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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Jeruk
| image = OrangeBloss_wb.jpg
| image_width = 150px
| image_caption = Kembang jeruk lan jeruk ning wit
| regnum = [[Tetuwuhan|Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Tetuwuhan ngembang|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dikotil|Magnoliopsida]]
| subclassis = [[Rosidae]]
| ordo = [[Sapindales]]
| familia = [[Rutaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Citrus]]''
| species = '''''C. sinensis'''''
| binomial = ''Citrus sinensis''
| binomial_authority = ([[L.]]) [[Osbeck]]
}}
'''Jeruk''' iku [[tetuwuhan]] [[perdu]] [[tropis]] lan [[subtropis]] sing ngasilaké woh sing jenengé padha.<ref name="internet1"/> Woh jeruk iku bunder.<ref name="internet1"/> Kulité ana sing [[ijo]], ana sing [[kuning]]. Rasané ana sing [[kecut]], ana sing [[legi]].<ref name="internet1"/>
Jeruk iku kalebu [[pala gumantung]], yaiku wit-witan kang gumandhul ana ing dhuwur wit.<ref name="internet1"/>
== Jinisé ==
[[Barkas:Oranges - whole-halved-segment.jpg|jmpl|182x182px]]
=== Jeruk keprok ===
Jeruk keprok bisa dadi tonik kanggo jantung. Jeruk keprok nduwé senyawa kang bisa ngurangi tumpukan lemak kang bisa njalari serangan jantung.
Jeruk keprok bisa dadi ombénan kang seger banget. Jeruk keprok bisa digawé jus lan wedang jeruk. Ora mung seger, nanging jeruk keprok uga bisa kanggo nyegah serangan jantung kang mbebayani.
Salah sijining panalitèn kang jenenge Daily Mail njléntréhaké yèn woh jeruk keprok utawa ''Citrus reticulata'' uga bisa ncegah lelara liyané, kaya ta diabétes, stroke lan kanggo penderita obésitas. Jeruk keprok uga bisa nglunturaké lemak.
Jeruk keprok ngandhut nobiletin, yaiku pigmén utawa zat warna kang tinemu ing kulit jeruk keprok. Jeruk iki uga duwé tangeritin, yaiku senyawa antikanker.
Tangeritin kalebu senyawa methoxyflavone kang nduwé poténsi agén antikanker.
Peneliti saka University of Western Ontario, Kanada, njléntréhaké yèn tikus kang diwénéhi nobiletin bisa njaga awaké saka obesitas.
Panelitén Dr Huff's nemu flavonoid, naringenin, ing jeruk bali kang uga bisa nyegah obesitas lan sindrom metabolik. Nanging flavonoid jeruk keprok luwih akèh tinimbang kang ana ing jeruk bali.
Jeruk Keprok utawa ''Citrus Nobilis Lour'' urip ing laladan tropis lan subtropis. Jeruk iki populer ing masarakat. Yèn wis mateng rasané legi, sak liyané énak dipangan, kulit jeruk keprok uga bisa nyegah kanker.
Zat Kimia kang ana ing jeruk keprok:
-alkoida (godhong lan kulit buah)
-polifenol (odhong lan kulit buah)
-flavonoida (oyot)
-lenga atsiri (godhong lan woh)
-saponin akar
Gizi:
-vitamin c
-mineral zat besi
-kalsium
-gula
-asem setrat
Khasiat:
Kanggo njaga daya tahan awak, nyegah kanker, obat infeksi firal, obat kolésterol lan hiperténsi, nguatke lan bisa kanggo gizi paru-paru, njaga limfa, tamba watuk lan ngetokaké riak.
=== Jeruk purut ===
[[Barkas:برتقال منزلي طازج من شمال إفريقيا.jpg|jmpl|Jeruk]]
[[Jeruk Purut]] duwé jeneng latin ''Citrus hystrix D.C.'' utawa ''C. paeda Miq''.<ref name="internet3">[http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_tanobat/view.php?id=221 iptek.net.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821010319/http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_tanobat/view.php?id=221 |date=2011-08-21 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 11 April 2011)</ref>
Jeruk [[purut]] kalebu familia ''rutaceae''.<ref name="internet3"/>
Jeruk purut akèh urip ing pekarangan [[omah]] utawa ing [[kebon]].<ref name="internet3"/> Godhongé kalebu [[godhong]] majemuk kang nyirip lan duwé anakan godhong siji.<ref name="internet3"/>
Wujud godhongé bulat telur nganti lonjong, pangkal godhongé bunder utawa tumpul, pucuk godhongé lincip lan beringgit, dawané [[8]]-[[15]] [[cm]], ambané [[2]]-[[6]] [[cm]], godhongé [[lunyu]] lan ana bintil-bintil cilik kang wernané bening.<ref name="internet3"/> Godhong pérangan ndhuwur wernané [[ijo]] tuwa rada keling-keling, déné godhong pérangan ngisor wernané [[ijo]] [[nom]] utawa [[ijo]] rada [[kuning]], burem. Yèn diremes godhongé ambuné [[wangi]].<ref name="internet3"/>
Kembangé duwé wujud kaya [[bintang]], wernané [[putih]] rada [[abang]] utawa [[putih]] rada [[kuning]].<ref name="internet3"/> Jeruk purut dhapuré bulat telur, kulité ijo ana kerut-kerutane, lan mrenthel-mrenthel.<ref name="internet3"/> Jeruk purut rasané [[kecut]] rada [[pait]], lumrahé kanggo [[masak]], nggawé jajanan utawa [[manisan]].<ref name="internet3"/> [[Cangkok]] lan [[wiji]] dadi cara paling apik kanggo nangkaraké [[jeruk purut]].<ref name="internet3"/>
==== Dasanama ====
[[Sumatera]]: unte mukur, u. pangir [[(Batak)]], lemau purut, l. sarakan [[Lampung)]], lemao puruik [[(Minangkabau)]], dema kafalo [[(Nias)]].<ref name="internet3"/> [[Jawa]]: limau purut, jeruk wangi, jeruk purut [[(Sunda, Jawa)]].<ref name="internet3"/> [[Bali]]: jeruk linglang, jeruk purut.<ref name="internet3"/>[[Flores]]: mude matang busur, mude nelu. [[Sulawesi]]: ahusi lepea (Seram), lemo puru (Bragi.s).<ref name="internet3"/> [[Maluku]]: Munte kereng (Alf'uru), usi ela [[(Amhoh)]], lemo jobatai, wama faleela [[(Halmahera)]].<ref name="internet3"/> NAMA ASING Kaffir lime leaf and zest (I), bai magrut (T), Kabuyao, percupin orange, citron combara.<ref name="internet3"/> NAMA SIMPLISIA ''Citri hystricis Folium'' (daun jeruk purut), ''Citri hystricis Pericaipium'' (kulit buah jeruk purut).<ref name="internet3"/>
=== Jeruk kingkit ===
=== Jeruk bali ===
Jeruk bali akèh manfaate tumrap kasehatan.<ref name="internet4">[http://health.kompas.com/read/2011/03/09/08213033/Turunkan.Kolesterol.dengan.Jeruk.Bali health.kompas.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 11 April 2011)</ref> Jeruk bali ngandhut pektin luwih akèh tinimbang jeruk liyané.<ref name="internet4"/>[[Pektin]] iki bisa ngurangi [[kolésterol]] lan uga bisa ngurangi risiko lelara [[jantung]].<ref name="internet4"/>
Rasane [[kecut]] [[legi]] lan wujudé bunder, ukurané luwih gedhé tinimbang jeruk liyané.<ref name="internet4"/> Kulit jeruk bali lumrahé kanggo nggawé [[dolanan]] mobil-mobilan.<ref name="internet4"/> Nanging dolanan iki lumrahé mung kanggo bocah sing urip ing désa.<ref name="internet4"/> [[Daging]] jeruk bali ambune [[seger]] Lan ngandhut akèh [[banyu]]. Jeruk iki bisa dipangan langsung sawisé dionceki utawa kanggo campuran [[salad]] lan [[rujak]].<ref name="internet4"/>
[[Daging]] [[putih]] kang ana ing antarané [[kulit]] njaba lan woh kang ana banyuné, bisa digawé manisan.<ref name="internet4"/> Daging putih iki duwé [[klanjer]] lenga.<ref name="internet4"/> Ing [[Vietnam]] [[kembang]] [[jeruk bali]] kang wangi dienggo nggawe [[farfum]].<ref name="internet4"/> Kayu jeruk bali uga kanggo nggawe piranti dapur.<ref name="internet4"/>
==== Antibaktéri ====
Para panaliti saka [[Universitas Jagiellonian]] [[Polen]] njléntréhaké yèn jeruk bali ngandhut antibaktéri lan [[antioksidan]] kang bisa nenangaké sistem getah [[weteng]].<ref name="internet4"/> [[Dr Thomas Brzozowski]] ketuwa panaliti nyaranaké supaya wong kang nandang lelara tukak lambung mangan [[jeruk bali]] sajeroning diet.<ref name="internet4"/>
[[Jeruk bali]] uga bisa kanggo kaséhatan [[jantung]] lan [[lambung]].<ref name="internet4"/> Jeruk bali duwé kadar [[vitamin C]] kang akèh. Saéngga apik kanggo kaséhatan [[gusi]].<ref name="internet4"/> Para panaliti ing [[Universitas]] [[Friedrich Schiller]], [[Jerman]] duwé panemu yèn ana korélasi antarané kaséhatan gusi karo mangan [[jeruk bali]].<ref name="internet4"/>
==== Obat diabétés ====
Jeruk bali bisa nambani [[diabétés]]. [[Naringenin]], [[antioksidan]] kang dadi sumber rasa [[pait]] ing [[jeruk bali]] bisa dadi obat kanggo nambani [[diabetes]] tipe 2.<ref name="internet5">[http://www.antaranews.com/berita/1282807250/jeruk-bali-obat-diabetes antaranews.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 11 April 2011)</ref>
Penyakit [[diabetes]] disebabaké amarga awak ora bisa nggawé [[hormon]] [[insulin]] kang cukup kanggo ngatur [[gula darah]].<ref name="internet5"/> Naringenin mbiyantu ngundhakaké produksi insulin ing awak.<ref name="internet5"/> Saliyané iku, [[naringenin]] uga mbiyantu ncegah lelara obésitas.<ref name="internet5"/>
=== Hasil olahan jeruk ===
Jeruk bisa diolah dadi [[sirup]] jeruk, sari buah kang dhapuré serbuk, kanggo nggawé sambel kaya ta jeruk [[limau]] (Citrus amblycarpa)kang akèh dibudidayakake ing laladan Majalengka, Jawa Barat.<ref name="internet6"/>
Jeruk uga bisa digawé [[puding jeruk]], [[jus jeruk]], lan [[kulit]] [[jeruk bali]] bisa digawé [[manisan]] kang [[legi]] rasané.<ref name="internet6">[http://www.sinartani.com/pascapanen/aneka-macam-olahan-buah-jeruk-1233551581.htm sinartani.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905034538/http://www.sinartani.com/pascapanen/aneka-macam-olahan-buah-jeruk-1233551581.htm |date=2010-09-05 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 11 April 2011)</ref>
== Gladri ==
<gallery>
Gambar:Jeruk.jpg|jeruk
Gambar:Jeruk Bali.jpg|jeruk bali
Gambar:Jeruk Payakumbuh Fruit Market.jpg|dodol jeruk
Gambar:Arancia di Ribera byFigiu.JPG|seger
Gambar:CamSanh (9).JPG|jeruk purut
Gambar:454 - Siracusa - Scorzette d'arancio candite - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto - 17-Oct-2008.jpg|sitrus
Gambar:Flesh.jpg|liningan jeruk
Gambar:Fruit (1).JPG|jeruk seger
Gambar:Fish Lipz Beer with orange.JPG|orange juice
|jeruk tanpa kulit
Gambar:Naranjas valencianas.jpg|sueggeeerr
Gambar:Orangenblüte-Knospe-Makro.jpg|kembang jeruk
Gambar:Unripened orange.JPG|jeruk keprok
</gallery>
== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}
{{Woh-wohan}}
[[Kategori:Jeruk| ]]
[[Kategori:Wit]]
2wu82upki3bdfr2y7duyk7fol7xzqy6
Kali Siak
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{{Geobox|River
<!-- *** Name section *** -->
| name = Kali Siak
| native_name =
| other_name =
| category_hide = 1
<!-- *** Image *** --->
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Kali Siak saka Treteg Tengku Agung Sultanah Latifah
<!-- *** Etymology *** --->
| etymology =
<!-- *** Country etc. *** -->
| country = [[Indonesia]]
| country1 =
| state = Riau
| state1 =
|region_type =
| region =
| region1 =
| district = Siak
| district1 = Bengkalis
| district2 = Rokan Hulu
| city = Pekanbaru
| city1 =
| city2 =
| city3 =
| city4 =
| city5 =
<!-- *** Geography *** -->
| length_imperial =
| length_round =
| length_note =
| watershed_imperial =
| watershed_round =
| watershed_note =
| discharge_location =
| discharge_round =
| discharge_imperial =
| discharge_note =
| discharge_max_imperial =
| discharge_min_imperial =
| discharge1_location =
| discharge1_imperial =
| discharge1_note =
<!-- *** Hulu *** -->
| source_name =
| source_location =
| source_district =
| source_region =
| source_state =
| source_country =
| source_lat_d =
| source_lat_m =
| source_lat_s =
| source_lat_NS =
| source_long_d =
| source_long_m =
| source_long_s =
| source_long_EW =
| source_coordinates_note =
| source_elevation_imperial =
| source_elevation_note =
| source_length_imperial =
<!-- *** Muara *** -->
| mouth_name =
| mouth_location =
| mouth_district =
| mouth_region =
| mouth_state =
| mouth_country =
| mouth_lat_d = 1
| mouth_lat_m = 14
| mouth_lat_s = 0.04
| mouth_lat_NS = N
| mouth_long_d = 102
| mouth_long_m = 10
| mouth_long_s = 3.62
| mouth_long_EW = E
| mouth_coordinates_note =
| mouth_elevation_imperial = 0
| mouth_elevation_note =
<!-- *** Tributaries *** -->
| tributary_left =
| tributary_left1 =
| tributary_right =
| tributary_right1 =
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free_name =
| free_value =
<!-- *** Map section *** -->
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map1 =
| map1_size =
| map1_caption =
| map1_locator =
|map_alt =
|map1_alt=
}}
'''Kali Siak''' iku sawijining [[kali]] kang dumunung ing provinsi [[Riau]]. [[Indonesia]]. Kali iki ana ing jalur pelayaran internasional. Ing pérangan hulu kali iki ana pabrik-pabrik [[klapa sawit]]. Sawijining [[kreteg]], ya iku [[Kreteg Siak]] lagi digawé kanggo nyebrangi kali iki, nanging diprotes awit dhuwuré mung 23 mèter saéngga ngalang-alangi arus lalu lintas [[kapal tanker]]. Kaanan ing Kali Siak ora béda karo kaanan kali liyané kang lumrahé kena pencemaran lingkungan akibat aktivitas umum utawa anané [[limbah]] indhustri. Pencemaran ing Kali Siak wektu iki wis ana ing tataran mbebayani, malah atusan jinis [[iwak]] khas kali Siak wis ora tinemokaké manèh ing kali iki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.riau.go.id/index.php?module=articles&func=display&ptid=1&aid=2734 |title=Pemprov Riau, Ratusan Spesies Khas Sungai Siak Punah |access-date=2008-01-31 |archive-date=2016-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317045503/https://www.riau.go.id/index.php?module=articles&func=display&ptid=1&aid=2734 |url-status=dead }}</ref>.
== Uga delengen ==
* [[:id:Kreteg Siak]]
== Rujukan ==
<References/>
== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.liputan6.com/view/0,96379,1,0,1139669070.html "Pembangunan Jembatan Sungai Siak Tetap Diteruskan"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313061951/http://www.liputan6.com/view/0,96379,1,0,1139669070.html |date=2007-03-13 }}, ''[[Liputan 6]]'', 25 Fèbruari 2005
* [http://www.riau.go.id/index.php?module=articles&func=display&ptid=1&aid=2734 Pamaréntah Provinsi Riau Ratusan Spesies Khas Sungai Siak Punah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317045503/https://www.riau.go.id/index.php?module=articles&func=display&ptid=1&aid=2734 |date=2016-03-17 }}
* [http://www.riau.go.id/index.php?module=articles&func=display&ptid=1&aid=3059 Hasil Otopsi Ikan Sungai Siak Mati Akibat Limbah PKS (Pabrik Klapa Sawit)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317061806/https://www.riau.go.id/index.php?module=articles&func=display&ptid=1&aid=3059 |date=2016-03-17 }}
* [http://www.siakkab.go.id/ Situs resmi Kabupatèn Siak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021193245/https://siakkab.go.id/ |date=2020-10-21 }}
[[Kategori:Kali ing Indonésia|Siak]]
[[Kategori:Kali ing Sumatra|Siak]]
[[Kategori:Kali]]
{{geo-stub}}
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Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier
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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Joseph Fourier
| image = Fourier2.jpg|300px
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1768|3|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Auxerre]], [[Burgundy (region)|Burgundy]], [[Kingdom of France]] (now in [[Yonne]], [[France]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1830|5|16|1768|3|21|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Paris]], [[Bourbon Restoration|Kingdom of France]]
| residence = France
| nationality = French
| field = [[Mathematician]], [[physicist]], and [[historian]]
| work_institution = [[École Normale]]<br /> [[École polytechnique]]
| alma_mater = [[École Normale]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Joseph Lagrange]]
| doctoral_students = [[dirichlet|Gustav Dirichlet]]<br />[[Giovanni Plana]]<br />[[Claude-Louis Navier]]
| known_for = [[Fourier series]]<br /> [[Fourier transform]]<br /> [[Heat conduction#Fourier's law|Fourier's law of conduction]]
| prizes =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier''' ([[21 Maret]] [[1768]] - [[16 Mèi]] [[1830]]) punika [[matématika]]wan lan [[fisika]]wan [[Prancis]] ingkang paling dipuntepangi amargi miwiti panylidhikan [[deret Fourier]] lan panrapanipun ing prakawis arus panas. [[Transformasi Fourier]] ugi dipunparingi asma kanggé ngurmati piyambakipun.
