaran-arandia Pello Iguaran Arandia hil da] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Patrick Journoud]], 50, atlit Olimpiade Prancis ([[Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988]]).<ref>[http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/jo/patrick-journoud-1.html Patrick Journoud]</ref> *[[Stuart Loory]], 82, wartawan AS lan èksèkutif média ([[CNN]]), kanker paru-paru.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wptv.com/news/national/stuart-loory-consummate-journalist-and-former-cnn-reporter-passes-away |title=Stuart Loory: 'Consummate' journalist and former CNN reporter passes away |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206212929/http://www.wptv.com/news/national/stuart-loory-consummate-journalist-and-former-cnn-reporter-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ray Lumpp]], 91, juru main baskèt AS ([[New York Knicks]]), juwara Olimpiade (1948).<ref>[http://www.foxsports.com/nba/story/new-york-knicks-olympian-ray-lumpp-dies-at-91-011615 Former Knicks player, US Olympian Lumpp dies at 91]</ref> *[[Luis Marsans]], 84, panglukis Spanyol.<ref>[http://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20150117/54423460861/luis-marsans.html Muere Luis Marsans] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Louis Martin (weightlifter)|Louis Martin]], 78, juru angkat halter Britania katurunan Jamaika, medali pirak Olimpiade (1964) lan prunggu (1960).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Tributes-Derby-s-champion-weightlifter-hero-Louis/story-25885303-detail/story.html |title=Louis Martin: Tributes to Derby's champion weightlifter and hero |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123071223/http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Tributes-Derby-s-champion-weightlifter-hero-Louis/story-25885303-detail/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ghelubhai Nayak]], 91, aktivis pulitik India.<ref>[http://deshgujarat.com/2015/01/16/father-figure-of-tribal-dang-region-of-gujarat-ghelubhai-nayak-passes-away/ Father figure of tribal Dang region of Gujarat Ghelubhai Nayak passes away]</ref> *[[Walter Peregoy]], 89, juru animasi AS (''[[The Jungle Book (filem taun 1967)|The Jungle Book]]'', ''[[Sleeping Beauty (filem taun 1959)|Sleeping Beauty]]'', ''[[Mary Poppins (filem)|Mary Poppins]]'', ''[[The Sword in the Stone (filem)|The Sword in the Stone]]'').<ref>[http://www.cartoonbrew.com/rip/walt-peregoy-101-dalmatians-color-stylist-rip-108028.html Walt Peregoy, ’101 Dalmatians’ Color Stylist, RIP]</ref> *[[Tony Ridler]], 59, juru main dart Wales.<ref>[http://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/gwentnews/10981950.Friends_and_family_pay_tribute_to_Newport_darts__genius_/ Friends and family pay tribute to Newport darts 'genius']</ref> *[[Faith Seidenberg]], 91, ahli kukum lan aktivis hak warga AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://law.syr.edu/news_events/news/syracuse-law-remembers-alumna-faith-seidenberg |title=Syracuse Law Remembers Alumna Faith Seidenberg |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206212802/https://law.syr.edu/news_events/news/syracuse-law-remembers-alumna-faith-seidenberg |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Yao Beina]], 33, panyanyi China, kanker payudara.<ref>[http://www.china.org.cn/arts/2015-01/16/content_34580238.htm Pop singer Yao Beina dies at 33]</ref> === 17 === *[[Bruno Ballarini]], 77, juru main bal-balan Italia ([[Calcio Como]]).<ref>[http://www.laprovinciadicomo.it/stories/Sport/addio-ballarini-il-capitano_1100092_11/ Addio Ballarini, il capitano] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Joseph Brannigan]], 83, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Maine]] (2006–2012).<ref>[https://bangordailynews.com/2015/01/18/news/portland/former-state-legislator-joe-brannigan-dies-at-83/ Former state legislator Joe Brannigan dies at 83]</ref> *[[Ken Furphy]], 83, juru main bal-balan Inggris lan manajer ([[Watford F.C.|Watford]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.watfordfc.com/news/article/150119-watford-fc-ken-furphy-2213166.aspx |title=Ken Furphy Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123214645/http://www.watfordfc.com/news/article/150119-watford-fc-ken-furphy-2213166.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gobinda Halder]], 84, panulis lagu lan komponis India, gagal ginjel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kollytalk.com/national/indian-lyricist-bangladesh-liberation-war-dies-210669.html |title=Indian lyricist of Bangladesh Liberation War dies |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226014702/http://www.kollytalk.com/national/indian-lyricist-bangladesh-liberation-war-dies-210669.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Faten Hamama]], 83, aktris Mesir (''[[The Angel of Mercy (filem 1946)|The Angel of Mercy]]'', ''[[Wajh al-Qamar]]'').<ref>[http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/entertainment/2015/01/17/DNPY-Egyptian-actress-Faten-Hamama-dies.html Iconic Egyptian actress Faten Hamama dies]</ref> *[[Don Harron]], 90, palawak, aktor lan panulis Kanadha (''[[Hee Haw]], [[The Big Revue]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://news.nationalpost.com/2015/01/17/don-harron-legendary-canadian-actor-who-played-charlie-farquharson-dies-at-90/ Don Harron, legendary Canadian actor who played Charlie Farquharson, dies at 90]</ref> *[[Kazumasa Hirai (author)|Kazumasa Hirai]], 76, panulis manga Jepang (''[[8 Man]]'', ''[[Genma Taisen]]'', ''[[Wolf Guy]]'').<ref>[http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-17/genma-taisen-rebirth-writer-harmagedon-8-man-creator-kazumasa-hirai-passes-away/.83397 Genma Taisen Rebirth Writer: Harmagedon/8 Man Creator Kazumasa Hirai Passes Away]</ref> *[[Fritz C. Holte]], 89, ahli ékonomi Nurwègen.<ref>[https://snl.no/Fritz_Christian_Holte Fritz Christian Holte] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Justin Kili]], 61, wartawan Papua Nugini lan tokoh média.<ref>[http://news.pngfacts.com/2015/01/one-of-pngs-pioneer-médhia-personality.html One of PNG's pioneer médhia personality Justin Kili passess on ]</ref> *[[Rebecca D. Lockhart]], 46, pulitikus AS, Pangrèh DPRD [[Utah]] (wiwit 2011), [[lelara Creutzfeldt-Jakob]].<ref>[http://www.sltrib.com/news/2068570-155/becky-lockhart-history-making-utah-lawmaker-dies Becky Lockhart, history-making Utah lawmaker, dies at 46]</ref> *[[Henry Manne]], 86, tokoh akadémi kukum lan ékonomi AS.<ref>[http://leiterlawschool.typepad.com/leiter/2015/01/in-memoriam-henry-g-manne-1928-2015.html In Memoriam: Henry G. Manne (1928-2015)]</ref> *[[Roderick McDonald (basketball)|Roderick McDonald]], 69, juru main baskèt AS ([[Utah Stars]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/mercurynews/obituary.aspx?pid=173948133 Roderick McDonald obituary]</ref> *[[Terence Miller]], 96, ahli paléontologi Britania Raya.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11374920/Professor-Terence-Miller-palaeontologist-obituary.html Professor Terence Miller, palaeontologist - obituary]</ref> *[[Origa]], 44, panyanyi Ruslan (''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex]]''), kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-18/ghost-in-the-shell-singer-origa-passes-away/.83416 Ghost in the Shell Singer Origa Passes Away]</ref> *[[Mary Evelyn Parker]], 94, pulitikus AS, artaka Praja Louisiana (1968–1987), komplikasi serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.wafb.com/story/27877168/first-woman-elected-as-louisiana-treasurer-dies-at-94 First woman elected as Louisiana treasurer dies at 94]</ref> *[[David E. Paulson]], 83, pulitikus AS, anggota [[Wisconsin State Assembly]] kanggo 28th District (1978–1986).<ref>[http://www.williamsonwhite.com/fh/obituaries/obituary.cfm?o_id=2920618&fh_id=12166 David Earl Paulson]</ref> *[[Greg Plitt]], 37, palatih fitnès AS (''[[Work Out]]'') lan aktor (''[[Grudge Match (filem)|Grudge Match]]'', ''[[Terminator Salvation]]'', ''[[Bobby (filem 2006)|Bobby]]''), ketabrak sepur.<ref>[http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/01/17/man-struck-killed-by-metrolink-train-in-burbank/ Reality TV Star Struck, Killed By Metrolink Train In Burbank]</ref> *[[Bill Sykes (pendhéta)|Bill Sykes]], 75, panulis lan pendhéta Inggris.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/Billsykes |title=Revd W. G. D. Sykes, MA, Fellow and Chaplain |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123201120/http://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/Billsykes |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 18 === * [[Ang Kiem Soei]], 55, durjana Walanda kalairan Indonésia/Hindia Walanda, lan limang durjana liyané dièksékusi Pamaréntah Indonésia.<ref>[http://news.liputan6.com/read/2162546/ini-protes-pengacara-terpidana-mati-ang-kiem-soei Ini Protes Pengacara Terpidana Mati Ang Kiem Soei]</ref><ref>[http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2015/01/17/ang-kiem-soei-geexecuteerd Nederlander Ang geëxecuteerd in Indonesië - ambassadeur teruggeroepen]</ref> *[[Mohammad Ali Allahdadi]], 52, Jèndral Angkatan Dharat Iran, serangan udara.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-30882935 Iran general died in 'Israèli strike' in Syrian Golan]</ref> <!--B-->*[[Dorothy Barnes Pelote]], 85, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Georgia]] (1993–2003).<ref>[http://www.myfoxal.com/story/27880043/former-georgia-state-house-representative-dorothy-pelote-dies-at-85 Former Georgia State House Representative Dorothy Pelote dies at 85]</ref> *[[José Carrasco]], 70, pulitikus Péru.<ref>[http://www.larepublica.pe/16-01-2015/fallecio-jose-carrasco-tavara-ex-ministro-aprista Falleció José Carrasco Távara, ex ministro aprista] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Vinay V. Deodhar]], 66, matématikawan India.<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~asnews/news-release/558.html Professor Vinay Deodhar dies at 66]</ref> *[[Maurice Dumas]], 87, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota Parlemèn Kanadha kanggo [[Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel]] (1993–2000).<ref>[http://www.fil-information.gouv.qc.ca/Pages/Article.aspx?aiguillage=ajd&type=1&idArticle=2301205722 Le Parti Québécois rend hommage à l'ex-député Maurice Dumas]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Cynthia Layne]], 51, panyanyi Jazz Amérikah Sarékat, kanker.<ref>[http://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/01/19/cynthia-layne-indianapolis-jazz-kitchen-owl-records-super-bowl/21997893/ Vocalist Cynthia Layne remembered for talent, courage]</ref> *[[Grazia Livi]], 84, wartawan lan panulis Italia, pamenang [[Viareggio Prize]].<ref>[http://www.lastampa.it/2015/01/19/edizioni/alessandria/lutto-per-la-morte-di-grazia-livi-scrittrice-e-saggista-verr-sepolta-nel-paese-che-amava-CmJCkyhjEPwBYRtHQTGexO/pagina.html Lutto per la morte di Grazia Livi, scrittrice e saggista: verrà sepolta nel paese che amava] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122151145/http://www.lastampa.it/2015/01/19/edizioni/alessandria/lutto-per-la-morte-di-grazia-livi-scrittrice-e-saggista-verr-sepolta-nel-paese-che-amava-CmJCkyhjEPwBYRtHQTGexO/pagina.html |date=2015-01-22 }} {{it icon}}</ref> *[[D. C. McNeil]], 87, pulitikus Kanadha.<ref>[http://thechronicleherald.ca/novascotia/1263790-dugger-mcneil-dies-after-%E2%80%98great-life%E2%80%99-on-the-ice-in-politics-and-in-business Dugger McNeil dies after ‘great life’ on the ice, in politics and in business]</ref> *[[Alberto Nisman]], 51, jaksa Argèntina ([[pangeboman AMIA]]), katoné nglalu déné témbakan gaman geni.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/argentina/11354521/Argentine-prosecutor-who-accused-Cristina-Kirchner-over-1994-bombings-found-dead.html Argentine prosecutor who accused Cristina Kirchner over 1994 bombings found dead]</ref> *[[Paul O'Grady (pulitikus)|Paul O'Grady]], 54, pulitikus Australia, anggota ''[[New South Wales Legislative Council]]'' (1988–1996), kanker.<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/first-openly-gay-state-mp-paul-ogrady-dies-in-sydney-20150118-12sm40.html First openly gay state MP Paul O'Grady dies in Sydney]</ref> *[[Muna Obiekwe]], 36, aktor Nigéria, lelara ginjel.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501200176.html Nigeria: Entertainers React to Death of Actor, Muna Obiekwe]</ref> *[[Pietro Pianta]], 74, juru main bal-balan Italia.<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/sport/calcio/2015/01/19/e-morto-lex-portiere-pietro-pianta_30589d93-40aa-4327-9a60-4bcc1faa7522.html E' morto l'ex portiere Pietro Pianta] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[June Randall]], 87, pangawas skrip Britania (''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (filem)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'', ''[[A Clockwork Orange (filem)|A Clockwork Orange]]'', ''[[The Shining (filem)|The Shining]]'').<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11441807/June-Randall-script-supervisor-obituary.html June Randall, script supervisor - obituary]</ref> *[[Piet van der Sanden]], 90, pulitikus Walanda, anggota [[Parlemèn Walanda]] (1971–1972, 1973–1989), anggota [[Parlemèn Éropa]] (1973–1974).<ref>[http://www.parlement.com/id/vjqqhw8i5fs6/nieuws/voormalig_kvp_en_cda_tweede_kamerlid Voormalig KVP- en CDA-Tweede Kamerlid Piet van der Sanden overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Milt Schoon]], 92, juru main baskèt AS ([[Sheboygan Red Skins]]).<ref>[http://www.walworthcountytoday.com/20150121/milton_w_schoon_janesville_wi_1922_2015 Milton W. Schoon, Janesville, WI (1922-2015)]</ref> *[[Harish Chandra Srivastava]], 90, pulitikus India.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/senior-bjp-leader-harish-chandra-srivastava-passes-away/ Senior BJP leader Harish Chandra Srivastava passes away]</ref> *[[Yasuaki Taiho]], 51, juru main bisbol Jepang kalairan Taiwan ([[Chunichi Dragons]], [[Hanshin Tigers]]), léukémia myeloid akut.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp023000c.html |title=Taiwanese-born ballplayer Taiho dies of leukemia at age 51 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120044448/http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp023000c.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Dallas Taylor (juru main drum)|Dallas Taylor]], 66, juru main drum AS ([[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young]]).<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/music/news/dallas-taylor-former-crosby-stills-nash-young-drummer-dies-at-66-1201408369/# Dallas Taylor, Former Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young Drummer, Dies at 66]</ref> *[[Christine Valmy]], 88, ahli kosmètika AS kalairan Rumania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.romania-insider.com/romania-born-cosmetics-queen-christine-valmy-dies-at-88/139966/ |title=Romania-born “Cosmetics Queen” Christine Valmy dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121055902/http://www.romania-insider.com/romania-born-cosmetics-queen-christine-valmy-dies-at-88/139966/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Tony Verna]], 81, prodhuser télévisi AS, panemu ''[[instant replay]]'', léukemia.<ref>[http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/01/18/tony-verna-inventor-of-instant-replay-dies-at-81/ Tony Verna, Inventor Of Instant Replay, Dies At 81]</ref> *[[Kjell Arnljot Wig]], 90, tokoh média Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.vg.no/rampelys/tv/nrk/kjell-arnljot-wig-er-doed/a/23376678/ Kjell Arnljot Wig er død] {{no icon}}</ref> === 19 === *[[John Bilezikjian]], 66, musikus ''[[oud]]'' Arménia, lelara ginjel.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-john-bilezikjian-20150128-story.html Musician John Bilezikjian dies at 66; master of the Middle Eastern oud]</ref> *[[Rose Marie Brown]], 95, kontèstan putri ayu kacantikan AS, [[Miss Virginia]] (1939).<ref>[http://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2015/01/26/former-miss-virginia-from-suffolk-dies/ Former Miss Virginia from Suffolk dies]</ref> *[[Justin Capră]], 81, panemu Rumania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/romanian-who-claimed-to-invent-world-s-first-jetpack-dies-1.2197150 |title=Romanian who claimed to invent world's first jetpack dies |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2023-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425211316/https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/romanian-who-claimed-to-invent-world-s-first-jetpack-dies-1.2197150 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gordon Dickson (atlit)|Gordon Dickson]], 83, ulah ragawan layu maraton Kanadha.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.obitsforlife.com/obituary/1036193/Dickson-Gordon.php |title=Gordon Dickson Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203141337/http://www.obitsforlife.com/obituary/1036193/Dickson-Gordon.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Adam Yahiye Gadahn]], 36, tokoh [[al-Qaeda]] AS, serangan drone.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/world/asia/2-qaeda-hostages-were-accidentally-killed-in-us-raid-white-house-says.html Obama Apologizes After Drone Kills American and Italian Held by Al Qaeda]</ref> *[[Vera Gornostayeva]], 85, juru main lan guru piano Ruslan.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/eminent-russian-piano-teacher-has-died/ Eminent Russian piano teacher has died]</ref> *[[Michel Guimond]], 61, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota parlemèn kanggo [[Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord]] (1993–2011), heart failure.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/michel-guimond-ex-bloc-mp-dies-of-heart-failure-at-61-1.2918085 Michel Guimond, ex-Bloc MP, dies of heart failure at 61]</ref> *[[José María Hernández González]], 88, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Mèksiko, Biskop [[Chilapa]] (1983–1989) lan [[Netzahualcóyotl]] (1989–2003).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bhego.html Bishop José María Hernández González]</ref> *[[Oscar Hayes]], 47, musikus gospèl AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://praise1027detroit.hellobeautiful.com/549878/home-going-service-details-for-pastor-oscar-hayes/ |title=Home-going Service Details for Pastor Oscar Hayes |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413054127/http://praise1027detroit.hellobeautiful.com/549878/home-going-service-details-for-pastor-oscar-hayes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Arthit Kamlang-ek]], 89, Jèndral Thailand, [[List of Commanders of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters|Supreme Commander]] of the [[Royal Thai Armed Forces]] (1983–1986).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Former-Army-chief-Gen-Arthit-dies-at-89-30252171.html |title=Former Army chief Gen Arthit dies at 89 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121171548/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Former-Army-chief-Gen-Arthit-dies-at-89-30252171.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Vladimir Kesarev]], 84, juru main bal-balan Ruslan ([[FC Dynamo Moscow|Dynamo Moscow]]).<ref>[http://www.rusteam.permian.ru/players/kesarev.html Владимир КЕСАРЕВ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116114216/http://www.rusteam.permian.ru/players/kesarev.html |date=2020-01-16 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Anne Kirkbride]], 60, aktris Britania Raya (''[[Coronation Street]]''), kanker payudara.<ref>[http://www.itv.com/coronationstreet/news/anne-kirkbride Anne Kirkbride]</ref> *[[Rajni Kothari]], 85, ngèlmuwan pulitik India.<ref>[http://netindian.in/news/2015/01/19/00032268/eminent-political-scientist-rajni-kothari-passes-away Eminent political scientist Rajni Kothari passes away]</ref> *[[Robert Manzon]], 97, pambalap Formula One Prancis, pasintas pungkasan Kajawaran Kapisan Formula One.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-20/robert-manzon-last-racer-from-formula-ones-debut-season-dies/6026686 Formula One: French driver Robert Manzon, the last of the racers from F1's first season in 1950, dies at 97]</ref> *[[Mark Marquess (hoki ès)|Mark Marquess]], 89, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[Boston Bruins]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telfordschapel.com/runtime.php?NavigatorId=162955&SiteId=33377&ItemId=2034563 |title=Mark Marquess' Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206033921/http://www.telfordschapel.com/runtime.php?NavigatorId=162955&SiteId=33377&ItemId=2034563 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Reinaldo Oliver]], 82, ulah ragawan balang tumbak Puèrto Riko lan atlit olimpiade (1952, 1956).<ref>[http://www.primerahora.com/deportes/otros/nota/falleceelliderdeportivoreynaldopochioliver-1060069/ Fallece el líder deportivo Reynaldo “Pochi” Oliver] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Karl H. Pribram]], 95, tokoh pawiyatan lan ahli néurologi AS kalairan Ostenrik, kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.karlpribram.com/karl-pribram-1919-2015/ |title=Karl Pribram 1919-2015 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201191224/http://www.karlpribram.com/karl-pribram-1919-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bob Sadino]], pangusaha Indonésia.<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/20/eccentric-entrepreneur-bob-sadino-dies-75.html Eccentric entrepreneur Bob Sadino dies at 81]</ref> *[[Ward Swingle]], 87, musikus AS ([[The Swingle Singers]], [[Les Double Six]]).<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/the-founding-swingle-singer-has-died/ Sad news: The founding Swingle Singer has died]</ref> *[[Bob Symes]], 90, panemu lan pambiwara Britania Raya.<ref>[http://grahammuz.com/2015/01/19/rip-bob-symes-1924-2015/ RIP Bob Symes 1924 – 2015]</ref> *[[Reies Tijerina]], 88, aktivis ''[[chicano]]'' AS.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-reies-lopez-tijerina-20150123-story.html Reies Lopez Tijerina dies at 88; Chicano rights movement leader]</ref> *[[Gene S. Walker, Sr.]], 88, pangusaha AS lan wong sing nduwé paternakan.<ref>[http://www.lmtonline.com/front-news/article_505aa17c-a0dd-11e4-a4b0-8bc85872181d.html Well-known rancher Gene S. Walker Sr. has died]</ref> *[[Peter Wallenberg, Sr.]], 88, bankir lan industrialis Swèdhen, batrik [[Kulawarga Wallenberg]].<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-peter-wallenberg-20150120-story.html Peter Wallenberg dies at 88; head of dynasty compared to Rockefellers]</ref> === 20 === *[[Canserbero]], 26, musikus rap Vènèzuéla, nglalu déné mencolot.<ref>[http://www.latinpost.com/articles/32881/20150120/ak-canserbero-dead-rapper-tirone-gonz%C3%A1lez-cause-death-reportedly-suicide.htm AK Canserbero Dead: Rapper Tirone González Cause of Death Reportedly Suicide Following Alleged Murder of Zion TPL Bassist]</ref> *[[James L. Fowler]], 84, vètèran militèr AS, sing ngedegaké [[Marine Corps Marathon]].<ref>[http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/story/military/2015/01/22/james-fowler-marine-corps-marathon-founder-dies/22161061/ Colonel behind Marine Corps Marathon dies]</ref> *[[Edgar Froese]], 70, musikus Jerman ([[Tangerine Dream]]), embolisme paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6450793/tangerine-dream-edgar-froese-dies Tangerine Dream Founder Edgar Froese Dead at 70]</ref> *[[Melvin Gordon (pangusaha)|Melvin Gordon]], 95, èksèkutif bisnis AS, CEO [[Tootsie Roll Industries]] (wiwit 1962).<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2015-01-21/tootsie-roll-s-95-year-old-ceo-dies-his-wife-takes-the-reins.html Tootsie Roll's 95-Year-Old CEO Dies; His Wife Takes Reins]</ref> *[[Lawrence Hogben]], 98, prawira angkatan sagara lan ahli météorologi Sélandia Anyar.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11449835/Lawrence-Hogben-D-Day-meteorologist-obituary.html Lawrence Hogben obituary]</ref> *[[Anatol Hrytskievich]], 85, sajarawan Bélarus.<ref>[http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/26804308.html Памёр Анатоль Грыцкевіч] {{be icon}}</ref> *[[Graeme Hugo]], 68, ahli démografi lan géografi Australia, kanker.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-20/graeme-hugo-demographer-and-academic-dies-aged-68/6028850 Graeme Hugo, distinguished demographer and academic, dies aged 68]</ref> *[[Herman E. Lauhoff]], 81, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Texas]] (1974&ndash;1981).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Herman-Lauhoff&lc=7469&pid=173936158&mid=6290656 |title=Herman Lauhoff Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220918/http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Herman-Lauhoff&lc=7469&pid=173936158&mid=6290656 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Rose Marie McCoy]], 92, panulis AS ("[[It Hurts Me to My Heart]]", "[[Don't Be Angry]]", "[[Tryin' to Get to You]]", "[[It's Gonna Work Out Fine]]").<ref>[http://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/2015-01-29/rose-mccoy.html Rose McCoy]</ref> *[[Gloria D. Miklowitz]], 87, panulis AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?pid=173959040 Gloria D. Miklowitz]</ref> *[[Wilfride Piollet]], 71, juru main balèt lan ahli koréografi Prancis, kanker.<ref>[http://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2015/01/27/mort-de-wilfride-piollet-etoile-de-l-opera-de-paris_4564630_3382.html Mort de Wilfride Piollet, étoile de l’Opéra de Paris] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Peter Pontiac]], 63, juru gambar kartun Walanda, pamenang [[Stripschapprijs]] (1997), lelara lèver.<ref>[http://nos.nl/artikel/2014501-striptekenaar-peter-pontiac-overleden.html Striptekenaar Peter Pontiac overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Bette Rogge]], 92, pambiwara radio lan télévisi AS.<ref>[http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/news/local/radio-and-tv-pioneer-rogge-has-died/njsZ2/ Local radio and TV pioneer dies]</ref> *[[William Roffler]], 84, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Philadelphia Eagles]]), pnéumonia.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Former-WSU-star-William-Roffler-dies-at-84-6030702.php Former WSU star William Roffler dies at 84]</ref> *[[Hitoshi Saito]], 54, judoka Jepang, jawara Olimpiade (1984, 1988), kanker saluran empedhu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp057000c.html |title=Two-time Olympic judo champion Saito dies at age 54 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123000051/http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp057000c.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ricardo dos Santos]], 24, juru main selancar Brazilia, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-30909626 Shock as Brazilian surfer Ricardo dos Santos shot dead]</ref> *[[Jerome Van Sistine]], 89, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Wisconsin]] (1977–1993).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/greenbaypressgazette/obituary.aspx?n=jerome-vansistine&pid=173918300&fhid=14146 Jerome VanSistine]</ref> *[[James Walker (panulis)|James Walker]], 41, panulis télévisi Australia (''[[Neighbours]]''), diabétes.<ref>[http://tenplay.com.au/channel-eleven/neighbours/show-news/james-walker James Walker]</ref> === 21 === *[[George Atkins (juru main bal-balan Amérikah Sarékat)|George Atkins]], 82, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Detroit Lions]]).<ref>[http://obits.al.com/obituaries/birmingham/obituary.aspx?pid=173947403 George Arthur Atkins]</ref> *[[Marcus Borg]], 72, ahli Alkitab lan téologi AS (''[[Jesus Seminar]]''), fibrosis idiopatik paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.religionnews.com/2015/01/22/marcus-borg-leading-liberal-theologian-historical-jesus-expert-dies-72/ Marcus Borg, leading liberal theologian and historical Jesus expert, dies at 72]</ref> *[[Leon Brittan]], 75, pulitikus Britania, ''Mantri Dalam Negeri'' (1983–1985), Wakil Présidèn Komisi Éropa (1999), kanker.<ref>[http://www.itv.com/news/update/2015-01-22/lord-brittan-former-home-secretary-dies-aged-75/ Former Home Secretary Lord Brittan dies aged 75]</ref> *[[Vince Camuto]], 78, désainer alas sikil AS ([[Nine West]]), kanker prostat.<ref>[http://www.eonline.com/news/617178/legendary-footwear-designer-vince-camuto-dies-at-78 Legendary Footwear Designer Vince Camuto Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Emmanuel Carter]], 85, pulitikus Trinidad, Présidèn Sénat (1990–1995), Présidèn pamangku kalungguhan (1990) nalika [[Kudéta Jamaat al Muslimeen]].<ref>[http://www.newsday.co.tt/news/0,205904.html Former Acting President Carter dies at 85]</ref> *[[Frieda Dänzer]], 84, juru main ski Alpen Switserlan, pamenang medali pirak Olimpiade (1956).<ref>[http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/region/thun/Sie-war-ein-Skistar-der-fruehen-Jahre/story/18385906 Sie war ein Skistar der frühen Jahre] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[George W. Downs (ahli pulitik)|George W. Downs]], 68, ngèlmuwan pulitik AS, gagal jantung.<ref>[http://politics.as.nyu.edu/docs/CP/1286/Remembering_George_Downs_1946-2015.pdf Remembering George Downs, 1946-2015]</ref> *[[George Goodwin (wartawan)|George Goodwin]], 97, wartawan AS, pamenang [[Bebungah Pulitzer]] (1948).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://saportareport.com/blog/2015/01/george-goodwin-prize-winning-journalist-and-dean-of-atlantas-image-boosters-passes-away/comment-page-1/ |title=George Goodwin, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and dean of Atlanta’s PR industry, passes away |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122110659/http://saportareport.com/blog/2015/01/george-goodwin-prize-winning-journalist-and-dean-of-atlantas-image-boosters-passes-away/comment-page-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harry Gordon (wartawan)|Harry Gordon]], 89, sajarawan Olimpiade Australia, wartawan lan panyunting koran.<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/journalist-harry-gordon-dies-aged-89-20150122-12vmda.html Journalist Harry Gordon dies, aged 89]</ref> *[[Martin Honeysett]], 71, panganggit kartun Britania.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11363017/Martin-Honeysett-cartoonist-obituary.html Martin Honeysett, cartoonist - obituary]</ref> *[[Frank Hooley]], 91, pulitik Britania Raya, anggota parlemèn kanggo [[Sheffield Heeley]] (1966–1970, 1974–1983).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bmdsonline.co.uk/birmingham-mail/obituary/hooley-frank/40577432 |title=HOOLEY Frank Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192638/http://www.bmdsonline.co.uk/birmingham-mail/obituary/hooley-frank/40577432 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Waldemar Kmentt]], 85, ahli ténor Ostenrik.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/vienna-mourns-a-stalwart-tenor/ Vienna mourns a stalwart tenor]</ref> *[[Roy Noble Lee]], 99, kakim AS, Kakim Agung Mahkamah Agung [[Mississippi]] (1987–1993).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wjtv.com/story/27908348/former-supreme-court-chief-justice-roy-noble-lee-passes |title=Former Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Noble Lee Passes |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122101835/http://www.wjtv.com/story/27908348/former-supreme-court-chief-justice-roy-noble-lee-passes |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Johnnie Lewis]], 68, pangacara lan pulitikus Libéria, Kakim Agung Libéria (2006–2012).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://monroviainquirer.com/2015/01/22/former-chief-justice-johnnie-lewis-is-dead/ |title=Former Chief Justice Johnnie Lewis Is Dead |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122180900/http://monroviainquirer.com/2015/01/22/former-chief-justice-johnnie-lewis-is-dead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Kemal Monteno]], 66, panyanyi Bosnia, pnéumonia lan sèpsis.<ref>[http://www.sarajevotimes.com/kemal-monteno-famous-singer-died/ Kemal Monteno, a Famous Singer, Died]</ref> *[[Keith Rayner (ahli psikologi)|Keith Rayner]], 71, ahli psikologi kognitif AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/saltlaketribune/obituary.aspx?pid=173989313 Keith Rayner]</ref> *[[Marshall Schlom]], 86, pangawas skrip AS (''[[Psycho (1960 filem)|Psycho]]'', ''[[Perry Mason]]'', ''[[Rain Man]]''), komplikasi amarga tiba.<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/marshall-schlom-dead-script-supervisor-767301 Marshall Schlom, Script Supervisor for Hitchcock, Kramer and Nichols, Dies at 86]</ref> *[[Chin Shunshin]], 90, panulis Jepang.<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20150121_36.html Japanese novelist Chin Shunshin dies]</ref> *[[Pauline Yates]], 85, aktris Inggris (''[[The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin]]'').<ref>[http://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2015/01/22/21692/pauline_yates,_aka_mrs_reggie_perrin,_dies_at_85 Pauline Yates, aka Mrs Reggie Perrin, dies at 85]</ref> === 22=== *[[Don Bryant (bisbol)|Don Bryant]], 73, juru main bisbol AS ([[Houston Astros]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/timesunion/obituary.aspx?n=donald-ray-bear-bryant&pid=173993022&fhid=5743 Donald Bryant obituary]</ref> *[[Peggy Charren]], 86, aktivis TV bocah AS.<ref>[https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/01/22/peggy-charren-cofounder-action-for-children-television-was-awarded-presidential-medal-freedom/fsk3iyiNmmLlcWgW30DW7M/story.html Peggy Charren, children’s TV pioneer, dies at 86]</ref> *[[Wendell H. Ford]], 90, pulitikus AS, Gubernur [[Kentucky]] (1971–1974), anggota [[U.S. Senate]] (1974–1999), kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/us/politics/wendell-h-ford-kentucky-governor-and-senator-dies-at-90.html?_r=0 Wendell H. Ford, Kentucky Governor and Senator, Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Margaret Bloy Graham]], 94, ilustrator buku bocah Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx?pid=173945907 MARGARET BLOY GRAHAM]</ref> *[[Joan Hinde]], 81, juru main trompèt lan panglipur Inggris.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.midhurstandpetworth.co.uk/news/local/britain-s-first-lady-of-the-trumpet-passes-away-in-chichester-1-6540256 |title=Britain’s First Lady of the Trumpet passes away in Chichester |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128133042/http://www.midhurstandpetworth.co.uk/news/local/britain-s-first-lady-of-the-trumpet-passes-away-in-chichester-1-6540256 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[René Jodoin]], 94, prodhuser lan sutradara animasi Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.animationmagazine.net/people/nfb-french-animation-founder-rene-jodoin-dies/ NFB French Animation Founder René Jodoin Dies]</ref> *[[Tommy Mason]], 75, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Minnesota Vikings]], [[Los Angeles Rams]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mynews3.com/content/news/story/Vikings-first-draft-pick-Mason-dies/wv7bX6hd20aNJu_TPza-kg.cspx |title=Vikings' first draft pick Mason dies |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123021057/http://www.mynews3.com/content/news/story/Vikings-first-draft-pick-Mason-dies/wv7bX6hd20aNJu_TPza-kg.cspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Fabrizio de Miranda]], 88, insinyur yasan Italia lan profèsor universitas.<ref>[http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/p/genova/2015/01/23/ARie2HHD-milano_miranda_sopraelevata.shtml Addio al papà della Sopraelevata, morto a Milano De Miranda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025638/http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/p/genova/2015/01/23/ARie2HHD-milano_miranda_sopraelevata.shtml |date=2015-11-17 }} {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Franco Nicolazzi]], 90, pulitikus Italia, anggota Parlemèn Italia (1963–1990), Sékretaris Parté Démokratis Sosialis Italia (1985–1988).<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2015/01/22/morto-ex-ministro-franco-nicolazzi-fu-segretario-del-psdi-_c02a8a1b-b8cc-4835-8856-69967f59566d.html Morto ex ministro Franco Nicolazzi, fu segretario del Psdi] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Kel O'Shea]], 81, juru main liga rugbi Australia ([[Western Suburbs Magpies|Western Suburbs]]).<ref>[http://www.couriermail.com.au/sport/nrl/kangaroos-great-kel-oshea-who-linked-with-norm-provan-is-mourned/story-fniabjcr-1227195046095 Kangaroos great Kel O'Shea mourned]</ref> *[[Wayne Quinton]], 94, insinyur biomédis AS.<ref>[http://seattletimes.com/html/obituaries/2025624240_quintonobitxml.html Wayne Quinton, UW’s ‘father of bioengineering,’ dies at 94]</ref> *[[Dacia Valent]], 51, pulitikus Italia kalairan Somalia, anggota Parlemèn Éropa (1989–1994), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cronaca/2015/01/26/dacia-valent_1dd38db9-1c0d-47e9-a68d-f10697bb713d.html Morta Dacia Valent, dalle battaglie antirazziste al carcere] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Lawrence Paul Zatkoff]], 75, jaksa féderal AS, kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thealpenanews.com/page/content.detail/id/781447/Port-Huron-federal-Judge-Lawrence-Zatkoff-dies-at-age-75.html?isap=1&nav=5012 |title=Port Huron federal Judge Lawrence Zatkoff dies at age 75 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206211450/http://www.thealpenanews.com/page/content.detail/id/781447/Port-Huron-federal-Judge-Lawrence-Zatkoff-dies-at-age-75.html?isap=1&nav=5012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 23 === * [[Abdullah saka Saudi Arabia|Raja Abdullah]] saka [[Saudi Arabia]], 90, Raja wiwit taun 2005, komplikasi pnéumonia.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/22/middleeast/saudi-arabia-king-abdullah-dies/index.html Saudi Arabia's 'reformer' King Abdullah dies]</ref> *[[Ernie Banks]], 83, juru main bisbol AS ([[Chicago Cubs]]), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.mercurynews.com/sports/ci_27383742/mr-cub-ernie-banks-dies-at-83 'Mr. Cub' Ernie Banks dies at 83]</ref> *[[Jalynn Bennett]], 71, konsultan lan diréktur korporat Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/jalynn-bennett-pioneering-female-executive-dies-at-71/article22636608/ Jalynn Bennett, pioneering female executive, dies at 71]</ref> *[[Betty Jane Diener]], 74, pulitikus AS, Mantri Perdagangan Virginia (1982–1986), fibrosis paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/betty-jane-diener-blunt-virginia-secretary-of-commerce-in-1980s-dies/2015/02/17/6976cac4-b621-11e4-a200-c008a01a6692_story.html Betty Jane Diener, blunt Virginia secretary of commerce in 1980s, dies]</ref> *[[Marc Dufour]], 73, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[New York Rangers]], [[Los Angeles Kings]]).<ref>[http://www.richardphilibert.ca/blog-single.php?id=1685 Dufour, M. Marc] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Prosper Ego]], 87, aktivis Walanda, pangadeg [[Oud-Strijders Legioen]].<ref>[http://www.refoportaal.nl/nieuws/details/15305/OSL-oprichter_P.J.G.A._Ego_overleden/ OSL-oprichter P.J.G.A. Ego overleden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001350/http://www.refoportaal.nl/nieuws/details/15305/OSL-oprichter_P.J.G.A._Ego_overleden/ |date=2016-03-04 }} {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Nol Heijerman]], 74, juru main bal-balan Walanda ([[Sparta Rotterdam|Sparta]]).<ref>[http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1434/Sparta-Rotterdam/article/detail/3836758/2015/01/24/Beatle-van-Sparta-Nol-Heijerman-overleden.dhtml 'Beatle van Sparta' Nol Heijerman overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Simma Holt]], 92, wartawan lan pulitikus Kanadha, anggota DPRD [[Vancouver Kingsway]] (1974–1979).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/1219255-i-was-born-to-care-the-legendary-simma-holt-dies-at-92/ |title=‘I was born to care': The Legendary Simma Holt Dies at 92 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727161258/http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/1219255-i-was-born-to-care-the-legendary-simma-holt-dies-at-92/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Barrie Ingham]], 82, aktris Inggris (''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[A Challenge for Robin Hood]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/events/performing-arts/barrie-ingham-actor-and-voice-of-great-mouse-detec/njwfS/ |title=Barrie Ingham, actor and voice of ‘Great Mouse Detective,’ dies at 83 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215112727/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/events/performing-arts/barrie-ingham-actor-and-voice-of-great-mouse-detec/njwfS/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Nick Koback]], 79, juru main bisbol AS ([[Pittsburgh Pirates]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/hartfordcourant/obituary.aspx?n=Nicholas-N-Koback&pid=173964694 Nicholas N. Koback obituary]</ref> *[[Svein Døvle Larssen]], 86, panyunting koran Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.tb.no/Redakt_rlegende_er_d_d-5-76-21492.html Redaktørlegende er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Alexander Lastin]], 38, ''grandmaster'' catur Ruslan.<ref>[http://chess-news.ru/en/node/17945 Alexander Lastin Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Pedro Lemebel]], 62, panulis Chile, kanker telak.<ref>[http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/surreal-end-unforgettable-queen-pedro-lemebel-1952-2015 A Surreal End for an Unforgettable Queen: Pedro Lemebel, 1952-2015]</ref> *[[Les McMahon]], 84, pulitikus Australia, anggota DPR [[Australia]] kanggo [[Sydney]] (1975&ndash;1983).<ref>[http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;orderBy=customrank;page=0;query=james%20mcmahon;rec=1;resCount=Default CONDOLENCES: McMahon, Mr James Leslie (Les)]</ref> *[[Bud Miller]], 91, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota DPRD [[Alberta]] (1971–1986).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/edmontonjournal/obituary.aspx?pid=173979561 James "Bud" MILLER Notice]</ref> *[[M. S. Narayana]], 63, aktor Telugu filem India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.25cineframes.com/official-death-news-m-s-narayana-garu-passes-away-he-is-no-more.html |title=Official Death News : M S Narayana Garu passes away he is no more |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220049/http://www.25cineframes.com/official-death-news-m-s-narayana-garu-passes-away-he-is-no-more.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jackie Selebi]], 64, prawira pulisi Afrika Kidul, Komisaris Pulisi (2000–2009), lelara ginjel.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/23/us-safrica-selebi-idUSKBN0KW10F20150123 Disgraced former South Africa police chief Selebi dies]</ref> *[[Frank Sims]], 93, pambiwara bisbol AS.<ref>[http://obits.ocregister.com/obituaries/orangecounty/obituary.aspx?n=frank-j-sims&pid=174013101&eid=sp_ommatch&eid=sp_ommatch FRANK J. SIMS]</ref> === 24 === *[[Stig Bergling]], 77, prawira dines intèlijèn Swèdhen sing didakwa olèhé cidra; lelara Parkinson lan paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/stig-bergling-spy-who-gave-the-soviets-thousands-of-documents-and-made-an-escape-which-caused-a-scandal-in-sweden-10014831.html Stig Bergling: Spy who gave the Soviets thousands of documents and made an escape which caused a scandal in Sweden]</ref> *[[Robert Bonnaventure]], 94, juru balap pit Prancis.<ref>[http://veloquercy.over-blog.com/article-deces-de-robert-bonnaventure-125431601.html Décès de Robert Bonnaventure] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Peter Bridges (pastur)|Peter Bridges]], 89, pastur Anglikan Britania, Dékan Agung Southend (1972–1977), Coventry (1977–1983) and Warwick (1983–1990). *[[Link Byfield]], 63, panulis kolom Kanadha aliran konservatif, pulitikus lan pambabar, kanker lèver lan gulu.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/link-byfield-columnist-politician-and-publisher-dead-at-63-1.2931321 Link Byfield, columnist, politician and publisher, dead at 63]</ref> *[[Julio Canessa]], 89, pulitikus lan Jèndral Chile, anggota Pamaréntah Junta Chile (1983–1985), Sénator (1998–2006).<ref>[http://www.24horas.cl/nacional/fallece-julio-canessa-miembro-de-la-junta-militar-y-senador-designado-1565661 Fallece Julio Canessa, miembro de la Junta Militar y senador designado] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Otto Carius]], 92, pamimpir tank Jerman nalika Perang Donya II.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ftr.wot-news.com/2015/01/24/otto-carius-passed-away/ |title=Otto Carius Passed Away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126224430/http://ftr.wot-news.com/2015/01/24/otto-carius-passed-away/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Maria Cerra]], 96, juru main anggar AS ([[Olimpiade Mangsa Panas 1948]]).<ref>[http://www.northjersey.com/news/maria-cerra-tishman-olympic-fencer-and-teacher-in-oakland-dies-at-96-1.1259376 Maria Cerra Tishman, Olympic fencer and teacher in Oakland, dies at 96]</ref> *[[Aisha Choudhary]], panulis lan pawicara motivasional India.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/pendrive-remembering-aisha-chaudhary/ Pendrive Remembering Aisha Chaudhary]</ref> *[[Toller Cranston]], 65, juru main sekat Kanadha, pamenang medali prunggu Olimpiade (Olimpiade Mangsa Atis 1976), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.thestar.com/sports/2015/01/24/toller-cranston-figure-skating-legend-dies-in-mexico-at-age-65.html Toller Cranston, figure skating legend, dies in Mexico at age 65]</ref> *[[Maria Della Costa]], 89, aktris Brazilia (''[[Brasileiras e Brasileiros]]''), edema paru-paru.<ref>[http://g1.globo.com/jornal-nacional/noticia/2015/01/atriz-maria-della-costa-morre-aos-89-anos-no-rio.html Atriz Maria Della Costa morre aos 89 anos no Rio] {{pt icon}}</ref> *[[Floyd Dunn]], 90, insinyur listrik AS.<ref>[http://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/2015-01-28/floyd-dunn.html Floyd Dunn]</ref> *[[Johan Ferner]], 87, palaut Nurwègen, pamenang medali pirak (1952).<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/1952-olympic-silver-medalist-ferner-dies-114340824.html 1952 Olympic silver medalist Ferner dies]</ref> *[[Eric Fitzgibbon]], 78, pulitikus Australia, anggota Parlemèn Australia kanggo Hunter (1984–1996).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theherald.com.au/story/2838598/tributes-for-former-hunter-mp-eric-fitzgibbon/ |title=Tributes for former Hunter MP Eric Fitzgibbon, dead at 78 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807083217/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/2838598/tributes-for-former-hunter-mp-eric-fitzgibbon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Joe Franklin]], 88, pambiwara radio lan TV AS, kanker prostat.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/joe-franklin-dead-88-article-1.2090911 Joe Franklin 'King of Nostalgia' dead at 88]</ref> *[[Sir David Graaff, 3rd Baronet]], 74, pangusaha anggur (minuman) Afrika Kidul.<ref>[http://www.wine.co.za/news/news.aspx?NEWSID=26193 Sir David Graaff owner of De Grendel: RIP]</ref> *[[Muhammad Ibrahim Habsade]], 62, pulitikus lan prajurit ngraman Somalia, diabétes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/1546/somalia-federal-mp-dies-in-mogadishu |title=Somalia: Federal MP dies in Mogadishu |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044753/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/1546/somalia-federal-mp-dies-in-mogadishu |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Frances Lennon]], 102, artis Britania.<ref>[http://www.messengernewspapers.co.uk/news/11759286.Frances_Lennon___popular_and_prolific_Trafford_artist_dies/ Frances Lennon - popular and prolific Trafford artist dies]</ref> *[[V. S. Raghavan]], 90, aktor Tamil India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kollytalk.com/cinenews/veteran-actor-vs-raghavan-passes-away-90-214350.html |title=Veteran actor VS Raghavan passes away at 90 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2016-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226042254/http://www.kollytalk.com/cinenews/veteran-actor-vs-raghavan-passes-away-90-214350.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Alfred H. Savage]], 84, pagawé nagara Kananda, manajer [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (1981–1987).<ref>[http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/01/29/obituary-former-ttc-chief-alfred-savage-launched-the-scarborough-rt.html Obituary Former TTC chief Alfred Savage launched the Scarborough RT]</ref> *[[Joan Serra]], 87, juru main polo banyu Olimpiade Spanyol (1948, 1952).<ref>[http://www.mundodeportivo.com/20150124/waterpolo/fallece-joan-serra-portero-espanol-en-los-jjoo-de-londres-48-y-helsinki-52_54424771817.html Fallece Joan Serra, portero español en los JJOO de Londres'48 y Helsinki'52] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Fred Shank]], 74, ahli nutrisi AS.<ref>[http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Fred-Shank&lc=7535&pid=173988339&mid=6297917 In Memory of Fred Ross Shank II]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Daniel R. Simpson]], 87, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD lan Sénat [[North Carolina]], pikun.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/newsobserver/obituary.aspx?pid=173964185 Dan Simpson Obituary]</ref> *[[Peter Westervelt]], 95, fisikawan AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/providence/obituary-preview.aspx?n=peter-westervelt&pid=174067145&referrer=519 Peter Westervelt Obituary]</ref> *[[Tengku Intan Zaharah]], 86, bangsawan Malaysia, [[Raja Permaisuri Agong]] (1965–1970).<ref>[http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v7/bm/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1103551 Tengku Ampuan Tua Terengganu Tengku Intan Zaharah Mangkat] {{ms icon}}</ref> === 25 === *[[Zulkifli Abdhir]], 48-49, téroris lan wong nggawé bom saka Malaysia, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/wanted-al-qaeda-linked-islamist-believed-dead-philippines-raid-fbi-n300116 Wanted Al Qaeda-Linked Islamist Believed Dead in Philippines Raid: FBI]</ref> *[[Robert Atkinson (businessman)|Sir Robert Atkinson]], 98, pangusaha Britania lan prawira angkatan sagara.<ref>[http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/obituaries/article4338737.ece Sir Robert Atkinson]</ref> *[[Rose Cabat]], 100, ahli keramik studio AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/tucson/obituary.aspx?pid=173992736 Rose Cabat Obituary]</ref> *[[Mari Ellis]], 101, panulis Britania lan aktivis hak-hak wanita.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/mari-ellis-writer-who-worked-for-the-new-wales-union-and-championed-womens-rights-10109209.html Mari Ellis: Writer who worked for the New Wales Union and championed women’s rights]</ref> *[[Pauline Fisk]], 66, panulis Britania, kanker.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/feb/26/pauline-fisk Pauline Fisk obituary]</ref> *[[Demetrio González]], 87, aktor Mèksiko kalairan Spanyol (''[[Dos Corazones y un Cielo]]'') lan panyanyi, komplikasi setruk.<ref>[http://www.aztecanoticias.com.mx/notas/entretenimiento/211518/muere-demetrio-gonzalez-el-charro-espanol Muere Demetrio González "El Charro Español"] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Pierre Gosnat]], 66, pulitikus Prancis, kanker.<ref>[http://www.leparisien.fr/diaporama/en-images-ivry-l-adieu-a-pierre-gosnat-31-01-2015-4495363.php?pic=2#contTitre EN IMAGES. Ivry : l'adieu à Pierre Gosnat] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Godfrey Kalimugogo]], 71, panulis Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/OpEdColumnists/MuniiniMulera/Kalimugogo-inspired-us-in-life--challenges-us-in-death/-/878676/2603016/-/cat7nez/-/index.html |title=Kalimugogo inspired us in life, challenges us in death |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206211729/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/OpEdColumnists/MuniiniMulera/Kalimugogo-inspired-us-in-life--challenges-us-in-death/-/878676/2603016/-/cat7nez/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[John Leggett]], 97, panulis AS, direktur [[Iowa Writers' Workshop]], pneumonia.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-john-leggett-20150201-story.html John 'Jack' Leggett, mentor of emerging authors, dies at 97]</ref> *[[Giancarlo Ligabue]], 83, ahli paléontologi Italia (panemu [[Ligabueino]]), pangusaha lan pulitikus [[Forza Europa]].<ref>[http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Addio-a-Giancarlo-Ligabue-Venezia-piange-il-celebre-imprenditore-e-paleontologo-488ca869-af8e-4b83-80d1-4a43d2beccbd.html Addio a giancarlo ligabue: venezia piange il celebre imprenditore e paleontologo] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Sarojini Mahishi]], 88, pulitikus lan juru alihbasa India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Ex-Union-Minister-Sarojini-Mahishi-Passes-Away/2015/01/26/article2637280.ece |title=Ex-Union Minister Sarojini Mahishi Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142026/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Ex-Union-Minister-Sarojini-Mahishi-Passes-Away/2015/01/26/article2637280.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Richard McBrien]], 78, pastur lan ahli téologi Katulik Roma saka AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ncronline.org/news/people/fr-richard-mcbrien-theologian-has-died |title=Fr. Richard McBrien, theologian, has died |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127193830/http://ncronline.org/news/people/fr-richard-mcbrien-theologian-has-died |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bill Monbouquette]], 78, juru main bisbol AS ([[Boston Red Sox]]).<ref>[http://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2015/01/26/former-red-sox-pitcher-ben-monbouquette-dies/sXeMPgSs04iSUOdFEyz75O/story.html Former Red Sox pitcher Bill Monbouquette dies at 78]</ref> *[[Don O'Hearn]], 86, juru main ès hoki Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/2015/01/27/sports-community-mourns-loss-of-nip-ohearn Sports community mourns loss of Nip O'Hearn]</ref> *[[Demis Roussos]], 68, panyanyi Yunani kalairan Mesir ("[[Forever and Ever (lagu Demis Roussos)|Forever and Ever]]").<ref>[http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/01/26/famous-greek-singer-demis-roussos-dies-dead/ Famous Greek Singer Demis Roussos Dies at 68]</ref> *[[Ian Towers]], 74, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]], [[Oldham Athletic]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.burnleyexpress.net/news/local/ex-claret-ian-towers-dies-1-7071177 |title=Ex Claret Ian Towers dies |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206212549/http://www.burnleyexpress.net/news/local/ex-claret-ian-towers-dies-1-7071177 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ernst Träger]], 88, kakim Jerman.<ref>[http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2015/bvg15-006.html Der ehemalige Richter des Bundesverfassungsgerichts Ernst Träger ist verstorben] {{de icon}}</ref> === 26 === *[[R. J. Adams]], 72, aktor AS (''[[Rocky IV]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://radioinsight.com/community/topic/bob-shannon-has-died/ |title=Bob Shannon has died |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414000154/http://radioinsight.com/community/topic/bob-shannon-has-died/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Henk Bloemers]], 69, juru main bal-balan Walanda ([[FC Eindhoven]]).<ref>[http://www.ed.nl/sport/voetbal/fc-eindhoven/mister-evv-henk-bloemers-69-overleden-1.4733602 'Mister EVV' Henk Bloemers (69) overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Miguel Ángel Cascallana]], 66, juru main bal tangan Olimpiade Spanyol (1972).<ref>[http://www.larazon.es/detalle_normal/noticias/8549768/deportes+balonmano/fallece-el-ex-internacional-de-balonmano-miguel-angel-cascallana#.Ttt18gXiXhCa9Si Fallece el ex internacional de balonmano Miguel Ángel Cascallana] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Edwin A. Colvin]], 87, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Vermont]] (1975–1982).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/rutlandherald/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=173990386 Edwin Colvin Obituary]</ref> *[[Cleven "Goodie" Goudeau]], 83, seniman kartu ucapan AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/news/ci_27395442/vallejos-art-icon-goodie-goudeau-dies-at-84 |title=Vallejo's art icon Goodie Goudeau dies at 83 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206225828/http://www.contracostatimes.com/news/ci_27395442/vallejos-art-icon-goodie-goudeau-dies-at-84 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Howard C. Hawkins]], 82, produsèn piranti pit AS ([[Park Tool]]).<ref>[http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27405034/twin-cities-bike-repair-pioneer-howard-hawkins-dies Twin Cities bike repair pioneer Howard Hawkins dies at 82]</ref> *[[Stephen R. Johnson]], 63, sutradara TV lan vidéo klip AS ("[[Sledgehammer (lagu Peter Gabriel)|Sledgehammer]]").<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?pid=174043763 Stephen R. Johnson Obituary]</ref> *[[Begum Kulsum Saifullah Khan]], 91, pangusaha lan pulitikus Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-298378-Begum-Kulsum-Saifullah-passes-away |title=Begum Kulsum Saifullah passes away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028071648/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-298378-Begum-Kulsum-Saifullah-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[R. K. Laxman]], 93, ahli gambar kartun India, ilustrator lan humoris, gagal sawetara organ awak.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Eminent-cartoonist-RK-Laxman-dies-at-94/articleshow/46021781.cms Eminent cartoonist RK Laxman dies at 94]</ref> *[[Neil Levang]], 83, musikus AS (''[[The Lawrence Welk Show]]'').<ref>[http://www.vintageguitar.com/20094/noted-guitarist-neil-levang-passes/ Noted Guitarist Neil LeVang Passes]</ref> *[[Lucjan Lis]], 64, pambalap pit Polen, pamenang medali pirak Olimpiade (1972).<ref>[http://sport.wp.pl/kat,1848,title,Nie-zyje-legenda-polskiego-kolarstwa,wid,17213700,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=1143e6 Nie żyje legenda polskiego kolarstwa] {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[Lester McCumbers]], 93, juru main piyul AS.<ref>[http://www.newsandsentinel.com/page/content.detail/id/603642/Lester-Virgil-McCumbers.html?nav=5062 Lester Virgil McCumbers]</ref> *[[Sidewalk Sam]], 75, seniman AS.<ref>[http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/01/27/sidewalk-sam-boston-street-artist-robert-guillemin-created-murals-and-magic-city-walkways/4rjhqwEvn8BbUtMW4VLT7K/story.html Sidewalk Sam, artist who turned streets into canvas, dies at 75]</ref> *[[Lee Spick]], 34, juru main ''snooker'' Inggris, lelara lèver.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/article/663/9681483/snookers-lee-spick-dies-aged-34 |title=Snooker's Spick dies, aged 34 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129050122/http://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/article/663/9681483/snookers-lee-spick-dies-aged-34 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Charles Thomas (athlete)|Charles Thomas]], 82, atlit lumayu AS lan palatih atlètik.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.texassports.com/news/2015/1/28/XC_TF_0128150814.aspx |title=Former Longhorn great Thomas passes away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929134820/http://texassports.com/news/2015/1/28/XC_TF_0128150814.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Tom Uren]], 93, pulitikus Australia, anggota Parlemèn Australia kanggo [[Reid]] (1958–1990).<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-26/tom-uren-former-whitlam-minister-dead/6046340 Former Whitlam minister and deputy Labor leader Tom Uren dies aged 93]</ref> *[[Rositsa Yanakieva]], 60, pulitikus lan kimiawan Bulgaria, wakil pangrèh Parlemèn Bulgaria (wiwit 2014), weton getih sajeroning polo.<ref>[http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=166161 Bulgaria Deputy Parliament Speaker Dies Aged 60]</ref> === 27 === *[[Wilfred Agbonavbare]], 48, juru main bal-balan Nigéria ([[Rayo Vallecano]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Nigéria]]), kanker.<ref>[http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/01/27/primera/1422351508_840231.html Fallece Wilfred Agbonavbare, el exportero del Rayo Vallecano] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Rafael Corrales Ayala]], 89, pulitikus Mèksiko, anggota parlemèn [[Guanajuato]] (1949–1952, 1979–1982), Gubernur Guanajuato (1985–1991).<ref>[http://www.am.com.mx/leon/local/fallece-rafael-corrales-ayala-176423.html Fallece Rafael Corrales Ayala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206222257/http://www.am.com.mx/leon/local/fallece-rafael-corrales-ayala-176423.html |date=2015-02-06 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Rocky Bridges]], 87, juru main bisbol AS ([[Cincinnati Reds]], [[Minnesota Twins|Washington Senators]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.spokesman.com/stories/2015/jan/29/rocky-bridges-career-baseball-man-dies-coeur-dalen/ |title=Former Dodger, Rocky Bridges, dies in Coeur d’Alene |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202041808/http://m.spokesman.com/stories/2015/jan/29/rocky-bridges-career-baseball-man-dies-coeur-dalen/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harriet Elizabeth Byrd]], 88, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD (1981–1988) lan Sénat [[Wyoming]] (1988–1992).<ref>[http://www.wyomingnews.com/articles/2015/01/29/news/01top_01-29-15.txt#.VMsWdZ3F-AU "Liz" Byrd, first black woman in Wyoming House, dies at 88"]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Arturo Carmassi]], 89, ahli natah patung lan palukis Italia.<ref>[http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/empoli/cronaca/2015/01/27/news/scomparso-lo-scultore-di-eloisa-1.10747968 Scomparso lo scultore di Eloisa] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Roger Cowley]], 75, fisikawan Inggris.<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/notices-2015/ Professor Roger Arthur Cowley FRS]</ref> *[[Suzette Haden Elgin]], 78, linguis lan panulis fiksi ngèlmiah AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sfsite.com/news/2015/01/28/obituary-suzette-haden-elgin/ |title=Obituary Suzette Haden Elgin |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130152812/https://www.sfsite.com/news/2015/01/28/obituary-suzette-haden-elgin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Henk Faanhof]], 92, pambalap pit Olimpiade Walanda (1948).<ref>[http://www.nu.nl/sport/3980946/oudste-nederlandse-tourrenner-faanhof-92-overleden.html Oudste Nederlandse Tourrenner Faanhof (92) overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Roy Francis (prawira AL Britania)|Roy Francis]], 92, prawira angkatan sagara lan insiyur pasepuran Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/many_pay_respects_to_a_true_norfolk_hero_1_3956513 |title=Many pay respects to a true Norfolk hero |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023840/http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/many_pay_respects_to_a_true_norfolk_hero_1_3956513 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ebbe Grims-land]], 99, komponis lan juru main piyul Swèdhen.<ref>[http://www.minnessidor.fonus.se/memorial_page_personal_info.php?memorial_page_id=433374&cat=Profile&sign=d37aa490035e02b50fdedac62c515edd In Memoriam - Fonus] {{sv icon}}</ref> *[[Warren Hill (narapidana)|Warren Hill]], 54, durjana rajapati AS, dièksekusi mawa suntikan fatal.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/27/supreme-court-georgia-execution-warren-hill Georgia executes inmate Warren Hill after supreme court refuses stay]</ref> *[[Vladimir-Georg Karassev-Orgusaar]], 83, sutradara filem Èstonia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://coldwarradios.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/in-memory-of-man-they-just-couldnt-gag.html |title=In Memory of a Man they Just Couldn’t Gag: Vladimir-Georg Karassev-Orgusaar (1931-2015), RIP |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930191111/http://coldwarradios.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/in-memory-of-man-they-just-couldnt-gag.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[David Landau (wartawan)|David Landau]], 67, wartawan Israèl kalairan Britania lan éditor (''[[Haaretz]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thejc.com/news/israel-news/128967/former-haaretz-editor-chief-david-landau-dies-aged-67 |title=Former Haaretz editor-in-chief David Landau dies aged 67 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2016-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323074847/http://www.thejc.com/news/israel-news/128967/former-haaretz-editor-chief-david-landau-dies-aged-67 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[John T. Myers (anggota congress)|John T. Myers]], 87, pulitikus AS, anggota Parlemèn AS kanggo [[Indiana]] (1967–1997).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/290007271.html |title=US Rep. John Myers, a Republican who represented western Indiana for 15 terms, dies at 87 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206213421/http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/290007271.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ronnie O'Reilly]], 63, wasit kriket Irlandia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES2015/articles/000026/002683.shtml |title=Death of Ronnie O'Reilly |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211110137/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES2015/articles/000026/002683.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[José Pereira (ngèlmuwan India)|José Pereira]], 84, seniman, sajarawan, nimpuna [[basa Sangskreta]] India.<ref>[http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=5544 Sanskrit scholar & historian Dr Jose Pereira passes away in USA]</ref> *[[Joe Rígoli]], 78, aktor lan palawak Argèntina (''[[Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez]]''), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.elmundo.es/cultura/2015/01/27/54c7accbca47418f708b456f.html Muere Joe Rígoli, actor cómico argentino con carrera en la España de la Transición] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Joseph Rotman]], 80, pangusaha lan tokoh filantropi Kanadha, kanselir [[Universitas Western Ontario]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2015/01/27/22203951.html |title=Toronto businessman, philanthropist Joseph L. Rotman dead at 80 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-27 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150127232932/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2015/01/27/22203951.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Al Severinsen]], 70, juru main bisbol AS ([[Baltimore Orioles]], [[San Diego Padres]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/theday/obituary.aspx?n=Al-Severinsen&pid=174019977 Al Severinsen Obituary]</ref> *[[Bob Shea]], 90, juru main baskèt AS ([[Providence Steamrollers]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thewesterlysun/obituary.aspx?pid=174016171 Robert Francis Shea Obituary]</ref> *[[Charles H. Townes]], 99, fisikawan AS, pamenang Bebungah Nobel ing Fisika (1964).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/01/27/nobel-laureate-and-laser-inventor-charles-townes-dies-at-99/ |title=Nobel laureate and laser inventor Charles Townes dies at 99 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128110636/http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/01/27/nobel-laureate-and-laser-inventor-charles-townes-dies-at-99/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gunnar Christie Wasberg]], 91, panulis non-fiksi Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Gunnar-Christie-Wasberg-7885459.html Nekrolog: Gunnar Christie Wasberg] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Charlie Williams (pitcher)|Charlie Williams]], 67, juru main bisbol AS ([[New York Mets]], [[San Francisco Giants]]), kompliksi bedhah jantung.<ref>[http://www.news-journalonline.com/article/20150128/SPORTS/150129440?Title=Charlie-Williams-the-man-who-was-traded-for-Willie-Mays-dies Charlie Williams, the man who was traded for Willie Mays, dies]</ref> *[[Larry Winters]], 58, palatih lan juru main gulat profèsional AS, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.prowrestling.net/article.php?D.C.-Drake-remembers-the-late-Larry-Winters-40696 D.C. Drake remembers the late Larry Winters]</ref> === 28 === *[[Suraj Abdurrahman]], 60, prawira Angkatan Dharat Nigéria.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501291077.html Liberia: Former Liberian Army Chief, Abdurrahman, Dies in New York]</ref> *[[Egon Adler]], 77, pambalap pit Jerman.<ref>[http://www.lvz-trauer.de/traueranzeige/egon-adler/40661930 Egon Adler Traueranzeige] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Arthur Lawrence Alarcon]], 89, kakim féderal AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/absolutenm/articlefiles/788-Obit_Judge_Arthur_L_Alarcon.pdf |title=Court of Appeals Mourns Passing of Senior Circuit Judge Arthur L. Alarcón |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201401/http://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/absolutenm/articlefiles/788-Obit_Judge_Arthur_L_Alarcon.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Mala Aravindan]], 76, aktor Malayalam India.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/actor-mala-aravindan-is-dead/ Malayalam actor Mala Aravindan dead]</ref> *[[Francis Bennion]], 92, pangacara Britania.<ref>"Deaths", ''The Times'', 17 February 2015, p. 57.</ref> *[[Alberto Cardaccio]], 65, juru main bal-balan Uruguay ([[Danubio F.C.|Danubio]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Uruguay]]), tabrakan lalu-lintas.<ref>[http://www.racingclub.com.ar/club/nota/2015/01/3747_racing-lamenta-el-fallecimiento-de-alberto-cardaccio/ Racing lamenta el fallecimiento de Alberto Cardaccio] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Yves Chauvin]], 84, pamenang Bebungah Nobel Kimia saka Prancis kalairan Bèlgia (2005).<ref>[http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2015/01/chemistry-nobel-laureate-yves-chauvin-dies-olefin-metathesis Chemistry Nobel laureate Yves Chauvin dies aged 84]</ref> *[[Lionel Gilbert]], 90, sajarawan, panulis, kurator, guru lan panulis biografi Australia.<ref>[http://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/smh-au/obituary.aspx?n=lionel-gilbert&pid=174012808 Lionel GILBERT]</ref> *[[Don Jones]], 91, seniman lan ahli térapi AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/dispatch/obituary.aspx?pid=174079152 Donald L. Jones Obituary]</ref> *[[Tommie Manderson]], 102, seniman paès rai Britania (''[[Willow (filem)|Willow]]'', ''[[Alien (filem)|Alien]]'', ''[[The Killing Fields (filem)|The Killing Fields]]'').<ref>[http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/obituaries/article4355150.ece The Times Obituaries - Tommie Manderson].</ref> *[[Beric Morley]], 71, sajarawan arsitèktur Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://announce.jpress.co.uk/leightonbuzzardonlinecouk/obituary/beric-morley/40620448 |title=Beric Morley Obituary |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-11-16 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20151116064854/http://announce.jpress.co.uk/leightonbuzzardonlinecouk/obituary/beric-morley/40620448 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Neyko Nenov]], 53, Jèndral Bulgaria, Wakil Panglima Patahanan (wiwit 2014), tumor polo.<ref>[http://www.novinite.com/articles/166224/Bulgaria's+Deputy+Chief+of+Defense+Dies+Aged+53 Bulgaria's Deputy Chief of Defense Dies Aged 53]</ref> *[[Charles B. Peatross]], 74, ahli kukum AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=charles-b-peatross&pid=174007158&fhid=6593 Judge Charles B. Peatross]</ref> *[[Jaswant Singh Rajput]], 88, juru main hoki lapangan India, jawara Olimpiade (1948).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://post.jagran.com/hockey-olympian-jaswant-singh-rajput-passes-away-1422444266 |title=Hockey Olympian Jaswant Singh Rajput passes away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010023127/http://post.jagran.com/hockey-olympian-jaswant-singh-rajput-passes-away-1422444266 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Edward Saylor]], 94, vètèran Perang Donya II AS, anggota [[Doolittle's Raiders]].<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/01/29/one-of-last-doolittle-raiders-dies-at-94/22553233/ One of the last of the 'Doolittle Raiders' dies at 94]</ref> *[[Katharine Worth]], 92, tokoh akadémi Britania.<ref>[https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/dramaandtheatre/news/newsarticles/2014-15/katharineworth1922-2015.aspx Katharine Worth 1922-2015]</ref> === 29 === *[[Maurizio Arcieri]], 72, panyanyi Italia ([[The New Dada]], [[Krisma]]).<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cultura/musica/2015/01/30/addio-ad-arcieri-da-new-dada-a-krisma_91aee14a-51e3-425c-9618-fba53623c6a6.html Addio ad Arcieri, da New Dada a Krisma] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Amparo Baró]], 77, aktris Spanyol (''[[Siete mesas de billar francés]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://www.vertele.com/noticias/muere-a-los-77-anos-la-gran-actriz-amparo-baro Muere a los 77 años la actriz española Amparo Baró] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Subhash Ghisingh]], 78, pulitikus India ([[Gorkha National Liberation Front]]), kanker lèver lan cirrhosis.<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/news/west-bengal/gnlf-founder-subhash-ghisingh-dies_1538438.html GNLF founder Subhash Ghisingh dies]</ref> *[[Walter Glechner]], 75, juru main bal-balan Ostenrik ([[SK Rapid Wien|Rapid Wien]], [[Ostenrik national football team|national team]]).<ref>[http://www.skrapid.at/9610+M55957d0e281.html Trauer um Walter Glechner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201053110/http://www.skrapid.at/9610%20M55957d0e281.html |date=2015-02-01 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Bernice Gordon]], 101, panulis teka-teki silang AS (''[[The New York Times crossword puzzle|The New York Times]]''), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.philly.com/philly/obituaries/20150130_Bernice_Gordon__legendary_crossword_puzzle_writer__dies_at_101.html Bernice Gordon, legendary crossword puzzle writer, dies at 101]</ref> *[[Terry Hollindrake]], 80, juru main rugbi Liga Inggris.<ref>[http://www.keighleynews.co.uk/sport/11769879.Legend_Terry_Hollindrake__made_Keighley_proud_/ Legend Terry Hollindrake 'made Keighley proud']</ref> *[[Taeko Kono]], 88, panulis lan kritikus Jepang, gagal ambegan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mainichi.jp/english/english/features/news/20150130p2g00m0et033000c.html |title=Award-winning writer Kono dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130142723/http://mainichi.jp/english/english/features/news/20150130p2g00m0et033000c.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Cedric Kushner]], 66, promotor tinju AS kalairan Afrika Kidul, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://espn.go.com/boxing/story/_/id/12251155/cedric-kushner-former-heavyweight-promoter-dies-66 Cedric Kushner dies at 66]</ref> *[[Noel Lister]], 87, pangusaha Britania ([[MFI Group]]).<ref>[http://www.iwcp.co.uk/news/news/uksa-founder-noel-lister-dies-74608.aspx UKSA founder Noel Lister dies]</ref> *[[Riichiro Manabe]], 90, komponis Jepang.<ref>[http://www.mst3kinfo.com/?p=19380 RIP Riichiro Manabe]</ref> *[[José Martins da Silva]], 78, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Brazilia, Biskop Agung [[Porto Velho]] (1982–1997).<ref>[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmardsil.html Archbishop José Martins da Silva]</ref> *[[Will McBride (fotografer)|Will McBride]], 84, juru fotografi AS.<ref>[http://www.welt.de/kultur/article136927287/Der-Mann-der-das-wilde-Berlin-entdeckte-ist-tot.html Der Mann, der das wilde Berlin entdeckte, ist tot] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Danny McCulloch]], 69, juru main bas Inggris ([[The Animals]]), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/rip-the-animals-danny-mcculloch-read-a-moving-family-tribute The Animals' Danny McCulloch: Read A Moving Family Tribute]</ref> *[[Colleen McCullough]], 77, panulis Australia (''[[The Thorn Birds]]''), gagal ginjel.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/books/65570040/colleen-mccullough-author-of-the-thorn-birds-dies Colleen McCullough, author of The Thorn Birds, dies]</ref> *[[Rod McKuen]], 81, pujangga AS, panyanyi lan panulis lagu ("[[Jean (lagu)|Jean]]", "[[Seasons in the Sun]]"), mandheg ambegan.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-rod-mckuen-dies-at-81-20150129-story.html Rod McKuen, prolific songwriter and poet, dies at 81]</ref> *[[Kel Nagle]], 94, juru main golf Australia, jawara British Open (1960).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wwos.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8951999 |title=Aussie golf great Nagle dies |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129103957/http://wwos.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8951999 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Paul Panhuysen]], 80, komponis Walanda.<ref>[http://www.ed.nl/regio/eindhoven/aartsvader-geluidskunst-paul-panhuysen-80-overleden-1.4740067 Aartsvader geluidskunst Paul Panhuysen (80) overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Derek S. Pugh]], 84, psikolog Britania lan ahli téyori bisnis.<ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/people/obituaries/derek-pugh-1930-2015/2018680.article Derek Pugh, 1930-2015]</ref> *[[Dora Prince]], 84, aktris Argèntina.<ref>[http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201502/93723-fallecio-la-actriz-dora-prince.html Falleció la actriz Dora Prince] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209014923/http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201502/93723-fallecio-la-actriz-dora-prince.html |date=2019-02-09 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Derek Robertson (juru main bal-balan)|Derek Robertson]], 65, juru main bal-balan Sekotlan ([[St. Johnstone FC|St. Johnstone]]), kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/newsitemsdetail.php?param=3351 |title=Long-Serving Goalkeeper Derek Robertson Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130192349/http://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/newsitemsdetail.php?param=3351 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Doris Schoettler-Boll]], 70, seniman Jerman.<ref>[http://www.atelierhaus-essen.de/DSB_Vita.shtml Doris Schöttler-Boll. Vita] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Tenkoko Sonoda]], 96, pulitikus Jepang, anggota [[Diet Nasional|Diet]] (1946–1952).<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20150129/k10015067091000.html 女性初代議士 園田天光光さん死去] {{ja icon}}</ref> *[[Ole Sørensen (juru main bal-balan)|Ole Sørensen]], 77, juru main bal-balan Dènmark.<ref>[http://www.jv.dk/artikel/1932542:Sport--DOedsfald--En-af-fortidens-fodboldhelte-er-gaaet-bort Dødsfald: En af fortidens fodboldhelte er gået bort] {{dk icon}}</ref> *[[Peter Towe]], 92, diplomat Kanadha, Duta Agung ing Amérikah Sarékat (1977–1981).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?pid=174021664 Peter TOWE Obituary]</ref> *[[Alexander Vraciu]], 96, juru anggegana jawara Angkatan Sagara AS sajeroning Perang Donya II, nampa pangaji [[Navy Cross]].<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/contracostatimes/obituary.aspx?n=alexander-vraciu&pid=174009213& Alexander Vraciu]</ref> *[[Israèl Yinon]], 59, konduktor musik Israèl.<ref>[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/190717 Renowned Israèli Conductor Dies Mid-Concert]</ref> === 30 === *[[Richard Clark Barkley]], 82, diplomat AS, Duta Agung kanggo [[Jerman Wétan]] (1988–1990).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/washingtonpost/obituary.aspx?pid=174050262 RICHARD C. BARKLEY Notice]</ref> *[[Carl Boldt]], 82, juru main baskèt AS ([[San Francisco Dons baskèt lanang|San Francisco Dons]]).<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-carl-boldt-20150203-story.html Carl Boldt, teammate of Bill Russell in NCAA title run, dies at 82]</ref> *[[Ricardo Bressani]], 88, ahli nutrisi Guatemala, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.prensalibre.com/noticias/Ricardo_Bressani_0_1294670741.html Fallece Ricardo Bressani, pionero de la lucha contra la desnutrición] {{es icon}}</ref> * [[Carl Djerassi]], 91, kimiawan Ostenrik-Amérika, panulis novèl lan sandhiwara, kanker lèver lan balung.<ref>[http://forward.com/articles/213863/carl-djerassi-who-helped-discover-birth-control-pi/? Carl Djerassi, Who Helped Discover Birth Control Pill, Dies at 91]</ref> *[[Rose Frisch]], 96, ahli biologi AS.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/12/science/rose-e-frisch-scientist-who-linked-body-fat-to-fertility-dies-at-96.html?ref=obituaries&_r=1 Rose E. Frisch, Scientist Who Linked Body Fat to Fertility, Dies at 96]</ref> *[[Johnny Goodman (prodhuser TV)|Johnny Goodman]], 87, prodhuser TV Britania.<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/johnny-goodman-dead-bafta-chairman-769061 Ex-BAFTA Chairman Johnny Goodman Dies at 87]</ref> *[[Kenji Goto]], 47, wartawan Jepang lan sanderawan [[ISIS]], ditigas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.news.com.au/world/islamic-state-releases-video-claiming-to-behead-japanese-hostage-kenji-goto/story-fndir2ev-1227203841336 |title=Islamic State releases video claiming to behead Japanese hostage Kenji Goto |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023163339/http://www.news.com.au/world/islamic-state-releases-video-claiming-to-behead-japanese-hostage-kenji-goto/story-fndir2ev-1227203841336 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harold Hassall]], 85, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]]).<ref>[http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/sport/11763830.Ex_England_and_Wanderers_striker_Harold_Hassall_passes_away__aged_85/ Ex-England and Wanderers striker Harold Hassall passes away, aged 85]</ref> *[[John Hopkins (aktivis pulitik)|John Hopkins]], 78, fotografer Britania, aktivis, lan promotor ([[Notting Hill Carnival]], ''[[International Times]]'').<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/john-hopkins-charismatic-photographer-activist-and-leading-figure-in-londons-counterculture-of-the-sixties-10021833.html John Hopkins: Charismatic photographer, activist and leading figure in London's counterculture of the Sixties]</ref> *[[Stuart Inder]], 88, wartawan Australia lan panerbit, spésialisasi ing urusan [[Kapuloan Pasifik]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asopa.typepad.com/asopa_people/2015/02/doyen-of-pacific-journalism-stuart-inder-mbe-dies-at-88.html |title=Doyen of Pacific journalism, Stuart Inder MBE, dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214163606/http://asopa.typepad.com/asopa_people/2015/02/doyen-of-pacific-journalism-stuart-inder-mbe-dies-at-88.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ülo Kaevats]], 67, filsuf lan pulitikus Èstonia, Sèkretaris Nagara (1992–1995).<ref>[http://www.ttu.ee/news/news-2/faculties-institutions/ragnar-nurkse-school-of-innovation-and-governance-3/professor-emeritus-ulo-kaevats-has-died/ Professor Emeritus Ülo Kaevats has died]</ref> *[[Jack Kay]], 63, tokoh administrator akadémi AS.<ref>[http://www.heritage.com/articles/2015/02/01/ypsilanti_courier/news/doc54cd2f3ba28d3467098961.txt Former EMU provost and current professor Jack Kay dies at 63]</ref> * [[Geraldine McEwan]], 82, aktris Britania (''[[Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves]]'', ''[[Agatha Christie's Marple]]''), setruk.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11382848/Geraldine-McEwan-actress-obituary.html Geraldine McEwan, actress - obituary]</ref> *[[John McHugh (Ohio)|John McHugh]], 84, pulitikus AS, walikutha [[Toledo, Ohio]] (1990–1993), cancer.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.toledoblade.com/local/2015/01/30/Former-Toledo-mayor-John-McHugh-dies-at-84.html |title=Former Toledo mayor John McHugh dies at 84 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024100248/http://www.toledoblade.com/local/2015/01/30/Former-Toledo-mayor-John-McHugh-dies-at-84.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Howard Norris]], 80, juru main rugbi union Britania (Tim nasional rugbi Wales, [[British and Irish Lions|British Lions]]).<ref>[http://www.espnscrum.com/wales/rugby/story/254445.html Wales and Lions prop Howard Norris dies]</ref> *[[Richard Richards (Utah)|Richard Richards]], 82, pulitikus AS, pangrèh [[Republican National Committee]] (1981–1983).<ref>[http://www.sltrib.com/home/2121671-155/richard-richards-republican-party-icon-dies Richard Richards, Republican Party icon, dies at age 82]</ref> *[[Ben Schadler]], 90, juru main baskèt AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/mercurynews/obituary.aspx?pid=174080237 Bernard (Ben) Schadler]</ref> *[[Jerry L. Smith]], 71, pulitikus AS lan anggota DPRD (1972-1980) lan Sénat (1980-2004) Oklahoma.<ref>[http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/local/longtime-oklahoma-lawmaker-jerry-smith-dies-at/article_38d2e154-ea4b-5a3e-95c2-eefed5fc9c79.html Longtime Oklahoma lawmaker Jerry Smith dies at 71]</ref> *[[Gerrit Voorting]], 92, pambalap profèsional pit Walanda, pamenang medali pirak Olimpiade (1948).<ref>[http://rvmn.nl/obituary-gerrit-voorting/ Obituary Gerrit Voorting]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Than Wyenn]], 95, aktor AS (''[[Imitation of Life (filem taun 1959)|Imitation of Life]], [[Splash (filem)|Splash]], [[Being There]]'').<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?n=Than-Wyenn&pid=174028539 Than Wyenn Obituary]</ref> *[[Zhelyu Zhelev]], 79, pulitikus Bulgaria, Présidèn (1990–1997).<ref>[http://www.novinite.com/articles/166247/Bulgaria's+Former+President+Zhelyu+Zhelev+Dies Bulgaria's Former President Zhelyu Zhelev Dies]</ref> === 31 === *[[Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari]], militan Yémen, serangan drone.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-31147424 Yemen al-Qaeda militant al-Nadhari killed by US drone]</ref> *[[Vasco Bendini]], 93, palukis [[informalisme|informalis]] Italia.<ref>[http://www.artribune.com/2015/01/morto-a-93-anni-vasco-bendini-fra-i-maggiori-pittori-italiani-del-secondo-novecento-un-allievo-di-morandi-poi-protagonista-dellinformale-allitaliana/ Morto a 93 anni Vasco Bendini, fra i maggiori pittori italiani del secondo Novecento] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Robert Blees]], 96, prodhuser lan panulis skénario filem lan TV AS (''[[Cattle Queen of Montana]]'').<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/02/robert-blees-dies-film-tv-writer-producer-1201367122/ Robert Blees, Writer & Producer, Dies At 96]</ref> *[[José Manuel Lara Bosch]], 68, èksekutif média Spanyol, CEO [[Grupo Planeta]] (wiwit 2003) lan [[Atresmedia]] (wiwit 2012), kanker pankréas.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-31/jose-lara-bosch-spanish-médhia-magnate-dies-at-68 Jose Lara Bosch, Spanish Media Magnate, Dies at 68]</ref> *[[Tomás Bulat]], 50, ahli ékonomi lan wartawan Argèntina, tabrakan lalu lintas.<ref>[http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1764735-murio-el-periodista-tomas-bulat-en-un-accidente-de-transito Murió el economista Tomás Bulat en un accidente de tránsito] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723131317/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1764735-murio-el-periodista-tomas-bulat-en-un-accidente-de-transito |date=2015-07-23 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Earl Christensen]], 95, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Wyoming]] (1959–1984).<ref>[http://rapidcityjournal.com/obits/christensen-earl/article_02655c06-0396-5161-ad52-b32795951e80.html Christensen, Earl]</ref> *[[Don Covay]], 76, panyanyi lan panulis lagu R&B AS ("[[Chain of Fools]]").<ref>[http://www.soulwalking.co.uk/Respect.html don covay]</ref> *[[Vic Howe]], 85, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[New York Rangers]]).<ref>[http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=751524 Vic Howe, brother of hockey legend, dies at 85]</ref> *[[William Klinger]], 42, sajarawan Kroasia, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.northjersey.com/news/nypd-after-stay-in-ridgewood-historian-slain-in-queens-1.1263241 NYPD: After stay in Ridgewood, historian slain in Queens]</ref> *[[Udo Lattek]], 80, palatih bal-balan Jerman ([[Bayern München]], [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]]).<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/udo-lattek-football-coach-who-won-the-european-cup-uefa-cup-and-cupwinners-cup-with-three-different-clubs-10220305.html Udo Lattek: Football coach who won the European Cup, Uefa Cup and Cup-Winners' Cup with three different clubs]</ref> *[[Adalberto Arturo Rosat]], 81, rohaniawan Bolivia kalairan Italia, Biskop [[Aiquile]] (1986–2009).<ref>[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/brosat.html Bishop Adalberto Arturo Rosat]</ref> *[[Michael Saward]], 82, pastur Anglikan lan panulis lagu himne Britania.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11384795/Canon-Michael-Saward-clergyman-obituary.html Canon Michael Saward, clergyman - obituary]</ref> *[[Lizabeth Scott]], 92, aktris AS (''[[Dead Reckoning (filem)|Dead Reckoning]]'').<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/feb/06/lizabeth-scott Lizabeth Scott obituary]</ref> *[[Richard von Weizsäcker]], 94, pulitikus Jerman, Présidèn [[Jerman Kulon]] (1984–1990) lan [[Jerman]] (1990–1994).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/01/31/uk-germany-weizsaecker-idUKKBN0L40F720150131 |title=Germany's von Weizsaecker, president at unification, dies at 94 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201001203/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/01/31/uk-germany-weizsaecker-idUKKBN0L40F720150131 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist|3}} [[Kategori:Pati 2015]] [[Kategori:2015]] gtj08sszsyvi8vkii1louil1grp58h8 0 147884 1751065 1712428 2026-07-02T06:23:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Lassana Diarra | image = Lassana Diarra 2014.jpg | image_size = | caption = Diarra wektu taun 2014 | fullname = Lassana Diarra<ref name="Hugman2009-10 118">{{Cite book | editor-first = Barry J. | editor-last = Hugman | title = The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2009–10 | year = 2009 | publisher = Mainstream Publishing | isbn = 978-1-84596-474-0 | page = 118 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|3|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Paris]], [[Prancis]] | height = {{convert|1.73|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="internet2">[url=http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1193041476158/1202758535509/jugador/Jugador/Lass.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312020556/http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1193041476158/1202758535509/jugador/Jugador/Lass.htm title=Official profile](dipunundhuh tanggal 5 Januari 2018)</ref> | currentclub = Free Agent | clubnumber = | position = [[Midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Paris FC]] | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = [[FC Nantes|Nantes]] | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Le Mans FC|Le Mans]] | youthyears4 = | youthclubs4 = [[FC Red Star Saint-Ouen|Red Star 93]] | youthyears5 = 2003–2004 | youthclubs5 = [[Le Havre AC|Le Havre]] | years1 = 2004–2005 | clubs1 = [[Le Havre AC|Le Havre]] | caps1 = 29 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2005–2007 | clubs2 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2007–2008 | clubs3 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] | caps3 = 7 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2008–2009 | clubs4 = [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] | caps4 = 24 | goals4 = 1 | years5 = 2009–2012 | clubs5 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] | caps5 = 87 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 2012–2013 | clubs6 = [[FC Anzhi Makhachkala|Anzhi Makhachkala]] | caps6 = 18 | goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2013–2014 | clubs7 = [[FC Lokomotiv Moscow|Lokomotiv Moscow]] | caps7 = 17 | goals7 = 1 | years8 = 2015–2017 | clubs8 = [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] | caps8 = 37 | goals8 = 1 | years9 = 2017| clubs9 = [[Al Jazira Club|Al Jazira]] | caps9 = 5 | goals9 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2005–2006 | nationalteam1 = [[France national under-21 football team|France U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 18 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2007– | nationalteam2 = [[France national football team|France]] | nationalcaps2 = 34 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | club-update = 3 November 2017 | ntupdate = 30 May 2016 }} '''Lassana Diarra''' (lair 10 Maret 1985), kanthi nama cekak '''Lass''', ya iku sawijining juru main [[bal-balan]] saka negara [[Prancis]] kang saiki main ing klub [[Liga UAE Pro]] [[Al Jazira Club|Al Jazira]]. Posisi mligi ya iku geladhang bertahan, lan uga bisa luwih maju utawa geladhang serang, lan dadi gelandhang serang nalika mbela tim nasional Prancis.<ref name="internet4"/> Karir bal-balan Diarra wis manéka warna klub, kaya ta klub [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] lan [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]].<ref name="internet4"/> Uga pernah main ing klub [[Ruslan]] [[FC Anzhi Makhachkala|Anzhi Makhachkala]] lan uga [[FC Lokomotiv Moscow|Lokomotiv Moscow]]. <ref name="internet4">[https://www.bola.net/profile/lassana_diarra/index.html title=Lassana Diarra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127084827/https://www.bola.net/profile/lassana_diarra/index.html |date=2024-11-27 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 5 Januari 2018)</ref> ==Karir pertama== Diarra pernah diungkir klub bal-balan amarga alesan dianggep keciliken dadi juru main bal.<ref name="internet1"/> wektu iku dhuwuré 170&nbsp;cm lan aboté 58&nbsp;kg.<ref name="internet1"/> Wektu semono Lassana Diarra mikir menawa kariré ing bal-balan arep tamat.<ref name="internet1"/> Diarra uga pernah ditulak ing klub Le Mans.<ref name="internet1">[http: //futbol.as.com/futbol/2010/01/02 /mas_futbol/1262417229_850215.html title=Xabi saca el balón y yo hago más la guerra](dipunundhuh tanggal 5 Januari 2018)</ref> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1193041476158/1202758535509/jugador/Jugador/Lass.htm Real Madrid resmi profil] * (Inggris){{soccerbase|41527}} * (Basa prancis) <span> Statistik </span>[http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/diarra-lassana Lassana Diarra]<span> ing Liga prancis ing situs web LFP.fr</span> * [http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j8456.html BDFutbol profil] * [http://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/en/lassana-diarra/leistungsdaten/spieler_23914.html Transfermarkt profil] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/shared/bsp/hi/football/statistics/players/d/diarra_307024.stm BBC Profil] * [http://www.skysports.com/football/player/0,19754,11674_307024,00.html Langit Olahraga Profil] * [http://www.fff.fr/servfff/historique/historique_new.php?liste=O&id=DIARRA%20Lassana FFF Profil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902045403/http://www.fff.fr/servfff/historique/historique_new.php?liste=O&id=DIARRA%20Lassana |date=2012-09-02 }} (prancis) * [http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/67870/lassana-diarra?cc=3888 ESPNsoccernet Profil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023112115/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/67870/lassana-diarra?cc=3888 |date=2012-10-23 }} ==Rujukan== [[Kategori:Pamain Real Madrid CF]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Prancis]] o2kplcxim8sokkba6v11bo5z3vrozd8 0 162202 1751057 1742248 2026-07-02T03:12:52Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751057 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hartsdale Canine Cemetery October 2012.jpg|thumb|Gapura marang [[Kuburan kéwan klangenan Hartsdale]] ing [[Hartsdale, New York]]]] '''Kuburan kéwan''' ya kuwi [[kuburan]] kanggo kéwan. Senadyan pamumulé lan ngubur kéwan klangenan wis dipraktèkaké wiwit jaman kuna, kuburan sing kusus kanggo kéwan ora lumrah nganti pungkasan abad kaping-19. == Sajarah == [[File:Cat mummy-E 2815-IMG 4775-gradient.jpg|thumb|left|Kucing sing [[Mumi|dimumifikasi]] ing the [[Louvre]]]] Akèh kabudayan manungsa ngubur jisiming kéwan. Contoné wong Mesir Kuna mumifikasi lan ngubur kucing, sing dianggep déwata; salah sijiné kuburan kéwan lawas dhéwé iku kuburan kéwan Berenice, sing mliginé dienggo ngubur kucing, lan ditemokaké nalika èkskavasi plabuhan Berenice Troglodytica ing taun 2011 lan dienggo antara abad kapisan lan kapindho Masèhi.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/graves-nearly-600-cats-and-dogs-ancient-egypt-may-be-world-s-oldest-pet-cemetery |title=Graves of nearly 600 cats and dogs in ancient Egypt may be world's oldest pet cemetery |author=Grimm, David |date=26 February 2021 |work=Science |access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref> Para arkéolog nemokaké menawa asu dikubur ing sandhingé manungsa ing Sibéria nganti sakiwa tengené 8.000 taun kapungkur.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.archaeology.org/news/4230-160303-siberia-domesticated-dogs |title=Siberia's Ancient Dog Burials |date=March 3, 2016 |work=Archaeology |publisher=Archaeological Institute of America |access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref> Kuburan asu Ashkelon, iku kuburan kéwan klangenan sing dikawruhi lan gedhé dhéwé. Kuburan iki ditemokaké ing [[Taman Nasional Ashkelon]], [[Ashkelon]], [[Israèl]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Stager|first=Lawrence E.|date=May–June 1991|title=Why were hundreds of dogs buried at Ashkelon|url=https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/17/3/1|access-date=December 29, 2020|website=bib-arch.org}} </ref> ''[[Hiran Minar]]'' cedhak [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]] iku menara mesjid sing dibangun ing sakiwa tengené taun 1606 Masèhi déning Maharaja [[Kamaharajan Mughal|Mughal]] [[Jahangir]] kanggo memulèni antilop kéwan klangenané sing ajeneng Mansraj.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tourism.punjab.gov.pk/hiran-minar |title=Hiran Minar |publisher=Tourism, Archaeology and Museums Department, Government of the Punjab |access-date=28 July 2023 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728153423/https://tourism.punjab.gov.pk/hiran-minar |url-status=dead }}</ref> Taman [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] ing Kutha London iku manten situs [[Kuburan kéwan Hyde Park|kuburan kéwan klangenan ora resmi]] antara taun 1881 lan 1903, ing kebon juru kunci taman iki.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.funlondontours.com/news/victorian-pet-cemetery-hyde-park |title=The Victorian Pet Cemetery of Hyde Park |website=Fun London Tours |date=10 July 2018 |access-date=23 July 2019 |archive-date=19 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319015755/https://funlondontours.com/news/victorian-pet-cemetery-hyde-park |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saka olèhé ngubur "Cherry" nganti ditutup resmi ing taun 1903, kuburan iki nampa 300 kéwan sing dipendhem mawa kijing miniatur,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://londoninsight.wordpress.com/2010/10/06/pet-cemetery-hyde-park/ |title=The Pet Cemetery of Hyde Park |website=London Insight Blog |date=6 October 2010}}</ref> karo panguburan kusus asu maskot Angkatan Laut Krajan Britani "Prince" ing taun 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://london365.co.uk/hyde-park-pet-cemetery |title=Hyde Park Pet Cemetery |website=London 365 |date=11 November 2012}}</ref> [[File:Cimetiere pour chiens 1509497.jpg|thumb|right|[[Cimetière des Chiens]] (Kuburan para asu)]] [[Cimetière des Chiens]] ing [[Asnières-sur-Seine]], [[Paris]], saka taun 1899, iku sawijining kuburan kéwan klangenan sing mirunggan lan inukir. Kuburan iki dianggep salah sijiné [[nékropolis]] kéwan umum kapisan saindhenging donya.<ref>[http://www.lostandfond.co.uk/news-features/2010-08/tour-parisian-pet-cemetery-cimetiere-du-chiens A tour of Parisian pet cemetery Cimetière des Chiens] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222084040/http://www.lostandfond.co.uk/news-features/2010-08/tour-parisian-pet-cemetery-cimetiere-du-chiens |date=22 February 2012 }}</ref> Kuburan kéwan Amérika Sarékat sing gedhé lan lawas dhéwé iku [[Kuburan Kéwan Hartsdale]] ing [[Hartsdale, New York]]. Kuburan iki asalé saka taun 1896, nalika ada dhokter kéwan sing nyambut gawé saka [[Manhattan]] ngolèhaké wong wadon sing ndarbèni asu ngubur asuné ing kebon apèlé ing jènging wukiré. Saiki papan iki dadi kuburan kanggo 80.000 kéwan, kalebu kéwan misuwur kayata kucingé [[Mariah Carey]] ajeneng Clarence lan [[Ming of Harlem|Ming si macan]].<ref name="nyt"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lostandfond.co.uk/news-features/2010-12/apple-orchard-became-new-yorks-famous-hartsdale-pet-cemtery |title=Apple orchard that became New York's famous Hartsdale Pet Cemetery |access-date=2019-07-23 |archive-date=2015-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225065835/http://www.lostandfond.co.uk/news-features/2010-12/apple-orchard-became-new-yorks-famous-hartsdale-pet-cemtery |url-status=dead }}</ref> Situs kapratélakaké ing [[Pratélan Nasional Amérika Sarékat ngenani Papan Historis]] ing taun 2012.<ref name="nps">{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20120824.htm|title=National Register of Historic Places Listings|date=2012-08-24|work=Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 8/13/12 through 8/17/12|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=2019-07-23|archive-date=2014-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811083542/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20120824.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sawetara kuburan kéwan Amérika liyané sing misuwur ikut kalebu [[Aspin Hill Memorial Park]] ing [[Silver Spring, Maryland]], papan iki diduga sing lawas dhéwé kapindho ing Amérika Sarékat,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2015/12/11/55000-petsand-30-peopleare-buried-in-silver-springs-aspin-hill-memorial-park/ |title=55,000 Pets—and 30 People—Are Buried in Silver Spring's Aspin Hill Memorial Park |author=Blitz, Matt |date=December 11, 2015 |work=Washingtonian |access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/more-than-50000-animals-are-buried-in-this-cemetery/2019/09/03/66aef092-ce53-11e9-87fa-8501a456c003_story.html |title=More than 50,000 animals are buried in this cemetery |author=Kelly, John |date=September 3, 2019 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref> karo [[Los Angeles Pet Memorial Park|kuburan kéwan]] ing [[Calabasas, California]], ing ngendi jarané [[Hopalong Cassidy]] sing jenengé Topper, asuné [[Steven Spielberg]] sing ajinis [[Jack Russell Terrier]], lan asuné [[Rudolph Valentino]] sing nduwé jeneng Kabar, dipendhem.<ref>{{cite web|website=Roadside America|url= http://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/3626|title=Grave of a Petey, Little Rascals Dog|access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref> == Dikubur karo manungsa == Ing sawatara kuburan, kayata Aspin Hill Memorial Park,<ref>{{cite web|website=Roadside America|url= http://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/3626|title=Grave of a Petey, Little Rascals Dog|access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref> jisim manungsa lan kéwan bisa dikubur bebarengan. Ing Januari 2010, Rad Dhestrik West Lindsey mènèhi idin kanggo situs ing désa [[Stainton by Langworth]] kanggo mendhem jisim kéwan bebarengan karo kéwan minangka bagéan saka situs "[[kuburan ngalami|kurburan ijo]]", lan ndadèkaké situs iki kapisan ing Inggris, ing ngendi kéwan klangen bisa dipendhem bebarengan karo sing ndarbèni.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/153754/Pet-lovers-can-be-buried-with-their-animals |title=Pet lovers can be buried with their animals |newspaper=[[Daily Express|Sunday Express]] |access-date=25 January 2010}}</ref> Ing taun 2011, [[Nagara bagéan New York]] resmi ngadhopsi kawicaksanan sing ngolèhaké wong dikubur ing kuburan kéwan, nanging kuburan kéwan iku ora olèh ngiklanaké utawa njaluk béa panguburan.<ref name="nyt">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/07/nyregion/human-burial-pet-cemetery.html |title=Who Was the Mysterious Woman Buried Alone at the Pet Cemetery? |last=Keh |first=Andrew |date=January 7, 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> == Gladri == ===Asia=== <gallery heights=150px widths=200px> File:Hiran Minar- monument to Mansraj.jpg|''[[Hiran Minar]]'' cedhak [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]] File:Meher Babas Animal Tombs.jpg|Kuburan kéwan [[Meher Baba]] ing [[Meherabad]] Dhuwur </gallery> ===Éropa=== <gallery mode=packed heights=150px widths=200px> File:Wien - Tierfriedhof (2).JPG|Kuburan kéwan ing [[Wina]], [[Ostenrik]] File:Pet cemetery, Helsinki, Finland 4.jpg|Kuburan kéwan ing [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]] File:Tierheim-Berlin-Friedhof-01.jpg|Kuburan kéwan ing [[Berlin]], [[Jerman]] File:Karoliniškės Pet Cemetery, 2015 13.JPG|Kuburan kéwan ing [[Vilnius]], [[Litowen]] File:Pet Cemetery (Portugal, 1994).jpg|Kuburan kéwan ing [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] File:Pet cemetery at Lisbon Zoo (2024).jpg|Kuburan kéwan ing Lisbon, Portugal File:Tombstones at Lisbon zoo pet cemetery.jpg|Kijing kuburan kéwan ing Lisbon, Portugal File:Kaknas 2007 3.jpg|Kuburan kéwan ing [[Stockholm]], [[Swèdhen]] </gallery> ===Amérika Lor=== <gallery heights=150px widths=200px> File:Pet Cemetery -San Francisco-3.jpg|Kuburan kéwan ing [[Presidio of San Francisco]], California, Amérika Sarékat File:Dog funeral, 10-7-21 LOC npcc.05120.jpg|Kuburan asu ing [[Aspin Hill Memorial Park]] (1921) ing [[Silver Spring, Maryland]] File:Pet Cemetery -- Sante Fe, Texas.jpg|Kuburan kéwang ing [[Santa Fe, Texas]] File:Hale's Half Acre Pet Cemetery -- Houston.jpg|Kuburen kéwan Hale's Half Acre ing [[Houston, Texas]] </gallery> ===Oséaniya=== <gallery heights=150px widths=200px> File:Corrigin Dog Cemetery, 2018 (01).jpg|Kuburan asu Corrigin ing [[Ostrali|Corrigin, Ostrali Kulon]] </gallery> == Réferènsi == {{Reflist}} == Delengen uga == * [[Pet Sematary (2019 filem)|Pet Sematary]] (film 2019) == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.animalplatform.com Virtual Pet Cemetery - AnimalPlatform Memorials kanggo Pets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613173255/https://animalplatform.com/ |date=2021-06-13 }} * [http://www.iaopc.com International Association of Pet Cemeteries & Crematories] * [http://www.AnimalChaplains.com Asosiasi Interfaith Animal Chaplains] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517035922/http://www.animalchaplains.com/ |date=2008-05-17 }} * [http://www.petgravebook.com Pemakaman Virtual Pet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107130645/http://petgravebook.com/ |date=2018-11-07 }} * [http://www.restpet.com Pemakaman Pet Virtual] * [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/35062/farewell-fido-pet-cemeteries Pet Cemeteries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129015923/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/35062/farewell-fido-pet-cemeteries |date=2011-01-29 }} - slideshow by ''Life magazine'' * [http://www.everlifememorials.com/pet-cemetery-directory-s/348.htm Pet Cemetery Directory]{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - kanggo pemakaman pet antarané AS lan Kanada * [https://petcemeterystories.net/aspin-hill-history/ Sajarah Asem Petil Bukit Aspin] [[Kategori:Kéwan lan manungsa]] [[Kategori:Kéwan]] [[Kategori:Kuburan]] [[Kategori:Sato kéwan]] oe4p9ghur08d9a6j0fkxawcuwxtxgrn 0 164824 1751061 1750589 2026-07-02T04:48:08Z ~2026-37637-85 73446 /* Budaya */ 1751061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <br/>Wong Melayu<br/>''Orang Melayu''<br/>أورڠ ملايو | image = [[Gambar:Siti Nurhaliza - KLIFF 08.jpg|57px|Siti Nurhaliza]] [[Gambar:Mahathir 2007.jpg|57px|Mahathir Mohammad]] [[Gambar:Muszaphar shukor.jpg|57px|Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/>[[Gambar:Amir Hamzah portrait edit.jpg|51px|Amir Hamzah]] [[Gambar:Raja Ali Haji.jpg|57px|Raja Ali Haji]] [[Gambar:Hamzah Haz.jpg|57px|Hamzah Haz]]<br/>[[Gambar:Siti Nordiana interviewed by MeleTOP.jpg|70px|Siti Nordiana]] | caption = Sakarepe: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] • [[Mahathir Mohammad]] • [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/> Kaloro: [[Amir Hamzah]] • [[Raja Ali Haji]] • [[Hamzah Haz]]<br/> Katelu: [[Siti Nordiana]] | poptime = {{circa}} '''40.000.000 jiwane''' <!-- sum of numbers from each region below --> | region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung mayoritas'''</span> | region6 = '''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]''' | pop6 = 20,749,378 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunéi Darussalam]]''' | pop7 = 501,902 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref7 = {{lower|<ref name="CIA (B)>"{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region8 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung minoritas'''</span> | pop8 = | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]''' | pop9 = 8,789,585 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} | region10 = '''{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]''' | pop10 = 5,354,475 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples|2005}}</ref>}} | region11 = '''{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]''' | pop11 = 1,003,449 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref11 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} | region12 = '''{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipina]]''' | pop12 = 2,000,000 | ref12 = | languages = [[Basa Malayu]], [[Basa Indhonésia]], [[Basa Thai]], [[Basa Arab]], [[Basa Inggris]], lan [[Basa Tamil]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = [[Wong Acèh|Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minang]], [[Wong Kerinci|Kerinci]], [[Wong Tidung|Tidung]], [[Wong Laut|Laut]], [[Wong Betawi|Betawi]] }} [[Gambar:Malay couple.jpg|thumb|300px|Pasangan Melayu nganggo sandhangan tradhisional sawisé upacara ''akad nikah''. Penganten kakung nganggo ''baju melayu'' nganggo ''songkok'' lan ''[[songkèt]]'', dene penganten putri nganggo ''baju kurung'' nganggo ''tudong''.]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34.jpg|thumb|300px|Wadon Melayu ing Kutai diidentifikasi kanthi bentuk bun sing khas (litografi dening C. F. Kelley adhedhasar gambar dening Carl Book, [[1887]])]] '''Wong Melayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Aksara Jawi|Jawi]]: ملايو) minangka klompok suku bangsa [[Austronésia]] utamané ing Semenanjung Malaya, ing saindenging [[Sumatra]], kidul [[Thailand]], pesisir kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Borneo]] pesisir kalebu [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] lan [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]] pesisir, [[Pilipina]] sisih kulon lan sisih kidul, lan pulo-pulo cilik sing ana ing antarané lokasi kasebut — sacara koléktif dikenal minangka "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi iki saiki dadi bagéan saka negara-negara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Malah, akéh komunitas [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]], lan [[Dayak]] sing pindhah menyang pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]] lan pesisir kulon [[Kalimantan]], ngaku wong Melayu. Saliyané ing Nusantara, wong Melayu uga ang ing [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)]] ''(Cocos Malays)'', lan [[Afrika Kidul]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Ana maneka warna basa, budaya, seni, lan sosial sing cukup akeh ing antarane akeh subkelompok Melayu, utamane amarga atusan taun imigrasi lan asimilasi macem-macem etnis lan suku regional ing Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamane keturunan saka suku [[kulawarga basa Austronésia|Austronésia]] lan [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]] sing nganggo [[basa Malayu]] sadurunge sing ngedegake sawetara negara lan kerajaan dagang maritim kuna, utamane [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Kerajaan Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Tekane Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15 micu revolusi gedhe ing sejarah Melayu, sing penting banget dumunung ing warisan politik lan budaya sing jembar. Tandha-tandha definitif umum saka kemelayuan — agama Islam, basa lan tradhisi Melayu — dianggep wis diproklamasikake ing jaman iki, sing ndadékaké etnogenesis wong Melayu minangka klompok etnoreligius utama ing wilayah kasebut. Ing sastra, arsitektur, tradhisi kuliner, sandhangan tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri, lan tradhisi kraton, Malaka netepake standar sing ditiru dening kesultanan Melayu sabanjure. Jaman keemasan kesultanan Melayu ing Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, lan Pesisir Kalimantan nyumurupi akèh pedunungé, mliginé saka manéka warna komunitas suku kaya ta [[Wong Batak|Batak]], [[Dayak]], Wong Asli, lan [[Wong Laut]], sing tundhuk marang Islamisasi lan Invasi Melayu. Sajrone sejarah, istilah "Melayu" wis ditambahi menyang klompok etnis liyane ing "[[Donya Melayu]]"; panggunaan iki saiki umume diwatesi ing Malaysia lan Singapura, ing ngendi keturunan liyane saka klompok etnis iki diarani Anak Dagang ("pedagang") lan umume asale saka [[Indhonésia]] kayata [[wong Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]], [[Wong Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minangkêbo]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]]. == Etimologi == [[Barkas:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|[[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi]] ing [[Jambi]], sacara historis ana hubungane karo [[Kerajaan Melayu]] pra-Islam. Wong Melayu-Sriwijaya dikenal mbangun sistem bangunan sing rumit ing ibukutha, kutha-kutha gedhe, lan pusat kutha sing penting.]] [[Barkas:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Miturut ''[[Sejarah Melayu]]'', bukit iki nyathet munculé Sang Sapurba, leluhur legendaris kanggo macem-macem kulawarga kerajaan Melayu ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]], lan [[Kalimantan]].]] Literatur epik ''[[Sulalatus Salatin|Sajarah Melayu]]'' nggandhengake asal-usul etimologis "Melayu" karo kali cilik sing jenenge Sungai Melayu ('kali Melayu') ing [[Sumatra]], [[Indhonésia]]. Epik kasebut salah nyebutake yen kali kasebut mili menyang [[Kali Musi]] ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], dene sejatine mili menyang Kali Batang Hari ing [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah iki dianggep asale saka tembung Melayu ''melaju'', gabungan saka awalan verbal 'me' lan tembung oyot 'laju', sing tegese "nyepetake", digunakake kanggo njlentrehake arus kali sing deres lan cepet.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Minangka jeneng panggonan (toponim) === Sadurungé abad kaping 15, istilah "Melayu" lan varian sing mèmper katon ditrapaké minangka toponim lawas kanggo wilayah [[Selat Malaka]] sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", diterangake ing bab 48, Vayu Purana minangka salah sawijining provinsi ing segara wétan sing kebak emas lan perak. Sawetara sarjana nyamakake istilah iki karo [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} nanging sawetara sarjana India percaya yen istilah kasebut kudune nuduhake Semenanjung Melayu sing pagunungan, dene Sumatra luwih tepat digandhengake karo Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – lokasi ing Semenanjung Emas, saka karya [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemy]], Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – kasebut déning Yijing, sawijining biksu Buddha Tionghoa saka [[Wangsa Tang|Dinasti Tang]] sing ngunjungi Asia Tenggara ing taun 688–695. Miturut Yijing, karajan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' dumunung ing jarak 15 dina lelayaran saka Bogha (Palembang), ibukutha Sribhoga ([[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh layar 15 dina kanggo tekan Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) saka Mo-lo-yu; mula, bisa diarani yen Mo-Lo-Yu bakal dumunung ing tengah-tengah antarane rong panggonan kasebut.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Ana téori populer sing nggandhèngaké ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' karo [[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi|Jambi]] ing Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi kontradiksi karo katrangané Yi Jing babagan "layar setengah dalan antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Ing jaman [[Wangsa Yuan|Dinasti Yuan]] (1271–1368) lan [[Wangsa Ming|Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), tembung ''Ma-La-Yu'' kerep disebut ing teks-teks sejarah Tiongkok – kanthi owah-owahan ejaan amarga rentang wektu antarane dinasti – kanggo nyebutake sawijining bangsa ing cedhak segara kidul. Antarane istilah-istilah sing digunakake yaiku "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — dilacak saka sumber tinulis saka bhikkhu [[Xuanzang]]) lan Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – kasebut ing prasasti Tanjore. Iki digambarake minangka kerajaan sing nduweni "gunung sing kuwat minangka benteng" sing tiba menyang penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I ing abad kaping 11. Bisa uga ana ing Sumatra, antarane Pannai lan Sriwijaya ([[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} bisa uga ana ing situs arkeologi [[Kabupatèn Muaro Jambi|Muaro Jambi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – sing kasebut déning ahli géografi Arab abad kaping 12 [[Al-Idrisi|Muhammad al-Idrisi]] ing Tabula Rogeriana, pulo iki njlèntrèhaké semenanjung Malaya minangka pulo sing dawa lan nyebut Malai, wewatesan karo Qmer (Khmer) lan dunungé 12 dina layar saka Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (secara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi saka [[Prasasti Padang Roco]] taun 1286 M dening Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah iki ana gandheng cenenge karo kerajaan Dharmasraya. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – kasebut ing babad [[Wangsa Yuan]], nuduhake sawijining bangsa ing Semenanjung Melayu sing ngadhepi ekspansi Kerajaan Sukhothai menyang kidul, nalika jaman pamrentahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik kasebut nyatakake: "''..Ana rasa sengit antarane Siam lan Ma-li-yu-er nganti loro-lorone padha mateni siji lan sijine ...''". Kanggo nanggepi tumindake Sukhothai, utusan Tiongkok menyang kraton Ram Khamhaeng ing taun 1295 nggawa dekrit kekaisaran: "Tetepna janjimu lan aja nindakake piala marang Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – kasebut ing cathetan [[Marco Polo]] minangka kerajaan sing dumunung ing Semenanjung Melayu,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} bisa uga padha karo sing kasebut ing kronik Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kutha Malaya" utawa "bètèng Malaya"), sing ditulis ing [[prasasti Amoghapasa]] sing ditulis taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah iki digunakake dening [[Adityawarman]] kanggo nyebut Dharmasraya. Saran liyané kalebu tembung [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (minangka kriya: mlayu, partisip: buronan), utawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (nyepetake kanthi ajeg), sing nuduhake mobilitas dhuwur lan sifat migrasi wong-wongé. De Barros (1552) nyebutake yen [[Paraméswara|Iskandar Shah]] menehi jeneng ''Malaios'' (wong Melayu) kaya ngono amarga bapakne diusir saka negarane. Albuquerque nerangake yen [[Paraméswara|Parameswara]] mlayu (''malayo'') saka kerajaan Palembang menyang Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Minangka jeneng ètnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Wong Melayu ing Malaka | caption1 = Cat banyu Portugis wong Malaya ing Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, ditampilake ing Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Melayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Melayu, saka ''Reise nach Batavia'', antarane taun 1669 lan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget saka Kesultanan Malaka; akeh aspek budaya Melayu sing asale saka kraton Malaka }} Tembung "Melayu" minangka etnonim, kanggo ngrujuk marang kluster etnologis sing béda banget, dianggep wis dadi populer sajrone integrasi Kesultanan Malaka minangka kakuwatan regional ing abad kaping 15. Iki digunakake kanggo nglaporake babagan keberpihakan sosial wong Malaka tinimbang wong manca ing wilayah sing padha, utamane [[wong Jawa]] lan [[Thai]].{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Iki dibuktèkaké saka dhaptar tembung Melayu awal abad kaping 16 déning Antonio Pigafetta sing gabung karo pelayaran Magellan, sing ngrujuk babagan kepriyé frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Melayu') digunakaké ing maritim [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], kanggo nyebut ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] kanggo "ngomong babagan Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Sastra Melayu klasik nggambarake wong Melayu kanthi makna sing luwih sempit tinimbang interpretasi modern. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (kira-kira taun 1700, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1849) mung nyebutake wong Melayu minangka subjek Kesultanan Malaka; [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], nalika semana, ora dianggep minangka wong Melayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (manuskrip: 1876) contoné, ora nyebut Patani lan Brunéi minangka [[basa Malayu]], istilah kuwi mung digunakaké kanggo [[Johor]]. Kedah boten kalebet basa Melayu ing babad Kedah/Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (kira-kira 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (kira-kira taun 1625, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1675) nggandhengake etnis Melayu karo Johor, nanging mesthi ora karo Aceh utawa Deli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-9166-4 |pages=91–92 |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026|archive-date=31 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160702/https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For the dating of the manuscripts, see [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html|date=9 Agustus 2022}}.</ref> == Asal-usul == [[Barkas:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|Sekelompok wong lanang saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] nganggo sandhangan jinis ''Cekak Musang'', dienggo bareng karo [[songkèt]] (kiwa paling adoh) lan ''[[sarung|kain sarung]]''.]] === Modhél Proto-Melayu === Uga dikenal minangka ''Melayu asli'' (wong Melayu asli) utawa ''Melayu purba'' (wong Melayu kuna), wong Proto-Melayu asale saka Austronésia lan dipercaya wis migrasi menyang Kapuloan Melayu sajrone serangkaian migrasi dawa antarane 2500 lan 1500 SM.{{sfn|Ryan|1976|pp=4–5}} Proto-Melayu sing misuwur saiki yaiku Moken, Jakun, Orang Kuala, Temuan lan Orang Kanaq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orang Asli Population Statistics |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |url= http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233738/http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-date=22 Juli 2011}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History'' ({{lang|id|Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Sejarah Awal}}), wis nudingake total telung teori babagan asal-usul wong Melayu: * Teori Yunnan (diterbitake ing taun 1889) – Teori Proto-Melayu sing asale saka Yunnan kira-kira 4.000 nganti 6.000 taun kepungkur. Téori iki didhukung déning R.H Geldern lan timé sing nduwé téori yèn migrasi wong-wong mau kedadeyan saka Kali Mekong menyang [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Bukti liyané sing ndhukung téori iki kalebu piranti watu sing ditemokaké ing Kepulauan Melayu sing analog karo piranti Asia Tengah, sing nuduhaké kamiripan adat istiadat Melayu lan Assam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Parthipan |first1=Shalini |last2=Mirianti Ishar |first2=Seri |date=2022 |title=Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |journal=Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=86 |via=Journalarticle.ukm.my |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016080144/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * Teori New Guinea/Pelaut (diterbitake ing taun 1965) – Migrasi pelaut kanthi katrampilan oseanografi sing kuwat sing lelungan saka pulo siji menyang pulo liyane antarane [[Niu Sélan]] lan [[Madhagaskar]]. Teori kasebut ngaku yen morfologi wong Melayu nalika semana padha karo Negroid.<ref name=":0" /> * Teori [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] (diterbitake ing taun 1997) – Migrasi sekelompok wong saka Tiongkok Kidul kedadeyan 6.000 taun kepungkur, sawetara pindhah menyang [[Taiwan]] ([[wong pribumi Taiwan|pribumi Taiwan]] saiki minangka keturunane), banjur menyang [[Filipina]] lan mengko menyang [[Kalimantan]] (kurang luwih 4.500 taun kepungkur) ([[Dayak]] saiki lan kelompok liyane). Wong-wong kuna iki uga pisah, ana sing menyang [[Sulawesi]] lan ana sing menyang [[Jawa]], lan [[Sumatra]], sing saiki kabeh nganggo basa-basa sing kalebu kulawarga Basa Austronesia. Migrasi pungkasan kedadeyan ing Semenanjung Malaya kira-kira 3.000 taun kepungkur. Sawijining sub-kelompok saka Kalimantan pindhah menyang Champa ing jaman saiki sing diarani Vietnam Tengah lan Kidul kira-kira 4.500 taun kepungkur. Ana uga jejak migrasi Dong Son lan Hoabinhian saka [[Viètnam]] lan [[Kamboja]]. Kabeh klompok iki nduweni DNA lan asal-usul linguistik sing bisa ditelusuri saka pulo sing saiki diarani Taiwan, lan leluhure wong-wong kuna iki bisa ditelusuri saka Tiongkok kidul.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} ==== Deutero-Melayu ==== [[Barkas:Women from Palembang in Ikat weave, Wanita di Indonesia p29 (Ministry of Information).jpg|thumb|Wanita saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]] nganggo busana tradhisional, sing diarani Baju Kurung sing digawe saka [[Songkèt]]. Klambi iki umume digandhengake karo wanita keturunan Melayu.]] Wong Deutero-Melayu iku wong [[jaman wesi|Jaman Wesi]] sing sebagian turunan saka wong Austronésia sabanjure sing dilengkapi teknik pertanian sing luwih maju lan kawruh anyar babagan logam.{{sfn|Murdock|1969|p=278}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA495 495]}}{{sfn|Anderbeck|2002}} Para pemukim Deutero-Melayu ora nomaden kaya para leluhure: nanging dheweke manggon lan ngadegake kampung-kampung sing dadi unit utama ing masyarakat. Kampung-kampung iki biasane dumunung ing pinggir kali utawa pesisir lan umume bisa nyukupi pangan lan kabutuhan liyane. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 1 SM, kampung-kampung iki wiwit nindakake perdagangan karo jagad njaba.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=39}} Wong Deutero-Melayu dianggep minangka leluhur langsung saka wong Melayu saiki.{{sfn|TED|1999}} ==== Ekspansi saka modhél Sundaland ==== Téori sing luwih anyar nyatakaké yèn tinimbang dipanggoni déning ekspansi saka daratan, populasi Jaman És ing Semenanjung Malaya, Kapuloan Indhonésia sing cedhak, lan landas kontinèntal sing nalika iku katon (Sundaland) malah berkembang sacara lokal saka pemukim manungsa pisanan lan ngembang menyang daratan. Para pendukung téori iki percaya yèn ekspansi iki mènèhi panjelasan sing luwih irit babagan bukti linguistik, arkeologi, lan antropologis tinimbang modhèl sadurungé, mliginé model Taiwan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2006}} Téori iki uga nduwèni dhukungan saka bukti genetik anyar saka Human Genome Organisation sing nuduhaké yèn pedunung utama Asia kedadeyan ing siji migrasi liwat [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]; rute iki dianggep minangka wilayah Melayu modern lan keragaman ing wilayah kasebut berkembang utamane ing panggonan kasebut tanpa mbutuhake migrasi utama saka daratan. Ekspansi kasebut dhewe bisa uga disebabake dening kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es.{{sfn|Abdulla et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Soares, et al.