== Uga delengen ==
* [[Deret Fourier]]
* [[Transformasi Fourier]]
* [[Konduksi panas|Hukum Fourier]]
* [[Spektrofotometer Fourier Transform Infra Red]]
== Réferènsi ==
* ''Tèks awal saking Rouse History of Mathematics ingkang wonten ing [[domain umum]]''
* Fourier, J.-B.J. ''Mémoires d l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institute de France '''VII'''.'' 570-604 (1827) (''greenhouse effect essay'')
== Pranala njawi ==
* University of St Andrews: http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Fourier.html
* [http://www.wmconnolley.org.uk/sci/fourier_1827/fourier_1827.html Fourier 1827: MEMOIRE sur les temperatures du globe terrestre et des espaces planetaires] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003105434/http://www.wmconnolley.org.uk/sci/fourier_1827/fourier_1827.html |date=2019-10-03 }}
{{Artikel Dhasar}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1768|Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph]]
[[Kategori:Pati 1830|Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph]]
[[Kategori:Matématikawan Prancis|Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph]]
[[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]]
{{bio-stub}}
pzyilycrk4koq8tuwl7vofwomu2779w
Iwak piranha
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1751271
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{{Taxobox
| name = Iwak piranha
| image = Piranha1.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| ordo = [[Characiformes]]
| familia = [[Serrasalmidae]]
| familia_authority = Géry, 1972
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
| subdivision =
''[[Catoprion]]''{{br}}
''[[Pristobrycon]]''{{br}}
''[[Pygocentrus]]''{{br}}
''[[Pygopristis]]''{{br}}
''[[Serrasalmus]]''
}}
'''Iwak Piranha''' utawi '''piraña''' ({{pronEng|pɨˈrɑːnjə/, /pɨˈrænjə/, /pɨˈrɑːnə}}, utawi {{IPA|/pɨˈrænə/}}) punika salah satunggaling jinis [[iwak]] [[toya]] tawar ingkang gesang wonten ing [[sungai|sungai-sungai]] wonten [[Amérika Selatan]]. Wonten ing sungai-sungai [[Venezuela]], ulam punika dipunwastani '''caribes'''. Ulam piranha kawéntar kanthi waja ingkang landhep lan [[karnivora]] utawi kéwan ingkang mangan [[daging]] <ref name="internet1">[http://www.iftfishing.com/fishing-guide/fishypedia/piranha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025082236/http://www.iftfishing.com/fishing-guide/fishypedia/piranha |date=2012-10-25 }}, (id) http://www.iftfishing.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214163804/http://www.iftfishing.com/ |date=2023-02-14 }} (dipun-akses tanggal 15 November 2012).</ref>. Ulam piranha saged ngasilaken aya cokot setara kalihan 35 tikel bobot awakipun, menawi dipunbandhingaken kalihan hiu pethak.
== Jinis Ulam Piranha ==
Iwak piranha kagolong ulam ingkang wujudipun radi aneh mliginipun [[kepala]] [[iwak]] piranha kathahipun ageng kanthi garis tutuk mangandhap. Dawanipun ulam punika saking 14 [[cm]] dumugi 26 [[cm]]. Nanging wonten ingkang manggihaken ulam piranha kanthi dawa 43 [[cm]] <ref name="internet2">[http://www.anneahira.com/piranha.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817032147/http://www.anneahira.com/piranha.htm |date=2012-08-17 }}, (id) http://www.anneahira.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207102853/http://www.anneahira.com/ |date=2012-12-07 }} (dipun-akses tanggal 15 November 2012).</ref>.
Adhedhasar ''sub-famili''-nipun, ulam piranha kagolong [[famili]] ''[[Serrasalminae]]''. Katingal saking pakulinan wonten ing [[masarakat]] ulam punika kagolongaken dumados sekawan jinis, inggih punika: Ulam piranha saking [[marga]] ''[[Pristobycon]]'', Ulam piranha saking [[marga]] ''[[Pygopristis]]'', Ulam piranha saking [[marga]] ''[[Pygocentrus]]'', lan ulam piranha ''[[Serrasalmus]]''. Sekawan jinising ulam piranha mau ingkang sampun ddipunsarujuki minangka piranha asli amargi gadhah [[untu]] mirunggan ingkang nggambaraken ulam piranha ingkang sejatinipun. Nanging kawontenanipun sekawan jinis ulam piranha punika taksih dados bahasan para ahli. Amargi kira-kira dipunkinten-kinten jinising ulam piranha taksih saged kapérang malih. Miturut panaliten, jinis ulam piranha kinten-kinten mapan wonten ing angka 30 dumugi 60 [[spésies]] <ref name="internet2"/>.
Kaunggulaning ulam piranha nalika mangsa [[daging]] gampil amargi gadhah waja ingkang unik. Sekawan jinis ulam piranha punika gadhah larikan waja ingkang landhep ing kalih [[rahang]]ipun. Wajaning ulam piranha punika padet lan runcing, saéngga saged kanggé nusuk lan nggeser mangsa supados saged suwek ing papan kénging waja. Adhedhasar kriteria mau ulam piranha punika mlebet golongan [[predator sagara]] <ref name="internet2"/>.
== Piranha jinis ''Serrasalmus Rhombeus'' ==
saking jinis-jinis ulam piranha ingkang wonten, ''Serrasalmus Rhombeus'' utawi ingkang langkung kawéntar kanthi nama ''Black Devil Piranha'' punika salah satunggaling jinis Piranha ingkang paling ganas ugi paling ageng. Nalika taksih alit ulam punika sampun katon medèni saking wujud lan rupanipun. Ukuran awak diwasa ''Rhombeus'' saged dumugi 50 [[cm]] dawa kanthi [[horisontal]] lan 25 [[cm]] dawa kanthi [[vertikal]] awakipun <ref name="internet1"/>.
Nalika taksih alit, ''Rhombeus'' gadhah warni ingkang radi terang kanthi bintik-bintik [[ireng]] lan gadhah warni [[mata]] [[abang]]. Postus awak ulam punika nalika sampun radi ageng katon keker lan kasar. rahangipun wiyar lan kokoh kanthi waja-waja ingkang ageng lan landhep ingkang ginanipun kanggé ngremukke mangsa kanthi kulit kasar <ref name="internet1"/>.
== Cathetan suku ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Kategori:Iwak]]
42q9mdc91ztbzosknist1rgejf3u0gu
Johns Hopkins
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[[Gambar:Hopkinsp.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Johns Hopkins]]
'''Johns Hopkins''' ({{lahirmati|[[Anne Arundel County]], [[Maryland]]|19|5|1795|[[Baltimore]]|24|12|1873}}) inggih punika satunggaling [[pangusaha]], filantropis, lan abolisionis abad kaping 19, sapunika taksih kathah dipunkenal amargi karya [[filantropis]]ipun ingkang kalebet [[Universitas Johns Hopkins]], Griya Sakit Johns Hopkins,<ref>http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/the_johns_hopkins_hospital/</ref> lan Sekolah Medis Johns Hopkins.<ref>http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/</ref>
== Kulawarga ==
Wonten ing tanggal [[19]] [[Mèi]] [[1795]], Johns Hopkins miyos wonten ing [[Anne Arundel County]], [[Maryland]] wonten ing satunggaling kulawarga ingkang sugih. Piyambakipun minangka putra ingkang kaping kaping saking 11 sadhèrèk. Ibunipun, Hannah Janney, miyos wonten ing [[Loudoun County]], [[Virginia]]. Bapakipun [[Samuel Hopkins]] miyos wonten ing [[Virginia]]. Kekalih tiyang sepuhipun palakrama rikala tanggal [[19]] [[Agustus]] [[1792]]. Rikala palakrama, Samuel kanthi yuswa 33 déné Hannah saweg ngancik yuswa 18 taun.<ref>http://www.jhu.edu/</ref>
== The Emansipasi lan akibatipun ==
Wonten ing taun [[1807]], tiyang sepuhipun Johns Hopkins' ingkang nganut agama [[Quaker]] mbebasaken budakipun. Kulawarga punika ugi ngrawat budk ingkang kirang séhat. Minangka anggota saking komunitas Quaker, tiyang sepuhipun minangka salah satunggal ingkang mutusaken saperlu nindakaken emasipasi budakipun lan ugi nyuwun dhumateng anggota sansèipun ingkang kapingin gabung kaliyan komunitas punika nindakaken bab ingkang sami. Amargi emansipasi punika pendidikan John lan kakangipun kaganggu. Kekalih rayi-raka punika kedah makarya wonten ing perkebunan sasampunipun wangsul saking sekolah. Johns ugi sampun biyasa tulung-tinulung lan ugi ngrawat rayi-rayinipun. Johns Hopkins mbiyantu ibunipun nalika bapakipun tilar donya rikala taun [[1814]].
Ibunipun sèda taun [[1846]], satunggal taun sasampunipun putra ingkang paling sepuh, Joseph, ingkang ugi sèda. Piyambakipun ugi kathah mbiyantu sadhèrèk-sadhèrakipun ingkang sampun sepuh utawi gadhah kabetahan finansial.
== Taun bisnis ==
Sasampun piyambakipun nilaraken perkebunan, Hopkins kerja wonten ing bisnis grosiran pakdhenipun. Bisnis sukses kapisanan sukses nalika pakdhenipun tindak Perang [[1812]].
Nalika dumunung wonten ing dalem pakdhenipu, piyambakipun tresna kaliyan sadhèrèkipun, Elizabeth Hopkins. Wonten ing Quakers penilaian tumrap palakrama antawising sepupu ingkang celak lan tiyang sepuh Elizabeth boten ngidinaken kekalihipun kanggé palakrama. Kekalihipun janji boten badhé palakrama kaliyan tiyang sanès lan tetep lajang salawasing gesangipun. Sami kaliyan anggota kulawarga ingkag sanès, Johns ugi nyamektakaken griya kanggé Elizabeth nalika sampun sepuh. Elizabeth gesang dumugi piyambakipun tilar donya nalika taun [[1889]], antawis 15 taun sasampunipun Johns tilar donya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/johns-hopkins-9343697 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-02-23 |archive-date=2013-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301225108/http://www.biography.com/people/johns-hopkins-9343697 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Sasampun piyambakipun nilaraken bisnis pakdhenipu, Hopkins lan Benjamin Moore, ugi satunggalng anggota Quaker, nglampahaken bisnis sesarengan. Bisnis mau lajeng dados Hopkins & Brothers nalika Moore mbatalaken kerja samanipun lan ngandharaken bilih Johns langkung remen kaliyan bandha tinimbang kaliyan piyambakipun.
==Cathetan suku==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://dgmweb.net/genealogy/FGS/H/HopkinsGerrard-MargaretJohns.shtml Genealogical Records on Marylanders]
* [http://www.library.jhu.edu/collections/specialcollections/archives/jacob.html Thom and Jacob discuss his love for his cousin and Quaker traditions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040825120258/http://www.library.jhu.edu/collections/specialcollections/archives/jacob.html |date=2004-08-25 }}
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:2001.01.0027 In his 1887 memoir, Baltimore and the Nineteenth of April, 1861: A Study of the War, George William Brown city Johns Hopkins as a wealthy Union man in Baltimore, a city with strong Confederate and Southern leanings]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lhbcb&fileName=50529//lhbcb50529.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/lhbcbbib:@field(NUMBER+@od1(lhbcb+50529))&linkText=0&presId=lhbcbbib In The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of "Baltimore Town" and Baltimore City from the Earliest Period to the Present Time published in 1874, John Thomas Scharf cited the 1873 instruction letter to the hospital trustees and a city council resolution thanking Johns Hopkins for his philanthropy. Thom's biography and New York and Maryland newspapers were sources that published parts or all of this letter]
* [http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/orphanasylum.htm The Institutional Records of The Johns Hopkins Hospital Colored Orphan Asylum]
* [http://famousamericans.net/johnshopkins/[[Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography]]]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20030325094547/http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/ishm/galveston.pdf Abstract Johns Hopkins Dream for a Model of its Kind: The JHH Colored Orphans Asylum", 2000 Conference International Society for the History of Medicine BY Dr. P. Reynolds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507103122/http://famousamericans.net/johnshopkins/ |date=2012-05-07 }}
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=500 Grave site of Johns Hopkins]
* [http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/1999/jan0499/04hopkin.html Graveside ceremony for Johns Hopkins] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812223344/http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/1999/jan0499/04hopkin.html |date=2013-08-12 }}
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:2001.01.0027 Baltimore and the Nineteenth of April, 1861: A Study of the War, the memoir of George William Brown then the mayor of Baltimore city, later a member of the university board of trustees of the Johns Hopkins University]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lhbcb&fileName=50529//lhbcb0529.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/lhbcbbib:@field(NUMBER+@od1(lhbcb+50529))&linkText=0&presId=lhbcbbib The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of "Baltimore Town" and Baltimore City from the Earliest Period to the Present Time published in 1874 by John Thomas Scharf]
* [http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/aprjun95/may2295/22johns.html "If He Could See Us Now: Mr. Johns Hopkins' Legacy Strong University, Hospital Benefactor Turned 200 on May 19, 1995", Mike Field, the author, contradicts this statement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812231130/http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/aprjun95/may2295/22johns.html |date=August 12, 2013 }}
* [http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/about/history/history8.html Chronology, Nursing school]
* [http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/orphanasylum.htm The Institutional Records of The Johns Hopkins Hospital Colored Orphan]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030325094547/http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/ishm/galveston.pdf Abstract Johns Hopkins Dream for a Model of its Kind: The JHH Colored Orphans Asylum" By Dr. P. Reynolds]
* [http://famousamericans.net/johnshopkins/ Johns Hopkins [[Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography]]]
* [http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/aprjun95/may2295/22johns.html "If He Could See Us Now: Mr. Johns Hopkins' Legacy Strong University, Hospital Benefactor Turned 200 on May 19, 1995" by Mike Field a writer for the Johns Hopkins Gazette. Field, Thom, and Jacob called Johns Hopkins an abolitionist. See also The Racial Record of Johns Hopkins University in the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 25, Autumn, 1999, pp. 42-43/ JSTOR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507103122/http://famousamericans.net/johnshopkins/ |date=May 7, 2012 }}
* [http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/photos/philanthropy/html/hopkins.htm Johns Hopkins, Maryland State Archives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001074426/http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/photos/philanthropy/html/hopkins.htm |date=2012-10-01 }}
* [http://afam.nts.jhu.edu/about "The History of African Americans @ Johns Hopkins University" See in particular the chronology and the paper by Danton Rodriguez.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201192959/http://afam.nts.jhu.edu/about/ |date=2016-12-01 }}
[[Kategori:Lair 1795]]
[[Kategori:Pati 1873]]
[[Kategori:Pangusaha Amérikah Sarékat]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Donya]]
[[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat]]
f3eek3s84fkbaph4p36hdl07plmpme4
Hidrokarbon aromatik
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Sawijining '''hidrokarbon aromatik''' utawa '''arena'''<ref>Definition IUPAC [[Gold Book]] [http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/A00435.pdf Link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929073400/http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/A00435.pdf |date=2009-09-29 }}</ref> (sok-sok uga diarani '''hidrokarbon aril''')<ref>[http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-549-2/thesis.pdf Mechanisms of Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor] by Maria Backlund, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet</ref> ya iku [[hidrokarbon]] kanthi roncèn tunggal lan utawa roncèn gandha ing antarané atom-atom [[karbon]]é. Konfigurasi 6 atom karbon ing senyawa aromatik ditepungi kanthi [[benzena|cincin benzena]]. Hidrokarbon aromatik bisa wujud ''monosiklik'' utawa ''pulisiklik''.