|2008}} Stephen Oppenheimer, pendukung paham iki, luwih lanjut ngajokake teori yen ekspansi bangsa kedadeyan kanthi telung gelombang cepet amarga kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es, lan diaspora iki nyebarake bangsa-bangsa kasebut lan budaya, mitos, lan teknologi sing ana gandhengane ora mung menyang daratan Asia Tenggara, nanging uga nganti India, Timur Tengah, lan Mediterania. Para pengulas nemokake usulan-usulane kanggo pemukiman lan panyebaran asli pantes ditliti luwih lanjut, nanging isih skeptis karo klaim difusionis dheweke.{{sfn|Razak|2012}}{{sfn|Terrell|1999}}{{sfn|Baer|1999}} === Bukti genetik === Wong Melayu iku sawijining klompok ètnis sing manggon ing Asia Kidul-wétan lan Semenanjung Malaya sing nganggo basa Austronésia. Miturut panliten ing taun 2015, wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, [[Singapura]], [[Indhonésia]], lan [[Sri Lanka]] nduweni 4 komponen leluhur utama, kalebu Austronésia (17%–62%), Proto-Melayu (15%–31%), Asia Timur (4%–16%) lan Asia Selatan (3%–34%). Nanging komponen pribumi Austronésia lan Asia Tenggara luwih penting kanggo wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura lan Indhonésia tinimbang Asia Wétan lan Asia Kidul. Kosok baline, wong Melayu saka Sri Lanka nduweni udakara 34% keturunan Asia Kidul ing susunan genetik, sing ndadekake dheweke relatif béda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lian |last2=Hoh |first2=Boon-Peng |last3=Lu |first3=Dongsheng |last4=Saw |first4=Woei-Yuh |display-authors=3 |date=2015 |title=Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep14375 |pmid=26395220 |pmc=4585825 |bibcode=2015NatSR...514375D }}</ref> Panliten ing taun 2021 nyimpulake yen garis keturunan Basal-Asia Timur sing khas (kadhangkala diarani '''East- and Southeast Asian lineage''<nowiki/>' (ESEA)), sing minangka leluhure wong Asia Timur lan Tenggara modern, wong Polinesia, lan wong Siberia, asale saka Daratan Asia Tenggara ing ~50.000 SM, lan berkembang liwat pirang-pirang gelombang migrasi menyang kidul lan lor. Leluhur basal-Asia Wétan, uga leluhur sing ana gandhèngané karo [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]], nyebar menyang Asia Kidul-wétan Maritim sadurungé ekspansi Austronésia. Wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronésia dhewe dikira wis tekan ing [[Taiwan]] lan [[Filipina]] sisih lor antarane 10.000 lan 7.000 SM saka pesisir kidul Tiongkok, lan nyebar saka kana menyang saindenging Asia Tenggara. Para penulis nyimpulake yen ekspansi Austronésia menyang Insular Asia Tenggara lan [[Polinésia]] metu saka Filipina tinimbang Taiwan, lan wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronesia modern, kayata wong Melayu, umume duwe leluhur saka Basal-Asia Timur paling awal, migran Austroasia saka Asia Tenggara Daratan, lan pelaut sing nganggo basa Austronésia saka Filipina, tanpa akeh campuran saka klompok sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=30 Maret 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=118 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512|bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Melinda A. |date=6 Januari 2022 |title=A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia |url=http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |journal=Human Population Genetics and Genomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.47248/hpgg2202010001 |issn=2770-5005 |doi-access=free |access-date=25 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Mèi 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516110501/http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Budaya== === Agama === [[Barkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] ing wayah wengi [[Ramadhan]]. Karajan sugih iki nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Melayu'') minangka filosofi nasional wiwit kamardikane ing taun 1984.]] Komunitas Melayu wiwitan umumé [[animisme|animis]], percaya marang anané ''semangat'' (roh) ing saben bab.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira nalika wiwitan jaman umum, agama [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] dikenalake dening para pedagang Asia Kidul menyang Kepulauan Melayu, ing ngendi agama kasebut berkembang nganti abad kaping 13, sadurunge tekane Islam sing digawa dening para pedagang Muslim Arab, Asia Kidul, lan Tiongkok. Ing abad kaping 15, Islam saka sekte [[Sunni]] ortodoks ngrembaka ing jagad Melayu ing jaman Kesultanan Malaka. Beda karo agama [[Hindhu|Hindu]], sing mung ngowahi masyarakat Melayu awal kanthi dangkal, [[Islam]] bisa diarani wis terintegrasi kanthi lengkap menyang urip saben dinane penduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Wiwit jaman iki, wong Melayu dianggep minangka kelompok etnoreligius lan sacara tradhisional nduweni identifikasi sing cedhak karo Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} lan wiwit kuwi dheweke ora ngganti agama.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas iki kuwat banget nganti diarani dadi Muslim yaiku ''masuk Melayu'' (mlebu keMelayuan).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan mangkono, kapercayan-kapercayan sadurungé sing duwé oyot sing luwih jero, tetep nglawan kutukan Islam - lan pancen mistisisme [[Sufisme]] wis gegandhèngan ing antarane wong Melayu, karo roh-roh saka jagad animisme sadurungé lan sawetara unsur Hindhu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Sawisé taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (uga diarani re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) ing saindenging jagad Muslim, akèh tradhisi sing dianggep nglanggar ajaran Islam lan ngandhut unsur syirik ditinggalaké déning wong Melayu ing Malaysia, déné ing antarane wong Melayu ing Indhonésia, tradhisi kasebut ora dianggep takhayul lan ngandhut unsur syirik. Ing antarane tradhisi kasebut yaiku festival ''mandi'' safar (adus [[Safar]]), festival [[adus]] kanggo nggayuh kasucian spiritual, sing bisa dideleng fitur-fitur sing padha karo sawetara ing Durga Puja ing India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Akèh-akèhé saka ètnis Melayu modern sing penganut Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> lan riyaya Melayu sing paling penting yaiku sing asalé saka Islam - ''[[Idul Fitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Idul Adha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharram|Awal Muharram]]'', lan ''[[Mulud (pahargyan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Wong Melayu sing metu saka Islam ing Malaysia lan Brunéi dianggep murtad. Nanging, ana sawetara etnis Melayu sing manggon ing njaba negara-negara kasebut uga wis nganut agama liya kanthi sah miturut hukum. ==Sub-ètnis== {{Uga deleng|Wong Melayu Malaysia|Wong Melayu Indhonésia}} ==Deleng uga== * [[Donya Melayu]] * [[Omah Melayu]] ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melayu}} [[Kategori:Melayu|*]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia]] {{Featured article}} {{Authority control}} rc6eif20ld7wb6pumac79j4wigfmrxf 1751063 1751061 2026-07-02T05:29:30Z ~2026-37770-06 73448 1751063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <br/>Wong Melayu<br/>''Orang Melayu''<br/>أورڠ ملايو | image = [[Gambar:Siti Nurhaliza - KLIFF 08.jpg|57px|Siti Nurhaliza]] [[Gambar:Mahathir 2007.jpg|57px|Mahathir Mohammad]] [[Gambar:Muszaphar shukor.jpg|57px|Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/>[[Gambar:Amir Hamzah portrait edit.jpg|51px|Amir Hamzah]] [[Gambar:Raja Ali Haji.jpg|57px|Raja Ali Haji]] [[Gambar:Hamzah Haz.jpg|57px|Hamzah Haz]]<br/>[[Gambar:Siti Nordiana interviewed by MeleTOP.jpg|70px|Siti Nordiana]] | caption = Sakarepe: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] • [[Mahathir Mohammad]] • [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/> Kaloro: [[Amir Hamzah]] • [[Raja Ali Haji]] • [[Hamzah Haz]]<br/> Katelu: [[Siti Nordiana]] | poptime = {{circa}} '''40.000.000 jiwane''' <!-- sum of numbers from each region below --> | region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung mayoritas'''</span> | region6 = '''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]''' | pop6 = 20.749.378 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunéi Darussalam]]''' | pop7 = 501.902 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref7 = {{lower|<ref name="CIA (B)>"{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region8 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung minoritas'''</span> | pop8 = | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]''' | pop9 = 8.789.585 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} | region10 = '''{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]''' | pop10 = 5.354.475 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples|2005}}</ref>}} | region11 = '''{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]''' | pop11 = 1.003.449 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref11 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} | region12 = '''{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipina]]''' | pop12 = 2.000.000 | ref12 = | languages = [[Basa Malayu]], [[Basa Indhonésia]], [[Basa Thai]], [[Basa Arab]], [[Basa Inggris]], lan [[Basa Tamil]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = [[Wong Acèh|Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minang]], [[Wong Kerinci|Kerinci]], [[Wong Tidung|Tidung]], [[Wong Laut|Laut]], [[Wong Betawi|Betawi]] }} [[Gambar:Malay couple.jpg|thumb|300px|Pasangan Melayu nganggo sandhangan tradhisional sawisé upacara ''akad nikah''. Penganten kakung nganggo ''baju melayu'' nganggo ''songkok'' lan ''[[songkèt]]'', dene penganten putri nganggo ''baju kurung'' nganggo ''tudong''.]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34.jpg|thumb|300px|Wadon Melayu ing Kutai diidentifikasi kanthi bentuk bun sing khas (litografi dening C. F. Kelley adhedhasar gambar dening Carl Book, [[1887]])]] '''Wong Melayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Aksara Jawi|Jawi]]: ملايو) minangka klompok suku bangsa [[Austronésia]] utamané ing Semenanjung Malaya, ing saindenging [[Sumatra]], kidul [[Thailand]], pesisir kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Borneo]] pesisir kalebu [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] lan [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]] pesisir, [[Pilipina]] sisih kulon lan sisih kidul, lan pulo-pulo cilik sing ana ing antarané lokasi kasebut — sacara koléktif dikenal minangka "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi iki saiki dadi bagéan saka negara-negara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Malah, akéh komunitas [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]], lan [[Dayak]] sing pindhah menyang pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]] lan pesisir kulon [[Kalimantan]], ngaku wong Melayu. Saliyané ing Nusantara, wong Melayu uga ang ing [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)]] ''(Cocos Malays)'', lan [[Afrika Kidul]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Ana maneka warna basa, budaya, seni, lan sosial sing cukup akeh ing antarane akeh subkelompok Melayu, utamane amarga atusan taun imigrasi lan asimilasi macem-macem etnis lan suku regional ing Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamane keturunan saka suku [[kulawarga basa Austronésia|Austronésia]] lan [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]] sing nganggo [[basa Malayu]] sadurunge sing ngedegake sawetara negara lan kerajaan dagang maritim kuna, utamane [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Kerajaan Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Tekane Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15 micu revolusi gedhe ing sejarah Melayu, sing penting banget dumunung ing warisan politik lan budaya sing jembar. Tandha-tandha definitif umum saka kemelayuan — agama Islam, basa lan tradhisi Melayu — dianggep wis diproklamasikake ing jaman iki, sing ndadékaké etnogenesis wong Melayu minangka klompok etnoreligius utama ing wilayah kasebut. Ing sastra, arsitektur, tradhisi kuliner, sandhangan tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri, lan tradhisi kraton, Malaka netepake standar sing ditiru dening kesultanan Melayu sabanjure. Jaman keemasan kesultanan Melayu ing Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, lan Pesisir Kalimantan nyumurupi akèh pedunungé, mliginé saka manéka warna komunitas suku kaya ta [[Wong Batak|Batak]], [[Dayak]], Wong Asli, lan [[Wong Laut]], sing tundhuk marang Islamisasi lan Invasi Melayu. Sajrone sejarah, istilah "Melayu" wis ditambahi menyang klompok etnis liyane ing "[[Donya Melayu]]"; panggunaan iki saiki umume diwatesi ing Malaysia lan Singapura, ing ngendi keturunan liyane saka klompok etnis iki diarani Anak Dagang ("pedagang") lan umume asale saka [[Indhonésia]] kayata [[wong Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]], [[Wong Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minangkêbo]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]]. == Etimologi == [[Barkas:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|[[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi]] ing [[Jambi]], sacara historis ana hubungane karo [[Kerajaan Melayu]] pra-Islam. Wong Melayu-Sriwijaya dikenal mbangun sistem bangunan sing rumit ing ibukutha, kutha-kutha gedhe, lan pusat kutha sing penting.]] [[Barkas:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Miturut ''[[Sejarah Melayu]]'', bukit iki nyathet munculé Sang Sapurba, leluhur legendaris kanggo macem-macem kulawarga kerajaan Melayu ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]], lan [[Kalimantan]].]] Literatur epik ''[[Sulalatus Salatin|Sajarah Melayu]]'' nggandhengake asal-usul etimologis "Melayu" karo kali cilik sing jenenge Sungai Melayu ('kali Melayu') ing [[Sumatra]], [[Indhonésia]]. Epik kasebut salah nyebutake yen kali kasebut mili menyang [[Kali Musi]] ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], dene sejatine mili menyang Kali Batang Hari ing [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah iki dianggep asale saka tembung Melayu ''melaju'', gabungan saka awalan verbal 'me' lan tembung oyot 'laju', sing tegese "nyepetake", digunakake kanggo njlentrehake arus kali sing deres lan cepet.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Minangka jeneng panggonan (toponim) === Sadurungé abad kaping 15, istilah "Melayu" lan varian sing mèmper katon ditrapaké minangka toponim lawas kanggo wilayah [[Selat Malaka]] sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", diterangake ing bab 48, Vayu Purana minangka salah sawijining provinsi ing segara wétan sing kebak emas lan perak. Sawetara sarjana nyamakake istilah iki karo [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} nanging sawetara sarjana India percaya yen istilah kasebut kudune nuduhake Semenanjung Melayu sing pagunungan, dene Sumatra luwih tepat digandhengake karo Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – lokasi ing Semenanjung Emas, saka karya [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemy]], Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – kasebut déning Yijing, sawijining biksu Buddha Tionghoa saka [[Wangsa Tang|Dinasti Tang]] sing ngunjungi Asia Tenggara ing taun 688–695. Miturut Yijing, karajan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' dumunung ing jarak 15 dina lelayaran saka Bogha (Palembang), ibukutha Sribhoga ([[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh layar 15 dina kanggo tekan Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) saka Mo-lo-yu; mula, bisa diarani yen Mo-Lo-Yu bakal dumunung ing tengah-tengah antarane rong panggonan kasebut.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Ana téori populer sing nggandhèngaké ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' karo [[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi|Jambi]] ing Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi kontradiksi karo katrangané Yi Jing babagan "layar setengah dalan antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Ing jaman [[Wangsa Yuan|Dinasti Yuan]] (1271–1368) lan [[Wangsa Ming|Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), tembung ''Ma-La-Yu'' kerep disebut ing teks-teks sejarah Tiongkok – kanthi owah-owahan ejaan amarga rentang wektu antarane dinasti – kanggo nyebutake sawijining bangsa ing cedhak segara kidul. Antarane istilah-istilah sing digunakake yaiku "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — dilacak saka sumber tinulis saka bhikkhu [[Xuanzang]]) lan Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – kasebut ing prasasti Tanjore. Iki digambarake minangka kerajaan sing nduweni "gunung sing kuwat minangka benteng" sing tiba menyang penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I ing abad kaping 11. Bisa uga ana ing Sumatra, antarane Pannai lan Sriwijaya ([[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} bisa uga ana ing situs arkeologi [[Kabupatèn Muaro Jambi|Muaro Jambi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – sing kasebut déning ahli géografi Arab abad kaping 12 [[Al-Idrisi|Muhammad al-Idrisi]] ing Tabula Rogeriana, pulo iki njlèntrèhaké semenanjung Malaya minangka pulo sing dawa lan nyebut Malai, wewatesan karo Qmer (Khmer) lan dunungé 12 dina layar saka Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (secara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi saka [[Prasasti Padang Roco]] taun 1286 M dening Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah iki ana gandheng cenenge karo kerajaan Dharmasraya. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – kasebut ing babad [[Wangsa Yuan]], nuduhake sawijining bangsa ing Semenanjung Melayu sing ngadhepi ekspansi Kerajaan Sukhothai menyang kidul, nalika jaman pamrentahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik kasebut nyatakake: "''..Ana rasa sengit antarane Siam lan Ma-li-yu-er nganti loro-lorone padha mateni siji lan sijine ...''". Kanggo nanggepi tumindake Sukhothai, utusan Tiongkok menyang kraton Ram Khamhaeng ing taun 1295 nggawa dekrit kekaisaran: "Tetepna janjimu lan aja nindakake piala marang Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – kasebut ing cathetan [[Marco Polo]] minangka kerajaan sing dumunung ing Semenanjung Melayu,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} bisa uga padha karo sing kasebut ing kronik Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kutha Malaya" utawa "bètèng Malaya"), sing ditulis ing [[prasasti Amoghapasa]] sing ditulis taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah iki digunakake dening [[Adityawarman]] kanggo nyebut Dharmasraya. Saran liyané kalebu tembung [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (minangka kriya: mlayu, partisip: buronan), utawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (nyepetake kanthi ajeg), sing nuduhake mobilitas dhuwur lan sifat migrasi wong-wongé. De Barros (1552) nyebutake yen [[Paraméswara|Iskandar Shah]] menehi jeneng ''Malaios'' (wong Melayu) kaya ngono amarga bapakne diusir saka negarane. Albuquerque nerangake yen [[Paraméswara|Parameswara]] mlayu (''malayo'') saka kerajaan Palembang menyang Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Minangka jeneng ètnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Wong Melayu ing Malaka | caption1 = Cat banyu Portugis wong Malaya ing Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, ditampilake ing Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Melayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Melayu, saka ''Reise nach Batavia'', antarane taun 1669 lan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget saka Kesultanan Malaka; akeh aspek budaya Melayu sing asale saka kraton Malaka }} Tembung "Melayu" minangka etnonim, kanggo ngrujuk marang kluster etnologis sing béda banget, dianggep wis dadi populer sajrone integrasi Kesultanan Malaka minangka kakuwatan regional ing abad kaping 15. Iki digunakake kanggo nglaporake babagan keberpihakan sosial wong Malaka tinimbang wong manca ing wilayah sing padha, utamane [[wong Jawa]] lan [[Thai]].{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Iki dibuktèkaké saka dhaptar tembung Melayu awal abad kaping 16 déning Antonio Pigafetta sing gabung karo pelayaran Magellan, sing ngrujuk babagan kepriyé frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Melayu') digunakaké ing maritim [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], kanggo nyebut ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] kanggo "ngomong babagan Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Sastra Melayu klasik nggambarake wong Melayu kanthi makna sing luwih sempit tinimbang interpretasi modern. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (kira-kira taun 1700, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1849) mung nyebutake wong Melayu minangka subjek Kesultanan Malaka; [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], nalika semana, ora dianggep minangka wong Melayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (manuskrip: 1876) contoné, ora nyebut Patani lan Brunéi minangka [[basa Malayu]], istilah kuwi mung digunakaké kanggo [[Johor]]. Kedah boten kalebet basa Melayu ing babad Kedah/Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (kira-kira 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (kira-kira taun 1625, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1675) nggandhengake etnis Melayu karo Johor, nanging mesthi ora karo Aceh utawa Deli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-9166-4 |pages=91–92 |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026|archive-date=31 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160702/https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For the dating of the manuscripts, see [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html|date=9 Agustus 2022}}.</ref> == Asal-usul == [[Barkas:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|Sekelompok wong lanang saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] nganggo sandhangan jinis ''Cekak Musang'', dienggo bareng karo [[songkèt]] (kiwa paling adoh) lan ''[[sarung|kain sarung]]''.]] === Modhél Proto-Melayu === Uga dikenal minangka ''Melayu asli'' (wong Melayu asli) utawa ''Melayu purba'' (wong Melayu kuna), wong Proto-Melayu asale saka Austronésia lan dipercaya wis migrasi menyang Kapuloan Melayu sajrone serangkaian migrasi dawa antarane 2500 lan 1500 SM.{{sfn|Ryan|1976|pp=4–5}} Proto-Melayu sing misuwur saiki yaiku Moken, Jakun, Orang Kuala, Temuan lan Orang Kanaq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orang Asli Population Statistics |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |url= http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233738/http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-date=22 Juli 2011}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History'' ({{lang|id|Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Sejarah Awal}}), wis nudingake total telung teori babagan asal-usul wong Melayu: * Teori Yunnan (diterbitake ing taun 1889) – Teori Proto-Melayu sing asale saka Yunnan kira-kira 4.000 nganti 6.000 taun kepungkur. Téori iki didhukung déning R.H Geldern lan timé sing nduwé téori yèn migrasi wong-wong mau kedadeyan saka Kali Mekong menyang [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Bukti liyané sing ndhukung téori iki kalebu piranti watu sing ditemokaké ing Kepulauan Melayu sing analog karo piranti Asia Tengah, sing nuduhaké kamiripan adat istiadat Melayu lan Assam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Parthipan |first1=Shalini |last2=Mirianti Ishar |first2=Seri |date=2022 |title=Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |journal=Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=86 |via=Journalarticle.ukm.my |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016080144/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * Teori New Guinea/Pelaut (diterbitake ing taun 1965) – Migrasi pelaut kanthi katrampilan oseanografi sing kuwat sing lelungan saka pulo siji menyang pulo liyane antarane [[Niu Sélan]] lan [[Madhagaskar]]. Teori kasebut ngaku yen morfologi wong Melayu nalika semana padha karo Negroid.<ref name=":0" /> * Teori [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] (diterbitake ing taun 1997) – Migrasi sekelompok wong saka Tiongkok Kidul kedadeyan 6.000 taun kepungkur, sawetara pindhah menyang [[Taiwan]] ([[wong pribumi Taiwan|pribumi Taiwan]] saiki minangka keturunane), banjur menyang [[Filipina]] lan mengko menyang [[Kalimantan]] (kurang luwih 4.500 taun kepungkur) ([[Dayak]] saiki lan kelompok liyane). Wong-wong kuna iki uga pisah, ana sing menyang [[Sulawesi]] lan ana sing menyang [[Jawa]], lan [[Sumatra]], sing saiki kabeh nganggo basa-basa sing kalebu kulawarga Basa Austronesia. Migrasi pungkasan kedadeyan ing Semenanjung Malaya kira-kira 3.000 taun kepungkur. Sawijining sub-kelompok saka Kalimantan pindhah menyang Champa ing jaman saiki sing diarani Vietnam Tengah lan Kidul kira-kira 4.500 taun kepungkur. Ana uga jejak migrasi Dong Son lan Hoabinhian saka [[Viètnam]] lan [[Kamboja]]. Kabeh klompok iki nduweni DNA lan asal-usul linguistik sing bisa ditelusuri saka pulo sing saiki diarani Taiwan, lan leluhure wong-wong kuna iki bisa ditelusuri saka Tiongkok kidul.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} ==== Deutero-Melayu ==== [[Barkas:Women from Palembang in Ikat weave, Wanita di Indonesia p29 (Ministry of Information).jpg|thumb|Wanita saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]] nganggo busana tradhisional, sing diarani Baju Kurung sing digawe saka [[Songkèt]]. Klambi iki umume digandhengake karo wanita keturunan Melayu.]] Wong Deutero-Melayu iku wong [[jaman wesi|Jaman Wesi]] sing sebagian turunan saka wong Austronésia sabanjure sing dilengkapi teknik pertanian sing luwih maju lan kawruh anyar babagan logam.{{sfn|Murdock|1969|p=278}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA495 495]}}{{sfn|Anderbeck|2002}} Para pemukim Deutero-Melayu ora nomaden kaya para leluhure: nanging dheweke manggon lan ngadegake kampung-kampung sing dadi unit utama ing masyarakat. Kampung-kampung iki biasane dumunung ing pinggir kali utawa pesisir lan umume bisa nyukupi pangan lan kabutuhan liyane. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 1 SM, kampung-kampung iki wiwit nindakake perdagangan karo jagad njaba.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=39}} Wong Deutero-Melayu dianggep minangka leluhur langsung saka wong Melayu saiki.{{sfn|TED|1999}} ==== Ekspansi saka modhél Sundaland ==== Téori sing luwih anyar nyatakaké yèn tinimbang dipanggoni déning ekspansi saka daratan, populasi Jaman És ing Semenanjung Malaya, Kapuloan Indhonésia sing cedhak, lan landas kontinèntal sing nalika iku katon (Sundaland) malah berkembang sacara lokal saka pemukim manungsa pisanan lan ngembang menyang daratan. Para pendukung téori iki percaya yèn ekspansi iki mènèhi panjelasan sing luwih irit babagan bukti linguistik, arkeologi, lan antropologis tinimbang modhèl sadurungé, mliginé model Taiwan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2006}} Téori iki uga nduwèni dhukungan saka bukti genetik anyar saka Human Genome Organisation sing nuduhaké yèn pedunung utama Asia kedadeyan ing siji migrasi liwat [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]; rute iki dianggep minangka wilayah Melayu modern lan keragaman ing wilayah kasebut berkembang utamane ing panggonan kasebut tanpa mbutuhake migrasi utama saka daratan. Ekspansi kasebut dhewe bisa uga disebabake dening kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es.{{sfn|Abdulla et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Soares, et al.|2008}} Stephen Oppenheimer, pendukung paham iki, luwih lanjut ngajokake teori yen ekspansi bangsa kedadeyan kanthi telung gelombang cepet amarga kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es, lan diaspora iki nyebarake bangsa-bangsa kasebut lan budaya, mitos, lan teknologi sing ana gandhengane ora mung menyang daratan Asia Tenggara, nanging uga nganti India, Timur Tengah, lan Mediterania. Para pengulas nemokake usulan-usulane kanggo pemukiman lan panyebaran asli pantes ditliti luwih lanjut, nanging isih skeptis karo klaim difusionis dheweke.{{sfn|Razak|2012}}{{sfn|Terrell|1999}}{{sfn|Baer|1999}} === Bukti genetik === Wong Melayu iku sawijining klompok ètnis sing manggon ing Asia Kidul-wétan lan Semenanjung Malaya sing nganggo basa Austronésia. Miturut panliten ing taun 2015, wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, [[Singapura]], [[Indhonésia]], lan [[Sri Lanka]] nduweni 4 komponen leluhur utama, kalebu Austronésia (17%–62%), Proto-Melayu (15%–31%), Asia Timur (4%–16%) lan Asia Selatan (3%–34%). Nanging komponen pribumi Austronésia lan Asia Tenggara luwih penting kanggo wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura lan Indhonésia tinimbang Asia Wétan lan Asia Kidul. Kosok baline, wong Melayu saka Sri Lanka nduweni udakara 34% keturunan Asia Kidul ing susunan genetik, sing ndadekake dheweke relatif béda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lian |last2=Hoh |first2=Boon-Peng |last3=Lu |first3=Dongsheng |last4=Saw |first4=Woei-Yuh |display-authors=3 |date=2015 |title=Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep14375 |pmid=26395220 |pmc=4585825 |bibcode=2015NatSR...514375D }}</ref> Panliten ing taun 2021 nyimpulake yen garis keturunan Basal-Asia Timur sing khas (kadhangkala diarani '''East- and Southeast Asian lineage''<nowiki/>' (ESEA)), sing minangka leluhure wong Asia Timur lan Tenggara modern, wong Polinesia, lan wong Siberia, asale saka Daratan Asia Tenggara ing ~50.000 SM, lan berkembang liwat pirang-pirang gelombang migrasi menyang kidul lan lor. Leluhur basal-Asia Wétan, uga leluhur sing ana gandhèngané karo [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]], nyebar menyang Asia Kidul-wétan Maritim sadurungé ekspansi Austronésia. Wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronésia dhewe dikira wis tekan ing [[Taiwan]] lan [[Filipina]] sisih lor antarane 10.000 lan 7.000 SM saka pesisir kidul Tiongkok, lan nyebar saka kana menyang saindenging Asia Tenggara. Para penulis nyimpulake yen ekspansi Austronésia menyang Insular Asia Tenggara lan [[Polinésia]] metu saka Filipina tinimbang Taiwan, lan wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronesia modern, kayata wong Melayu, umume duwe leluhur saka Basal-Asia Timur paling awal, migran Austroasia saka Asia Tenggara Daratan, lan pelaut sing nganggo basa Austronésia saka Filipina, tanpa akeh campuran saka klompok sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=30 Maret 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=118 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512|bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Melinda A. |date=6 Januari 2022 |title=A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia |url=http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |journal=Human Population Genetics and Genomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.47248/hpgg2202010001 |issn=2770-5005 |doi-access=free |access-date=25 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Mèi 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516110501/http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Budaya== === Agama === [[Barkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] ing wayah wengi [[Ramadhan]]. Karajan sugih iki nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Melayu'') minangka filosofi nasional wiwit kamardikane ing taun 1984.]] Komunitas Melayu wiwitan umumé [[animisme|animis]], percaya marang anané ''semangat'' (roh) ing saben bab.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira nalika wiwitan jaman umum, agama [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] dikenalake dening para pedagang Asia Kidul menyang Kepulauan Melayu, ing ngendi agama kasebut berkembang nganti abad kaping 13, sadurunge tekane Islam sing digawa dening para pedagang Muslim Arab, Asia Kidul, lan Tiongkok. Ing abad kaping 15, Islam saka sekte [[Sunni]] ortodoks ngrembaka ing jagad Melayu ing jaman Kesultanan Malaka. Beda karo agama [[Hindhu|Hindu]], sing mung ngowahi masyarakat Melayu awal kanthi dangkal, [[Islam]] bisa diarani wis terintegrasi kanthi lengkap menyang urip saben dinane penduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Wiwit jaman iki, wong Melayu dianggep minangka kelompok etnoreligius lan sacara tradhisional nduweni identifikasi sing cedhak karo Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} lan wiwit kuwi dheweke ora ngganti agama.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas iki kuwat banget nganti diarani dadi Muslim yaiku ''masuk Melayu'' (mlebu keMelayuan).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan mangkono, kapercayan-kapercayan sadurungé sing duwé oyot sing luwih jero, tetep nglawan kutukan Islam - lan pancen mistisisme [[Sufisme]] wis gegandhèngan ing antarane wong Melayu, karo roh-roh saka jagad animisme sadurungé lan sawetara unsur Hindhu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Sawisé taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (uga diarani re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) ing saindenging jagad Muslim, akèh tradhisi sing dianggep nglanggar ajaran Islam lan ngandhut unsur syirik ditinggalaké déning wong Melayu ing Malaysia, déné ing antarane wong Melayu ing Indhonésia, tradhisi kasebut ora dianggep takhayul lan ngandhut unsur syirik. Ing antarane tradhisi kasebut yaiku festival ''mandi'' safar (adus [[Safar]]), festival [[adus]] kanggo nggayuh kasucian spiritual, sing bisa dideleng fitur-fitur sing padha karo sawetara ing Durga Puja ing India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Akèh-akèhé saka ètnis Melayu modern sing penganut Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> lan riyaya Melayu sing paling penting yaiku sing asalé saka Islam - ''[[Idul Fitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Idul Adha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharram|Awal Muharram]]'', lan ''[[Mulud (pahargyan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Wong Melayu sing metu saka Islam ing Malaysia lan Brunéi dianggep murtad. Nanging, ana sawetara etnis Melayu sing manggon ing njaba negara-negara kasebut uga wis nganut agama liya kanthi sah miturut hukum. ===Basa=== [[Barkas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]]. Wis ana wiwit taun 683, iki minangka salah sawijining artefak tulisan Melayu paling tuwa sing isih ana.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Aksara Gundhil}} [[Basa Malayu]] iku salah siji basa sing paling misuwur ing donya, mligine saka kulawarga basa Austronésia. Varian lan dialek [[basa Melayu]] digunakake minangka basa resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], lan [[Singapura]]. Basa iki uga dicaturaké ing [[Thai]]land kidul, [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)|Kapuloan Cocos]], [[Pulo Natal]], lan [[Sri Lanka]]. Basa iki dicaturaké déning kurang luwih 33 yuta wong ing sakubengé Kapuloan Melayu lan digunakaké minangka basa kapindho déning kurang luwih 220 yuta wong.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Wangun basa Malayu paling tuwa asale saka basa Proto-Malayu-Polinésia sing dituturake dening para pemukim Austronésia paling awal ing [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Wangun iki banjur berkembang dadi basa Malayu Kuna nalika budaya lan agama India wiwit nembus wilayah kasebut. Basa Melayu Kuna ngandhut sawetara istilah sing isih ana nganti saiki, nanging tetep ora bisa dimangerteni dening penutur modern, dene basa modern wis umume bisa dikenali ing basa Melayu Klasik tulisan, sing bentuk paling tuwa wiwit taun 1303 Masehi.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Melayu berkembang dadi basa Malayu Klasik liwat mlebune akeh kosakata [[basa Arab|Arab]] lan [[basa Pèrsi|Pèrsi]] kanthi bertahap nalika Islam mlebu ing wilayah kasebut, lan sajrone proses kasebut ana owah-owahan sing signifikan. Wiwitane, basa Melayu Klasik minangka klompok dialek sing maneka warna, sing nggambarake asal-usul kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu ing Asia Kidul-wétan. Salah sawijining dialek iki, sing dikembangake ing tradhisi sastra Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, pungkasane dadi dominan. Jaman Malaka ditandhani karo owah-owahan basa Melayu dadi basa Islam, kaya dene basa Arab, Persia, Urdu, lan Swahili. An adapted Arabic script called [[Jawi script|Jawi]] was used replacing the Kawi script, Islamic religious and cultural terminologies were abundantly assimilated, discarding many Hindu-Buddhist words, and Malay became the language of Islamic medium of instruction and dissemination throughout Southeast Asian region. At the height of Malacca's power in the 15th century, the Classical Malay spread beyond the traditional Malay speaking world<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> and resulted in a ''[[lingua franca]]'' that was called ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Bazaar Malay") or ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Low Malay") as opposed to the ''Bahasa Melayu tinggi'' ("High Malay") of Malacca.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} It is generally believed that [[Malay trade and creole languages|Bazaar Malay]] was a pidgin and the most important development, however, has been that pidgin creolised, creating several new languages such as the [[Ambonese Malay#Ambonese Malay|Ambonese Malay]], [[Manado Malay]] and [[Betawi language]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} European writers of the 17th and 18th centuries, such as [[Jean-Baptiste Tavernier|Tavernier]], [[Louis Thomassin|Thomassin]] and [[Anthony Abraham Werndly|Werndly]] describe Malay as "''language of the learned in all the Indies, like [[Latin language|Latin]] in Europe''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} It is also the most widely used during British and Dutch colonial era in the Malay Archipelago.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} The reversed was seen in the [[Spanish East Indies]], where mass [[Romanization (cultural)|latinisation]] of the archipelago during the colonial years resulted the historical [[coup de grâce]] of the Malay language in the Philippines. The dialect of [[Johor Sultanate]], the direct successor of Malacca, became the standard speech among Malays in [[Singapore]] and [[Malaysia]], and it formed the original basis for the standardised [[Indonesian language]].<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Apart from the standard Malay, developed within the Malacca-Johor sphere, various local [[Malayan languages|Malay dialects]] exist. For example, the [[Bangka language|Bangkanese]], the [[Brunei Malay|Bruneian]], the [[Jambi Malay|Jambian]], the [[Kelantanese]], the [[Kedah Malay|Kedahan]], the [[Negeri Sembilan Malay language|Negeri Sembilanese]], the [[Musi language|Palembangnese]], the [[Pattani Malay|Pattanese]], the [[Sarawak Malay|Sarawakian]], the [[Terengganu Malay|Terengganuan]], and many others. The Malay language was historically written in [[Pallava script|Pallawa]], [[Kawi script|Kawi]] and [[Rencong script|Rencong]]. After the arrival of Islam, [[Arabic script|Arabic]]-based [[Jawi script]] was adopted and is still in use today as one of the two official scripts in Brunei and as an alternative script in [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Oktober 2012 }}</ref> Beginning from the 17th century, as a result of British and Dutch colonisation, Jawi was gradually replaced by the Latin-based [[Rumi script]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> which eventually became the official modern script for Malay language in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia, and co-official script in Brunei. ==Sub-ètnis== {{Uga deleng|Wong Melayu Malaysia|Wong Melayu Indhonésia}} ==Deleng uga== * [[Donya Melayu]] * [[Omah Melayu]] ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melayu}} [[Kategori:Melayu|*]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia]] {{Featured article}} {{Authority control}} barujbg2fukhkg6xqo6ynmih59xi7cu 1751066 1751063 2026-07-02T06:36:07Z ~2026-37770-06 73448 /* Basa */ 1751066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <br/>Wong Melayu<br/>''Orang Melayu''<br/>أورڠ ملايو | image = [[Gambar:Siti Nurhaliza - KLIFF 08.jpg|57px|Siti Nurhaliza]] [[Gambar:Mahathir 2007.jpg|57px|Mahathir Mohammad]] [[Gambar:Muszaphar shukor.jpg|57px|Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/>[[Gambar:Amir Hamzah portrait edit.jpg|51px|Amir Hamzah]] [[Gambar:Raja Ali Haji.jpg|57px|Raja Ali Haji]] [[Gambar:Hamzah Haz.jpg|57px|Hamzah Haz]]<br/>[[Gambar:Siti Nordiana interviewed by MeleTOP.jpg|70px|Siti Nordiana]] | caption = Sakarepe: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] • [[Mahathir Mohammad]] • [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/> Kaloro: [[Amir Hamzah]] • [[Raja Ali Haji]] • [[Hamzah Haz]]<br/> Katelu: [[Siti Nordiana]] | poptime = {{circa}} '''40.000.000 jiwane''' <!-- sum of numbers from each region below --> | region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung mayoritas'''</span> | region6 = '''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]''' | pop6 = 20.749.378 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunéi Darussalam]]''' | pop7 = 501.902 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref7 = {{lower|<ref name="CIA (B)>"{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region8 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung minoritas'''</span> | pop8 = | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]''' | pop9 = 8.789.585 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} | region10 = '''{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]''' | pop10 = 5.354.475 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples|2005}}</ref>}} | region11 = '''{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]''' | pop11 = 1.003.449 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref11 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} | region12 = '''{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipina]]''' | pop12 = 2.000.000 | ref12 = | languages = [[Basa Malayu]], [[Basa Indhonésia]], [[Basa Thai]], [[Basa Arab]], [[Basa Inggris]], lan [[Basa Tamil]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = [[Wong Acèh|Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minang]], [[Wong Kerinci|Kerinci]], [[Wong Tidung|Tidung]], [[Wong Laut|Laut]], [[Wong Betawi|Betawi]] }} [[Gambar:Malay couple.jpg|thumb|300px|Pasangan Melayu nganggo sandhangan tradhisional sawisé upacara ''akad nikah''. Penganten kakung nganggo ''baju melayu'' nganggo ''songkok'' lan ''[[songkèt]]'', dene penganten putri nganggo ''baju kurung'' nganggo ''tudong''.]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34.jpg|thumb|300px|Wadon Melayu ing Kutai diidentifikasi kanthi bentuk bun sing khas (litografi dening C. F. Kelley adhedhasar gambar dening Carl Book, [[1887]])]] '''Wong Melayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Aksara Jawi|Jawi]]: ملايو) minangka klompok suku bangsa [[Austronésia]] utamané ing Semenanjung Malaya, ing saindenging [[Sumatra]], kidul [[Thailand]], pesisir kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Borneo]] pesisir kalebu [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] lan [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]] pesisir, [[Pilipina]] sisih kulon lan sisih kidul, lan pulo-pulo cilik sing ana ing antarané lokasi kasebut — sacara koléktif dikenal minangka "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi iki saiki dadi bagéan saka negara-negara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Malah, akéh komunitas [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]], lan [[Dayak]] sing pindhah menyang pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]] lan pesisir kulon [[Kalimantan]], ngaku wong Melayu. Saliyané ing Nusantara, wong Melayu uga ang ing [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)]] ''(Cocos Malays)'', lan [[Afrika Kidul]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Ana maneka warna basa, budaya, seni, lan sosial sing cukup akeh ing antarane akeh subkelompok Melayu, utamane amarga atusan taun imigrasi lan asimilasi macem-macem etnis lan suku regional ing Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamane keturunan saka suku [[kulawarga basa Austronésia|Austronésia]] lan [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]] sing nganggo [[basa Malayu]] sadurunge sing ngedegake sawetara negara lan kerajaan dagang maritim kuna, utamane [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Kerajaan Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Tekane Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15 micu revolusi gedhe ing sejarah Melayu, sing penting banget dumunung ing warisan politik lan budaya sing jembar. Tandha-tandha definitif umum saka kemelayuan — agama Islam, basa lan tradhisi Melayu — dianggep wis diproklamasikake ing jaman iki, sing ndadékaké etnogenesis wong Melayu minangka klompok etnoreligius utama ing wilayah kasebut. Ing sastra, arsitektur, tradhisi kuliner, sandhangan tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri, lan tradhisi kraton, Malaka netepake standar sing ditiru dening kesultanan Melayu sabanjure. Jaman keemasan kesultanan Melayu ing Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, lan Pesisir Kalimantan nyumurupi akèh pedunungé, mliginé saka manéka warna komunitas suku kaya ta [[Wong Batak|Batak]], [[Dayak]], Wong Asli, lan [[Wong Laut]], sing tundhuk marang Islamisasi lan Invasi Melayu. Sajrone sejarah, istilah "Melayu" wis ditambahi menyang klompok etnis liyane ing "[[Donya Melayu]]"; panggunaan iki saiki umume diwatesi ing Malaysia lan Singapura, ing ngendi keturunan liyane saka klompok etnis iki diarani Anak Dagang ("pedagang") lan umume asale saka [[Indhonésia]] kayata [[wong Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]], [[Wong Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minangkêbo]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]]. == Etimologi == [[Barkas:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|[[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi]] ing [[Jambi]], sacara historis ana hubungane karo [[Kerajaan Melayu]] pra-Islam. Wong Melayu-Sriwijaya dikenal mbangun sistem bangunan sing rumit ing ibukutha, kutha-kutha gedhe, lan pusat kutha sing penting.]] [[Barkas:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Miturut ''[[Sejarah Melayu]]'', bukit iki nyathet munculé Sang Sapurba, leluhur legendaris kanggo macem-macem kulawarga kerajaan Melayu ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]], lan [[Kalimantan]].]] Literatur epik ''[[Sulalatus Salatin|Sajarah Melayu]]'' nggandhengake asal-usul etimologis "Melayu" karo kali cilik sing jenenge Sungai Melayu ('kali Melayu') ing [[Sumatra]], [[Indhonésia]]. Epik kasebut salah nyebutake yen kali kasebut mili menyang [[Kali Musi]] ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], dene sejatine mili menyang Kali Batang Hari ing [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah iki dianggep asale saka tembung Melayu ''melaju'', gabungan saka awalan verbal 'me' lan tembung oyot 'laju', sing tegese "nyepetake", digunakake kanggo njlentrehake arus kali sing deres lan cepet.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Minangka jeneng panggonan (toponim) === Sadurungé abad kaping 15, istilah "Melayu" lan varian sing mèmper katon ditrapaké minangka toponim lawas kanggo wilayah [[Selat Malaka]] sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", diterangake ing bab 48, Vayu Purana minangka salah sawijining provinsi ing segara wétan sing kebak emas lan perak. Sawetara sarjana nyamakake istilah iki karo [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} nanging sawetara sarjana India percaya yen istilah kasebut kudune nuduhake Semenanjung Melayu sing pagunungan, dene Sumatra luwih tepat digandhengake karo Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – lokasi ing Semenanjung Emas, saka karya [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemy]], Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – kasebut déning Yijing, sawijining biksu Buddha Tionghoa saka [[Wangsa Tang|Dinasti Tang]] sing ngunjungi Asia Tenggara ing taun 688–695. Miturut Yijing, karajan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' dumunung ing jarak 15 dina lelayaran saka Bogha (Palembang), ibukutha Sribhoga ([[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh layar 15 dina kanggo tekan Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) saka Mo-lo-yu; mula, bisa diarani yen Mo-Lo-Yu bakal dumunung ing tengah-tengah antarane rong panggonan kasebut.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Ana téori populer sing nggandhèngaké ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' karo [[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi|Jambi]] ing Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi kontradiksi karo katrangané Yi Jing babagan "layar setengah dalan antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Ing jaman [[Wangsa Yuan|Dinasti Yuan]] (1271–1368) lan [[Wangsa Ming|Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), tembung ''Ma-La-Yu'' kerep disebut ing teks-teks sejarah Tiongkok – kanthi owah-owahan ejaan amarga rentang wektu antarane dinasti – kanggo nyebutake sawijining bangsa ing cedhak segara kidul. Antarane istilah-istilah sing digunakake yaiku "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — dilacak saka sumber tinulis saka bhikkhu [[Xuanzang]]) lan Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – kasebut ing prasasti Tanjore. Iki digambarake minangka kerajaan sing nduweni "gunung sing kuwat minangka benteng" sing tiba menyang penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I ing abad kaping 11. Bisa uga ana ing Sumatra, antarane Pannai lan Sriwijaya ([[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} bisa uga ana ing situs arkeologi [[Kabupatèn Muaro Jambi|Muaro Jambi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – sing kasebut déning ahli géografi Arab abad kaping 12 [[Al-Idrisi|Muhammad al-Idrisi]] ing Tabula Rogeriana, pulo iki njlèntrèhaké semenanjung Malaya minangka pulo sing dawa lan nyebut Malai, wewatesan karo Qmer (Khmer) lan dunungé 12 dina layar saka Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (secara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi saka [[Prasasti Padang Roco]] taun 1286 M dening Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah iki ana gandheng cenenge karo kerajaan Dharmasraya. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – kasebut ing babad [[Wangsa Yuan]], nuduhake sawijining bangsa ing Semenanjung Melayu sing ngadhepi ekspansi Kerajaan Sukhothai menyang kidul, nalika jaman pamrentahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik kasebut nyatakake: "''..Ana rasa sengit antarane Siam lan Ma-li-yu-er nganti loro-lorone padha mateni siji lan sijine ...''". Kanggo nanggepi tumindake Sukhothai, utusan Tiongkok menyang kraton Ram Khamhaeng ing taun 1295 nggawa dekrit kekaisaran: "Tetepna janjimu lan aja nindakake piala marang Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – kasebut ing cathetan [[Marco Polo]] minangka kerajaan sing dumunung ing Semenanjung Melayu,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} bisa uga padha karo sing kasebut ing kronik Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kutha Malaya" utawa "bètèng Malaya"), sing ditulis ing [[prasasti Amoghapasa]] sing ditulis taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah iki digunakake dening [[Adityawarman]] kanggo nyebut Dharmasraya. Saran liyané kalebu tembung [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (minangka kriya: mlayu, partisip: buronan), utawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (nyepetake kanthi ajeg), sing nuduhake mobilitas dhuwur lan sifat migrasi wong-wongé. De Barros (1552) nyebutake yen [[Paraméswara|Iskandar Shah]] menehi jeneng ''Malaios'' (wong Melayu) kaya ngono amarga bapakne diusir saka negarane. Albuquerque nerangake yen [[Paraméswara|Parameswara]] mlayu (''malayo'') saka kerajaan Palembang menyang Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Minangka jeneng ètnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Wong Melayu ing Malaka | caption1 = Cat banyu Portugis wong Malaya ing Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, ditampilake ing Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Melayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Melayu, saka ''Reise nach Batavia'', antarane taun 1669 lan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget saka Kesultanan Malaka; akeh aspek budaya Melayu sing asale saka kraton Malaka }} Tembung "Melayu" minangka etnonim, kanggo ngrujuk marang kluster etnologis sing béda banget, dianggep wis dadi populer sajrone integrasi Kesultanan Malaka minangka kakuwatan regional ing abad kaping 15. Iki digunakake kanggo nglaporake babagan keberpihakan sosial wong Malaka tinimbang wong manca ing wilayah sing padha, utamane [[wong Jawa]] lan [[Thai]].{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Iki dibuktèkaké saka dhaptar tembung Melayu awal abad kaping 16 déning Antonio Pigafetta sing gabung karo pelayaran Magellan, sing ngrujuk babagan kepriyé frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Melayu') digunakaké ing maritim [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], kanggo nyebut ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] kanggo "ngomong babagan Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Sastra Melayu klasik nggambarake wong Melayu kanthi makna sing luwih sempit tinimbang interpretasi modern. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (kira-kira taun 1700, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1849) mung nyebutake wong Melayu minangka subjek Kesultanan Malaka; [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], nalika semana, ora dianggep minangka wong Melayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (manuskrip: 1876) contoné, ora nyebut Patani lan Brunéi minangka [[basa Malayu]], istilah kuwi mung digunakaké kanggo [[Johor]]. Kedah boten kalebet basa Melayu ing babad Kedah/Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (kira-kira 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (kira-kira taun 1625, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1675) nggandhengake etnis Melayu karo Johor, nanging mesthi ora karo Aceh utawa Deli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-9166-4 |pages=91–92 |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026|archive-date=31 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160702/https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For the dating of the manuscripts, see [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html|date=9 Agustus 2022}}.</ref> == Asal-usul == [[Barkas:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|Sekelompok wong lanang saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] nganggo sandhangan jinis ''Cekak Musang'', dienggo bareng karo [[songkèt]] (kiwa paling adoh) lan ''[[sarung|kain sarung]]''.]] === Modhél Proto-Melayu === Uga dikenal minangka ''Melayu asli'' (wong Melayu asli) utawa ''Melayu purba'' (wong Melayu kuna), wong Proto-Melayu asale saka Austronésia lan dipercaya wis migrasi menyang Kapuloan Melayu sajrone serangkaian migrasi dawa antarane 2500 lan 1500 SM.{{sfn|Ryan|1976|pp=4–5}} Proto-Melayu sing misuwur saiki yaiku Moken, Jakun, Orang Kuala, Temuan lan Orang Kanaq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orang Asli Population Statistics |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |url= http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233738/http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-date=22 Juli 2011}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History'' ({{lang|id|Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Sejarah Awal}}), wis nudingake total telung teori babagan asal-usul wong Melayu: * Teori Yunnan (diterbitake ing taun 1889) – Teori Proto-Melayu sing asale saka Yunnan kira-kira 4.000 nganti 6.000 taun kepungkur. Téori iki didhukung déning R.H Geldern lan timé sing nduwé téori yèn migrasi wong-wong mau kedadeyan saka Kali Mekong menyang [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Bukti liyané sing ndhukung téori iki kalebu piranti watu sing ditemokaké ing Kepulauan Melayu sing analog karo piranti Asia Tengah, sing nuduhaké kamiripan adat istiadat Melayu lan Assam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Parthipan |first1=Shalini |last2=Mirianti Ishar |first2=Seri |date=2022 |title=Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |journal=Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=86 |via=Journalarticle.ukm.my |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016080144/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * Teori New Guinea/Pelaut (diterbitake ing taun 1965) – Migrasi pelaut kanthi katrampilan oseanografi sing kuwat sing lelungan saka pulo siji menyang pulo liyane antarane [[Niu Sélan]] lan [[Madhagaskar]]. Teori kasebut ngaku yen morfologi wong Melayu nalika semana padha karo Negroid.<ref name=":0" /> * Teori [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] (diterbitake ing taun 1997) – Migrasi sekelompok wong saka Tiongkok Kidul kedadeyan 6.000 taun kepungkur, sawetara pindhah menyang [[Taiwan]] ([[wong pribumi Taiwan|pribumi Taiwan]] saiki minangka keturunane), banjur menyang [[Filipina]] lan mengko menyang [[Kalimantan]] (kurang luwih 4.500 taun kepungkur) ([[Dayak]] saiki lan kelompok liyane). Wong-wong kuna iki uga pisah, ana sing menyang [[Sulawesi]] lan ana sing menyang [[Jawa]], lan [[Sumatra]], sing saiki kabeh nganggo basa-basa sing kalebu kulawarga Basa Austronesia. Migrasi pungkasan kedadeyan ing Semenanjung Malaya kira-kira 3.000 taun kepungkur. Sawijining sub-kelompok saka Kalimantan pindhah menyang Champa ing jaman saiki sing diarani Vietnam Tengah lan Kidul kira-kira 4.500 taun kepungkur. Ana uga jejak migrasi Dong Son lan Hoabinhian saka [[Viètnam]] lan [[Kamboja]]. Kabeh klompok iki nduweni DNA lan asal-usul linguistik sing bisa ditelusuri saka pulo sing saiki diarani Taiwan, lan leluhure wong-wong kuna iki bisa ditelusuri saka Tiongkok kidul.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} ==== Deutero-Melayu ==== [[Barkas:Women from Palembang in Ikat weave, Wanita di Indonesia p29 (Ministry of Information).jpg|thumb|Wanita saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]] nganggo busana tradhisional, sing diarani Baju Kurung sing digawe saka [[Songkèt]]. Klambi iki umume digandhengake karo wanita keturunan Melayu.]] Wong Deutero-Melayu iku wong [[jaman wesi|Jaman Wesi]] sing sebagian turunan saka wong Austronésia sabanjure sing dilengkapi teknik pertanian sing luwih maju lan kawruh anyar babagan logam.{{sfn|Murdock|1969|p=278}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA495 495]}}{{sfn|Anderbeck|2002}} Para pemukim Deutero-Melayu ora nomaden kaya para leluhure: nanging dheweke manggon lan ngadegake kampung-kampung sing dadi unit utama ing masyarakat. Kampung-kampung iki biasane dumunung ing pinggir kali utawa pesisir lan umume bisa nyukupi pangan lan kabutuhan liyane. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 1 SM, kampung-kampung iki wiwit nindakake perdagangan karo jagad njaba.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=39}} Wong Deutero-Melayu dianggep minangka leluhur langsung saka wong Melayu saiki.{{sfn|TED|1999}} ==== Ekspansi saka modhél Sundaland ==== Téori sing luwih anyar nyatakaké yèn tinimbang dipanggoni déning ekspansi saka daratan, populasi Jaman És ing Semenanjung Malaya, Kapuloan Indhonésia sing cedhak, lan landas kontinèntal sing nalika iku katon (Sundaland) malah berkembang sacara lokal saka pemukim manungsa pisanan lan ngembang menyang daratan. Para pendukung téori iki percaya yèn ekspansi iki mènèhi panjelasan sing luwih irit babagan bukti linguistik, arkeologi, lan antropologis tinimbang modhèl sadurungé, mliginé model Taiwan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2006}} Téori iki uga nduwèni dhukungan saka bukti genetik anyar saka Human Genome Organisation sing nuduhaké yèn pedunung utama Asia kedadeyan ing siji migrasi liwat [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]; rute iki dianggep minangka wilayah Melayu modern lan keragaman ing wilayah kasebut berkembang utamane ing panggonan kasebut tanpa mbutuhake migrasi utama saka daratan. Ekspansi kasebut dhewe bisa uga disebabake dening kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es.{{sfn|Abdulla et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Soares, et al.|2008}} Stephen Oppenheimer, pendukung paham iki, luwih lanjut ngajokake teori yen ekspansi bangsa kedadeyan kanthi telung gelombang cepet amarga kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es, lan diaspora iki nyebarake bangsa-bangsa kasebut lan budaya, mitos, lan teknologi sing ana gandhengane ora mung menyang daratan Asia Tenggara, nanging uga nganti India, Timur Tengah, lan Mediterania. Para pengulas nemokake usulan-usulane kanggo pemukiman lan panyebaran asli pantes ditliti luwih lanjut, nanging isih skeptis karo klaim difusionis dheweke.{{sfn|Razak|2012}}{{sfn|Terrell|1999}}{{sfn|Baer|1999}} === Bukti genetik === Wong Melayu iku sawijining klompok ètnis sing manggon ing Asia Kidul-wétan lan Semenanjung Malaya sing nganggo basa Austronésia. Miturut panliten ing taun 2015, wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, [[Singapura]], [[Indhonésia]], lan [[Sri Lanka]] nduweni 4 komponen leluhur utama, kalebu Austronésia (17%–62%), Proto-Melayu (15%–31%), Asia Timur (4%–16%) lan Asia Selatan (3%–34%). Nanging komponen pribumi Austronésia lan Asia Tenggara luwih penting kanggo wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura lan Indhonésia tinimbang Asia Wétan lan Asia Kidul. Kosok baline, wong Melayu saka Sri Lanka nduweni udakara 34% keturunan Asia Kidul ing susunan genetik, sing ndadekake dheweke relatif béda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lian |last2=Hoh |first2=Boon-Peng |last3=Lu |first3=Dongsheng |last4=Saw |first4=Woei-Yuh |display-authors=3 |date=2015 |title=Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep14375 |pmid=26395220 |pmc=4585825 |bibcode=2015NatSR...514375D }}</ref> Panliten ing taun 2021 nyimpulake yen garis keturunan Basal-Asia Timur sing khas (kadhangkala diarani '''East- and Southeast Asian lineage''<nowiki/>' (ESEA)), sing minangka leluhure wong Asia Timur lan Tenggara modern, wong Polinesia, lan wong Siberia, asale saka Daratan Asia Tenggara ing ~50.000 SM, lan berkembang liwat pirang-pirang gelombang migrasi menyang kidul lan lor. Leluhur basal-Asia Wétan, uga leluhur sing ana gandhèngané karo [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]], nyebar menyang Asia Kidul-wétan Maritim sadurungé ekspansi Austronésia. Wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronésia dhewe dikira wis tekan ing [[Taiwan]] lan [[Filipina]] sisih lor antarane 10.000 lan 7.000 SM saka pesisir kidul Tiongkok, lan nyebar saka kana menyang saindenging Asia Tenggara. Para penulis nyimpulake yen ekspansi Austronésia menyang Insular Asia Tenggara lan [[Polinésia]] metu saka Filipina tinimbang Taiwan, lan wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronesia modern, kayata wong Melayu, umume duwe leluhur saka Basal-Asia Timur paling awal, migran Austroasia saka Asia Tenggara Daratan, lan pelaut sing nganggo basa Austronésia saka Filipina, tanpa akeh campuran saka klompok sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=30 Maret 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=118 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512|bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Melinda A. |date=6 Januari 2022 |title=A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia |url=http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |journal=Human Population Genetics and Genomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.47248/hpgg2202010001 |issn=2770-5005 |doi-access=free |access-date=25 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Mèi 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516110501/http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Budaya== === Agama === [[Barkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] ing wayah wengi [[Ramadhan]]. Karajan sugih iki nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Melayu'') minangka filosofi nasional wiwit kamardikane ing taun 1984.]] Komunitas Melayu wiwitan umumé [[animisme|animis]], percaya marang anané ''semangat'' (roh) ing saben bab.