Sawetara senyawa aromatik kang dudu turunan [[benzena]] diarani '''heteroarena''', senyawa-senyawa iki nututi [[Aturan Hückel]]. Ing senyawa-senyawa iki, paling ora ana atom karbon siji kang digantèkaké déning atom liyané, kaya ta [[oksigèn]], [[nitrogen]], utawa [[wlirang]]. Salah sawijiné tuladha ya iku [[furan]], sawijining senyawa heterosiklin cincin kang nduwèni limang anggota, salah sawijiné oksigèn. Tuladha liyané ya iku [[piridina]], sawijining senyawa heterosiklik cincin kanthi enem anggota, salah sawijiné ya iku nitrogen.<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-aromatic.html HighBeam Encyclopedia: aromatic compound]</ref>
== Jinis ==
=== Hidrokarbon aromatik pulisiklik ===
Senyawa aromatik pulisiklik uga ditepungi kanthi aran senyawa aromatik polinuklir utawa cincin kapadhu. Ciri senyawa aromatik pulisiklik ya iku anané cincin-cincin aromatik kang nggunakaké atom-atom karbon tartamtu kanthi bebarengan, utawa loro utawa luwih cincin benzena kang didadèkaké siji. Hidrokarbon aromatik pulisiklik lan akèh saka turunané padatan nduwèni wangun padhet.
==Réaksi arena==
Arena wujud réaktan ing akèh reaksi organik.
===Substitusi aromatik===
Ing substitusi aromatik, 1 substituen ing cincin arena ya iku [[substitusi aromatik elektrofilik]] (reagen aktifé elektrofil) lan [[substitusi aromatik nukleofilik]] (reagené nukleofil). Ing [[substitusi aromatik radikal-nukleofilik]], reagen aktifé wujud radikal. Salah sawiji tuladhané ya iku nitrasi saka [[asem salisilat]]:<ref>{{cite DOI|10.1016/0040-4039(95)00281-G}}</ref>:
:[[File:Synthesis 5-Nitrosalicylic acid.svg|400px|thumb|left|Nitrasi saka asem salisilat]]
{{clear}}
===Réaksi panggandhèngan===
Ing [[réaksi penggandhèngan]], logam bakal ngatalisasi panggandhèngan ing antarané 2 fragmèn radikal formal. Kasil kang padatan éntuk saka réaksi panggandhèngan ya iku pambentukan reroncèn karbon-karbon anyar, kaya ta alkilarena, vinil arena, biraril, [[roncèn karbon-nitrogen]] (anilina) utawa [[roncèn karbon-oksigèn]] anyar. Tuladhané ya iku arilasi saka [[perfluorobenzena]]:<ref>{{cite DOI|10.1021/ja062509l}}</ref>
:[[File:Fagnou fluoroarene coupling2.svg|600px|thumb|left|Réaksi panggandhèngan]]
{{clear}}
== Uga delengen ==
* [[Aspaltena]]
* [[Hidrodealkilasi]]
* [[Cincin aromatik prasaja]]
* Substituen aromatik: [[Aril]], [[Ariloksi]] lan [[Arenadil]]
== Cathetan sikil ==
{{reflist|2}}
== Pranala njaba ==
{{Commons category|Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons}}
{{Portal box|Kimia}}
*[http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/pah/index.html ATSDR - Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530145140/https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/pah/ |date=2020-05-30 }} U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
*[http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/fusedring/ Fused Ring and Bridged Fused Ring Nomenclature]
*[http://ois.nist.gov/pah/ Database of PAH structures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050117084624/http://ois.nist.gov/pah/ |date=2005-01-17 }}
*[http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/74.html National Pollutant Inventory: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fact Sheet]
*[http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/features/articles/20050627.shtml Understanding Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623051810/http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/features/articles/20050627.shtml |date=2006-06-23 }} NASA Spitzer Space Telescope
*[http://www.astrobio.net/news/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=1992&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 Astrobiology magazine] ''Aromatic World'' An interview with Professor Pascale Ehrenfreund on PAH origin of life. Accessed June 2006
*[http://oregonstate.edu/superfund Oregon State University Superfund Research Center] focused on new technologies and emerging health risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
* [http://www.pca.state.mn.us/programs/pubs/qa-pahs.pdf Carcinogenic FAC list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128055507/http://www.pca.state.mn.us/programs/pubs/qa-pahs.pdf |date=2007-11-28 }} in [[Portable Document Format]].
* [http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp69.html Toxicological profiles of PAH] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050830172555/http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp69.html |date=2005-08-30 }}.
* [http://books.nap.edu/books/POD088/html/385.html#pagetop LIST of PAH].
* [http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2002/11nov/abiogenic.cfm Abiogenic Gas Debate 11:2002 (EXPLORER)]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aromatic Hydrocarbon}}
[[Kategori:Kimiya]]
[[Kategori:Hidrokarbon aromatik pulisiklik| ]]
[[Kategori:Karsinogen]]
[[Kategori:Astrokimia]]
[[Kategori:Hidrokarbon aromatik| ]]
5g95pzlhjnu7kp9ondh3yz1tamx9lvj
Houston Rockets
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[[Gambar:Houston Rockets.jpg|thumb|Logo Houston Rockets]]
{{Tim NBA
|nama = Houston Rockets
|warna nama = #dcdcdc
|latar nama = #b22222
|logo = HoustonRockets.png
|ukuran logo = 100px
|maskot = ''Little Dippers''
|situs = http://www.nba.com/rockets/
|wewengkon = Barat
|divisi = Barat Daya
|didirikan = [[1967]]
|stadion = [[Toyota Center]]
|kutha = [[Houston, Texas]]
|warna tim = Merah, putih, pérak
|pelatih = [[Rick Adelman]]
|pemilik = [[Leslie Alexander]]
|juara liga = 2 (1994, 1995)
|juara wewengkon = 4 (1981, 1986, 1994, 1995)
|juara divisi = 4 (1977, 1986, 1993, 1994)
}}
'''Houston Rockets''' inggih punika tim [bal [[basket]] [[Amérika Sarékat|Amérika]] ingkang kagabung wonten ing [[National Basketball Association]].<ref name="h2">[http://www.tickets-nba-basketball.com/rockets/history.htm Tickets-nba-basketball.com] Houston Rockets Hostory. Dipunundhuh tanggal 12 Maret 2013.</ref> Tim punika dumunung wonten ing kutha [[Houston]], [[Texas]].<ref name="h2"/> Nama Rockets dipunpilih wonten ing sawijiningpada kontés pamadosan sesanti kutha San Diego nalika klub mau taksih dumunung wonten ing kutha San Diego.<ref name="h1"/> Kutha mau minangka papan produksi roket Atlas ingkang dipun-ginakaken déning NASA.<ref name="h1"/> Nalika San Diego dados markas NASA, Rockets tetep njaga nama mau éwadéné sampun pindhah dhateng Houston.<ref name="h1">[http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nba/houston/rockets.html Sportsecyclopedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513214630/http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nba/houston/rockets.html |date=2012-05-13 }} Houston Rockets. Dipunundhuh tanggal 12 Maret 2013.</ref>
Houston Rockets sampun njuarai kompetisi NBA kping 2cacahipun, inggih punika rikala taun [[1994]] lan [[1995]], nalika dipunmotori déning [[Clyde Drexler]] lan [[Hakeem Olajuwon]].<ref name="h2"/>
Nalika kapisanan kagabung wonten ing NBA nalika taun [[1971]]/72, Rockets mbekta Elvin Hayes (The Big E) ingkang minangka bintang tim mau. Nanging, satunggal taun candhakipun, Hayes dipuntransfer dhateng klub sanèsipun.<ref name="h1"/> Wonten ing taun [[1975]], Rockets dumugi babak playoff kapisanan ing kompetisi NBA kanthi dipunpimpin déning Calvin Murphy lan forward Rudy Tomjanovich.<ref name="h1"/> Setunggal taun candhakipun, [[Moses Malone]], juru main basket kapisanan ingkang mlebet ing kompetisi profésional (American Basketball Association -ABA) sasampuning lulus saking SMA, kagabung kaliyan Houston.<ref name="h1"/> Sesarengan kaliyan klub mau, Malone dados pemai paling apik ing NBA lan mbekta Rockets dhateng final wewengkon Timur kanggé kapisanan nalika taun [[1977]].<ref name="h1"/>
Nalika taun [[1984 NBA Draft|1984]], Rockets men-draft [[Hakeem Olajuwon]], ingkang mbekta Rockets dumugi ing [[1986 NBA Finals|1986 Finals]] nalika karier angka 2ipun, wonten ing final mau Rockets kawon maih déning [[Boston Celtics]]. Nalika 7 season candhakipun, Houston Rockets gagal nglewati babak pisaan play-off kanthi cacah kaping 5. Dumugi pungkasanipun taun [[1994]] Houston Rockets kasil ngrebut gelar juara NBA ingkag kapisanan, nalika Olajuwon mimpin tim punika dumugi [[1994 NBA Finals|babak final]]. Rockets wangsul malih pikantuk gelar juara taun [[1995 NBA Finals|1995]]. Nanging makaten, sasampuning 2 taun kejayaan mau, Rockets boten naté malih dumugi ing final. malahan gagal duugi ing babak play-off sadanguning periode 1999–2003. Rocket nembé dumugi play-off malih sasampuning men-draft juru main Cina [[Yao Ming]] lan kedah nengga dumugi 2009kangge saged lolos saking babak kapisanan play-off.<ref name="playoffadvance">{{cite news |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/recap?gameId=290430010, |date=April 30, 2009 |work=ESPN |accessdate=Maret 12, 2013 | title=Rockets reach second round for first time since '97}}</ref>
== Nomor ingkang dipunpensiunaken ==
* 22 [[Clyde Drexler]], G, 1995-98; ugi minangka penduduk asli [[Houston]] sarta minangka juru main bintag [[University of Houston]] lan mantan pelatih tim universitas mau, sapunika dados penyiar kanggé Houston Rockets
* 23 [[Calvin Murphy]], G, 1970-83 (Kalebet mangsa pungkasan ing [[San Diego]]); ugi penyiar
* 24 [[Moses Malone]], C, 1976-82
* 34 [[Hakeem Olajuwon]], C, 1984-2001
* 45 [[Rudy Tomjanovich]], F, 1970-81; Pelatih Kepala, 1991-2003
* CD [[Carroll Dawson]] Asisten pelatih, General Manager 1979-2007. Amargi Dawson boten main kanggé Rockets, saéngga tim migunakaken inisialipun minangka memoriam.<ref>http://www.nba.com/rockets/ Situs resmi</ref>
== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}
{{clr}}
{{NBA}}
[[Kategori:Baskèt]]
{{ulah raga-stub}}
ksgy97b3uk5lv1s7d2ulrarezyz24nr
I Saw the Light (filem)
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{{Infobox film
| name = I Saw the Light
| image = I Saw The Light.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Marc Abraham]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Marc Abraham
* Aaron L. Gilbert
* [[Brett Ratner]]
* Gilbert Roswell|G. Marq Roswell
}}
| writer = Marc Abraham
| based on = {{Based on|''Hank Williams: The Biography''|Colin Escott<br />George Merritt<br />William MacEwen}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Tom Hiddleston]]
* [[Elizabeth Olsen]]
* [[Cherry Jones]]
* [[Bradley Whitford]]
* [[Maddie Hasson]]
* [[Wrenn Schmidt]]
}}
| music = [[Aaron Zigman]]
| cinematography = [[Dante Spinotti]]
| editing = [[Alan Heim]]
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bron Studios]]
* CW Media Finance
* [[RatPac Entertainment]]
}}
| distributor = [[Sony Pictures Classics]]
| released = {{Film date|2015|09|11|[[2015 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]|2016|03|25|Amérikah Sarékat|df=y}}
| runtime = 123 menit<!--Theatrical runtime: 123:34--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/i-saw-light-film | title=''I SAW THE LIGHT'' (15) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=February 23, 2016 | accessdate=February 23, 2016}}</ref>
| country = Amérikah Sarékat
| language = Basa Inggris
| budget = $13 yuta<ref>{{cite web|last1=Newman|first1=Melinda|title=Hank Williams Biopic 'I Saw the Light' Is First Film to License Country Legend's Music in 50 Years|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=March 31, 2016}}</ref>
| gross = $1.8 yuta<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=isawthelight.htm|title=I Saw the Light (2016)|work=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=July 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}
'''''I Saw the Light''''' inggih punika [[filem]] [[biografi]] saking [[Amérikah Sarékat]] ingkang kadamel taun 2015. Filem punika dipunsutradarani [[Marc Abraham]]. Piyambakipun ugi ngrangkep minangka juru damel lan panganggit skénario. Ingkang maragani filem punika antawisipun [[Tom Hiddleston]] minangka juru [[Country music|musik country legendaris]] [[Hank Williams]] dan [[Elizabeth Olsen]] minangka sémahipun ingkang kapisan, [[Audrey Williams]]. Filem punika dipunangkat saking buku kanthi sesirah ''Hank Williams: The Biography'' anggitanipun Colin Escott, George Merritt, lan William (Bill) MacEwen. ''I Saw the Light'' pikantuk pangurmatan dipunbabar kaping pisan wonten adicara Special Presentations pahargyan [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival|Toronto International Film Festival]] taun 2015.<ref name="variety">{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/sandra-bullocks-our-brand-tom-hiddlestons-i-saw-the-light-to-premiere-at-toronto-1201572271/|title=Sandra Bullock’s ‘Our Brand Is Crisis,’ Robert Redford’s ‘Truth’ to Premiere at Toronto|accessdate=18 August 2015|work=Variety}}</ref> Filem punika kagolong ing [[sandhiwara]] biografi ingkang nyariyosaken babagan gesangipun pangripta lagu ''country'' lan blues, Williams, ingkang misuwur lan dados panceripun para juru musik sanèsipun. Sesirah filem punika kapundhut saking salah satunggalipun lagu ingkang dipunripta lan dipuntingalaken déning Williams. ''I Saw the Light'' kababar ing surya 25 Maret 2016, déning [[Sony Pictures Classics]].<ref name="releasedate" />
== Lampahan ==
Filem punika nyariyosaken babagan penyanyi musik country [[Hank Williams]] ingkang misuwur nanging dumadakan pejah ing yuswa29 thun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/tom-hiddleston-hank-williams-i-saw-the-light/|title=Tom Hiddleston to Play Hank Williams in I SAW THE LIGHT|date=June 13, 2014|publisher=Collider|author1=Adam Chitwood|accessdate=June 16, 2014}}</ref>
== Ingkang maragani ==
* [[Tom Hiddleston]]-[[Hank Williams]]<ref name="Guardian">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jun/13/tom-hiddleston-country-hank-williams-biopic|title=Tom Hiddleston set to play country icon Hank Williams in new biopic|date=June 13, 2014|author1=Sean Michaels|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=June 16, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Elizabeth Olsen]]-[[Audrey Williams|Audrey Sheppard Williams]]<ref name="RollingStone">{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/elizabeth-olsen-hank-williams-movie-i-saw-the-light-20140912|title=Elizabeth Olsen to Play Hank Williams' Wife in Upcoming Movie|date=September 12, 2014|author1=Jonathan Bernstein|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=September 15, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Cherry Jones]]-Lillie Skipper Williams<ref name="RollingStone2" />
* [[Bradley Whitford]]-[[Fred Rose (songwriter)|Fred Rose]]<ref name="RollingStone2">{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/bradley-whitford-hank-williams-movie-i-saw-the-light-20141107|title=Bradley Whitford, Cherry Jones Cast in Upcoming Hank Williams Movie|date=November 7, 2014|author1=Stephen L. Betts|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=December 16, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Maddie Hasson]]-[[Billie Jean Horton|Billie Jean]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2014/10/maddie-hasson-i-saw-the-light-emory-cohen-cast-by-way-of-helena-845302/|title=Maddie Hasson Joins ‘I Saw The Light'|date=October 2, 2014|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|author1=Jen Yamato|accessdate=October 6, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Wrenn Schmidt]]-Bobbie Jett<ref name="RSM1">{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/hank-williams-movie-cast-i-saw-the-light-20141016|title=Hank Williams Movie Casts Four New Roles|date=October 16, 2014|publisher=Rolling Stone|author1=Beville Dunkerley|accessdate=October 28, 2014}}</ref>
* [[David Krumholtz]]-James Dolan<ref name="HR2">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hank-williams-biopic-i-saw-739662|title=Hank Williams Biopic 'I Saw the Light' Rounds Out Cast|date=October 15, 2014|publisher=The Hollywood Reporter|author1=Rebecca Ford|accessdate=October 28, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Josh Pais]]-[[Dore Schary]]<ref name="RSM1" />
* James DuMont-WB Nolan<ref name="RSM1" />
* [[Casey Bond]]-[[Jerry Rivers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thecaseybond.com/the-actor|title=Casey Bond {{!}} The Actor|publisher=Casey Bond Official Website|quote=Currently, Casey is a part of the Main Cast in the Hank Williams biopic titled “I SAW THE LIGHT.” He will be playing the role of the legendary Jerry Rivers who wsebagai the fiddle player in Hank’s band, The Drifting Cowboys.|accessdate=October 20, 2014|archive-date=August 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808152024/http://thecaseybond.com/the-actor|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Michael Rinne-[[Lum York]]<ref name="FB">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/249014442846/photos/a.262701047846.143600.249014442846/10152853989302847/|title=Recording soundtrack to upcoming Hank Williams biopic-I Saw the Light|date=October 1, 2014|publisher=Richard Bennett Facebook|accessdate=January 23, 2015}}</ref>
* Joshua Brady-Sammy Pruett<ref name="FB" />
* Wes Langlois-[[Don Helms]]<ref name="FB" />
* Von Lewis-[[Ray Price (musician)|Ray Price]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.savingcountrymusic.com/hank-williams-biopic-i-saw-the-light-readies-world-premier-in-toronto-new-details-revealed|title=Hank Williams Biopic "I Saw The Light" Readies World Premier in Toronto – New Details Revealed|website=www.savingcountrymusic.com|accessdate=16 October 2015}}</ref>
* [[Fred Parker Jr.]]-[[Faron Young]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fredparkerjr.com/news/?p=185|title=Fred Parker hsebagai been cast sebagai Faron Young|publisher=Fred Parker Jr. Official Website|accessdate=October 13, 2014|archive-date=October 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019022119/http://fredparkerjr.com/news/?p=185|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Rob Boltin-[[Frank Buckley Walker|Frank Walker]]
== Latar wingking ==
Sutradara [[Marc Abraham]] miwiti ngembangken filem punika awit taun 2009 dhedhasar skénario anggitanipun piyambak.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2009/film/news/hank-williams-biopic-on-track-1118007124/|title=Hank Williams biopic on track|date=August 10, 2009|author1=Michael Fleming|work=Variety|accessdate=June 16, 2014}}</ref> Ing wulan Juni 2014, prodhuser ngurus hak panggiyaran Williams kanggé filem punika sasampunipun ngawontenaken parembagan kaliyan [[Sony ATV]].<ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="Eonline">{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/550829/tom-hiddleston-to-star-as-country-legend-hank-williams-in-i-saw-the-light|title=Tom Hiddleston to Star as Country Legend Hank Williams in I Saw the Light|date=June 12, 2014|publisher=[[E!]]|author1=Bruna Nessif|accessdate=June 16, 2014}}</ref> [[Aaron L. Gilbert]] sesarengan [[Bron Studios]] badhé ndamel filem punika, sayuk karya kaliyan perusahaann kagunganipun [[Brett Ratner]], RatPac Entertainment, G. Marq Roswell lan Abraham.<ref name="Eonline" /> Creative Wealth Media Finance ugi badhé nyengkuyung ragadipun.<ref name="Variety">{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/tom-hiddleston-hank-williams-movie-1201219530/|title=Tom Hiddleston to Play Country Icon Hank Williams in Biopic|date=June 12, 2014|author1=Dave McNary|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=June 16, 2014}}</ref> Ing surya 12 Juni 2014, juru paraga saking [[Inggris]], [[Tom Hiddleston]] ingkang katetepaken maragani Hank Williams, mbabar poto sariranipun ing [[Twitter]], ngagem rasukan ingkang naté dipunagem déning Williams kanthi katrangan sesirah filem punika.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/twhiddleston/status/477253170687934464|title=I Saw The Light.|date=June 12, 2014|publisher=Tom Hiddleston Verified Twitter|accessdate=August 21, 2014}}</ref>
Hiddleston badhé ngidungaken lagu anggitanipun wonten filem, lumantar cara bebasanipun Williams.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=41280|title=Tom Hiddleston Says I Saw The Light|date=June 12, 2014|publisher=Empire Online|author1=James White|accessdate=June 16, 2014}}</ref> Minangkani nyawisaken sedayanipun, Hiddleston nglampahi gladhèn kaliyan [[Rodney Crowell]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/tom-hiddleston-hank-williams-i-saw-the-light-prep/|title=Tom Hiddleston Talks Playing Hank Williams in I SAW THE LIGHT; Has Started Singing and Playing Every Day|date=June 21, 2014|publisher=Collider|author1=Matt Goldberg|accessdate=June 26, 2014}}</ref> Ing wulan Juli 2014, Crowell kacathet minangka juru damel palaksana iringan musik kanggé filem punika, sawatawis Carter Little, ingkang naté makarya kaliyan [[Black Keys]] ing filem ''[[The Man With the Iron Fists]]'', kajibah dados pangeguh babagan musik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americansongwriter.com/2014/07/rodney-crowell-producing-hank-williams-biopic-saw-light/|title=Rodney Crowell Signs On As Music Producer For Hank Williams Biopic|date=July 25, 2014|publisher=American Songwriter|author1=Emily Williams|accessdate=July 30, 2014|archive-date=March 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324215908/http://americansongwriter.com/2014/07/rodney-crowell-producing-hank-williams-biopic-saw-light/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theboot.com/rodney-crowell-tom-hiddleston-i-saw-the-light/|title=Rodney Crowell Praises Choice of Tom Hiddleston for Hank Williams Biopic|date=October 6, 2014|publisher=The Boot|author1=Gayle Thompson|accessdate=October 28, 2014}}</ref>
Ing pahargyan [[Wheatland Music Festival]] 2014, Hiddleston nampilaken lelagon [[Move It On Over (song)|''Move It on Over'']] lan ''[[Jambalaya (On the Bayou)]]'', minangkani nepangaken filem punika dhumateng sagung pamirsa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3294029/tom-hiddleston-hank-williams-music-festival/|title=Tom Hiddleston Performed at a Michigan Music Festival as Hank Williams|date=September 7, 2014|work=[[Time]]|author1=Alexis Hauk|accessdate=September 8, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenrelish.com/2014/09/09/tom-hiddleston-practices-best-hank-williams-ahead-biopic-saw-light/|title=Tom Hiddleston Practices His Best Hank Williams Ahead Of Biopic I Saw the Light|date=September 9, 2014|publisher=Screen Relish|author1=Lucinda Holt|accessdate=September 10, 2014}}</ref>
== Pambabaran ==
Filem punika sajatosipun badhé dipunbabar ing surya 27 November 2015, déning [[Sony Pictures Classics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/i-saw-the-light-release-date-tom-hiddleston-1201530904/|title=‘I Saw the Light’ Release Date: Tom Hiddleston Film Set for Nov. 27|date=|publisher=Variety|author=Dave McNary|accessdate=2015-07-01}}</ref> Nanging ing surya 16 Oktober 16, wanci pambabaran punika dipunéwahi dados 25 Maret 2016.<ref name="releasedate">{{cite news|url=http://deadline.com/2015/10/i-saw-the-light-moves-oscar-casualty-sony-pictures-classics-1201585220/|title=Oscar Casualty: Sony Pictures Classics Sees The Light, Moves Hank Williams Biopic To March|last=Hammond|first=Pete|date=October 16, 2015|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|accessdate=October 16, 2015}}</ref>
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala njawi ==
* {{Official website|http://sonyclassics.com/isawthelight}}
* {{IMDb title|3789828|I Saw the Light}}
* {{Mojo title|isawthelight|I Saw the Light}}
{{artikel ing krama}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:I Saw The Light}}
[[Kategori:Film Amérikah Sarékat taun 2015]]
[[Kategori:Filem drama]]
[[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]]
{{Stub}}
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Kalākaua
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{{Infobox royalty
|name=Kalākaua
|succession=[[Kingdom of Hawaii|King of the Hawaiian Islands]]
|moretext=([[List of monarchs of Hawaii#Styles|more ...]])
|image=Kingdavidkalakaua dust.jpg
|reign=February 12, 1874 – January 20, 1891
|coronation= February 13, 1874, Kīnaʻu Hale<br />February 12, 1883, [[ʻIolani Palace]], [[Honolulu]]
|cor-type=[[Coronations in Oceania#Hawaii|Investiture]]<br />[[Coronations in Oceania#Hawaii|Coronation]]
|predecessor=[[Lunalilo]]
|successor=[[Liliuokalani|Liliʻuokalani]]
|spouse=[[Queen Kapiolani|Kapiʻolani]]
|issue=
|full name=David Laʻamea Kamananakapu Mahinulani Naloiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua
|house=[[House of Kalākaua]]
|father=[[Kapaakea|Caesar Kapaʻakea]]
|mother=[[Keohokālole|Analea Keohokālole]]
|birth_date={{Birth date|mf=yes|1836|11|16}}
|birth_place=[[Honolulu]], [[Kingdom of Hawai'i]]
|death_date={{Death date and age|mf=yes|1891|1|20|1836|11|16}}
|death_place=[[San Francisco, California]], U.S.
|date of burial=February 15, 1891{{sfn|Forbes|2003|page=404}}
|place of burial=[[Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii|Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum]]
|signature=Kalakaua R 1875 signature.svg
|religion=[[Church of Hawaii]]
|}}
'''Kalākaua''' (16 Nopember 1836 - 20 Januari 1891) Jeneng laire '''Dawud La'amea Kamananakapu Mahinulani Naloiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua''' <ref name="HG1883.02.14" /> lan kadhangkala disebut '''The Merrie Monarch''' yaiku raja pungkasan lan raja penultimate Kerajaan Hawaii . Lunalilo nggayuh, dhèwèké kapilih dadi raja saka Hawai'i marang Ratu Emma . Panjenengané mréntah wiwit 12 Februari 1874, nganti mati ing San Francisco, [[California]], tanggal 20 Januari 1891. Kalākaua nduweni kepribadian sing tenang lan seneng karo para tamu kanthi nyanyi lan ukulele . Ing panjadéyané lan jubile ulang taun, hula sing wis dicekal saka publik ing karajan dadi perayaan budaya Hawaii.
Ing mangsa pamaréntahané, Taun1875 ngasilaké kamakmuran ing karajan. Pengaruhe kasebut nerusake kesejahteraan nanging ngidini Amerika Serikat nggunakake para eksklusif Pearl Harbor . Ing taun 1881, dhèwèké nglakoni perjalanan ing saindhenging donya kanggo nyengkuyung imigrasi kontrak para pekerja perkebunan gula. Kalākaua kepengin Hawaiians kanggo ngembangake pendidikan sing ngluwihi negara. Dhèwèké ngedekake program sing dibiayai pamaréntah kanggo mromosikake para siswa sing berkualitas supaya dikirim ing luar negeri kanggo nerusake pendidikan. Rong proyek Kalākaua, patung Kamehameha I lan mbangun 'Istana Iolani, minangka usaha ingkang larang larang nanging minangka papan wisata ingkang populer.
==Biyografi==
[[File:Kalakaua, ca. 1850.jpg|thumb|Kalākaua nalika umur patbelas, c. 1850]]
Kalākaua lair jam 2:00 am nalika tanggal 16 Nopember 1836, kanggo Caesar Kaluaiku Kapa'akea lan Analea Keohokālole ing komplek sandhangan suket sing asale saka kakangnane'Aikanaka, ing pulo O'ahu.{{sfn|Biographical Sketch|1884|pages=72–74}}{{sfn|Allen|1995|pages=1–6}} ali'i saka bangsawan Hawai, kulawargane dianggep minangka hubungan ageng saka Kaluarga Kamehameha, sing nuduhake keturunan sing umum saka abad ke-18 sing luwih dikenal dadi Keawe'īkekahiali'iokamoku . Saka wong tuwane, dhèwèké keturunan saka Keaweaheulu lan Kame'eiamoku, loro saka limang penasihat karajan Kamehameha I sajrone numpes Karajan Hawai'i . Kame'eiamoku, mbah kakung ibune lan bapakne, yaiku salah sijine kembar karajan bebarengan Kamanawa sing digambarake ing jambul Hawai.<ref>{{harvnb|Liliuokalani|1898|pp=1–2, 104–105, 399–409}}; {{harvnb|Allen|1982|pp=33–36}}; {{harvnb|Haley|2014|page=96}}</ref>
== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}
==Kapustakaan==
* {{cite journal|last=Adler|first=Jacob|title=The Hawaiian Navy Under King Kalakaua|journal=Seventy-Third Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society for the Year 1964|year=1965|volume=73|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|hdl=10524/71|pages=7–21}}
*{{cite book|first=William De Witt |last= Alexander|title=Kalakaua's Reign: A Sketch of Hawaiian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ams0WOs75gC|year=1894|publisher=Hawaiian gazette Company|isbn= 978-1976371080|oclc= 16331580}}
*{{cite book|first=William De Witt |last= Alexander|title=History of Later Years of the Hawaiian Monarchy and the Revolution of 1893|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pD9CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA19|year=1896|publisher=Hawaiian gazette Company}}
* {{cite book|last=Allen|first=Helena G.|title=The Betrayal of Liliuokalani: Last Queen of Hawaii, 1838–1917|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2d0AAAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=A. H. Clark Company|location=Glendale, CA|isbn=978-0-87062-144-4|oclc=9576325}}
* {{cite book|last=Allen|first=Helena G.|title=Kalakaua: Renaissance King|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_SQxAQAAIAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Mutual Publishing|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-1-56647-059-9|oclc=35083815}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Andrade|first1=Ernest|title=Hawaiian Coinage Controversy – Or, What Price a Handsome Profile|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History|date=1977|volume=11|issue=|pages=|hdl=10524/415|oclc=60626541|url=|via=eVols at University of Hawai'i at Manoa}}
* {{cite journal|last=Baur|first=John E.|title=When Royalty Came To California|url=https://archive.org/details/californiahistor67cali|journal=California Historical Society Quarterly|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=67|year=1922|pages=244–264}}
* {{cite book|last=|first=|title=Biographical Sketch of His Majesty King Kalakaua|work=Honolulu Almanac and Directory|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100116864|year=1884|location=Honolulu|publisher=P. C. Advertiser Steam Printing Office|pages=72–74|oclc=12787107|ref={{harvid|Biographical Sketch|1884}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Buck|first1=Elizabeth|title=Paradise Remade: The Politics of Culture and History in Hawai'i|date=1994|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-1-4399-0608-8|oclc=859678638|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/9437|via=Project MUSE}}
* {{cite book|last=Chapin|first=Helen G.|title=Guide to Newspapers of Hawaiʻi: 1834–2000|url=http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?c=newsguide|year=2000|publisher=[[Hawaiian Historical Society]]|location=Honolulu|oclc=45330644|hdl=10524/1444}}
* {{cite journal|last=Chapin|first=Helen G.|title=Newspapers of Hawaiʻi's 1834 to 1903: From He Liona to the Pacific Cable|journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=18|year=1984|hdl=10524/179|oclc=60626541|pages=47–86|via=eVols at University of Hawai'i at Manoa}}
* {{cite book|last=Chapin|first=Helen Geracimos|title=Shaping History: The Role of Newspapers in Hawaiʻi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D-QPLqwlr7cC|year=1996|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-8248-1718-3|oclc=247186687}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cooke|first1=Amos Starr|authorlink1=Amos Starr Cooke|last2=Cooke|first2=Juliette Montague|editor-last=Richards|editor-first=Mary Atherton|title=The Chiefs' Children School: A Record Compiled from the Diary and Letters of Amos Starr Cooke and Juliette Montague Cooke, by Their Granddaughter Mary Atherton Richards|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001873424|year=1937|publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|location=Honolulu|oclc=1972890}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Dabagh|first1=Jean|last2=Lyons|first2=Curtis Jere|last3=Hitchcock|first3=Harvey Rexford|editor-last=Dabagh|editor-first=Jean|title=A King is Elected: One Hundred Years Ago|journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=8|year=1974|hdl=10524/112|oclc=60626541|pages=76–89|url=http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/112/1/JL08086.pdf}}
* {{cite book|last=Dando-Collins|first=Stephen|title=Taking Hawaii: How Thirteen Honolulu Businessmen Overthrew the Queen of Hawaii in 1893, With a Bluff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pmMkAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Open Road Media|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4976-1429-1|oclc=874921510}}
* {{cite book|first= Gavan|last= Daws|title=Shoal of Time|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZQ2uIcwQ80C|year=1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|ASIN= B01FKSJK7U|oclc= 574446745}}
* {{cite book|last=Dibble|first=Sheldon|authorlink=Sheldon Dibble|title=History of the Sandwich Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EwqpkYKuXSMC|year=1843|publisher=Press of the Mission Seminary|location=Lahainaluna|oclc=2145112}}
* {{cite book|last=Dole|first=Sanford B.|authorlink=Sanford B. Dole|editor-last=Farrell|editor-first=Andrew|title=Memoirs of the Hawaiian Revolution|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006663046|year=1936|publisher=Honolulu, Advertiser Publishing Company|location=Honolulu|oclc=4823270|via=[[HathiTrust]]}}
*{{cite book|first=Bob |last=Dye|title=Merchant Prince of the Sandalwood Mountains: Afong and the Chinese in Hawai?i|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NETf7njQoocC&pg=PA209|year=1997|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-1772-5}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Forbes|editor-first=David W.|title=Hawaiian National Bibliography, 1780–1900, Volume 3: 1851–1880|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lB_F9CffeN8C|volume=3|date=2001|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-8248-2503-4|oclc=123279964}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Forbes|editor-first=David W.|title=Hawaiian National Bibliography, 1780–1900, Volume 4: 1881–1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jAuzOipG26YC|volume=4|year=2003|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-8248-2636-9|oclc=123279964}}
* {{cite book|last=Foster|first=Jeanette|title=Volcanoes National Park|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=76utBQAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|location=Charleston, SC|isbn=978-1-4671-3294-7|oclc=889525130}}