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira nalika wiwitan jaman umum, agama [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] dikenalake dening para pedagang Asia Kidul menyang Kepulauan Melayu, ing ngendi agama kasebut berkembang nganti abad kaping 13, sadurunge tekane Islam sing digawa dening para pedagang Muslim Arab, Asia Kidul, lan Tiongkok. Ing abad kaping 15, Islam saka sekte [[Sunni]] ortodoks ngrembaka ing jagad Melayu ing jaman Kesultanan Malaka. Beda karo agama [[Hindhu|Hindu]], sing mung ngowahi masyarakat Melayu awal kanthi dangkal, [[Islam]] bisa diarani wis terintegrasi kanthi lengkap menyang urip saben dinane penduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Wiwit jaman iki, wong Melayu dianggep minangka kelompok etnoreligius lan sacara tradhisional nduweni identifikasi sing cedhak karo Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} lan wiwit kuwi dheweke ora ngganti agama.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas iki kuwat banget nganti diarani dadi Muslim yaiku ''masuk Melayu'' (mlebu keMelayuan).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan mangkono, kapercayan-kapercayan sadurungé sing duwé oyot sing luwih jero, tetep nglawan kutukan Islam - lan pancen mistisisme [[Sufisme]] wis gegandhèngan ing antarane wong Melayu, karo roh-roh saka jagad animisme sadurungé lan sawetara unsur Hindhu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Sawisé taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (uga diarani re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) ing saindenging jagad Muslim, akèh tradhisi sing dianggep nglanggar ajaran Islam lan ngandhut unsur syirik ditinggalaké déning wong Melayu ing Malaysia, déné ing antarane wong Melayu ing Indhonésia, tradhisi kasebut ora dianggep takhayul lan ngandhut unsur syirik. Ing antarane tradhisi kasebut yaiku festival ''mandi'' safar (adus [[Safar]]), festival [[adus]] kanggo nggayuh kasucian spiritual, sing bisa dideleng fitur-fitur sing padha karo sawetara ing Durga Puja ing India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Akèh-akèhé saka ètnis Melayu modern sing penganut Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> lan riyaya Melayu sing paling penting yaiku sing asalé saka Islam - ''[[Idul Fitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Idul Adha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharram|Awal Muharram]]'', lan ''[[Mulud (pahargyan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Wong Melayu sing metu saka Islam ing Malaysia lan Brunéi dianggep murtad. Nanging, ana sawetara etnis Melayu sing manggon ing njaba negara-negara kasebut uga wis nganut agama liya kanthi sah miturut hukum. ===Basa=== [[Barkas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]]. Wis ana wiwit taun 683, iki minangka salah sawijining artefak tulisan Melayu paling tuwa sing isih ana.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Aksara Gundhil}} [[Basa Malayu]] iku salah siji basa sing paling misuwur ing donya, mligine saka kulawarga basa Austronésia. Varian lan dialek [[basa Melayu]] digunakake minangka basa resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], lan [[Singapura]]. Basa iki uga dicaturaké ing [[Thai]]land kidul, [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)|Kapuloan Cocos]], [[Pulo Natal]], lan [[Sri Lanka]]. Basa iki dicaturaké déning kurang luwih 33 yuta wong ing sakubengé Kapuloan Melayu lan digunakaké minangka basa kapindho déning kurang luwih 220 yuta wong.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Wangun basa Malayu paling tuwa asale saka basa Proto-Malayu-Polinésia sing dituturake dening para pemukim Austronésia paling awal ing [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Wangun iki banjur berkembang dadi basa Malayu Kuna nalika budaya lan agama India wiwit nembus wilayah kasebut. Basa Melayu Kuna ngandhut sawetara istilah sing isih ana nganti saiki, nanging tetep ora bisa dimangerteni dening penutur modern, dene basa modern wis umume bisa dikenali ing basa Melayu Klasik tulisan, sing bentuk paling tuwa wiwit taun 1303 Masehi.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Melayu berkembang dadi basa Malayu Klasik liwat mlebune akeh kosakata [[basa Arab|Arab]] lan [[basa Pèrsi|Pèrsi]] kanthi bertahap nalika Islam mlebu ing wilayah kasebut, lan sajrone proses kasebut ana owah-owahan sing signifikan. Wiwitane, basa Melayu Klasik minangka klompok dialek sing maneka warna, sing nggambarake asal-usul kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu ing Asia Kidul-wétan. Salah sawijining dialek iki, sing dikembangake ing tradhisi sastra Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, pungkasane dadi dominan. Jaman Malaka ditandhani karo owah-owahan basa Melayu dadi basa Islam, kaya dene basa Arab, Persia, Urdu, lan Swahili. [[Aksara Arab]] sing diadaptasi sing diarani [[aksara Jawi|Jawi]] digunakake kanggo ngganti [[aksara Kawi]], terminologi agama lan budaya Islam diasimilasi kanthi akeh, mbuwang akeh tembung Hindu-Buddha, lan basa Malayu dadi basa pengantar lan panyebaran Islam ing saindenging wilayah [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Ing puncak kekuasaan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, basa Malayu Klasik nyebar ngluwihi jagad penutur basa Melayu tradhisional<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> lan ngasilake ''[[basantara|lingua franca]]'' sing diarani ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Bazaar Melayu") utawa ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Melayu Endhek"), beda karo ''Bahasa Melayu Tinggi'' ("Melayu Luhur") ing Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Lumrahé, basa Melayu Bazaar iku basa pidgin lan perkembangan sing paling penting yaiku basa pidgin dikreolisasi, sing nggawé sawetara basa anyar kaya ta [[basa Malayu Ambon]], [[basa Malayu Manado|Malayu Manado]], lan [[basa Batawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} European writers of the 17th and 18th centuries, such as [[Jean-Baptiste Tavernier|Tavernier]], [[Louis Thomassin|Thomassin]] and [[Anthony Abraham Werndly|Werndly]] describe Malay as "''language of the learned in all the Indies, like [[Latin language|Latin]] in Europe''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} It is also the most widely used during British and Dutch colonial era in the Malay Archipelago.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} The reversed was seen in the [[Spanish East Indies]], where mass [[Romanization (cultural)|latinisation]] of the archipelago during the colonial years resulted the historical [[coup de grâce]] of the Malay language in the Philippines. The dialect of [[Johor Sultanate]], the direct successor of Malacca, became the standard speech among Malays in [[Singapore]] and [[Malaysia]], and it formed the original basis for the standardised [[Indonesian language]].<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Apart from the standard Malay, developed within the Malacca-Johor sphere, various local [[Malayan languages|Malay dialects]] exist. For example, the [[Bangka language|Bangkanese]], the [[Brunei Malay|Bruneian]], the [[Jambi Malay|Jambian]], the [[Kelantanese]], the [[Kedah Malay|Kedahan]], the [[Negeri Sembilan Malay language|Negeri Sembilanese]], the [[Musi language|Palembangnese]], the [[Pattani Malay|Pattanese]], the [[Sarawak Malay|Sarawakian]], the [[Terengganu Malay|Terengganuan]], and many others. The Malay language was historically written in [[Pallava script|Pallawa]], [[Kawi script|Kawi]] and [[Rencong script|Rencong]]. After the arrival of Islam, [[Arabic script|Arabic]]-based [[Jawi script]] was adopted and is still in use today as one of the two official scripts in Brunei and as an alternative script in [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Oktober 2012 }}</ref> Beginning from the 17th century, as a result of British and Dutch colonisation, Jawi was gradually replaced by the Latin-based [[Rumi script]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> which eventually became the official modern script for Malay language in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia, and co-official script in Brunei. ==Sub-ètnis== {{Uga deleng|Wong Melayu Malaysia|Wong Melayu Indhonésia}} ==Deleng uga== * [[Donya Melayu]] * [[Omah Melayu]] ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melayu}} [[Kategori:Melayu|*]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia]] {{Featured article}} {{Authority control}} 1jp3tlkccek5cnbp10su3z2fp5zk00z 1751068 1751066 2026-07-02T06:41:12Z ~2026-37770-06 73448 /* Basa */ 1751068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <br/>Wong Melayu<br/>''Orang Melayu''<br/>أورڠ ملايو | image = [[Gambar:Siti Nurhaliza - KLIFF 08.jpg|57px|Siti Nurhaliza]] [[Gambar:Mahathir 2007.jpg|57px|Mahathir Mohammad]] [[Gambar:Muszaphar shukor.jpg|57px|Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/>[[Gambar:Amir Hamzah portrait edit.jpg|51px|Amir Hamzah]] [[Gambar:Raja Ali Haji.jpg|57px|Raja Ali Haji]] [[Gambar:Hamzah Haz.jpg|57px|Hamzah Haz]]<br/>[[Gambar:Siti Nordiana interviewed by MeleTOP.jpg|70px|Siti Nordiana]] | caption = Sakarepe: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] • [[Mahathir Mohammad]] • [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/> Kaloro: [[Amir Hamzah]] • [[Raja Ali Haji]] • [[Hamzah Haz]]<br/> Katelu: [[Siti Nordiana]] | poptime = {{circa}} '''40.000.000 jiwane''' <!-- sum of numbers from each region below --> | region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung mayoritas'''</span> | region6 = '''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]''' | pop6 = 20.749.378 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunéi Darussalam]]''' | pop7 = 501.902 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref7 = {{lower|<ref name="CIA (B)>"{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region8 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung minoritas'''</span> | pop8 = | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]''' | pop9 = 8.789.585 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} | region10 = '''{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]''' | pop10 = 5.354.475 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples|2005}}</ref>}} | region11 = '''{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]''' | pop11 = 1.003.449 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref11 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} | region12 = '''{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipina]]''' | pop12 = 2.000.000 | ref12 = | languages = [[Basa Malayu]], [[Basa Indhonésia]], [[Basa Thai]], [[Basa Arab]], [[Basa Inggris]], lan [[Basa Tamil]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = [[Wong Acèh|Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minang]], [[Wong Kerinci|Kerinci]], [[Wong Tidung|Tidung]], [[Wong Laut|Laut]], [[Wong Betawi|Betawi]] }} [[Gambar:Malay couple.jpg|thumb|300px|Pasangan Melayu nganggo sandhangan tradhisional sawisé upacara ''akad nikah''. Penganten kakung nganggo ''baju melayu'' nganggo ''songkok'' lan ''[[songkèt]]'', dene penganten putri nganggo ''baju kurung'' nganggo ''tudong''.]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34.jpg|thumb|300px|Wadon Melayu ing Kutai diidentifikasi kanthi bentuk bun sing khas (litografi dening C. F. Kelley adhedhasar gambar dening Carl Book, [[1887]])]] '''Wong Melayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Aksara Jawi|Jawi]]: ملايو) minangka klompok suku bangsa [[Austronésia]] utamané ing Semenanjung Malaya, ing saindenging [[Sumatra]], kidul [[Thailand]], pesisir kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Borneo]] pesisir kalebu [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] lan [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]] pesisir, [[Pilipina]] sisih kulon lan sisih kidul, lan pulo-pulo cilik sing ana ing antarané lokasi kasebut — sacara koléktif dikenal minangka "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi iki saiki dadi bagéan saka negara-negara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Malah, akéh komunitas [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]], lan [[Dayak]] sing pindhah menyang pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]] lan pesisir kulon [[Kalimantan]], ngaku wong Melayu. Saliyané ing Nusantara, wong Melayu uga ang ing [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)]] ''(Cocos Malays)'', lan [[Afrika Kidul]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Ana maneka warna basa, budaya, seni, lan sosial sing cukup akeh ing antarane akeh subkelompok Melayu, utamane amarga atusan taun imigrasi lan asimilasi macem-macem etnis lan suku regional ing Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamane keturunan saka suku [[kulawarga basa Austronésia|Austronésia]] lan [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]] sing nganggo [[basa Malayu]] sadurunge sing ngedegake sawetara negara lan kerajaan dagang maritim kuna, utamane [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Kerajaan Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Tekane Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15 micu revolusi gedhe ing sejarah Melayu, sing penting banget dumunung ing warisan politik lan budaya sing jembar. Tandha-tandha definitif umum saka kemelayuan — agama Islam, basa lan tradhisi Melayu — dianggep wis diproklamasikake ing jaman iki, sing ndadékaké etnogenesis wong Melayu minangka klompok etnoreligius utama ing wilayah kasebut. Ing sastra, arsitektur, tradhisi kuliner, sandhangan tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri, lan tradhisi kraton, Malaka netepake standar sing ditiru dening kesultanan Melayu sabanjure. Jaman keemasan kesultanan Melayu ing Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, lan Pesisir Kalimantan nyumurupi akèh pedunungé, mliginé saka manéka warna komunitas suku kaya ta [[Wong Batak|Batak]], [[Dayak]], Wong Asli, lan [[Wong Laut]], sing tundhuk marang Islamisasi lan Invasi Melayu. Sajrone sejarah, istilah "Melayu" wis ditambahi menyang klompok etnis liyane ing "[[Donya Melayu]]"; panggunaan iki saiki umume diwatesi ing Malaysia lan Singapura, ing ngendi keturunan liyane saka klompok etnis iki diarani Anak Dagang ("pedagang") lan umume asale saka [[Indhonésia]] kayata [[wong Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]], [[Wong Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minangkêbo]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]]. == Etimologi == [[Barkas:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|[[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi]] ing [[Jambi]], sacara historis ana hubungane karo [[Kerajaan Melayu]] pra-Islam. Wong Melayu-Sriwijaya dikenal mbangun sistem bangunan sing rumit ing ibukutha, kutha-kutha gedhe, lan pusat kutha sing penting.]] [[Barkas:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Miturut ''[[Sejarah Melayu]]'', bukit iki nyathet munculé Sang Sapurba, leluhur legendaris kanggo macem-macem kulawarga kerajaan Melayu ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]], lan [[Kalimantan]].]] Literatur epik ''[[Sulalatus Salatin|Sajarah Melayu]]'' nggandhengake asal-usul etimologis "Melayu" karo kali cilik sing jenenge Sungai Melayu ('kali Melayu') ing [[Sumatra]], [[Indhonésia]]. Epik kasebut salah nyebutake yen kali kasebut mili menyang [[Kali Musi]] ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], dene sejatine mili menyang Kali Batang Hari ing [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah iki dianggep asale saka tembung Melayu ''melaju'', gabungan saka awalan verbal 'me' lan tembung oyot 'laju', sing tegese "nyepetake", digunakake kanggo njlentrehake arus kali sing deres lan cepet.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Minangka jeneng panggonan (toponim) === Sadurungé abad kaping 15, istilah "Melayu" lan varian sing mèmper katon ditrapaké minangka toponim lawas kanggo wilayah [[Selat Malaka]] sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", diterangake ing bab 48, Vayu Purana minangka salah sawijining provinsi ing segara wétan sing kebak emas lan perak. Sawetara sarjana nyamakake istilah iki karo [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} nanging sawetara sarjana India percaya yen istilah kasebut kudune nuduhake Semenanjung Melayu sing pagunungan, dene Sumatra luwih tepat digandhengake karo Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – lokasi ing Semenanjung Emas, saka karya [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemy]], Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – kasebut déning Yijing, sawijining biksu Buddha Tionghoa saka [[Wangsa Tang|Dinasti Tang]] sing ngunjungi Asia Tenggara ing taun 688–695. Miturut Yijing, karajan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' dumunung ing jarak 15 dina lelayaran saka Bogha (Palembang), ibukutha Sribhoga ([[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh layar 15 dina kanggo tekan Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) saka Mo-lo-yu; mula, bisa diarani yen Mo-Lo-Yu bakal dumunung ing tengah-tengah antarane rong panggonan kasebut.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Ana téori populer sing nggandhèngaké ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' karo [[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi|Jambi]] ing Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi kontradiksi karo katrangané Yi Jing babagan "layar setengah dalan antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Ing jaman [[Wangsa Yuan|Dinasti Yuan]] (1271–1368) lan [[Wangsa Ming|Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), tembung ''Ma-La-Yu'' kerep disebut ing teks-teks sejarah Tiongkok – kanthi owah-owahan ejaan amarga rentang wektu antarane dinasti – kanggo nyebutake sawijining bangsa ing cedhak segara kidul. Antarane istilah-istilah sing digunakake yaiku "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — dilacak saka sumber tinulis saka bhikkhu [[Xuanzang]]) lan Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – kasebut ing prasasti Tanjore. Iki digambarake minangka kerajaan sing nduweni "gunung sing kuwat minangka benteng" sing tiba menyang penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I ing abad kaping 11. Bisa uga ana ing Sumatra, antarane Pannai lan Sriwijaya ([[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} bisa uga ana ing situs arkeologi [[Kabupatèn Muaro Jambi|Muaro Jambi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – sing kasebut déning ahli géografi Arab abad kaping 12 [[Al-Idrisi|Muhammad al-Idrisi]] ing Tabula Rogeriana, pulo iki njlèntrèhaké semenanjung Malaya minangka pulo sing dawa lan nyebut Malai, wewatesan karo Qmer (Khmer) lan dunungé 12 dina layar saka Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (secara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi saka [[Prasasti Padang Roco]] taun 1286 M dening Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah iki ana gandheng cenenge karo kerajaan Dharmasraya. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – kasebut ing babad [[Wangsa Yuan]], nuduhake sawijining bangsa ing Semenanjung Melayu sing ngadhepi ekspansi Kerajaan Sukhothai menyang kidul, nalika jaman pamrentahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik kasebut nyatakake: "''..Ana rasa sengit antarane Siam lan Ma-li-yu-er nganti loro-lorone padha mateni siji lan sijine ...''". Kanggo nanggepi tumindake Sukhothai, utusan Tiongkok menyang kraton Ram Khamhaeng ing taun 1295 nggawa dekrit kekaisaran: "Tetepna janjimu lan aja nindakake piala marang Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – kasebut ing cathetan [[Marco Polo]] minangka kerajaan sing dumunung ing Semenanjung Melayu,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} bisa uga padha karo sing kasebut ing kronik Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kutha Malaya" utawa "bètèng Malaya"), sing ditulis ing [[prasasti Amoghapasa]] sing ditulis taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah iki digunakake dening [[Adityawarman]] kanggo nyebut Dharmasraya. Saran liyané kalebu tembung [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (minangka kriya: mlayu, partisip: buronan), utawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (nyepetake kanthi ajeg), sing nuduhake mobilitas dhuwur lan sifat migrasi wong-wongé. De Barros (1552) nyebutake yen [[Paraméswara|Iskandar Shah]] menehi jeneng ''Malaios'' (wong Melayu) kaya ngono amarga bapakne diusir saka negarane. Albuquerque nerangake yen [[Paraméswara|Parameswara]] mlayu (''malayo'') saka kerajaan Palembang menyang Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Minangka jeneng ètnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Wong Melayu ing Malaka | caption1 = Cat banyu Portugis wong Malaya ing Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, ditampilake ing Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Melayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Melayu, saka ''Reise nach Batavia'', antarane taun 1669 lan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget saka Kesultanan Malaka; akeh aspek budaya Melayu sing asale saka kraton Malaka }} Tembung "Melayu" minangka etnonim, kanggo ngrujuk marang kluster etnologis sing béda banget, dianggep wis dadi populer sajrone integrasi Kesultanan Malaka minangka kakuwatan regional ing abad kaping 15. Iki digunakake kanggo nglaporake babagan keberpihakan sosial wong Malaka tinimbang wong manca ing wilayah sing padha, utamane [[wong Jawa]] lan [[Thai]].{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Iki dibuktèkaké saka dhaptar tembung Melayu awal abad kaping 16 déning Antonio Pigafetta sing gabung karo pelayaran Magellan, sing ngrujuk babagan kepriyé frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Melayu') digunakaké ing maritim [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], kanggo nyebut ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] kanggo "ngomong babagan Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Sastra Melayu klasik nggambarake wong Melayu kanthi makna sing luwih sempit tinimbang interpretasi modern. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (kira-kira taun 1700, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1849) mung nyebutake wong Melayu minangka subjek Kesultanan Malaka; [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], nalika semana, ora dianggep minangka wong Melayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (manuskrip: 1876) contoné, ora nyebut Patani lan Brunéi minangka [[basa Malayu]], istilah kuwi mung digunakaké kanggo [[Johor]]. Kedah boten kalebet basa Melayu ing babad Kedah/Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (kira-kira 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (kira-kira taun 1625, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1675) nggandhengake etnis Melayu karo Johor, nanging mesthi ora karo Aceh utawa Deli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-9166-4 |pages=91–92 |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026|archive-date=31 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160702/https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For the dating of the manuscripts, see [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html|date=9 Agustus 2022}}.</ref> == Asal-usul == [[Barkas:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|Sekelompok wong lanang saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] nganggo sandhangan jinis ''Cekak Musang'', dienggo bareng karo [[songkèt]] (kiwa paling adoh) lan ''[[sarung|kain sarung]]''.]] === Modhél Proto-Melayu === Uga dikenal minangka ''Melayu asli'' (wong Melayu asli) utawa ''Melayu purba'' (wong Melayu kuna), wong Proto-Melayu asale saka Austronésia lan dipercaya wis migrasi menyang Kapuloan Melayu sajrone serangkaian migrasi dawa antarane 2500 lan 1500 SM.{{sfn|Ryan|1976|pp=4–5}} Proto-Melayu sing misuwur saiki yaiku Moken, Jakun, Orang Kuala, Temuan lan Orang Kanaq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orang Asli Population Statistics |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |url= http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233738/http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-date=22 Juli 2011}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History'' ({{lang|id|Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Sejarah Awal}}), wis nudingake total telung teori babagan asal-usul wong Melayu: * Teori Yunnan (diterbitake ing taun 1889) – Teori Proto-Melayu sing asale saka Yunnan kira-kira 4.000 nganti 6.000 taun kepungkur. Téori iki didhukung déning R.H Geldern lan timé sing nduwé téori yèn migrasi wong-wong mau kedadeyan saka Kali Mekong menyang [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Bukti liyané sing ndhukung téori iki kalebu piranti watu sing ditemokaké ing Kepulauan Melayu sing analog karo piranti Asia Tengah, sing nuduhaké kamiripan adat istiadat Melayu lan Assam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Parthipan |first1=Shalini |last2=Mirianti Ishar |first2=Seri |date=2022 |title=Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |journal=Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=86 |via=Journalarticle.ukm.my |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016080144/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * Teori New Guinea/Pelaut (diterbitake ing taun 1965) – Migrasi pelaut kanthi katrampilan oseanografi sing kuwat sing lelungan saka pulo siji menyang pulo liyane antarane [[Niu Sélan]] lan [[Madhagaskar]]. Teori kasebut ngaku yen morfologi wong Melayu nalika semana padha karo Negroid.<ref name=":0" /> * Teori [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] (diterbitake ing taun 1997) – Migrasi sekelompok wong saka Tiongkok Kidul kedadeyan 6.000 taun kepungkur, sawetara pindhah menyang [[Taiwan]] ([[wong pribumi Taiwan|pribumi Taiwan]] saiki minangka keturunane), banjur menyang [[Filipina]] lan mengko menyang [[Kalimantan]] (kurang luwih 4.500 taun kepungkur) ([[Dayak]] saiki lan kelompok liyane). Wong-wong kuna iki uga pisah, ana sing menyang [[Sulawesi]] lan ana sing menyang [[Jawa]], lan [[Sumatra]], sing saiki kabeh nganggo basa-basa sing kalebu kulawarga Basa Austronesia. Migrasi pungkasan kedadeyan ing Semenanjung Malaya kira-kira 3.000 taun kepungkur. Sawijining sub-kelompok saka Kalimantan pindhah menyang Champa ing jaman saiki sing diarani Vietnam Tengah lan Kidul kira-kira 4.500 taun kepungkur. Ana uga jejak migrasi Dong Son lan Hoabinhian saka [[Viètnam]] lan [[Kamboja]]. Kabeh klompok iki nduweni DNA lan asal-usul linguistik sing bisa ditelusuri saka pulo sing saiki diarani Taiwan, lan leluhure wong-wong kuna iki bisa ditelusuri saka Tiongkok kidul.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} ==== Deutero-Melayu ==== [[Barkas:Women from Palembang in Ikat weave, Wanita di Indonesia p29 (Ministry of Information).jpg|thumb|Wanita saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]] nganggo busana tradhisional, sing diarani Baju Kurung sing digawe saka [[Songkèt]]. Klambi iki umume digandhengake karo wanita keturunan Melayu.]] Wong Deutero-Melayu iku wong [[jaman wesi|Jaman Wesi]] sing sebagian turunan saka wong Austronésia sabanjure sing dilengkapi teknik pertanian sing luwih maju lan kawruh anyar babagan logam.{{sfn|Murdock|1969|p=278}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA495 495]}}{{sfn|Anderbeck|2002}} Para pemukim Deutero-Melayu ora nomaden kaya para leluhure: nanging dheweke manggon lan ngadegake kampung-kampung sing dadi unit utama ing masyarakat. Kampung-kampung iki biasane dumunung ing pinggir kali utawa pesisir lan umume bisa nyukupi pangan lan kabutuhan liyane. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 1 SM, kampung-kampung iki wiwit nindakake perdagangan karo jagad njaba.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=39}} Wong Deutero-Melayu dianggep minangka leluhur langsung saka wong Melayu saiki.{{sfn|TED|1999}} ==== Ekspansi saka modhél Sundaland ==== Téori sing luwih anyar nyatakaké yèn tinimbang dipanggoni déning ekspansi saka daratan, populasi Jaman És ing Semenanjung Malaya, Kapuloan Indhonésia sing cedhak, lan landas kontinèntal sing nalika iku katon (Sundaland) malah berkembang sacara lokal saka pemukim manungsa pisanan lan ngembang menyang daratan. Para pendukung téori iki percaya yèn ekspansi iki mènèhi panjelasan sing luwih irit babagan bukti linguistik, arkeologi, lan antropologis tinimbang modhèl sadurungé, mliginé model Taiwan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2006}} Téori iki uga nduwèni dhukungan saka bukti genetik anyar saka Human Genome Organisation sing nuduhaké yèn pedunung utama Asia kedadeyan ing siji migrasi liwat [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]; rute iki dianggep minangka wilayah Melayu modern lan keragaman ing wilayah kasebut berkembang utamane ing panggonan kasebut tanpa mbutuhake migrasi utama saka daratan. Ekspansi kasebut dhewe bisa uga disebabake dening kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es.{{sfn|Abdulla et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Soares, et al.|2008}} Stephen Oppenheimer, pendukung paham iki, luwih lanjut ngajokake teori yen ekspansi bangsa kedadeyan kanthi telung gelombang cepet amarga kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es, lan diaspora iki nyebarake bangsa-bangsa kasebut lan budaya, mitos, lan teknologi sing ana gandhengane ora mung menyang daratan Asia Tenggara, nanging uga nganti India, Timur Tengah, lan Mediterania. Para pengulas nemokake usulan-usulane kanggo pemukiman lan panyebaran asli pantes ditliti luwih lanjut, nanging isih skeptis karo klaim difusionis dheweke.{{sfn|Razak|2012}}{{sfn|Terrell|1999}}{{sfn|Baer|1999}} === Bukti genetik === Wong Melayu iku sawijining klompok ètnis sing manggon ing Asia Kidul-wétan lan Semenanjung Malaya sing nganggo basa Austronésia. Miturut panliten ing taun 2015, wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, [[Singapura]], [[Indhonésia]], lan [[Sri Lanka]] nduweni 4 komponen leluhur utama, kalebu Austronésia (17%–62%), Proto-Melayu (15%–31%), Asia Timur (4%–16%) lan Asia Selatan (3%–34%). Nanging komponen pribumi Austronésia lan Asia Tenggara luwih penting kanggo wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura lan Indhonésia tinimbang Asia Wétan lan Asia Kidul. Kosok baline, wong Melayu saka Sri Lanka nduweni udakara 34% keturunan Asia Kidul ing susunan genetik, sing ndadekake dheweke relatif béda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lian |last2=Hoh |first2=Boon-Peng |last3=Lu |first3=Dongsheng |last4=Saw |first4=Woei-Yuh |display-authors=3 |date=2015 |title=Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep14375 |pmid=26395220 |pmc=4585825 |bibcode=2015NatSR...514375D }}</ref> Panliten ing taun 2021 nyimpulake yen garis keturunan Basal-Asia Timur sing khas (kadhangkala diarani '''East- and Southeast Asian lineage''<nowiki/>' (ESEA)), sing minangka leluhure wong Asia Timur lan Tenggara modern, wong Polinesia, lan wong Siberia, asale saka Daratan Asia Tenggara ing ~50.000 SM, lan berkembang liwat pirang-pirang gelombang migrasi menyang kidul lan lor. Leluhur basal-Asia Wétan, uga leluhur sing ana gandhèngané karo [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]], nyebar menyang Asia Kidul-wétan Maritim sadurungé ekspansi Austronésia. Wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronésia dhewe dikira wis tekan ing [[Taiwan]] lan [[Filipina]] sisih lor antarane 10.000 lan 7.000 SM saka pesisir kidul Tiongkok, lan nyebar saka kana menyang saindenging Asia Tenggara. Para penulis nyimpulake yen ekspansi Austronésia menyang Insular Asia Tenggara lan [[Polinésia]] metu saka Filipina tinimbang Taiwan, lan wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronesia modern, kayata wong Melayu, umume duwe leluhur saka Basal-Asia Timur paling awal, migran Austroasia saka Asia Tenggara Daratan, lan pelaut sing nganggo basa Austronésia saka Filipina, tanpa akeh campuran saka klompok sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=30 Maret 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=118 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512|bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Melinda A. |date=6 Januari 2022 |title=A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia |url=http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |journal=Human Population Genetics and Genomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.47248/hpgg2202010001 |issn=2770-5005 |doi-access=free |access-date=25 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Mèi 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516110501/http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Budaya== === Agama === [[Barkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] ing wayah wengi [[Ramadhan]]. Karajan sugih iki nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Melayu'') minangka filosofi nasional wiwit kamardikane ing taun 1984.]] Komunitas Melayu wiwitan umumé [[animisme|animis]], percaya marang anané ''semangat'' (roh) ing saben bab.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira nalika wiwitan jaman umum, agama [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] dikenalake dening para pedagang Asia Kidul menyang Kepulauan Melayu, ing ngendi agama kasebut berkembang nganti abad kaping 13, sadurunge tekane Islam sing digawa dening para pedagang Muslim Arab, Asia Kidul, lan Tiongkok. Ing abad kaping 15, Islam saka sekte [[Sunni]] ortodoks ngrembaka ing jagad Melayu ing jaman Kesultanan Malaka. Beda karo agama [[Hindhu|Hindu]], sing mung ngowahi masyarakat Melayu awal kanthi dangkal, [[Islam]] bisa diarani wis terintegrasi kanthi lengkap menyang urip saben dinane penduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Wiwit jaman iki, wong Melayu dianggep minangka kelompok etnoreligius lan sacara tradhisional nduweni identifikasi sing cedhak karo Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} lan wiwit kuwi dheweke ora ngganti agama.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas iki kuwat banget nganti diarani dadi Muslim yaiku ''masuk Melayu'' (mlebu keMelayuan).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan mangkono, kapercayan-kapercayan sadurungé sing duwé oyot sing luwih jero, tetep nglawan kutukan Islam - lan pancen mistisisme [[Sufisme]] wis gegandhèngan ing antarane wong Melayu, karo roh-roh saka jagad animisme sadurungé lan sawetara unsur Hindhu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Sawisé taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (uga diarani re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) ing saindenging jagad Muslim, akèh tradhisi sing dianggep nglanggar ajaran Islam lan ngandhut unsur syirik ditinggalaké déning wong Melayu ing Malaysia, déné ing antarane wong Melayu ing Indhonésia, tradhisi kasebut ora dianggep takhayul lan ngandhut unsur syirik. Ing antarane tradhisi kasebut yaiku festival ''mandi'' safar (adus [[Safar]]), festival [[adus]] kanggo nggayuh kasucian spiritual, sing bisa dideleng fitur-fitur sing padha karo sawetara ing Durga Puja ing India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Akèh-akèhé saka ètnis Melayu modern sing penganut Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> lan riyaya Melayu sing paling penting yaiku sing asalé saka Islam - ''[[Idul Fitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Idul Adha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharram|Awal Muharram]]'', lan ''[[Mulud (pahargyan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Wong Melayu sing metu saka Islam ing Malaysia lan Brunéi dianggep murtad. Nanging, ana sawetara etnis Melayu sing manggon ing njaba negara-negara kasebut uga wis nganut agama liya kanthi sah miturut hukum. ===Basa=== [[Barkas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]]. Wis ana wiwit taun 683, iki minangka salah sawijining artefak tulisan Melayu paling tuwa sing isih ana.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Aksara Gundhil}} [[Basa Malayu]] iku salah siji basa sing paling misuwur ing donya, mligine saka kulawarga basa Austronésia. Varian lan dialek [[basa Melayu]] digunakake minangka basa resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], lan [[Singapura]]. Basa iki uga dicaturaké ing [[Thai]]land kidul, [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)|Kapuloan Cocos]], [[Pulo Natal]], lan [[Sri Lanka]]. Basa iki dicaturaké déning kurang luwih 33 yuta wong ing sakubengé Kapuloan Melayu lan digunakaké minangka basa kapindho déning kurang luwih 220 yuta wong.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Wangun basa Malayu paling tuwa asale saka basa Proto-Malayu-Polinésia sing dituturake dening para pemukim Austronésia paling awal ing [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Wangun iki banjur berkembang dadi basa Malayu Kuna nalika budaya lan agama India wiwit nembus wilayah kasebut. Basa Melayu Kuna ngandhut sawetara istilah sing isih ana nganti saiki, nanging tetep ora bisa dimangerteni dening penutur modern, dene basa modern wis umume bisa dikenali ing basa Melayu Klasik tulisan, sing bentuk paling tuwa wiwit taun 1303 Masehi.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Melayu berkembang dadi basa Malayu Klasik liwat mlebune akeh kosakata [[basa Arab|Arab]] lan [[basa Pèrsi|Pèrsi]] kanthi bertahap nalika Islam mlebu ing wilayah kasebut, lan sajrone proses kasebut ana owah-owahan sing signifikan. Wiwitane, basa Melayu Klasik minangka klompok dialek sing maneka warna, sing nggambarake asal-usul kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu ing Asia Kidul-wétan. Salah sawijining dialek iki, sing dikembangake ing tradhisi sastra Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, pungkasane dadi dominan. Jaman Malaka ditandhani karo owah-owahan basa Melayu dadi basa Islam, kaya dene basa Arab, Persia, Urdu, lan Swahili. [[Aksara Arab]] sing diadaptasi sing diarani [[aksara Jawi|Jawi]] digunakake kanggo ngganti [[aksara Kawi]], terminologi agama lan budaya Islam diasimilasi kanthi akeh, mbuwang akeh tembung Hindu-Buddha, lan basa Malayu dadi basa pengantar lan panyebaran Islam ing saindenging wilayah [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Ing puncak kekuasaan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, basa Malayu Klasik nyebar ngluwihi jagad penutur basa Melayu tradhisional<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> lan ngasilake ''[[basantara|lingua franca]]'' sing diarani ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Bazaar Melayu") utawa ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Melayu Endhek"), beda karo ''Bahasa Melayu Tinggi'' ("Melayu Luhur") ing Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Lumrahé, basa Melayu Bazaar iku basa pidgin lan perkembangan sing paling penting yaiku basa pidgin dikreolisasi, sing nggawé sawetara basa anyar kaya ta [[basa Malayu Ambon]], [[basa Malayu Manado|Malayu Manado]], lan [[basa Batawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} Para panulis [[Éropa]] ing abad kaping 17 lan 18, kaya ta Tavernier, Thomassin lan Werndly nggambarake basa Malayu minangka "''basa para wong pinter ing kabeh Hindia, kaya [[basa Latin]] ing Eropa''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} Iki uga sing paling akeh digunakake nalika jaman penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda ing Kepulauan Melayu.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} Kosok baline katon ing Hindia Timur Spanyol, ing ngendi latinisasi massal ing kepulauan kasebut sajrone taun-taun kolonial nyebabake kudeta historis basa Malayu ing Filipina. Dialek Kesultanan Johor, penerus langsung Malaka, dadi basa standar ing antarane wong Melayu ing [[Singapura]] lan [[Malaysia]], lan iki dadi dhasar asli kanggo [[basa Indhonésia]] sing wis distandardisasi.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Apart from the standard Malay, developed within the Malacca-Johor sphere, various local [[Malayan languages|Malay dialects]] exist. For example, the [[Bangka language|Bangkanese]], the [[Brunei Malay|Bruneian]], the [[Jambi Malay|Jambian]], the [[Kelantanese]], the [[Kedah Malay|Kedahan]], the [[Negeri Sembilan Malay language|Negeri Sembilanese]], the [[Musi language|Palembangnese]], the [[Pattani Malay|Pattanese]], the [[Sarawak Malay|Sarawakian]], the [[Terengganu Malay|Terengganuan]], and many others. The Malay language was historically written in [[Pallava script|Pallawa]], [[Kawi script|Kawi]] and [[Rencong script|Rencong]]. After the arrival of Islam, [[Arabic script|Arabic]]-based [[Jawi script]] was adopted and is still in use today as one of the two official scripts in Brunei and as an alternative script in [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Oktober 2012 }}</ref> Beginning from the 17th century, as a result of British and Dutch colonisation, Jawi was gradually replaced by the Latin-based [[Rumi script]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> which eventually became the official modern script for Malay language in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia, and co-official script in Brunei. ==Sub-ètnis== {{Uga deleng|Wong Melayu Malaysia|Wong Melayu Indhonésia}} ==Deleng uga== * [[Donya Melayu]] * [[Omah Melayu]] ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melayu}} [[Kategori:Melayu|*]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia]] {{Featured article}} {{Authority control}} 332on4bnunay49lixonqwv7qf4vk2jr 1751075 1751068 2026-07-02T09:28:01Z ~2026-37770-06 73448 /* Basa */ 1751075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <br/>Wong Melayu<br/>''Orang Melayu''<br/>أورڠ ملايو | image = [[Gambar:Siti Nurhaliza - KLIFF 08.jpg|57px|Siti Nurhaliza]] [[Gambar:Mahathir 2007.jpg|57px|Mahathir Mohammad]] [[Gambar:Muszaphar shukor.jpg|57px|Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/>[[Gambar:Amir Hamzah portrait edit.jpg|51px|Amir Hamzah]] [[Gambar:Raja Ali Haji.jpg|57px|Raja Ali Haji]] [[Gambar:Hamzah Haz.jpg|57px|Hamzah Haz]]<br/>[[Gambar:Siti Nordiana interviewed by MeleTOP.jpg|70px|Siti Nordiana]] | caption = Sakarepe: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] • [[Mahathir Mohammad]] • [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/> Kaloro: [[Amir Hamzah]] • [[Raja Ali Haji]] • [[Hamzah Haz]]<br/> Katelu: [[Siti Nordiana]] | poptime = {{circa}} '''40.000.000 jiwane''' <!-- sum of numbers from each region below --> | region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung mayoritas'''</span> | region6 = '''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]''' | pop6 = 20.749.378 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunéi Darussalam]]''' | pop7 = 501.902 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref7 = {{lower|<ref name="CIA (B)>"{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region8 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung minoritas'''</span> | pop8 = | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]''' | pop9 = 8.789.585 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} | region10 = '''{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]''' | pop10 = 5.354.475 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples|2005}}</ref>}} | region11 = '''{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]''' | pop11 = 1.003.449 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref11 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} | region12 = '''{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipina]]''' | pop12 = 2.000.000 | ref12 = | languages = [[Basa Malayu]], [[Basa Indhonésia]], [[Basa Thai]], [[Basa Arab]], [[Basa Inggris]], lan [[Basa Tamil]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = [[Wong Acèh|Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minang]], [[Wong Kerinci|Kerinci]], [[Wong Tidung|Tidung]], [[Wong Laut|Laut]], [[Wong Betawi|Betawi]] }} [[Gambar:Malay couple.jpg|thumb|300px|Pasangan Melayu nganggo sandhangan tradhisional sawisé upacara ''akad nikah''. Penganten kakung nganggo ''baju melayu'' nganggo ''songkok'' lan ''[[songkèt]]'', dene penganten putri nganggo ''baju kurung'' nganggo ''tudong''.]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34.jpg|thumb|300px|Wadon Melayu ing Kutai diidentifikasi kanthi bentuk bun sing khas (litografi dening C. F. Kelley adhedhasar gambar dening Carl Book, [[1887]])]] '''Wong Melayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Aksara Jawi|Jawi]]: ملايو) minangka klompok suku bangsa [[Austronésia]] utamané ing Semenanjung Malaya, ing saindenging [[Sumatra]], kidul [[Thailand]], pesisir kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Borneo]] pesisir kalebu [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] lan [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]] pesisir, [[Pilipina]] sisih kulon lan sisih kidul, lan pulo-pulo cilik sing ana ing antarané lokasi kasebut — sacara koléktif dikenal minangka "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi iki saiki dadi bagéan saka negara-negara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Malah, akéh komunitas [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]], lan [[Dayak]] sing pindhah menyang pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]] lan pesisir kulon [[Kalimantan]], ngaku wong Melayu. Saliyané ing Nusantara, wong Melayu uga ang ing [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)]] ''(Cocos Malays)'', lan [[Afrika Kidul]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Ana maneka warna basa, budaya, seni, lan sosial sing cukup akeh ing antarane akeh subkelompok Melayu, utamane amarga atusan taun imigrasi lan asimilasi macem-macem etnis lan suku regional ing Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamane keturunan saka suku [[kulawarga basa Austronésia|Austronésia]] lan [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]] sing nganggo [[basa Malayu]] sadurunge sing ngedegake sawetara negara lan kerajaan dagang maritim kuna, utamane [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Kerajaan Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Tekane Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15 micu revolusi gedhe ing sejarah Melayu, sing penting banget dumunung ing warisan politik lan budaya sing jembar. Tandha-tandha definitif umum saka kemelayuan — agama Islam, basa lan tradhisi Melayu — dianggep wis diproklamasikake ing jaman iki, sing ndadékaké etnogenesis wong Melayu minangka klompok etnoreligius utama ing wilayah kasebut. Ing sastra, arsitektur, tradhisi kuliner, sandhangan tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri, lan tradhisi kraton, Malaka netepake standar sing ditiru dening kesultanan Melayu sabanjure. Jaman keemasan kesultanan Melayu ing Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, lan Pesisir Kalimantan nyumurupi akèh pedunungé, mliginé saka manéka warna komunitas suku kaya ta [[Wong Batak|Batak]], [[Dayak]], Wong Asli, lan [[Wong Laut]], sing tundhuk marang Islamisasi lan Invasi Melayu. Sajrone sejarah, istilah "Melayu" wis ditambahi menyang klompok etnis liyane ing "[[Donya Melayu]]"; panggunaan iki saiki umume diwatesi ing Malaysia lan Singapura, ing ngendi keturunan liyane saka klompok etnis iki diarani Anak Dagang ("pedagang") lan umume asale saka [[Indhonésia]] kayata [[wong Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]], [[Wong Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minangkêbo]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]]. == Etimologi == [[Barkas:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|[[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi]] ing [[Jambi]], sacara historis ana hubungane karo [[Kerajaan Melayu]] pra-Islam. Wong Melayu-Sriwijaya dikenal mbangun sistem bangunan sing rumit ing ibukutha, kutha-kutha gedhe, lan pusat kutha sing penting.]] [[Barkas:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Miturut ''[[Sejarah Melayu]]'', bukit iki nyathet munculé Sang Sapurba, leluhur legendaris kanggo macem-macem kulawarga kerajaan Melayu ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]], lan [[Kalimantan]].]] Literatur epik ''[[Sulalatus Salatin|Sajarah Melayu]]'' nggandhengake asal-usul etimologis "Melayu" karo kali cilik sing jenenge Sungai Melayu ('kali Melayu') ing [[Sumatra]], [[Indhonésia]]. Epik kasebut salah nyebutake yen kali kasebut mili menyang [[Kali Musi]] ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], dene sejatine mili menyang Kali Batang Hari ing [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah iki dianggep asale saka tembung Melayu ''melaju'', gabungan saka awalan verbal 'me' lan tembung oyot 'laju', sing tegese "nyepetake", digunakake kanggo njlentrehake arus kali sing deres lan cepet.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Minangka jeneng panggonan (toponim) === Sadurungé abad kaping 15, istilah "Melayu" lan varian sing mèmper katon ditrapaké minangka toponim lawas kanggo wilayah [[Selat Malaka]] sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", diterangake ing bab 48, Vayu Purana minangka salah sawijining provinsi ing segara wétan sing kebak emas lan perak. Sawetara sarjana nyamakake istilah iki karo [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} nanging sawetara sarjana India percaya yen istilah kasebut kudune nuduhake Semenanjung Melayu sing pagunungan, dene Sumatra luwih tepat digandhengake karo Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – lokasi ing Semenanjung Emas, saka karya [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemy]], Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – kasebut déning Yijing, sawijining biksu Buddha Tionghoa saka [[Wangsa Tang|Dinasti Tang]] sing ngunjungi Asia Tenggara ing taun 688–695. Miturut Yijing, karajan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' dumunung ing jarak 15 dina lelayaran saka Bogha (Palembang), ibukutha Sribhoga ([[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh layar 15 dina kanggo tekan Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) saka Mo-lo-yu; mula, bisa diarani yen Mo-Lo-Yu bakal dumunung ing tengah-tengah antarane rong panggonan kasebut.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Ana téori populer sing nggandhèngaké ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' karo [[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi|Jambi]] ing Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi kontradiksi karo katrangané Yi Jing babagan "layar setengah dalan antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Ing jaman [[Wangsa Yuan|Dinasti Yuan]] (1271–1368) lan [[Wangsa Ming|Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), tembung ''Ma-La-Yu'' kerep disebut ing teks-teks sejarah Tiongkok – kanthi owah-owahan ejaan amarga rentang wektu antarane dinasti – kanggo nyebutake sawijining bangsa ing cedhak segara kidul. Antarane istilah-istilah sing digunakake yaiku "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — dilacak saka sumber tinulis saka bhikkhu [[Xuanzang]]) lan Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – kasebut ing prasasti Tanjore. Iki digambarake minangka kerajaan sing nduweni "gunung sing kuwat minangka benteng" sing tiba menyang penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I ing abad kaping 11. Bisa uga ana ing Sumatra, antarane Pannai lan Sriwijaya ([[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} bisa uga ana ing situs arkeologi [[Kabupatèn Muaro Jambi|Muaro Jambi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – sing kasebut déning ahli géografi Arab abad kaping 12 [[Al-Idrisi|Muhammad al-Idrisi]] ing Tabula Rogeriana, pulo iki njlèntrèhaké semenanjung Malaya minangka pulo sing dawa lan nyebut Malai, wewatesan karo Qmer (Khmer) lan dunungé 12 dina layar saka Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (secara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi saka [[Prasasti Padang Roco]] taun 1286 M dening Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah iki ana gandheng cenenge karo kerajaan Dharmasraya. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – kasebut ing babad [[Wangsa Yuan]], nuduhake sawijining bangsa ing Semenanjung Melayu sing ngadhepi ekspansi Kerajaan Sukhothai menyang kidul, nalika jaman pamrentahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik kasebut nyatakake: "''..Ana rasa sengit antarane Siam lan Ma-li-yu-er nganti loro-lorone padha mateni siji lan sijine ...''". Kanggo nanggepi tumindake Sukhothai, utusan Tiongkok menyang kraton Ram Khamhaeng ing taun 1295 nggawa dekrit kekaisaran: "Tetepna janjimu lan aja nindakake piala marang Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – kasebut ing cathetan [[Marco Polo]] minangka kerajaan sing dumunung ing Semenanjung Melayu,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} bisa uga padha karo sing kasebut ing kronik Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kutha Malaya" utawa "bètèng Malaya"), sing ditulis ing [[prasasti Amoghapasa]] sing ditulis taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah iki digunakake dening [[Adityawarman]] kanggo nyebut Dharmasraya. Saran liyané kalebu tembung [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (minangka kriya: mlayu, partisip: buronan), utawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (nyepetake kanthi ajeg), sing nuduhake mobilitas dhuwur lan sifat migrasi wong-wongé. De Barros (1552) nyebutake yen [[Paraméswara|Iskandar Shah]] menehi jeneng ''Malaios'' (wong Melayu) kaya ngono amarga bapakne diusir saka negarane. Albuquerque nerangake yen [[Paraméswara|Parameswara]] mlayu (''malayo'') saka kerajaan Palembang menyang Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Minangka jeneng ètnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Wong Melayu ing Malaka | caption1 = Cat banyu Portugis wong Malaya ing Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, ditampilake ing Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Melayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Melayu, saka ''Reise nach Batavia'', antarane taun 1669 lan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget saka Kesultanan Malaka; akeh aspek budaya Melayu sing asale saka kraton Malaka }} Tembung "Melayu" minangka etnonim, kanggo ngrujuk marang kluster etnologis sing béda banget, dianggep wis dadi populer sajrone integrasi Kesultanan Malaka minangka kakuwatan regional ing abad kaping 15. Iki digunakake kanggo nglaporake babagan keberpihakan sosial wong Malaka tinimbang wong manca ing wilayah sing padha, utamane [[wong Jawa]] lan [[Thai]].{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Iki dibuktèkaké saka dhaptar tembung Melayu awal abad kaping 16 déning Antonio Pigafetta sing gabung karo pelayaran Magellan, sing ngrujuk babagan kepriyé frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Melayu') digunakaké ing maritim [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], kanggo nyebut ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] kanggo "ngomong babagan Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Sastra Melayu klasik nggambarake wong Melayu kanthi makna sing luwih sempit tinimbang interpretasi modern. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (kira-kira taun 1700, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1849) mung nyebutake wong Melayu minangka subjek Kesultanan Malaka; [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], nalika semana, ora dianggep minangka wong Melayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (manuskrip: 1876) contoné, ora nyebut Patani lan Brunéi minangka [[basa Malayu]], istilah kuwi mung digunakaké kanggo [[Johor]]. Kedah boten kalebet basa Melayu ing babad Kedah/Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (kira-kira 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (kira-kira taun 1625, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1675) nggandhengake etnis Melayu karo Johor, nanging mesthi ora karo Aceh utawa Deli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-9166-4 |pages=91–92 |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026|archive-date=31 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160702/https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For the dating of the manuscripts, see [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html|date=9 Agustus 2022}}.</ref> == Asal-usul == [[Barkas:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|Sekelompok wong lanang saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] nganggo sandhangan jinis ''Cekak Musang'', dienggo bareng karo [[songkèt]] (kiwa paling adoh) lan ''[[sarung|kain sarung]]''.]] === Modhél Proto-Melayu === Uga dikenal minangka ''Melayu asli'' (wong Melayu asli) utawa ''Melayu purba'' (wong Melayu kuna), wong Proto-Melayu asale saka Austronésia lan dipercaya wis migrasi menyang Kapuloan Melayu sajrone serangkaian migrasi dawa antarane 2500 lan 1500 SM.{{sfn|Ryan|1976|pp=4–5}} Proto-Melayu sing misuwur saiki yaiku Moken, Jakun, Orang Kuala, Temuan lan Orang Kanaq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orang Asli Population Statistics |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |url= http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233738/http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-date=22 Juli 2011}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History'' ({{lang|id|Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Sejarah Awal}}), wis nudingake total telung teori babagan asal-usul wong Melayu: * Teori Yunnan (diterbitake ing taun 1889) – Teori Proto-Melayu sing asale saka Yunnan kira-kira 4.000 nganti 6.000 taun kepungkur. Téori iki didhukung déning R.H Geldern lan timé sing nduwé téori yèn migrasi wong-wong mau kedadeyan saka Kali Mekong menyang [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Bukti liyané sing ndhukung téori iki kalebu piranti watu sing ditemokaké ing Kepulauan Melayu sing analog karo piranti Asia Tengah, sing nuduhaké kamiripan adat istiadat Melayu lan Assam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Parthipan |first1=Shalini |last2=Mirianti Ishar |first2=Seri |date=2022 |title=Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |journal=Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=86 |via=Journalarticle.ukm.my |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016080144/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * Teori New Guinea/Pelaut (diterbitake ing taun 1965) – Migrasi pelaut kanthi katrampilan oseanografi sing kuwat sing lelungan saka pulo siji menyang pulo liyane antarane [[Niu Sélan]] lan [[Madhagaskar]]. Teori kasebut ngaku yen morfologi wong Melayu nalika semana padha karo Negroid.<ref name=":0" /> * Teori [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] (diterbitake ing taun 1997) – Migrasi sekelompok wong saka Tiongkok Kidul kedadeyan 6.000 taun kepungkur, sawetara pindhah menyang [[Taiwan]] ([[wong pribumi Taiwan|pribumi Taiwan]] saiki minangka keturunane), banjur menyang [[Filipina]] lan mengko menyang [[Kalimantan]] (kurang luwih 4.500 taun kepungkur) ([[Dayak]] saiki lan kelompok liyane). Wong-wong kuna iki uga pisah, ana sing menyang [[Sulawesi]] lan ana sing menyang [[Jawa]], lan [[Sumatra]], sing saiki kabeh nganggo basa-basa sing kalebu kulawarga Basa Austronesia. Migrasi pungkasan kedadeyan ing Semenanjung Malaya kira-kira 3.000 taun kepungkur. Sawijining sub-kelompok saka Kalimantan pindhah menyang Champa ing jaman saiki sing diarani Vietnam Tengah lan Kidul kira-kira 4.500 taun kepungkur. Ana uga jejak migrasi Dong Son lan Hoabinhian saka [[Viètnam]] lan [[Kamboja]]. Kabeh klompok iki nduweni DNA lan asal-usul linguistik sing bisa ditelusuri saka pulo sing saiki diarani Taiwan, lan leluhure wong-wong kuna iki bisa ditelusuri saka Tiongkok kidul.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} ==== Deutero-Melayu ==== [[Barkas:Women from Palembang in Ikat weave, Wanita di Indonesia p29 (Ministry of Information).jpg|thumb|Wanita saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]] nganggo busana tradhisional, sing diarani Baju Kurung sing digawe saka [[Songkèt]]. Klambi iki umume digandhengake karo wanita keturunan Melayu.]] Wong Deutero-Melayu iku wong [[jaman wesi|Jaman Wesi]] sing sebagian turunan saka wong Austronésia sabanjure sing dilengkapi teknik pertanian sing luwih maju lan kawruh anyar babagan logam.{{sfn|Murdock|1969|p=278}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA495 495]}}{{sfn|Anderbeck|2002}} Para pemukim Deutero-Melayu ora nomaden kaya para leluhure: nanging dheweke manggon lan ngadegake kampung-kampung sing dadi unit utama ing masyarakat. Kampung-kampung iki biasane dumunung ing pinggir kali utawa pesisir lan umume bisa nyukupi pangan lan kabutuhan liyane. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 1 SM, kampung-kampung iki wiwit nindakake perdagangan karo jagad njaba.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=39}} Wong Deutero-Melayu dianggep minangka leluhur langsung saka wong Melayu saiki.{{sfn|TED|1999}} ==== Ekspansi saka modhél Sundaland ==== Téori sing luwih anyar nyatakaké yèn tinimbang dipanggoni déning ekspansi saka daratan, populasi Jaman És ing Semenanjung Malaya, Kapuloan Indhonésia sing cedhak, lan landas kontinèntal sing nalika iku katon (Sundaland) malah berkembang sacara lokal saka pemukim manungsa pisanan lan ngembang menyang daratan. Para pendukung téori iki percaya yèn ekspansi iki mènèhi panjelasan sing luwih irit babagan bukti linguistik, arkeologi, lan antropologis tinimbang modhèl sadurungé, mliginé model Taiwan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2006}} Téori iki uga nduwèni dhukungan saka bukti genetik anyar saka Human Genome Organisation sing nuduhaké yèn pedunung utama Asia kedadeyan ing siji migrasi liwat [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]; rute iki dianggep minangka wilayah Melayu modern lan keragaman ing wilayah kasebut berkembang utamane ing panggonan kasebut tanpa mbutuhake migrasi utama saka daratan. Ekspansi kasebut dhewe bisa uga disebabake dening kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es.{{sfn|Abdulla et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Soares, et al.|2008}} Stephen Oppenheimer, pendukung paham iki, luwih lanjut ngajokake teori yen ekspansi bangsa kedadeyan kanthi telung gelombang cepet amarga kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es, lan diaspora iki nyebarake bangsa-bangsa kasebut lan budaya, mitos, lan teknologi sing ana gandhengane ora mung menyang daratan Asia Tenggara, nanging uga nganti India, Timur Tengah, lan Mediterania. Para pengulas nemokake usulan-usulane kanggo pemukiman lan panyebaran asli pantes ditliti luwih lanjut, nanging isih skeptis karo klaim difusionis dheweke.{{sfn|Razak|2012}}{{sfn|Terrell|1999}}{{sfn|Baer|1999}} === Bukti genetik === Wong Melayu iku sawijining klompok ètnis sing manggon ing Asia Kidul-wétan lan Semenanjung Malaya sing nganggo basa Austronésia. Miturut panliten ing taun 2015, wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, [[Singapura]], [[Indhonésia]], lan [[Sri Lanka]] nduweni 4 komponen leluhur utama, kalebu Austronésia (17%–62%), Proto-Melayu (15%–31%), Asia Timur (4%–16%) lan Asia Selatan (3%–34%). Nanging komponen pribumi Austronésia lan Asia Tenggara luwih penting kanggo wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura lan Indhonésia tinimbang Asia Wétan lan Asia Kidul. Kosok baline, wong Melayu saka Sri Lanka nduweni udakara 34% keturunan Asia Kidul ing susunan genetik, sing ndadekake dheweke relatif béda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lian |last2=Hoh |first2=Boon-Peng |last3=Lu |first3=Dongsheng |last4=Saw |first4=Woei-Yuh |display-authors=3 |date=2015 |title=Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep14375 |pmid=26395220 |pmc=4585825 |bibcode=2015NatSR...514375D }}</ref> Panliten ing taun 2021 nyimpulake yen garis keturunan Basal-Asia Timur sing khas (kadhangkala diarani '''East- and Southeast Asian lineage''<nowiki/>' (ESEA)), sing minangka leluhure wong Asia Timur lan Tenggara modern, wong Polinesia, lan wong Siberia, asale saka Daratan Asia Tenggara ing ~50.000 SM, lan berkembang liwat pirang-pirang gelombang migrasi menyang kidul lan lor. Leluhur basal-Asia Wétan, uga leluhur sing ana gandhèngané karo [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]], nyebar menyang Asia Kidul-wétan Maritim sadurungé ekspansi Austronésia. Wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronésia dhewe dikira wis tekan ing [[Taiwan]] lan [[Filipina]] sisih lor antarane 10.000 lan 7.000 SM saka pesisir kidul Tiongkok, lan nyebar saka kana menyang saindenging Asia Tenggara. Para penulis nyimpulake yen ekspansi Austronésia menyang Insular Asia Tenggara lan [[Polinésia]] metu saka Filipina tinimbang Taiwan, lan wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronesia modern, kayata wong Melayu, umume duwe leluhur saka Basal-Asia Timur paling awal, migran Austroasia saka Asia Tenggara Daratan, lan pelaut sing nganggo basa Austronésia saka Filipina, tanpa akeh campuran saka klompok sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=30 Maret 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=118 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512|bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Melinda A. |date=6 Januari 2022 |title=A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia |url=http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |journal=Human Population Genetics and Genomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.47248/hpgg2202010001 |issn=2770-5005 |doi-access=free |access-date=25 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Mèi 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516110501/http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Budaya== === Agama === [[Barkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] ing wayah wengi [[Ramadhan]]. Karajan sugih iki nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Melayu'') minangka filosofi nasional wiwit kamardikane ing taun 1984.]] Komunitas Melayu wiwitan umumé [[animisme|animis]], percaya marang anané ''semangat'' (roh) ing saben bab.