* {{cite journal|last=Gutmanis|first=June|title=Law ... Shall Punish All Men Who Commit Crime|journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=8|year=1974|hdl=10524/526|oclc=60626541|pages=143–145}}
* {{cite book|last=Haley|first=James L.|title=Captive Paradise: A History of Hawaii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9ugBAAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=St. Martin's Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-312-60065-5|oclc=865158092}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Harper's|first1=|title=King Kalakaua of Hawaii|journal=Harper's Weekly|publisher=Harper's Magazine Co.|date=January–June 1891|volume=35|issue=|pages=95–96|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000020243333;view=1up;seq=83;size=175|via=[[HathiTrust]]}}
* {{cite book|author=Hawaii|editor-last=Lydecker|editor-first=Robert Colfax|volume=|title=Roster Legislatures of Hawaii, 1841–1918|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Gazette Company|year=1918|url=https://archive.org/details/rosterlegislatur00hawarich|oclc=60737418|ref={{harvid|Hawaii|Lydecker|1918}}}}
* {{cite journal|author=Kalakaua|editor-last=Greer|editor-first=Richard A.|title=The Royal Tourist—Kalakaua's Letters Home from Tokio to London|journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=5|year=1971|hdl=10524/186|oclc=60626541|pages=75–109|via=eVols at University of Hawai'i at Manoa}}
* {{cite book|last=Kam|first=Ralph Thomas|title=Death Rites and Hawaiian Royalty: Funerary Practices in the Kamehameha and Kalakaua Dynasties, 1819–1953|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kvanAAACAAJ|year=2017|publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers|location=S. I.|isbn=978-1-4766-6846-8|oclc=966566652}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Kamins|first1=Robert M.|last2=Adler|first2=Jacob|title=Political Debut of Walter Murray Gibson|journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=18|year=1984|hdl=10524/609|oclc=60626541|pages=96–115|via=eVols at University of Hawai'i at Manoa}}
* {{cite journal|last=Karpiel|first=Frank|title=Mystic Ties of Brotherhood: Freemasonry, Ritual, and Hawaiian Royalty in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Pacific Historical Review|location=Berkeley|publisher=University of California Press|volume=69|issue=3|date=August 2000|pages=357–397|jstor=3641714|doi=10.2307/3641714}}
* {{cite journal|last=Karpiel|first=Frank|title=Notes & Queries – The Hale Naua Society|journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=33|year=1999|hdl=10524/509|oclc=60626541|pages=203–212}}
* {{cite book|first=Mary Hannah |last= Krout|title=Hawaii and a Revolution: The Personal Experiences of a Correspondent in the Sandwich Islands During the Crisis of 1893 and Subsequently|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ir4RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA7|year=1898|publisher=Dodd, Mead|ISBN= 978-0364892411|oclc= 179686269}}
* {{cite book|first=Ralph Thomas |last= Kam|title=Death Rites and Hawaiian Royalty: Funerary Practices in the Kamehameha and Kalākaua Dynasties, 1819-1953|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1tg5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA95|date=6 Novèmber 2017|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-6846-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Kuykendall|first=Ralph Simpson|authorlink=Ralph Simpson Kuykendall|title=The Hawaiian Kingdom, 1854–1874, Twenty Critical Years|url=http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?c=kingdom2&l=en|volume=2|year=1953|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-87022-432-4|oclc=}}
* {{cite book|last=Kuykendall|first=Ralph Simpson|authorlink=Ralph Simpson Kuykendall|title=The Hawaiian Kingdom 1874–1893, The Kalakaua Dynasty|url=http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?c=kingdom3&l=en|volume=3|year=1967|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-87022-433-1|oclc=500374815}}
* {{cite book|author=Liliuokalani|authorlink=Liliuokalani|title=Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen, Liliuokalani |date=1898 |publisher=Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Co. |location=Boston, MA |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001268108 |via=[[HathiTrust]] }}
* {{cite journal|last1=Mcdermott|first1=John F.|last2=Choy|first2=Zita Cup|last3=Guerrero|first3=Anthony P. S.|title=The Last Illness and Death of Hawaiʻi's King Kalākaua: A New Historical/Clinical Perspective Cover|journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=49|year=2015|hdl=|oclc=60626541|pages=59–72|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/600876|via=Project MUSE}}
* {{cite book|last1=MacLennan|first1=Carol A.|title=Sovereign Sugar|date=2014|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|location=Honolulu, HI|isbn=978-0-8248-3949-9|oclc=875895012|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/29077|via=Project MUSE}}
* {{cite book|last=Medcalf|first=Donald|last2=Russell|first2=Ronald|title=Hawaiian Money Standard Catalog|edition=second|year=1991| origyear=1978|publisher=Ronald Russell<!-- This is a reliable source although partially self-published as Medcalf was a major coin dealer in Honolulu and an expert, the book appears thoroughly researched, and it is presently sold by the government-run Iolani Palace gift shop -->
|location=Mill Creek, WA|isbn=978-0-9623263-0-1}}
* {{cite journal|last=Newbury|first=Colin|title=Patronage and Bureaucracy in the Hawaiian Kingdom, 1840–1893|journal=Pacific Studies|url=https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/PacificStudies/article/viewFile/10216/9862|volume=24|issue=1–2|year=2001|publisher=Brigham Young University, Hawaii Campus|location=Laie, HI|issn=0275-3596|oclc=193272210|pages=1–38|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415124826/https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/PacificStudies/article/viewFile/10216/9862|archivedate=April 15, 2012|df=}}
* {{cite book|last=Osorio|first=Jon Kamakawiwoʻole|title=Dismembering Lāhui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5k6W_6QOFgC|location=Honolulu|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8248-2549-2|oclc=48579247}}
* {{cite book|last=Parker|first=David "Kawika"|chapter=Crypts of the Ali`i The Last Refuge of the Hawaiian Royalty|title=Tales of Our Hawaiʻi|location=Honolulu|publisher=Alu Like, Inc|year=2008|url=http://www.alulike.org/services/talesofourhawaii_vol3.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111231028/http://www.alulike.org/services/talesofourhawaii_vol3.pdf|archivedate=November 11, 2013|df=|oclc=309392477}}
* {{cite journal|last=Pogány|first=András H.|title=Joseph Jajczay, Captain of the Hawaiian King's Bodyguard|journal=The Hungarian Quarterly|volume=4|issue=1–2|year=1963|publisher=The Hungarian Quarterly|location=Budapest|oclc=18822542|pages=53–61}}
* {{cite journal|last=Quigg|first=Agnes|title=Kalakaua's Hawaiian Studies Abroad Program|journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=22|year=1988|hdl=10524/103|oclc=60626541|pages=170–208|via=eVols at University of Hawai'i at Manoa}}
* {{cite journal|last=Rossi|first=Pualiʻiliʻimaikalani|title=No Ka Pono ʻOle O Ka Lehulehu: The 1874 Election of Hawaiʻi's Moʻi And The Kanaka Maoli Response|location=Honolulu|publisher=University of Hawaii at Manoa|date=December 2013|hdl=10125/100744|pages=|url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/100744/1/Rossi_Puali%27ili%27imaikalani_r.pdf}}
* {{cite book|last=Silva|first=Noenoe K.|title=Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3IFQ2YAsXgC|year=2004|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham|isbn=978-0-8223-8622-3|oclc=191222123}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Thrum|editor-first=Thomas G.|title=Portuguese Immigration to the Hawaiian Islands|work=Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1881|year=1881|publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|location=Honolulu|hdl=10524/23168|page=}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Thrum|editor-first=Thomas G.|title=Portuguese Immigration to the Hawaiian Islands|work=Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1883|year=1883|publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|location=Honolulu|hdl=10524/657|page=}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Thrum|editor-first=Thomas G.|title=Japanese immigration|work=Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1896|year=1896|publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|location=Honolulu|hdl=10524/23173|page=}}
* {{cite book|last1=Thurston|first1=Lorrin A.|title=Memoirs of the Hawaiian Revolution|date=1936|publisher=Honolulu Advertiser Publishing}}
* {{cite book|last1=Tranquada|first1=Jim|last2=King|first2=John|title=The ʻUkulele: A History|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/14461|year=2012|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-8248-3544-6|oclc=767806914|via=[[Project MUSE]]|url-access=subscription}}
* {{cite journal|last=Tsai|first=Tiffany Ing|title=The 1873 Election in Hawaiʻi between Prince William Charles Lunalilo and the Other Candidate|journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=50|year=2016|hdl=|oclc=60626541|pages=53–73|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/634283|via=Project MUSE}}
* {{cite journal|last=Tsai|first=Tiffany Lani Ing|title="He Ka Waiho Hoʻohemahema": Kana Maoli Responses to King Kalakaua's Tour of the Kingdom from 1874 Newspapers in Hawaiʻi|journal=Hawaiian Journal of History|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=48|year=2014|hdl=10524/47258|oclc=60626541|pages=115–143}}
* {{cite book|last=Twain|first=Mark|authorlink=Mark Twain|title=Letters from the Sandwich Islands: Written for the Sacramento Union|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000663766|year=1938|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Palo Alto|oclc=187974|pages=16–137}}
* {{cite book|last1=Van Dyke|first1=Jon M.|title=Who Owns the Crown Lands of Hawai`i?|date=2008|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu, HI|isbn=978-0-8248-3210-0|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/8305|via=Project MUSE}}
* {{cite book|last=Vowell|first=Sarah|authorlink=Sarah Vowell|title=Unfamiliar Fishes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRPXBXsU7UIC|year=2011|publisher=Riverhead Books|isbn=978-1-101-48645-0|oclc=646111859}}
* {{cite book|last1=Wharton|first1=Glenn|title=The Painted King|date=2012|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|location=Honolulu, HI|isbn=978-0-8248-3495-1|oclc=741751139|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/2148|via=Project MUSE}}
* {{cite book|last=Zambucka|first=Kristin|title=Kalakaua: Hawaiʻi's Last King|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfceu0KeqfsC|year=2002|publisher=Māna Publishing Company|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-931897-04-7|oclc=123305738}}
{{refend}}
== Wacanan lianne ==
* {{cite book|last1=Armstrong|first1=William N.|title=Around the World with a King|date=1904|publisher=F. A. Stokes Company|location=New York, NY|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008585037|via=[[HathiTrust]]}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Baur|first1=John E.|title=When Royalty Came to California|journal=California History|date=1988|volume=67|issue=4|pages=244–265|doi=10.2307/25158494|jstor=25158494 }}
* {{cite book|last=Burns|first=Eugene|title=The Last King of Paradise|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DoIZAAAAMAAJ|year=1952|publisher=Pellegrini & Cudahy|location=New York|oclc=414982}}
* {{cite book|last=Dukas|first=Neil Bernard|title=A Military History of Sovereign Hawaiʻi|year=2004|publisher=Mutual Publishing Company|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-1-56647-636-2|oclc=56195693}}
* {{cite book |last=Girod |first=André |title=American Gothic: Une mosaïque de personnalités américaines |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2014 |language=French |isbn=978-2-343-04037-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Hallock|first=Leavitt Homan|title=Hawaii Under King Kalakaua from Personal Experiences of Leavitt H. Hallock|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006512931|year=1911|publisher=Smith & Sale|location=Portland, ME|oclc=2802182|via=[[HathiTrust]]}}
* {{cite book|last=Houston|first=James D.|title=Bird of Another Heaven|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xsyRUNKauEC|year=2008|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|location=New York|isbn=978-0-307-38808-7|oclc=71552454}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ing|first1=Tiffany|title=Illuminating the American, International, and Hawaiʻi Representations of David Kalākaua and His Reign, 1874–1891|date=May 2015|publisher=University of Hawaii at Manoa|hdl=10125/50983}}
* {{cite book|title=Kalakaua dead. The king dies on a foreign shore ... at San Francisco, Cal., January 20, 1891. Funeral ceremonies ... Reception in Honolulu ... Notes on the king's trip through southern California, by Lieut. Gen. P. Blow, U.S.N. Reports of Rear Admiral Brown, U.S.N., and Medical Inspector Woods|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100330575|year=1891|publisher=Bulletin Publishing Company|location=Honolulu|oclc=82800064|via=[[HathiTrust]]|access-date=January 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063150/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100330575|archive-date=February 2, 2017|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kalakaua|first1=David|last2=Daggett|first2=Rollin M.|authorlink2=Rollin M. Daggett|title=The Legends and Myths of Hawaii: The Fables and Folk-lore of a Strange People|date=1888|publisher=Charles L. Webster & Company|location=New York, NY|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001881141|via=[[HathiTrust]]}}
* {{cite book|last=Lowe|first=Ruby Hasegawa|title=David Kalākaua|url=http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?c=ks6&l=en|year=1999|publisher=Kamehameha Schools Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-87336-041-8|oclc=40729128}}
* {{cite book|author=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|title=Coronation of the King and Queen of the Hawaiian Islands, at Honolulu, Monday, Feb 12th 1883|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100511096|via=[[HathiTrust]]|year=1883|publisher=Printed at the Advertiser Steam Printing House|location=Honolulu|oclc=77955761}}
* {{cite book|last1=Poepoe|first1=Joseph M.|last2=Brown|first2=George|title=Ka Moolelo o ka Moi Kalakaua I|url=http://ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?e=d-0kalakaua-000Sec--11en-50-20-frameset-book-nalu-1-011escapewin&a=d&p2=book|year=1891|publisher=|location=Honolulu|oclc=16331688}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite book |first1=Puali'ili'imaikalani |last1=Rossi |title=No Ka Pono ʻOle O Ka Lehulehu : The 1874 Election of Hawaiʻi's Moʻi And The Kanaka Maoli Response |date=December 2013 |publisher=University of Hawaii at Manoa |pages=193 |url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/100744}}
* {{cite journal|last=Schweizer|first=Niklaus R.|title=King Kalakaua: An International Perspective|journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History|location=Honolulu|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=25|year=1991|hdl=10524/539|oclc=60626541|pages=103–120}}
* {{cite book |last=Tabrah |first=Ruth M. |authorlink=Ruth Tabrah |title=Hawaii: A History |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-393-30220-2}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Tate|first1=Merze|title=Hawaii's Program of Primacy in Polynesia|journal=Oregon Historical Quarterly|date=1960|volume=61|issue=4|pages=377–407|publisher=Oregon Historical Society|jstor=20612586}}
== Pranala njaba ==
{{Commons category|Kalākaua}}
* {{Gutenberg author|id=48935}}
* [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8vh5n6w/ A guide to the Rough log and journal, 1880–1881, 1891]
* {{cite book |last1=Palmer |first1=Walter B. |last2=Day |first2=Clive |last3=Viner |first3=Jacob |last4=Hornbeck |first4=Stanley Kuhl |title=Reciprocity and commercial treaties |date=1919 |publisher=Govt. Print. Off. |page=25 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003130859|via=HathiTrust}}
{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=[[List of monarchs of Hawaii|King of Hawaiʻi]]|before=[[Lunalilo]]||after=[[Liliuokalani|Liliʻuokalani]]|years=1874–1891}}
{{S-end}}
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{{Infobox wong}}
'''Yola Aurelia Laksmi''' utawi '''Rayola''' ({{lahirmati|[[Padang]], [[Sumatra Kulon]]|31|03|1996}}) inggih punika salah satunggalipun [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktris]] [[Indonésia]].
== Diskografi ==
===== Album =====
* ''Hanyo Punyo Cinto'' (2012)
* ''Takana Kasiah Di Pakanbaru'' (2013)
* ''Cinto Tak Sampai'' (2013)
* ''Rindukan Ayah'' (2014)
* ''Manikam Jajak'' (2014)
* ''Basandiang Bukan Jo Cinto'' (2016)
* ''Luko Batahan Surang'' (2016)
* ''Cinto Hanyo Di Denai'' (2017)
* ''Singgalang Jaya'' (2018)
* ''Tadayo Gurauan Sayang'' (2019)
===== Single =====
* "Aku Masih Tegar" (2017)
* "Nirwana" (2017)
* "Purcaya Do Au" (2019)
* "Manyapai Ho" (2019)
* "Korban Harapan" (2019)
* "Cinto Paubek Luko" (2021)
* "Usah Dikana Kana" (2021)
* "Bansaik Parintang Sayang" (2022)
* "Cincin Cinto" (2022)
* "Dalam Harok Batinggakan" (2022)
* "Duo Hati Satu Cinto" (2022)
* "Harato Bukan Ukuran Cinto" (2022)
* "Baharok Cahayo Bintang" (2022)
* "Layia Takambang Suruik Bapantang" (2022)
* "Aku Tak Seindah Rembulan" (2022)
* "Cinto Lain Pilihan" (2022)
* "Cinto Sapasukuan" (2022)
* "Cinto Sataguah Karang" (2022)
* "Luko" (2022)
* "Medley Padiah Ditusuak Cinto, Pakasiah Tak Baramuan, Malam Panantian, Bariangnyo Luko" (2022)
* "Medley Pulanglah Uda & Rindu Disayang Uda" (2022)
* "Indak Ado Nan Lain" (2022)
* "Luko Baukia Jo Sambilu" (2022)
* "Rindu Semakin Dalam" (2022)
* "Doa Restu" (2022)
* "Galau Hati Ibo" (2022)
* "Lah Manyuruak Tampak Juo" (2022)
* "Luko Indak Dibaok Pulang" (2022)
* "Sio Sio Harok Mananti" (2022)
* "Denai Teseso" (2022)
* "Cinto Manyeso Badan" (2022)
* "Tuneh Lah Patah" (2022)
* "Haram Babaliak Sayang" (2022)
* "Kandak Rang Tuo" (2022)
* "Jodoh Indak Di Tangan Kito" (2022)
* "Lupo Diri Dalam Ganggaman" (2022)
* "Kawan Sairiang Urang Katigo" (2022)
* "Cinto Untuak Salamonyo" (2022)
* "Mauik Pamisah Cinto" (2022)
* "Rinai Pun Jadi Juo" (2022)
* "Batahun Di Rantau" (2022)
* "Rilakan Denai" (2023)
* "Pergilah Kenangan" (2023)
* "Lah Sayang Mangko Tabuang" (2023)
* "Cinto Satangah Hati" (2023)
* "Gamang Manaruah Sayang" (2023)
* "Janji Ka Janji Nanti Ka Nanti" (2023)
* "Hadirmu Membuat Terlukan" (2023)
* "Urang Minang" (2023)
* "Sio Sio Manaruah Sayang" (2023)
* "Barayo Di Kampuang" (2023)
* "Uda Salah Urang" (2023)
* "Salah Bataruah Cinto" (2023)
* "Indak Mungkin Kasiah Baulang" (2023)
* "Salah Aku Percaya" (2023)
* "Usah Dikana Kana 2" (2023)
* "Hati Bamintak Jantuang Bapulangkan" (2023)
* "Taraso Lai Takato Tido" (2023)
* "Berakhir Sampai Disini" (2023)
* "Merak Bakahueni" (2023)
* "Pai Jo Rang Barado" (2023)
* "Anggan Barupo Talak" (2023)
* "Racun Den Sangko Madu" (2023)
* "Katonyo Kawan Nyatonyo Sayang" (2023)
* "Ubek Panawa Luko" (2023)
* "Sapayuang Rindu" (2023)
* "Sasalan Tibo Di Ujuang Luko (2023)
* "Cimburu Tandonyo Sayang" (2023)
* "Talarai" (2023)
* "Hilang Baganti Buruak Batuka" (2023)
* "Kahilangan" (2023)
* "Si Malang Jo SI Mujua" (2023)
* "Kandak Dapek Jaso Talupo" (2023)
* "Mungkin Indak Kasalamonyo" (2023)
* "Kasiah Dibateh Seso" (2023)
* "Kalah Cinto Dek Harato" (2023)
* "Adiak Urang Nan Den Cinto" (2023)
* "Batapuak Sabalah Tangan" (2023)
* "Harok Cinto Taulang" (2024)
* "Usah Bajambo Tangan" (2024)
* "Bareh Solok" (2024)
* "Mande Nan Denai Sayang" (2024)
* "Cinto Indak Sapadan" (2024)
* "Rintangan Pasti Kito Hadang" (2024)
* "Mananti Janji Ka Janji" (2024)
* "Raso Sayang Babaleh Jo Padiah" (2024)
* "Sakik Janjian Mungkia" (2024)
* "Padiah Taluko" (2024)
* "Salah Malabuahkan Cinto" (2024)
* "Manyasa" (2024)
* "Mandandam Hati" (2024)
* "Isak Marindu" (2024)
* "Latiah Manjago Hati" (2024)
* "Simalakamo Cinto" (2024)
* "Sahujan Indak Sarinai" (2024)
* "Rindu Indak Babaleh" (2024)
* "Bajodoh Tapi Tak Cinto" (2024)
* "Dilua Galak Didalam Manangih" (2024)
* "Cangguang" (2024)
* "Buruak Parangai" (2024)
* "Manikam Dalam Galak" (2024)
* "Taguriah Mambari Tangih" (2024)
* "Malu Nan Uda Bari" (2024)
* "Lupo Paneh Dek Hujan Sadarok" (2024)
* "Harok Bulan Nan Tarang" (2024)
* "Talambek Pulang" (2024)
* "Mandeh Ka Ganti Ayah" (2024)
* "Sumpah Mainan Bibia" (2024)
* "Indak Ka Diganti Ganti" (2024)
* "Luko Ditingga Kawin" (2024)
* "Tadayo Tipuan Manjo" (2024)
* "Pai Indak Ka Babaliak" (2024)
* "Sayang Di Urang" (2024)
* "Cinto Sairiang Jalan" (2024)
* "Biakan Denai Sanang" (2025)
* "Cinto Suci Badutoi" (2025)
* "Malapeh Hao" (2025)
* "Salah Manimbang" (2025)
* "Usah Denai Uda Salahkan" (2025)
* "Angok DImato Uda" (2025)
* "Kito Indak Sabilang" (2025)
* "Tingga Jo Tangih" (2025)
* "Rindu Sabateh Anggan" (2025)
* "Takuik Taluko" (2025)
* "Bagaluik Jo Parasaian" (2025)
* "Aia Raso Baduri" (2025)
* "Biakan Denai Surang" (2025)
* "Maulang Sayang" (2025)
* "Barek Malapeh Cinto" (2025)
* "Saba Dalam Panantian" (2025)
* "Hinggo Rambuik Mamutiah" (2025)
* "Bialah Maurak Janji" (2025)
* "Kaco Indak Kajadi Mutiara" (2025)
* "Darah Taraso Baku" (2025)
* "Manikam Dari Balakang" (2025)
* "Kasiah Habih Sayang Tak Hilang" (2025)
* "Usah Dipasalahkan" (2025)
* "Tampek Jatuah Ka Dikana" (2026)
* "Habih Tiado Basiso" (2026)
* "Usah Dibandiang Bandiangkan" (2026)
* "Tanti Batanti" (2026)
* "Manutuik Hati" (2026)
* "Dagiang Tak Basiso" (2026)
* "Batamu Darah Tasirok" (2026)
== Pranala njaba ==
{{penyanyi-stub}}
{{bio-stub}}
[[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]]
nbq88yzxeu83hh3kwutrv08n5iw8gor
Kali Whanganui
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[[File:Whanganui River.jpg|thumb|Kali Whanganui]]
'''Kali Whanganui''' minangka [[kali]] utama ing Pulo Lor [[Selandia Baru]]. Kali iki minangka kali paling dawa nomer telu ing negara kasebut, lan duwe status khusus amarga pentinge kanggo masarakat Māori ing wilayah kasebut. Ing wulan Maret 2017 dadi sumber daya alam nomer loro (sawise Te Urewera) sing diwenehi identitas hukum dhewe, kanthi hak, tugas lan tanggung jawab wong sing sah. Pemukiman Prajanjian Whanganui mungkasi proses litigasi paling dawa ing sajarah Selandia Baru.<ref name="Davison">{{cite news|last1=Davison|first1=Isaac|title=Whanganui River given legal status of a person under unique Treaty of Waitangi settlement|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11818858|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|accessdate=16 March 2017|archive-date=1 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401071050/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11818858|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="roy-2017">
{{cite web
| first1 = Eleanor Ainge | last1 = Roy
| title = New Zealand river granted same legal rights as human being
| date = 16 March 2017
| work = The Guardian
| location = London, United Kingdom
| access-date = 16 March 2017
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/16/new-zealand-river-granted-same-legal-rights-as-human-being
}}
</ref>
==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}
ieg851h5cruespk97r2fvwm34xoqs1r
Siti Chamamah Soeratno
0
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'''Siti Chamamah Soeratno''' ya iku salah siji anggota [[Aisyiyah]] kang lair ing Kampung Kauman, [[Ngupasan, Gandamanan, Kutha Ngayogyakarta|Kalurahan Ngupasan, Kacamatan Gandamanan, Provinsi Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aisyiyah.or.id/id/page/tokoh/hal/8.html|title=Siti Umniyah|last=Pimpinan Pusat Aisyiyah|first=|date=2019-08-11|website=Pimpinan Pusat Aisyiyah|access-date=2019-08-11}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.suaramuhammadiyah.id/2019/07/15/kamaludiningrat-penghulu-reformis-dari-kauman/|title=Kamaluddiningrat: Penghulu Reformis dari Kauman|last=Mu’arif|first=|date=2019-07-15|website=Suara Muhammadiyah|access-date=2019-08-11|archive-date=2019-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811020637/http://www.suaramuhammadiyah.id/2019/07/15/kamaludiningrat-penghulu-reformis-dari-kauman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://sangpencerah.id/2015/04/mengenal-sosok-kh-muhammad/|title=Mengenal Sosok K.H. Muhammad Kamaluddiningrat (Anggota Muhammadiyah Pertama)|last=Mu’arif|first=|date=2019-04-25|website=Sang Pencerah|access-date=2019-08-11|archive-date=2023-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828185547/https://sangpencerah.id/2015/04/mengenal-sosok-kh-muhammad/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aisyiyah.or.id/id/page/tokoh/hal/3.html|title=Moendjijah|last=Pimpinan Pusat Aisyiyah|first=|date=2020-04-05|website=Pimpinan Pusat Aisyiyah|access-date=2020-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ibtimes.id/siti-bariyah-perempuan-pertama-penafsir-ideologi-muhammadiyah/|title=Siti Bariyah: Perempuan Pertama Penafsir Ideologi Muhammadiyah|last=Mu'arif|first=|date=2019-04-13|website=Redaksi Ibtimes|access-date=2020-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ibtimes.id/para-gadis-kauman-perintis-perubahan/|title=Para Gadis Kauman Perintis Perubahan|last=Ibtimes|first=|date=2020-02-21|website=Redaksi Ibtimes|access-date=2020-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.muhammadiyah.or.id/id/content-48-cam-organisasi-otonom.html|title=Organisasi Otonom|last=Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah|first=|date=2020-04-05|website=Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah|access-date=2020-04-05|archive-date=2020-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401213531/http://www.muhammadiyah.or.id/id/content-48-cam-organisasi-otonom.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Beliau meninggal dunia pada tanggal 7 Juli 2026 di Rumah Sakit Akademik (RSA) Universitas Gadjah Mada.
== Uga delengen ==
* [[Nyai Ahmad Dahlan]]
* [[Siti Aisyah Hilal]]
* [[Siti Badilah Zubair]]
* [[Siti Baroroh Baried]]
* [[Siti Bariyah]]
* [[Siti Hadiroh Ahmad]]
* [[Siti Munjiyah]]
* [[Siti Umniyah]]
== Rujukan ==
<references />
== Kapustakan ==
{{refbegin|2}}
'''Buku'''
* {{Cite book|title=Matahari Pembaruan: Rekam Jejak K.H. Ahmad Dahlan|last=Anshoriy|first=Muhammad Nasruddin|publisher=Jogja Bangkit Publisher|year=2010|isbn=978-602-9703-21-4|location=Yogyakarta|page=|ref={{sfnref|Anshoriy|2010}}}}
* {{Cite book|title=Sejarah Kauman: Menguak Identitas Kampung Muhammadiyah|last=Darban|first=Ahmad Adaby|publisher=Tarawang|year=2000|isbn=978-979-8681-26-4|location=Yogyakarta|page=|ref={{sfnref|Darban|2000}}}}
* {{Cite book|title=Marhaenis Muhammadiyah: Ajaran dan Pemikiran K.H. Ahmad Dahlan|last=Mulkhan|first=Abdul Munir|date=|publisher=Galang Pustaka|year=2013|isbn=978-602-9431-27-8|location=Yogyakarta|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Mulkhan|2013}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|url=|title=Profil 1 Abad Muhammadiyah|last=Nashir|first=Haedar, dkk|date=|publisher=Lembaga Pustaka dan Informasi PP. Muhammadiyah|year=2010|isbn=978-979-7094-98-0|location=Jakarta|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Nashir, dkk|2010}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Gerakan Modern Islam di Indonesia 1900–1942|last=Noer|first=Deliar|publisher=LP3ES|year=1988|isbn=978-019-6382-54-8|location=Jakarta|page=|ref={{sfnref|Noer|1988}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Srikandi-Srikandi Aisyiyah|last=Setyowati|first=Hajar Nur|last2=Mu'arif|publisher=Suara Muhammadiyah|year=2014|isbn=978-979-3708-97-3|location=Yogyakarta|page=|ref={{sfnref|Setyowati|Mu'arif|2014}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Politik Islam Hindia-Belanda|last=Suminto|first=Husnul Aqib|date=|publisher=LP3ES|year=1985|isbn=978-979-8015-10-6|location=Jakarta|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Suminto|1985}}|url-status=live}}
'''Priksa'''
* {{Cite book|title=Haji Fachrodin|last=Anis|first=Junus|date=1969|publisher=PT. Percetakan Persatuan|isbn=|location=Yogyakarta|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Anis|1969}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Kitab Tauhid|last=Fauzan|first=Al|date=|publisher=Yayasan Al-Sofwa|year=2001|isbn=|location=Jakarta|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Fauzan|2001}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Pembaharuan Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Islam yang Diselenggarakan Oleh Pergerakan Muhammadiyah|last=Hamzah|first=Amir|date=|publisher=Penyelenggara Publikasi Pembaruan Pendidikan/Pengajaran Islam|year=1962|isbn=|location=Yogyakarta|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Hamzah|1962}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Jilid III|last=Kartodirdjo, Sartono, dkk|first=|date=|publisher=Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|year=1975|isbn=|location=Jakarta|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Kartodirdjo, dkk|1975}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan|last=Kutoyo|first=Sutrisno|date=|publisher=Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Nasional|year=1983|isbn=|location=Jakarta|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Kutoyo|1983}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Beberapa Studi Tentang Sejarah Islam di Indonesia 1900–1950|last=Pijper|first=Guillaume Frédéric|publisher=Universitas Indonesia Press|year=1984|isbn=|location=Jakarta|page=|ref={{sfnref|Pijper|1984}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Muhammadiyah dan Pendirinya|last=Sudja|first=|publisher=PP. Muhammadiyah Majelis Pustaka|year=1989|isbn=|location=Yogyakarta|page=|ref={{sfnref|Sudja|1989}}}}
* {{Cite book|title=Nyai Ahmad Dahlan Pahlawan Nasional: Amal dan Perjuangannya|last=Suratmin|first=|publisher=PP. Aisyiyah Seksi Khusus Penerbitan dan Publikasi|year=1990|isbn=|location=Yogyakarta|page=|ref={{sfnref|Suratmin|1990}}}}
* {{Cite book|url=http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/13009/1/BIOGRAFI%20TOKOH%20KONGRES%20PEREMPUAN%20INDONESIA%20PERTAMA.pdf|title=Biografi Tokoh Kongres Perempuan Indonesia Pertama|last=Suratmin|first=dkk|date=|publisher=Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Nasional|year=1991|isbn=|location=Jakarta|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Suratmin, dkk|1991}}|url-status=live}}
'''Jurnal'''
* {{Cite journal|last=Rohman|first=Fandy Aprianto|year=2019|title=K.H. Sangidu, Penghulu Penemu Nama Muhammadiyah|url=https://patrawidya.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/patrawidya/article/view/155|journal=Patra Widya|volume=20|issue=2|pages=|doi=|issn=2598-4209|ref={{sfnref|Rohman|2019}}}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Seniwati|first=|last2=Lestari|first2=Tuti Dwi|year=2019|title=Sikap Hidup Wanita Muslim Kauman: Kajian Peranan Aisyiyah dalam Kebangkitan Wanita di Yogyakarta Tahun 1914–1928|url=https://jurnalwalasuji.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/walasuji/article/view/11|journal=Walasuji|volume=10|issue=2|pages=|doi=|issn=2502-2229|ref={{sfnref|Seniwati|Lestari|2019}}|access-date=2021-04-16|archive-date=2020-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216190043/https://jurnalwalasuji.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/walasuji/article/view/11|url-status=dead}}
{{refend}}
[[Kategori:Aisyiyah]]
0cpfyi1u755cx2ko8fdagpura2zpcrh
Kabiskopan Jiangmen
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{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Kabiskopan
|name = Jiangmen
|local = 天主教江门教区
|latin = Dioecesis Chiammenensis
|country = {{flag|China}}
|metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Guangzhou|Guangzhou]]
|province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Guangzhou|Guangzhou]]
|rite = [[Ritus Latin]]
|cathedral = Katedral Ati Suci Maria ing [[Zhongshan]]
|cocathedral =
|area_km2 = 35,000
|population = 4,000,000
|population_as_of = 1950
|catholics = 8,292
|catholics_percent= 0.2
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop = Paul Liang Jian-sen<ref name="barrons">{{cite web
|url=http://stanleymaryknoll.typepad.com/chinahands/2011/03/a-friend-of-maryknoll-ordained-as-bishop-of-jiangmen.html
|title=A Friend of Maryknoll Ordained as Bishop of Jiangmen
|publisher=Fr. Brian Barrons
|accessdate=2011-06-02
|archive-date=2022-10-27
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027124634/https://stanleymaryknoll.typepad.com/chinahands/2011/03/a-friend-of-maryknoll-ordained-as-bishop-of-jiangmen.html
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
|coadjutor =
|metro_archbishop = Joseph Gan Junqiu
|auxiliary_bishops=
}}
'''Kabiskopan Jiangmen/Kongmoon''' ({{lang-la|Chiammenen(sis)}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] sing ana ing kutha [[Jiangmen]], [[provinsi grejawi]] [[Kabiskopan Agung Guangzhou|Guangzhou]], Tiongkok.