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira nalika wiwitan jaman umum, agama [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] dikenalake dening para pedagang Asia Kidul menyang Kepulauan Melayu, ing ngendi agama kasebut berkembang nganti abad kaping 13, sadurunge tekane Islam sing digawa dening para pedagang Muslim Arab, Asia Kidul, lan Tiongkok. Ing abad kaping 15, Islam saka sekte [[Sunni]] ortodoks ngrembaka ing jagad Melayu ing jaman Kesultanan Malaka. Beda karo agama [[Hindhu|Hindu]], sing mung ngowahi masyarakat Melayu awal kanthi dangkal, [[Islam]] bisa diarani wis terintegrasi kanthi lengkap menyang urip saben dinane penduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Wiwit jaman iki, wong Melayu dianggep minangka kelompok etnoreligius lan sacara tradhisional nduweni identifikasi sing cedhak karo Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} lan wiwit kuwi dheweke ora ngganti agama.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas iki kuwat banget nganti diarani dadi Muslim yaiku ''masuk Melayu'' (mlebu keMelayuan).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan mangkono, kapercayan-kapercayan sadurungé sing duwé oyot sing luwih jero, tetep nglawan kutukan Islam - lan pancen mistisisme [[Sufisme]] wis gegandhèngan ing antarane wong Melayu, karo roh-roh saka jagad animisme sadurungé lan sawetara unsur Hindhu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Sawisé taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (uga diarani re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) ing saindenging jagad Muslim, akèh tradhisi sing dianggep nglanggar ajaran Islam lan ngandhut unsur syirik ditinggalaké déning wong Melayu ing Malaysia, déné ing antarane wong Melayu ing Indhonésia, tradhisi kasebut ora dianggep takhayul lan ngandhut unsur syirik. Ing antarane tradhisi kasebut yaiku festival ''mandi'' safar (adus [[Safar]]), festival [[adus]] kanggo nggayuh kasucian spiritual, sing bisa dideleng fitur-fitur sing padha karo sawetara ing Durga Puja ing India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Akèh-akèhé saka ètnis Melayu modern sing penganut Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> lan riyaya Melayu sing paling penting yaiku sing asalé saka Islam - ''[[Idul Fitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Idul Adha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharram|Awal Muharram]]'', lan ''[[Mulud (pahargyan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Wong Melayu sing metu saka Islam ing Malaysia lan Brunéi dianggep murtad. Nanging, ana sawetara etnis Melayu sing manggon ing njaba negara-negara kasebut uga wis nganut agama liya kanthi sah miturut hukum. ===Basa=== [[Barkas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]]. Wis ana wiwit taun 683, iki minangka salah sawijining artefak tulisan Melayu paling tuwa sing isih ana.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Aksara Gundhil}} [[Basa Malayu]] iku salah siji basa sing paling misuwur ing donya, mligine saka kulawarga basa Austronésia. Varian lan dialek [[basa Melayu]] digunakake minangka basa resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], lan [[Singapura]]. Basa iki uga dicaturaké ing [[Thai]]land kidul, [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)|Kapuloan Cocos]], [[Pulo Natal]], lan [[Sri Lanka]]. Basa iki dicaturaké déning kurang luwih 33 yuta wong ing sakubengé Kapuloan Melayu lan digunakaké minangka basa kapindho déning kurang luwih 220 yuta wong.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Wangun basa Malayu paling tuwa asale saka basa Proto-Malayu-Polinésia sing dituturake dening para pemukim Austronésia paling awal ing [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Wangun iki banjur berkembang dadi basa Malayu Kuna nalika budaya lan agama India wiwit nembus wilayah kasebut. Basa Melayu Kuna ngandhut sawetara istilah sing isih ana nganti saiki, nanging tetep ora bisa dimangerteni dening penutur modern, dene basa modern wis umume bisa dikenali ing basa Melayu Klasik tulisan, sing bentuk paling tuwa wiwit taun 1303 Masehi.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Melayu berkembang dadi basa Malayu Klasik liwat mlebune akeh kosakata [[basa Arab|Arab]] lan [[basa Pèrsi|Pèrsi]] kanthi bertahap nalika Islam mlebu ing wilayah kasebut, lan sajrone proses kasebut ana owah-owahan sing signifikan. Wiwitane, basa Melayu Klasik minangka klompok dialek sing maneka warna, sing nggambarake asal-usul kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu ing Asia Kidul-wétan. Salah sawijining dialek iki, sing dikembangake ing tradhisi sastra Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, pungkasane dadi dominan. Jaman Malaka ditandhani karo owah-owahan basa Melayu dadi basa Islam, kaya dene basa Arab, Persia, Urdu, lan Swahili. [[Aksara Arab]] sing diadaptasi sing diarani [[aksara Jawi|Jawi]] digunakake kanggo ngganti [[aksara Kawi]], terminologi agama lan budaya Islam diasimilasi kanthi akeh, mbuwang akeh tembung Hindu-Buddha, lan basa Malayu dadi basa pengantar lan panyebaran Islam ing saindenging wilayah [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Ing puncak kekuasaan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, basa Malayu Klasik nyebar ngluwihi jagad penutur basa Melayu tradhisional<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> lan ngasilake ''[[basantara|lingua franca]]'' sing diarani ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Bazaar Melayu") utawa ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Melayu Endhek"), beda karo ''Bahasa Melayu Tinggi'' ("Melayu Luhur") ing Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Lumrahé, basa Melayu Bazaar iku basa pidgin lan perkembangan sing paling penting yaiku basa pidgin dikreolisasi, sing nggawé sawetara basa anyar kaya ta [[basa Malayu Ambon]], [[basa Malayu Manado|Malayu Manado]], lan [[basa Batawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} Para panulis [[Éropa]] ing abad kaping 17 lan 18, kaya ta Tavernier, Thomassin lan Werndly nggambarake basa Malayu minangka "''basa para wong pinter ing kabeh Hindia, kaya [[basa Latin]] ing Eropa''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} Iki uga sing paling akeh digunakake nalika jaman penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda ing Kepulauan Melayu.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} Kosok baline katon ing Hindia Timur Spanyol, ing ngendi latinisasi massal ing kepulauan kasebut sajrone taun-taun kolonial nyebabake kudeta historis basa Malayu ing Filipina. Dialek Kesultanan Johor, penerus langsung Malaka, dadi basa standar ing antarane wong Melayu ing [[Singapura]] lan [[Malaysia]], lan iki dadi dhasar asli kanggo [[basa Indhonésia]] sing wis distandardisasi.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Saliyané basa Malayu standar, sing dikembangaké ing lingkungan Malaka-Johor, ana uga manéka dialek Melayu lokal. Contone, wong [[basa Bangka|Bangka]], Brunéi, [[basa Melayu Jambi|Jambi]], [[basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Kelantan]], Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, [[basa Palémbang|Palémbang]], [[Basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Pattan]], Sarawak, [[Basa Malayu Trengganu|Terengganu]], lan liya-liyane. Basa Malayu sacara historis ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]], [[aksara Kawi|Kawi]], lan [[aksara Réncong|Réncong]]. Sawisé tekané Islam, [[aksara Jawi]] sing adhedhasar basa Arab diadopsi lan isih digunakaké nganti saiki minangka salah siji saka rong aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan minangka aksara alternatif ing [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Oktober 2012 }}</ref> Wiwit abad kaping 17, minangka akibat saka penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda, aksara Jawi mboko sithik diganti karo aksara Rumi<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> sing adhedhasar Latin sing pungkasane dadi aksara modern resmi kanggo [[basa Malayu]] ing [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], lan [[Indhonésia]], lan aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. ==Sub-ètnis== {{Uga deleng|Wong Melayu Malaysia|Wong Melayu Indhonésia}} ==Deleng uga== * [[Donya Melayu]] * [[Omah Melayu]] ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melayu}} [[Kategori:Melayu|*]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia]] {{Featured article}} {{Authority control}} pfb44etbr3dj8sn860yuqusf4xkqop1 1751079 1751075 2026-07-02T10:50:04Z ~2026-37770-06 73448 /* Basa */ 1751079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <br/>Wong Melayu<br/>''Orang Melayu''<br/>أورڠ ملايو | image = [[Gambar:Siti Nurhaliza - KLIFF 08.jpg|57px|Siti Nurhaliza]] [[Gambar:Mahathir 2007.jpg|57px|Mahathir Mohammad]] [[Gambar:Muszaphar shukor.jpg|57px|Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/>[[Gambar:Amir Hamzah portrait edit.jpg|51px|Amir Hamzah]] [[Gambar:Raja Ali Haji.jpg|57px|Raja Ali Haji]] [[Gambar:Hamzah Haz.jpg|57px|Hamzah Haz]]<br/>[[Gambar:Siti Nordiana interviewed by MeleTOP.jpg|70px|Siti Nordiana]] | caption = Sakarepe: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] • [[Mahathir Mohammad]] • [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/> Kaloro: [[Amir Hamzah]] • [[Raja Ali Haji]] • [[Hamzah Haz]]<br/> Katelu: [[Siti Nordiana]] | poptime = {{circa}} '''40.000.000 jiwane''' <!-- sum of numbers from each region below --> | region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung mayoritas'''</span> | region6 = '''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]''' | pop6 = 20.749.378 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunéi Darussalam]]''' | pop7 = 501.902 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref7 = {{lower|<ref name="CIA (B)>"{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region8 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung minoritas'''</span> | pop8 = | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]''' | pop9 = 8.789.585 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} | region10 = '''{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]''' | pop10 = 5.354.475 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples|2005}}</ref>}} | region11 = '''{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]''' | pop11 = 1.003.449 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref11 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} | region12 = '''{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipina]]''' | pop12 = 2.000.000 | ref12 = | languages = [[Basa Malayu]], [[Basa Indhonésia]], [[Basa Thai]], [[Basa Arab]], [[Basa Inggris]], lan [[Basa Tamil]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = [[Wong Acèh|Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minang]], [[Wong Kerinci|Kerinci]], [[Wong Tidung|Tidung]], [[Wong Laut|Laut]], [[Wong Betawi|Betawi]] }} [[Gambar:Malay couple.jpg|thumb|300px|Pasangan Melayu nganggo sandhangan tradhisional sawisé upacara ''akad nikah''. Penganten kakung nganggo ''baju melayu'' nganggo ''songkok'' lan ''[[songkèt]]'', dene penganten putri nganggo ''baju kurung'' nganggo ''tudong''.]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34.jpg|thumb|300px|Wadon Melayu ing Kutai diidentifikasi kanthi bentuk bun sing khas (litografi dening C. F. Kelley adhedhasar gambar dening Carl Book, [[1887]])]] '''Wong Melayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Aksara Jawi|Jawi]]: ملايو) minangka klompok suku bangsa [[Austronésia]] utamané ing Semenanjung Malaya, ing saindenging [[Sumatra]], kidul [[Thailand]], pesisir kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Borneo]] pesisir kalebu [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] lan [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]] pesisir, [[Pilipina]] sisih kulon lan sisih kidul, lan pulo-pulo cilik sing ana ing antarané lokasi kasebut — sacara koléktif dikenal minangka "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi iki saiki dadi bagéan saka negara-negara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Malah, akéh komunitas [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]], lan [[Dayak]] sing pindhah menyang pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]] lan pesisir kulon [[Kalimantan]], ngaku wong Melayu. Saliyané ing Nusantara, wong Melayu uga ang ing [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)]] ''(Cocos Malays)'', lan [[Afrika Kidul]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Ana maneka warna basa, budaya, seni, lan sosial sing cukup akeh ing antarane akeh subkelompok Melayu, utamane amarga atusan taun imigrasi lan asimilasi macem-macem etnis lan suku regional ing Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamane keturunan saka suku [[kulawarga basa Austronésia|Austronésia]] lan [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]] sing nganggo [[basa Malayu]] sadurunge sing ngedegake sawetara negara lan kerajaan dagang maritim kuna, utamane [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Kerajaan Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Tekane Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15 micu revolusi gedhe ing sejarah Melayu, sing penting banget dumunung ing warisan politik lan budaya sing jembar. Tandha-tandha definitif umum saka kemelayuan — agama Islam, basa lan tradhisi Melayu — dianggep wis diproklamasikake ing jaman iki, sing ndadékaké etnogenesis wong Melayu minangka klompok etnoreligius utama ing wilayah kasebut. Ing sastra, arsitektur, tradhisi kuliner, sandhangan tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri, lan tradhisi kraton, Malaka netepake standar sing ditiru dening kesultanan Melayu sabanjure. Jaman keemasan kesultanan Melayu ing Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, lan Pesisir Kalimantan nyumurupi akèh pedunungé, mliginé saka manéka warna komunitas suku kaya ta [[Wong Batak|Batak]], [[Dayak]], Wong Asli, lan [[Wong Laut]], sing tundhuk marang Islamisasi lan Invasi Melayu. Sajrone sejarah, istilah "Melayu" wis ditambahi menyang klompok etnis liyane ing "[[Donya Melayu]]"; panggunaan iki saiki umume diwatesi ing Malaysia lan Singapura, ing ngendi keturunan liyane saka klompok etnis iki diarani Anak Dagang ("pedagang") lan umume asale saka [[Indhonésia]] kayata [[wong Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]], [[Wong Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minangkêbo]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]]. == Etimologi == [[Barkas:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|[[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi]] ing [[Jambi]], sacara historis ana hubungane karo [[Kerajaan Melayu]] pra-Islam. Wong Melayu-Sriwijaya dikenal mbangun sistem bangunan sing rumit ing ibukutha, kutha-kutha gedhe, lan pusat kutha sing penting.]] [[Barkas:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Miturut ''[[Sejarah Melayu]]'', bukit iki nyathet munculé Sang Sapurba, leluhur legendaris kanggo macem-macem kulawarga kerajaan Melayu ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]], lan [[Kalimantan]].]] Literatur epik ''[[Sulalatus Salatin|Sajarah Melayu]]'' nggandhengake asal-usul etimologis "Melayu" karo kali cilik sing jenenge Sungai Melayu ('kali Melayu') ing [[Sumatra]], [[Indhonésia]]. Epik kasebut salah nyebutake yen kali kasebut mili menyang [[Kali Musi]] ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], dene sejatine mili menyang Kali Batang Hari ing [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah iki dianggep asale saka tembung Melayu ''melaju'', gabungan saka awalan verbal 'me' lan tembung oyot 'laju', sing tegese "nyepetake", digunakake kanggo njlentrehake arus kali sing deres lan cepet.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Minangka jeneng panggonan (toponim) === Sadurungé abad kaping 15, istilah "Melayu" lan varian sing mèmper katon ditrapaké minangka toponim lawas kanggo wilayah [[Selat Malaka]] sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", diterangake ing bab 48, Vayu Purana minangka salah sawijining provinsi ing segara wétan sing kebak emas lan perak. Sawetara sarjana nyamakake istilah iki karo [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} nanging sawetara sarjana India percaya yen istilah kasebut kudune nuduhake Semenanjung Melayu sing pagunungan, dene Sumatra luwih tepat digandhengake karo Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – lokasi ing Semenanjung Emas, saka karya [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemy]], Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – kasebut déning Yijing, sawijining biksu Buddha Tionghoa saka [[Wangsa Tang|Dinasti Tang]] sing ngunjungi Asia Tenggara ing taun 688–695. Miturut Yijing, karajan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' dumunung ing jarak 15 dina lelayaran saka Bogha (Palembang), ibukutha Sribhoga ([[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh layar 15 dina kanggo tekan Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) saka Mo-lo-yu; mula, bisa diarani yen Mo-Lo-Yu bakal dumunung ing tengah-tengah antarane rong panggonan kasebut.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Ana téori populer sing nggandhèngaké ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' karo [[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi|Jambi]] ing Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi kontradiksi karo katrangané Yi Jing babagan "layar setengah dalan antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Ing jaman [[Wangsa Yuan|Dinasti Yuan]] (1271–1368) lan [[Wangsa Ming|Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), tembung ''Ma-La-Yu'' kerep disebut ing teks-teks sejarah Tiongkok – kanthi owah-owahan ejaan amarga rentang wektu antarane dinasti – kanggo nyebutake sawijining bangsa ing cedhak segara kidul. Antarane istilah-istilah sing digunakake yaiku "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — dilacak saka sumber tinulis saka bhikkhu [[Xuanzang]]) lan Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – kasebut ing prasasti Tanjore. Iki digambarake minangka kerajaan sing nduweni "gunung sing kuwat minangka benteng" sing tiba menyang penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I ing abad kaping 11. Bisa uga ana ing Sumatra, antarane Pannai lan Sriwijaya ([[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} bisa uga ana ing situs arkeologi [[Kabupatèn Muaro Jambi|Muaro Jambi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – sing kasebut déning ahli géografi Arab abad kaping 12 [[Al-Idrisi|Muhammad al-Idrisi]] ing Tabula Rogeriana, pulo iki njlèntrèhaké semenanjung Malaya minangka pulo sing dawa lan nyebut Malai, wewatesan karo Qmer (Khmer) lan dunungé 12 dina layar saka Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (secara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi saka [[Prasasti Padang Roco]] taun 1286 M dening Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah iki ana gandheng cenenge karo kerajaan Dharmasraya. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – kasebut ing babad [[Wangsa Yuan]], nuduhake sawijining bangsa ing Semenanjung Melayu sing ngadhepi ekspansi Kerajaan Sukhothai menyang kidul, nalika jaman pamrentahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik kasebut nyatakake: "''..Ana rasa sengit antarane Siam lan Ma-li-yu-er nganti loro-lorone padha mateni siji lan sijine ...''". Kanggo nanggepi tumindake Sukhothai, utusan Tiongkok menyang kraton Ram Khamhaeng ing taun 1295 nggawa dekrit kekaisaran: "Tetepna janjimu lan aja nindakake piala marang Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – kasebut ing cathetan [[Marco Polo]] minangka kerajaan sing dumunung ing Semenanjung Melayu,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} bisa uga padha karo sing kasebut ing kronik Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kutha Malaya" utawa "bètèng Malaya"), sing ditulis ing [[prasasti Amoghapasa]] sing ditulis taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah iki digunakake dening [[Adityawarman]] kanggo nyebut Dharmasraya. Saran liyané kalebu tembung [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (minangka kriya: mlayu, partisip: buronan), utawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (nyepetake kanthi ajeg), sing nuduhake mobilitas dhuwur lan sifat migrasi wong-wongé. De Barros (1552) nyebutake yen [[Paraméswara|Iskandar Shah]] menehi jeneng ''Malaios'' (wong Melayu) kaya ngono amarga bapakne diusir saka negarane. Albuquerque nerangake yen [[Paraméswara|Parameswara]] mlayu (''malayo'') saka kerajaan Palembang menyang Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Minangka jeneng ètnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Wong Melayu ing Malaka | caption1 = Cat banyu Portugis wong Malaya ing Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, ditampilake ing Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Melayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Melayu, saka ''Reise nach Batavia'', antarane taun 1669 lan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget saka Kesultanan Malaka; akeh aspek budaya Melayu sing asale saka kraton Malaka }} Tembung "Melayu" minangka etnonim, kanggo ngrujuk marang kluster etnologis sing béda banget, dianggep wis dadi populer sajrone integrasi Kesultanan Malaka minangka kakuwatan regional ing abad kaping 15. Iki digunakake kanggo nglaporake babagan keberpihakan sosial wong Malaka tinimbang wong manca ing wilayah sing padha, utamane [[wong Jawa]] lan [[Thai]].{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Iki dibuktèkaké saka dhaptar tembung Melayu awal abad kaping 16 déning Antonio Pigafetta sing gabung karo pelayaran Magellan, sing ngrujuk babagan kepriyé frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Melayu') digunakaké ing maritim [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], kanggo nyebut ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] kanggo "ngomong babagan Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Sastra Melayu klasik nggambarake wong Melayu kanthi makna sing luwih sempit tinimbang interpretasi modern. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (kira-kira taun 1700, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1849) mung nyebutake wong Melayu minangka subjek Kesultanan Malaka; [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], nalika semana, ora dianggep minangka wong Melayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (manuskrip: 1876) contoné, ora nyebut Patani lan Brunéi minangka [[basa Malayu]], istilah kuwi mung digunakaké kanggo [[Johor]]. Kedah boten kalebet basa Melayu ing babad Kedah/Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (kira-kira 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (kira-kira taun 1625, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1675) nggandhengake etnis Melayu karo Johor, nanging mesthi ora karo Aceh utawa Deli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-9166-4 |pages=91–92 |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026|archive-date=31 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160702/https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For the dating of the manuscripts, see [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html|date=9 Agustus 2022}}.</ref> == Asal-usul == [[Barkas:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|Sekelompok wong lanang saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] nganggo sandhangan jinis ''Cekak Musang'', dienggo bareng karo [[songkèt]] (kiwa paling adoh) lan ''[[sarung|kain sarung]]''.]] === Modhél Proto-Melayu === Uga dikenal minangka ''Melayu asli'' (wong Melayu asli) utawa ''Melayu purba'' (wong Melayu kuna), wong Proto-Melayu asale saka Austronésia lan dipercaya wis migrasi menyang Kapuloan Melayu sajrone serangkaian migrasi dawa antarane 2500 lan 1500 SM.{{sfn|Ryan|1976|pp=4–5}} Proto-Melayu sing misuwur saiki yaiku Moken, Jakun, Orang Kuala, Temuan lan Orang Kanaq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orang Asli Population Statistics |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |url= http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233738/http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-date=22 Juli 2011}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History'' ({{lang|id|Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Sejarah Awal}}), wis nudingake total telung teori babagan asal-usul wong Melayu: * Teori Yunnan (diterbitake ing taun 1889) – Teori Proto-Melayu sing asale saka Yunnan kira-kira 4.000 nganti 6.000 taun kepungkur. Téori iki didhukung déning R.H Geldern lan timé sing nduwé téori yèn migrasi wong-wong mau kedadeyan saka Kali Mekong menyang [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Bukti liyané sing ndhukung téori iki kalebu piranti watu sing ditemokaké ing Kepulauan Melayu sing analog karo piranti Asia Tengah, sing nuduhaké kamiripan adat istiadat Melayu lan Assam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Parthipan |first1=Shalini |last2=Mirianti Ishar |first2=Seri |date=2022 |title=Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |journal=Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=86 |via=Journalarticle.ukm.my |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016080144/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * Teori New Guinea/Pelaut (diterbitake ing taun 1965) – Migrasi pelaut kanthi katrampilan oseanografi sing kuwat sing lelungan saka pulo siji menyang pulo liyane antarane [[Niu Sélan]] lan [[Madhagaskar]]. Teori kasebut ngaku yen morfologi wong Melayu nalika semana padha karo Negroid.<ref name=":0" /> * Teori [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] (diterbitake ing taun 1997) – Migrasi sekelompok wong saka Tiongkok Kidul kedadeyan 6.000 taun kepungkur, sawetara pindhah menyang [[Taiwan]] ([[wong pribumi Taiwan|pribumi Taiwan]] saiki minangka keturunane), banjur menyang [[Filipina]] lan mengko menyang [[Kalimantan]] (kurang luwih 4.500 taun kepungkur) ([[Dayak]] saiki lan kelompok liyane). Wong-wong kuna iki uga pisah, ana sing menyang [[Sulawesi]] lan ana sing menyang [[Jawa]], lan [[Sumatra]], sing saiki kabeh nganggo basa-basa sing kalebu kulawarga Basa Austronesia. Migrasi pungkasan kedadeyan ing Semenanjung Malaya kira-kira 3.000 taun kepungkur. Sawijining sub-kelompok saka Kalimantan pindhah menyang Champa ing jaman saiki sing diarani Vietnam Tengah lan Kidul kira-kira 4.500 taun kepungkur. Ana uga jejak migrasi Dong Son lan Hoabinhian saka [[Viètnam]] lan [[Kamboja]]. Kabeh klompok iki nduweni DNA lan asal-usul linguistik sing bisa ditelusuri saka pulo sing saiki diarani Taiwan, lan leluhure wong-wong kuna iki bisa ditelusuri saka Tiongkok kidul.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} ==== Deutero-Melayu ==== [[Barkas:Women from Palembang in Ikat weave, Wanita di Indonesia p29 (Ministry of Information).jpg|thumb|Wanita saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]] nganggo busana tradhisional, sing diarani Baju Kurung sing digawe saka [[Songkèt]]. Klambi iki umume digandhengake karo wanita keturunan Melayu.]] Wong Deutero-Melayu iku wong [[jaman wesi|Jaman Wesi]] sing sebagian turunan saka wong Austronésia sabanjure sing dilengkapi teknik pertanian sing luwih maju lan kawruh anyar babagan logam.{{sfn|Murdock|1969|p=278}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA495 495]}}{{sfn|Anderbeck|2002}} Para pemukim Deutero-Melayu ora nomaden kaya para leluhure: nanging dheweke manggon lan ngadegake kampung-kampung sing dadi unit utama ing masyarakat. Kampung-kampung iki biasane dumunung ing pinggir kali utawa pesisir lan umume bisa nyukupi pangan lan kabutuhan liyane. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 1 SM, kampung-kampung iki wiwit nindakake perdagangan karo jagad njaba.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=39}} Wong Deutero-Melayu dianggep minangka leluhur langsung saka wong Melayu saiki.{{sfn|TED|1999}} ==== Ekspansi saka modhél Sundaland ==== Téori sing luwih anyar nyatakaké yèn tinimbang dipanggoni déning ekspansi saka daratan, populasi Jaman És ing Semenanjung Malaya, Kapuloan Indhonésia sing cedhak, lan landas kontinèntal sing nalika iku katon (Sundaland) malah berkembang sacara lokal saka pemukim manungsa pisanan lan ngembang menyang daratan. Para pendukung téori iki percaya yèn ekspansi iki mènèhi panjelasan sing luwih irit babagan bukti linguistik, arkeologi, lan antropologis tinimbang modhèl sadurungé, mliginé model Taiwan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2006}} Téori iki uga nduwèni dhukungan saka bukti genetik anyar saka Human Genome Organisation sing nuduhaké yèn pedunung utama Asia kedadeyan ing siji migrasi liwat [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]; rute iki dianggep minangka wilayah Melayu modern lan keragaman ing wilayah kasebut berkembang utamane ing panggonan kasebut tanpa mbutuhake migrasi utama saka daratan. Ekspansi kasebut dhewe bisa uga disebabake dening kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es.{{sfn|Abdulla et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Soares, et al.|2008}} Stephen Oppenheimer, pendukung paham iki, luwih lanjut ngajokake teori yen ekspansi bangsa kedadeyan kanthi telung gelombang cepet amarga kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es, lan diaspora iki nyebarake bangsa-bangsa kasebut lan budaya, mitos, lan teknologi sing ana gandhengane ora mung menyang daratan Asia Tenggara, nanging uga nganti India, Timur Tengah, lan Mediterania. Para pengulas nemokake usulan-usulane kanggo pemukiman lan panyebaran asli pantes ditliti luwih lanjut, nanging isih skeptis karo klaim difusionis dheweke.{{sfn|Razak|2012}}{{sfn|Terrell|1999}}{{sfn|Baer|1999}} === Bukti genetik === Wong Melayu iku sawijining klompok ètnis sing manggon ing Asia Kidul-wétan lan Semenanjung Malaya sing nganggo basa Austronésia. Miturut panliten ing taun 2015, wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, [[Singapura]], [[Indhonésia]], lan [[Sri Lanka]] nduweni 4 komponen leluhur utama, kalebu Austronésia (17%–62%), Proto-Melayu (15%–31%), Asia Timur (4%–16%) lan Asia Selatan (3%–34%). Nanging komponen pribumi Austronésia lan Asia Tenggara luwih penting kanggo wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura lan Indhonésia tinimbang Asia Wétan lan Asia Kidul. Kosok baline, wong Melayu saka Sri Lanka nduweni udakara 34% keturunan Asia Kidul ing susunan genetik, sing ndadekake dheweke relatif béda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lian |last2=Hoh |first2=Boon-Peng |last3=Lu |first3=Dongsheng |last4=Saw |first4=Woei-Yuh |display-authors=3 |date=2015 |title=Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep14375 |pmid=26395220 |pmc=4585825 |bibcode=2015NatSR...514375D }}</ref> Panliten ing taun 2021 nyimpulake yen garis keturunan Basal-Asia Timur sing khas (kadhangkala diarani '''East- and Southeast Asian lineage''<nowiki/>' (ESEA)), sing minangka leluhure wong Asia Timur lan Tenggara modern, wong Polinesia, lan wong Siberia, asale saka Daratan Asia Tenggara ing ~50.000 SM, lan berkembang liwat pirang-pirang gelombang migrasi menyang kidul lan lor. Leluhur basal-Asia Wétan, uga leluhur sing ana gandhèngané karo [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]], nyebar menyang Asia Kidul-wétan Maritim sadurungé ekspansi Austronésia. Wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronésia dhewe dikira wis tekan ing [[Taiwan]] lan [[Filipina]] sisih lor antarane 10.000 lan 7.000 SM saka pesisir kidul Tiongkok, lan nyebar saka kana menyang saindenging Asia Tenggara. Para penulis nyimpulake yen ekspansi Austronésia menyang Insular Asia Tenggara lan [[Polinésia]] metu saka Filipina tinimbang Taiwan, lan wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronesia modern, kayata wong Melayu, umume duwe leluhur saka Basal-Asia Timur paling awal, migran Austroasia saka Asia Tenggara Daratan, lan pelaut sing nganggo basa Austronésia saka Filipina, tanpa akeh campuran saka klompok sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=30 Maret 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=118 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512|bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Melinda A. |date=6 Januari 2022 |title=A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia |url=http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |journal=Human Population Genetics and Genomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.47248/hpgg2202010001 |issn=2770-5005 |doi-access=free |access-date=25 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Mèi 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516110501/http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Budaya== === Agama === [[Barkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] ing wayah wengi [[Ramadhan]]. Karajan sugih iki nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Melayu'') minangka filosofi nasional wiwit kamardikane ing taun 1984.]] Komunitas Melayu wiwitan umumé [[animisme|animis]], percaya marang anané ''semangat'' (roh) ing saben bab.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira nalika wiwitan jaman umum, agama [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] dikenalake dening para pedagang Asia Kidul menyang Kepulauan Melayu, ing ngendi agama kasebut berkembang nganti abad kaping 13, sadurunge tekane Islam sing digawa dening para pedagang Muslim Arab, Asia Kidul, lan Tiongkok. Ing abad kaping 15, Islam saka sekte [[Sunni]] ortodoks ngrembaka ing jagad Melayu ing jaman Kesultanan Malaka. Beda karo agama [[Hindhu|Hindu]], sing mung ngowahi masyarakat Melayu awal kanthi dangkal, [[Islam]] bisa diarani wis terintegrasi kanthi lengkap menyang urip saben dinane penduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Wiwit jaman iki, wong Melayu dianggep minangka kelompok etnoreligius lan sacara tradhisional nduweni identifikasi sing cedhak karo Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} lan wiwit kuwi dheweke ora ngganti agama.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas iki kuwat banget nganti diarani dadi Muslim yaiku ''masuk Melayu'' (mlebu keMelayuan).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan mangkono, kapercayan-kapercayan sadurungé sing duwé oyot sing luwih jero, tetep nglawan kutukan Islam - lan pancen mistisisme [[Sufisme]] wis gegandhèngan ing antarane wong Melayu, karo roh-roh saka jagad animisme sadurungé lan sawetara unsur Hindhu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Sawisé taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (uga diarani re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) ing saindenging jagad Muslim, akèh tradhisi sing dianggep nglanggar ajaran Islam lan ngandhut unsur syirik ditinggalaké déning wong Melayu ing Malaysia, déné ing antarane wong Melayu ing Indhonésia, tradhisi kasebut ora dianggep takhayul lan ngandhut unsur syirik. Ing antarane tradhisi kasebut yaiku festival ''mandi'' safar (adus [[Safar]]), festival [[adus]] kanggo nggayuh kasucian spiritual, sing bisa dideleng fitur-fitur sing padha karo sawetara ing Durga Puja ing India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Akèh-akèhé saka ètnis Melayu modern sing penganut Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> lan riyaya Melayu sing paling penting yaiku sing asalé saka Islam - ''[[Idul Fitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Idul Adha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharram|Awal Muharram]]'', lan ''[[Mulud (pahargyan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Wong Melayu sing metu saka Islam ing Malaysia lan Brunéi dianggep murtad. Nanging, ana sawetara etnis Melayu sing manggon ing njaba negara-negara kasebut uga wis nganut agama liya kanthi sah miturut hukum. ===Basa=== [[Barkas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]]. Wis ana wiwit taun 683, iki minangka salah sawijining artefak tulisan Melayu paling tuwa sing isih ana.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Aksara Gundhil}} [[Basa Malayu]] iku salah siji basa sing paling misuwur ing donya, mligine saka kulawarga basa Austronésia. Varian lan dialek [[basa Melayu]] digunakake minangka basa resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], lan [[Singapura]]. Basa iki uga dicaturaké ing [[Thai]]land kidul, [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)|Kapuloan Cocos]], [[Pulo Natal]], lan [[Sri Lanka]]. Basa iki dicaturaké déning kurang luwih 33 yuta wong ing sakubengé Kapuloan Melayu lan digunakaké minangka basa kapindho déning kurang luwih 220 yuta wong.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Wangun basa Malayu paling tuwa asale saka basa Proto-Malayu-Polinésia sing dituturake dening para pemukim Austronésia paling awal ing [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Wangun iki banjur berkembang dadi basa Malayu Kuna nalika budaya lan agama India wiwit nembus wilayah kasebut. Basa Melayu Kuna ngandhut sawetara istilah sing isih ana nganti saiki, nanging tetep ora bisa dimangerteni dening penutur modern, dene basa modern wis umume bisa dikenali ing basa Melayu Klasik tulisan, sing bentuk paling tuwa wiwit taun 1303 Masehi.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Melayu berkembang dadi basa Malayu Klasik liwat mlebune akeh kosakata [[basa Arab|Arab]] lan [[basa Pèrsi|Pèrsi]] kanthi bertahap nalika Islam mlebu ing wilayah kasebut, lan sajrone proses kasebut ana owah-owahan sing signifikan. Wiwitane, basa Melayu Klasik minangka klompok dialek sing maneka warna, sing nggambarake asal-usul kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu ing Asia Kidul-wétan. Salah sawijining dialek iki, sing dikembangake ing tradhisi sastra Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, pungkasane dadi dominan. Jaman Malaka ditandhani karo owah-owahan basa Melayu dadi basa Islam, kaya dene basa Arab, Persia, Urdu, lan Swahili. [[Aksara Arab]] sing diadaptasi sing diarani [[aksara Jawi|Jawi]] digunakake kanggo ngganti [[aksara Kawi]], terminologi agama lan budaya Islam diasimilasi kanthi akeh, mbuwang akeh tembung Hindu-Buddha, lan basa Malayu dadi basa pengantar lan panyebaran Islam ing saindenging wilayah [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Ing puncak kekuasaan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, basa Malayu Klasik nyebar ngluwihi jagad penutur basa Melayu tradhisional<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> lan ngasilake ''[[basantara|lingua franca]]'' sing diarani ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Bazaar Melayu") utawa ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Melayu Endhek"), beda karo ''Bahasa Melayu Tinggi'' ("Melayu Luhur") ing Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Lumrahé, basa Melayu Bazaar iku basa pidgin lan perkembangan sing paling penting yaiku basa pidgin dikreolisasi, sing nggawé sawetara basa anyar kaya ta [[basa Malayu Ambon]], [[basa Malayu Manado|Malayu Manado]], lan [[basa Batawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} Para panulis [[Éropa]] ing abad kaping 17 lan 18, kaya ta Tavernier, Thomassin lan Werndly nggambarake basa Malayu minangka "''basa para wong pinter ing kabeh Hindia, kaya [[basa Latin]] ing Eropa''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} Iki uga sing paling akeh digunakake nalika jaman penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda ing Kepulauan Melayu.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} Kosok baline katon ing Hindia Timur Spanyol, ing ngendi latinisasi massal ing kepulauan kasebut sajrone taun-taun kolonial nyebabake kudeta historis basa Malayu ing Filipina. Dialek Kesultanan Johor, penerus langsung Malaka, dadi basa standar ing antarane wong Melayu ing [[Singapura]] lan [[Malaysia]], lan iki dadi dhasar asli kanggo [[basa Indhonésia]] sing wis distandardisasi.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Saliyané basa Malayu standar, sing dikembangaké ing lingkungan Malaka-Johor, ana uga manéka dialek Melayu lokal. Contone, wong [[basa Bangka|Bangka]], Brunéi, [[basa Melayu Jambi|Jambi]], [[basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Kelantan]], Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, [[basa Palémbang|Palémbang]], [[Basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Pattan]], Sarawak, [[Basa Malayu Trengganu|Terengganu]], lan liya-liyane. Basa Malayu sacara historis ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]], [[aksara Kawi|Kawi]], lan [[aksara Réncong|Réncong]]. Sawisé tekané Islam, [[aksara Jawi]] sing adhedhasar basa Arab diadopsi lan isih digunakaké nganti saiki minangka salah siji saka rong aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan minangka aksara alternatif ing [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Oktober 2012 }}</ref> Wiwit abad kaping 17, minangka akibat saka penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda, aksara Jawi mboko sithik diganti karo aksara Rumi<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> sing adhedhasar Latin sing pungkasane dadi aksara modern resmi kanggo [[basa Malayu]] ing [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], lan [[Indhonésia]], lan aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. === Seni pertunjukan === [[Barkas:Joget Gamelan 1937.jpg|thumb|Pagelaran Joget Gamelan, 1937]] Wong Melayu duwé maneka warna musik lan tari sing minangka gabungan saka macem-macem pengaruh budaya. Genre-genre sing khas wiwit saka tari rakyat Melayu tradhisional kaya ta Mak Yong nganti tari Zapin sing dipengaruhi Arab. Gerakan koreografi uga maneka warna, saka langkah lan melodi sing prasaja ing Dikir barat nganti gerakan sing rumit ing Joget Gamelan. Musik tradhisional Melayu umumé musik perkusi. Maneka warna [[gong]] nyedhiyakake irama kanggo akeh tarian. Ana uga [[drum]] kanthi maneka warna ukuran, wiwit saka ''rebana ubi'' gedhe sing digunakake kanggo nandhani acara penting nganti ''rebana cilik'' (kendhang pigura) sing digunakake minangka iringan kanggo pengajian vokal ing upacara keagamaan.{{sfn|Moore|1998|p=48}} [[Barkas:KITLV - 3676 - Lambert & Co., G.R. - Singapore - Mahjong dance and drama at Penang Island - circa 1903.tif|thumb|left|Sakumpulan penari Melayu Siam sing nampilake Mak Yong (kira-kira abad kaping 19). Ing taun 2005, iki diakoni minangka salah sawijining karya agung warisan lisan lan ora nyata manungsa dening [[UNESCO]].]] Musik nobat dadi bagéan saka Regalia Kraton Melayu wiwit tekané Islam ing abad kaping 12 lan mung ditampilaké ing upacara-upacara penting kraton. Orkestrane kalebu instrumen suci lan dihormati banget yaiku ''nehara'' ([[kendang]]), ''gendang'' (kendang sirah loro), ''nafiri'' (trompet), ''[[serunai]]'' (oboe), lan kadhangkala gong kenop lan sepasang simbal.{{sfn|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1220}} Pengaruh India kuwat banget ing drama bayangan tradisional sing dikenal minangka [[wayang kulit|Wayang Kulit]], ing ngendi crita-crita saka epik [[Hindhu]]; [[Ramayana]] & [[Mahabharata]] dadi repertoar utama. Ana papat jinis teater wayang sing khas sing bisa ditemokake ing Semenanjung Malaya; ''Wayang Gedek'', ''Wayang Purwa'', ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Siam''.{{sfn|Srinivasa|2003|p=296}}{{sfn|Ghulam Sarwar Yousof|1997|p=3}}{{sfn|Matusky|1993|pp=8–11}} Sanajan mangkono, seni lan crita ''Wayang Purwa'' lan ''Wayang Siam'' nuduhake pengaruh regional sing nyawiji karo wong Jawa lan Siam, dene ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Gedek'' nyritakake bentuk lan busana Melayu sing luwih asli. Seni pertunjukan Melayu liyane sing kondhang yaiku; Teater ''[[Bangsawan]]'', ''Dondang Sayang'' seneng balada lan tari ''Mak Inang'' saka Kasultanan Malaka, ''Jikey'' lan ''Mek Mulung'' saka [[Kedah]], tari ''Asyik'' lan drama tari ''Menora'' saka Patani lan [[Kelantan]], Tari ''Ulek mayang'' lan ''Rodat'' saka [[Trengganu]], Teater ''Boria'' saka [[pulo Pinang|Penang]], Tari ''Canggung'' saka Perlis, Lagu-lagu narasi ''Mukun'' saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan [[Sarawak]],{{sfn|Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin|2009}}<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009">{{harvnb|Ahmad Salehuddin|2009}}</ref> lan [[Gending Sriwijaya]] saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], lan ''Serampang Dua Belas'' saka Serdang.<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009"/> Zapin Api firedance saka [[Riau]] lan Dikir barat Singapura saka [[Singapura]]. ==Sub-ètnis== {{Uga deleng|Wong Melayu Malaysia|Wong Melayu Indhonésia}} ==Deleng uga== * [[Donya Melayu]] * [[Omah Melayu]] ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melayu}} [[Kategori:Melayu|*]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia]] {{Featured article}} {{Authority control}} bsyzr4s234t65vbxyhcfwh3qqkcos5n 1751080 1751079 2026-07-02T10:58:34Z ~2026-37770-06 73448 /* Agama */ 1751080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <br/>Wong Melayu<br/>''Orang Melayu''<br/>أورڠ ملايو | image = [[Gambar:Siti Nurhaliza - KLIFF 08.jpg|57px|Siti Nurhaliza]] [[Gambar:Mahathir 2007.jpg|57px|Mahathir Mohammad]] [[Gambar:Muszaphar shukor.jpg|57px|Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/>[[Gambar:Amir Hamzah portrait edit.jpg|51px|Amir Hamzah]] [[Gambar:Raja Ali Haji.jpg|57px|Raja Ali Haji]] [[Gambar:Hamzah Haz.jpg|57px|Hamzah Haz]]<br/>[[Gambar:Siti Nordiana interviewed by MeleTOP.jpg|70px|Siti Nordiana]] | caption = Sakarepe: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] • [[Mahathir Mohammad]] • [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/> Kaloro: [[Amir Hamzah]] • [[Raja Ali Haji]] • [[Hamzah Haz]]<br/> Katelu: [[Siti Nordiana]] | poptime = {{circa}} '''40.000.000 jiwane''' <!-- sum of numbers from each region below --> | region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung mayoritas'''</span> | region6 = '''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]''' | pop6 = 20.749.378 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunéi Darussalam]]''' | pop7 = 501.902 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref7 = {{lower|<ref name="CIA (B)>"{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region8 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung minoritas'''</span> | pop8 = | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]''' | pop9 = 8.789.585 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} | region10 = '''{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]''' | pop10 = 5.354.475 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples|2005}}</ref>}} | region11 = '''{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]''' | pop11 = 1.003.449 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref11 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} | region12 = '''{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipina]]''' | pop12 = 2.000.000 | ref12 = | languages = [[Basa Malayu]], [[Basa Indhonésia]], [[Basa Thai]], [[Basa Arab]], [[Basa Inggris]], lan [[Basa Tamil]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = [[Wong Acèh|Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minang]], [[Wong Kerinci|Kerinci]], [[Wong Tidung|Tidung]], [[Wong Laut|Laut]], [[Wong Betawi|Betawi]] }} [[Gambar:Malay couple.jpg|thumb|300px|Pasangan Melayu nganggo sandhangan tradhisional sawisé upacara ''akad nikah''. Penganten kakung nganggo ''baju melayu'' nganggo ''songkok'' lan ''[[songkèt]]'', dene penganten putri nganggo ''baju kurung'' nganggo ''tudong''.]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34.jpg|thumb|300px|Wadon Melayu ing Kutai diidentifikasi kanthi bentuk bun sing khas (litografi dening C. F. Kelley adhedhasar gambar dening Carl Book, [[1887]])]] '''Wong Melayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Aksara Jawi|Jawi]]: ملايو) minangka klompok suku bangsa [[Austronésia]] utamané ing Semenanjung Malaya, ing saindenging [[Sumatra]], kidul [[Thailand]], pesisir kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Borneo]] pesisir kalebu [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] lan [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]] pesisir, [[Pilipina]] sisih kulon lan sisih kidul, lan pulo-pulo cilik sing ana ing antarané lokasi kasebut — sacara koléktif dikenal minangka "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi iki saiki dadi bagéan saka negara-negara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Malah, akéh komunitas [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]], lan [[Dayak]] sing pindhah menyang pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]] lan pesisir kulon [[Kalimantan]], ngaku wong Melayu. Saliyané ing Nusantara, wong Melayu uga ang ing [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)]] ''(Cocos Malays)'', lan [[Afrika Kidul]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Ana maneka warna basa, budaya, seni, lan sosial sing cukup akeh ing antarane akeh subkelompok Melayu, utamane amarga atusan taun imigrasi lan asimilasi macem-macem etnis lan suku regional ing Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamane keturunan saka suku [[kulawarga basa Austronésia|Austronésia]] lan [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]] sing nganggo [[basa Malayu]] sadurunge sing ngedegake sawetara negara lan kerajaan dagang maritim kuna, utamane [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Kerajaan Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Tekane Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15 micu revolusi gedhe ing sejarah Melayu, sing penting banget dumunung ing warisan politik lan budaya sing jembar. Tandha-tandha definitif umum saka kemelayuan — agama Islam, basa lan tradhisi Melayu — dianggep wis diproklamasikake ing jaman iki, sing ndadékaké etnogenesis wong Melayu minangka klompok etnoreligius utama ing wilayah kasebut. Ing sastra, arsitektur, tradhisi kuliner, sandhangan tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri, lan tradhisi kraton, Malaka netepake standar sing ditiru dening kesultanan Melayu sabanjure. Jaman keemasan kesultanan Melayu ing Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, lan Pesisir Kalimantan nyumurupi akèh pedunungé, mliginé saka manéka warna komunitas suku kaya ta [[Wong Batak|Batak]], [[Dayak]], Wong Asli, lan [[Wong Laut]], sing tundhuk marang Islamisasi lan Invasi Melayu. Sajrone sejarah, istilah "Melayu" wis ditambahi menyang klompok etnis liyane ing "[[Donya Melayu]]"; panggunaan iki saiki umume diwatesi ing Malaysia lan Singapura, ing ngendi keturunan liyane saka klompok etnis iki diarani Anak Dagang ("pedagang") lan umume asale saka [[Indhonésia]] kayata [[wong Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]], [[Wong Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minangkêbo]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]]. == Etimologi == [[Barkas:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|[[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi]] ing [[Jambi]], sacara historis ana hubungane karo [[Kerajaan Melayu]] pra-Islam. Wong Melayu-Sriwijaya dikenal mbangun sistem bangunan sing rumit ing ibukutha, kutha-kutha gedhe, lan pusat kutha sing penting.]] [[Barkas:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Miturut ''[[Sejarah Melayu]]'', bukit iki nyathet munculé Sang Sapurba, leluhur legendaris kanggo macem-macem kulawarga kerajaan Melayu ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]], lan [[Kalimantan]].]] Literatur epik ''[[Sulalatus Salatin|Sajarah Melayu]]'' nggandhengake asal-usul etimologis "Melayu" karo kali cilik sing jenenge Sungai Melayu ('kali Melayu') ing [[Sumatra]], [[Indhonésia]]. Epik kasebut salah nyebutake yen kali kasebut mili menyang [[Kali Musi]] ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], dene sejatine mili menyang Kali Batang Hari ing [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah iki dianggep asale saka tembung Melayu ''melaju'', gabungan saka awalan verbal 'me' lan tembung oyot 'laju', sing tegese "nyepetake", digunakake kanggo njlentrehake arus kali sing deres lan cepet.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Minangka jeneng panggonan (toponim) === Sadurungé abad kaping 15, istilah "Melayu" lan varian sing mèmper katon ditrapaké minangka toponim lawas kanggo wilayah [[Selat Malaka]] sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", diterangake ing bab 48, Vayu Purana minangka salah sawijining provinsi ing segara wétan sing kebak emas lan perak. Sawetara sarjana nyamakake istilah iki karo [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} nanging sawetara sarjana India percaya yen istilah kasebut kudune nuduhake Semenanjung Melayu sing pagunungan, dene Sumatra luwih tepat digandhengake karo Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – lokasi ing Semenanjung Emas, saka karya [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemy]], Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – kasebut déning Yijing, sawijining biksu Buddha Tionghoa saka [[Wangsa Tang|Dinasti Tang]] sing ngunjungi Asia Tenggara ing taun 688–695. Miturut Yijing, karajan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' dumunung ing jarak 15 dina lelayaran saka Bogha (Palembang), ibukutha Sribhoga ([[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh layar 15 dina kanggo tekan Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) saka Mo-lo-yu; mula, bisa diarani yen Mo-Lo-Yu bakal dumunung ing tengah-tengah antarane rong panggonan kasebut.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Ana téori populer sing nggandhèngaké ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' karo [[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi|Jambi]] ing Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi kontradiksi karo katrangané Yi Jing babagan "layar setengah dalan antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Ing jaman [[Wangsa Yuan|Dinasti Yuan]] (1271–1368) lan [[Wangsa Ming|Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), tembung ''Ma-La-Yu'' kerep disebut ing teks-teks sejarah Tiongkok – kanthi owah-owahan ejaan amarga rentang wektu antarane dinasti – kanggo nyebutake sawijining bangsa ing cedhak segara kidul. Antarane istilah-istilah sing digunakake yaiku "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — dilacak saka sumber tinulis saka bhikkhu [[Xuanzang]]) lan Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – kasebut ing prasasti Tanjore. Iki digambarake minangka kerajaan sing nduweni "gunung sing kuwat minangka benteng" sing tiba menyang penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I ing abad kaping 11. Bisa uga ana ing Sumatra, antarane Pannai lan Sriwijaya ([[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} bisa uga ana ing situs arkeologi [[Kabupatèn Muaro Jambi|Muaro Jambi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – sing kasebut déning ahli géografi Arab abad kaping 12 [[Al-Idrisi|Muhammad al-Idrisi]] ing Tabula Rogeriana, pulo iki njlèntrèhaké semenanjung Malaya minangka pulo sing dawa lan nyebut Malai, wewatesan karo Qmer (Khmer) lan dunungé 12 dina layar saka Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (secara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi saka [[Prasasti Padang Roco]] taun 1286 M dening Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah iki ana gandheng cenenge karo kerajaan Dharmasraya. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – kasebut ing babad [[Wangsa Yuan]], nuduhake sawijining bangsa ing Semenanjung Melayu sing ngadhepi ekspansi Kerajaan Sukhothai menyang kidul, nalika jaman pamrentahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik kasebut nyatakake: "''..Ana rasa sengit antarane Siam lan Ma-li-yu-er nganti loro-lorone padha mateni siji lan sijine ...''". Kanggo nanggepi tumindake Sukhothai, utusan Tiongkok menyang kraton Ram Khamhaeng ing taun 1295 nggawa dekrit kekaisaran: "Tetepna janjimu lan aja nindakake piala marang Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – kasebut ing cathetan [[Marco Polo]] minangka kerajaan sing dumunung ing Semenanjung Melayu,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} bisa uga padha karo sing kasebut ing kronik Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kutha Malaya" utawa "bètèng Malaya"), sing ditulis ing [[prasasti Amoghapasa]] sing ditulis taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah iki digunakake dening [[Adityawarman]] kanggo nyebut Dharmasraya. Saran liyané kalebu tembung [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (minangka kriya: mlayu, partisip: buronan), utawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (nyepetake kanthi ajeg), sing nuduhake mobilitas dhuwur lan sifat migrasi wong-wongé. De Barros (1552) nyebutake yen [[Paraméswara|Iskandar Shah]] menehi jeneng ''Malaios'' (wong Melayu) kaya ngono amarga bapakne diusir saka negarane. Albuquerque nerangake yen [[Paraméswara|Parameswara]] mlayu (''malayo'') saka kerajaan Palembang menyang Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Minangka jeneng ètnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Wong Melayu ing Malaka | caption1 = Cat banyu Portugis wong Malaya ing Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, ditampilake ing Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Melayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Melayu, saka ''Reise nach Batavia'', antarane taun 1669 lan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget saka Kesultanan Malaka; akeh aspek budaya Melayu sing asale saka kraton Malaka }} Tembung "Melayu" minangka etnonim, kanggo ngrujuk marang kluster etnologis sing béda banget, dianggep wis dadi populer sajrone integrasi Kesultanan Malaka minangka kakuwatan regional ing abad kaping 15. Iki digunakake kanggo nglaporake babagan keberpihakan sosial wong Malaka tinimbang wong manca ing wilayah sing padha, utamane [[wong Jawa]] lan [[Thai]].{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Iki dibuktèkaké saka dhaptar tembung Melayu awal abad kaping 16 déning Antonio Pigafetta sing gabung karo pelayaran Magellan, sing ngrujuk babagan kepriyé frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Melayu') digunakaké ing maritim [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], kanggo nyebut ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] kanggo "ngomong babagan Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Sastra Melayu klasik nggambarake wong Melayu kanthi makna sing luwih sempit tinimbang interpretasi modern. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (kira-kira taun 1700, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1849) mung nyebutake wong Melayu minangka subjek Kesultanan Malaka; [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], nalika semana, ora dianggep minangka wong Melayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (manuskrip: 1876) contoné, ora nyebut Patani lan Brunéi minangka [[basa Malayu]], istilah kuwi mung digunakaké kanggo [[Johor]]. Kedah boten kalebet basa Melayu ing babad Kedah/Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (kira-kira 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (kira-kira taun 1625, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1675) nggandhengake etnis Melayu karo Johor, nanging mesthi ora karo Aceh utawa Deli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-9166-4 |pages=91–92 |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026|archive-date=31 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160702/https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For the dating of the manuscripts, see [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html|date=9 Agustus 2022}}.</ref> == Asal-usul == [[Barkas:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|Sekelompok wong lanang saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] nganggo sandhangan jinis ''Cekak Musang'', dienggo bareng karo [[songkèt]] (kiwa paling adoh) lan ''[[sarung|kain sarung]]''.]] === Modhél Proto-Melayu === Uga dikenal minangka ''Melayu asli'' (wong Melayu asli) utawa ''Melayu purba'' (wong Melayu kuna), wong Proto-Melayu asale saka Austronésia lan dipercaya wis migrasi menyang Kapuloan Melayu sajrone serangkaian migrasi dawa antarane 2500 lan 1500 SM.{{sfn|Ryan|1976|pp=4–5}} Proto-Melayu sing misuwur saiki yaiku Moken, Jakun, Orang Kuala, Temuan lan Orang Kanaq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orang Asli Population Statistics |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |url= http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233738/http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-date=22 Juli 2011}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History'' ({{lang|id|Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Sejarah Awal}}), wis nudingake total telung teori babagan asal-usul wong Melayu: * Teori Yunnan (diterbitake ing taun 1889) – Teori Proto-Melayu sing asale saka Yunnan kira-kira 4.000 nganti 6.000 taun kepungkur. Téori iki didhukung déning R.H Geldern lan timé sing nduwé téori yèn migrasi wong-wong mau kedadeyan saka Kali Mekong menyang [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Bukti liyané sing ndhukung téori iki kalebu piranti watu sing ditemokaké ing Kepulauan Melayu sing analog karo piranti Asia Tengah, sing nuduhaké kamiripan adat istiadat Melayu lan Assam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Parthipan |first1=Shalini |last2=Mirianti Ishar |first2=Seri |date=2022 |title=Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |journal=Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=86 |via=Journalarticle.ukm.my |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016080144/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * Teori New Guinea/Pelaut (diterbitake ing taun 1965) – Migrasi pelaut kanthi katrampilan oseanografi sing kuwat sing lelungan saka pulo siji menyang pulo liyane antarane [[Niu Sélan]] lan [[Madhagaskar]]. Teori kasebut ngaku yen morfologi wong Melayu nalika semana padha karo Negroid.<ref name=":0" /> * Teori [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] (diterbitake ing taun 1997) – Migrasi sekelompok wong saka Tiongkok Kidul kedadeyan 6.000 taun kepungkur, sawetara pindhah menyang [[Taiwan]] ([[wong pribumi Taiwan|pribumi Taiwan]] saiki minangka keturunane), banjur menyang [[Filipina]] lan mengko menyang [[Kalimantan]] (kurang luwih 4.500 taun kepungkur) ([[Dayak]] saiki lan kelompok liyane). Wong-wong kuna iki uga pisah, ana sing menyang [[Sulawesi]] lan ana sing menyang [[Jawa]], lan [[Sumatra]], sing saiki kabeh nganggo basa-basa sing kalebu kulawarga Basa Austronesia. Migrasi pungkasan kedadeyan ing Semenanjung Malaya kira-kira 3.000 taun kepungkur. Sawijining sub-kelompok saka Kalimantan pindhah menyang Champa ing jaman saiki sing diarani Vietnam Tengah lan Kidul kira-kira 4.500 taun kepungkur. Ana uga jejak migrasi Dong Son lan Hoabinhian saka [[Viètnam]] lan [[Kamboja]]. Kabeh klompok iki nduweni DNA lan asal-usul linguistik sing bisa ditelusuri saka pulo sing saiki diarani Taiwan, lan leluhure wong-wong kuna iki bisa ditelusuri saka Tiongkok kidul.