== Sajarah ==
* 31 Januari 1924: Didegake minangka [[Prefektur Apostolik]] Jiangmen 江門 saka [[Vikariat Apostolik Shantou]] 汕頭
* 3 Februari 1927: Dipromosikake minangka [[Vikariat Apostolik]] Jiangmen 江門
* 11 April 1946: Dipromosikake minangka Keuskupan Jiangmen 江門
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala njaba ==
{{commons category|Roman Catholic Diocese of Jiangmen}}
== Wacanan tambahan ==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kong0.htm GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkong.html Catholic Hierarchy]
* [http://www.ucanews.com/dps/html/dps-ch_jiangmen.php UCAN Diocese Profile]
{{coord|22.5779|113.0863|display=title}}
{{kabiskopan ing Tiongkok}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jiangmen}}
[[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Tiongkok]]
[[Kategori:Organisasi Kristen sing didegaké taun 1924]]
iu1od58a1yy42xmm6v4vdcv2sv1gp71
Jenny Shipley
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{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
|name = Dame Jenny Shipley
|honorific-suffix = [[New Zealand Order of Merit|DNZM]]
|image = Jenny Shipley 2013 (crop).jpg
|caption = Shipley ing 2013
|office = [[Mahamantri Niu Selan]] ka-36
|monarch = [[Elizabeth II]]
|1blankname = {{nowrap|Gubernur-Jenderal}}
|1namedata = [[Michael Hardie Boys]]
|deputy1 = [[Winston Peters]]<br>[[Wyatt Creech]]
|term_start = 8 Desember 1997
|term_end = 10 Desember 1999
|predecessor1 = [[Jim Bolger]]
|successor1 = [[Helen Clark]]
|office2 = [[Pemimpin Oposisi (Niu Selan)|Pemimpin Oposisi]] ke-28
|primeminister2 = Helen Clark
|term_start2 = 10 Desember 1999
|term_end2 = 8 Oktober 2001
|predecessor2 = Helen Clark
|successor2 = [[Bill English]]
|constituency_MP3 = [[Rakaia (dapil Niu Selan)|Rakaia]]
|parliament3 = Niu Selan
|term_start3 = 27 Oktober 1990
|term_end3 = 27 Juli 2002
|predecessor3 = Dapil didegake
|successor3 = [[Brian Connell]]
|constituency_MP4 = [[Ashburton (dapil Niu Selan)|Ashburton]]
|parliament4 = Niu Selan
|term_start4 = 15 Agustus 1987
|term_end4 = 27 Oktober 1990
|predecessor4 = [[Rob Talbot]]
|successor4 = Dapil ditiadake
|birth_name = Jennifer Mary Robson
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|2|4|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Gore, Niu Selan|Gore]], Niu Selan
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[Parte Nasional Niu Selan]]
|spouse = {{marriage|Burton Shipley|1972}}
|children = 2
}}
'''Dame Jennifer Mary Shipley''' {{post-nominals|country=NZL|size=100%|DNZM|PC}} (née '''Robson'''; {{lahirmati|[[Gore, Niu Selan|Gore]], Niu Selan|4|2|1952}})<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/jenny-shipley |title=Jenny Shipley |date=27 October 2017 |website=New Zealand history online |publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage |language=en |access-date=2 February 2018}}</ref> yaiku mantan pulitikus Niu Selan sing ngejabat minangka Mahamantri Niu Selan ka-36 saka 1997 nganti 1999. Ia menika mahamantri Niu Selan wadon kapisan, lan siji-sijine wadon sing mimpin [[Parte Nasional Niu Selan|Parte Nasional]].<ref>Skard, Torild (2014) "Jenny Shipley and Helen Clark" in ''Women of Power – Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide''. Bristol: Policy Press, {{ISBN|978-1-44731-578-0}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
== Pranala jaba ==
{{Commons category|Jenny Shipley}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014022426/http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1997-99shipley.html Prime Minister's Office biography], primeminister.govt.nz; accessed 18 June 2015.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140506150455/http://www.globalwomen.org.nz/Our+Members/Rt+Hon+Dame+Jenny+Shipley.html Profile], GlobalWomen.org.nz; accessed 18 June 2015.
* {{cite news|first=Karyn|last=Scherer|title=The prime of Mrs Jenny Shipley|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=10489952&pnum=0|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=4 February 2008|access-date=11 March 2022|archive-date=21 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021015745/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=10489952&pnum=0|url-status=dead}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shipley, Jenny}}
[[Kategori:Mahamantri Niu Sélan]]
6epku893isbk48724f8c4bwoypzhzni
Laurel Goodwin
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Meursault2004
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'''Laurel Goodwin''' (11 Agustus 1942 – 25 Fébruari 2022) iku aktris film lan télévisi Amérika Sarékat. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké pacaré [[Elvis Presley]] in film ''[[Girls! Girls! Girls!]]'' (1962), lan uga maragakaké Yeoman J.M. Colt ing épisodhe pilot ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'' "The Cage".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-08 |title=Laurel Goodwin, Star Trek's Yeoman Colt, passed away in February at 79 |url=https://www.dailystartreknews.com/read/laurel-goodwin-star-treks-yeoman-colt-passed-away-in-february-at-79 |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=www.dailystartreknews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1942]]
[[Kategori:Pati 2022]]
sk6shpt5h2legwgv3vovzff9zgahpgk
1751279
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Meursault2004
3
sithik
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'''Laurel Goodwin''' (11 Agustus 1942 – 25 Fébruari 2022) iku aktris film lan télévisi Amérika Sarékat. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké kenya taksirané [[Elvis Presley]] ing film ''[[Girls! Girls! Girls!]]'' (1962), lan uga olèhé maragakaké Yeoman J.M. Colt ing épisodhe pilot ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'' "The Cage".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-08 |title=Laurel Goodwin, Star Trek's Yeoman Colt, passed away in February at 79 |url=https://www.dailystartreknews.com/read/laurel-goodwin-star-treks-yeoman-colt-passed-away-in-february-at-79 |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=www.dailystartreknews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Urip awal ==
== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1942]]
[[Kategori:Pati 2022]]
gzuig0jjmop8w2f4du04h9jh5btgdxl
1751280
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2026-07-08T06:18:52Z
Meursault2004
3
/* Urip awal */
1751280
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text/x-wiki
'''Laurel Goodwin''' (11 Agustus 1942 – 25 Fébruari 2022) iku aktris film lan télévisi Amérika Sarékat. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké kenya taksirané [[Elvis Presley]] ing film ''[[Girls! Girls! Girls!]]'' (1962), lan uga olèhé maragakaké Yeoman J.M. Colt ing épisodhe pilot ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'' "The Cage".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-08 |title=Laurel Goodwin, Star Trek's Yeoman Colt, passed away in February at 79 |url=https://www.dailystartreknews.com/read/laurel-goodwin-star-treks-yeoman-colt-passed-away-in-february-at-79 |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=www.dailystartreknews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Urip awal ==
Laurel Goodwin lair ing [[Wichita, Kansas]], tanggal 11 Agustus 1942. Ḍhèwèké banjur ngalih menyang [[San Diego]] karo kulawargané, lan banjur iku menyang [[San Francisco]].<ref name="THR">{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Mike |title=Laurel Goodwin, Actress in 'Girls! Girls! Girls!' and the Rejected 'Star Trek' Pilot, Dies at 79 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/laurel-goodwin-dead-star-trek-1235105826/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=March 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307204151/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/laurel-goodwin-dead-star-trek-1235105826/ |archive-date=March 7, 2022}}</ref>
Minangka fotomodhèl bocah, Laurel Goodwin kababar pisan ing kelir minangka kenya taksirané [[Elvis Presley]] ing film, ''[[Girls! Girls! Girls!]]'' (1962)
== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1942]]
[[Kategori:Pati 2022]]
l7sh6ay80tl2c6pxz4bu455ed8ahqi1
1751281
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2026-07-08T06:19:39Z
Meursault2004
3
/* Réferènsi */
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'''Laurel Goodwin''' (11 Agustus 1942 – 25 Fébruari 2022) iku aktris film lan télévisi Amérika Sarékat. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké kenya taksirané [[Elvis Presley]] ing film ''[[Girls! Girls! Girls!]]'' (1962), lan uga olèhé maragakaké Yeoman J.M. Colt ing épisodhe pilot ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'' "The Cage".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-08 |title=Laurel Goodwin, Star Trek's Yeoman Colt, passed away in February at 79 |url=https://www.dailystartreknews.com/read/laurel-goodwin-star-treks-yeoman-colt-passed-away-in-february-at-79 |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=www.dailystartreknews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Urip awal ==
Laurel Goodwin lair ing [[Wichita, Kansas]], tanggal 11 Agustus 1942. Ḍhèwèké banjur ngalih menyang [[San Diego]] karo kulawargané, lan banjur iku menyang [[San Francisco]].<ref name="THR">{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Mike |title=Laurel Goodwin, Actress in 'Girls! Girls! Girls!' and the Rejected 'Star Trek' Pilot, Dies at 79 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/laurel-goodwin-dead-star-trek-1235105826/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=March 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307204151/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/laurel-goodwin-dead-star-trek-1235105826/ |archive-date=March 7, 2022}}</ref>
Minangka fotomodhèl bocah, Laurel Goodwin kababar pisan ing kelir minangka kenya taksirané [[Elvis Presley]] ing film, ''[[Girls! Girls! Girls!]]'' (1962)
== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala njaba ==
* {{IMDb name}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goodwin, Laurel}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1942]]
[[Kategori:Pati 2022]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]]
4z6ty62qydif8z20yfz5iwog1n7cgi3
Jero jaringan lan jaba jaringan
0
200577
1751263
2026-07-07T13:20:48Z
Dulusima
73546
Kaca anyar: {{Short description|Kahanan kasambung utawa kapedhoté sambungan kanggo piranti lan leladi}} {{Use dmy dates|date=Méi 2019}} [[Barkas:O2 Wireless Box V.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Kothak nirkabel O2]] karo lampu sing nuduhaké yèn pangener nduwéni daya, sambungan [[èternèt]], lan sambungan [[pita amba]], nanging sambungan internèt lan [[Wi-Fi]]-né lagi baring]] Ing tèknologi komputer lan [[Telekomunikasi|tèlèkomunikasi]], '''jero jaringan ''' (jroring) utawa '''jero kawat...
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{{Short description|Kahanan kasambung utawa kapedhoté sambungan kanggo piranti lan leladi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=Méi 2019}}
[[Barkas:O2 Wireless Box V.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Kothak nirkabel O2]] karo lampu sing nuduhaké yèn pangener nduwéni daya, sambungan [[èternèt]], lan sambungan [[pita amba]], nanging sambungan internèt lan [[Wi-Fi]]-né lagi baring]]
Ing tèknologi komputer lan [[Telekomunikasi|tèlèkomunikasi]], '''jero jaringan ''' (jroring) utawa '''jero kawat''' (rowat) nuduhaké kahanan kasinambungan lan '''jaba jaringan''' (baring) utawa '''jaba kawat''' (bawat) nuduhaké kahanan kapedhot sambungané. Ing tata istilah modhèren, iki lumrahé ngagag marang [[Ranggèhan internèt|sambungan internèt]], nanging (mliginé pas dinyatakaké minangka "on line" utawa "on the line") bisa ngagag marang piranti utawa ékan fungsènan apa baé sing kasambung marang sistem sing luwih gedhé. Ana ing jroring tegesé piranti utawa subsistem iku kasambung utawa cawis dianggo.<ref>[[Federal Standard 1037C]] [https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm]</ref>
"Jroring" wis dianggo kanggo nggambaraké kagiyatan lan konsèp sing dumadi ing [[internèt]],<ref name=ox>{{cite web|title=online|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711233543/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/online|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 Juli
2012|website=Dictionary of British and World English|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=31 January 2015}}</ref> kaya [[titikan jroring]], [[pamangsa jroring]], lan [[Blanja jroring|toko jroring]]. Teges sing mèmper uga diwèhaké kanthi ater-ater ''[[Jagat maya|cyber]]'' lan ''e'', kaya ing tembung ''[[cyberspace]]'' (jagat maya), ''[[cybercrime]]'' (kadurjanan jagat maya), ''[[email]]'' (layang èlèktronik), lan ''[[e-commerce]]'' (padagangan èlèktronik).<ref name=thesau>{{cite web|title=Synonyms of online in English|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english-thesaurus/online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420082900/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english-thesaurus/online|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 April 2014|website=Oxford Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=31 Januari 2015}}</ref> Kosok baliné, "baring" bisa ngagag marang kagiyatan pangomputeran sing dilakoni pas kapedhot sambungané saka internèt utawa pilalah kanggo kagiyatan internèt (kaya blanja ing toko [[Panyéwan papan usaha|fisik]]). Istilah "baring" sok dianggo sacara gantènan karo akronim "IRL", sing tegesé "ing kauripan nyata",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/culture/19-things-we-miss-about-the-early-days-of-the-web/|title=19 things we miss about the early days of the web|website=Den of Geek|access-date=10 Fèbruari 2019|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106210835/https://www.denofgeek.com/uk/go/52766|url-status=live}}</ref> sarta ngenani parepatan kantor sacara adhep-adhepan nalika parepatan formal sing mbutuhaké pamelengan dhuwur bisa ngrembug urusan "baring" ing wayah sing luwih rèrèh lan adoh saka parepatan "jroring" sing kèbek pidihan.
== Deleng uga ==
{{Wiktionary|offline|online|come online}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{annotated link|Jejaring komputer}}
*{{annotated link|Kaladuk jroring}}
*{{annotated link|NLS (sistem komputer)|NLS}} utawa "Sistem oN-Line"
*{{annotated link|Pamaca baring}}
*{{annotated link|Jero kalayang#Piguna komputer|Jero kalayang § Piguna komputer}}
*{{annotated link|Algoritma jroring}}
*{{annotated link|Algoritma jroring|Algoritma jroring lan baring}}
*{{annotated link|Pambesutan jroring}} lan {{annotated link|pambesutan baring}} – prabédan jroring utawa garis gedhé ing {{annotated link|pambesutan vidhio}}
*{{annotated link|Online (kalawarti)|''Online'' (kalawarti)}}
*{{annotated link|Sukalilawanan amerta|Sukalilawanan jroring}}
*{{annotated link|Ranggèhan binuka}}
*{{annotated link|Kahadiran}}
*{{annotated link|Piranti alus pangiloan situs wèb}}
{{div col end}}
==Rèferènsi==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
• {{FS1037C MS188}}
{{refend}}
[[Categori:Jargon komputer]]
[[Categori:Tata istilah internèt]]
o5squp5aq4rzmbq19ydb573gcnj3qmi
1751264
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Dulusima
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{{Short description|Kahanan kasambung utawa kapedhoté sambungan kanggo piranti lan leladi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=Méi 2019}}
[[Barkas:O2 Wireless Box V.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Kothak nirkabel O2]] karo lampu sing nuduhaké yèn pangener nduwéni daya, sambungan [[èternèt]], lan sambungan [[pita amba]], nanging sambungan internèt lan [[Wi-Fi]]-né lagi baring]]
Ing tèknologi komputer lan [[Telekomunikasi|tèlèkomunikasi]], '''jero jaringan ''' (jroring) utawa '''jero kawat''' (rowat) nuduhaké kahanan kasinambungan lan '''jaba jaringan''' (baring) utawa '''jaba kawat''' (bawat) nuduhaké kahanan kapedhot sambungané. Ing tata istilah modhèren, iki lumrahé ngagag marang [[Ranggèhan internèt|sambungan internèt]], nanging (mliginé pas dinyatakaké minangka "on line" utawa "on the line") bisa ngagag marang piranti utawa ékan fungsènan apa baé sing kasambung marang sistem sing luwih gedhé. Ana ing jroring tegesé piranti utawa subsistem iku kasambung utawa cawis dianggo.<ref>[[Federal Standard 1037C]] [https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm]</ref>
"Jroring" wis dianggo kanggo nggambaraké kagiyatan lan konsèp sing dumadi ing [[internèt]],<ref name=ox>{{cite web|title=online|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711233543/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/online|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 Juli
2012|website=Dictionary of British and World English|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=31 Januari 2015}}</ref> kaya [[titikan jroring]], [[pamangsa jroring]], lan [[Blanja jroring|toko jroring]]. Teges sing mèmper uga diwèhaké kanthi ater-ater ''[[Jagat maya|cyber]]'' lan ''e'', kaya ing tembung ''[[cyberspace]]'' (jagat maya), ''[[cybercrime]]'' (kadurjanan jagat maya), ''[[email]]'' (layang èlèktronik), lan ''[[e-commerce]]'' (padagangan èlèktronik).<ref name=thesau>{{cite web|title=Synonyms of online in English|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english-thesaurus/online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420082900/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english-thesaurus/online|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 April 2014|website=Oxford Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=31 Januari 2015}}</ref> Kosok baliné, "baring" bisa ngagag marang kagiyatan pangomputeran sing dilakoni pas kapedhot sambungané saka internèt utawa pilalah kanggo kagiyatan internèt (kaya blanja ing toko [[Panyéwan papan usaha|fisik]]). Istilah "baring" sok dianggo sacara gantènan karo akronim "IRL", sing tegesé "ing kauripan nyata",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/culture/19-things-we-miss-about-the-early-days-of-the-web/|title=19 things we miss about the early days of the web|website=Den of Geek|access-date=10 Fèbruari 2019|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106210835/https://www.denofgeek.com/uk/go/52766|url-status=live}}</ref> sarta ngenani parepatan kantor sacara adhep-adhepan nalika parepatan formal sing mbutuhaké pamelengan dhuwur bisa ngrembug urusan "baring" ing wayah sing luwih rèrèh lan adoh saka parepatan "jroring" sing kèbek pidihan.