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} ==== Deutero-Melayu ==== [[Barkas:Women from Palembang in Ikat weave, Wanita di Indonesia p29 (Ministry of Information).jpg|thumb|Wanita saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]] nganggo busana tradhisional, sing diarani Baju Kurung sing digawe saka [[Songkèt]]. Klambi iki umume digandhengake karo wanita keturunan Melayu.]] Wong Deutero-Melayu iku wong [[jaman wesi|Jaman Wesi]] sing sebagian turunan saka wong Austronésia sabanjure sing dilengkapi teknik pertanian sing luwih maju lan kawruh anyar babagan logam.{{sfn|Murdock|1969|p=278}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA495 495]}}{{sfn|Anderbeck|2002}} Para pemukim Deutero-Melayu ora nomaden kaya para leluhure: nanging dheweke manggon lan ngadegake kampung-kampung sing dadi unit utama ing masyarakat. Kampung-kampung iki biasane dumunung ing pinggir kali utawa pesisir lan umume bisa nyukupi pangan lan kabutuhan liyane. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 1 SM, kampung-kampung iki wiwit nindakake perdagangan karo jagad njaba.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=39}} Wong Deutero-Melayu dianggep minangka leluhur langsung saka wong Melayu saiki.{{sfn|TED|1999}} ==== Ekspansi saka modhél Sundaland ==== Téori sing luwih anyar nyatakaké yèn tinimbang dipanggoni déning ekspansi saka daratan, populasi Jaman És ing Semenanjung Malaya, Kapuloan Indhonésia sing cedhak, lan landas kontinèntal sing nalika iku katon (Sundaland) malah berkembang sacara lokal saka pemukim manungsa pisanan lan ngembang menyang daratan. Para pendukung téori iki percaya yèn ekspansi iki mènèhi panjelasan sing luwih irit babagan bukti linguistik, arkeologi, lan antropologis tinimbang modhèl sadurungé, mliginé model Taiwan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2006}} Téori iki uga nduwèni dhukungan saka bukti genetik anyar saka Human Genome Organisation sing nuduhaké yèn pedunung utama Asia kedadeyan ing siji migrasi liwat [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]; rute iki dianggep minangka wilayah Melayu modern lan keragaman ing wilayah kasebut berkembang utamane ing panggonan kasebut tanpa mbutuhake migrasi utama saka daratan. Ekspansi kasebut dhewe bisa uga disebabake dening kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es.{{sfn|Abdulla et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Soares, et al.|2008}} Stephen Oppenheimer, pendukung paham iki, luwih lanjut ngajokake teori yen ekspansi bangsa kedadeyan kanthi telung gelombang cepet amarga kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es, lan diaspora iki nyebarake bangsa-bangsa kasebut lan budaya, mitos, lan teknologi sing ana gandhengane ora mung menyang daratan Asia Tenggara, nanging uga nganti India, Timur Tengah, lan Mediterania. Para pengulas nemokake usulan-usulane kanggo pemukiman lan panyebaran asli pantes ditliti luwih lanjut, nanging isih skeptis karo klaim difusionis dheweke.{{sfn|Razak|2012}}{{sfn|Terrell|1999}}{{sfn|Baer|1999}} === Bukti genetik === Wong Melayu iku sawijining klompok ètnis sing manggon ing Asia Kidul-wétan lan Semenanjung Malaya sing nganggo basa Austronésia. Miturut panliten ing taun 2015, wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, [[Singapura]], [[Indhonésia]], lan [[Sri Lanka]] nduweni 4 komponen leluhur utama, kalebu Austronésia (17%–62%), Proto-Melayu (15%–31%), Asia Timur (4%–16%) lan Asia Selatan (3%–34%). Nanging komponen pribumi Austronésia lan Asia Tenggara luwih penting kanggo wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura lan Indhonésia tinimbang Asia Wétan lan Asia Kidul. Kosok baline, wong Melayu saka Sri Lanka nduweni udakara 34% keturunan Asia Kidul ing susunan genetik, sing ndadekake dheweke relatif béda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lian |last2=Hoh |first2=Boon-Peng |last3=Lu |first3=Dongsheng |last4=Saw |first4=Woei-Yuh |display-authors=3 |date=2015 |title=Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep14375 |pmid=26395220 |pmc=4585825 |bibcode=2015NatSR...514375D }}</ref> Panliten ing taun 2021 nyimpulake yen garis keturunan Basal-Asia Timur sing khas (kadhangkala diarani '''East- and Southeast Asian lineage''<nowiki/>' (ESEA)), sing minangka leluhure wong Asia Timur lan Tenggara modern, wong Polinesia, lan wong Siberia, asale saka Daratan Asia Tenggara ing ~50.000 SM, lan berkembang liwat pirang-pirang gelombang migrasi menyang kidul lan lor. Leluhur basal-Asia Wétan, uga leluhur sing ana gandhèngané karo [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]], nyebar menyang Asia Kidul-wétan Maritim sadurungé ekspansi Austronésia. Wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronésia dhewe dikira wis tekan ing [[Taiwan]] lan [[Filipina]] sisih lor antarane 10.000 lan 7.000 SM saka pesisir kidul Tiongkok, lan nyebar saka kana menyang saindenging Asia Tenggara. Para penulis nyimpulake yen ekspansi Austronésia menyang Insular Asia Tenggara lan [[Polinésia]] metu saka Filipina tinimbang Taiwan, lan wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronesia modern, kayata wong Melayu, umume duwe leluhur saka Basal-Asia Timur paling awal, migran Austroasia saka Asia Tenggara Daratan, lan pelaut sing nganggo basa Austronésia saka Filipina, tanpa akeh campuran saka klompok sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=30 Maret 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=118 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512|bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Melinda A. |date=6 Januari 2022 |title=A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia |url=http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |journal=Human Population Genetics and Genomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.47248/hpgg2202010001 |issn=2770-5005 |doi-access=free |access-date=25 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Mèi 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516110501/http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Budaya== === Agama === [[Barkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] ing wayah wengi [[Ramadhan]]. Karajan sugih iki nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Melayu'') minangka filosofi nasional wiwit kamardikane ing taun 1984.]] Komunitas Melayu wiwitan umumé [[animisme|animis]], percaya marang anané ''semangat'' (roh) ing saben bab.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira nalika wiwitan jaman umum, agama [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] dikenalake dening para pedagang Asia Kidul menyang Kepulauan Melayu, ing ngendi agama kasebut berkembang nganti abad kaping 13, sadurunge tekane Islam sing digawa dening para pedagang Muslim Arab, Asia Kidul, lan Tiongkok. Ing abad kaping 15, Islam saka sekte [[Sunni]] ortodoks ngrembaka ing jagad Melayu ing jaman Kesultanan Malaka. Beda karo agama [[Hindhu|Hindu]], sing mung ngowahi masyarakat Melayu awal kanthi dangkal, [[Islam]] bisa diarani wis terintegrasi kanthi lengkap menyang urip saben dinane penduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Wiwit jaman iki, wong Melayu dianggep minangka kelompok etnoreligius lan sacara tradhisional nduweni identifikasi sing cedhak karo Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} lan wiwit kuwi dheweke ora ngganti agama.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas iki kuwat banget nganti diarani dadi Muslim yaiku ''masuk Melayu'' (mlebu keMelayuan).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan mangkono, kapercayan-kapercayan sadurungé sing duwé oyot sing luwih jero, tetep nglawan kutukan Islam - lan pancen mistisisme [[Sufisme]] wis gegandhèngan ing antarane wong Melayu, karo roh-roh saka jagad animisme sadurungé lan sawetara unsur Hindhu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Sawisé taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (uga diarani re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) ing saindenging jagad Muslim, akèh tradhisi sing dianggep nglanggar ajaran Islam lan ngandhut unsur syirik ditinggalaké déning wong Melayu ing Malaysia, déné ing antarane wong Melayu ing Indhonésia, tradhisi kasebut ora dianggep takhayul lan ngandhut unsur syirik. Ing antarane tradhisi kasebut yaiku festival ''mandi'' safar (adus [[Safar]]), festival [[adus]] kanggo nggayuh kasucian spiritual, sing bisa dideleng fitur-fitur sing padha karo sawetara ing Durga Puja ing India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Akèh-akèhé saka ètnis Melayu modern sing penganut Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> lan riyaya Melayu sing paling penting yaiku sing asalé saka Islam - ''[[Idul Fitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Idul Adha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharram|Awal Muharram]]'', lan ''[[Mulud (pahargyan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Wong Melayu sing metu saka Islam ing Malaysia lan Brunéi dianggep murtad. Nanging, ana sawetara etnis Melayu sing manggon ing njaba negara-negara kasebut uga wis nganut agama liya kanthi sah miturut hukum. === Arsitèktur === {{See also|Omah Melayu}} [[Gambar:Rumah kedah.gif|thumb|350px|Omah tradhisional Melayu ing [[Kedah]], dihias nganggo panel ukiran khas [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Melayu]] sisih lor.]] [[Omah Melayu]] nuduhake papan panggonan vernakular wong Melayu, sawijining klompok etno-linguistik sing manggon ing [[Sumatra]], pesisir [[Kalimantan]], lan [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Wangun arsitèktur tradhisional, kaya ta atap sing cocog karo gaya tropis lan proporsi sing harmonis kanthi unsur dekoratif dianggep isih nduweni nilai budaya sing gedhe dening akeh wong ing wilayah kasebut. Nanging, bangunan-bangunan iki mbutuhake perawatan sing signifikan dibandhingake karo konstruksi modern; kayata tantangan kanggo njaga bahan utama, kayu, saka efek bosok cuaca tropis uga serangan [[rayap]]. Katrampilan konstruksi vernakular iki saya ilang amarga [[Malaysia]] nerusake proses industrialisasi, dene ing [[Indhonésia]] omah-omah tradhisional kaya ngono isih lestari ing wilayah pedesaan. Senajan transformasi urban ing [[Singapura]] wis ngilangi meh kabeh wilayah urban Melayu, sawetara omah sing nampilake arsitèktur vernakular iki isih lestari, utamane ana ing pulo lepas pantai Pulau Ubin.{{Citation needed|date=Dhésèmber 2022}} Upaya kanggo [[arsitèktur Indonésia|nglestarikake gaya arsitektur asli]] [[Pratélan pulo ing Indonésia|kepulauan Indonesia]] wis ditindakake liwat dokumentasi lan replika kreasi ing paviliun [[panagaraning Indhonésiyah|provinsi]] ing [[Taman Mini Indonésia Indah]], [[Jakarta]]. ===Basa=== [[Barkas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]]. Wis ana wiwit taun 683, iki minangka salah sawijining artefak tulisan Melayu paling tuwa sing isih ana.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Aksara Gundhil}} [[Basa Malayu]] iku salah siji basa sing paling misuwur ing donya, mligine saka kulawarga basa Austronésia. Varian lan dialek [[basa Melayu]] digunakake minangka basa resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], lan [[Singapura]]. Basa iki uga dicaturaké ing [[Thai]]land kidul, [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)|Kapuloan Cocos]], [[Pulo Natal]], lan [[Sri Lanka]]. Basa iki dicaturaké déning kurang luwih 33 yuta wong ing sakubengé Kapuloan Melayu lan digunakaké minangka basa kapindho déning kurang luwih 220 yuta wong.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Wangun basa Malayu paling tuwa asale saka basa Proto-Malayu-Polinésia sing dituturake dening para pemukim Austronésia paling awal ing [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Wangun iki banjur berkembang dadi basa Malayu Kuna nalika budaya lan agama India wiwit nembus wilayah kasebut. Basa Melayu Kuna ngandhut sawetara istilah sing isih ana nganti saiki, nanging tetep ora bisa dimangerteni dening penutur modern, dene basa modern wis umume bisa dikenali ing basa Melayu Klasik tulisan, sing bentuk paling tuwa wiwit taun 1303 Masehi.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Melayu berkembang dadi basa Malayu Klasik liwat mlebune akeh kosakata [[basa Arab|Arab]] lan [[basa Pèrsi|Pèrsi]] kanthi bertahap nalika Islam mlebu ing wilayah kasebut, lan sajrone proses kasebut ana owah-owahan sing signifikan. Wiwitane, basa Melayu Klasik minangka klompok dialek sing maneka warna, sing nggambarake asal-usul kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu ing Asia Kidul-wétan. Salah sawijining dialek iki, sing dikembangake ing tradhisi sastra Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, pungkasane dadi dominan. Jaman Malaka ditandhani karo owah-owahan basa Melayu dadi basa Islam, kaya dene basa Arab, Persia, Urdu, lan Swahili. [[Aksara Arab]] sing diadaptasi sing diarani [[aksara Jawi|Jawi]] digunakake kanggo ngganti [[aksara Kawi]], terminologi agama lan budaya Islam diasimilasi kanthi akeh, mbuwang akeh tembung Hindu-Buddha, lan basa Malayu dadi basa pengantar lan panyebaran Islam ing saindenging wilayah [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Ing puncak kekuasaan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, basa Malayu Klasik nyebar ngluwihi jagad penutur basa Melayu tradhisional<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> lan ngasilake ''[[basantara|lingua franca]]'' sing diarani ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Bazaar Melayu") utawa ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Melayu Endhek"), beda karo ''Bahasa Melayu Tinggi'' ("Melayu Luhur") ing Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Lumrahé, basa Melayu Bazaar iku basa pidgin lan perkembangan sing paling penting yaiku basa pidgin dikreolisasi, sing nggawé sawetara basa anyar kaya ta [[basa Malayu Ambon]], [[basa Malayu Manado|Malayu Manado]], lan [[basa Batawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} Para panulis [[Éropa]] ing abad kaping 17 lan 18, kaya ta Tavernier, Thomassin lan Werndly nggambarake basa Malayu minangka "''basa para wong pinter ing kabeh Hindia, kaya [[basa Latin]] ing Eropa''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} Iki uga sing paling akeh digunakake nalika jaman penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda ing Kepulauan Melayu.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} Kosok baline katon ing Hindia Timur Spanyol, ing ngendi latinisasi massal ing kepulauan kasebut sajrone taun-taun kolonial nyebabake kudeta historis basa Malayu ing Filipina. Dialek Kesultanan Johor, penerus langsung Malaka, dadi basa standar ing antarane wong Melayu ing [[Singapura]] lan [[Malaysia]], lan iki dadi dhasar asli kanggo [[basa Indhonésia]] sing wis distandardisasi.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Saliyané basa Malayu standar, sing dikembangaké ing lingkungan Malaka-Johor, ana uga manéka dialek Melayu lokal. Contone, wong [[basa Bangka|Bangka]], Brunéi, [[basa Melayu Jambi|Jambi]], [[basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Kelantan]], Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, [[basa Palémbang|Palémbang]], [[Basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Pattan]], Sarawak, [[Basa Malayu Trengganu|Terengganu]], lan liya-liyane. Basa Malayu sacara historis ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]], [[aksara Kawi|Kawi]], lan [[aksara Réncong|Réncong]]. Sawisé tekané Islam, [[aksara Jawi]] sing adhedhasar basa Arab diadopsi lan isih digunakaké nganti saiki minangka salah siji saka rong aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan minangka aksara alternatif ing [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Oktober 2012 }}</ref> Wiwit abad kaping 17, minangka akibat saka penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda, aksara Jawi mboko sithik diganti karo aksara Rumi<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> sing adhedhasar Latin sing pungkasane dadi aksara modern resmi kanggo [[basa Malayu]] ing [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], lan [[Indhonésia]], lan aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. === Seni pertunjukan === [[Barkas:Joget Gamelan 1937.jpg|thumb|Pagelaran Joget Gamelan, 1937]] Wong Melayu duwé maneka warna musik lan tari sing minangka gabungan saka macem-macem pengaruh budaya. Genre-genre sing khas wiwit saka tari rakyat Melayu tradhisional kaya ta Mak Yong nganti tari Zapin sing dipengaruhi Arab. Gerakan koreografi uga maneka warna, saka langkah lan melodi sing prasaja ing Dikir barat nganti gerakan sing rumit ing Joget Gamelan. Musik tradhisional Melayu umumé musik perkusi. Maneka warna [[gong]] nyedhiyakake irama kanggo akeh tarian. Ana uga [[drum]] kanthi maneka warna ukuran, wiwit saka ''rebana ubi'' gedhe sing digunakake kanggo nandhani acara penting nganti ''rebana cilik'' (kendhang pigura) sing digunakake minangka iringan kanggo pengajian vokal ing upacara keagamaan.{{sfn|Moore|1998|p=48}} [[Barkas:KITLV - 3676 - Lambert & Co., G.R. - Singapore - Mahjong dance and drama at Penang Island - circa 1903.tif|thumb|left|Sakumpulan penari Melayu Siam sing nampilake Mak Yong (kira-kira abad kaping 19). Ing taun 2005, iki diakoni minangka salah sawijining karya agung warisan lisan lan ora nyata manungsa dening [[UNESCO]].]] Musik nobat dadi bagéan saka Regalia Kraton Melayu wiwit tekané Islam ing abad kaping 12 lan mung ditampilaké ing upacara-upacara penting kraton. Orkestrane kalebu instrumen suci lan dihormati banget yaiku ''nehara'' ([[kendang]]), ''gendang'' (kendang sirah loro), ''nafiri'' (trompet), ''[[serunai]]'' (oboe), lan kadhangkala gong kenop lan sepasang simbal.{{sfn|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1220}} Pengaruh India kuwat banget ing drama bayangan tradisional sing dikenal minangka [[wayang kulit|Wayang Kulit]], ing ngendi crita-crita saka epik [[Hindhu]]; [[Ramayana]] & [[Mahabharata]] dadi repertoar utama. Ana papat jinis teater wayang sing khas sing bisa ditemokake ing Semenanjung Malaya; ''Wayang Gedek'', ''Wayang Purwa'', ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Siam''.{{sfn|Srinivasa|2003|p=296}}{{sfn|Ghulam Sarwar Yousof|1997|p=3}}{{sfn|Matusky|1993|pp=8–11}} Sanajan mangkono, seni lan crita ''Wayang Purwa'' lan ''Wayang Siam'' nuduhake pengaruh regional sing nyawiji karo wong Jawa lan Siam, dene ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Gedek'' nyritakake bentuk lan busana Melayu sing luwih asli. Seni pertunjukan Melayu liyane sing kondhang yaiku; Teater ''[[Bangsawan]]'', ''Dondang Sayang'' seneng balada lan tari ''Mak Inang'' saka Kasultanan Malaka, ''Jikey'' lan ''Mek Mulung'' saka [[Kedah]], tari ''Asyik'' lan drama tari ''Menora'' saka Patani lan [[Kelantan]], Tari ''Ulek mayang'' lan ''Rodat'' saka [[Trengganu]], Teater ''Boria'' saka [[pulo Pinang|Penang]], Tari ''Canggung'' saka Perlis, Lagu-lagu narasi ''Mukun'' saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan [[Sarawak]],{{sfn|Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin|2009}}<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009">{{harvnb|Ahmad Salehuddin|2009}}</ref> lan [[Gending Sriwijaya]] saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], lan ''Serampang Dua Belas'' saka Serdang.<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009"/> Zapin Api firedance saka [[Riau]] lan Dikir barat Singapura saka [[Singapura]]. ==Sub-ètnis== {{Uga deleng|Wong Melayu Malaysia|Wong Melayu Indhonésia}} ==Deleng uga== * [[Donya Melayu]] * [[Omah Melayu]] ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melayu}} [[Kategori:Melayu|*]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia]] {{Featured article}} {{Authority control}} 1wxbs19nihcq5nyo5uwf1a9ultzjzol 4 165026 1751056 1750996 2026-07-02T00:30:27Z LabdajiwaBot 42498 Bot: Ngarsipaké 2 lembar (luwih lawas tinimbang 30 dina) ing [[Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip 2026]] 1751056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Pambuka}} <div style="display: none;"> {{Naraguna:LabdajiwaBot/konfig arsip |archive = Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip %(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 0 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 }} </div> == Books & Bytes – Issue 74 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 74, March–April 2026 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * New partnership: Swissdox * User survey results <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/March-April 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 2 Juni 2026 10.35 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=30576650 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Enterprise telah meningkatkan batas penggunaan gratis layanan API yang ditawarkannya. Batas permintaan bulanan untuk API Berdasarkan Permintaan (''On-Demand API'') meningkat dari 5.000 menjadi 50.000 permintaan, sedangkan batas untuk API Salinan Data (''Snapshot API'') meningkat dari 15 menjadi 30 permintaan per bulan. Selain itu, salinan data Konten Terstruktur (''Structured Contents snapshot'') kini juga tersedia bagi akun gratis. Perubahan ini memperluas akses terhadap data Wikimedia Enterprise bagi pengembang, peneliti, dan organisasi yang memanfaatkan konten Wikimedia. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Umpan Jelajah (''Explore Feed'') yang telah diperbarui]] dan kini bernama Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') mulai diluncurkan kepada 50% pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android. Umpan Beranda membantu pembaca menemukan konten yang relevan melalui dua tab baru, yaitu Komunitas (''Community'') dan Untuk Anda (''For You''). Tab Komunitas menyediakan aliran konten yang dapat digulir berisi materi pilihan dan pembaruan dari komunitas dan gerakan Wikimedia secara luas. Sementara itu, tab Untuk Anda menawarkan pengalaman layar penuh yang dapat dijelajahi dengan menggeser layar, menampilkan konten yang disesuaikan dengan minat pengguna. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan kemudahan menemukan informasi serta memperkaya pengalaman belajar di aplikasi Wikipedia. * Permainan kuis harian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Mana yang lebih dulu?]] (''Which came first?'') kini tersedia dalam versi beta aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki. Permainan ini memanfaatkan peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah dari konten Wikipedia "Pada Hari Ini" dan menantang pembaca untuk menebak peristiwa mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu di antara dua pilihan yang diberikan. Sebelumnya, permainan ini telah dirilis untuk Android. Komunitas yang ingin menghadirkan permainan tersebut dalam bahasa mereka dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|membaca petunjuk dan persyaratan yang tersedia]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]], fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali referensi yang sama dengan penjelas yang berbeda, akan mulai diluncurkan ke wiki Wikimedia setelah sukses melewati tahap uji coba. Penerapan akan dimulai pada 8 Juni untuk sebagian besar [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|wiki Kelompok 1]] dan Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, kemudian diperluas ke edisi Wikipedia dalam bahasa lain selama beberapa bulan mendatang. Komunitas dianjurkan untuk melakukan persiapan dengan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate memeriksa apakah masih ada pesan ekstensi Cite yang belum diterjemahkan] ke dalam bahasa mereka, dan meninjau penggunaan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] yang mungkin memerlukan [[:phab:T416304#11668731|pembaruan]] agar mendukung fungsi baru tersebut. Wiki yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun. Komunitas juga dapat mempertimbangkan untuk membuat [[Special:TrackingCategories|kategori pelacakan]] ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' sebagai kategori tersembunyi menggunakan <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (atau templat khusus), lalu menghubungkannya dengan butir Wikidata yang sesuai, yaitu [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Eksperimen Pratayang Halaman (''Page Previews'')]] di Wikipedia versi web seluler telah berakhir. Tim memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas setelah hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa fitur ini tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap tingkat retensi pembaca, yang merupakan metrik keberhasilan utama. Pratayan Halaman, yang saat ini sudah tersedia pada versi desktop dan aplikasi, menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala menuju artikel lengkap ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Eksperimen ini menguji pengalaman tersebut pada versi web seluler di enam Wikipedia. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|Pustaka ikon antarmuka pengguna]] akan [[phab:T399175|diperbarui pada pekan ini atau pekan depan]]. Sebagian besar dari sekitar 300 ikon yang ada telah mengalami penyempurnaan kecil, dan sekitar 30 ikon baru telah ditambahkan. Perubahan ini bertujuan menjadikan ikon lebih konsisten, lebih mudah dipahami, serta memiliki keseimbangan visual yang lebih baik ketika digunakan secara berkelompok. * Antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Pemilih Bahasa Universal]] (''Universal Language Selector'' atau ULS) di MediaWiki, yang membantu pengguna memilih konten dalam bahasa lain, telah diperbarui. Versi terbaru ini menghadirkan peningkatan kecepatan dan aksesibilitas. Pengguna proyek Wikimedia kini juga dapat menyematkan bahasa tertentu agar proses berpindah bahasa menjadi lebih cepat. Penerapan ke situs-situs Wikimedia akan dilakukan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu ke depan. Fitur ini sudah dapat diuji sebagai [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] melalui pengaturan preferensi profil, dan masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada dasbor Pageviews Analysis di pageviews.wmcloud.org, yang menyebabkan data grafik berhenti diperbarui sejak Mei 2026 dan memengaruhi seluruh pengguna, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tanda tangan fungsi (''function signature'') untuk <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> kini telah disederhanakan. Pengembang sekarang dapat memberikan sebuah objek konfigurasi sebagai parameter, menggantikan daftar parameter posisi yang sebelumnya digunakan saat membuat pranala portlet. Format lama tetap didukung demi menjaga kompatibilitas dengan skrip yang sudah ada. Sebagai contoh, alih-alih menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi>, pengembang kini dapat menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Para pemelihara skrip dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> yang sudah ada dan memperbaruinya bila diperlukan. Perubahan ini akan tersedia di seluruh wiki mulai 11 Juni. Terima kasih kepada sukarelawan komunitas Gerges yang telah berkontribusi dalam pengembangan peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Diskusi Daftar Harapan Komunitas:''' Tim Produk dan Teknologi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|memperkenalkan sejumlah perubahan]] yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan kompleksitas usulan komunitas yang dapat diwujudkan, termasuk pembubaran tim Teknis Komunitas. Saat ini sedang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|berlangsung diskusi]] dengan anggota komunitas mengenai [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|arah baru yang diusulkan untuk program daftar harapan tersebut]]. Topik yang dibahas mencakup cara menyusun pemungutan suara tahunan, peningkatan pelacakan usulan, penghapusan fokus area tertentu, serta pembaruan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|penugasan staf]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Juni 2026 21.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue V, May 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: May Global GLAM Call Recording and June Call Announcement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating #1Lib1Ref Australasia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM Connection: Fashion, History, and Biodiversity in May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: New Wikimedian in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Connecting the Arctic and Sicily through Wikimedia Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How the cultural, governmental, educational, and museum sectors contributed in unison to Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Setting up your own platform (part 1): from wish to the creation of a wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ESEAP Conference 2026 and the NZBSI WiR update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Shares GLAM Experience at International Conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Partnerships, Participation, and Open Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: May in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: El Prado en femenino III * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum for Communication, Panel IMD, Wikipedia Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Early Qurans on the front page of Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: New tools for multilingual audio, video and metadata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Juni 2026 21.21 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30636889 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penjelajahan Gambar]] (''Image Browsing'') pada versi web seluler di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini menampilkan korsel gambar di bagian atas artikel yang memiliki tiga gambar atau lebih. Para penyunting dapat mengatur fitur ini melalui beberapa kontrol yang tersedia. Untuk menyembunyikan gambar tertentu dari suatu halaman, gunakan <code>class=notpageimage</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak ditampilkan dalam pratinjau keluku, atau gunakan <code>class=noviewer</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak tersedia di MediaViewer. Korsel gambar juga dapat dinonaktifkan sepenuhnya pada suatu halaman dengan menggunakan kata magis <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. Untuk memberikan masukan atau melaporkan galat, silakan kunjungi [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Tabel wiki]] (''wikitable'') kini dapat langsung [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|diurutkan dalam urutan menurun]] pada klik pertama dengan menambahkan <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> pada sel tajuk. Sebelumnya, secara bawaan, klik pertama pada tajuk kolom akan mengurutkan data dalam urutan menaik. Penambahan ini memberikan kendali dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar dalam pengaturan tabel, sementara perilaku bawaan untuk klik berikutnya tetap tidak berubah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] (''Article guidance'') saat ini sedang diuji coba kepada sebagian penyunting yang membuat artikel baru di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana, Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki. Dalam waktu dekat, uji coba juga akan dimulai di Wikipedia bahasa Arab dan Wikipedia bahasa Bengali. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|Fitur ini]] menyediakan panduan yang disusun dan dikurasi oleh komunitas untuk membantu penyunting membuat artikel yang sesuai dengan standar komunitas setempat. Para penyunting berpengalaman dapat terus membuat atau menyesuaikan kerangka artikel untuk jenis-jenis artikel tertentu yang umumnya dibuat oleh kontributor yang lebih baru. Kerangka tersebut berfungsi sebagai panduan agar penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman dapat menghasilkan artikel berkualitas tinggi. Panduan singkat mengenai markah yang digunakan dalam kerangka artikel tersedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|halaman ini]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Contoh kerangka]] yang dapat disesuaikan beserta petunjuk penyesuaiannya juga tersedia pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|bagian terkait]] di halaman proyek tersebut. * Wiki yang ingin mengganti tombol "indefinitely" pada halaman Special:Block untuk akun sementara (misalnya wiki yang hanya memblokir pengguna sementara hingga masa berlaku akun berakhir) kini dapat melakukannya dengan membuat halaman [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] dan menentukan durasi pemblokiran yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:41}} {{PLURAL:41|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir Juni, pengunduhan data arsip (''dump data'') secara otomatis dari situs dumps.wikimedia.org akan mewajibkan penggunaan untaian ''user-agent'' yang sahih. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan ''user-agent'' umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Kebijakan ini merupakan [[phab:T400119|perluasan dari penegakan]] [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan ''user-agent'']] yang telah lama berlaku. Akses terhadap arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Cloud Services'') tidak akan mengalami perubahan. * Penerapan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|batas laju API]] global kini telah selesai sepenuhnya. Batas tersebut sudah diberlakukan pada seluruh API sesuai tingkat yang telah didokumentasikan untuk setiap kelompok pengguna. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge atau Wikimedia Cloud Services (WMCS), maupun bot yang memiliki hak pengguna bot pada wiki mana pun, tetap dikecualikan dari pembatasan ini. Seluruh bot tetap dianjurkan mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah didokumentasikan untuk menghindari pembatasan laju permintaan. * [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wiki Portal API] akan beralih ke mode hanya-baca mulai pekan ini (15–18 Juni). Pada pekan berikutnya (22–25 Juni), seluruh URL API Portal akan dialihkan ke dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs di mediaWiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek tersebut]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pada 17 Juni pukul 18.00 UTC, Wikimedia Foundation akan menyelenggarakan panggilan Discord yang berfokus pada proses tinjauan kode (''code review''). Berdasarkan hasil [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Survei Kepuasan Pengembang]], banyak sukarelawan menyampaikan bahwa mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam proses tinjauan kode. Melalui diskusi ini, Wikimedia Foundation berharap dapat memahami pengalaman tersebut dan menemukan solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Siapa pun yang berminat dapat bergabung [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 melalui peladen Discord Komunitas Wikimedia]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Konferensi Wikimedia Amerika Latin]] akan menyelenggarakan sebuah ''hackathon'' regional yang mempertemukan komunitas teknis gerakan Wikimedia, termasuk pengembang, pengurus sistem, ilmuwan data, dan pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan. Kontributor teknis yang berminat dapat [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform mengajukan beasiswa] partisipasi hingga 21 Juni pukul 00.00 waktu Bolivia (UTC−4). * Pendaftaran Tantangan Tim Wikimania kini telah dibuka. Kegiatan khusus ini akan berlangsung secara daring maupun luring pada 21–22 Juli, menjelang konferensi Wikimania. Semua orang dipersilakan untuk berpartisipasi, tanpa memandang tingkat keterampilan ataupun status pendaftaran Wikimania. Setiap tim akan bekerja sama menyelesaikan sepuluh tantangan penting yang mendukung komunitas Wikimedia. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|halaman Tantangan Tim]] dan [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ mendaftar di sana]. Pendaftaran akan ditutup pada 20 Juni pukul 23.00 UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Juni 2026 16.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 June 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * From the editors: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/From the editors|Ways for beginners to support ''The Signpost'' community journalism]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/News and notes|Community Tech development team disbanded]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Disinformation report|PR for the people?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Recent research|Proposed tagging system for AI involvement; successful and unsuccessful AI tools for contributors]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In the media|Who won a 14th century battle and who won the 2026 Iran war?]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Community view|Putting the Wish into the Wishlist]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In focus|A global standard for Neutral Point of View]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/On the bright side|Flowers, blue helmets, reefs, pride, and Juneteenth]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Op-ed|Breathe, Don’t Panic, there is a different story about Wikimedia + AI futures]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Opinion|Wikimedia Foundation staff develop union and Wikimedia user community reacts]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Technology report|Community Tech team is disbanded, controversy erupts]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Traffic report|'Cause this is thriller, thriller night]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/WikiConference report|Report of Volunteer Supporters Network Annual Meeting 2026]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Comix|Take your turn]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Humour|Group of banned T-shirt makers comes out of hiding to sell new Wikipedia-themed merchandise]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 21 Juni 2026 03.21 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Bri@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30604303 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]] [[phab:T418115|kini telah tersedia di Wikidata]]. Pembaruan ini memungkinkan akses ke fitur Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|jika telah diatur]]), modul Dampak, Panel Bantuan, dan Beranda Pendatang Baru yang disederhanakan (tanpa fitur Suntingan yang Disarankan). Para pengurus Wikidata saat ini masih mengatur fitur-fitur tersebut melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman khusus [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] telah dibuat. Halaman ini memungkinkan pengguna menemukan rentang alamat IP tanpa perlu mengandalkan perkakas eksternal. Sebelumnya, perkakas ini hanya tersedia bagi pengguna dengan hak Pemeriksa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]] merupakan fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali suatu rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda-beda. Fitur ini akan diterapkan pada sebagian besar Wikipedia bahasa berukuran kecil dan menengah pada 23 Juni. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|Halaman Tanya Jawab]] (FAQ) memuat berbagai langkah yang dapat dilakukan di wiki Anda untuk mendukung penerapan tersebut. [[:phab:T414094|Rencana peluncuran]] juga tersedia untuk melihat tahapan penerapan berikutnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Mulai pekan depan, pengguna akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika mereka diblokir atau dicabut pemblokirannya dari penyuntingan, atau apabila terdapat perubahan terhadap pemblokiran tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan depan, penyaring penyalahgunaan yang diatur untuk "memerlukan verifikasi CAPTCHA" juga akan berlaku bagi pengguna yang memiliki hak <code>skipcaptcha</code>, termasuk sebagian besar pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi secara otomatis (''autoconfirmed''). Bot dikecualikan dari perubahan ini. Perubahan tersebut hanya memengaruhi suntingan yang memicu suatu penyaring penyalahgunaan. Hak <code>skipcaptcha</code> tetap akan membebaskan pengguna dari keharusan menyelesaikan CAPTCHA dalam penggunaan wiki sehari-hari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Dokumentasi rujukan untuk [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] telah dipindahkan dari Portal API ke [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox] yang bersifat interaktif. * Wiki Portal API kini telah ditutup. Untuk dokumentasi API, silakan merujuk ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|API Wikimedia di MediaWiki]]. Seluruh URL wiki Portal API (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) akan dialihkan ke halaman mediawiki.org mulai 22 Juni. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Bergabunglah dalam pertemuan daring pada 25 Juni pukul 14.30 UTC untuk berkenalan dengan para pemagang Wikimedia saat ini dalam program [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] dan [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Para peserta magang akan memberikan gambaran umum mengenai proyek yang mereka kerjakan dan pemaparan singkat tentang hasil pekerjaan mereka sejauh ini. Para peserta yang hadir juga didorong untuk [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|berbagi gagasan dan menjalin koneksi dengan komunitas masing-masing]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 13.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|parembugan]])</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 17.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Penerapan halaman kontak Legal dan Keamanan di bagian bawah wiki Anda</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Kontak Legal dan Keamanan''' Halo, rekan-rekan kontributor! Wikimedia Foundation telah menyediakan [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|halaman kontak legal dan keamanan]] yang akan ditambahkan di bagian bawah wiki. Halaman tersebut sudah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris, Italia, Jerman, Spanyol, dan sebagainya. Untuk bahasa lainnya akan segera tersedia. Silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|halaman proyek]] untuk informasi selengkapnya, serta kami harapkan kesediaannya untuk meninggalkan komentar di bawah ini atau di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|halaman pembicaraan]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 25 Juni 2026 13.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == This Month in Education: June 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 6 • June 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement|Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026|Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries|Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education|Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite|Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo|Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives|Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana|Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina|"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities|Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026|Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program|From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter|EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography|Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes|Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda|Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 28 Juni 2026 04.15 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30725833 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Eksperimen Pembuatan Akun]], tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') menguji penambahan ikon akun pengguna pada tajuk versi web seluler bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log. Ikon tersebut menyediakan akses langsung ke opsi "Buat akun" dan "Masuk log". Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ini meningkatkan pembuatan akun sekitar 20% tanpa berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas suntingan atau tingkat suntingan yang bersifat konstruktif. Fitur ini akan mulai diterapkan di seluruh wiki Wikimedia Foundation pada versi web seluler pada minggu pertama bulan Juli. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * Setelah melalui [[phab:T426248|uji coba yang berhasil]], pengguna yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surelnya]] saat akun dibuat kini akan melihat sebuah spanduk baru yang mengingatkan mereka untuk menyelesaikan proses tersebut. Langkah ini membantu mengurangi risiko pengguna kehilangan akses ke akun mereka, dan meningkatkan keandalan alamat surel yang terhubung dengan akun. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * Pembaruan pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] menyempurnakan cara kerja <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> ketika digunakan untuk mengecualikan hasil pencarian. Sebelumnya, penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> dengan negasi dapat secara tidak sengaja memperluas hasil pencarian dengan menambahkan ruang nama yang termasuk dalam cakupan pencarian, sehingga perilakunya membingungkan bagi pengguna yang mengharapkan penyaring pengecualian yang sederhana. Melalui pembaruan ini, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> kini hanya akan mengecualikan judul halaman yang sesuai sebagaimana mestinya, dan dapat menampilkan peringatan apabila ruang nama yang relevan belum dipilih secara eksplisit. Sementara itu, perilaku <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> tanpa negasi tetap tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan peninjau yang menggunakan bilah alat Kurasi Halaman (''Page Curation'') tidak secara otomatis berlangganan diskusi halaman pembicaraan yang mereka mulai kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, peninjau akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika seseorang membalas diskusi tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai 29 Juni, unduhan otomatis dari situs web dumps.wikimedia.org akan mengikuti [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan agen pengguna]]. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan agen pengguna umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Akses ke arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia tidak akan terpengaruh. Perubahan ini merupakan tindak lanjut dari pengumuman yang disampaikan pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Berita Teknis edisi 2026/25]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juni 2026 11.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> 32tiuz5hdy0jb6oht4wfu6w3lcqxsha 0 169800 1751043 1599719 2026-07-01T14:58:06Z ~2026-24914-21 73178 1751043 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunagara''' ing Kartasura ya iku putra pambarep Sunan [[Amangkurat IV]] saka garwa pangrêmbe nama Mas Ayu Sumanarsa kang banjur kajunjung sêsêbutan Radèn Ayu Kilèn, utawa Radèn Ayu Sêpuh. {{Infobox royalty | title = Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunegara | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_upright = | landscape = | alt = | caption = | pronunciation = | birth_name = Raden Mas Sura | birth_date = sakdurunge taun 1719 | birth_place = Kêblokan, Nglaroh, [[Kasultanan Mataram]] | death_date = 1796 | death_place = [[Cape Town]], [[Afrika Selatan]] | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | burial_place = | burial_coordinates = | monuments = | other_names = | siglum = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | television = | height = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | political_party = | other_party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charges = | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = {{ubl|Raden Ayu Ragaasmara|Raden Ayu Wulan }} | partner = | issue = [[Mangkunegara I]] | mother = Mas Ayu Sumanarsa | father = [[Amangkurat IV]] | relatives = | family = }} == Cariyos timur == Nalika timur nama Radèn Mas Sura, pêparab Radèn Mas Sandi lan kapundhut putra dening pamane Pangeran Purbaya lan diaringi nama Radèn Mas Damar. Sawise ngancik diwasa, Pakubuwana I paring nama Pangeran Riya lan didhaupake karo putranipun Panêmbahan Cakraningrat ing Madura, nama Radèn Ayu Ragaasmara. Uga krama karo putrine Pangeran Blitar nama Radèn Ajêng Wulan kang banjur nurunake trah [[Kadipatèn Mangkunagaran|Mangkunegaran]]. Nalika Pangeran Purbaya lan Pangeran Blitar [[Perang Suksesi Jawa II|ngraman]], Pangeran Riya uga melu ing pabarisan. Sawise rampung, pangeran Riya kondur Kartasura lan pararingan nama Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunagara, dedalem ing Kapurbayan. Rehning dadi putra mbarep, Mangkunegara bisa marisi kalenggahan jumeneng ratu. Nanging nalika Amangkurat IV surut, kang kalenggahake jumeneng ya iku Pangeran Adipati Anom jejuluk [[Pakubuwana II]] kang isih kurang umur. Ora suwe, 31 Januari 1728 Mangkunegara kakendhangake menyang Betawi<ref>{{Cite book|title=PERANG CINA DAN RUNTUHNYA NEGARA JAWA, 1725-1743|last=Remmelin|first=D.r. Willem G.J.|publisher=Jendela|year=2002|isbn=97995978265|location=|pages=54}}</ref> lan oleh 3 taun banjur kakendhangake menyang [[Cèylon|Selong]] nganti seda lan layone kakondurake menyang Jawa sumare ing Imagiri. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.sastra.org/kisah-cerita-dan-kronikal/babad/222-babad-panambangan-pakempalan-mangkunagaran-1918-1534-hlm-001-075|title=Serat Babad Panambangan - 1918|last=Mangkunagaran|first=Pakempalan|language=jv}}</ref> Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunagara peputra 16 ya iku : # Radèn Mas Ngali, saking garwa putri ing Madura, diwasanipun asma Pangeran Tirtakusuma ing Pancuran. # Radèn Mas Umar, saking garwa putri ing Kablitaran, seda timur. # [[Mangkunagara I|Radèn Mas Said]], saking garwa putri ing Kablitaran, diwasanipun ajêjuluk Kangjêng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya [[Mangkunagara I|Mangkunagara ingkang sapisan]] ing Surakarta # Radèn Mas Sakadi, saking garwa ampeyan, seda timur. # Putri saking ampeyan, dèrèng nama lajêng seda. # Radèn Mas Ambiya, saking ampeyan, diwasanipun nama Pangeran Pamot. # Radèn Mas Sabar, saking ampeyan, diwasanipun nama Pangeran Arya Mangkudiningrat. # Radèn Ayu Tirtawiguna, saking ampeyan, lajêng krama malih nama Radèn Ayu Puspakusuma. # Kakung saking ampeyan, dèrèng nama seda. # Radèn Ayu Tirtayuda, ing Nglorog tanah Pacitan, saking ampeyan. # Pangeran Kap, saking ampeyan. # Radèn Ayu Mangkuyuda, saking ampeyan. # Radèn Mas Arya Toyakusuma, saking ampeyan. # Radèn Mas Arya Warihkusuma, saking ampeyan. # Radèn Mas Arya Ranukusuma, saking ampeyan. # Radèn Ayu Mangunyuda, ing Banyumas, saking ampeyan. == Rujukan == 74iartj07rozivpb31q9ej9ppolqlxe 0 173525 1751077 1540382 2026-07-02T09:43:53Z 93neomiwon 73444 1751077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete}}{{Infobox penyanyi indonesia |name = Nini Carlina |image = |imagesize = |caption = |Background = solo_singer |birthname = Ninik Herlina |othername = Nini Carlina |birthdate = {{birth date and age|1976|07|12}} |birthplace = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Kabupatèn Banyuwangi|Banyuwangi]], [[Jawa Wétan]], [[Indonésia]] |deathdate = |deathplace = |religion = [[Islam]] |etnic = [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]] |yearsactive = [[1992]] &ndash; sapunika |occupation = [[penyanyi]] |genre = [[Dangdut]] |instrument = [[Vokal]] |label = HP Records<br/>Musica Studio's }} '''Ninik Herlina''' utawi '''Nini Carlina''' ({{lahirmati|[[Kabupatèn Banyuwangi|Banyuwangi]], [[Jawa Wétan]]|12|07|1976}}) ya iku [[penyanyi]] [[Indonésia]]. == Diskografi == * 1992: ''Gantengnya Pacarku'' * 1995: ''Tembang Cinta'' * 1997: ''Bulan Andung-Andung'' * 2000: ''Harap Maklum'' * 2002: ''Panah Asmara'' == Pranala njaba == * {{Instagram|ninicarlina_real}} {{penyanyi-stub}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]] h4v30a95yl3cdvhd9pkyzdj4zn1pomx 0 174969 1751072 1544251 2026-07-02T08:19:14Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Linarang|image=File:Larang na bakasi (Philippines).jpg|image_size=|caption=''Linarang na bakasi'', made with [[Gymnothorax richardsonii|little moray]]s|alternate_name=nilarang, larang, gilarang|country=[[Philippines]]|region=[[Central Visayas]]|creator=|course=[[Main course]]|served=Hot|main_ingredient=fish, garlic, tomato, red onion, [[fermented black beans]], unripe mangoes or [[bilimbi]], chilis, coconut milk|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''''Linarang''''', uga dikenal minangka '''''larang''''' utawa '''''nilarang''''', minangka rebusan iwak Filipina sing asale saka kepulauan Visayas Tengah . Kang digawe karo iwak ing pedhes lan kecut [[santen]] -based duduh kaldu karo papak, bawang abang, [[tomat]], [[Douchi|kacang buncis ireng fermented]] ''(tausi),'' chilis, lan woh-wohan ora nguntungke. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bestofcebu.sunstar.com.ph/2015/02/18/larangan-sa-pasil-best-larang/|title=Larangan sa Pasil – Best Larang|website=SunStar Best of Cebu 2017|access-date=11 April 2019}}</ref> ''Linarang'' disiapake kanthi luwih dhisik [[Ngosèng|ngiseni]] iwak nganggo bawang putih, [[Bawang abang|bawang merah]], lan [[tomat]] . Banjur ditambahake menyang duduh kaldu kanthi [[Douchi|fermentasi kacang ireng]] ( ''tausi'' ), cabai, lan agen asam. Agen [[Asem jawa|asem]] biasane [[Pelem|mangga]], ''matarind'' ( ''sambag'' ), utawa [[Blimbing wuluh|bilimbi]] ( ''iba'' ), nanging uga bisa dadi woh asem . <ref name="mic">{{Cite web|url=https://myislandcebu.wordpress.com/2017/01/04/linarang/|title=Linarang|website=My Island Cebu|access-date=11 April 2019}}</ref> <ref name="sr">{{Cite web|url=https://recipes.sparkpeople.com/recipe-detail.asp?recipe=2526828|title=Larang Bakasi ( Baby Ells ) Sauteed with mix herbs and spices|website=SparkRecipes|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106215932/https://recipes.sparkpeople.com/recipe-detail.asp?recipe=2526828|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://madeincebu.blogspot.com/2010/09/bakasi.html|title=Bakasi Recipe|website=Made in Cebu|access-date=11 April 2019}}</ref> == Deleng uga == * [[Paksiw|Inun-unan]] * [[Sinampalukan]] * [[Sinigang]] * == Referensi == 19sdv8zqgdtevv2akca38jvvmqgx5kt 0 182885 1751076 1696952 2026-07-02T09:37:39Z Thersetya2021 55874 besut pratelan tulisan 1751076 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Wasawasa.jpg|ka|jmpl|250x250px| Wasawasa.]] '''Wasawasa''' yaiku jinis panganan sing umum lan kulina dipangan dening wong-wong ing sisih lor [[Ghana]], lan ing sawetara negara Afrika Kulon kaya ta [[Burkina Faso]]. Panganan iki digawe saka kulit yam/tela garing sing wis digiling dadi glepung banjur diadang. Wasawasa abene dipangan nganggo caos pedhes lan kadhangkala diracik karo jejangan lan disandhingake karo [[Lenga kacang|minyak kacang mentah]] lan iwak goreng. <ref name="Food4ever">{{Cite web|url=https://www.food4ever.org/news/wasa-wasa-with-scotch-mango-aioli-mushrooms/|title=Wasa Wasa with Scotch Mango Aioli & Mushrooms|last=EPIC|website=Food Forever|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-18|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806122418/https://www.food4ever.org/news/wasa-wasa-with-scotch-mango-aioli-mushrooms/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wasawasa kadhangkala disuguhake karo lenga ''shea butter'' lan bawang sing diiris tipis. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Recipe-5-delicious-Ghanaian-meals-with-strange-names-444736|title=Recipe: 5 delicious Ghanaian meals with strange names|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref> Ana macem-macem bahan sing kudu dicepakake kanggo gawe Wasawasa. Sanajan ana bahan-bahan sing dipilih gumantung saka pilihan para ahli waris, nanging bahan sing paling umum utawa utama yaiku glepung yam, uyah, mrico bubuk, banyu kanggo kukus, bawang, kacang brol utawa lenga ''shea butter''. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/53919-5-delicious-ghanaian-meals-strange-names.html|title=5 delicious Ghanaian meals with strange names|last=Ayitey|first=Charles|date=2016-05-31|website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|access-date=2020-01-25}}</ref> <ref name="Food4ever2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.food4ever.org/news/wasa-wasa-with-scotch-mango-aioli-mushrooms/|title=Wasa Wasa with Scotch Mango Aioli & Mushrooms|last=EPIC|website=Food Forever|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-18|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806122418/https://www.food4ever.org/news/wasa-wasa-with-scotch-mango-aioli-mushrooms/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bahan-bahan iku dimasak nganggo panci kamar lan dikukus nganti mateng. Yen wis mateng, abene dadi ireng. [[Barkas:A_meal_of_Wasawasa,_black_jollof,_made_from_yam_peals.jpg|jmpl]] == Referensi == {{Reflist}} hh5emyz9rdcmborp0frnkc8ezckso34 0 184521 1751046 1727830 2026-07-01T20:16:57Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} '''''Kauripan Adam lan Hawa''''', sing uga diarani, ing versi Grikenlanne, minangka '''''Apokalips Musa''''', yaiku sakumpulan [[pseudepigrafi]] [[Yahudi]]. Karya kasebut nyritani kauripan [[Adam lan Hawa]] saka sawise diusir saka [[Taman Eden]] nganti mereka seda. Karya kasebut nyediake panjelasan luwih babagan [[Kejatuhan Manungsa]], kalebu versi Hawa saka crita kasebut. [[Setan]] dikisahke mberontak nalika Allah nyuruh dheweke kanggo sujud marang Adam. Sawise Adam seda, ia lan kabeh katurunane dijanjike pamulihan. == Pratelan pustaka == * [[Brian O. Murdoch]], ''The Apocryphal Adam and Eve in Medieval Europe: Vernacular Translations and Adaptations of the Vita Adae et Evae'', Oxford (OUP), 2009. {{ISBN|978-0-19-956414-9}}. * Marinus de Jonge, Johannes Tromp ''The Life of Adam and Eve and Related Literature'' {{ISBN|1-85075-764-X}} (1997) * Gary A. Anderson, Michael E. Stone, Johannes Tromp ''Literature on Adam and Eve: Collected Essays'' {{ISBN|90-04-11600-1}} (2000) * [[H.F.D. Sparks]] ''The Apocryphal Old Testament'' {{ISBN|0-19-826177-2}} (1984) * M.D. Johnson ''Life of Adam and Eve, a new translation and introduction'' in ed. J.H. Charlesworth ''the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha Vol 2'' {{ISBN|0-385-18813-7}} (1985) * L. Rosso Ubigli in ed. P.Sacchi ''Apocrifi dell'Antico Testamento 2'' {{ISBN|978-88-02-07606-5}} (1989) * English Translations by L.S.A. Wells from ''The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English, Volume II Pseudepigrapha'' edited by [[R. H. Charles]], Clarendon Press, 1913. * Stone, Michael E. "The fall of Satan and Adam's penance: three notes on the 'Books of Adam and Eve.'." The Journal of Theological Studies 44, no. 1 (1993): 143+. Religion and Philosophy Collection (accessed December 15, 2017). http://link.galegroup.com.ezproxy.tntech.edu/apps/doc/A13749296/PPRP?u=tel_a_ttul&sid=PPRP&xid=1042769b{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. == Pranala jaba == * [http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/anderson/ Adam and Eve Archive Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616131339/http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/anderson/ |date=2016-06-16 }} * ''Apocalypse of Moses'' (Greek version of the ''Life of Adam and Eve'') ** [http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/pseudepigrapha/apcmose.htm Pseudepigrapha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116124138/http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/pseudepigrapha/apcmose.htm |date=2024-01-16 }} ** [http://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/apcmose.htm Christian Classics Ethereal Library: Apocalypse of Moses] * ''Latin Life of Adam and Eve'' ** [http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/pseudepigrapha/adamnev.htm Pseudepigrapha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320060422/http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/pseudepigrapha/adamnev.htm |date=2022-03-20 }} ** [http://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/adamnev.htm Christian Classics Ethereal Library: POT] ** [http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/apo/adamnev.htm Sacred Texts: Christianity: Apocrypha] * ''Slavonic Life of Adam and Eve'' ** [http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/pseudepigrapha/slanev.htm Pseudepigrapha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016120232/http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/pseudepigrapha/slanev.htm |date=2021-10-16 }} ** [http://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/slanev.htm Christian Classics Ethereal Library: POT] ** [http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/apo/slanev.htm Sacred Texts: Christianity: Apocrypha] * ''The Georgian Book of Adam'' ** [http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/pseudepigrapha/TheBookOfAdam.htm Pseudepigrapha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321141851/https://www.pseudepigrapha.com/pseudepigrapha/TheBookOfAdam.htm |date=2025-03-21 }} * ''The Armenian Penitence of Adam'' ** [http://micro5.mscc.huji.ac.il/~armenia/website The Penitence of Adam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110134700/http://micro5.mscc.huji.ac.il/~armenia/website/ |date=2023-01-10 }}, the original Armenian text in graphic form and edited and translated into English from ''M.E. Stone, Texts and Concordances of the Armenian Adam Literature'' (Society of Biblical Literature: Early Judaism and its Literature, 12; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1996) ({{ISBN|0-7885-0278-6}}). {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kauripan Adam Lan Hawa}} [[Kategori:Pseudepigrafa Prajanjian Lawas]] lo7akjjd8ud8wlo51opz3z4xnw7pnhk 4 194984 1751055 1750975 2026-07-02T00:30:17Z LabdajiwaBot 42498 Bot: Ngarsipaké 2 lembar saka [[Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta]] (ARSIP JANGKEP) 1751055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arsip|Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta}} == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar & Auckland Museum student update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Januari 2026 12.57 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29895284 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini berfokus pada tren global, uji coba yang lebih cepat dan lebih sehat, dukungan yang lebih baik bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, peningkatan kolaborasi lintas proyek, dan upaya memperluas dan mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan Tim Community Tech dalam proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Daftar pantau ganda]] (''Multiple watchlists''), tampilan [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] akan diperbarui sebagai langkah awal menuju penerapan beberapa daftar pantau. Selain itu, sistem penomoran halaman pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] juga akan diperbarui sebagai bagian dari pengerjaan permintaan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|perombakan penomoran dan navigasi halaman]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] merupakan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|ekstensi]] MediaWiki yang memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini baru-baru ini diperbarui agar tampilannya lebih menyerupai [[Special:Watchlist|Daftar pantau]] biasa, termasuk untuk menyiapkannya menghadapi penggunaan akun sementara dalam penyamaran IP (misalnya dengan mengarahkan ulang pranala pengguna ke halaman kontribusi), menampilkan judul halaman dengan huruf tebal, dan membuka pranala dalam ringkasan suntingan dan label di tab peramban baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika pemblokiran global tidak memiliki opsi untuk menonaktifkan pengiriman surel kini telah diperbaiki, dan fitur tersebut dapat digunakan pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|Perkakas pengutipan di VisualEditor]] dan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Pratinjau Rujukan]] kini mendukung jenis rujukan "peta". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Januari 2026 19.32 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == ''The Signpost'': 15 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/News and notes|Wikipedia's 25th anniversary is here!]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Special report|Wikipedia at 25: A Wake-Up Call]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Serendipity|The WMF wants to buy you books!]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/WikiProject report|Time for a health check: the Vital Signs 2026 campaign]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/In the media|Fake Acting President Trump and a Wikipedia infobox]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Community view|The inbox behind Wikipedia]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Recent research|Art museums on Wikidata; comparing three comparisons of Grokipedia and Wikipedia]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Traffic report|Tonight I'm gonna rock you]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Comix|Oh come on man.]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 15 Januari 2026 15.19 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29899914 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 16 Januari 2026 19.44 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 18 Januari 2026 13.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Panel yang ditampilkan pada [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] dalam tampilan seluler telah didesain ulang. Panel ini kini ditampilkan dalam keadaan tertutup secara bawaan dan dilengkapi dengan pranala untuk membatalkan suntingan yang sedang ditinjau, sehingga memudahkan penyunting dan peninjau di perangkat seluler untuk mengambil tindakan tanpa membuat antarmuka terlihat penuh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini terus dikembangkan dan kini mampu menentukan arah teks secara otomatis, sehingga tampilan situs dengan nama domain yang tidak lazim tetap benar. Ekstensi ini juga menampilkan keterangan yang lebih rinci untuk setiap tindakan dalam log. Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ditambahkan pranala permanen baru untuk pembuatan halaman dan kelas CSS untuk setiap elemen entri. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya ditemukan pada Vector 2022, yaitu tujuan pranala jangkar tertutup oleh tajuk yang menempel (''sticky header''), kini telah ditangani. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|pengumuman penghentian bertahap pada Oktober 2025]], Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan mulai menghentikan seluruh titik akhir transformasi (''transform endpoint'') pada MediaWiki REST API yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir alamat (''trailing slash'') pada pekan 26 Januari. Perubahan ini diperkirakan akan diterapkan di semua wiki paling lambat 30 Januari. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih menggunakannya diimbau untuk beralih ke versi titik akhir tanpa garis miring di akhir. Kedua variasi titik akhir tersebut dapat ditemukan, dibandingkan, dan diuji melalui [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Jika memiliki pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * Dokumentasi rujukan interaktif untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] telah dipindahkan. Permintaan ke dokumentasi API yang sebelumnya diinang melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (misalnya <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) kini akan dialihkan ke [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata Wikimedia Foundation]] (WDP) telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala Januari 2026]]. Nawala ini memuat pembaruan mengenai penghentian titik akhir graf penuh (''full-graph'') lama, perubahan kebijakan User-Agent, jadwal sesi diskusi bulanan migrasi Blazegraph, dan upaya untuk mengurangi kemunduran (regresi) yang disebabkan oleh penonaktifan titik akhir lama tersebut. Sebagai pengingat, Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|berlangganan nawala WDP]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan segera ditutup atau ditutup lebih awal jika kuota peserta telah terpenuhi. Acara ini merupakan hackathon teknis selama dua hari yang mempertemukan para Wikimediawan dari kawasan tersebut. Sampai jumpa di sana! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Januari 2026 20.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Tinjauan tahunan untuk Kode Etik Universal dan Panduan Penegakan</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Saya ingin menyampaikan bahwa periode peninjauan tahunan Kode Etik Universal dan Pedoman Penegakannya saat ini telah dibuka. Usulan perubahan dapat diajukan hingga 9 Februari 2026. Tahap ini merupakan langkah awal dari rangkaian proses peninjauan tahunan yang akan dilakukan.[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Informasi lengkap dan ruang diskusi tersedia di halaman UCoC di Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) adalah grup global yang didedikasikan untuk memberikan implementasi yang adil dan konsisten dari UCoC. Tinjauan tahunan ini telah direncanakan dan diimplementasikan oleh U4C. Untuk informasi dan tanggung jawab U4C lebih lanjut, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Anda dapat meninjaunya pada piagam U4C]]. Mohon bagikan informasi ini pada anggota lain di komunitas Anda di mana pun yang mungkin sesuai. -- Bekerja sama dengan U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|bicara]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 19 Januari 2026 21.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang masukan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|usulan arah masa depan]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] hingga 28 Februari. * Semua pengguna dengan akun terdaftar kini dapat menggunakan kunci sandi (''passkey'') untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Kunci sandi merupakan cara masuk yang lebih sederhana tanpa perlu menggunakan perangkat kedua. Identitas pengguna diverifikasi melalui sidik jari, pemindaian wajah, atau kode PIN. Untuk menggunakan kunci sandi, pengguna harus terlebih dahulu mengaktifkan metode 2FA standar. Saat ini, proses masuk dengan kunci sandi masih memerlukan kata sandi. Pada kuartal ini, fitur masuk tanpa kata sandi akan memungkinkan pengguna masuk dengan satu klik menggunakan kunci sandi. Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan juga akan diwajibkan mengaktifkan 2FA. Kebijakan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. * Kontributor tidak terdaftar yang berasal dari alamat IP atau rentang IP yang diblokir kini dapat berinteraksi di wiki untuk mengajukan banding pemblokiran dengan membuat akun sementara dan menyampaikannya melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna, selama opsi "mencegah pengguna ini menyunting halaman pembicaraannya sendiri" tidak diaktifkan. Perubahan ini mengatasi masalah sebelumnya, yaitu pengguna yang tidak masuk log (keluar log dari akun) tidak dapat menggunakan prosedur pembukaan blokir standar melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, deskripsi metode Autentikasi Dua-Faktor (2FA) pada halaman pengelolaan kini telah diperbarui. Penjelasannya menjadi lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dipahami serta digunakan oleh pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah variabel AbuseFilter baru, <code>account_type</code>, telah ditambahkan untuk menyediakan cara yang andal dalam menentukan jenis akun yang sedang dibuat pada tindakan <code>createaccount</code> dan <code>autocreateaccount</code>. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, variabel <code>accountname</code> telah diubah namanya menjadi <code>account_name</code>, dan <code>accountname</code> kini dinyatakan tidak lagi digunakan (''deprecated''). Pengelola penyaring suntingan disarankan untuk memperbarui penyaring apa pun yang masih menggunakan pemeriksaan jenis akun yang ditulis langsung (''hardcoded'') atau variabel yang telah dinyatakan tidak digunakan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Keluku (''thumbnail'') yang diminta dengan ukuran tidak standar dan menggunakan cara tidak standar, seperti permintaan langsung ke <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code>, akan berhenti berfungsi dalam waktu dekat. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan berkelanjutan oleh pengambil data otomatis (''web scraper'') dan bot. Sebagian pengguna dengan CSS/JS khusus, pengurus antarmuka yang dapat memperbaiki gawai dan kulit lokal, serta pembuat alat, perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar menggunakan ukuran gambar mini standar. [[phab:T414805|Informasi lengkap, pranala pencarian, dan contoh cara memperbaikinya tersedia pada tugas terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Januari 2026 21.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == This Month in Education: January 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto "25x25" llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 28 Januari 2026 18.26 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29951116 --> == Your feedback wanted: improve transparency of Wikidata edits affecting your Wiki == ''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate to your language to help spread the message.)'' Hello everyone, I am writing on behalf of Wikimedia Deutschland’s [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team. I have news about our focus area on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|“increasing the transparency of Wikidata edits that can affect your wiki”]], especially for patrollers, reviewers and editors of recent changes and watchlists. '''Your wiki will soon receive a change making the user-preference “Show Wikidata edits” an opt-out for the recent changes and watchlists pages.''' This is scheduled for '''''27 February, 2026'''''. '''[What does this mean?]''' * Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in the [[:jv:Mirunggan:Kaca_anyar|Recent Changes]] page * Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in [[:jv:Mirunggan:Pawawangan|Watchlists]] * You can opt-out and disable this setting at any time in your [[:jv:Mirunggan:Pilalan|user settings]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|(Here is a guide to enable/disable this setting)]]. '''[How you can help?]'''<br> We’d love to hear from you! Your experiences, feedback, and ideas are invaluable as we work to improve the visibility and utility of Wikidata edits. We are particularly interested to hear from: * '''Patrollers:''' How has the change influenced your workflow in spotting, reviewing, and acting on edits in recent changes? * '''Editors:''' How has the change affected your experience in monitoring and reviewing changes to your watched pages? * '''General reflections:''' Is there anything about Wikidata edits that you find confusing, surprising, or difficult to act on? If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! More in depth information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|the project page on Meta]]. If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the talk page of the project. We will gladly answer! Thank you, -- [[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|rembugan]]) 23 Januari 2026 15.35 (UTC) :''Hello @[[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]], we would be happy to try the new change. Thanks for [[Parembugan_Naraguna:Bennylin#c-Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)-20260127141300-Wikidata_edit_visibility_in_recent_changes/watchlists|informing us]].'' :Kanggé kanca-kanca, mengko nang kaca [[Mirunggan:Owahan anyar]] bakal ana pratélan besutan Wikidata. Yèn keganggu, isa sètingané isa dipatèni ing [[Mirunggan:Preferensi]]. [[Panganggo:Bennylin|Bennylin]] (<small>[[Dhiskusi_Panganggo:Bennylin|ꦉꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦒ꧀ꦒꦤ꧀]]</small>) 28 Januari 2026 06.14 (UTC) ::Great! I will keep you informed for any changes or developments. Thanks again --[[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|rembugan]]) 28 Januari 2026 08.44 (UTC) : Personally I find this very interesting, as we can track and patrol users's changes on interwiki links and when needed revert them back. Actually I did reply you on my talk page *https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parembugan_Naraguna%3AMeursault2004&diff=1742658&oldid=1742656). [[User:Meursault2004|Meursault2004]]^{[[User_talk:Meursault2004|ngobrol]]} 29 Januari 2026 05.03 (UTC) == ''The Signpost'': 29 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Traffic report|The most viewed articles of 2025]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News and notes|Good news... but also bad news for the Public Domain]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News from Diff|Solving puzzles together]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/In the media|Every view on the 25th anniversary of everything]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Comix|Perspectives]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 29 Januari 2026 06.31 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29988053 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 72 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 72, November–December 2025 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * Renewed partnerships * Spotlight: Strengthening Wikimedia Collaborations with and for Open Science <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/November-December 2025|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 29 Januari 2026 12.44 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=29991504 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" yang menampilkan informasi validasi tentang suatu halaman ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} contoh]) kini secara otomatis akan menyertakan daftar isi. Jika terdapat halaman lokal [[MediaWiki:Pageinfo-header]] yang dibuat oleh pengguna, halaman tersebut kini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya VisualEditor menambahkan pemformatan tebal atau miring di dalam deskripsi pranala, sehingga membuat kode wiki menjadi rumit. Hal ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada salinan XML pada 20 Januari. Selain itu, mulai sekarang, salinan data hanya akan dihasilkan satu kali per bulan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki telah menghapus dukungan untuk seluruh titik akhir transformasi yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir (''trailing slash'') dari [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API REST API MediaWiki]. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih memanggil titik akhir tersebut dianjurkan untuk beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring di akhir. Apabila terdapat pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan mengajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengingatkan para pengguna bahwa sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 telah dibagikan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan ini menyoroti berbagai isu utama, termasuk tren global, pengembangan eksperimen yang lebih cepat dan berkelanjutan, peningkatan dukungan bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, optimalisasi kolaborasi antarproyek, dan upaya meningkatkan serta mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan, saran, dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Fèbruari 2026 17.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kontributor yang masuk log dan mengelola daftar pantauan yang besar atau kompleks kini dapat mengatur dan menyaring halaman yang dipantau dengan lebih efektif melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Label Daftar Pantauan]] yang baru. Dengan menambahkan label tersuai, misalnya halaman yang dibuat sendiri, halaman yang dipantau untuk vandalisme, atau halaman diskusi, pengguna dapat lebih cepat mengidentifikasi halaman yang memerlukan perhatian, mengurangi beban kognitif, dan merespons dengan lebih efisien. Peningkatan ini membuat daftar pantauan lebih mudah digunakan, terutama bagi penyunting yang sangat aktif. * Sebuah fitur baru yang tersedia di [[Special:Contributions|Istimewa:Kontribusi]] kini menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] yang kemungkinan dioperasikan oleh orang yang sama, sehingga proses patroli menjadi lebih efisien dan tidak memakan banyak waktu. Saat memeriksa kontribusi suatu akun sementara, pengguna yang memiliki akses ke alamat IP akun sementara kini dapat melihat tampilan kontribusi dari akun-akun sementara terkait. Fitur ini menelusuri seluruh alamat IP yang terkait dengan suatu akun sementara dalam periode retensi data, lalu menampilkan semua kontribusi dari seluruh akun sementara yang pernah menggunakan alamat IP tersebut. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * Saat para penyunting melakukan pratayang suntingan teks wiki, kotak pengingat di bagian atas yang menunjukkan bahwa yang ditampilkan hanyalah pratayang kini menggunakan latar belakang abu-abu/netral, bukan lagi kuning/peringatan. Perubahan ini memudahkan pembedaan antara catatan pratayang dan peringatan yang sebenarnya (misalnya konflik suntingan atau sasaran pengalihan yang bermasalah), yang kini akan ditampilkan dalam kotak peringatan atau kesalahan terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna meninjau daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini terus mengalami penyempurnaan, yang kini mendukung lebih dari satu situs Wikibase secara optimal, seperti [[d:|Wikidata]] dan [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. Selain itu, kendala tentang arah teks telah diperbaiki bagi pengguna Wikidata atau situs Wikibase lain yang menggunakan bahasa dengan arah kanan ke kiri (RTL). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * "Pranala magis" otomatis untuk nomor ISBN, RFC, dan PMID [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|telah dinyatakan usang dalam teks wiki sejak 2021]] karena kurang fleksibel dan menyulitkan pelokalan. Sejumlah wiki telah berhasil menggantikan pranala magis RFC dan PMID dengan pranala luar yang setara, tetapi untuk menggantikan fungsi pranala magis ISBN sering kali diperlukan templat khusus. Kini telah tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|fungsi pengurai bawaan]] baru, <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code>, yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan fungsi dasar pranala magis ISBN. Hal ini memudahkan wiki yang ingin bermigrasi dari fungsi pranala magis yang telah dinyatakan usang tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q35401|bahasa Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q1186896|bahasa Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah kelompok pengguna global baru telah dibuat, yaitu [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. Kelompok ini digunakan secara internal oleh perangkat lunak untuk memungkinkan bot komunitas melewati pembatasan laju (''rate limit'') yang diterapkan terhadap [[w:en:Web scraping|perayap web]] (''web scraper'') yang bersifat merusak. Akun yang telah disetujui sebagai bot di setidaknya satu wiki Wikimedia akan secara otomatis ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok ini. Perubahan ini tidak memengaruhi atau mengubah hak akses yang dimiliki oleh bot tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 25–27 Maret 2026 di Salt Lake City, Amerika Serikat. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Peserta dapat mengusulkan sesi serta mendaftarkan diri untuk mengikuti konferensi ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Fèbruari 2026 23.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Fèbruari 2026 08.33 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30055818 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Tim SRE]] akan membersihkan Etherpad, yaitu penyunting berbasis web sumber terbuka untuk penyuntingan dokumen kolaboratif langsung. Seluruh catatan (''pad'') akan dihapus secara permanen setelah 30 April 2026. Harap membuat salinan cadangan lokal atas konten apa pun yang ingin dipertahankan karena data yang telah dihapus tidak dapat dipulihkan. Pembersihan ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi ukuran basis data dan meminimalkan jejak infrastruktur. Etherpad akan tetap mendukung kolaborasi langsung, tetapi tidak ditujukan untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang. Pembersihan tambahan dapat dilakukan di masa mendatang tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pengambilan Informasi (''Information Retrieval'') akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|eksperimen aplikasi seluler Android]] untuk menguji pencarian hibrida yang mampu menangani kueri semantik dan berbasis kata kunci. Peningkatan pencarian di dalam platform ini bertujuan memudahkan pembaca menemukan informasi yang dicari secara langsung di Wikipedia. Eksperimen ini akan pertama kali diluncurkan di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani pada akhir Februari, kemudian diperluas ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis pada bulan Maret. Informasi selengkapnya [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ dapat dibaca] di Diff. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah di [[Special:RecentChanges|Istimewa:PerubahanTerbaru]] telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, ketika pengguna mengeklik sembunyikan pada penyaring aktif, tombol "lihat perubahan baru sejak…" ikut menghilang, padahal seharusnya tetap ditampilkan. Kini, tombol tersebut telah berfungsi dan ditampilkan sebagaimana mestinya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Dokumentasi baru kini tersedia untuk membantu para penyunting menelusuri dan mendiagnosis masalah pada fitur pencarian di situs. Dokumentasi ini mendukung proses pemecahan masalah ketika halaman tidak muncul dalam hasil pencarian, ketika peringkat hasil terasa tidak sesuai, dan ketika perlu memeriksa konten apa saja yang sedang diindeks. Dengan demikian, perilaku pencarian menjadi lebih mudah dipahami dan dianalisis. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Pelajari lebih lanjut]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Fèbruari 2026 19.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == ''The Signpost'': 17 February 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/In the media|Global powers see Wikipedia as fundamental target for manipulation]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/News and notes|Discussions open for the next WMF Annual Plan]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Serendipity|Maintenance crews continue to slog through Wikipedia's oldest Featured Articles]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Disinformation report|Epstein's obsessions]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Technology report|Wikidata Graph Split and how we address major challenges]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Traffic report|Deaths, killings, films, and the Olympics]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Opinion|Incoming Incurables]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Crossword|Pop quiz]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Comix|herculean]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 17 Fèbruari 2026 08.03 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30039447 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] kini telah diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, menandai selesainya peluncuran fitur ini di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur tersebut mendorong pengguna baru untuk menambahkan rujukan sebelum memublikasikan konten baru, sehingga membantu menekan pembatalan suntingan akibat kekurangan rujukan dan meningkatkan keterverifikasian. Hasil pengujian A/B menunjukkan dampak yang kuat: pengguna baru yang ditampilkan Pemeriksaan Rujukan sekitar 2,2 kali lebih sering menambahkan rujukan di desktop dan sekitar 17,5 kali lebih sering di web seluler. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|Ekstensi InterwikiSorting]], yang sebelumnya memungkinkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|pengurutan pranala antarwiki]], telah dinonaktifkan di Wikipedia. Dampaknya, penyunting yang mengaktifkan pengurutan pranala antarwiki dalam mode tidak ringkas (format daftar penuh) kini akan melihat urutan pranala berubah. Ke depannya, pranala antarwiki akan ditampilkan berdasarkan urutan alfabet kode bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, pengguna yang menyunting suatu bagian halaman menggunakan VisualEditor seluler akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman". Dengan mengetuk tombol tersebut, pengguna dapat langsung menyunting keseluruhan artikel. Fitur ini memudahkan ketika perubahan yang ingin dilakukan ternyata berada di luar bagian yang awalnya dibuka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] mengundang para penyunting untuk menilai apakah mode gelap masih perlu dianggap sebagai fitur beta di wiki masing-masing berdasarkan pengalaman penggunaan dan kinerjanya di perangkat desktop maupun seluler. Apabila fitur ini dinilai telah matang, para penyunting dapat memperbarui pesan antarmuka di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> dan <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> untuk menunjukkan bahwa mode gelap telah siap digunakan dan tidak lagi berstatus beta. * [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Tab Aktivitas]] yang telah ditingkatkan dan menampilkan wawasan pengguna kini tersedia untuk seluruh pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS (versi 7.9.0 dan yang lebih baru). Setelah uji A/B sebelumnya menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pembuatan akun pada pengguna yang memiliki akses ke fitur ini, pembaruan tersebut kini diluncurkan kepada 100% pengguna, dan disertai dengan sejumlah penyempurnaan. Tab Aktivitas kini menampilkan artikel-artikel yang telah disunting dalam lini masa, menyajikan wawasan dampak penyuntingan seperti jumlah kontribusi dan tren kunjungan artikel, serta menyediakan opsi penyesuaian untuk meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan aplikasi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang sebelumnya menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] tidak berfungsi di perangkat seluler kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fungsionalitasnya kembali berjalan sepenuhnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] yang mendukung fitur ini terus dikembangkan. Pembaruan terbaru menambahkan [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|kait baru]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, yang dijalankan setiap kali daftar pantauan dibangun ulang. Dengan adanya kait ini, gawai dan skrip pengguna kini dapat dijalankan pada halaman Istimewa tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Fèbruari 2026 19.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Mode Ulang Tahun]] ke-25 Wikipedia kini telah tersedia di Wikipedia bahasa Betawi, Breton, Tionghoa, Ceko, Belanda, Inggris, Prancis, Gorontalo, Indonesia, Italia, Luksemburg, Madura, Sisilia, Spanyol, Thai, dan Vietnam. Fitur kampanye waktu terbatas ini merayakan 25 tahun Wikipedia dengan maskot ulang tahun bernama Baby Globe. Saat diaktifkan, Baby Globe akan muncul di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|sekitar 2.500 artikel]] dan dapat ditemukan oleh para pembaca. Komunitas dapat memilih untuk mengaktifkan Mode Ulang Tahun dengan mencapai konsensus di tingkat komunitas, lalu meminta pengurus untuk mengaktifkan dan menyesuaikan fitur tersebut melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|pengaturan komunitas]] di wiki lokal masing-masing. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur baru [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], yang memungkinkan penggunaan ulang rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Swedia, Polandia, dan [[:phab:T418209|beberapa wiki lainnya]]. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|Fitur ini dapat dicoba]] di proyek-proyek tersebut atau di testwiki dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Pembelajaran dari wiki percontohan pertama, yaitu Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, telah [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|dirilis dalam sebuah laporan]]. Jika [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|berminat untuk menjadi wiki percontohan]], silakan menghubungi tim Wikimedia Deutschland. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') akan tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia pekan ini. Fitur ini menampilkan pengingat kepada pengguna baru yang menempelkan teks ke dalam VisualEditor yang kemungkinan besar bukan hasil tulisan mereka sendiri agar mempertimbangkan risiko pelanggaran hak cipta. Pemeriksaan Tempel juga [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|menandai]] semua suntingan yang memunculkan pengingat tersebut untuk kemungkinan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Pengurus lokal dapat mengatur berbagai aspek fitur ini melalui [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Penelitian]] di 22 wiki menunjukkan bahwa Pemeriksaan Tempel menghasilkan penurunan relatif sebesar 18% pada suntingan yang dibatalkan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Para penerjemah dapat membantu [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate melokalkan] fitur ini dan fitur terkait lainnya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] akan melakukan standardisasi menu pengguna di pojok kanan atas bagi seluruh pengguna seluler agar lebih selaras dengan pengalaman di desktop. Saat ini, menu tersebut hanya terlihat oleh pengguna yang mengaktifkan Kontrol Seluler Lanjutan (''Advanced Mobile Controls''/AMC). Perubahan yang dilakukan hanya berupa pemindahan beberapa tombol yang sebelumnya berada di menu sisi kiri ke pojok kanan atas bagi pengguna yang tidak mengaktifkan AMC. Perubahan ini dijadwalkan diterapkan pada 9 Maret dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan antarmuka pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Mulai pekan 2 Maret, surel yang dikirim saat alamat surel pada suatu akun ditambahkan, dihapus, atau diubah akan beralih dari format teks biasa menjadi surel HTML yang tampilannya lebih rapi dan informatif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Saat ini, setiap pengguna dapat menyimpan hingga 2.000 notifikasi lama, dengan riwayat yang mencakup sejak 2013 ketika fitur ini diperkenalkan. Ke depan, sistem akan diubah sehingga hanya notifikasi dari lima tahun terakhir yang disimpan, tetapi dengan kapasitas yang ditingkatkan hingga 10.000 notifikasi. Penyesuaian ini dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan infrastruktur dalam jangka panjang sekaligus mengurangi kemungkinan notifikasi terbaru hilang lebih cepat dari yang seharusnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami penyempurnaan. Pembaruan terbaru meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan label. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini kini memungkinkan pengaktifan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|sistem pengganti bahasa]] (''language fallback'') untuk butir Wikidata yang tidak memiliki label dalam bahasa yang sedang ditampilkan, dan menampilkan label tersebut dalam bahasa Wikidata pilihan pengguna apabila tidak ada parameter URL <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * Tim Wikipedia Android telah memulai uji coba beta fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|pencarian hibrida]] di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani. Fitur pencarian hibrida ini dapat menangani pencarian berdasarkan makna maupun kata kunci, sehingga pembaca dapat menemukan informasi yang dicari secara lebih mudah langsung di Wikipedia. * Demi meningkatkan keamanan, anggota dari sejumlah kelompok pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Saat ini, 2FA menjadi syarat untuk menggunakan hak akses dalam kelompok tersebut, tetapi belum menjadi syarat untuk tercatat sebagai anggotanya. Karena kebijakan ini masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, perubahan akan [[phab:T418580|dilakukan secara bertahap mulai bulan Maret]]. Anggota kelompok terkait tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan satu-satunya metode 2FA yang tersisa di akun mereka. Selain itu, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA tidak dapat ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok tersebut. Pengguna tetap dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama minimal satu metode 2FA tetap aktif. Pada paruh kedua bulan Maret, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok ini. Ketentuan ini berlaku untuk pengurus CentralNotice, pemeriksa, pengurus antarmuka, pengawas, staf Wikidata, staf Wikifunctions, WMF Office IT, dan WMF Trust & Safety. Tidak ada perubahan bagi pengguna lainnya. Jadwal pelaksanaan dapat dilihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya menghalangi pengguna untuk membuat sebuah instans (''instance'') di [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], dalam satu bulan ke depan Wikimedia Foundation akan menerapkan pembatasan jumlah permintaan (''rate limit'') API secara global pada seluruh API yang digunakan. Pada awal Maret, batas yang lebih ketat akan diberlakukan untuk permintaan yang tidak teridentifikasi dari luar Toolforge/WMCS dan permintaan API yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diterapkan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin agar dampaknya terhadap komunitas tetap minimal. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * Layanan ''Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment'' (LDF) akan dihentikan pada bulan Februari. Layanan ini hanya melayani lalu lintas yang terbatas, dan penggunaannya telah berhasil dialihkan ke metode akses data lain yang lebih sesuai untuk mendukung kebutuhan yang ada. Perangkat keras yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mendukung layanan LDF akan dialokasikan kembali guna menunjang proses migrasi sistem bagian belakang yang sedang berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * Pengurai Parsoid versi terbaru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|terus diperluas penggunaannya ke berbagai wiki lainnya]]. Penerapan ini mendukung keberlanjutan sistem dan mempermudah pengembangan fitur baru untuk kegiatan membaca dan penyuntingan. Kini, Parsoid telah menjadi pengurai utama di 488 wiki milik Wikimedia Foundation, termasuk 268 edisi Wikipedia. Cakupan tersebut mewakili lebih dari 10% dari total tayangan halaman di seluruh Wikipedia. * Proses dan kriteria untuk [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|mengajukan akses khusus]] ke umpan data berkapasitas tinggi dari API Wikimedia Enterprise (tanpa biaya untuk penggunaan yang sejalan dengan misi) [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|kini telah dipublikasikan]]. Publikasi ini bertujuan menyediakan dokumentasi yang lebih lengkap dan jelas bagi para pengguna. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], yang selama ini menjadi blog bagi komunitas teknis Wikimedia, [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ akan digabungkan] ke [[diffblog:|Diff]], blog yang memuat berita dan kegiatan komunitas. Proses penggabungan ini ditargetkan rampung pada April 2026. Setelah proses tersebut selesai, kiriman tulisan baru akan kembali dibuka untuk dipublikasikan. Semua tulisan, baik yang lama dan yang baru, tetap dapat dibaca melalui halaman khusus di https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Maret 2026 17.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == This Month in Education: February 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 3 Maret 2026 11.55 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30155806 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari uji coba pengalihan peladen pusat data ke peladen cadangan, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|yang dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dialihkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Pengujian ini bertujuan memastikan layanan tetap tersedia dan mengurangi kemungkinan gangguan layanan, termasuk dalam keadaan darurat. * Pekan lalu, seluruh wiki sempat berada dalam mode hanya-baca selama sekitar dua jam. Selain itu, skrip pengguna dan gawai juga mengalami gangguan lebih lama dari biasanya. Kejadian ini disebabkan oleh sebuah insiden keamanan yang kini telah ditangani. Langkah-langkah untuk mencegah kejadian serupa masih terus dilakukan. Informasi terkini dapat dilihat pada [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|pengumuman di papan pengumuman penatalayan]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|tersedia terjemahan]]). '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna yang terkena beberapa pemblokiran saat mengakses melalui perangkat seluler kini akan melihat alasan untuk setiap pemblokiran secara terpisah, bukan lagi satu pesan umum. Hal ini membantu pengguna memahami alasan pemblokiran yang mereka alami serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Sebagai contoh, pengguna yang terdampak karena menggunakan VPN umum (seperti [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) akan mendapatkan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai apa yang perlu dilakukan agar dapat kembali menyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] (''Suggestion Mode'') akan tersedia sebagai fitur beta di penyunting visual di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini memberikan berbagai saran tindakan yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki artikel Wikipedia, dan membantu pengguna mempelajari pedoman yang relevan. Pengaturan fitur ini dapat disesuaikan oleh setiap wiki dan juga dapat diperluas dengan menambahkan saran khusus. Pengaturan yang saat ini berlaku dapat dilihat di halaman [[Special:EditChecks]]. Selain itu, tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|panduan bagi pengurus untuk menyesuaikan]] pranala agar mengarah ke pedoman lokal. Mode Saran terhubung dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Pemeriksaan Suntingan]] yang memberikan saran perbaikan ketika seseorang sedang menulis konten baru. Ke depannya, tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') berencana menilai dampak fitur ini terhadap pengguna baru melalui sebuah percobaan terkontrol. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika posisi kursor menjadi tidak selaras saat menggunakan penyorotan sintaks CodeMirror (fitur yang memudahkan pembacaan teks wiki dan kode) kini telah diperbaiki. Masalah ini secara khusus memengaruhi pengguna yang menetapkan aturan jenis huruf dalam lembar gaya tersuai ketika membuat topik baru dengan menggunakan DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pembaruan pembatasan permintaan API: Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], pembatasan jumlah permintaan API secara global akan mulai diterapkan pada minggu ini. Pembatasan ini berlaku untuk permintaan tanpa User-Agent yang sesuai yang berasal dari luar Toolforge/WMCS, serta untuk permintaan API tanpa autentikasi yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diberlakukan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * API GraphQL yang baru kini telah tersedia. API ini dikembangkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih fleksibel untuk beberapa fitur di Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemudahan bagi pengembang, mendukung fleksibilitas penggunaan, dan mempercepat akses data. Pengguna dipersilakan untuk mencoba API ini dan [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|memberikan masukan]]. Pengembang juga dapat [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply mendaftar untuk mengikuti uji kegunaan]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] melanjutkan peningkatan pada [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] sepanjang Februari. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan kesalahan autentikasi, penanganan berkas berukuran besar, visibilitas antrean tugas, dan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai proses pengunggahan. Sejumlah pekerjaan masih terus berlangsung di beberapa bagian, termasuk perubahan yang berkaitan dengan metode pengunggahan dari sisi peladen yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|kabar terkini]] untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Panduan Artikel (''Article Guidance'') mengundang penyunting Wikipedia berpengalaman dari sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|wiki percontohan]] dan kontributor yang berminat dari Wikipedia lainnya untuk mengisi angket ini. Angket tersebut tersedia dalam [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform bahasa Inggris], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arab], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Jepang], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portugis], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persia], dan [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turki]. Jawaban yang diberikan akan membantu tim untuk menyesuaikan panduan bagi penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman, sekaligus membantu mereka mempelajari kebijakan dan praktik komunitas saat membuat artikel. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|halaman proyek tersebut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Maret 2026 18.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == ''The Signpost'': 10 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Interview|Bernadette Meehan, new Wikimedia Foundation CEO]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/News and notes|Security testing unleashes computer worm on Meta-wiki]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Special report|What actually happened during the Wikimedia security incident?]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In the media|Indonesian government blocks Wikimedia logins; archive site scoured from Wikipedia after owner runs malware]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Recent research|To wiki, perchance to groki]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Obituary|Madhav Gadgil, Fredrick Brennan, Mark Miller, Chip Berlet]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Opinion|Interface administrators and trusting trust]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Technology report|English Wikipedia deprecates archive.today after DDoS against blog, altered content]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Op-ed|Why is "Trypsin-sensitive photosynthetic activities in chloroplast membranes" cited in "List of tallest buildings in Chicago"?]] * Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Essay|The pursuit of a button click]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In focus|Short descriptions: One year later]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/WikiProject report|Unreferenced articles backlog drive]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Community view|Speaking of planning ...]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Traffic report|Over the mountain, kissing silver inlaid clouds]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Crossword|"It will never happen"]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Comix|BRIEn't]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 10 Maret 2026 04.14 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30121359 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 73 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 73, January–February 2026 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * Four new partnerships * User survey thanks <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/January-February 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 11 Maret 2026 12.06 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=30224864 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion & a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Maret 2026 00.51 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30232291 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], telah digunakan untuk penyorotan sintaks teks wiki sejak November 2024. Fitur ini direncanakan keluar dari status beta pada Mei 2026 agar berbagai perbaikan dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|fitur]] baru dapat digunakan oleh semua penyunting yang memakai penyorot sintaks standar. Jika terdapat pertanyaan atau masukan terkait rencana penghapusan status beta pada fitur ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|silakan disampaikan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebagian perubahan pada kelompok pengguna lokal dilakukan oleh penatalayan di Meta-Wiki dan sebelumnya hanya dicatat di sana. Kini, perubahan hak pengguna lintas wiki akan dicatat di Meta-Wiki dan di wiki tempat pengguna tersebut berada. Langkah ini memudahkan penelusuran riwayat lengkap perubahan hak pengguna di wiki lokal. Catatan perubahan yang terjadi sebelumnya juga akan ditambahkan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * Pada wiki yang menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], jumlah perubahan tertunda yang ditampilkan di halaman [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] sebelumnya juga menghitung halaman yang sebenarnya sudah tidak menunggu peninjauan. Hal ini terjadi karena halaman tersebut telah dihapus dari sistem tanpa melalui proses peninjauan, misalnya karena dihapus, dipindahkan ke ruang nama lain, atau akibat perubahan konfigurasi wiki. Kini, jumlah yang ditampilkan telah diperbaiki sehingga lebih akurat. Di beberapa wiki, angka yang terlihat mungkin jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan sebelumnya. Daftar halaman yang ditampilkan seharusnya tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Bahasa komposisi yang digunakan di Wikifunctions telah ditulis ulang dan menghasilkan versi bahasa yang baru. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan layanan dengan mengurangi penggunaan memori pada orkestrator. Selain itu, pembaruan ini juga memungkinkan pengurangan waktu tunda secara signifikan, penyederhanaan kode, dan penerapan abstraksi yang lebih baik. Perubahan tersebut membuka peluang bagi pengembangan fitur baru pada tahap berikutnya. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|pembaruan ini]] dapat dibaca pada penjelasan yang tersedia. * Pengguna kini dapat mengurutkan hasil pencarian secara alfabetis berdasarkan judul halaman. Pembaruan ini menambahkan opsi baru yang dapat membantu menemukan halaman dengan lebih mudah dan cepat. Sebelumnya, hasil pencarian hanya dapat diurutkan berdasarkan tanggal penyuntingan, tanggal pembuatan, atau tingkat relevansi. Untuk menggunakan opsi baru ini, buka menu "Pencarian lanjutan" pada halaman hasil pencarian, lalu pilih "Alfabetis" pada bagian "Urutan pengurutan". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang sebelumnya membuat UploadWizard di Wikimedia Commons tidak dapat mengimpor berkas dari Flickr kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah halaman istimewa baru, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], telah dibuat untuk menampilkan daftar halaman yang ditransklusikan dan ditandai memiliki galat pemeriksaan kode (''lint''). Halaman ini membantu pengguna menemukan kesalahan tersebut dengan lebih mudah. Daftar yang ditampilkan akan diurutkan berdasarkan jumlah transklusi yang mengandung galat. Contohnya dapat dilihat pada halaman [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Pengguna fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai pengganti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman berisi JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua sejak beberapa waktu terakhir. Seiring dengan rencana mengeluarkan CodeMirror 6 dari status beta, CodeEditor juga direncanakan akan digantikan sebagai penyunting standar untuk jenis konten tersebut pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Masukan atau tanggapan tentang rencana ini sangat dipersilakan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Modul JavaScript [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] akan segera diperbarui ke CodeMirror 6. Menjelang pembaruan tersebut, pemuatan modul <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> atau <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> dari gawai dan skrip pengguna telah dinyatakan usang sejak Juli 2025. Penggunaan kait <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> juga telah dinyatakan usang sejak Maret 2025. Kontributor kini dapat menyesuaikan skrip atau gawai mereka agar kompatibel dengan CodeMirror 6. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|panduan migrasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang memperluas cakupan definisi modul REST API agar juga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|API dari ekstensi]]. Modul REST API merupakan kelompok titik akhir yang saling berkaitan dan dapat dikelola serta diberi versi secara mandiri. Saat ini, modul tersebut sudah tersedia untuk API [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] dan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions]. Seiring dengan pemindahan API ekstensi ke struktur ini, dokumentasinya akan dipindahkan dari spesifikasi utama MediaWiki OpenAPI dan tampilan REST Sandbox. Selanjutnya, dokumentasi tersebut dapat diakses melalui opsi khusus modul pada menu tarik turun di [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (yaitu di [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], yang tersedia di semua proyek wiki). * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] menyediakan berbagai informasi tentang wiki tempat modul digunakan melalui pustaka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]]. Sejak pekan lalu, pustaka tersebut juga menyediakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|cara]] untuk mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|ID wiki]]. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan pemeliharaan modul yang digunakan di berbagai wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2026]], yang merayakan berbagai perkakas terbaik yang dikembangkan oleh komunitas, kini telah membuka proses nominasi. Nominasi untuk perkakas favorit dapat diajukan melalui [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en formulir survei nominasi] paling lambat 23 Maret 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai privasi dan pengelolaan data dapat dilihat pada [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|pernyataan privasi survei]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Maret 2026 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|parembugan]])</bdi> 19 Maret 2026 11.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat masuk log ke akun mereka tanpa menggunakan kata sandi melalui penggunaan kunci sandi (''passkey''). Metode ini merupakan cara yang aman dan didukung oleh autentikasi seperti sidik jari, pengenalan wajah, atau PIN. Dengan adanya perubahan ini, semua pengguna yang memilih masuk log tanpa kata sandi akan merasakan proses yang lebih mudah, lebih cepat, dan lebih aman saat mengakses akun mereka dari berbagai perangkat. Opsi masuk menggunakan kunci sandi saat ini ditampilkan sebagai saran pengisian otomatis pada kolom nama pengguna. Dalam waktu dekat, [[phab:T417120|tombol tambahan "Masuk log dengan kunci sandi"]] juga akan tersedia bagi pengguna yang telah mendaftarkan kunci sandi mereka sebelumnya. Pembaruan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keamanan sekaligus memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih baik. [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|Rekaman layar]] yang disertakan memperlihatkan proses masuk log tanpa kata sandi secara bertahap, langkah demi langkah. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka pengujian pencadangan melalui pengalihan peladen pusat data (''datacenter server switchover'') yang [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan tersebut, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dipindahkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Langkah ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketersediaan layanan sekaligus memastikan bahwa layanan tetap dapat berjalan tanpa gangguan, bahkan dalam situasi darurat. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat mengekspor notifikasi mereka yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun dengan menggunakan sebuah [[toolforge:echo-chamber|perkakas baru di Toolforge]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk tetap menyimpan notifikasi penting mereka, sekaligus menghindari risiko terhapusnya notifikasi tersebut seiring rencana penghapusan notifikasi yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun, sebagaimana telah diumumkan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Para penyunting Wikipedia dalam bahasa Indonesia, Thai, Turki, dan Simple English kini memiliki akses ke Special:PersonalDashboard. Fitur ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|versi awal dari sebuah pengalaman]] yang dirancang untuk memperkenalkan alur kerja patroli kepada penyunting yang lebih baru, sehingga mereka dapat beralih secara lebih mudah dari sekadar melakukan suntingan menuju keterlibatan dalam tugas moderasi yang lebih lanjut di proyek mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * Halaman [[Special:Block]] kini mengalami dua perubahan kecil pada antarmukanya. Pengurus kini dapat dengan lebih mudah menetapkan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu melalui tombol pilihan (''radio button'') khusus yang tersedia pada bagian masa berlaku. Selain itu, ketika masa berlaku tanpa batas dipilih, akan muncul kumpulan alasan umum yang berbeda untuk dipilih, yang dapat disesuaikan melalui halaman [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Para penyunting seluler [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|di beberapa wiki]] kini dapat melihat peringatan penyuntingan dalam keadaan belum masuk log (''logged-out'') yang telah ditingkatkan, berkat pembaruan terbaru dari tim Pertumbuhan. Perubahan yang dirilis pada pekan lalu ini merupakan bagian dari upaya dan pengujian yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|pembuatan akun di perangkat seluler]], dan mendorong peningkatan partisipasi pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:36}} {{PLURAL:36|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, galat yang sebelumnya menyebabkan pengguna web seluler tidak dapat melihat informasi pemblokiran ketika mereka terdampak oleh beberapa pemblokiran sekaligus kini telah diperbaiki. Kini, saat mengakses Wikipedia, mereka dapat melihat pesan dari seluruh pemblokiran yang sedang berlaku terhadap akun atau alamat IP mereka. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Citra yang dibangun menggunakan Toolforge dalam waktu dekat akan mendapatkan pembaruan versi ''buildpacks'' (kumpulan skrip dan konfigurasi untuk membangun aplikasi secara otomatis), yang menghadirkan dukungan bagi versi bahasa pemrograman yang lebih baru serta berbagai peningkatan dan perbaikan dari sumber pengembang utama (''upstream''). Jika menggunakan Toolforge Build Service, disarankan untuk meninjau surel terbaru dari [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ milis cloud-announce] dan memperbarui konfigurasi ''build'' sesuai kebutuhan, guna memastikan bahwa perkakas yang digunakan tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan tersebut. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * Wiki dokumentasi [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] akan ditutup pada Juni 2026. Kunci API yang dibuat melalui API Portal akan tetap berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Titik akhir api.wikimedia.org akan dihentikan secara bertahap mulai Juli 2026. Dokumentasi yang sebelumnya tersedia di API Portal sedang dipindahkan ke [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dipelajari melalui [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek]] yang tersedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] (inisiatif dari Wikimedia Deutschland yang berfokus pada pengembangan fitur berdasarkan kebutuhan teknis komunitas) tengah mempertimbangkan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|penamaan referensi yang dihasilkan secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Para pengguna dipersilakan untuk meninjau [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solusi yang diusulkan]] serta berpartisipasi dalam proses [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|permintaan tanggapan]] yang sedang berlangsung. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Maret 2026 16.50 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Versi Beta dari [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]], proyek baru Wikimedia yang tidak terikat dengan bahasa, telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. Proyek ini memungkinkan berbagai komunitas untuk menyusun artikel Wikipedia dalam bahasa asli mereka, yang kemudian dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh pengguna lain dalam bahasa masing-masing. Wiki ini dijalankan melalui serangkaian instruksi dari Wikifunctions, dan didukung oleh konten terstruktur yang berasal dari Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang menjalankan uji A/B untuk mengevaluasi pesan yang lebih jelas dan ramah pengguna dalam mendorong pembuatan akun di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, ketika pengguna seluler yang belum masuk log mulai melakukan penyuntingan, mereka akan dihadapkan pada pesan peringatan yang terasa mendadak dan dapat mengurangi minat untuk melanjutkan kontribusi. Selain itu, kondisi ini juga menjadikan penyuntingan dengan akun sementara sebagai pilihan bawaan, alih-alih mendorong pengguna untuk membuat akun. Uji coba ini berlangsung di sepuluh Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Spanyol, dan Jerman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Apps'') mengundang Anda untuk memberi masukan mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|cara proses penyuntingan seharusnya bekerja di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia]]. Diskusi ini berfokus pada upaya meningkatkan cara pengguna mengakses berbagai alat penyuntingan saat mereka mengetuk tombol "Sunting". Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk mengarahkan para pembaca yang mulai tertarik menyunting agar dapat menemukan jalur yang lebih ramah pengguna ketika mereka mulai berkontribusi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:45}} {{PLURAL:45|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah ketika pengambilan sitasi dari arsip surat kabar besar [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] tidak lagi berfungsi, akibat adanya pemblokiran pada permintaan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]], kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Maret 2026 19.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == ''The Signpost'': 31 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/In the media|AI ban, newspapers disrupt archiving; and antisemitism complaints]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Community view|Videos from WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Disinformation report|Cleaning up after Jeffrey Epstein, Peter Nygard, and Mohamed Al-Fayed]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/WikiConference report|WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC review]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Obituary|Dr. Subas Chandra Rout]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Traffic report|Call in the dogs of war, soldier of fortune]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Gallery|Canadian Rangers participate in Operation ''Enduring Encyclopedia'']] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Comix|n00bsitting]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 31 Maret 2026 10.08 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30329870 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 1 April 2026 10.21 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 3 April 2026 17.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dilengkapi dengan fitur baru untuk penetapan tujuan kelompok, yang memungkinkan para penyelenggara menetapkan dan memantau target acara, seperti jumlah artikel yang dibuat dan jumlah kontributor yang berpartisipasi, secara langsung. Di sisi lain, para peserta juga dapat bergerak menuju target bersama dan melihat dampak kolektif yang dihasilkan seiring berlangsungnya acara. Fitur ini kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Pelajari lebih lanjut dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|dokumentasinya]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|label daftar pantauan]] yang baru (yang diumumkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Berita Teknis 2026-07]]) kini telah tersedia melalui VisualEditor, penyunting sumber, dan "''watchstar''" (pranala pantau). Sebelumnya, pemberian label hanya dapat dilakukan melalui [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. Kini, di ketiga tempat tersebut, tersedia kolom baru yang terletak setelah kolom masa kedaluwarsa. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada halaman pembicaraan di perangkat seluler yang menggunakan Parsoid, yang membuat halaman menjadi tidak dapat digunakan setelah munculnya tajuk bagian yang kosong, kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Fitur subreferensi]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan keterangan pada referensi yang sudah ada tanpa perlu membuatnya dua kali, akan diluncurkan secara bertahap ke [[phab:T414094|lebih banyak wiki]] pada akhir tahun ini. Wiki yang menggunakan gawai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] dianjurkan untuk memperbarui versinya (umumnya berada di [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] seperti ditunjukkan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 di sini]) guna menjaga kompatibilitas. Gawai lain yang berkaitan dengan referensi juga berpotensi terdampak. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * Seluruh edisi Wikinews dijadwalkan untuk ditutup dan dialihkan ke mode hanya-baca pada 4 Mei 2026. Meskipun seluruh konten tetap dapat diakses, tidak akan ada lagi penyuntingan atau penambahan artikel baru. Keputusan penutupan ini telah disetujui oleh Dewan Pengawas Wikimedia Foundation setelah melalui rangkaian diskusi yang panjang. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|API tindakan]] (''action API'') selama ini menyediakan berbagai format keluaran sesuai permintaan. Salah satunya, yaitu <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, akan segera dihentikan. Oleh karena itu, pastikan skrip atau bot yang Anda gunakan telah beralih ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|format JSON]]. Perubahan ini diperkirakan hanya akan berdampak pada sebagian kecil skrip dan bot. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * Halaman [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] kini juga memuat nama lain (alias) ruang nama. Sebagai contoh, "WP" digunakan sebagai alias untuk ruang nama "Project" ("Wikipedia") di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 April 2026 16.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature & Architecture + Women NZ * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore & more #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 9 April 2026 18.19 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30344683 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting berpengalaman diundang untuk [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page menguji] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]], yang dirancang untuk membantu penyunting dengan pengalaman lebih terbatas dalam membuat artikel Wikipedia yang terstruktur dengan baik dan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang berlaku. Petunjuk pengujian telah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|tersedia]] dan dapat diikuti sebagai panduan. Setelah meninjau [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance kerangka artikel] yang disediakan, mohon memberikan umpan balik melalui [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. Masukan tersebut akan digunakan untuk menyempurnakan fitur ini sebelum kemudian diterapkan pada Wikipedia percontohan untuk diterjemahkan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan setiap komunitas. Sebuah [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] penjelasan mengenai fitur ini juga tersedia untuk disimak. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di sejumlah besar wiki, kini semua pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed users'') dapat menggunakan halaman [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|membuat halaman baru dengan model konten khusus]], seperti daftar pesan massal, sehingga format halaman tersuai menjadi lebih mudah diakses. Untuk mengetahui statusnya di wiki masing-masing, silakan periksa halaman [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') telah meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|eksperimen pembuatan akun]] untuk mengevaluasi apakah penambahan tombol pembuatan akun pada bagian kepala halaman versi web seluler dapat meningkatkan jumlah pendaftaran akun baru sekaligus mendorong lebih banyak pengguna seluler untuk berkontribusi di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, eksperimen tersebut sedang berlangsung di Wikipedia bahasa Hindi, Indonesia, Bengali, Thai, dan Ibrani, serta menyasar 10% pengguna web seluler yang belum masuk log. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kendala yang menyebabkan VisualEditor berhenti pada proses pemuatan di perangkat Windows ketika animasi dinonaktifkan, kini telah berhasil diatasi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir pekan ini, {{int:group-abusefilter}} yang telah mengaktifkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting di halaman [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]], menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten di berbagai jenis penyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Perkakas dan bot yang mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|API Notifications]] melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi> perlu memperbarui izin OAuth atau BotPassword mereka agar juga mencakup akses ke notifikasi privat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Karena adanya pembaruan pustaka, urutan daftar pada halaman kategori mungkin akan menjadi tidak berurutan mulai Senin, 20 April. Sebuah skrip migrasi akan dijalankan untuk memperbaikinya, dan proses ini dapat berlangsung dari beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari, tergantung pada ukuran wiki (bahkan hingga sekitar satu minggu untuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 April 2026 15.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah dua tahun pengembangan, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], akan diluncurkan dari tahap beta pada Selasa, 21 April. Fitur ini membawa peningkatan keterbacaan kode dan teks wiki, pengurangan kesalahan pengetikan, beserta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|manfaat]] lainnya bagi semua pengguna penyorot sintaks standar. Ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada sukarelawan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] yang telah mengembangkan banyak fitur baru, termasuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|pelipatan kode]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|pemeriksaan sintaks]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebuah pembaruan besar untuk aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS kini sedang diluncurkan, dengan antarmuka yang didesain ulang agar selaras dengan desain visual terbaru Apple, "Liquid Glass". Silakan [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 unduh versi terbaru] dan telusuri pembaruannya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Daftar bacaan]] merupakan fitur yang memungkinkan para pembaca menyimpan artikel ke dalam daftar untuk dibaca nanti. Fitur ini sedang dalam tahap beta di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Mandarin, serta secara bawaan untuk semua akun baru di semua Wikipedia. * Percobaan yang mengeksplorasi perluasan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Pratinjau Halaman ke versi seluler]] akan diluncurkan pada pekan tanggal 20 April di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, Polandia, dan Vietnam. Pratinjau Halaman merupakan jendela sembulan yang menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala untuk membuka artikel lengkap dari pranala berwarna biru, sehingga memudahkan pengguna dalam menemukan konten. Fitur ini sudah tersedia di versi desktop dan aplikasi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Lihat selengkapnya mengenai uji coba ini dan uji coba lainnya]]. * Di beberapa wiki, para penyunting yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surel mereka]] sekarang dapat melihat spanduk yang meminta mereka untuk lakukan hal tersebut. Dengan memiliki alamat surel yang terkonfirmasi, pengguna dapat memulihkan akses ke akunnya jika akun tersebut tidak dapat diakses. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:15}} {{PLURAL:15|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pemuatan lambat, tampilan pratinjau yang lambat, dan guliran yang lambat saat menyunting halaman wiki berukuran sangat besar di editor teks wiki 2017, serta masalah kinerja saat memilih, memotong, atau menempelkan konten, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari upaya mempromosikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] dari status fitur beta, seluruh pengguna kini akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] alih-alih [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman konten berformat JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Layanan <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> yang selama ini digunakan oleh pengguna Debian dan Ubuntu akan dihentikan dan tidak lagi berfungsi mulai 15 Mei. Sumber daya yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk layanan ini akan dialihkan ke opsi baru yang dinilai lebih baik. Sejumlah pengguna mungkin perlu beralih ke peladen lain yang diperkirakan hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar satu menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia untuk dibaca]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * Tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> akan dihapus dari [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. Jika perkakas atau kueri yang digunakan masih mengakses tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> atau <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> secara langsung, disarankan untuk segera memperbaruinya agar menggunakan tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> sebelum 28 Mei. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Setelah penerapan terbaru mengenai pembatasan laju global API (''global API rate limits'') pada lalu lintas yang tidak teridentifikasi, Wikimedia Foundation akan melanjutkan upaya untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]] dengan mulai menerapkan pembatasan global juga pada lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi, dimulai pada pekan terakhir April. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin guna meminimalkan dampak terhadap komunitas. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan pada dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] serta bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] kini telah tersedia dalam versi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. API ini berfungsi untuk mengambil informasi yang diperlukan dalam memberikan atribusi (kredit) terhadap artikel dan berkas media Wikimedia di mana pun konten tersebut digunakan. Dokumentasi referensi tersedia melalui halaman spesial REST Sandbox yang dapat diakses di seluruh wiki Wikimedia (misalnya [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]). Umpan balik dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 April 2026 14.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 April 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/News and notes|Six Serbian Wikipedia editors banned following controversy about political bias]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/In the media|Could Wikipedia be involved in Massachusetts' proposed social media ban for minors?]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Gallery|March equinox]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Traffic report|Time to change my galaxy in case, we outta space!]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Comix|Of skirts and articles]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 21 April 2026 06.50 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30434643 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 26 April 2026 00.57 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == This Month in Education: April 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 27 April 2026 16.01 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30406002 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Terdapat perubahan dalam cara pengguna baru memperoleh status terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') yang bertujuan meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap vandalisme. Selama ini, pengguna yang telah memiliki akun selama beberapa hari dan melakukan sejumlah suntingan akan otomatis masuk ke dalam kelompok [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]]. Namun, pengaturan ini kerap dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian pelaku vandalisme yang membuat akun lalu baru menggunakannya setelah beberapa waktu. Untuk mengatasinya, aturan tersebut akan diperbarui mulai pekan depan. Dalam penentuan status terkonfirmasi otomatis, usia akun akan dihitung sejak suntingan pertama, bukan sejak tanggal pendaftaran. Nilai ambang usia tetap tidak berubah. Perubahan ini hanya akan diterapkan pada wiki yang menuntut sekurang-kurangnya satu suntingan sebagai bagian dari kriteria terkonfirmasi otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * Kini, seluruh pengguna Wikipedia dengan akun baru, serta mereka yang mengaktifkan opsi "Secara otomatis mengaktifkan sebagian besar fitur beta" dalam preferensi, dapat menggunakan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|daftar bacaan]] (''reading lists''). Fitur ini membantu mengelola minat membaca dalam satu tempat agar mudah diakses. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar pada kotak info (''infobox'') memiliki jarak kosong yang sangat besar di Firefox kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai pengingat, pembatasan laju global pada API (''rate limits'') akan mulai diterapkan pekan ini terhadap lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi. Langkah ini bertujuan menjaga [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|penggunaan infrastruktur tetap adil]]. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang disarankan mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk batasan yang berlaku, dapat dilihat pada dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] dan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 April 2026 18.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] mengundang para penyunting berpengalaman dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|Wikipedia percontohan]]: Arab, Bengali, Jepang, Portugis, Persia, Turki, Inggris Sederhana, Spanyol, dan Prancis, untuk turut membantu menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance contoh kerangka artikel]. Kerangka ini akan menjadi pedoman bagi para penyunting dalam menyusun artikel yang jelas, terstruktur dengan baik, dan sesuai dengan kebijakan, saat [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle fitur tersebut] resmi diluncurkan pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Petunjuk sederhana]] mengenai cara menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan kerangka tersebut juga telah disediakan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|rancangan rekomendasi]] mengenai model yang dapat diikuti oleh para organisasi afiliasi ketika berkontribusi di ranah teknis. Anggota komunitas diundang untuk memberikan umpan balik terhadap rekomendasi ini hingga 8 Mei melalui [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Jumlah pilihan ukuran keluku (''thumbnail'') di MediaWiki kini disederhanakan menjadi tiga opsi baku: Kecil (180 piksel), Sedang (250 piksel), dan Besar (400 piksel), sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kinerja serta mengurangi beban pada layanan keluku. Akibatnya, preferensi yang sudah ada akan dipetakan ke ukuran baru yang paling mendekati (misalnya, pilihan kecil seperti 120 piksel atau 150 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 180 piksel, sementara pilihan lebih besar seperti 300 piksel atau 360 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 400 piksel). Antarmuka preferensi akan segera diperbarui untuk mencerminkan perubahan ini. Pengguna yang ingin menonaktifkan atau memberikan umpan balik dipersilakan melakukannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * Mulai saat ini, bahkan ketika suatu hak akses berakhir secara otomatis, pengguna tetap akan menerima pemberitahuan melalui Echo yang serupa dengan pemberitahuan standar untuk perubahan hak akses. Hal ini berbeda dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|bot pengingat global]] yang mengingatkan pengguna satu minggu ''sebelum'' hak akses berakhir agar dapat diperpanjang. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada pemilih bahasa ULS di [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] yang sebelumnya dapat bergulir secara vertikal meskipun tidak diperlukan, kini telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, saat pengguna membuka menu tarik-turun "Terjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris" dan mengetikkan masukan tertentu, kotak dialog akan bergeser beberapa piksel ke bawah meskipun ruang tampilan masih mencukupi. Kini, menu tersebut tidak lagi bergeser secara tidak perlu saat menyaring bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami peningkatan. Sebagai contoh, daftar pantauan untuk situs berbasis Wikibase seperti [[:d:|Wikidata]] kini mendukung elemen [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] untuk pelacakan yang lebih baik. Mode pembaruan langsung kini menyegarkan halaman khusus setiap 60 detik agar selaras dengan pembatasan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|laju API global terbaru]], sehingga meningkatkan respons waktu nyata. Selain itu, kesalahan arah teks yang sebelumnya menampilkan pranala sebagai "perubahan 3" alih-alih "3 perubahan" dalam daftar dengan arah campuran juga telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tahap kedua penerapan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|pembatasan laju API global]] telah diluncurkan untuk mengurangi [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|dampak perayap kecerdasan buatan]] serta memastikan akses yang adil dan berkelanjutan terhadap sumber daya Wikimedia, dengan memprioritaskan lalu lintas manusia dan yang selaras dengan misi. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Batasan]] yang sebelumnya dihitung per jam kini diubah menjadi per menit, sehingga menghasilkan pola lalu lintas yang lebih halus dan beban API yang lebih terprediksi. Pengguna komunitas diperkirakan tidak akan terdampak, dan tidak ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan. Indikasi awal menunjukkan bahwa sebagian peminta berbasis User-Agent mulai menyesuaikan perilakunya, dan sekitar 64% lalu lintas API otomatis telah berhasil diidentifikasi. Pemantauan terus dilakukan, dan layanan Wikimedia Enterprise tetap tersedia untuk dukungan komersial. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Mèi 2026 20.42 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IV, April 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: How the GLAM Community Can Shine in the 2026–27 Annual Plan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: WikiConf Argentina and GLAM projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Documenting and citing oral knowledge in audio and video * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiCon Australia, ICIP, Orphan works and Trans-Tasman partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia Brasil publishes book on the power and challenges of free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We celebrate Public Domain Day with an expert panel / Celebramos el día del dominio público con un Panel de expertas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ongoing and New GLAM-Wiki Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime event at Auckland Museum & an update for WiR NZBSI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD in Action: Digitization, Wikisource and Educational Workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Developments: Residencies, Partnerships and Audiovisual Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: April in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Le Donne di Villa Massimo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A tenth-century Quran and Islamic Art in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki MIT launches and US meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Update on the BHL Annual Meeting 27 April - 1 May & BHL Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Eight new articles on MoW inscriptions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Mèi 2026 13.50 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30513880 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas Teknis telah mempublikasikan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|panduan baru]] yang menjelaskan bagaimana keinginan pada Daftar Harapan Komunitas disaring dan diprioritaskan. Dokumentasi ini bertujuan untuk membantu kontributor baru dalam menulis proposal yang lebih baik dengan menjelaskan faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan prioritas. Selain hitungan suara, panduan ini menyorot pertimbangan seperti potensi dampak pada komunitas ketika menentukan keinginan yang akan diteruskan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca sedang meluncurkan pengujian untuk menakar [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|fitur Kartu Berbagi]] yang memungkinkan pembaca untuk membuat kartu yang menarik secara visual dari artikel Wikipedia atau bagian artikel yang dipilih dan membagikannya secara daring. Setiap kartu akan menautkan kembali ke artikel awal untuk meningkatkan pembaca dan penemuan artikel. Pengujian A/B hanya perangkat seluler akan tersedia pada beberapa pembaca di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tiongkok, Prancis, Vietnam, dan Inggris untuk memahami lebih lanjut tentang kebiasaan pembaca dan pembagian, dan akan dijadwalkan dimulai pada pekan 18 Mei dan berjalan selama empat minggu. * Aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dan iOS meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|tantangan membaca 25 hari]] ke fitur Beta sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan pembaca dengan mendorong pengguna menyelesaikan pencapaian bacaan. Untuk melacak rentetan bacaan mereka selama periode tantangan, pengguna aplikasi dapat menambahkan gawit Baby Globe pada layar utama mereka. Tantangan ini secara resmi dimulai pada 11 Mei. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:17}} {{PLURAL:17|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, masalah ketika pengaturan global untuk mengaktifkan penyorotan sintaks pada teks wiki dapat menonaktifkan dirinya sendiri secara tiba-tiba setelah diaktifkan, sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Perihal kelanjutan]] Modul ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, sudah dihentikan sejak [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], akan dihapus pekan ini. Terdapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|panduan untuk memigrasikannya dari UI MediaWiki ke Codex]] untuk perkakas apa pun yang menggunakannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Mèi 2026 19.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Abstract Wikipedia telah mengidentifikasi lima wiki potensial untuk menilai ketertarikan mereka dalam mengadopsi artikel abstrak di wiki masing-masing. Wiki percontohan tersebut meliputi Wikipedia bahasa Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arab, dan Indonesia. Masa pemberian masukan akan dibuka hingga 22 Mei. Jika komunitas Anda tertarik menjadi bagian dari proyek uji coba ini, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|silakan beri tahu kami melalui Meta]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebuah uji coba untuk menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log di web seluler akan dimulai pada 18 Mei di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, serta Urdu, dan berlangsung selama satu bulan. Upaya ini mendukung tujuan yang lebih luas untuk membantu pembaca menyimpan dan mengatur artikel agar dapat dibaca kembali di lain waktu, sekaligus mendorong kebiasaan yang berpotensi mengarah pada kontribusi di Wikipedia pada masa mendatang. * Untuk mendukung tombol markah dalam fitur beta Daftar Bacaan, menu "Perkakas > Tindakan" kini diperbarui dengan tampilan ikon, termasuk penanda bintang pantauan yang membantu penyunting mengenali artikel yang dipantau sementara. Ikon-ikon tersebut kini juga disesuaikan dengan tampilan di perangkat seluler sehingga menciptakan konsistensi antarplatform yang lebih baik. Perubahan ini saat ini masih terbatas pada menu tindakan dan terutama memengaruhi penyunting dengan hak pengguna khusus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] telah dirilis sebagai sebuah [[w:en:A/B test|uji A/B]] bagi penyunting baru di situs web seluler pada [[phab:T421189|sekitar 15 Wikipedia]]. Eksperimen ini akan mengukur dampak Mode Saran terhadap persentase sesi penyuntingan pengguna baru di web seluler yang menghasilkan suntingan artikel yang konstruktif (''unreverted''). Selain itu, uji coba ini juga akan mengevaluasi pengaruh fitur tersebut terhadap tingkat retensi penyunting, serta memantau perubahan pada tingkat pengembalian suntingan (''revert'') dan pemblokiran pengguna. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada aplikasi Wikipedia Android yang terkadang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat setelah membuka notifikasi daftar bacaan rekomendasi kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata]] telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|rekomendasi pengganti sistem sisi belakang]] beserta rancangan [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|arsitektur teknis]] untuk migrasi Layanan Kueri Wikidata (WDQS) dari grap Blazegraph. Masukan dibuka hingga 25 Mei 2026, terutama berkenaan dengan kemungkinan celah maupun dampaknya terhadap penggunaan tingkat lanjut. Anggota komunitas Wikidata dan pengguna WDQS juga didorong untuk membantu mengidentifikasi perkakas dan alur kerja berdampak tinggi yang mungkin memerlukan perhatian lebih pada [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|halaman terkait]]. Masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|halaman pembicaraan migrasi]] atau saat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|sesi pembicaraan berikutnya]]. Lihat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala tim WDP]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Jepang, dan beberapa bahasa lainnya, sempat dilakukan [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|uji coba penggunaan hCaptcha]], layanan pendeteksi bot pihak ketiga. Uji coba tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hCaptcha cukup efektif dalam mendeteksi dan menghambat sejumlah aktivitas otomatis yang dilakukan dengan niat buruk, baik secara langsung maupun dengan memberikan sinyal tambahan kepada [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|para pemeriksa dan penatalayan]] untuk melakukan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Karena hasilnya dinilai positif, hCaptcha akan diterapkan di seluruh wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|Lihat halaman proyek hCaptcha]] untuk informasi teknis mengenai implementasi dan perlindungan privasinya. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Kabar terbaru dari Teknis Komunitas kini telah tersedia, menampilkan perkembangan berbagai inisiatif Daftar Harapan Komunitas, termasuk perluasan fitur Daftar Bacaan dari aplikasi seluler ke situs web, dukungan bahasa baru untuk fitur "Siapa yang Menulisnya" ("''Who Wrote That''") dan Dasbor Pribadi, peningkatan pada perenderan 3D dan grafik, serta rencana pengembangan mendatang mengenai pengurutan halaman pembicaraan, pemutaran audio, dan alur penyuntingan. Pembaruan tersebut juga membagikan prioritas saat ini, tren status daftar harapan, serta peluang bagi komunitas untuk memberikan masukan mengenai fokus pengembangan di masa depan dan Rencana Tahunan Wikimedia Foundation 2026–2027. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Baca nawala lengkapnya untuk informasi lebih lanjut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18 Mèi 2026 20.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == ''The Signpost'': 22 May 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/News and notes|Offline: Osama Khalid still in prison]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In the media|Indonesian editors, you shall return!]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Disinformation report|Who is a typical paid editor? Who are their typical clients?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Recent research|WikiLambda the Ultimate]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Traffic report|This is where I'll be, so heavenly, so come and dance with me Michael!]] * Forum: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Forum|WikiAnnotate: help us build a dataset of article quality evaluations]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In focus|Demystifying the 2026-27 Annual Plan]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Opinion|Wikipedia isn't a battleground. So why does it feel like one?]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Serendipity|Wikinews: Into the Wikiverse]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Special report|Wikimedia Foundation closes Wikinews after 21 years]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Community view|Wikipedia's traffic drop: more on languages and freshness]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Gallery|Earth Day and Mother's Day]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Comix|Brother, can you spare a page?]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 22 Mèi 2026 05.19 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Bri@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30513885 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|uji coba pembuatan akun berjalan dengan sukses]], pesan peringatan penyuntingan bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log akan diterapkan ke seluruh wiki Wikimedia pada minggu pertama Juni. Perubahan ini hanya akan memengaruhi pengguna yang belum masuk log di web seluler ketika mereka membuka sesi penyuntingan. Pengalaman baru tersebut dirancang untuk mendorong pembuatan akun dengan lebih jelas, sambil tetap memungkinkan pengguna menyunting menggunakan akun sementara. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam pembuatan akun, dengan kenaikan relatif sebesar 27% pada pengguna yang melihat pesan terbaru tersebut. Seperti yang diperkirakan, semakin banyak pengguna yang diarahkan untuk membuat akun, jumlah akun sementara pun menurun sebesar 16% secara relatif. Percobaan ini tidak menunjukkan perubahan signifikan terhadap tingkat suntingan konstruktif atau metrik kontributor lain yang dipantau. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Demi alasan keamanan, anggota dari kelompok pengguna tertentu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Anggota dari kelompok tersebut tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan metode 2FA terakhir pada akun mereka, dan pengguna tanpa 2FA juga tidak dapat ditambahkan ke kelompok tersebut. Pengguna masih dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama setidaknya satu metode tetap aktif setiap saat. Dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok tersebut. Secara khusus, ketentuan ini berlaku juga bagi para birokrat. Jadwal penerapannya dapat dilihat pada tugas terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Tim Harapan Teknis Wikimedia Deutschland]] akan menjalankan [[w:en:A/B testing|uji A/B]] di [[:phab:T415904|10 wiki]] untuk menguji sejumlah kemungkinan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|Pratayang Referensi]]. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung selama sekitar dua minggu pada akhir Mei hingga awal Juni, dan akan memengaruhi 10% pembaca desktop di wiki yang berpartisipasi. * Setelah dua uji coba yang berhasil, tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penelusuran Gambar]] untuk seluruh Wikipedia versi seluler pada 25 Mei. Dengan demikian, pengguna yang mengaktifkan seluruh fitur beta secara bawaan akan mulai melihat fitur ini, sementara pengguna lain dapat mengaktifkannya melalui preferensi masing-masing. Fitur beta tersebut akan menampilkan karusel seluruh gambar dalam sebuah artikel di bagian atas halaman artikel, lengkap dengan [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|kendali bagi penyunting untuk mengecualikan gambar tertentu dari karusel artikel atau mengecualikan artikel sepenuhnya dari fitur ini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, berkas STL tiga dimensi sebelumnya ditampilkan secara tidak tepat oleh ekstensi penampil media (''media viewer'') 3D, dan masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kelas CSS lama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> telah digantikan oleh <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> karena kedua kelas lama tersebut tidak bekerja secara konsisten di seluruh platform MediaWiki, terutama pada web seluler dan aplikasi seluler. Proyek yang masih menggunakan kelas tersebut dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaannya dan mulai merencanakan migrasi. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> juga berpotensi tidak digunakan lagi di masa mendatang, meskipun saat ini belum ada rencana untuk melakukannya. [[phab:T426452|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Mèi 2026 21.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Pemungutan suara dalam pemilihan U4C 2026 kini telah dibuka</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Para pemilih yang memenuhi syarat diundang untuk berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Komite Koordinasi Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) tahun 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk pemeriksaan kelayakan pemilih, tata cara pemungutan suara, informasi kandidat, dan pranala menuju halaman pemungutan suara, tersedia di Meta pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|halaman informasi Pemilihan 2026]]. Pemungutan suara akan ditutup pada 2 Juni 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 pukul 00.00 UTC]. Silakan memberikan suara apabila akun Anda memenuhi syarat. Hasil pemilihan akan diumumkan paling lambat pada 14 Juni 2026. — Bekerja sama dengan U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 27 Mèi 2026 17.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Survey (proposed direction for Wishlist) == Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}. You are invited to voice your opinion on a new [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|community-proposed direction]] for the [[m:Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 29 Mèi 2026 03.07 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:기나ㅏㄴ@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%EA%B8%B0%EB%82%98%E3%85%8F%E3%84%B4/MassMessage&oldid=30604233 --> == This Month in Education: May 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 5 • May 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities|Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania|Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Debating free license in Brazil|Debating free license in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India|Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects|Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges|Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem|Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria|Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities|Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year|Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 1 Juni 2026 16.53 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30604297 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] sedang menjalankan sebuah eksperimen untuk menampilkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|daftar bacaan]], yang saat ini masih dalam tahap pengembangan, kepada pembaca seluler yang belum masuk log. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji apakah fitur tersebut dapat mendorong pembuatan akun dengan tingkat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tombol bintang pantauan. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|Eksperimen ]]ini diluncurkan pada 18 Mei di wiki bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, dan Urdu, serta akan berlangsung selama satu bulan. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia telah merilis [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Fase 1]] dari beranda yang telah didesain ulang pada aplikasi Android Beta. Beranda baru ini mencakup tab "Komunitas" yang diperbarui serta tab "Untuk Anda" yang dipersonalisasi, yang menampilkan rekomendasi bacaan yang diperbarui setiap hari. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan penemuan konten serta menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih menarik di aplikasi Wikipedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:18}} {{PLURAL:18|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat pada beberapa suntingan yang disarankan di [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], sehingga keluku (''thumbnail'') terus berada dalam keadaan memuat, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Juni 2026 21.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> 3w6nd5laur0y08kg9gbj3v50v0nckvf 0 195524 1751053 1725099 2026-07-01T21:24:10Z Ardianto22 66871 /* */ 1751053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Wikipédia basa Jawa|ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ}} {{Infobox Website | name = ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ | logo = [[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv-java.svg]]<br>[[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.svg]] | screenshot = [[Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2021-05-01.png|240px]] | caption = ''ꦱꦼꦏꦿꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦠ꧀''ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮꦲꦶꦁꦠꦔ꧀ꦒꦭ꧀꧇꧑꧇ꦩꦺꦲꦶ꧇꧒꧐꧒꧑꧇ | url = {{URL|https://jv.wikipedia.org}} | commercial = ꦲꦺꦴꦫ | type = ꦧꦲꦸꦮꦂꦤ''ꦎꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀'' | language = ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | registration = ꦩꦤꦱꦸꦏ | owner = ꦪꦼꦪꦱꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦩꦺꦢꦶꦪ | author = | launch date = ꧇꧘꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧐꧔꧇ | current status = | revenue = }} ꧋'''ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮ'''ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦒꦒꦿꦒ꧀ꦧꦱꦗꦮ[[ꦌꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦥꦺꦝꦶ|ꦧꦲꦸꦮꦂꦤ]]ꦒꦸꦩꦛꦸꦏ꧀[[ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪ]]꧉ꦲꦂꦠꦶꦏꦼꦭ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦭꦺꦩꦏꦥꦶꦱꦤꦺꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸ[[ꦧꦱꦗꦮ]]꧈ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦠꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀[[꧇꧘꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀]][[꧇꧒꧐꧐꧔꧇]]<ref> * ꦄꦂꦠꦶꦏꦼꦭ꧀ꦥꦭꦶꦁꦥꦼꦂꦠꦩꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸ[[ꦧꦱꦗꦮ]]꧈ꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦩꦼꦂꦱꦻꦴꦭ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧐꧔꧇꧈ꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀꧇꧘꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀꧉ * ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦏꦸꦮꦶꦧꦼꦱꦸꦠꦤ꧀ꦏ꧇꧘꧇꧉ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀꧇꧗꧇ꦧꦼꦱꦸꦠꦤ꧀ꦱꦏ꧀ꦢꦺꦫꦺꦔꦺꦲꦂꦠꦶꦏꦼꦭ꧀ꦥꦭꦶꦁꦥꦼꦂꦠꦩ: * ꦤꦺꦴꦩꦼꦂ꧇꧗꧇: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=7 ꦧꦼꦱꦸꦠꦤ꧀ꦩꦼꦂꦱꦻꦴꦭ꧀ꦥꦼꦂꦠꦩ] - ꧇꧘꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀ * ꦤꦺꦴꦩꦼꦂ꧇꧔꧗꧙꧒꧇: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&diff=prev&oldid=4742 ꦧꦼꦱꦸꦠꦤ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦕꦶꦠꦏꦤ꧀:ꦄꦭ꧀_ꦩꦺꦱꦒꦼꦱ꧀] - ꧇꧒꧒꧇ꦥꦺꦧꦿꦸꦮꦫꦶ * ꦤꦺꦴꦩꦼꦂ꧇꧕꧇: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=5 ꦧꦼꦱꦸꦠꦤ꧀ꦲꦤꦺꦴꦤꦶꦩ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦤꦼꦂꦗꦼꦩꦃꦤꦺꦏꦕꦈꦠꦩ]꧇꧑꧕꧇ꦥꦺꦧꦿꦸꦮꦫꦶ * ꦤꦺꦴꦩꦼꦂ꧇꧔꧇: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&oldid=4 ꦧꦼꦱꦸꦠꦤ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦕꦶꦛꦏꦤ꧀:ꦄꦭ꧀_ꦩꦺꦱ꧀ꦱꦒꦼꦱ꧀] - ꧇꧒꧙꧇ꦗꦤꦸꦮꦫꦶ꧇꧒꧐꧐꧔꧇ * ꦧꦼꦱꦸꦠꦤ꧀ꦥꦭꦶꦁꦥꦼꦂꦠꦩꦱꦶꦁꦏꦼꦕꦠꦺꦠ꧀ꦪꦆꦏꦸꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀꧇꧒꧓꧇ꦗꦤꦸꦮꦫꦶ꧇꧒꧐꧐꧓꧇[https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&oldid=1]ꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁ[[Naraguna:Patrick|ꦤꦫꦒꦸꦤ:ꦥꦺꦠꦿꦶꦏ꧀]] ([[Mirunggan:Pasumbanging_naraguna/Patrick|1 pasumbangan]])</ref>꧉ꦠꦼꦏꦤ꧀ꦱꦲꦶꦏꦶ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}})꧈ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ꦲꦂꦠꦶꦏꦼꦭ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ꧉ ꧋ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦩꦺꦭꦸꦥꦻꦴꦒꦺꦫꦤ꧀ꦥꦻꦴꦒꦺꦫꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦲꦶꦁꦒꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧉ꦲꦶꦁꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮꦏꦧꦺꦃꦄꦂꦠꦶꦏꦼꦭ꧀ꦲꦸꦒꦏꦸꦝꦸꦢꦶꦠꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦮ[[Wikipédia:Cara ndeleng nétral|ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪ:ꦕꦫꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦊꦁꦤꦺꦠꦿꦭ꧀]]ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦲꦶꦁꦧꦱꦆꦁꦒꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦢꦶꦲꦫꦤꦶ''ꦤꦼꦲꦸꦠꦿꦭ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦮꦶꦤ꧀ꦠ꧀ꦲꦸꦥ꦳꧀ꦮ꦳ꦶꦪꦺꦮ꧀''꧉ ꧋ꦏꦲꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦩꦺꦮꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦏꦺꦃꦔꦩꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦲꦂꦠꦶꦏꦼꦭ꧀ꦲꦂꦠꦶꦏꦼꦭ꧀ꦧꦧ꧀ꦥꦿꦏꦫꦏꦗꦮꦺꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦩ꧀ꦭꦶꦒꦶꦧꦧ꧀ꦧꦱ꧈ꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦸꦢꦪꦗꦮ꧉ ==ꦤꦫꦒꦸꦤꦲꦏ꧀ꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀== ꧋ꦤꦫꦒꦸꦤꦩꦺꦴꦧꦃꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦗꦮꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦭꦶꦒꦶꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦏ[[ꦠꦤꦃꦗꦮ]]꧈ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦩꦁꦒꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦔꦏ꧀ꦱꦺꦱ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦱꦏ[[ꦗꦏꦂꦠ]]꧉ꦪꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦁꦔꦏꦺꦏꦫꦺꦴꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧈ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮꦕꦕꦲꦺꦤꦫꦒꦸꦤꦏꦁꦏꦥꦿꦠꦺꦭꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦱꦪꦩꦤꦺꦃꦤꦫꦒꦸꦤꦏꦁꦩꦺꦴꦧꦃꦱꦶꦛꦶꦏ꧀ꦧꦔꦼꦠ꧀‌꧈ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦢꦶꦤꦲꦶꦏꦶꦩꦸꦁꦤꦤ{{NUMBEROFUSERS}}ꦤꦫꦒꦸꦤꦏꦥꦿꦠꦺꦭꦤ꧀꧈ꦏꦩꦁꦏꦪꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦢꦼꦊꦁꦱꦏꦕꦕꦲꦺꦥꦼꦤꦸꦠꦸꦂ꧈ꦧꦱꦗꦮꦆꦏꦶꦥꦼꦤꦸꦠꦸꦂꦲꦶꦧꦸꦤꦺꦲꦤꦏꦸꦫꦁꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃ꧇꧖꧐꧇ꦪꦸꦠꦗꦶꦮ꧉<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.htm|title=ꦧꦢꦤ꧀ꦥꦸꦱꦠ꧀ Statistik|website=www.bps.go.id|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> ==ꦕꦫꦤꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀== ꧋ꦥꦱꦁꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦲꦸꦠꦮꦥꦔꦺꦗꦄꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦁꦒꦺꦴꦲꦶꦁꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦼꦢꦱꦂ''ꦲꦺꦗꦲꦤ꧀ꦉꦱ꧀ꦩꦶꦧꦱꦗꦮ''ꦩꦶꦠꦸꦫꦸꦠ꧀''ꦥꦸꦱꦠ꧀ꦧꦱ''ꦲꦶꦁ[[ꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ|ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ]]ꦮꦼꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀[[꧇꧑꧙꧙꧑꧇]]꧉ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦲꦤꦥꦿꦧꦺꦢꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦩꦢꦶꦲꦼꦁꦒꦺꦴꦆꦁꦱꦮꦠꦫꦏꦭꦮꦂꦠꦶꦧꦱꦗꦮ꧉ꦲꦶꦁꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮ꧈ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁꦧꦻꦴꦮꦂꦤ꧈ꦥꦱꦁꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦏꦁꦢꦶꦲꦼꦁꦒꦺꦴꦲꦶꦏꦸꦩꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦂꦥꦱꦁꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦏꦁꦢꦶꦲꦼꦁꦒꦺꦴꦤꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦁ[[ꦧꦲꦸꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ]]꧉ꦢꦝꦶꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫ'ꦼ'ꦥꦺꦥꦺꦠ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀'ꦺ'(ꦲꦸꦠꦮ'ꦺ')ꦠꦭꦶꦁꦢꦶꦧꦺꦢꦏ꧀ꦏꦏꦺ꧉ꦢꦝꦶꦱꦺꦗꦺꦃꦏꦫꦺꦴꦏꦭꦮꦂꦠꦶꦲꦶꦁꦔꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦼꦥꦼꦠ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦭꦶꦁꦢꦶꦠꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦥꦢꦮꦤꦺꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏ'ꦼ'ꦔ꧀ꦭꦼꦒꦼꦤ꧉ == ꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦶꦁꦲꦂꦠꦶꦏꦼꦭ꧀ == {{Tuwuhing-artikel}} == ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦪꦺꦏ꧀ꦭꦶꦪ == ꧋ꦱꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪ꧈ꦲꦤꦫꦺꦴꦁꦥꦿꦺꦴꦪꦺꦏ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦩꦺꦢꦪꦲꦺꦢꦶꦱꦶꦧꦱꦗꦮꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ꧈ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦮꦶꦏꦶꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ(ꦮꦶꦏ꧀ꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦂꦪ꧀)ꦭꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦱꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦂ(ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦱꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦂ)꧉ꦱꦥꦿꦺꦤꦺ {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wiktionary.org ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦗꦮ]}}ꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦧꦺꦤꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦗꦸꦭ꧀{{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wiktionary}}|-3}}}}ꦲꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ꧈ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦤꦺ{{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wikisource.org ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦱꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦂꦗꦮ]}}ꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦧꦺꦤꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦗꦸꦭ꧀{{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wikisource}}|-2}}}}ꦭꦪꦁ꧉<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=ꦱꦼꦠꦠꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦤ꧀|website=jv.wiktionary.org|publisher=Wiktionary basa Jawa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikisource.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=ꦱꦼꦠꦠꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦏ꧀|website=jv.wikisource.org|publisher=Wikisource basa Jawa}}</ref> == ꦒ꧀ꦭꦢꦿꦶ == <gallery> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-jv.png|ꦭꦺꦴꦒꦺꦴꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧐꧗꧇-꧇꧒꧐꧑꧒꧇.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=ꦄꦂꦱꦶꦥ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦣꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀꧇꧑꧐꧇ꦗꦸꦤꦶ꧇꧒꧐꧐꧗꧇|website=Internet Archive|date=2007-06-10|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2007-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610134658/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="jvwiki-2012">{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=ꦄꦂꦱꦶꦥ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀꧇꧒꧙꧇ꦎꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦧꦼꦂ꧇꧒꧐꧑꧒꧇|website=Internet Archive|date=2012-10-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2012-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029160452/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.png|ꦭꦺꦴꦒꦺꦴꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧑꧒꧇–꧇꧒꧐꧒꧐꧇.<ref name="jvwiki-2012" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|title=ꦲꦂꦱꦶꦥ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦣꦶꦪꦧꦲꦱꦗꦮꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀꧇꧒꧙꧇ꦩꦺ꧇꧑꧇꧇꧒꧐꧒꧐꧇|website=Internet Archive|date=2020-05-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529053022/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Kaca Utama Wikipedia Jawa 24-2-2008.jpg|''ꦱꦼꦏꦿꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦠ꧀''ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮꦲꦶꦁꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀꧇꧒꧔꧇ꦥ꦳ꦺꦧꦿꦸꦮꦫꦶ꧇꧒꧐꧐꧘꧇. Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2020-05-29.png|''ꦱꦼꦏꦿꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦠ꧀''ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮꦲꦶꦁꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀꧇꧒꧙꧇ꦩꦺ꧇꧑꧇꧇꧒꧐꧒꧐꧇. </gallery> == ꦫꦸꦗꦸꦏꦤ꧀ == {{Reflist}} == ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ == * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/jv.wikipedia.org ꦱꦼꦠꦠꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦗꦮ] * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm ꦱꦼꦠꦠꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦗꦮ꧇꧒꧐꧐꧔꧇–꧇꧒꧐꧑꧘꧇] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324164403/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm |date=2023-03-24 }} [[Kategori:ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦗꦮ]] [[Kategori:Wikipedia]] h8hsld0bp8t71phyme9286jn6g9tdh1 0 199200 1751073 1738479 2026-07-02T08:27:18Z ~2026-37791-96 73451 /* Dhaptar-Dhaptar Alpawangsa */ 1751073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Expand section}} '''Alpawangsa''' ing [[Basa Indhonésia|bahasa Indonesia]] disebut Negara Mikro. Negara Mikro iku Negara yang ora diakui [[Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]].Tapi nagara iki mengklaim negaranya sebagai [[negara mardika]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/micronation|title=Micronation {{!}} Law, Recognition, History, & Definition {{!}} Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref> == Dhaptar-Dhaptar Alpawangsa == ** [[Sealand]] ** [[Conch|Republik Conch]] ** Imperium Aerika ** Aeterna Lucina ** Akhzivland ** Negara Merdeka Aramoana ** Atlantium ** Austenasia ** ivan repobic ** Avram ** Phinbella Barat ** Republik Sosialis Bjorn ** Florida Barat Britania ** Bumbunga ** Celestia ** Christiania ** Copeman Empire ** Coral Sea Islands ** Elleore ** EnenKio ** Flandrensis ** Forvik ** Frestonia ** Negara Global Perdamaian Dunia ** Hajdučka Republika ** Hay-on-Wye ** Humanity ** Hutt River ** [[Indokistan]] ** Kugelmugel ** Ladonia ** Lagoan Isles ** L'Anse-Saint-Jean ** Liberland ** Llanrwst ** Kingdom of Lovely ** Lundy ** Marlborough ** Melchizedek ** Minerva ** [[Molossia]] ** Morac-Songhrati-Meads ** Neue Slowenische Kunst ** New Utopia ** Nova Roma ** Other World ** Perloja ** Peščenica ** Rainbow Creek ** Redonda ** Rose Island ** Saugeais ** Seborga ** Talossa ** Užupis ** Valtio ** Vikesland ** Wanstonia ** Waveland ** Wendland ** Westarctica ** Whangamomona ** Wirtland ** Wy ** Sotian ** [[Selacau Tunggul]] === Alpawangsa Lama === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" |- ! style="width:100px;"|Gendera!! style="width:100px;" |Berdiri!! style="min-width:250px;" |Nama ing [[Basa Inggris|Bahasa Inggris]] |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Australia}}}} |- | [[File:Flag of Aeterna Lucina.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{center|1978–1996}} | {{center|'''[[Sovereign State of Aeterna Lucina|Sovereign Humanitarian Mission State of Aeterna Lucia]]'''}} |- |{{N/A}} | {{center|1976–{{circa}}2000}} | {{center|'''[[Province of Bumbunga]]'''}} |- | [[File:Gay Pride Flag.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{center|2004–2017}} | {{center|'''[[Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands]]'''}} |- | [[File:Hutt River Flag.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|1970–2020}} | {{center|'''[[Principality of Hutt River]]'''}} |- | [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|75px]][[File:Royal Banner of Scotland.svg|75px]][[File:Australian Aboriginal Flag.svg|75px]][[File:Flag of the United Nations.svg|75px]]{{efn|The principality adopted all four of these flags.}} | {{centre|1993–1993}} | {{center|'''[[Principality of Marlborough]]'''}} |- | {{N/A}} | {{centre|1979-mid–1980s}} | {{center|'''[[Independent State of Rainbow Creek]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Brazil}}}} |- | [[File:Flag of the Principality of Trinidad.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|1893–1895}} | {{center|'''[[Principality of Trinidad]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Kanada}}}} |- | [[File:Flag of Outer Baldonia.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|1949–1973}} | {{center|'''[[Principality of Outer Baldonia]]'''}} |- | [[File:NewFlagVikesland.png|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|2005–2018}} | {{center|'''[[Kingdom of Vikesland]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Kroasia}}}} |- | {{N/A}} | {{centre|1992–2010}} | {{center|'''[[Republic of Peščenica]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Jerman}}}} |- | {{N/A}} | {{centre|1990–1993}} | {{center|'''[[Bunte Republik Neustadt]]'''}} |- | [[File:Flagge Rueterberg.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|1989}} | {{center|'''[[Rüterberg]]'''}} |- | {{N/A}} | {{centre|1980–1980}} | {{center|'''[[Free Republic of Wendland]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Indonesia}}}} |- | [[File:Flag of the Majapahit Empire.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|2018–2020}} | {{center|'''[[Keraton Agung Sejagat]]'''}} |- | [[File:Sunda Empire Flag Vector.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|2003–2020}} | {{center|'''[[Sunda Empire|Sunda Democratic Empire]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Italia}}}} |- | [[File:Rose Island Micronation flag.svg|150x150px]] | {{centre|1968–1969}} | {{center|'''[[Republic of Rose Island]]'''}} |- | {{N/A}} | {{centre|2008–2009}} | {{center|'''[[Mal di Ventre#Republic of Malu Entu|Republic of Malu Entu]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Jamaika}}}} |- | [[File:Flag of New Atlantis (1964-1966).svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|1964–1966}} | {{center|'''[[New Atlantis (micronation)|New Atlantis]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Selandia Baru}}}} |- | [[File:Flag of Aramoana.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|1980–1981}} | {{center|'''[[Independent State of Aramoana]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Nigeria}}}} |- | {{N/A}} | {{centre|1970–1977}} | {{center|'''[[Kalakuta Republic]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|[[Spratly Islands]]}} |- |align=center| | {{centre|1956–1974}} | {{center|'''[[Free Territory of Freedomland]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Tanganyika}}}} |- | [[File:Sultanate of M'Simbati flag.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|1959–1980}} | {{center|'''[[Sultanate of M'Simbati]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Tonga}}}} |- | [[File:Flag Minerva.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|1972–1982}} | {{center|'''[[Republic of Minerva]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Inggris}}}} |- | [[File:Flag of the Islands of Refreshment.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{center|1811–1816}} | {{center|'''[[Islands of Refreshment]]'''}} |- | [[File:Flag of Frestonia.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|1977–1980s}} | {{center|'''[[Frestonia]]'''}} |- | [[File:Flag of Lovely.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|2004–2013}} | {{center|'''[[How to Start Your Own Country#Kingdom of Lovely|Kingdom of Lovely]]'''}} |- |[[File:Flag of Waveland.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|1997}} | {{center|'''[[Rockall#Greenpeace visits and a 42 day record|Global State of Waveland]]'''}} |- | colspan="3" | {{center|{{flag|Amerika Serikat}}}} |- | [[File:Flag of Freedonia.svg|border|150x150px]] | {{centre|1997–2004}} |- |} === Dhaptar semua Alpawangsa === {{Micronations}} == Referensi == <references /> j1r3was8j3xdcd5wsp3kg0eut97lc9q 0 200346 1751058 1750152 2026-07-02T03:46:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751058 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kupat Glabed''' inggih menika dhaharan kas saking [[Kabupaten|Kabupatén]] [[Tegal]], [[Jawa]] [[Têngah|Tengah]]. Nama glabed dipundamel amargi kuahipun kentel, kuah kentel punika saking santen klapa ingkang sampun dipunparut. Kagem tiyang Tegal, glabed nunjukaken tékstur dhaharan ingkang kentel nalika dipundhahar. Suwé-suwé, tembung glabed utawi glabed-glabed wiwit ngalami owah-owahan tegesipun dados nama salah satunggaling dhaharan ingkang awujudipun pethikan kupat kanthi kuah kuning gurih ingkang kenthel. Ingkang damel kas kupat glabed kaliyan kupat sanés-sanésipun inggih menika ketupat kaliyan duduh kentel ingkang warni kuning.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanfood/kupat-glabed-sajian-mirip-opor-khas-tegal/2|title=Kupat Glabed, Sajian Mirip Opor Khas Tegal|last=FOOD|first=Kumparan|date=2018-6-18|access-date=2026-6-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kikomunal-indonesia.dgip.go.id/home/explore/origin/31499|title=Kupat Glabed Tegal|last=Prihanto, M.Si|first=Ir. R. Resti Drijo|date=2025-4-28|access-date=2026-6-2}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kupat glabed saged tahan wonten ing tengah-tengahipun èwah-èwahaning jaman. Kupat glabed Tegal tetep dados pilihan ingkang paling utami kanggé para wargi lokal utawi para tiyang manca kanggé dipunnikmati. Duduh kupat ingkang kentel kaliyan rempah-rempah ingkang kathah ndadosaken duduh kupat gadhah raos gurih kaliyan pedes ingkang nyawiji sampurna kaliyan ketupat ingkang lembut. Ganda arum saking bumbu rempah ndadosaken dhaharan menika saya ngundang napsu. == Bahan-bahan == Kanggé bahan kupat glabed inggih menika [[Kupat|ketupat]] saking [[beras]] ingkang dipunmasak wonten ing [[janur]], bahan-bahan utami sanés-sanésipun wonten [[Tempe bongkrèk|tempè]], serèh, [[Banyu|toya]], [[santen]], lisah goréng, kaliyan [[glepung]]. Kanggé duduh kupat wonten kalih warni, warni kuning lan warni abrit. Bumbu duduh kupat glabed ingkang warni kuning saking [[santen]], [[kunyit]], [[bawang]], [[kemiri]], [[kencur]], [[ketumbar]], kaliyan [[Uyah|sarem]]. Kanggé bumbu duduh kupat glabed ingkang warni abrit saking [[Lombok rawit|lombok]], [[bawang]], [[Laos (bumbu)|laos]], [[tomat]], [[Uyah|sarem]], [[Salam (tetanduran)|salam]], [[Gula jawa|gula]] [[Abang|abrit]] kaliyan [[Banyu|toya]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radartegal.disway.id/lokal/read/703201/kupat-glabed-tegal-kuliner-legendaris-yang-tetap-eksis-di-tengah-modernisasi|title=Kupat Glabed Tegal, Kuliner Legendaris yang Tetap Eksis di Tengah Modernisasi|last=radartegal.com|website=radartegal.com|language=id|access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Langkah-langkah == # Langkah-langkah ingkang sépisan kétupat dipunkukus ngantos mateng. # Bumbu duduh ingkang warni kuning lan warni abrit dipunalusaken. Ingkang sampun alus bumbu duduh warni kuning dipunmasak kaliyan serèh ngantos arum. # Salajengipun wuwuhaken tempè ingkang sampun dipungerus, lajeng dipuntambahaken santen, sarem, gula lan dipunmasak ngagem geni alit. Dipunudhek supados santen boten pecah. # Lajeng dipuntambahaken glepung ingkang sampun dipuncampur toya supados duduh menika kentel. # Kanggé bumbu warni abrit ingkang sampun alus, dipunmasak kanthi arum. # Lajeng dipuntambahaken santen, sarem kaliyan salam. Dipunmasak nganthi duduh menika kentel. # Kêtupat ingkang sampun mateng lajeng dipun iris-iris lan disajiaken kaliyan duduh warni kuning ingkang kathah, dipuntambahaken ugi duduh warni abrit kalih séndok mawon. # Kejawi menika, salah sawijining ciri kas kupat glabed wonten remahan kerupuk kuning, bawang goreng kaliyan ayam suwir ingkang kathah sanget ing inggilipun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radartegal.disway.id/amp/703201/kupat-glabed-tegal-kuliner-legendaris-yang-tetap-eksis-di-tengah-modernisasi|title=Kupat Glabed Tegal, Kuliner Legendaris yang Tetap Eksis di Tengah Modernisasi|last=Wati|first=Khikmah|date=2024-07-09|access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> Wonten ing tegal panjenengan saged ingkang gampil kepanggih sadèan kuah glabed Tegal ing pundi kemawon, wiwit saking peken utawi papan dhahar ing sisihipun margi. Lumrahipun sadéyan kupat glabet wonten ing wekdal-wekdal énjing utawi sonten. Kanggé regi kupat glabed wiwit Rp 5.000,00 dumugi Rp 15.000,00. Padatanipun kupat glabed ugi dipunsaji sareng-sareng kaliyan lawuh warna-warni kados [[saté]] [[Jeroan daging sapi|jeroan]] utawi [[sate|saté]] [[blengong]]. Wonten ing Tegal dhaharan menika asring wonten ing acara kaluarga kados syukuran utawi dinten riyaya. Kejawi menika kupat glabed ugi saged dados pengayom swasana kaluarga nalika kempal sesarengan. Kupat glabed boten namung dhaharan kemawon nanging ugi simbol budaya lan sejarah Tegal. Kaunikan saha keraosipun ingkang ndadosaken dipunremeni dèning pundi-pundi kalangan, sepuh utawi eném. Kupat glabed ugi nggambaraken bilih dhaharan tradhisional saged lestari ing éwah-éwahaning dhaharan modern. Sanadyan samenika sampun kathah pilihan dhaharan cepet saji, kupat glabed taksih kagungan papan ingkang istimewa wonten ing pundi kemawon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatengkita.id/headline/kupat-glabed-kuliner-tegal-sarat-rasa-dan-budaya/|title=Kupat Glabed, Kuliner Tegal Sarat Rasa dan Budaya|last=An Nisa|first=Sahri|date=2025-01-20|access-date=2026-28-05}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> pq51e6ld3nexpr749kykv14tujtkjvn 0 200471 1751064 1751039 2026-07-02T05:58:32Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751064 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tradhisi Laporan Suro''' yaiku tradhisi tola bala lan salah sawijining warisan budaya leluhur sing nganti saiki isih dijaga lan dilestarekake dening masyarakat [[Kabupatèn Blora|Kabupaten Blora]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://muria.tribunnews.com/2022/08/13/mengenal-lamporan-tradisi-tolak-bala-yang-masih-lestari-di-kunduran-blora-ada-obor-dan-barongan|title=Mengenal Lamporan, Tradisi Tolak Bala yang Masih Lestari di Kunduran Blora, Ada Obor dan Barongan|last=Mustakim|first=Ahmad|date=2022-08-13|website=muria.tribunnews.com|access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> Tradhisi iki wis ana wiwit jaman biyen lan diwarisake kanthi turun-temurun denung para leluhur marang generasi sabanjure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://berita.murianews.com/murianews/305113/ini-daftar-tradisi-bulan-sura-yang-masih-lestari-di-blora|title=Ini Daftar Tradisi Bulan Sura yang Masih Lestari di Blora|date=2022-07-28|website=berita.murianews.com|access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> == Tujuan lan Makna Tradisi == Tradhisi iki lumrahe dianakake saben sasi Suro minangka wujud panyuwunan lan donga supaya masyarakat tansah diparingi kaslametan lan diadohake saka bebaya, pageblug, lan sakabehe balak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloranews.com/pungkasan-suro-di-blora-tradisi-lamporan-kunden/|title=PUNGKASAN SURO DI BLORA : TRADISI LAMPORAN KUNDEN|date=2016-10-28|website=www.bloranews.com|access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> Sasi Suro dipercaya dening masyarakat Jawa minangka wektu kang nduweni suasana sakral lan makna spiritual. == Suasana lan Simbol Cahya Obor == Lamporan dikenal minangka [[tradhisi arak-arakan]] ing wayah wengi kanthi nggawa obor utawa oncor. Cahya obor kasebut dadi pralambang pepadhang urip lan pangarep-arep supaya warga tansah pinaringan katentreman lan karaharjan. Suasana tradhisi iki katon luwih sakral lan mistis amarga dilaksanakake ing wayah wengi kanthi iringan tetabuhan tradhisional lan donga adat. Salah sawijining paugeran sing isih dijaga nganti saiki yaiku kabeh lampu ing [[Désa|desa]] kudu dipateni nalika prosesi Lamporan lumaku. Tujuwane supaya cahya obor bisa sumunar kanthi cetha lan nambah rasa khidmat sajrone acara. Nalika kahanan desa peteng lan mung katerangan cahya obor, swasana Lamporan katon luwih magis lan nduweni makna kang jero. Cahya obor dipercaya minangka pralambang pepadhang kang bisa ngusir energi ala lan mara bebaya saka desa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://repository.uksw.edu/items/2d79c4cc-863d-4e25-bef0-4650b3cbfa50|title=Makna Tradisi Lamporan Bagi Masyarakat Desa Kunden di Kabupaten Blora|first=1. Mayasari, 2. Winda|date=2013|website=repository.uksw.edu|access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> == Lamporan Kang Diuripake Maneh == Miturut crita masyarakat setempat, tradhisi Lamporan Suran biyen tau suwé ora dianakake nganti meh ilang lan punah. Nanging amarga anane kepedulian para pegiat seni budaya lan para sesepuh [[Désa|desa]], tradhisi iki bisa diuripake maneh kanthi tata cara sing luwih tertib tanpa ngilangake nilai sakral lan ciri khas tradhisine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ucej/article/view/5865|title=Nilai-Nilai Pancasila dalam Tradisi Lamporan di Kelurahan Kunden Kabupaten Blora|date=2025-04-09|website=journal.unnes.ac.id|access-date=2026-06-02}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Prosesi Lamporan == Prosesi Lamporan biasane diawali kanthi donga bebarengan. Sawisé kuwi, para peserta miwiti nyunyuk lampor, yaiku mlaku ngubengi desa kanthi nggawa obor nganti tekan tengah wengi. Sajrone ngubengi [[Désa|desa]], rombongan bakal mampir menyang [[omah-omah]] warga kanggo njupuk sesaji utawa persembahan sing wis disiapake, kayata jajanan tradhisional lan asil bumi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blorakab.com/budaya-blora-mengenal-tradisi-dan-kearifan-lokal-yang-masih-terjaga-hingga-kini/|title=Budaya Blora: Mengenal Tradisi dan Kearifan Lokal yang Masih Terjaga Hingga Kini|date=2025-11-10|website=blorakab.com|access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> == Tokoh Kemamang == Ing jaman biyen, tradhisi iki uga dimeriahake kanthi anane tokoh Kemamang, yaiku wong sing awake dibuntel nganggo pelepah [[gedhang]] lan dipasangi mancung kang banjur disulut nganti metu bara geni. Tokoh Kemamang dipercaya nduweni makna minangka simbol tolak bala. Nanging kanggo dadi Kemamang ora kena sembarangan. Sajrone prosesi, Kemamang biasane dioyak bocah angon minangka pralambang ngusir bebaya saka desa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pertapakendeng.com/2025/07/kecamatan-todanan-menggelar-tradisi.html|title=Kecamatan Todanan Menggelar Tradisi Lamporan Bulan Suro|date=2025-07-24|access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> == Lamporan Minangka Sarana Kerukunan == Saliyane minangka tradhisi spiritual, Lamporan uga dadi sarana ngukuhake kerukunan masyarakat. Tradhisi iki melu nglibatake kabeh lapisan masyarakat, wiwit bocah-bocah nganti wong tuwa. Kanthi lestarine tradhisi Lamporan, masyarakat ngarep-arep supaya warisan budaya leluhur iki bisa terus dijaga lan dikenal dening generasi mudha supaya ora ilang katelan perkembangan jaman.[1]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greenindonesia.co/obor-menyala-tujuh-malam-di-dalangan/|title=Obor Menyala Tujuh Malam di Dalangan|date=2025-08-19|website=greenindonesia.co|access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> == Rujukan == rt9p76vfzhbh8rn7urhm04bopuy9ek3 0 200565 1751044 2026-07-01T16:33:10Z Meursault2004 3 Rintisan saka [[:en:Robert Beltran|]] 1751044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inuse}} '''Robert Beltran''' iku sawijiné aktor Amérika Sarékat. 2257ri3w4epjl9d1uczyh2cq6jm7kg1 1751059 1751044 2026-07-02T04:39:55Z Meursault2004 3 + foto 1751059 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Robert Beltran (8733356543).jpg|thumb|Robert Beltran (2013)]] '''Robert Beltran''' (lair 19 Novèmber 1953) iku sawijiné aktor Amérika Sarékat. ==Pranala njaba== {{Commons}} *{{IMDb name}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Beltran, Robert}} [[Category:Lair 1953]] jh7oolyaxalquv59l9ai2yb1xwe8s4d 0 200566 1751060 2026-07-02T04:40:49Z Meursault2004 3 Rintisan saka [[:en:Majel Barrett|]] 1751060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inuse}} Majel Barrett iku aktris Amérika Sarékat. 4f71gx29n8ahn5btx6wj7hk4m1810us 0 200567 1751067 2026-07-02T06:37:21Z ~2026-37770-06 73448 Ngeneraké kaca menyang [[Basantara]] 1751067 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Basantara]] kctqfmp0mfynvcv6wk8e638jt0q0hvc