== Deleng uga ==
{{Wiktionary|offline|online|come online}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{annotated link|Jejaring komputer}}
*{{annotated link|Kaladuk jroring}}
*{{annotated link|NLS (sistem komputer)|NLS}} utawa "Sistem oN-Line"
*{{annotated link|Pamaca baring}}
*{{annotated link|Jero kalayang#Piguna komputer|Jero kalayang § Piguna komputer}}
*{{annotated link|Algoritma jroring}}
*{{annotated link|Algoritma jroring|Algoritma jroring lan baring}}
*{{annotated link|Pambesutan jroring}} lan {{annotated link|pambesutan baring}} – prabédan jroring utawa garis gedhé ing {{annotated link|pambesutan vidhio}}
*{{annotated link|Online (kalawarti)|''Online'' (kalawarti)}}
*{{annotated link|Sukalilawanan amerta|Sukalilawanan jroring}}
*{{annotated link|Ranggèhan binuka}}
*{{annotated link|Kahadiran}}
*{{annotated link|Piranti alus pangiloan situs wèb}}
{{div col end}}
==Rèferènsi==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
• {{FS1037C MS188}}
{{refend}}
[[Kategori:Jargon komputer]]
[[Kategori:Tata istilah internèt]]
ox6hbmj2tkrdgv5extwzfcds9vg8rd9
1751265
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2026-07-07T13:28:47Z
Dulusima
73546
/* */
1751265
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{{Short description|Kahanan kasambung utawa kapedhoté sambungan kanggo piranti lan leladi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=Méi 2019}}
[[Barkas:O2 Wireless Box V.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Kothak nirkabel O2]] karo lampu sing nuduhaké yèn pangener nduwéni daya, sambungan [[èternèt]], lan sambungan [[pita amba]], nanging sambungan internèt lan [[Wi-Fi]]-né lagi baring]]
Ing tèknologi komputer lan [[Telekomunikasi|tèlèkomunikasi]], '''jero jaringan ''' (jroring) utawa '''jero kawat''' (rowat) nuduhaké kahanan kasinambungan lan '''jaba jaringan''' (baring) utawa '''jaba kawat''' (bawat) nuduhaké kahanan kapedhot sambungané. Ing tata istilah modhèren, iki lumrahé ngagag marang [[Ranggèhan internèt|sambungan internèt]], nanging (mliginé pas dinyatakaké minangka ''on line'' utawa ''on the line'') bisa ngagag marang piranti utawa ékan fungsènan apa baé sing kasambung marang sistem sing luwih gedhé. Ana ing jroring tegesé piranti utawa subsistem iku kasambung utawa cawis dianggo.<ref>[[Federal Standard 1037C]] [https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm]</ref>
"Jroring" wis dianggo kanggo nggambaraké kagiyatan lan konsèp sing dumadi ing [[internèt]],<ref name=ox>{{cite web|title=online|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711233543/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/online|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 Juli
2012|website=Dictionary of British and World English|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=31 Januari 2015}}</ref> kaya [[titikan jroring]], [[pamangsa jroring]], lan [[Blanja jroring|toko jroring]]. Teges sing mèmper uga diwèhaké kanthi ater-ater ''[[Jagat maya|cyber]]'' lan ''e'', kaya ing tembung ''[[Jagat maya|cyberspace]]'' (jagat maya), ''[[Kadurjanan jagat maya|cybercrime]]'' (kadurjanan jagat maya), ''[[Layang èlèktronik|email]]'' (layang èlèktronik), lan ''[[e-commerce]]'' (padagangan èlèktronik).<ref name=thesau>{{cite web|title=Synonyms of online in English|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english-thesaurus/online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420082900/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english-thesaurus/online|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 April 2014|website=Oxford Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=31 Januari 2015}}</ref> Kosok baliné, "baring" bisa ngagag marang kagiyatan pangomputeran sing dilakoni pas kapedhot sambungané saka internèt utawa pilalah kanggo kagiyatan internèt (kaya blanja ing toko [[Panyéwan papan usaha|fisik]]). Istilah "baring" sok dianggo sacara gantènan karo akronim "IRL", sing tegesé "ing kauripan nyata",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/culture/19-things-we-miss-about-the-early-days-of-the-web/|title=19 things we miss about the early days of the web|website=Den of Geek|access-date=10 Fèbruari 2019|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106210835/https://www.denofgeek.com/uk/go/52766|url-status=live}}</ref> sarta ngenani parepatan kantor sacara adhep-adhepan nalika parepatan formal sing mbutuhaké pamelengan dhuwur bisa ngrembug urusan "baring" ing wayah sing luwih rèrèh lan adoh saka parepatan "jroring" sing kèbek pidihan.
== Deleng uga ==
{{Wiktionary|offline|online|come online}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{annotated link|Jejaring komputer}}
*{{annotated link|Kaladuk jroring}}
*{{annotated link|NLS (sistem komputer)|NLS}} utawa "Sistem oN-Line"
*{{annotated link|Pamaca baring}}
*{{annotated link|Jero kalayang#Piguna komputer|Jero kalayang § Piguna komputer}}
*{{annotated link|Algoritma jroring}}
*{{annotated link|Algoritma jroring|Algoritma jroring lan baring}}
*{{annotated link|Pambesutan jroring}} lan {{annotated link|pambesutan baring}} – prabédan jroring utawa garis gedhé ing {{annotated link|pambesutan vidhio}}
*{{annotated link|Online (kalawarti)|''Online'' (kalawarti)}}
*{{annotated link|Sukalilawanan amerta|Sukalilawanan jroring}}
*{{annotated link|Ranggèhan binuka}}
*{{annotated link|Kahadiran}}
*{{annotated link|Piranti alus pangiloan situs wèb}}
{{div col end}}
==Rèferènsi==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
• {{FS1037C MS188}}
{{refend}}
[[Kategori:Jargon komputer]]
[[Kategori:Tata istilah internèt]]
a82erttqt1zumcm9l6s3uwv7tw308xw
1751266
1751265
2026-07-07T13:29:19Z
Dulusima
73546
/* Rujukan */
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{{Short description|Kahanan kasambung utawa kapedhoté sambungan kanggo piranti lan leladi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=Méi 2019}}
[[Barkas:O2 Wireless Box V.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Kothak nirkabel O2]] karo lampu sing nuduhaké yèn pangener nduwéni daya, sambungan [[èternèt]], lan sambungan [[pita amba]], nanging sambungan internèt lan [[Wi-Fi]]-né lagi baring]]
Ing tèknologi komputer lan [[Telekomunikasi|tèlèkomunikasi]], '''jero jaringan ''' (jroring) utawa '''jero kawat''' (rowat) nuduhaké kahanan kasinambungan lan '''jaba jaringan''' (baring) utawa '''jaba kawat''' (bawat) nuduhaké kahanan kapedhot sambungané. Ing tata istilah modhèren, iki lumrahé ngagag marang [[Ranggèhan internèt|sambungan internèt]], nanging (mliginé pas dinyatakaké minangka ''on line'' utawa ''on the line'') bisa ngagag marang piranti utawa ékan fungsènan apa baé sing kasambung marang sistem sing luwih gedhé. Ana ing jroring tegesé piranti utawa subsistem iku kasambung utawa cawis dianggo.<ref>[[Federal Standard 1037C]] [https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm]</ref>
"Jroring" wis dianggo kanggo nggambaraké kagiyatan lan konsèp sing dumadi ing [[internèt]],<ref name=ox>{{cite web|title=online|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711233543/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/online|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 Juli
2012|website=Dictionary of British and World English|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=31 Januari 2015}}</ref> kaya [[titikan jroring]], [[pamangsa jroring]], lan [[Blanja jroring|toko jroring]]. Teges sing mèmper uga diwèhaké kanthi ater-ater ''[[Jagat maya|cyber]]'' lan ''e'', kaya ing tembung ''[[Jagat maya|cyberspace]]'' (jagat maya), ''[[Kadurjanan jagat maya|cybercrime]]'' (kadurjanan jagat maya), ''[[Layang èlèktronik|email]]'' (layang èlèktronik), lan ''[[e-commerce]]'' (padagangan èlèktronik).<ref name=thesau>{{cite web|title=Synonyms of online in English|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english-thesaurus/online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420082900/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english-thesaurus/online|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 April 2014|website=Oxford Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=31 Januari 2015}}</ref> Kosok baliné, "baring" bisa ngagag marang kagiyatan pangomputeran sing dilakoni pas kapedhot sambungané saka internèt utawa pilalah kanggo kagiyatan internèt (kaya blanja ing toko [[Panyéwan papan usaha|fisik]]). Istilah "baring" sok dianggo sacara gantènan karo akronim "IRL", sing tegesé "ing kauripan nyata",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/culture/19-things-we-miss-about-the-early-days-of-the-web/|title=19 things we miss about the early days of the web|website=Den of Geek|access-date=10 Fèbruari 2019|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106210835/https://www.denofgeek.com/uk/go/52766|url-status=live}}</ref> sarta ngenani parepatan kantor sacara adhep-adhepan nalika parepatan formal sing mbutuhaké pamelengan dhuwur bisa ngrembug urusan "baring" ing wayah sing luwih rèrèh lan adoh saka parepatan "jroring" sing kèbek pidihan.
== Deleng uga ==
{{Wiktionary|offline|online|come online}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{annotated link|Jejaring komputer}}
*{{annotated link|Kaladuk jroring}}
*{{annotated link|NLS (sistem komputer)|NLS}} utawa "Sistem oN-Line"
*{{annotated link|Pamaca baring}}
*{{annotated link|Jero kalayang#Piguna komputer|Jero kalayang § Piguna komputer}}
*{{annotated link|Algoritma jroring}}
*{{annotated link|Algoritma jroring|Algoritma jroring lan baring}}
*{{annotated link|Pambesutan jroring}} lan {{annotated link|pambesutan baring}} – prabédan jroring utawa garis gedhé ing {{annotated link|pambesutan vidhio}}
*{{annotated link|Online (kalawarti)|''Online'' (kalawarti)}}
*{{annotated link|Sukalilawanan amerta|Sukalilawanan jroring}}
*{{annotated link|Ranggèhan binuka}}
*{{annotated link|Kahadiran}}
*{{annotated link|Piranti alus pangiloan situs wèb}}
{{div col end}}
==Rujukan==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
• {{FS1037C MS188}}
{{refend}}
[[Kategori:Jargon komputer]]
[[Kategori:Tata istilah internèt]]
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Jayne Brook
0
200578
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Meursault2004
3
Rintisan saka [[:en:Jayne Brook|]]
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'''Jayne Brook''' (lair minangka '''Jane Anderson''') (lair 16 Sèptèmber 1960)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/09/08/celebrity-birthdays-for-the-week-of-sept-13-19/|title=
Celebrity birthdays for the week of Sept. 13-19|website=Citynews Toronto|date=September 8, 2020|quote=Sept. 16: Actor Jayne Brook (“Chicago Hope”) is 60}}</ref> iku aktris Amérika Sarékat, dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké Dr. Diane Grad ing drama mèdhis ''[[Chicago Hope]]'', minangka paraga règulèr ing lima saka nem mangsa acara TV iki, lan minangka Mary Ann Mitchell ing ''[[The District]]'' saka taun 2000 nganti 2002. Antara taun 2017 lan 2019, Jayne Brook uga kerep maragakaké Starfleet Vice Admiral Katrina Cornwell ing sèri ''[[Star Trek: Discovery]]''.
== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1960]]
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Setatsiyun Awaji
0
200579
1751284
2026-07-08T09:03:57Z
TiNk5817
59899
Kaca anyar: {{Infobox station | name = Setatsiyun Awaji | native_name = 淡路駅 | native_name_lang = ja | type = | image = 阪急淡路駅東西口.jpg | alt = | caption = Galura wétan Setatsiyun Awaji | other_name = | address = Higashi-awaji Yonchome, [[Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka|Higashiyodogawa]], [[Osaka, Osaka|Osaka]], [[Prefektur Osaka|Osaka]]<br />{{Nihongo2|(大阪市東淀川区東淡路四丁目)}} | country = Jepang | coordinates = {{coord|34|44|19.83|N|135|30|59.38|E|typ...
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{{Infobox station
| name = Setatsiyun Awaji
| native_name = 淡路駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = 阪急淡路駅東西口.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Galura wétan Setatsiyun Awaji
| other_name =
| address = Higashi-awaji Yonchome, [[Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka|Higashiyodogawa]], [[Osaka, Osaka|Osaka]], [[Prefektur Osaka|Osaka]]<br />{{Nihongo2|(大阪市東淀川区東淡路四丁目)}}
| country = Jepang
| coordinates = {{coord|34|44|19.83|N|135|30|59.38|E|type:railwaystation_region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| operator = [[Hankyu Railway]]
| line = {{Plainlist|
* [[Jalur Utami Hankyu Kyoto]]
* [[Jalur Utami Hankyu Senri]]
}}
| platforms =
| structure =
| code = HK-63
| opened = 10 April 1921
| closed =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| services =
}}
{{nihongo|'''Setatsiyun Awaji'''|淡路駅|Awaji eki}} yaiku [[setatsiyun sepur]] ing [[Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka]], Jepang, sing digarap déning operator sepur swasta [[Hankyu Railway]]. [[Jalur Hankyu Kyoto]] lan [[Jalur Hankyu Senri]] nglayani stasiun iki. Panjenengan saged pindhah dhateng jalur JR Osaka higashi.
==Réferènsi==
{{reflist}}
==Pranala njaba==
* [https://www.hankyu.co.jp/station/awaji.html Awaji Station] from Hankyu Railway website ing basa Jepang.
{{Jalur Hankyu Kyoto}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Awaji}}
[[Category:Jalur Utami Hankyu Kyoto]]
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Setatsiyun Takatsuki-shi
0
200580
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2026-07-08T10:29:39Z
TiNk5817
59899
Kaca anyar: {{Infobox station | name = Setatsiyun Takatsuki-shi | native_name = 高槻市駅 | native_name_lang = ja | type = | image = Hankyu Takatsuki-shi Station October 2024.jpg | alt = | caption = Galura utara Setatsiyun Takatsuki-shi | other_name = | address = Johokucho, Nichome, [[Takatsuki, Osaka|Takatsuki]], [[Prefektur Osaka|Osaka]]<br />{{Nihongo2|(大阪府高槻市城北町二丁目)}} | country = Jepang | coordinates = {{coord|34|50|59.56|N|135|37|23.2|E|type:railwaysta...
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{{Infobox station
| name = Setatsiyun Takatsuki-shi
| native_name = 高槻市駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Hankyu Takatsuki-shi Station October 2024.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Galura utara Setatsiyun Takatsuki-shi
| other_name =
| address = Johokucho, Nichome, [[Takatsuki, Osaka|Takatsuki]], [[Prefektur Osaka|Osaka]]<br />{{Nihongo2|(大阪府高槻市城北町二丁目)}}
| country = Jepang
| coordinates = {{coord|34|50|59.56|N|135|37|23.2|E|type:railwaystation_region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| operator = [[Hankyu Railway]]
| line = [[Jalur Utami Hankyu Kyoto]]
| platforms =
| structure =
| code = HK-72
| opened = 16 Januari 1928
| closed =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| services =
}}
{{nihongo|'''Setatsiyun Takatsuki-shi'''|高槻市駅|Takatsuki-shi eki}} yaiku [[setatsiyun sepur]] ing [[Takatsuki, Osaka|Takatsuki]], Jepang, sing digarap déning operator sepur swasta [[Hankyu Railway]]. [[Jalur Hankyu Kyoto]] nglayani stasiun iki.
Setatsiyun Takatsuki-shi didegake ing 16 Januari 1928.
Panjenengan saged pindhah dhateng jalur JR Kyoto([[Setatsiyun Takatsuki (Osaka)|Setatsiyun Takatsuki]]).
==Réferènsi==
{{reflist}}
==Pranala njaba==
* [https://www.hankyu.co.jp/station/takatsuki_shi.html Takatsuki-shi Station] from Hankyu Railway website ing basa Jepang.
{{Jalur Hankyu Kyoto}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Takatsuki-shi}}
[[Category:Jalur Utami Hankyu Kyoto]]
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